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Lnuary 1967 


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habilitation 
of thalidomide 
children 
needed: income 
tax revisions 
varicosities 
and management 


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JANUARY 196: 



The 
Canadian 
Nurse 


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A monthly journal for the nurses of Canada published 
in English and French editions by the Canadian Nurses' Association 


Volume 63, Number 1 


January 1967 


26 Habilitation of Thalidomide Children: 
The Nursing Approach M. O'Brien, M. Owens, and J. Ralph 
29 Impact of Cerebral Palsy on Patient 
and Family W.A. Hawke 
P. Grondin and C. Meere 


32 Recent Advances in Heart Surgery 
36 Intensive Care Unit in Cardiovascular 
Surgery 
39 Varicose Veins of the Lower Limb 
43 
45 


50 


Nursing Care in Varicose Vein Surgery 
Effectiveness of Nursing Visits 
to Primigravida Mothers 
Project Bed Rest 


C. Boisvert 
P. Dionne 
M. Rodrigue 


L.S. Brown 


L. Dahl, M. Smith, B. Fowle 
1. Hutchison, R. Graham, and D. Black 


The views expressed in the various articles are the views of the authors and do not 
necessarily represent the policies or views of the Canadian Nurses' Association. 


4 Letters 
7 News 
16 Names 
22 New Products 
23 Dates 


25 Editorial 
53 Books 
55 Films 
56 Accession List 
1966 Index 
II Official Directory 


Executive Director: Helen K. Mussallem . 
Editor: VIrginia A. Llndabury . Assistant 
Editor: Glennls N. Zilm . News Editor: June 
I. Ferguson . Editorial Assistant: Carla D. 
Penn . Circulation Manager: Plerrette Hotte . 
Advertising Manager: Ruth H. Baumel. Sub- 
scription Rates: Canada: One Year. $4.50; two 
years, $8.00. Foreign: One Year, $5.00; two 
years. $9.00. Single copies: SO cents each. 
Make cheques or money orders payable to 
The Canadian Nurse . Change of Address: 
Four weeks' notice and the old address as 
v.: ell as t
e new are necessary. Not respon- 
sIble for Journals lost in mail due to errors 
in address. 


Manuscript Information: "The Canadian 
Nurse" welcomes unsolicited articles. Alt 
manuscripts should be typed, double-spaced. 
on one side of unruled paper leaving wide 
margins. Manuscripts are accepted for review 
for exclusive publication. The editor reserves 
the right to make the usual editorial chan
es. 
Photo
raphs (glossy prints) and graphs and 
diagrams (drawn in india ink on white paper) 
are welcomed with such articles. The editor 
is not committed to publish all articles sent, 
nor to indicate defimte dates of publication. 
Authorized as Second-Class Mail bv the Post 
Office Department, Ottawa, and for_payment 
of postage in cash. Postpaid at Montreal. 
Return Postage Guaranteed. SO The Driveway, 
Ottawa 4, Ontario. 
@ Canadian Nurses' Association, 1966 


An item appearing recently in 
a French-language newspaper 
reports that married women in 
Sweden are seriously questioning 
whether it is worth their while to 
seek gainful employment. 
Apparently income taxes are in- 
creased disproportionately when 
more than one member of the 
family brings home a paycheck. 
Moreover, the Swedish women 
complain that child care costs, a 
necessary expense for working 
mothers with young children, 
cannot be deducted from income 
tax. 
Similar deterrents to employment 
of married women are found in 
Canada. The income tax structure 
was organized at a time when the 
man in the home was the sole 
breadwinner, and has not been 
revised to keep apace of the 
changing role of women in 
the economy. 
After examining present income 
tax policy as it pertains to married 
women, we became convinced that 
its irrelevancies could be discussed 
adequately only in a full page 
editorial (page 25). 
We believe that a revised Income 
Tax Act that recognizes the role 
of married women in the labor 
force will benefit the country's 
economy as well as individuals and 
their families. We realize, also, 
that taxation procedures inflict 
hardships on many different groups 
within the labor force. In this 
article we are dealing primarily 
with married women who are 
nurses, because we believe that 
anything that inhibits the re-entry 
of professional nurses into a 
practice already short of practition- 
ers is detrimental to Canadian 
health services and to Canada. 
- Editor. 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 3 


JANUARY 1967 



letters 


{ 


Letters to the editor are welcome. 
Only signed letters will be considered for publication 
Name will be withheld at the writer's request. 


Nurgentsl 
Dear Editor: 
I was delighted to read in your October 
issue that male nurses are likely to be wel- 
comed into the study and work of obstetrical 
nursing. 
Seventy years ago I started my nursing 
career in the Samaritan Hospital for Women 
in Glasgow, Scotland and I learned a lot 
that was good to know about women and 
also men. Very soon I felt angry that male 
nurses in military hospitals were called 
"orderlies." I know how kind men can be 
and, even with their extra strength, how 
gently they can handle patients - often 
better than women. Has anyone thought 
of calling them "nurgents?" With every good 
wish for your magazine. - Jean McMartine 
Weir, B.C. 


Dear Editor: 
We were interested to read the article 
"Why not obstetric nursing for male stu- 
dents?" (October 1966.) 
As we are men in nursing, we are pleased 
to see articles such as this appearing in 
the magazine. We were surprised to learn 
that only an estimated 60 percent of male 
nurses have had obstetrical nursing exper- 
ience. We agree that the rationale for this, 
"that the obstetrical patient would be embar- 
rassed if a male nurse attended to her nurs- 
ing care needs" is not sound. We wonder 
how these schools reason that women who 
have had male nurses attending to them in 
the case room, would be more embarrassed 
in tbe postpartum period. 
There are six men enrolled in the nursing 
course at the Regina Grey Nuns' School of 
Nursing, Regina, Saskatchewan. Two are 
presently in obstetrical nursing. It is man- 
datory that we take the full obstetric course, 
theory and practice. 
We perform total nursing care - anti- 
and postpartum, with the exception of peri- 
neal care. We will also be having the reg- 
ular experience in the case room, nursery 
and premature nursery. 
We have exprienced complete acceptance 
by the mothers and the present ward staff. 
We are convinced that all schools of nurs- 
ing should attempt to prepare aU their stu- 
dents, male or female, to be fully qualified 
with a basic understanding in all nursing 
areas. - Dave Hunter, R.P.N., and Bill 
Ayotte, R.P.N., senior nursing students, 
Regina Grey Nuns' School of Nursing, 


Reciprocity wanted 
Dear Editor: 
We are concerned with the provincial 
4 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


and international re-registration of nurses. 
It seems to us that pettiness and nastiness 
abound. How about action on international 
registration ? 
We are all members of the International 
Council of Nurses, and each delegate is 
recognized as a professional nurse. Is it not 
odd that we should find such difficulty in 
accepting each other outside Geneva? 
We suggest a blitz here and now: All 
Canadian nurses should apply for registra- 
tion in at least one other province and one 
other country. This action would give the 
individual nurse experience with this pro- 
blem; she would also discover that nurses 
around the world are more alike than dif- 
ferent ! 
With this experience, nurses would be 
eager to change the laws that presently bind 
us, and it could provide the impetus to 
break the existing hiatus. - Bob Brown, 
R.M.N., S.R.N., Reg.N., and Phil Gower, 
Reg.N., The University of Western Ontario 
School of Nursing, London, Onto 


Unwed Father 
Dear Editor: 
Attention is continually being focused on 
the unmarried mother - her problems, 
fears, and responsibilities. I believe it is 
time that an investigation be made into the 
role of the putative or unmarried father. 
Granted, he can escape from the situation 
more easily than an unmarried mother, but 
he does not escape from thõse problems 
that caused his behavior in the first place. 
The putative or unmarried father is a 
man who produces a child as a result of 
intercourse out of wedlock and who subse- 
quently fails to marry the mother before 
the birth of the child. 
Until recently, the only consideration given 
to the problems of the putative father has 
been from a moral standpoint. The psycho- 
logical aspects are now coming under in- 
vestigation. A boy guilty of promiscuous 
behavior may be using girls to satisfy needs 
that were neglected in his early upbringing 
- needs for affection, attention, indepen- 
dence and acceptance. Other theories suggest 
that the putative father, although so insecure 
that marriage would be unthinkable, pro- 
duces a child to prove to himself that he is 
ready for marriage. 
Society seems to regard the unmarried 
father as a man who has "let the woman 
down" by not marrying her. This is often 
the case, but there are also many cases ill 
which the boy would be willing to marry 
the girl but she refuses or her parents will 
not allow it. In other cases the couple 


mutually agree not to marry. 
Looking on the financial side of things, 
there is the unmarried father whose cons- 
cience is headed by cash settlements. When 
this prostitute pattern is brought into the 
picture, the child becomes only the mother's 
in the sight of both parents. 
In contrast, there are men with true 
parental feeling for whom a cash settlement 
would do nothing but increase their sense of 
guilt. In the case of a young man who 
knows enough of modern psychology to 
realize the effect of deprived parenthood on 
a child, this sense of guilt may have a des- 
tructive effect on his later relationships with 
his legitimate children. 
The unmarried father will find it hard 
to go to a welfare office for help. He 
always expects severe treatment or at least 
trouble. Knowing that society still regards 
him in a criminal light, he tends to stay 
away from any official person or body no 
matter how much he needs help. It is easy 
to see that some of the apparent irresponsi- 
bility of the unmarried father is due to the 
fear he has of social censure. He particularly 
distrusts women social workers because he 
does not think that they will understand the 
man's point of view. 
[ believe that if the many mysteries sur- 
rounding the unmarried father are to be 
removed, society must adopt a new attitude. 
Instead of isolating the putative father, it 
should treat father, mother, and child as an 
originally linked problem. Only with such an 
approach can society avoid the increasing 
number of adoptions and help to establish 
new families from people who originally saw 
nothing ahead but a life filled with problems 
that they could not solve. - Miss Helen 
Staat, intermediate nursing student, Royal 
Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, B.C. 


Unfair to blame nurses 
Dear Editor: 
I just read the distressed reader's letter 
in the November issue, complaining about 
the indifference of a nurse toward her while 
she was in labor. 
I do not like to see a hospital described 
as turning out poor nurses - as the reader 
implies in her letter - because I think that 
rather the opposite is true; nor do I like 
to see somebody jumping to the conclusion 
that all nurses are bad nowadays, because 
one nurse possibly slipped up somewhere. 
[ said "possibly" because, after all, the nurse 
probably had her instructions from the doc- 
tor, and they might well have been different 
from what the patient thought they were. 
Any nurse who has worked in obstetrics 
(Continued on page 6) 
JANUARY 1967 




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letters 


(Continued from page 4) 
has come across the case where the doctor, 
for various reasons, does not want to give 
anything for pain until he absolutely has 
to. And funhermore, where was the lady's 
doctor? Did he induce labor - at night! - 
and then go home? And did he phone back 
or come in person to che;:k his patient's 
progress? She says nothing about that. 
I think it is most unfair of her to put 


all the blame for her neglect, if there was 
any, on the nurses. They were probably 
overworked. and expected her, of all pa- 
tients, to have understanding in the situation. 
The only thing that bothers me in that letter 
is that the nurse who came on duty at 11 :30 
P.M. did not go in to check the patient. 
Probably there was a good reason why she 
didn't. but it would have been better if she 
had. Above all, it would have reassured the 
patient to know that somebody was keeping 
an eye on her. From the tone of the letter it 
seems obvious that reassurance was what she 
needed most. - Mrs. M.E. Mueller, R.N., 
Nonh Battleford, Saskatchewan. 


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THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Refresher course in Manitoba 
Dear Editor: 
In answer to the letter from "R.N. Mani- 
toba" and her comment regarding refresher 
courses (September 1966): St. Boniface Gen- 
eral Hospital will be conducting its fourth 
six-week refresher course in February and 
early March of 1967. 
Any nurses from the Winnipeg area inter- 
ested in this course can obtain more infor- 
mation by writing to the Co-ordinator, In- 
service Education, St. Boniface General Hos- 
pital, St. Boniface, Manitoba. - (Mrs.) K. 
De long. Winnipeg, Manitoba. 


Compliments 
Dear Editor: 
We have noticed with great pleasure the 
numerous innovations which have been in- 
corporated into both The Canadian Nurse 
and L'infirmière canadienne. 
Furthermore, we appreciate that the 
French edition is not a word for word 
translation of the English. 
We would like to congratulate each and 
every member of the editorial staff, hoping 
that they will keep up their enthusiasm in 
order to maintain the spirit of the magazine 
and make it even livelier. - Sister Claire 
Bilodeau, Director of the School of Nursing. 
Hôpital du St-Sacrement, Québec. 


Dear Editor: 
Every month after reading THE CANADIAN 
NURSE I think that I should write to ex- 
press my appreciation for the very fine 
issues we are receiving. I have procrastinat- 
ed long enough, so here are my sincere 
thanks for a difficult job well done. 
This letter was prompted by the opinion 
expressed by Dr. R.W. Sutherland in his 
article "Needed: Nurses Who Are Clinical 
Specialists" (Sept. 1966). I agree with I 
every word he wrote. - K. Deathe, Toron- 
to, Onto 


Dear Editor: 
The Nursing Sisters' Association of Can- 
ada, Montreal Unit, express appreciation and 
thanks for the anicles and photographs 
published in the November issue. 
Greetings and good wishes to the staff 
of THE CANADIAN NURSE. - Nancy Kennedy- 
Reid, National President and I. O'Reilly, 
President, Montreal Unit. 


Dear Editor: 
I have just received the September issue 
of THE CANADIAN NURSE. I am an Alberta 
graduate and am currently registered in B.C. 
The new concepts that are prevalent in 
nursing today never cease to amaze me. 
I am proud to say I am a nurse, and also 
a Canadian. 
Keep up the good work, we all can learn 
from one another. - E.M. Harrison, R.N., 
Chemainus, B.C. 0 
JANUARY 1%7 



news 


Dublin-Born Nurse 
to Study in Canada 
Sister Genevieve, S.R.N., principal tutor 
at the Mater Infirmorum Hospital, Belfast, 
will study nursing education in Canada as 
a result of winning the 1966 Glaxo Scholar- 
ship administered by the British Common- 
wealth Nurses' War Memorial Fund. 
This is the eight successive year that 
Canada has been chosen by a Glaxo Scho- 
lar as a training center. 
Sister Genevieve, who was presented with 
her award by Queen Mother Elizabeth at a 
birthday reception at St. James's Palace to 
celebrate the 21st anniversary of the Fund, 
will arrive in Montreal early in April. She 
will study post-basic courses in obstetric 
nursing, operating room nursing, and 
psychiatric nursing at the Royal Victoria 
Hospital. 
The E500 scholarship will also take her 
to Toronto, New York, Washington, D.C.. 
St. Louis, San Francisco, and Chicago. 
The Glaxo Scholarship is one of several 
available through the British Commonwealth 
Nurses' War Memorial Fund. It was set up 
in 1945 as a memorial to the 3,000 nurses 
and midwives of the British Commonwealth 
who lost their lives in the Second World 
War. The Fund has to date sponsored over 
150 scholars and two research fellows. 


UWO School of Nursing 
Sponsors Fifth Seminar 
To assist senior nursing executives toward 
better job performance, the school of nursing 
of the University of Western Ontario has 
arranged an II-day seminar June 12-23, 
1967. 
Sessions are planned for six days, Monday 
through Saturday noon the first week; for 
five days, Monday through Friday afternoon, 
the second week. Featured speakers will 
include Mother M. St. Michael, professor of 
philosophy, Brescia College, UWO; Dr. 
Catherine M. Norris, nurse educator and 
author, formerly professor of nursing at 
the University of New Mexico; Dr. R. Hodg- 
son, associate profe.ssor of the school of 
business administration, UWO; and Dr. 
Elizabeth Hagen, professor of psychology 
and eduoation at Columbia University. 
Interspersed throughout the two-week 
program will be lecture-discussion sessions, 
group analyses of cases, films, role-playing 
and individual guided study. 
Enrollment will be limited to 75 appli- 
cants who will be selected on the basis of 
their present positions and responsibility for 
administration. Efforts will be made to 
select a representative group from nursing 
JANUARY 1%7 


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Queen Mother Elizabeth presents the 1966 Glaxo Scholarship to Sister Gene- 
vieve of Dublin. This scholarship, administered by the British Commonwealth 
Nurses War Memorial Fund, will enable Sister Genevieve to study nursing 
education in Canada during the coming year. 


service administrators in hospitals, nursing 
service administrators in public health, nurs- 
ing education administrators, and adminis- 
trators and consultants in professional or- 
ganizations. 
The course fee is $250 to include classes, 
study materials, lodging, and meals. Appli- 
cation forms, which should be completed 
and returned to the School prior to March 
I, 1967, are available upon request. 


CNA Publishes Guide 
for Two-Year Diploma Programs 
A guide dealing with the development of 
two-year diploma programs in eduoational 
institutions has just been published by the 
Canadian Nurses' Association. 
Approved for publication at the pre- 
convention executive meeting, it is designed 
for educators considering such programs, 
whether in a community college, junior 
college, vocational school or technical school. 
Called Guiding Principles fOr the Develop- 
ment of Programs in Educational Institu- 
tions Leading to a Diploma in Nursing. the 
document covers planning and investigation, 
organization and administration, faculty, 
students, curriculum and instruction. and 
physical facilities. 
The publióation is available upon request 
from the CNA. Price $1.00. 


New Brunswick Nurses Take 
Important Step in Nursing 
Education 
The New Brunswick Association of Regis- 
tered Nurses has asked the provincial 
government to take immediate steps to 
implement the pIan for the education of 
nurses and health workers generally, as ad- 
vocated in Portrait of Nursing by Dr. 
Katherine MacLaggan. 
The nurses' request to government has 
been supported by citizens' committees from 
all areas of the province chaired by Dr. 
Allan Sinclair of the University of New 
Brunswick law faculty. 
The proposals for the new system of edu- 
cation concern a variety of health workers 
described as Nurse Grade I, Nurse Grade II, 
Wardkeeper and Ward Secretary. 
Both nursing groups would be prepared 
at the post high-school level within the 
province's genel1al educational system. The 
Nurse Grade I would constitute 75 percent 
of the nursing complement and would be 
eduoated in a two-year period at new health 
institutes recommended for Saint John. 
Moncton, and Campbellton. Twenty-five per- 
cent of the nurses, called Nurse Grade II, 
would be educated in New Brunswick's two 
established university schools of nursing. 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 7 



news 


The proposed heaith institutes wouid aiso 
educate the ward secretary and other per- 
sonnel for the health field and would be 
administered by an independent council res- 
ponsible to the minister of education. 
Envisioned under the program would be 
a phasing-out of existing schools of nursing 
over a period of years when newly-trained 
staff become available. It is estimated that 
from the start at any given time, a period 
of three years would be necessary for 
implementation. Existing health personnel 
trained under the present system would be 
retrained and protected on staff while new 
trainees would be trained under the propos- 
ed new system. 
The plan suggests that the first pilot 
health institute be established in Saint John 
because of important community facilities, 
especially in an institute in close proximity 
to St. Joseph's and the Saint John General 
Hospitals. 
A Moncton institute on or near the Uni- 
versity of Moncton campus which would 
provide easy access to hospitals, arts and 
science facilities is recommended. 
A third institute is invisioned in Camp- 
bellton to serve between 300-400 students 
at a cost of between one and two million 
dollars. 
The NBARN suggests that the capitaJ cost 
of such institutes be born by the province 
which would be able to avail itself of heaJth 
resources grants from the federal govern- 
ment. 
The plan, which was published in 1965, 
has been endorsed by the Canadian Nurses' 
Association. 


Alberta Nurses Serve in Africa 
Two instructors from the Foothills Hos- 
pital school of nursing are in Geneva being 
briefed for World Health Organization as- 
signments in West Africa. 
Margaret Svennin
n and Terry Knapik 
left Calgary New Year's Eve for WHO's 
headquarters at the Palais des Nations. 
Before taking up their two-year appointments 
in Ghana and Gambia they will stop over 
at Brazzaville in the Congo for further 
orientation. 
Miss Svenningsen will be teaching psy_ 
chiatric nursing at the University of Ghana. 
This is pan of a two-year course for grad- 
uate nurses. Her duties will include develop- 
ing the mental health aspects of the cur- 
riculum and also training a native African 
counterpart. 
Two hundred miles away, Miss Knapik 
will be teaching public heaJth in the school 
of nursing at Bathurst. She will also train 
a native African counterpart and will be an 
advisor to the Minister of Public Health 
in Gambia. 
8 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


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Nurses Recognized by Order of St. John. Three prominent members of 
the nursing profession pause for a photograph in the foyer of Government 
House in Ottawa after the Annual Investiture of the Order of St. John in 
Nov.ember. They are, left to right: M. Pearl Stiver, former executive director 
of the Canadian Nurses' Association; M. Christine Livingston, former 
director-in-chief of the VON, and Margaret M. Hunter, chief nursing 
officer for St. John Ambulance in Canada. Miss Stiver and Miss Livingston, 
co-authors of St. John Ambulance's new Home Nursing textbook "Patient 
Care in the Home," which was released earlier this year, were honored 
with the rank of Commander Sister by the Order of St. John. 


Both nurses plan to remain with WHO 
following their tour of duty in West Africa. 


Home Care Topic for Institute 
Dalhousie University's school of nursing 
is sponsoring its 16th Annual Institute, 
February 8-10, 1967. 
The topic of the three-day workshop will 
be Co-Ordinated Home Care Programs. Mrs. 
Rosetta Lippe, assistant director of training 
and extended services in home care with 
New York's Montefiore Hospital, will be 
the conference leader. She will be assisted 
by members of the nursing and allied pro- 
fessions in the Atlantic provinces. 
The aim of this year's institute is to 
enable all branches of nursing to fully un- 
derstand Medicare's implications for home 
care. It will be held at the Victoria Gen- 
eral Hospital Nurses' Residence. Registration 
fee is $2.00. 


Medical Education 
Research Unit Established 
To find out what it takes to make a 
good doctor, the University of Toronto has 
established a medicaJ education research 
unit - the first in North America. 
The unit will include two medical doc- 
tors, one of whom is a professor of psy- 
chology and education, a data processing 
expert, and a statistician. They will seek 


answers to these questions: 
What are the quaJities needed in a mo- 
dern physician? 
What types of education, both general 
and specialized, will best prepare the doctor? 
What personal qualities are most likely 
to suit a student for the medical profes- 
sion? 
The research team does not expect to have 
the answers for about 10 years. 


Newfoundland Seminar 
"One of the Best" 
The recent two-day workshop sponsored 
by the ARNN'S committees on nursing edu- 
cation and nursing service has been termed 
"one of the best." 
It is the second workshop held this year 
and according to ARNN President Janet 
Story "enthusiasm and attendance exceeded 
expectations." There 
re over 226 regis- 
trants at the St. John's workshop and 100 
at the workshop in Gander. 
The seminar had as its theme "Analyzing 
Nursing Needs," with delegates discussing 
such topics as future planning to improve 
nursing care and team nursing. 
Consultant to the workshop was Mrs. 
Huguette Labelle, associate director of nurs- 
ing education at the Ottawa General Hos- 
pital. She addressed the delegates on the 
responsibilities of every team leader and 
emphasized the importance of such people 
in assuring good patient care. 
JANUARY 1%7 



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WHAT'S AN ANNUITY? 


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Your Canadian Government Annuity is fully 
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JANUARY 1%7 


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If on termination of employment you are due 
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 9 



news 


(Comil/lled fro", paRe 8) 


Canadian Welfare Council Says 
Action Needed to Increase 
Health Manpower 
The Canadian Welfare Council urges im- 
mediate action to increase Canada's health 
manpower and improve the di
tribution and 
quality of personal health services during 
the period before the Medical Care Act is 
implemented. 


This is the gisl of a resolution from the 
Council's Board of Governors. addressed to 
the federal government and circulated to 
provincial premiers and minislers of health 
and welfare. 


Commenting on Ihe resolution, B. M. 
Alexandor. Q.c.. president of the Council 
said: "Like most members of parliament, 
including those in the government. we very 
much regret any postponement in the date 
of implementation. Apart from other con- 
siderations. the connection between poverty 
and untreated ill health is all too obvious, 
and adequate health care measures are es- 
sential to any realistic attack on poverty. 


ONE-STEP PREP 


with 
FLEET ENEMA: 
single dose 
disposable unit 
FLEET ENEMA's fast prep time obsoletes soap and 
water procedures. The enema does not require warm- 
ing. It can be used at room temperature. It avoids the 
ordeal of injecting large quantities of fluid into the 
bowel, and the possibility of water intoxication. 
The patient should preferably be lying on the left side 
with the knees flexed, or in the knee-chest position. 
Once the protective cap has been removed, and the 
prelubricated anatomically correct rectal tube gently 
inserted, simple manual pressure on the container 
does the rest! Care should be taken to ensure that 
the contents of the bowel are completely expelled. Left 
: 
 
.. colon catharsis is normally achieved in two to five 
minutes, with little or no mucosal irritation, pain or 
spasm. If a patient is dehydrated or debilitated, 
hypertonic solutions such as FLEET ENEMA, must 
be administered with caution. Repeated use at short 
intervals is to be avoided. Do not administer to children 
under six months of age unless directed by a physician. 
And afterwards, no scrubbing, no sterilisation, no 
preparation for re-use. The complete FLEET ENEMA 
unit is simply discarded! 
Every special plastic "squeeze-bottle" contains 4Y2 
fl. oz. of precisely formulated solution, so that the 
adult dose of 4 fl. oz. can be easily expelled. A patented 
diaphragm prevents leakage and reverse flow, as well 
as ensuring a comfortable rate of administration. 
Each J 00 cc. of FLEET ENEMA contains: 
Sodium biphosphate. . . . . .. .... 16 gm. 
Sodium phosphate ................. 6 gm. 
For our brochure: "The Enema: Indications and Techniques", 
containing full information, write to: Professional Service 
Department, Charles E. Frosst & Co., P.O. Box 247, 
Monfreal 3, P.Q. 


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10 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



 


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'OUNDED IN CANADA IN 1Øgg 


Delay in improving health care is therefore 
most unfortunate, and we sincerely hope 
that il will be possible to advance the in- 
troduction of medicare from July I. 1968. 
We are also very concerned that prepara- 
lions for implementation and this. of 
course, means action by the provinces _ 
should not slow down in this interim 
period. It is all to easy to relax once the 
pressure of an urgent deadline is eased." 
On the question of health manpower and 
the dislribution and quality of services, Mr. 
Alexandor pointed out Ihat although the 
Medical Care Act provides the major mecha- 
nism for payment for medical care, strong 
concurrent action is needed on these other 
points if the program is to be truly ef- 
fective. 
.The Royal Commission on Health Serv- 
ices. while urging that initiation of a medi- 
cal care program should not wait for an 
increase in health service resources, never- 
theless strongly recommended a crash pro- 
gram to strengthen them", Mr. Alexandor 
said. "The Commission particularly referred 
to strengthening of health personnel, which 
is the first step in improving distribution and 
quality of services. We need to start now. 
through every means, public and private." 
Mr. Alexandor stated that the Council's 
resolution was prepared by its recently es- 
tablished Committee on the Health Aspects 
of Welfare. under the chairmanship of Dr. 
John E.F. Hastings of the University of 
Toronto School of Hygiene. 


Controversy Among Montreal's 
English-Speaking Nurses 
The English-speaking nurses of the Mon- 
treal region have decided to undertake 
collective bargaining to regulate their work- 
ing conditions. Thi
 change in attilUde 
toward colleclIve bargaining is partly because 
the Hospital Services Commission has tended 
to equalize salaries and working conditions 
throughout the province, and partly because 
the Association of Registered Nurses of the 
Province of Quebec has urged its members 
to use this means. 
At present two groups are competing to 
represent English-speaking nurses. The En- 
glish-speaking chapter of District 11 held 
a meeting on December 5, 1966, at which 
the members adopted a resolution urging 
the nurses of the chapter to form an asso- 
ciation to negotiate for working conditions. 
About 1,200 nurses were present at this 
meeting. During the following days, some 
5,000 nurses from the chapter were asked to 
vote in favor of the new Association and 
to sign a registration card. 
When this organizational procedure has 
been completed, the new association, which 
will most probably be called the United 
Nurses of Montreal, will immediately seek 
to become accredited as bargaining agent 
with the Labour Relations Board. 
(Continued on page /2) 
JANUARY 1967 



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news 


(Continued from page /0) 
The chapter president, Miss Moyra Allen 
told the press that the association will be 
independent of the large unions and will 
not resort to strike action. 
The Act regulating professional nursing 
in the Province of Quebe<:: stipulates in Ar- 
ticle 17 that "Each local association may 
negotiate. conclude and sign as agent. 
collective contracts or agreements with any 
category of employer." 
On the other hand, a group of nurses 
from the Jewish General Hospital. under 


the leadership of Miss Ruth Arnold, have 
already organized themselves, and have 
formed another organization known as the 
Metropolitan Association of Nurses. On 
November 24, 1966, this association asked 
for accreditation from the Labour Board 
and has begun recruiting nurses in other 
Montreal hospitals. 
At a meeting on December 8, 1966, this 
group declared that the chapter (through the 
United Nurses of Montreal) could not nego- 
tiate for nurses as a large number of its 
members were nurses who held administra- 
tive positions. Their lawyer. M. Marc La- 
pointe, also maintained that only the Metro- 
politan Association of Nurses could obtain 
the necessary accreditation to represent the 
nurses. According to Miss Arnold. the 


THE QUEEN'S PRINTER 


wishes to inform you that 
he is the exclusive sales agent 
in Canada for 19 International Organizations. 


Two of our International Organizations work for you and 
publish books intended for you. 


. WHO 
World Health Organization 


. FAO 
Food and Agriculture Organization 


Two of our International Organizations are concerned mainly 
with all aspects of the development of nations and human 
beings. 


. UN 
United Nations Organization 


. UNESCO 
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural 
Organization 


Would you like to know more about their work, their publica- 
tions ? 
Would you like to receive a catalogue of their reports on re- 
search? 


Write to: 


THE QUEEN'S PRINTER, 
Ottawa r Canada. 


12 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


district 11 Chapter should limit its actions 
to problems of a professional nature. 
It is premature to predict the outcome of 
these associations. The provincial association, 
the ANPQ. is not taking part in this debate; 
it is strictly a matter between the English- 
speaking chapter District 11 and the Metro- 
politan Association of Nurses as autonomous 
organizations. 


Baccalaureate Awards in '681 
Students aiming for baccalaureate degrees 
in nursing may be eligible for Canadian 
Nurses' Foundation awards if Parliament 
approves a proposed change in the Founda- 
tion's Letters Patent. 
At the CNF annual general meeting held 
Tuesday, December 6, 1966, at CNA House 
in Ottawa, it was proposed that the Founda- 
tion awards, formerly available only to 
those enrolled in master's or doctoral degree 
programs, be extended to cover those seek- 
ing baccalaureate degrees. 
A favorable vote carried the proposed 
amendment to the CNF Letters Patent. Un- 
anamously passed was a member's resolu- 
tion that the awards' selection committee 
give priority to students enrolled in master's 
and doctoral courses. 
Awards to baccalaureate students will not 
be available during the 1967-68 term since 
Parliamentary approval must be secured 
before the proposal can be implemented. 
Elected to serve on the new board during 
1967 and 1968 were M. Jean Anderson. 
Verna Huffman, Mrs. Eva T. McCutcheon 
and Alma Reid, and five members of the 
CNA Board of Directors: Dr. Katherine 
MacLaggan, Mrs. Helen P. Glass, Phyllis J. 
Lyttle, E. Louise Miner, and Janet Story. 
These new board members will serve two- 
year tenns as approved by constitutional 
amendment at the general meeting in 1965. 


Canadian Nurses at Expo 67 
Schools of nursing across Canada are 
cooperating with the Canadian Nurses' Asso- 
ciation in providing the nursing personnel 
necessary for its exhibit at Expo '67. 
Twenty-one graduate nurses and 78 stu- 
dent nurses. on a rotating basis, will staff 
the ultra-modern "Nurses" Station for 
Intensive Observation" in the Man and 
his Health Pavilion. 
Equipped with telemetering and recording 
devices, television monitors and inter-com- 
munication equipment, the station has been 
specially designed to show Expo's millions 
of visitors how nurses will be trained to 
maintain continuous observation of patients' 
respiration rate, pulse, electrocardiograph 
pattern, and other parameters in providing 
intensive care. 
The graduate nurses will wear uniforms 
specially designed for the occasion with pins 
and caps of their respective schools. Student 
nurses will be in the distinctive uniforms of 
their schools. A roster of the participating 
schools and hospitals will be on one wall of 
the exhibit. 


JANUARY 1967 



news 


New Immigrants Protected 
Against Hospital Bills 
Newly-landed Immigrants entering Ont- 
ario without hospital insurance will in 
future be able to obtain temporary pro- 
lection from Blue Cross until their govern- 
ment hospital insurance takes over. 
Hospital insurance regulations in Ontario 
:md most other Canadian provinces require 
new applicants to wait approximately three 
months before becoming eligible for bene- 
fits. Until now. no alternative coverage has 
been available during this interim period, 
and the individual immigrant (or his sponsor) 
ha
 been exposed to the possibility of heavy 
hospital bills. 
The new "Landed Immigrant"' plan re- 
cently announced by Ontario Blue Cross 
an
wers this threat by taking care of any 
hospital expenses up to a maximum of $30 
a day, the average daily hospital charge in 
Ontario. To obtain this coverage for a 
maximum period of 90 days (or until 
government hospital benefits become ef- 
fective. whichever is sooner). the individual 
immigrant will pay to Blue Cross one 
premium of $ 14.94. The cost to a family, 
consisting of husband. wife and unmarried 
children up to age 21. will be $28.98. As 
the "Landed Immigrant" coverage cannot be 
continued beyond 90 days, it will still be ne- 
cessary for an immigrant to apply for govern- 
ment hospital insurance immediately upon 
arrival here to avoid a gap in protection. 
Although the 90-day hospital coverage is 
at present available only to persons immi- 
grating to Ontario, Blue Cross Plans in other 
provinces have expressed interest in offering 

imilar protection to their own immigrants. 


Immunity Test 
for German Measles 
A test for detecting immunity to rubella. 
commonly known as German measles, has 
been developed by scientists of the U. S. 
Public Health Service's National Institutes of 
Health. The test, called hemagglutination-in- 
hibition (H-I), was developed in the Division 
of Biologics Standards' Laboratory of Viral 
Immunology of which Dr. Meyer is chief. 
The rubella H-I test employs the biolo- 
gical principle of hemagglutination or red 
blood cell clumping, used successfully in 

tudies on influenza and other diseases. Dr. 
Meyer and his co-workers found that special 
preparations of rubella virus cause the red 
blood cells of newly hatched chicks to 
clump. When they added a sample of 
blood from a person immune to German 
measles, the antibodies in the immune blood 
inhibited clumping. Thus. the inhibition of 
agglutination demonstrates the presence of 
antibody and immunity. 
The new test is so simple and reliable 
that a physician can determine within three 
JANUARY 1967 


Medical Care at Expo 67 


About 30,000 to 42,000 persons will 
require medical care during the six-month 
International Exhibition in Montreal this 
summer - and Expo 67 officials will 
be ready for them. 
Medical aid at Expo will be provided 
in two main types of facility: first aid 
stations and medical aid clinics. As well, 
more than 1,500 personnel will be pre- 
pared to administer emergency first aid 
treatment on the spot. 


Medical Aid Clinic 


Four Medical 
Aid clinics will 
be set up, one 
in each sector 
- Mackay Pier, 
lie Sainte-Hélè- 
ne, La Ronde, 
and TIe Notre- 
Dame. Each of 
these will be a 
IO-bed hospital with facilities and staff 
to care for patients for up to 24 hours. 
if necessary. 
Negotiations are in progress to have 
the clinics serve as an extension facility 
of four of the larger Montreal hospitals. 
Patients requiring longer term hospitaliza- 
tion or more intensive care than the lO- 
bed facility can offer will be transferred 
to one of the larger institutions. 
Clinics will have two wards - one of 
four beds, another of six - kitchen. re- 
ception. treatment and service rooms. 


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First Aid Posts 
As well as the clinics, there will be 


hours whether an expectant mother has anti- 
bodies against the disease. It is also capable 
of detecting immunity years after infection. 
The major hazard of rubella virus lies 
in the risk of its transmission to the fetus 
during early pregnancy, resulting in such 
defects as blindness. deafness. congenital 
hean disease. and brain involvement result- 
ing in mental retardation. 
Since the new immunity test is so inexpen- 
sive and easy to perform, it is expected to 
become routinely available in hospitals. 
health depanments. and other laboratories 
within the near future. 


leukemia and Mongolism 
Investigated 
A paper prepared by the National Cancer 
Institute. National Institutes of Health. 
Bethesda, Maryland, examines the effects 
of maternal age and binh order on the risk 
of mongolism and leukemia. Authors 
Charles Stark and Nathan Mantel study 
children born in Michigan during 1950-64. 
They discovered a striking association 
between maternal age and mongolism. but 


two first aid posts in each sector. These 
will be open from 9:00 a.m. to 1:00 a.m. 
and will be staffed by St. John Ambu- 
lance personnel. 
Many of the pavilions and exhibit 
areas are also planning first aid facilities. 
These will work 
closely with the 
Expo-sponsor- 
ed services. 
Six ambulances 
will be provided 
for transpon of 
patients on the 
Expo grounds 
and for taking 
patients to city hospitals. 


Forecasts 
Expo officials are expecting about 
270,000 people to visit the huge site 
each day. Based on statistics from the 
Brussels. New York, and cther major 
exhibitions. about 380 people will require 
treatment for first aid each day; I 15- ISO 
will be referred to Medical Aid Clinics; 
and about 8 to 20 will require hospitali- 
zation. Facilities are expected to handle 
this number with relative ease. 
The most common disorders anticipated 
to require medical care at Expo are: 
minor cuts, falls. sprains, heat stroke, 
hean attacks. food poisoning. drownings. 
and maternity cases. 
In addition, Expo has worked closely 
with the Quebec Government Emergency 
Measures Organization to prepare a dis- 
aster plan for the area. 


found that birth order did not independently 
affect the ri
k of mongolism. On the other 
hand, both maternal age and birth order 
independently affected the risk of death 
from leukemia. 
Risk of death from leukemia decreased 
with advancing birth order and increased 
with advancing maternal age. Except for the 
older maternal age groups, these trends for 
leukemia are in contrast to the effects of 
maternal age and binh order on death due 
to all causes. This contrast suggests that 
maternal age and binh order may be closely 
associated with the etiological agents of 
childhood leukemia. 


Ontario Hospital Receives Grant 
National Health and Welfare Minister 
Allan J. MacEachen has announced that a 
federal grant of $281,938 for the Leaming- 
ton District Memorial Hospital has been 
approved. The grant will assist construction 
and renovation programs for the hospital. 
A new addition will provide space for 
80 active treatment beds and 14 chronic 
care beds. 


(Continued on page 14) 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 13 



news 


(Continued from paRe 13) 


Renovations will improve patients' rooms 
in the existing building. They will also pro- 
vide for improving and expanding the kit- 
chen, x-ray depanment, laboratories, deliv- 
ery and operating rooms. 
The work is expected to be completed 
next month. 


Parents Enthusiastic 
About Hearing-Test Program 
A new program to detect hearing defects 
in newborn children has been launched at 
the Jewish General Hospital in Montreal. 
Dr. David Halperin, otolaryngologist-in- 
chief of the hospital. said the object of the 
program is to develop normal speech in the 
deaf child so that he may attend regular 
school classes by the time he reaches school 
age. "Until now, even though hearing loss 
in children could be detected at an early 
age, nothing could be done for them. This 
hearing loss resulted in development of 
speech defects," he said. 
Three different, small, ponable machines, 
which have recently become available, can 
test hearing ability within days after birth. 
This breakthrough makes it possible to in- 


stitute the corrective program at the hos- 
pital. When deafness is detected in a child 
at binh, he can now be supplied with a 
hearing aid by the time he is six months old. 
Parents of newborn children at the Jewish 
General Hospital have responded enthusias- 
tically to the project. Upon admission to 
hospital, the mother-to-be receives a bi- 
lingual leaflet explaining the program. 
The leaflet says that "the incidence of 
hearing loss at birth is very small - one out 
of a thousand newborns will have such a 
problem. If this one in a thousand is de- 
tected within the first few weeks after birth, 
the development of speech defe.::ts will be 
avoided by taking immediate and appro- 
priate training and educational measures." 
To test as many infants as possible, the 
hospital's clinic for communication disorders 
is working closely with its pediatric clinic 
and with the Herzl Health Service Centre. 
The cooperation of private pediatricians has 
also been obtained. 
The hearing testing program is twofold. 
Under the supervision of the hospital's au- 
diologist, Miss Sylvia Dubitsky, specially 
trained volunteers conduct tests either in 
the mother's room or in the nursery. After 
repeated testing to confirm the findings, 
any infant whose hearing is found to be 
impaired is sent to the McGill Project for 
Deaf Children for education and training. 
The McGill Proje.::t is under the direction of 


Facts about 
Registered Nurses 
in Canada 


Source: Research Unit, 
Canadian Nurses 
Association, 1966 


14 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


age 


Daniel Ling, fonnerly principal of the Oral 
School for the Deaf and a leading authority 
in his field. The Project is staffed by teach- 
ers specially trained for the work. 
The Royal Victoria and Queen Elizabeth 
Hospitals are both setting up hearing test- 
ing programs similar to that now in opera- 
tion at the Jewish General Hospital. 
"It is our ultimate aim to make it pos- 
sible for every child with congenital hearing 
defects to attend a regular school at school 
entrance age," said Dr. Halperin. "There 
is no need, with all the facilities available, 
for any child to be isolated as a handicapped 
individual." 


Anti-Smoking Measures Continue 
A Smoking Withdrawal Study Center has 
opened in Toronto under the direction of 
Dr. N. Delarue of the University of Toron- 
to and Dr. G. W. O. Moss, Deputy Medical 
Officer of Health for the City of Toronto. 
This experimental center hopes to deve- 
lop new approaches to assist adults to stop 
smoking as well as to determine reasons for 
the successes or failures observed. 
One of the basic objectives of the Can- 
adian Smoking and Health Program is to 
encourage smokers to discontinue the habit. 
Through health education it is also endea- 
voring to dissuade non-smokers from acquir- 
ing the habit. 



 


35 - 44: 20.3 % 


II 


45 - 54: 15.0 % 


g 


55 and over: 
10.5 % 


. 


Age not reported: 
7.9% 


&I 


24 & under: 12.7 % 


o 25 - 34: 33.7 % 


JANUARY 1967 



news 


PMAC Head Urges Stronger 
Patent Laws 
The Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Asso- 
ciation of Canada believes that stronger pat- 
ent laws are needed to encourage pharmaceu- 
tical production and research in Canada. 
Association president, Dr. Wm. W. Wigle, 
told the Commons Special Committee on 
Drug Costs and Prices recently that patents 
and the economic incentives they provide 
are essential to the discovery and continuing 
flow of health-restoring and life-saving phar- 
maceuticals. 
Stressing the dangers inherent in any sug- 
gestion that drug costs could be lowered by 
abolishing patents, Dr. Wigle said "from 
a therapeutic point of view it would be a 
medical catastrophe because research for 
new cures would be seriously arrested." He 
suggested that from an economic point of 
view it would destroy a growing industry 
and reduce it to nothing more than a collec- 
tion of import houses and imitators. 
PMAC's patent advisor, Gordon Hender- 
son, Q. c., pointed out to the committee 
that a patent not only encourages inven- 
tion through research but constitutes an 
incentive to production. "The abolition of 
patents would lead to the Canadian market 
becoming dependent upon foreign producers 
with the risk that necessary drugs might be- 
come unavailable in times of great need," he 
said. 
The association recommends that patent 
protection for drugs be strengthened by per- 
mitting patents on drug products rather than 
just on manufacturing processes as at present. 


Manitoba Doctors Want 
Higher Pay 
Manitoba doctors have threatened to with- 
draw from the province's doctor-operated 
medical insurance plan unless their demands 
for higher remuneration are met. 
The Manitoba Medical Service covers 
about 600,000 of the province's 1,000,000 
people. Doctors now receive payment on the 
basis of 80 percent of their operating fee 
schedule. They want 100 percent and threa- 
ten to withdraw from the plan by July I, 
1967, if they do not get it. 
At a special meeting of the Manitoba Me- 
dical Association, some 200 doctors endorsed 
a resolution by president-elect, Dr. G. E. 
Mosher, asking that MMS achieve full pay- 
ment of the fee schedule by mid-1967. 
According to Dr. Mosher, the pro-rating 
principle was used when MMS was establi- 
shed because it was needed to keep the ser- 
vice solvent and the service was intended 
for low-income subscribers. "We cannot 
stand aside and idly watch economic factors 
wear away our standards until we are giving, 
and are receiving, assembly-line medicine." 
Dr. Mosher said that if the MMS failed 
JANUARY 1967 


to comply with the resolution, he would 
ask every doctor in Manitoba for a signed, 
undated letter, opting out of the plan. 
If the doctors' demand is met, it could 
mean an increase in MMS subscriber fees of 
between 20 and 25 percent. 
Doctors say if !hey pull out of MMS, 
their services will still be available to their 
patient
 - but on a direct basis. 


U.S. Study Reveals Shortage 
of Hospital Personnel 
A new study of health manpower sup- 
ply and needs in United States' hospitals 
reveals significant shortages in all categories 
of professional and technical personnel. 
The U.S. Department of Health, Educa- 
tion and Welfare announced recently that 
comprehensive information on hospital man- 
power is now available from a study made 
jointly by the American Hospital Associa- 
tion and the Public Health Service. 
The study was made to determine the 
number of personnel employed, current 
vacancies, and estimates of personnel needs. 
Data from the first 4,600 hospitals which 
reported have been used to estimate totals 
for all 7,100 hospitals in the United States 
registered by the American Hospital Asso- 
ciation. These reports indicate that the total 
number of professional, technical, and auxi- 
liary personnel employed in hospitals is 
about 1.4 million. About 275,000 additional 
professional and technical personnel would 


In the Nightingale Tradition 
I' 


\ 




 


At a dinner party in Victoria, British 
Columbia, 40 members of the Victo- 
ria Unit of the Nursing Sisters' Asso- 
ciation of Canada heard Mrs. G. 
Stewart, who was dressed to repre- 
sent Florence Nightingale, read an 
address originally given by Miss 
Nightingale to her students at St. 
Thomas' Hospital, England, in 1881. 
The theme of the evening was "Cen- 
tennial," and many of those attend- 
ing wore period costumes. 


be needed to provide optimum patient care, 
an increase of about 20 percent over present 
staffing. Over 80,000 more professional 
nurses and more than 40,000 practical 
nurses are needed. Some 50,000 aides are 
needed in general hospitals; another 30,000 
in psychiatric institutions. Over 9,000 more 
medical technologists, almost 7,000 social 
workers, and about 4,000 more physical 
therapists, x-ray technologists, and surgical 
technicians are needed. 
Most urgent needs are for nurses, practical 
nurses, and aides. High on the urgent list, 
too, are medical technologists, laboratory 
assistants, radiologic technologists, dietitians, 
physical therapists, occupational therapists, 
and social workers. 


Cmadian-Designed Device 
Measures Hidden Skull Pressure J 
A University of Saskatchewan biomedical 
engineering student has developed a device 
to measure intracranial pressure precisely. 
The instrument, created by Gerald Wade, 
was described at the Canadian Medical and 
Biological Engineering Conference in Otta- 
wa. It may permit diagnosis of such serious 
conditions as hydrocephalus in infants be- 
fore brain damage occurs. 
A fluid-filled transducer is placed against 
the fontanelle. The transducer feeds into 
an electronic recording device that gives a 
dial reading. The instrument makes 20 se- 
parate determinations of the cerebrospinal 
fluid and provides a visual readout of the 
average fluid. 
The device is presently being used as a 
research instrument. Mr. Wade sees wide 
potential use for it in routine screening of 
newborn infants for the detection of ab- 
normal intracranial pressures. 


Two-Day Conference Set on 
Rural Health 
Rural-urban Health Relationships will be 
the theme of the 20th National Conference 
on Rural Health to be held March 10-11, 
1967, at Charlotte, North Carolina. 
The conference will explore new needs and 
report on new developments in community 
planning and responsibility for health fa- 
cilities and services; future patterns of per- 
sonal health care; rural accident prevention 
and first aid instruction; and health man- 
power - planning and utilizing. 
There is no registration fee for the con- 
ference, which will convene at 9:00 A.M.. 
Friday, March 10. Registration opens at 
7:30 A.M.. March 10. 
Cooperating organizations include Co- 
operative Extension Services, Farm Organi- 
zations, Medical Associations and Auxilia- 
ries, Health Departments, Allied Health Or- 
ganizations, Women's Groups, Agricultural 
News Media, and Continuing Education 
Groups. 
Further details are available from the 
Council on Rural Health, American Medical 
Association, S3S North Dearborn Street, 
Chicago, Illinois, 60610. 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 1S 



names 


With "no intention 
of reminiscing about 
past efforts, past fai- 
lures, missed opportu- 
nities. small accom- 
plishments," Dorothy 
M. Percy retires. J an- 
uary 6, 1967, as chief 
nursing consultant for 
the Department of 
National Health and Welfare. 
Her many friends. admirers and colleagues 
who honored her at a testimonial dinner 
last September did not share her concepts 
of herself. 
She was recognized by Katherine Mac- 
Laggan, president of CNA, as "a woman 
who is an advisor on nursing, a consultant 
on nursing, a remarkable nurse, a pioneer, 
a success in the eyes of her peers and a 
recipient of love." 
Miss Percy, born and educated in Ottawa, 
began her nursing career in 1924 with her 
graduation from the Toronto General Hos- 
pital School of Nursing. The following 
year she qualified in public health nursing at 
the University of Toronto. 
Before joining the Victorian Order of 
Nurses in 1927, Miss Percy served as head 
nurse in the medical ward of the Ottawa 
Civic Hospital. It was while she was in 
charge of publicity at national office that 
Miss Percy organized the VON's first mari- 
onette show at the Toronto Exhibition. 
From 1934 to 1941 she was part of the 
teaching faculty of the University of Toron- 
to. Immediately following her teaching 
career, Miss Percy enlisted with RMAC, and 
after a year at the Camp Borden Military 
Hospital. proceeded overseas to Canadian 
General Hospitals in Great Britain. She re- 
turned to Canada in 1944 and was appointed 
matron at the Petawawa Military Hospital. 
Following the war, Dorothy Percy served 
as executive secretary of the Division of 
Health of the Welfare Council of Toronto. 
A year later. 1947. she was appointed to 
head the new division of nursing under the 
Department of National Health and Welfare. 
In 1953, Miss Percy was appointed chief 
nursing consultant to the Department of 
National Health and Welfare, in which ca- 
pacity "she has been called upon to inter- 
pret government policy and suggest the ap- 
propriate ways and means of attaining objec- 
tives." 


" 


""':; , 


.
 


- 


... 


Plans for retirement? Miss Percy says, ". 
can't answer that at the moment. I'm much 
too busy getting down to the dreary chore 
of cleaning out desk drawers and filing 
cabinets!" 


16 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Mildred Irene Wal- 
ker, senior nursing 
consultant in the occu- 
pational health divi- 
sion of the National 
Health and Welfare 
Department, retired 
November 30. 1966. 
Her busy and vari- 
ed nursing career be- 
gan in 1924 with her graduation from the 
Victoria Hospital School of Nursing. Lon- 
don. Ontario. The following year, Miss 
Walker received her certificate in public 
health nursing from the University of West- 
ern Ontario. 
Miss Walker's nursing career has been 
largely administr.ative. Following a short 
period of private duty nursing at Victoria 
Hospital, London, Ontario. she became a 
public health nurse in the town of Weston, 
Ontario. 
After two years she joined the staff of 
the Ontario department of health where she 
worked for three years. In 1930 Miss Walker 
joined the faculty of the University of West- 
ern Ontario as a lecturer. She later became 
an assistant professor of nursing and served 
as chief of the division of study for gradu- 
ate nurses in the Institute of Public Health 
at the University. 
Upon completion of her advanced study 
at Columbia University, New York. Miss 
Walker accepted the position of supervising 
nurse at Phillips Electrical Company, Brock- 
ville. Ontario. 
In 1949 Miss Walker became senior nurs- 
ing consultant in the occupational health 
division of the Department of National 
Health and Welfare. Ottawa. In this posi- 
tion she was responsible for developing the 
present industrial nursing program. 
On her retirement. November 30, 1966. 
Miss Walker was looking forward to "the 
first leisurely Christmas in years. and future 
enjoyment of a summer cottage on the St. 
Lawrence River." 


" 


... 


A new member has 
joined the editorial 
staff of THE CANADIAN 
NURSE. Carla Dianne 
Penn, born in London. 
England, received her 
education in Canada. 
She attended the Uni- 
versity of Ottawa 
where she recently re- 
ceived her B.A. (English). Miss Penn as- 
sumed the position of editorial assistant 
in October. This is a new editorial position 
created to help meet the journal's expand- 
ing needs. 


--. 
- 


Cathryn Lillian Mar- 
tin, a native of Tex- 
as, joined the staff of 
McMaster University 
School of Nursing in 
Hamilton, Ontario. 
this year. This is a first 
Canadian position for 
Miss Martin, who is a 
graduate of the School 
of Nursing of Tuskegee Institute, Alabama. 
She also holds a B.Sc.N. from the Institute 
and an M.A. in curriculum and teaching 
maternal-child health from Columbia Uni- 
versity. New York. In 1965 she obtained 
her master of education with a major in 
guidance. 
Prior to her appointment as assistant profes- 
sor of nursing at McMaster, Miss Martin 
held positions in various hospitals and 
schools of nursing in Texas, including her 
most recent as assistant professor at the 
Tuskegee Institute. 


- 


A. Joyce Bailey re- 
cently assumed the po- 
sition of assistant di- 
rector of nursing ser- 
vice at The Wellesley 
Hospital, Toronto Ont- 
ario, Miss Bailey, a 
1956 graduate of The 
I Wellesley Hospital 
School of Nursing, re- 
ceived her B.Sc.N. from the University of 
Toronto in 1964. The following year she 
was awarded the Canadian Nurses' Founda- 
tion Scholarship and is presently completing 
her thesis for Western Reserve University, 
Cleveland, Ohio. 
Prior to her present position as assistant 
director of nursing service, Miss Bailey 
worked at various levels on the staff of The 
Wellesley Hospital, including general staff 
nurse, assistant head nurse and head nurse. 


Rita J. Lussier has 
been appointed nurs- 
ing coordinator at the 
Expo '67 pavillion 
__ "Man and His Health." 
Miss Lussier gradu- 

 ated from the School 
of Nursing of the Mai- 
sonneuve Hospital and 
later obtained nursing 
experience in cardiac surgery at the Mon- 
treal Children's Hospital. She received her 
baccalaureate in nursing science from J'lnsti- 
tut Marguerite d'Y ouville in 1962. During 
the next three years, Miss Lussier taught at 
the School of Nursing at the Maisonneuve 
JANUARY 1967 



names 


Hospital, ,md in 1965 ....,IS named ,I'sistant 
director of nursing service in charge of the 
inservice teaching program. 
Miss Lussier is on loan to Expo from the 
Maisonneuve Hospital. 


Lieutenant Colonel 
Muriel E. Everett. ad- 
ministrator of the 
Salvation Army Grace 
General Hospital. SI. 
St. James. Manitoba. 
recently received a fel- 

 lowship in the Amer- 
ican College of Ho-.- 
pital Administrators. 
Lieul. Colonel Everett, a native of Perth, 
Au
tralia. served with the Australian Forces 
in the Far East as a nursing sister and held 
various appointments in her homeland be- 
fore moving to Canada in 1951. She has 
held various positions in Canada. chiefly of 
an administrative nature. and has been ad- 
ministrator of the Grace General since I 96:!. 


Another addition to 
the McMaster Univer- 
sity School of Nursing 
staff is Gertrude Fran- 
ces Burns. Miss Burns, 
a graduate of the 
Marymount School of 
Nursing, Sudbury Gen- 
eral Hospital, Sudbury, 
Ontario, is a lecturer 
in medical-surgical nursing. 
After graduation Miss Burns worked as 
staff nurse on medical and surgical nursing 
wards at the Sudbury General Hospital. In 
1964 she went to McGill University in 
Momreal where she obtained a diploma in 
supervision and teaching and her bachelor's 
degree in nursing and nursing education. 
Between her university sessions and until 
her present appointment as lecturer, Miss 
Burns worked at The Montreal General 
Hospital. 



 
..J. 

 
-I 


.... 


.... 


The new director of nursing at the Kirk- 
land and District Hospital, Kirkland Lake. 
Ontario is Annikki Huhtanen. 
Miss Huhtanen. a 1940 graduate of the 
School of Nursing in Viipuri, Finland, 
served in the Finninsh Army nursing service 
for four years following graduation. The 
next four years she worked as a staff nurse 
at the Central Military Hospital, Helsinki. 
Miss Huhtanen moved to Canada in 1949. 
and immediately began nursing at The 
Montreal General Hospital. After four years 
she moved to the Temiskaming Hospital. 
Temiskaming, Quebec, and in 1955 she 
moved again, this time to the Stevenson 
Memorial Hospital, Alliston. Ontario. 
In 1960 Miss Huhtanen returned to Fin- 
land where she completed a course for di- 


JANUARY 1967 


rector
 and administrators in the nur,ing 
field. Upon her return to Canada, she be- 
came director of nursing. as well as super- 
visor-administrator at the Cottage Hospital. 
Uxbridge. Ontario. 
Now in Kirkland Lake, Miss Huhtanen 
takes over supervisory dUlie
 from Miss 
Gertrude Koivll. who is no.... working to- 
ward her nursing degree in Montreal. 
The new director of nursing spent two 
years in postgraduate study: one year in 
cero-bacteriology and one year in laboratory 
work in clinical hem otology. 
Her new duties include the charge of the 
nursing staff of 124 as well as responsibiiity 
for the staff of the central supply service 
and the operating room personnel. 


Grace Elisabeth Ter- 
ry, a 1963 graduate 
of the Victoria Hospi- 
tal. London, Ontario. 
is a new lecturer in 
nursing at Hamilton"s 
.J J McMaster University. 

 The past three years 
have been busy for 
Miss Terry. In 1964 she received her 
B.Sc.N. in nursing education from the Uni- 
versity of Western Ontario in London; 
throughout 1965 and 1966 she held positions 
as part-time lecturer in nursing at McMaster, 
general duty nurse at the Henderson Gen- 
eral Hospital, Hamilton, and, finally, as- 
sistant head nurse in the same hospital. 


Margaret G. Arnstein, well-known to 
Canadian nurses for her leadership in the 
profession, has retired from the U.S. Public 
Health Service to accept a professorship 
with the School of Public Health at the 
University of Michigan. 
As nurse director in the Service's Com- 
missioned Corps, Miss Arnstein had been 
heading a nursing unit to serve health pro- 
grams of the Agency for International 
Development, with special emphasis on the 
nurse and midwife role in the new programs 
of population control and nutrition. Her 
previous assignment was to the Rockefeller 
Foundation AID-Study of the preparation 
of health manpower in developing countries. 
From 1949 to 1964, Miss Arnstein direct- 
ed programs that promoted the effective 
utilization and expansion of nursing service 
skills in all the States, that stimulated and 
supported the advancement of research in 
nursing, and that influenced the improve- 
ment and growth of nursing education. She 
was instrumental in the development of both 
the U.S. Nurse Training Act of 1964 and 
the earlier legislation providing Federal 
traineeships to enable nurses to receive the 
educational preparation necessary for leader- 
ship positions. 
A graduate of the Presbyterian Hospital 
School of Nursing, New York, Miss Arn- 
stein earned her baccalaureate degree at 


. 


.. 



 



 


\ 


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have avoided if I'd known about COR- 
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group from Grandma to ten-year-old 
daughter." - Mrs. E.H. 
CORRECTOL has been 'Specially developed 
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two gentle ingredients in CORRECTOL 
give a woman effective relief, even fol- 
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CORRECTOL 


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COLOR SLIDE PROGRAMS 
ON: COLOSTOMY 
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Contoin anatomicol diagrams and phOfos 
demonstrating fhe step-by-step procedures 
for properly coring for the patient posf- 
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TO: UNITEO SURGICAL SUPPLIES CO., INC. 
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pleose send me your FREE 
descriptive literature :# 738 C.N. 
NAME: 
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PQRf CHESTER NEW VOR
 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 17 



POSEY BELT No. 4157 
This Posey Belt may be used on a patient in 
a chair or bed. When used on a patient in a 
chair, it is slipped over the patient's head with 
the 51 iding section of the belt in the front of 
the patient. The long strap goes in back of the 
patient; the ends are taken back of the chair 
and hooked together. When this Posey Belt is 
usen on a patient in bed, it is sl ipped over the 
patient's head with the long strap at the pa- 
tient's back. Tl,e snaps on the belt are hooked 
to a strap with a liD" ring which has been 
attached to the spring rail of the bed_ Made of 
2" heavy webbing. May be laundered. Avail. 
able in small, medium and large sizes. No. 
4157. $9.90 ea. 


., (') 0 
. . . 


THE POSEY MITT 
To limit patient's hand activity. An adjustable 
strap attached to the mitt and the side rail ot 
the spring determine limit of movement. Can 
be laundered by ordinary methods. Comforta- 
ble, and prevents patient's scratching, pulling 
out catheter, nasal tube, etc. Available Small, 
Medium and Large. No. C-212-(both sides 
flexible) $6.30 each - $12.60 per pair. No. 
R-212-(palm side rigid) $6.60 each-$13.20 
per pair. 


, 


'i 


'. - 


. $'''' 
, - . 
.'i1 ( .t - 
" .' 4" 
...",
ð'"r 


... 


........ 


". 


WRIST OR ANKLE RESTRAINT 
A friendly restraint available in infant, small, 
medium and large sizes. Alsi widely used for 
holding extremity during intravenous injection 
No. P-450, $6.00 per pair, $12.00 per set. With 
DECUBITUS padding, No. P.450A, $7.00 per 
pair, $14.00 per set. 
POSEY PRODUCTS 
Stocked in Canada 
B. C. HOLLINGSHEAD LIMITED 
64 Gerrard Street, E. 
Toronto 2, Canada 


18 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


names 


(C01lt;I/I/Cc/ from pagc /7) 


Smith College, her master of arts in public 
health nursing from Columbia University, 
and her master of public health from the 
Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and 
Public Health. She holds honorary degrees 
of doctor of science from Smith College and 
Wayne State University. 
Arlene Elizabeth Aish, Catherine Shirley 
MacLeod, Hazel Lillian Salmon, Sally Jane 
Miller, and Judith Anne Ritchie have re- 
cently joined the teaching staff of the School 
of Nursing, University of New Brunswick 
in Fredericton. 


Arlene Aish, a 1958 graduate of the SchOûI 
of Nursing, University of British Colum- 
bia, worked as staff nurse at the Vancouver 
General Hospital and as public health nurse 
with the Toronto Department of Health 
before continuing her studies. In 1961 she 
obtained her master of nursing from the 
University of Washington, Seattle, and 
worked for the next four years as a lecturer 
at the University of Toronto School of 
Nursing. Miss Aish is presently an assistant 
professor at the School of Nursing, Uni- 
versity of New Brunswick. 


Shirley Macleod, a native of Denmark, 
Nova Scotia, received her training at the 
l'"foncton Hospital School of Nursing in 
1949. The following year she completed an 
obstetrical clinical course at the Margaret 
Hague Maternity Hospital in Jersey City. 
N.J. The next seven years Miss MacLeod 
spent as obstetrical supervisor at the Monc- 
ton Hospital. Before taking up her new ap- 
pointment as lecturer at the University of 
New Brunswick School of Nursing, Miss 
MacLeod received her baccalaureate degree 
from McGill University and was obstetrical 
clinical instructor at the Moncton Hospital 
School of Nursing. 


.. 


Hazel Salmon, a 1946 graduale of The 
Montreal General Hospital School of 
Nursing, has covered much territory in her 
nursing career. After receiving a certificate 
in public health nursing from McGill Uni- 
versity, Miss Salmon spent three years as 

taff nurse with the New Brunswick Depart- 
ment of Health. From 1952 to 1955 she 

erved with the Victorian Order of Nurses 
in Woodstock, New Brunswick. Miss Salmon 
Ihen headed north to work with the Indian 
and Northern Health Services in White- 
horse, Yukon, for two years as public 
he ,11th nurse and then went west to the 
Calgary area for two years in the same 
capacity. In 1962 she obtained her bachelor 
of nursing from Dalhousie University, N.S.. 
and in 1964 her master of (applied) science 
from McGill. Prior to her present appoint- 
ment as lecturer at the School of Nursing. 


University of New Brunswick, Miss Salmon 
was supervisor of nursing with the Temis- 
kaming Health Unit, Kirkland Lake, Onto 
Sally Jane Miller, from Edmundston, New 
Brunswick, graduated from the School of 
Nursing, University of New Brunswick in 
1964. Following graduation, she worked as 
general duty nurse at the Hotel-Dieu de 
Saint-Joseph in Edmundston. Her new po- 
sition is clinical instructor at the University 
of New Bnmswick School of Nursing. 
Judith Ritchie is another new clinical in- 
structor at the U.N.B. School of Nursing. 
Miss Ritchie obtained her B.N. from the 
University of New Brunswick in 1965 and 
spent the following year as general duty 
nurse at the Montreal Children's Hospital. 
Margaret Harrison, Norma Jaenen, Edythe 
Huffman, Marie Knelsen, and Jessie Hibbert 
were recently appointed to the School of 
Nursing Faculty at the Calgary General 
Hospital. Returning to the Faculty after 
completion of studies are Coralea Toney, 
Elaine Parfitt, Barbara Dobbie and Judy Ban- 
natyne. 
Mrs. Harrison, a graduate in nursing 
science at the University of British Co- 
lumbia, is leaching surgical nursing. 
Mrs. Jaenen, an instructor in orthopedic 
nursing, obtained her B.Sc.N. from the Uni- 
versity of Saskatchewan. 
l'"frs. Huffman, a former graduate of the 
School of Nursing. Calgary General Hos- 
pital, served as senior health nurse in the 
Flin Flon, l'"fanitoba Health Unit, and also 
worked with the Winnipeg Health De p.! rt- 
ment prior to her new position. She is pre- 
sently instructor in obstetrical nursing. 
Mrs. Knelsen, another graduate of the 
School of Nursing, Calgary General Hospi- 
tal, obtained a diploma in public health 
nursing from the University of l'"faniloba. 
She is assistant instructor in nursing arls and 
also teaches pharmacology. 
Mrs. Hibbert, a new instructor in psychi- 
atric nursing, graduated from the Winnipeg 
General Hospital School of Nursing. She 
later attended the San Francisco State Col- 
lege where she earned her B.A. in nursing 
and her M.A. in education. At UCLA Mrs. 
Hibbert obtained her Master's in psychiatric 
nursing. 
l'"fiss Toney, a graduate of the Winnipeg 
General Hospital School of Nursing, has re- 
turned to the Calgary General Hospital 
School of Nursing after completing her 
bachelor of nursing degree at McGill. She 
is instructor in gynecology. 
Mrs. Parfitt. who recently compleled her 
B.Sc.N. at Ihe University of Alberta is teach- 
ing growth and development. ophthamology, 
and urology. 
Miss Dobbie, an instructor in pediatric 
nursing, obtained her bachelor of nursing 
degree from McGill University in Montreal. 
Mrs. Bannatyne, an instructor in medical 
nursing, recently earned her bachelor of 
science in nursing degree from the Uni- 
versity of Alberta. 


JANUARY 1967 



names 


An Honorary Life Membership in the 
Nova Scotia Branch of The Canadian Public 
Health Association was awarded recently to 
Edna Pitts who retired from public health 
nursing in 1964. 
The award was made in recognition of 
her "diligent and conscientious approach to 
nursing care" and for her many years of 
devoted service to public health nursing 
in Nova Scotia. 
Miss Pitts' busy nursing career began 
with her graduation from St. Mary's Hos- 
pital, Brooklyn, New York. A course in 
public health nursing at Columbia Univer- 
sity prepared her for the position of public 
health nurse with the Provincial Depart- 
ment of Health in Cape Breton, where she 
worked for two years. In 1939 she was 
transferred to the staff of Lunenburg- 
Queens-Shelburne Division and, in 1955, to 
the Atlantic Health Unit, a position she 
held until her retirement in 1964. 
Miss Pitts wiII long be remembered for 
her "family centered" approach to nursing 
and for her keen interest in the affairs of 
the community in which she worked. 


Anita Germaine has been appointed director 
:>f nursing service at the Scarborough Cen- 
enary Hospital, West HiII, Ontario. 
Miss Gennaine is a graduate of the Gen- 

ral Hospital School of Nursing. Pembroke, 
Ontario. Her experience includes nursing 
iervice, nursing education, and employment 
in various levels of management in a large 
ransportation industry. 
On her return from England in 1960, 
,he was assistant dean and consultant for 
an air career school, primarily interested in 
procedure, manuals and methods of per- 
ionnel training for various transportation 
agencies in Canada and Africa. 
Miss Gennaine joined the staff of Scar- 
borough General Hospital in 1963 as an 
instructor in the registered nurse assistant 
school, and from 1964 to 1966 was asso- 
::iate director of nursing service, coordinator 
of staff development and education pro- 
grams, and responsible for management de- 
velopment training within the hospital. 


Dianne J. Hoffinger and Alma M. Daisley 
were both awarded $1,000 bursaries from 
the Saskatchewan Registered Nurses' Asso- 
.:JÌation. 
Miss Hoffinger, a native of Regina, Sas- 
katchewan, is presently completing her 
nursing degree at the University of Al- 
berta in Edmonton. 
Miss Daisley, a 1963 graduate of the Sas- 
katoon City Hospital School of Nursing, is 
presently in her final year of the nursing 
program at the University of Western On- 
tario, London. 
The SRNA bursary fund was established 
JANUARY 1967 


in 1964 10 provide financial assistance for 
registered nurses in postgraduate studies or 
in the final years of baccalaureate programs. 
The fund is financed from interest received 
from association investments and from dona- 
tions and endowments. 


The 1966 winner of the ARNN bursary 
is Donna Le Drew. The $150 bursary, offered 
by the Gander Chapter of the Association 
of Registered Nurses of Newfoundland, is 
to be offered annually to a student in the 
Gander area who has been accepted at one 
of the schools of nursing. Miss Le Drew 
commenced her nursing education at the 
General Hospital, St. John's, this October. 


Louise Dupuis, in her final year at the Uni- 
versity of Ottawa School of Nursing, and 
Verna Jardine, at the University of New 
Brunswick School of Nursing, were both 
awarded the Muriel Archibald Scholarship. 
Valued at $500, this scholarship is presented 
by the New Brunswick Association of Regis- 
tered Nurses. 


Carolyn Wilson and Annette Frenette have 
been awarded NBARN scholarships of $500 
each. Miss Wilson is presently attending the 
University of New Brunswick School of 
Nursing while Miss Frenette is continuing 
her studies at the University of Moncton 
School of Nursing. 


Ethel R, Irwin has been appointed senior 
consultant in public health nursing in the 
Local Health Services Branch, Toronto. For 
two years prior to taking up her new duties, 
Miss Irwin was regional consultant in public 
health nursing, London, Ontario. 
A graduate of the Toronto General Hos- 
pital School of Nursing, Miss Irwin obtained 
her certificate in administration and super- 
vision from the University of Toronto 
School of Nursing. In 1954 she joined the 
Temiskaming Health Unit and in 1956 was 
appointed regional supervisor in Northern 
Ontario. 
Mis Irwin returned to her studies in 1957 
as a student at Teachers' College, Columbia 
University. She obtained her Bachelor of 
Science degree in 1961. 


Dr, Philip Banister has been appointed doc- 
tor at the Child and Maternal Health Divi- 
sion of the Department of Health and 
National Welfare. A specialist on pediatrics, 
Dr. Banister will help to complete the pub- 
lication on standards of hospital care for 
mothers and their newborn infants. He will 
also be active in preparing the first national 
conference on maternal and infant hygiene, 
which will take place next year in Ottawa. 
Born in England, Dr. Banister received 
his medical degree from Edinbourgh Uni- 
versity, Scotland. He specialized in pediatrics 
at the Montreal Children's Hospital as well 
as in the United States and Italy. D 


'-J--" 


R
 Namt Poo rJ 
Preferred by Nurses Everywhere! J # 
. i 

: No. 
j 510 


ANN COHN, loP. N. 
- OOR\ 5 V,..... 
M\SS "EM) NURSE 
[ 


No. 
100 


\rõR. JO

\t)EN1 
,i
 
I LSON, R. N. 
-
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. f. J'.' · 
r tJ.RS'
PËR'J\SOR 
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No. 
169 


Largesl selling among nurses I Superb lifelime qua- 
lity . .. smoolh rounded edges... fealherweighl, 
lies flal. . . deeply engraved, and lacquered. Snow- 
white plastic will not yellow. Satisfaction guaran- 
leed. GROUP DISCOUNTS. " write for full color 
order envelopes, group prices. 
SMART IDEA: Order 2 idonlical (samo name) Pins 
at dilcount price., at precaution qoin.t 10.. and 
added convenience 
(I..s changing). 


With 1 line Wit" 2 lines 
lellerml lelleflnl 


1 Pin ani, .60 .90 
2 Idenllell 1.00 1.60 
1 Pin onl, 1.25 1.55 
2 Identlc
1 2.00 2.60 


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ap. lè 

 


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Now remove and retas. 
ten cap band instanlly 
for launder in I or 
replacement! Delicately 
melded Cap. Toes are in. 
conspicuOUs front and 
back, yet sturdy far 
years of service. 
Choose Black. Dk. Blue or Clear 
plastic with tmy gold caduceus 
mot,f. __ or Sohd Black (no gOld) 



 

 

 



 


6 
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TO, RUYE$ COMPA"Y, AtlleÞoro. Mass. 02703 


STYLE DESIRED, No. o. .hown obove. 
METAL FINISH (169 or 100) Gold 0 Silver 0 
LETTERING COLOR, Block 0 Dark Blue 0 


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NOTE: Order for 1. '2 or 3 persons on above 
coupon. . . U5e extra sheet for more. 
"Dilleren'" fdeas for Gills and f;lvors. Too! 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 19 



{ 


A New Text! 


Kallins 
TEXTBOOI< OF 
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING 


Here is an effective new approach to public health 
nursing. stressing usable facts and principles of 
public health rather than theory. Designed for courses 
in Public Health Nursing, this new text integrates 
essential principles of the science of public health with 
the major areas of nursing knowledge and practice. 
Precise, readily understood discussions give students 
clear, effective guidelines and principles upon which 
to base their nursing diagnosis and intervention 
for the protection of health as well as prevention of 
disease and disability. You will find up-to-the-minute 
evaluations of current solutions to such new 
public health problems as mental health, drug 
addiction, alcoholism, air pollution control, poison 
and radiation control, housing and slum situations, 
rehabilitation, control of heart disease and cancer, 
as well as nursing education. TEXTBOOK OF 
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING sheds new light on 
the growing dimension of this specialized area of 
nursing practice and gives the student nurse a 
thorough understanding of her potential role in the 
various public health areas. You will appreciate the 
flexible design of this new text, and its adaptability to 
your individual classroom situation. 


By ETHEL L. KALLINS, R.N., B.S., M.P.H., Assistant Professor 
of Public Health and Public Health Nursing, St. Joseph College, 
Division of Nursing, Emmitsburg, Maryland. Publication date: 
January, 1967. Approx. 375 pages, 6Yz" x 9Yz", 57 illustrations. 
About $8.10. 
20 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


1
we · 


lf6" fPttJ' 
wid a ð4 


tIteVt 
 


tie fUVU 


New 2nd Edition! 


Heckel-Jordan 
PSYCHOLOGY 
The Nurse and the Patient 


The new 2nd edition of this stimulating textbc 
has been revised and updated to give the nurs, 
a working knowledge of psychology so that sl 
in turn, can deal more effectively with the mar 
of patients she encounters. This text can hell 
students clearly see the importance of psychol 
in achieving satisfactory nurse-patient relation 
Designed for basic courses in psychology in b( 
diploma and degree programs in Schools of 
Professional Nursing, this new 2nd edition ha
 
carefully revised to provide a completely curn 
in-depth presentation of general psychology æ 
relates to the field of nursing. Extremely read 
easy to understand, this new edition can help 1 
student relate psychological principles to her ( 
experiences as a student, as a nurse and as a p 
This edition examines its subject in greater de 
than the previous edition and includes all tht 
views and concepts. An entirely new chapter 
on sensation can provide your students with a 
understanding of this subject. 


By ROBERT V. HECKEL, B.S., M.S., Ph.D., Professor of F 
Director of Clinical Training, and Director of the Psycho" 
Services Center, University of Soutt: Carolina, Columb 
and ROSE M. JORDAN, B.S., R.N., Supervision of In-Sen 
Education, Gracewood State School and Hospital, Gracey, 
Publication date: January, 1967. 2nd edition, approx. 36 
6Yz" x 9Yz", 88 illustrations. Price, $8.10. 


JANUARY 1967 




 texú tð Iedp 
11t
 
d
þt 


New Book! 
;h- Wagner 
JRI<BOOI< FOR 
NECOlOGIC NURSING 


ynecologic disorders, many underlying 
hological factors are more disturbing to 
>atient than the fact her physical health is 
ted. This new workbook assists the 

nt nurse in becoming aware of this 
donal involvement and in learning how 
, explanation is within the scope of 
ing care. Giving close attention to both 
heory and clinical experiences involved in 
cologic nursing. the authors specifically 
s the equal importance of student 
vledge of reproductive anatomy and 
iology, and their awareness of the 
'nt's emotional involvement. 
eeding from the basic to the clinical, 
workbook explains the anatomy and 
iology of the female reproductive organs, 
describes puberty, the gynecologic 
lination and the nurse in the clinic, 
"ders of menstruation, functional and 
unctional bleeding. and the menopause. 
mg its timely discussions are those 
acterizing genital anomalies, gynecologic 
lems in marriage, pelvic inflammatory 
ise. and neoplasms of the uterus 
ovaries. 
flexible design of this workbook makes it 
ly suited for use with any required text 
select. Perforated, punched pages 
v removal of completed assignments for 
ing and accumulation in a ring binder 
uture reference. Self-examination tests 
ncluded and a separate, 20 page answer 

 is provided for the instructor. 


)NSTANCE lERCH, R.N., B.S., (Ed.); and JOANNE 

GNER, R.N., B.S. (Nurs.). Publication date: 
'ry, 1967. Approx. 130 pages, 7 1 "" x 10%", 
rated, perforated and punched. About $3.80. 


New 7th Edition! 
Jessee 


SELF-TEACHING TESTS 
IN ARITHMETIC FOR NURSES 


Here is a simple, direct approach to basic arithmetic 
and its application to problems in dosages and solutions. 
Flexibly designed for use as either a self-teaching text 
or for classroom instruction, this book can help your 
student develop sufficient knowledge and skill in arithmetic 
so that she can learn to safely administer medications 
in the proper dosage. To bring it into closer conformity 
with modern mathematics, this new edition has been 
rewritten and expanded to incorporate new information 
and changes in terminology. 
This new edition has been designed with perforated, 
punched pages that can be easily removed from the text, 
handed in and/or kept in a separate book or folder. 
The achievement tests have been printed on separate pages 
so that, if desired, you can use them in evaluating the 
progress of your students. You will also appreciate 
the convenience of the separate answer book, provided 
with each copy at no additional cost. 


By RUTH W. JESSEE, R.N., Ed.D., Chairman, Department of Nursing 
Education, Wilkes College, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. Publication date: 
March, 1967. 7th edition, approx. 164 pages, 7 1 "" x 10%", 
21 illustrations. About $3.25. 


New 4th Edition! 
Price 


A HANDBOOI< AND CHARTING 
MANUAL FOR STUDENT NURSES 


This unique handbook is ideally suited to (1) help the 
student applicant prepare herself to meet scholastic 
requirements for admission to schools of nursing and 
(2) to assist the beginning student who experiences 
difficulty with one or more of the courses she is taking. 
It is used as a self help handbook or as a required test. 
This book can help you give your students the additional 
help they may need in arithmetic, spelling, vocabulary, 
study habits and reading with comprehension, handwriting 
and printing, and personal appearance. An important 
feature of this workbook is the well written and highly 
understandable presentation of the fundamentals of 
charting. This section has been revised and updated 
in this edition to give the student the latest accepted 
methods and concepts of charting. 


By ALICE l. PRICE, R.N., M.A. Publication date: January, 1967. 
4th edition, approx. 220 pages, 8%" x 11", 50 illustrations. 
About $5.30. 


HE C. V. MOSBY COMPANY, LTD. 
 Publishers 
86 Northline Road. Toronto 16, Ontario 
 


JANUARY 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 21 



new products 


{ 


Descriptions are based on information 
supplied by the manufacturer and are 
provided only as a service to readers. 


Benoxyl Lotion 
(WINLEY-MORRIS) 
Description - A locally effective agent for 
the treatment of acne. Benoxyl lotion is a 
stable preparation of Benzoyl Peroxide 5% 
in a unique, greaseless, washable lotion base. 
Indications - In the treatment of acne 
vulgaris as an antibacterial and mild kera- 
tolytic agent. 
Administration - Cleanse skin with a mild 
soap such as Acne-Aid detergent soap. Ap- 
ply Benoxyl Lotion to affected areas with 
fingertips and smooth in gently according 
to the following schedule: first 4 days: 
apply once daily, leave on for 2 hours, then 
remove with warm water; next 4 days: apply 
once daily, leave on for 4 hours, then re- 
move; next three days: leave on overnight: 
ultimately: apply after each washing. 
Benoxyl is completely invisible on the 
skin. It should be stored in a cool dark 
place but not frozen. 
Caution - Benoxyl is for external use 
only and should be kept away from eyes, 
mucous membranes and sensitive areas of 
the neck. Should excessive drying or irrita- 
tion occur, use should be discontinued tem- 
porarily. 


Disposable Toothbrush 
(VENDEX) 
Description - An entirely new disposable 
toothbrush with its own buh-in dentifrice. 
Developed by Du Pont, this nylon bristle 
brush. to be distributed exclusively through 
vending machines, is intended to fill a 

erious gap in the dental hygiene routine of 
people who find themselves away from 
home without their regular toothbrush or 
toothpaste. 
Bristles are coated with a water-soluble 
dentifrice which is activated when moistened 
to perform the normal cleansing and breath- 
sweetening functions of ordinary dentifrices. 
Each brush is individually packaged in a 
cellophane wrapper and is so economical it 
may be thrown away after a single use. 
Vendex International, Inc., Houston, 
Texas, which has exclusive marketing rights 
on the new product, will distribute the 
brushes only through compact coin-operated 
vending machines located in selected wash- 
rooms of clubs, restaurants, airports, mo- 
tels . .. "wherever there are active people 
on the move." Vendex distributors are being 
established in each market to serve as local 
distributors for the handling of inventory 
and servicing of the machines. 
For additional information contact: Ro- 
bert Fogle, vice president, Vendex Interna- 
tional, Inc., 4125 Richmond Avenue, Hous- 
ton, Texas. 
22 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Infant Vascular Clamp 
(SKLAR) 
Use - A new vascular clamp designed 
by Dr. G.A. Trusler of the University of 
Toronto. The new design has proven parti- 
cularly useful in Blalock anastomisis, in the 
repair of infant coarctations, and in other 
procedures involving small vessels in chil- 
dren and infants. 


Description 
The shaft is thin 
and springy, thus, 
when fully closed, 
the clamp will 
neither slip nor in- 
jure the vessel. The 
"Z" shape of the 
jaws facilitates 
placing and tying 
of sutures. The op- 
posing jaws of the 
clamp are relatively 
flat, with a finely 
roughened surface which provides a secure 
grip, but will not split the soft intimal lining 
of the vessel. 
Descriptive literature (No. 280-190) is 
available from J. Sklar Mfg. Co. Inc., 38-04 
Woodside Avenue. Long Island City. N.Y. 
11I01. 


alv 


TR1 UR INr
T VA. I.i.R ClAMP 


6 Pak Sutures 
(THOMPSON) 
Description - Six non-absorbable sutures 
in one p.!cket in a quick-opening "book." 
This package of sterile, non-traumatic silk 

utures is convenient when a number of 

uture
 are needed quickly by the surgeon. 
The six sutures, with attached needles, are 
threaded on a paper "book" having con- 
venient end flaps. The folded book is sealed 
and irradiation sterilized in a transparent 
peelable outer envelope. The nurse or as- 
sistant merely pulls the end flaps to open 
the book and the sutures are ready for 
instant use. 
R. H. Thompson Laboratories Ltd., an 
all-Canadian firm, developed this new "6 
Pak." Further information may be obtained 
by writing the Laboratorie
 in Don Mills. 
Ontario. 


Acne Aid Cream 
(WINLEY-MORRIS) 
Description - A flesh-colored. greaseles
 
agent with water-washable base for the treat- 
ment of acne. Acne-Aid cream is composed 
of 2.5% sulfur, 1.25% resorcinol. .625% 
hexachlorophene and .375% para meta 
chloroxylenol. 
Indications - In acne vulgaris, and where 
a mild keratolytic, anti-seborrheic and anti- 
microbial agent is required. 


Administration - Wash the affected part 
with whatever special cleanser is recom- 
mended by the doctor. Dry thoroughly 
without rubbing. Apply Acne-Aid Cream 
with the fingertips. allowing a thin film to 
remain. 
Caution - Keep away from eyes and off 
eyelids. Should excessive dryness or irrita- 
tion develop, discontinue use temporarily. 


Uroscreen Test 
(PFIZER) 
Description - A simple, convenient. rapid 
and reliable screening test. standardized for 
the detection of significant bacteriuria 
(100.000 or more organi
ms per ml. of 
urine) Uroscreen i
 a white. dry, stable, 
soluble. buffered tetrazolium reagent (2, 3. 
5 triphenyl tetrazolium chloride). 
Indications - The presence of significant 
bacteriuria is indicated by the formation of 
a pink to red precipitate - indicating a pos- 
itive uroscreen test. No precipitate or a 
colorless precipitate shows a negative uro- 
screen test. 
Procedure I. Collect urille: e3rly 
morning specimen is preferable. Collect the 
"midstream" specimen from men and the 
"clean-catch" specimen from women. If the 
test cannot be performed within 2 hour
 
after collection, the specimen 
hould be 
stored, below 10 0 C. up to 24 hours before 
uroscreen testing. 2. Add to um.Kreen: Shake 
urine specimen until any precipitate is 
uniformly suspended. Add 2ml. of urine to 
the uroscreen tube, which is marked at the 
2 ml. level. Shake well until the uroscreen 
reagent is completely dissolved. 3. Incubate: 
Incubate at 37 0 C for 4 hours in the Uro- 
screen dry-bath incubato- or other suitable 
type. rmportant: do not shake or disturb the 
uroscreen tube during incubation. If the 
precipitate is disturbed before the reading, 
the resuspended precipitate mu
t be centri- 
fuged or the test repeated. 4. Read re.llllt.\: A 
positive uro<;creen test (pink to red precipi- 
tate) is indicative of the presence of 
ignifi- 
cant bacteriuria and calls for detailed bac- 
teriological examination of the urine. Highly 
infected urines may give a red precipitate 
within I or 2 hours imd also show a red 
turbidity throughout the urine. A pink to 
red color, without precipitate. is negative; 
a precipitate of any other color is also 
negative. 
Uro
creen is pre
ented in boxes of 50 
te
t tubes. ready to use. A special dry-bath 
incubator is available free of charge with 
initial orders of 100 tubes or more. 
For further information on Uroscreen and 
urinary tract infections, contact Pfizer Com- 
pany Ltd., 50, Place Cremazie, Montreal II. 
JANUARY 1%7 



dates 


] 


January 9-11, 1967 
Second Educational Assembly on 
Hospital Administration, District Eight, 
Fort Garry Hotel, Winnipeg. 
January 11-13 and January 16-18, 1967 
Institute for Supervisors, Ramada Inn, 
Vancouver, B.C. 
Open to all nurses working as 
supervisors or to head nurses who 
assume supervisory functions. 
Details may be obtained from the 
Registered Nurses' Association of B.C. 


January 24-26, 1967 
Institute on Outpatient Department 
Nursing Service Management, 
Bellevue Stratford Hospital, 
Philadelphia, Penna. 
February 6-9, 1967 
Four-day conference on staff education 
and staff development. Sponsored by 
RNAO, OHA, OMA, OPHA, OHSC, 
Westbury Hotel, Toronto. 
February 19-23 
14th Annual Association of 
Operating Room Nurses' Congress. 
EI Cortez and U.S. Grant Hotels 
San Diego, California. 
For information write 151 East 50th 
St., New York City or Miss Nellie 
Mock, 458 "F" St., Chula Vista, 
California. 


End of March 
Institutes for Instructors, Ramada Inn, 
Vancouver, B.C. 
A two-day institute sponsored by the 
Registered Nurses' Association of B.C. 
April 28 - October 27, 1967 
Expo '67, Montreal. 
May 4-6, 1967 
St. Boniface Hospital, School of 
Nursing, 25th Reunion of the 1942 
graduating class. Would members of 
the 1942 graduating class please 
write to Miss F.E. Taylor, R.N., 
10123 - 122 Street, Edmonton. 
May 8-12, 1967 
National league for Nursing, Biennial 
Convention, New York. 


May 10-12, 1967 
Canadian Hospital Association, 
Montreal, P.Q. 
May 16-19, 1967 
Alberta Association of Registered 
Nurses Annual Meeting, Chateau 
lacombe, Edmonton, Alberta. 
JANUARY 1967 


May 24-26, 1967 
International symposium on electrical 
activity of the heart, london, Ontario. 
For further information, write to 
Dr. G.W. Manning, Victoria Hospital, 
london, Onto 
May 31 - June 2, 1967 
Registered Nurses' Association of 
Nova Scotia Annual Meeting, Sydney, 
N. S. 


May 31 - June 2, 1967 
Registered Nurses' Association of 
British Columbia Annual Meeting, 
Bayshore Inn, Vancouver, B.C. 


June 12-15, 1967 
Canadian Dietetic Association 32nd 
Convention, Château laurier, Ottawa. 


June 18-21, 1967 
Ottawa Civic Hospital, Centennial 
Home Coming. 
Alumnae or former associates of the 
Ottawa Civic Hospital who are 
interested in the Program should write 
to: Executive Director, Ottawa Civic 
Hospital. 
June 24, 1967 
St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto, School 
of Nursing, Centennial Reunion. 
Any graduates who do not receive 
alumnae newsletters, please send 
name and address to: St. Joseph's 
Hospital, School of Nursing Alumnae, 
30 The Queensway, Toronto 3, 
Ontario. 


July, 1967 
75th Anniversary, Nova Scotia 
Hospital School of Nursing, Dartmouth, 
N.S. 
All interested graduates please 
contact Mrs. G. Varheff, 20 Ellenvale 
Ave., Dartmouth, N.S. 
July 31 - August 4, 1967 
The annual Medical Equipment 
Display and Conference (Medac '67). 
Sponsored by the Association for the 
advancement of medical instrumenta- 
tion (AAMI), San Francisco Hilton 
Hotel. For information write: 
AAMI, P.O. Box 314, Harvard Square, 
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138. 
Sept. 15-17, 1967 
70th Anniversary, Aberdeen Hospital 
School of Nursing, New Glasgow, 
Nova Scotia. Those interested write: 
Mrs. Allison MacCulioch, R.R. #2, 
New Glasgow, Pictou Co., 
Nova Scotia. 


MOVING 


? 


. 


DON'T FORGET YOUR 
CHANGE OF ADDRESS 


Name: 


Registration No.: 
(If registered in two provinces. 
please give both.) 


Province: 


Old Address: 


New Address: 


Date effective: 


Allow at least six weeks 
for change of address 


Mail to: 


The Canadian Nurse 
50 the Driveway 
Ottawa 4, Onto 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 23 



No one ever said it would be easy. 


running a hospital with a minimum of profit. Unless you count it profitable to see 
medical supplies - building a bridge with developing nations master new skills and 
nothing but timber and sweat - teaching a new standards of health and science. 
child who knows only a strange tongue. But You can't earn a promotion. . . but you can 
that's what CUSO workers do . . . hundreds promote. You will promote new learning, and 
of them in 35 countries. They meet the chal- enthusiasm, and a desire to succeed in 
lenge of a world of inequalities - in educa- people who are eager to help themselves. 
tion, in technical facilities, in engineering There are no Christmas bonuses. . . but you 
and medicine. earn a bonus every day in the response of 
This year, the Canadian University Service the people you work and live with. And you'll 
Overseas - a non-profit non-government be amazed at how quickly you'll find an op- 
organization - has already sent 350 young portunity to develop your ideas, your dreams. 
volunteers to countries in Asia, in Africa, Willing to work to build a better world? 
South America and the Caribbean. . a .. Here's just the job for you. 
total of 550 CUSO people altogether in A.
-: How do you apply? Get more informa- 
the field, or about 1 to every 50,000 . . .;' tion and application forms from local 
people who ask for their help. More. CUSO representatives at any Canadian 
are needed. university, or from the Executive Sec- 
The pay is low. . . you won't make a retary of CUSO. 151 Slater St., Ottawa. 


cuso 


The Canadian Peace Corps 


24 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


JANUARY 1967 



"Wallted - a revised Itlcome Tax Act 
that recognizes the role of married 
women in the labor force." 


This is what over one million work- 
ing women - and their husbands - 
will yearn for when they compile their 
annual income tax forms early in 1967. 
For the present income tax structure 
is geared to a Victorian society where 
only the man of the family was employ- 
ed and the woman stayed home as a 
dependent. 


Husband no longer sole breadwinner 
According to 1965 data from the 
Special Surveys Division, Dominion 
Bureau of Statistics, the number of 
working women in this country is now 
over 2 million. This represents 30 

rcent of the total work force. 
Prior to 1960, single women out- 
ranked married women in the labor 
force. Since 1960, however, married 
women have maintained first rank in 
the percentage distribution by marital 
status. Their percentage passed the 
half-way mark in 1964. and now stands 
at 52.2. 
That these married women play an 
essential role in our economy is un- 
deniable. That the large number of 
married women who are presently un- 
employed would be valuable recruits 
to the labor force is also undeniable. 
except by those few who still maintain 
that the woman's place belongs only 
at the hearth. 


Needed changes in tax structure 
The major changes that are needed 
to bring income tax regulations up-to- 
date with the manpower structure in 
Canada were brought to the attention 
of the House of Commons this past 
June, by Mrs. Grace MacInnis, Mem- 
ber of Parliament for Vancouver- 
Kingsway, B.c. 
Mrs. MacInnis said that the amount 
a married woman is allowed to earn 
before deductions are made from her 
husband's taxable income ($250), is 
far too low. considering today's cost 
of living. She pointed out that various 
organizations across the country have 
JANUARY 1967 


EDITORIAL 


requested that it be raised. The Can- 
adian Federation of University Women, 
for example, have urged that the 
amount be increased to $950. 
The second change in taxation 
policy proposed by Mrs. MacInnis, in- 
volved the expenses of housekeeping 
and babysitting services. She recom- 
mended that the wages of housekeepers 
should be deductible from the taxable 
incomes of mothers working outside 
the home. In defence of her proposal 
she said: 
"It is no use telling us that .it is 
all very well for lawyers and business- 
men to deduct necessary expenses, but 
that it is quite another matter for a 
woman working outside the home to 
ask for the right to make the same 
sort of deductions. The expenditure is 
just as necessary. In fact, it is more 
necessary because it has been esta- 
blished . .. that the vast majority of 
women who go to work. . . do so from 
economic necessity, and there is no 
question of their being able to meet 
the costs of a housekeeper from out- 
side earnings." 
In an earlier speech in the House of 
Commons, Mrs. MacInnis questioned 
the incongruity of a law that calls a 
working woman who employs a house- 
keeper an "employer" - and requires 
her to contribute to the housekeeper's 
Canada Pension Plan - yet refuses to 
call her an employer under the Income 
Tax Act, thereby disallowing any de- 
ductions of housekeeper expenses. 


Taxation in other countries 
In certain countries, such as the 
United States of America and the 
United Kingdom, the tax position for 
married women is quite favorable. 
In the United States, for example, a 
working wife can deduct up to $900 
for child care expenses when there are 
two or more children, or $600 for one 
child. The stipulations are that the 
child be no more than 12 years old, 
and that the joint income of the parents 
not exceed $6,000. 
In the United Kingdom, preference 
is given to working married women: 
they get a single person's tax-free al- 


lowance for earnings, in addition to 
t
e husband benefiting from the mar- 
ned man's allowance, which is nearly 
double the single person's.* 
The tax structures in a few coun- 
tries, on the other hand, appear to be 
intended to discourage the wives of 
all but the neediest of husbands from 
employment. In the Netherlands, for 
example, a married woman's earnings 
are taxed 15 percent if she is not the 
breadwinner. ** 
Nurses effected 
What effect does this out-dated IIl- 
come tax act have on nurses? 
For single nurses, it has little effect 
at this time; however, a few years from 
now many of these nurses will have 
assumed the role of wife, and possibly, 
mother. If the present trend toward 
employment continues - and there is 
every reason to believe it will - they 
will be among those affected by these 
discriminatory tax policies. 
For married nurses, who represent 
60 percent of all nurses employed full- 
time, these tax policies must be frus- 
trating, costly, and discouraging. That 
these nurses continue to work in spite 
of them is proof of their desire to 
remain active in the profession. 
For the 19,781 married nurses listed 
as "not employed in nursing" in 1965, 
the present income tax policies un- 
doubtedly discourage re-employment. 
The return of even a portion of these 
women to active nursing would do 
much to offset the critical shortage of 
nurses throughout the country. 
Conclusion 
For those married nurses already 
working, and for those who represent 
a large, untapped source of manpower. 
revisions of the Income Tax Act would 
mean one less obstacle in the path to 
employment. 
If we speak loudly enough, in 
unison, Canada will listen. 


* Viola Klein. Women Workers - Working 
Hours and Services. Paris. Organization for 
Economic Co-operation and Development. 
1965. 
** Ibid. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 25 



Habilitation of thalidomide 
children: the nursing approach 


Most of the children suffering from 
congenital deformities as a result of 
thalidomide were hospitalized during 
their first year of life. At this stage, 
the nurse's role was largely custodial. 
The nursing problems of these chil- 
dren - skin care, sitting balance, and 
protection from injury - differed from 
those of normal children. 
As the children started to grow, 
however, the nurse had to re-examine 
her role. How could the basic concept 
of rehabilitation - the return of the 
patient to a meaningful role in society 
- be applied to these children who 
had little or no idea of the outside 
world? 
Several of these children were still 
hospitalized at two years of age. The 
difference in development between 
them and the children who had the 
advantages of normal home life was 
apparent. It was pinpointed by the 
work of our colleagues in psychology. 
whose findings made it eviòent that 
something had to be done to provide 
the hospitalized children with some 
of the advantagcs and stimulation of 
a domestic environment. 
The first problem involved the num- 
ber of persons coming in contact with 
the children. A stuòy by the hospital's 
social service department showed that 
each child had a minimum of 43 con- 
tacts each day: nurses, doctors, thera- 
pists, volunteers, nonprofessional staff, 
patients, and visitors. Further, because 
of the rotation system, the nurses car- 
ing for the children changed two or 
26 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


How do thalidomide children react to the outside world after a prolonged 
hospitalization and what type of help do they need to adjust to it? A team at the 
Rehabilitation Institute of Montreal attempted to answer these questions. 


Mary O'Brien, R.N., Margaret Owens, R.N., and 'an Ralph, R.N. 


three times each week. 
Several steps were taken to solve 
these problems. First, a "baby-team," 
consisting of two registered nurses and 
one licensed nursing assistant, was set 
up. The team leader was a nurse with 
pediatric training and a great deal of 
experience. The second R.N. was the 
mother of a two-year-old. The nursing 
assistant was a young married woman 
who had shown special aptitude in 
caring for children. Two nursing as- 
sistants were assigned especially for 
evening duty. 
This team. under the supervision of 
the head nurse, took over the complete 
care of the children. The arrangement 
demanded some sacrifice from the 
other staff in the unit. Since the babv 
team did not rotate, the other staff 
had to do more tours on shift duty; 
also, those not assigned to care for the 
children regretted the loss of contact 
with a most lovable group of patients. 
However, after an explanation by the 
director of nursing. they accepted these 
arrangements. Similarly, the volunteers 
cheerfully agreed to confine their at- 
tentions to the older children. 
The head nurse then re-examined 
the phvsical setup of the ward. In- 
stead of occupying six small rooms - 
four for sleeping, one for eating, and 


Miss O'Brien was director of nur
ing at 
the Rehabilitation Institute of Montreal. 
Mi
s Owen
 i
 head nurse on the pediatric 
unit, amI Mi

 Ralph i
 the team leader 
of the "baby team" formed at the rn
titute. 


one for playing - the children took 
over two large units - one for sleep- 
ing, the other for eating and playing. 
This had many advantages: 1. The 
children seemed more secure and less 
confined within a larger, definite area. 
They were out of the way of other 
patients, wheelchairs and corridor traf- 
fic; 2. The rooms (23 feet x 17 1/2 
feet) were near the nursing station, so 
that observation was constant; 3. Bet- 
ter cross-ventilation was possible and 
it was easier to maintain a constant 
room temperature; 4. The children's 
toys and equipment were more ade- 
quately controlled and were safe from 
the raids of older children. 
At this point, the baby team dis- 
carded their uniforms in favor of street 
clothing. This proved very successful. 
The children were encouraged to call 
the baby team nurses by their Christian 
names. There were two reasons for 
this. The children's speech develop- 
ment was slow and it did not seem 
reasonable to expect a child whose 
first words would normally be "mama" 
or "papa", to substitute "Miss Ralph" 
or "Madame RousseL" Further, at two 
to three years of age, the children were 
not identifying individuals. As they 
were mostly French-speaking, everyone 
was "ma tante." By using Christian 
names, the children found it easier to 
identify the nurses, and their "aunts" 
became special rather than general. 
The next step was to introduce the 
children to the outside world. Outings 
were initiated at such times as they 
JANUARY 1967 



.} 


JANUARY 1967 



_. 



 


The clothing requirements of children 
with deformities are complex. The staff 
at the Rehabilitation Institute of 
Montreal developed several functional 
garments for the children with 
prostheses, including the dress and 
panties shown in photograph. 


. 


" 


. 


\ 


could be coordinated with prosthetic 
training. Small groups were taken to 
visit the zoo, the circus, shopping cen- 
ters, Santa Claus, and to eat lunch 
in a restaurant. They had picnics and 
train rides and were taken skating in 
a public park. When the children were 
from three-and-one-half to four-years- 
old, our physiotherapy department 
began teaching them to swim; their 
daily sessions in the pool are now a 
high spot. 
The baby team nurses also took the 
children to their own homes for lunch. 
On these visits the children appreciated 
seeing things they did not see in the 
Institute: design and - color of food; 
china and tablecloths; shower curtains; 
door knobs, and carpets. We have tried 
to introduce as many of these as pos- 
sible to the Institute. 
The result of these outings was ex- 
tremely satisfying. The most with- 
drawn child became quite relaxed 
about new human contacts. The reac- 
tion of the general public was also 
encouraging. Apart from an occasional 
stare and a few questions from mothers 
with children of the same age, we met 
only kindly interest and offers of help. 
From the outings the children de- 
veloped interest in dressing and wear- 
ing pretty clothes. We made no attempt 
to hide prostheses, but tried to dress 
the children as much as possible like 
children their own age. They now 
have very definite likes and dislikes in 
color, and we have tried to make them 
feel that the garments they prefer are 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 27 


r 


1 



The hospitalized children now occupy 
two large units - one for sleeping, 
the other for eating and playing. 


Daily swimming sessions in the pool 
are a high spot for the children. 


...... 
- .............. _ rII-- 


---- 


their own and not communal. 
The clothing requirements of chil- 
dren with deformities are complex. As 
so many people are involved, the baby 
team leader has been given the addi- 
tional assignment of coordinating the 
needs and ideas of occupational thera- 
pist, parents, nurses and volunteers. 
Much thought was given to the de- 
sign of garments to be worn over pros- 
theses, especially those of the upper 
extremities. After consultation with 
nurses, occupational therapists, psy- 
chologists, and a group of ladies who 
kindly offered to sew for us, we have 
evolved several functional garments 
that are also attractive. Velcro clos- 
ures have been used instead of but- 
tons, but the illusion has been pre- 
served by sewing buttons in place. 
Since we found that the action of 
cables quickly wore through materials, 
we have used iron-on patches inside 
shirts and in dresses across the shoul- 
ders. The velcro can be opened and 
closed with the prosthesis or feet, thus 
making the child as independent as 
possible in dressing and undressing. 
One attractive but useful dress has 
velcro closures down the back. It is 
sleeveless with separate sleeves (in a 
white or contrasting color) which can 
be attached with velcro inside around 
the armhole. For most activities the 
child can use the prosthesis without 
sleeves; for dress-up occasions the 
sleeves are easily attached. 
Toilet independence has presented 
many problems because of the chil- 
28 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


I 
,
 


)- 
. 



 


\ 
 

 
. 


- 
'"----- 



 


- 



, 


.. 


, 



 - 




" 


- 
., 


- 


dren's prostheses and lack of upper 
extremities. Panties have been designed 
on a diaper principle, with strips of 
velcro down each side substituting for 
safety pins. The diaper is held around 
the waist by an attached band of ma- 
terial. To remove the flap of the pan- 
ties for toilet purposes, the front flap 
can be pulled down with the child's 
prosthesis or fingers inserted in a loop 
made of tape on either upper front 
corner of the diaper . To replace the 
flap of the panties, the child sits down 
on the diaper and raises the flap using 
the loops to pull it up into position. 
Then he stands up and presses his hips 
against the wall to fasten the velcro 
securely. One of our mothers devised 
a method of pulling panties up and 
down with tapes and attaching them 
with velcro, but this method still re- 
quires further thought and develop- 
ment. 
It is interesting to note how the 
concept of the "rehabilitation team" is 
applied to the thalidomide group of 
children. Every week the baby team 
has held a meeting led by the con- 
sultant in psychology. Her advice on 
the management of individual children 
and general problems has been inval- 
uable. Since the nurse and occupational 
therapist must work together in pros- 
thetic training, the occupational thera- 
pist in charge of the children also at- 
tended these meetings. From the meet- 
ings a most rewarding relationship 
with social service developed, which 
has since expanded beyond this group 


- 


òii;: 


of children to all age groups in the 
unit. Our colleagues in speech therapy 
who attended these meetings outlined 
the normal development of speech and 
pointed out specific difficulties with 
various children. The department of 
therapeutic recreation helped us with 
outings. Volunteers have been very 
valuable. In fact, the whole operation 
has been a real team effort, under 
the benign supervision of the chief of 
service. 
Now the children are all in their 
own homes or foster homes. We hope 
that we have made their adjustment a 
little easier. Certainly congenitally mal- 
formed children who come to us in 
future will pre.sent fewer problems to 
the nursing department in the light 
of this unique experience. D 


JANUARY 1967 



Impact of cerebral palsy on 
patient and family 


What must parents face when told 
that their child has cerebral palsy? 
They must face the fact that the con- 
dition cannot be cured by medical or 
surgical procedures and that the effects 
of the disease will persist throughout 
the life of the individual. They must 
realize that the disease may limit 
education and employability, marriage 
and the bearing of children, self- 
sufficiency, and self -support. Although 
these limitations are modifiable through 
therapy, the parents will have to invest 
a considerable amount of time and 
money in the therapeutic program. 
This program will change the normal 
routines of the home and will, of 
necessity, create an extremely close 
relationship between the parents and 
their handicapped child. 
Some parents will have to face the 
fact that their child has additional de- 
fects, such as mental retardation, deaf- 
ness, aphasia, and convulsions, with 
all their inherent problems. 
The impact of the diagnosis on the 
family is tremendous, and the inter- 
view during which the parents are 
confronted with this diagnosis is ex- 
tremely traumatic. 


Problems unique to cerebral palsy 
The diagnosis of cerebral palsy is 
usually made after months of anxiety. 
Frequently, the parents have been dis- 
turbed by a number of different and 
conflicting diagnoses including, in most 
cases, that of mental retardation. This 
delay is less frequent in recent years, 
JANUARY 1967 


Feelings of inferiority on the part of the patient, jealousy on the part of the 
siblings, and guilt on the part of parents, are common reactions to this disease. 


William A. Hawke, M.D., F,R.C.P. (Lond.) , F.R.C.P. (C) 


however, since physicians are becom- 
ing more skilled in diagnosing cerebral 
palsy in young children, and are be- 
coming more cautious in diagnosing 
mental retardation. 
The parents of cerebral palsied 
children affect each other both indi- 
vidually and in groups. These relation- 
ships are usually beneficial. Parents 
provide each other with additional 
information about the disease and 
about techniques that they have found 
to be effective. In many instances they 
support each other. On occasion, 
however, the effects may not be so 
satisfactory. Some parents make others, 
who plan to place their severely handi- 
capped children in institutions, feel 
that they are inadequate parents who 
are shirking their responsibilities. Oc- 
casionally, certain parents may make 
it difficult for other parents to accept 
the reality of the situation, the limita- 
tions of therapy, and the ultimate 
future. These effects, however, seem 
to be less frequent at the present time, 
probably because families have a 
closer relationship with treatment cen- 
ters, particularly with social workers 
in these centers. 
The staff of the treatment centers 
may create problems for the parents. 
Occasionally they give a poor prog- 
nosis, which is unwarranted. More 


Dr. Hawke is Professor of Pediatrics, 
University of Toronto, and Director of the 
Neurological and Psychiatric Services of 
The Hospital for Sick Children. Toronto. 


frequently, however, they create opti- 
mism in the parents because of an un- 
justifiably euphoric prognosis. 
There are several reasons for this 
over optimism. First, staff members are 
sympathetic to the parents and do not 
wish to make them face unpleasant 
realities. Second, certain members of 
the staff may lack experience and 
have not followed the progress of such 
children for sufficient time to learn 
the natural course of the disease. In 
most cases, however, the staff and fam- 
ily become involved in a personal 
struggle against the disease, and in 
this struggle the staff member loses 
his or her objectivity. Fortunately, 
these effects are less prominent at pres- 
ent because most clinics now have 
conferences in which the child's his- 
tory is presented to the staff for dis- 
cussion. 
These are only a few of the prob- 
lems that may be considered specific 
to cerebral palsy. They are, however, 
the most frequently occurring prob- 
lems. 


Effect on parents 
Feelings of anxiety may develop in 
the parents, particularly if the disease 
is severe and the prognosis grave. In 
one extreme case of anxiety reported 
several years ago, two elderly per- 
sons killed their only son who had 
cerebral palsy, since they felt that they 
no longer could give him adequate 
care. They killed him rather than let 
him go to an institution where they 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 29 



believed he would be given inadequate 
and impersonal care. 
A feeling of anger is also a com- 
mon reaction of parents. In most 
cases the anger is originally directed 
against fate. "Why did this have to 
happen to me and my child?" It is 
seldom directed against the child, but 
is projected on other individuals. 
Parents may project this free-floating 
anger toward the physician, blaming 
him because they believe the disease 
was due to improper delivery or to 
inadequate care during pregnancy be- 
cause the condition was originally mis- 
diagnosed. They may project this 
anger toward the physician because he 
is unable to cure the disease. This 
hostility is sometimes directed against 
neighbors, or even strangers on the 
street. Curiosity on the part of such 
individuals may be considered by the 
parents as evidence that they regard 
the child as a freak. 
Feelings of guilt frequently are 
evidenced by parents. If there has been 
a similar condition in the family, they 
feel responsible for transmission of the 
disease. They may feel responsible 
for the child's cerebral palsy for a 
number of reasons: Mothers who have 
not followed the prescribed regimen 
during pregnancy may believe that 
their negligence is responsible for the 
condition. In a certain number of 
cases, the pregnancy was unwanted, 
and the mothers carried out a number 
of simple activities, such as long walks, 
hot and cold baths, etc., in the hope 
that these would produce an abortion. 
If the child is born with a defect, the 
parents feel that these attempts at 
abortion have been responsible for the 
defect. Other parents of a handicapped 
child may feel that this has been their 
punishment for past misdemeanors, 
often sexual in nature. 
Feelings of denial may be part of 
the parents' pattern of defence. It is 
very difficult for parents to deny the 
cerebral palsy, but many deny the 
prognosis, accepting the realities of the 
present disability, but not ')f the future. 
These parents frequently travel from 
clinic to clinic, hoping to find someone 
who will justify their opinions. 
30 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Feelings of rejection may occur be- 
cause of the unusual appearance of the 
child, because of the additional burden 
imposed on the family, and, in some 
cases, because the individual is unable 
to accept the fact that a child of his 
can be incomplete or inadequate. Open 
and frank rejection of the child is 
uncommon. Such feelings are usually 
intolerable to the parents and are re- 
placed by feelings of oversolicitude and 
overprotection. 
Not all overprotection is a compen- 
sation for rejection. It may simply be 
the reaction of very affectionate 
parents who feel sorry for their 
handicapped child. An extreme exam- 
ple of overprotection was the mother 
of the epileptic child who would not 
allow her daughter to cross the road 
for fear that she might have a seizure. 
This mother went to school with the 
child, returned with her, and stood 
at the window in her home during the 
rest of the day to see that she was 
not on the road. The mother of a 14- 
year-old diabetic boy who had noc- 
turnal reactions, slept with him so 
that she could detect any reactions 
that developed. 


Effect on siblings 
Usually the brothers and sisters of 
the cerebral palsied child feel pity for 
him, particularly if he is younger. They 
feel sorry for him because his activities 
are so restricted and because he can- 
not join other children of his age in 
various games and sports. 
With time, however, these feelings 
of pity often change. Jealousy may 
develop because of the amount of 
attention given by the parents to the 
handicapped child. In some homes the 
normal children are almost neglected, 
and the parents focus their attention 
on the handicapped child. Jealousy is 
particularly marked if the sibling is 
close in age to that of the handicapped 
child, and also if he is of the same sex. 
Feelings of guilt may arise in the 
sibling. In many cases these develop 
because he becomes disturbed about 
his feelings of jealousy. He feels it is 
wrong, almost "sinful," to have such 
feelings about the brother or sister 


who is so handicapped and whose life 
is so limited. 
If the parents are able to accept the 
child, so will the siblings. Large fa- 
milies seem to be able to accept the 
handicapped child better than small 
families. Rural families appear able to 
accept them more adequately than 
urban families. This sensitivity seems 
to come to a peak during adolescence 
and early adult life. It is particularly 
evident in girls who think of marriage 
and who are concerned about the im- 
pact of the handicapped child on their 
future husbands. A number are also 
concerned about the possibility of 
having similarly handicaped children 
of their own. 


Effect on handicapped individual 
As the child grows older, the effects 
of his handicap increase and are most 
marked in adolescence and early adult 
life. 
The cerebral palsied child may de- 
velop feelings of inadequacy or inferi- 
ority because of his inability to take 
part in normal activities, because of 
his physical appearance, or because of 
the limitations imposed on him by the 
treatment of the disease. In addition, 
he may experience a sense of isolation. 
This, to some degree, depends upon 
his inherited personality, but also upon 
his opportunities for contact with other 
children. Some children remain socially 
and emotionally immature because of 
restricted experiences and restricted 
contacts with normal children. 
Anger may be directed against the 
limitations imposed by the disease, or 
may be projected on others. It is often 
projected on the normal siblings be- 
cause they have a life that is richer 
and fuller. Occasionally this hostility 
may be projected against the mother, 
whom the child blames for the disease. 
Feelings of anxiety and insecurity 
are particularly evident in older child- 
ren who are handicapped. These feel- 
ings are well-demonstrated by a girl 
who developed poliomyelitis in ado- 
lescence. She was a bright, intelligent 
girl who had previously enjoyed nor- 
mal activities. The poliomyelitis was 
severe, and in the early weeks created 
JANUARY 1967 



.llmost total immobilization. In hos- 
pital, she became depressed and was 
referred for psychiatric assistance. It 
soon became obvious that she was 
concerned about her future, feeling 
that she could never support herself, 
would never marry, and would never 

w
W
.
I
r
am
t
 
future had been destroyed by the 
poliomyelitis. 
It is obvious that the problems will 
be intensified if the individual is intel- 
lectually retarded. It is perhaps less 
obvious that they wiII be intensified 
if the individual shows specific patterns 
of behavior calIed "the organic brain 
syndrome." The behavioral patterns 
noted in this syndrome include marked 
distractibility, an inability to control 
behavior, and an inability to work 
consistently toward an organized goal. 
There may also be distortions of audi- 
tory perception that lead to problems 
in understanding and producing speech, 
or distortions of visual perception that 
may lead to problems in reading and 
writing. D 


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, . 
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.... 
., 
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- '-- 


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JANUARY 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 31 



. 
In 


heart 


Recent advances 


surgery 


In its early stages, surgery of the 
heart was limited to the correction of 
simple congenital lesions. Today open 
heart surgery is capable of correcting 
the more complex forms of congenital 
and acquired heart diseases, and this 
is true even in a far advanced stage of 
the illness. 
At the Montreal Heart Institute, 
surgical procedures have been per- 
formed since 1958. As has happened 
elsewhere, there has been a geometric 
progression in the number of cases per- 
formed each year and in the steady 
improvement of the results. In the 
seven-year period from 1958 to 1965, 
815 patients underwent intra-cardiac 
operations using extracorporeal circu- 
lation. During the first 4 years, 315 
such procedures were performed as 
compared to 500 in the last 3 years. 
The early operative mortality was 35 
to 40 percent, and it has decreased 
progressively during the last period to 
less than 10 percent. This occurred in 
spite of surgical corrections of more 
complex lesions on poor risk patients. 
For instance, during the summer of 
1965, three patients considered mori- 
bunds successfully underwent emergen- 
cy surgical com.ction of multi-valvular 
lesions. 


Extracorporeal circulation 
Improvements in the 
echniques of 
cardio-pulmonary by-pass have opened 
a completely new area in cardiovas- 
cular surgery. To work under direct 
32 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Today, scientific discoveries are integrated with increasing speed to the field of 
practical application. Heart surgery was born in this age of spdce exploration and 
gigantic scientific achievements. It has rapidly reached the stage of a 
well-established science. 


Pierre Grondin, M.D., and Claude Meere, M.D. 


vIsIon inside the cardiac chambers, all 
venous blood returning to the heart 
must be drained off and returned un- 
der pressure in the arterial system. The 
heart-lung apparatus contains three es- 
sential parts: a pumping system to as- 
sure circulation of the blood, an arti- 
ficial lung to oxygenate the blood, and 
a heat exchanger to diminish oxygen 
requirements of the tissues by lowering 
the body temperature. 
In cases where the ascending aorta 
has to be clamped, like in aortic valve 
replacement, an additional system is 
needed to provide each coronary artery 
with oxygenated blood and thus main- 
tain viability of the cardiac muscle. 
To collect the venous blood, a can- 
nula is placed in each vena cava via 
the right atrium. The blood is drained 
into the oxygenator either by gravity or 
by suction. In the oxygenator, oxygen 
is brought in contact with the blood to 
increase its available oxygen content. 
The oxygenated fluid then goes into the 
heat exchanger where cooling or warm- 
ing is performed. (Fìgure 1.) 
To avoid injury of the blood ele- 
ments (red cells, leucocytes, etc.) the 
pumps must be as atraumatic as pos- 
sible. The blood is returned to the 
body via a cannula which is inserted 
either in the ascending aorta, or in a 
femoral or an iliac artery. To keep the 


Drs. Grondin and Meere are members of 
the Department of Experimental Surgery at 
the Montreal Heart Institute. 


operative field bloodless, a cannula is, 
in most instances, inserted for decom- 
pression in the left ventricle through 
the apex. 
Intracardiac operations can be per- 
formed by different incisions using a 
right or a left thoracotomy. For several 
years, however, a median sternotomy 
has been commonly utilized, thus 
avoiding opening of the pleura. By this 
sternal approach, we are able to cor- 
rect a considerable number of cardiac 
lesions since all the heart valves and 
most of the cardiac chambers are thus 
easily accessible. 
To avoid clotting of the blood in the 
extracorporeal circuit, heparin is given 
intravenously before cannulation of 
the heart and blood vessels. We use 
three mg. of heparin per kilogram of 
body weight. When the intracardiac 
operation is finished, the heparin is 
neutralized by administration of an 
equal amount of protamine. 
In the cardiac surgery, air embo- 
lisms must be carefully avoided, be- 
cause the presence of gas bubbles in 
small arteries acts as a clot causing 
occlusion. Air emboli in small but im- 
portant cerebral arteries are often fol- 
lowed by serious neurological deficits. 
Air embolism is prevented first by 
adding filters to the heart-lung appa- 
ratus and also by careful evacuation of 
air from the heart chambers before 
returning to normal cardiac function. 
Hypothermia is a valuable aid in 
extracorporeal circulation. Today, 
JANUARY 1967 



Fig. 1 


EXTRACORPOREAL CIRCULATION 


OXYGENATOR 


I 
j 
,.1 


DISC 


BUBBLE 


SCREENS 


MEMBRANE 


only moderate hypothermia is com- 
monly used. It consists of a gradual de- 
crease of the central body temperature 
from 37 degrees to 29 or 30 degrees 
(centigrade). At this level, oxygen re- 
quirements of the tissues are decreased 
by 50 percent. 
Many delicate intracardiac proce- 
dures are best performed on a "quiet" 
or arrested heart. Cardiac contractions 
can be stopped by several means. One 
of them consists of inducing a deep and 
selective cardiac hypothermia. These 
low temperatures produce cardiac ar- 
rest and/or ventricular fibrillation. 
More recently, we have preferred the 
use of a small electrical current which 
induces and maintains ventricular fi- 
brillation. Cardiac arrest induced elec- 
trically or by hypothermia is also use- 
ful at the end of cardio-pulmonary by- 
pass to avoid air embolism. 
Many of the early heart-lung systems 
had a huge priming volume. For in- 
stance, the apparatus used at the Mon
- 
real Heart Institute between 1960 and 
1962 needed some 3500 to 4000 cc. 
The priming fluid consisted at that time 
of whole blood, which imposed a tre- 
mendous task upon the blood bank. 
Today this equipment is simplified and 
its priming volume rarely exceeds 1800 
cc. To further reduce the quantity of 
blood needed for priming, and to 
improve capillary perfusion, we dilute 
the priming volume with 5 percent 
glucose in 0.4 NaCl. The ratio is 2/3 
blood and 1/3 dextrose solution. We 
JANUARY 1967 


THERMAL 
EXCHANGER - 


Pump 


also add electrolytes, mainly KCI, to 
prevent postoperative deficit. 
Acquired heart lesions 
The acquired cardiac lesions now 
amenable to surgery are: 1. constric- 
tive pericarditis; 2. aurioculo-ventricu- 
lar dissociation (A V block); 3. massive 
pulmonary embolism; 4. mechanical 
complications of myocardial infarction; 
5. coronary artery insufficiency (angina 
pectoris); 6. traumatic lesions; 7. val- 
vular heart disease. 


Constrictive pericarditis 
Pericardial constriction was not un- 
usual several years ago. It was pro- 
duced in most instances by a tuber- 
culous infection. Now, this disease has 
almost disappeared. At the Montreal 
Heart Institute, only three such cases 
have been admitted for surgery since 
1963. The surgical correction consists 
of the removal of the thickened and 
often calcified pericardium, which acts 
as a shell preventing normal cardiac 
contractions. This disease, affecting 
cardiac filling, is frequently mistaken 
for cirrhosis of the liver. Recovery fol- 
lowing surgery requires a three to six 
month convalescence, but it is quite 
spectacular in most cases. 


Auriculo-ventricular 
dissociation 
Auriculo-ventricular dissociation - 
also called Stokes-Adams syndrome - 
was nearly always fatal within two 


years of onset before artificial pace- 
makers came into clinical use. In this 
ailment, atrial contractions are not 
transmitted to the ventricles because 
of some organic interference with the 
Bundle of His. The rate of ventricular 
contraction is often less than 40 beats 
per minute and sometimes it reaches 
as low as 25 or even 20 beats per 
minute. Episodes of ventricular ta- 
chycardia or prolonged asystole ensue 
and cause inadequate cerebral perfu- 
sion resulting in dizziness and/or syn- 
cope. During these periods of asystole, 
ventricular fibrillation is not uncom- 
mon and is followed by sudden death 
in most instances. 
A V block is mostly a disease of 
people in their sixth, seventh, or eighth 
decade. It results from a degenerative 
process affecting the intracardiac ner- 
vous tissue. However, A V block may 
follow a large myocardial infarct and 
cause a rapid exitus. Treatment of this 
condition with drugs such as isoprote- 
renol is deceiving. The only sure way 
to prevent disaster is to stimulate the 
heart with electricity by an apparatus 
which may be implanted or used ex- 
ternally. To avoid Stokes-Adams ac- 
cidents, electrodes are implanted into 
the heart using an transvenous catheter 
or by a direct transthoracic puncture. 
Once the patient is protected by ex- 
ternal stimulation, an elective opera- 
tion can be performed later which con- 
sists of the implantation of a small 
transitorized apparatus called a pace- 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 33 



maker. (Figure 2.) 
Several types of pacemakers are in 
clinical use. We now prefer a synchro- 
nized apparatus (Atricor made by Cor- 
dis Corporation) which seems to offer 
many advantages over the earlier fixed- 
rate models. The synchronous or P- 
wave pacemaker provides a better car- 
diac output because it regulates the 
ventricular contractions to the atrial 
systoles. It thus permits variations in 
the cardiac rhythm and output ac- 
cording to the needs of the body. 
The surgical procedure of pace- 
maker implantation is simple and its 
mortality is very low. Patients as old 
as 89 years of age were operated on 
successfully at the Montreal Heart In- 
stitute and no operative mortality has 
been deplored. 


Massive pulmonary embolism 
In recent years, the heart-lung ma- 
chine has been simplified rendering 
possible its preparation for cardia-pul- 
monary by-pass in a matter of minutes. 
The cardiac surgeon is capable of re- 
moving massive pulmonary emboli as 
an emergency procedure and saves 
many lives that formerly were lost. The 
treatment consists of extracting the 
clots from the main pulmonary artery 
and its branches. In most cases the 
procedure is complemented by liga- 
tion of a plication of the inferior vena 
cava to prevent recurrent 
mbolization. 
At the Heart Institute, preparation for 
cardio-pulmonary by-pass can be made 
34 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Fig. 2 


CARDIAC PACEMAKER 


) \ 
--- - ,. --........ 
 
í 

, \ \// 
/ 
 
 ( . y?Ii3 . . .. . ( ( 4 3 1 ) Cardiac stimulation 

 '- Wires inserted through the diaphragm 

 g (2) Rhythmic influx electronic feeding device 
; r g (1) Continuous steam power batteries 


in 15 minutes for such emergencies. 


Mechanical complications of 
myocardial infarction 
Even though surgery is limited in the 
treatment of myocardial infarction, 
mechanical complications of this dis- 
ease - such as ventricular aneurysms, 
perforations of the septum, and rup- 
tures of papillary muscles - can be 
corrected surgically. After an extensive 
coronary thrombosis, some patients 
develop an abnormal dilatation of the 
left ventricular wall. The dilatation 
causes chronic heart failure, mostly 
because of its paradoxical motion. 
These cases respond poorly to medical 
management because the dilated ventri- 
cular wall has no contractile strength 
and has a paradoxical expansion 
during each systole. Cardiac output is 
thus markedly reduced. We have cor- 
rected four such aneurysms with three 
survivals. The operation is rather sim- 
ple. The dilated wall is excised, and 
the mural thrombus removed. The 
ventricular edges are then resutered. 
Postoperatively, these patients are 
markedly improved and can resume 
useful activities. 
Perforation of the septum following 
cardIac infarction is uncommon. Some 
authors report a 50 percent death rate 
within the first week after perforation 
and a survival rate of only 13 percent 
after two months. The surgical pro- 
cedure consists of closing the perfo- 
rated septum under cardio-pulmonary 


by-pass. Three such procedures have 
been performed at the Montreal Heart 
Institute with gratifying results. 


Coronary artery insufficiency 
Chronic coronory insufficiency is the 
most common acquired heart condition 
of our modern time. Until recently, 
even adequate medical therapy with 
vasodilators or anticoagulants and as- 
sociated cessation of all activities was 
unable to lower the mortality rate. 
For the past 15 years various surgI- 
cal procedures have been advocated, 
primarly by Beck, O'Shaughnessy and 
Vineberg. At present, the implantation 
of the internal mammary artery (called 
Vine berg's procedure) is currently per- 
formed in some 25 Canadian and 
American centers. This experience, al- 
though recent, is quite encouraging. 
Surgical technique consists of im- 
planting a systemic artery (the internal 
mammary, an intercostal or a venous 
graft from the descending thoracic 
aorta, etc.) into a myocardial tunnel. 
For diffuse coronary artery disease, an 
epicardectomy is often added along 
with a free omental graft which is 
wrapped around the heart muscle. 
Postoperative cine-angiographic studies 
have shown beyond any doubt satis- 
factory patency of the implanted artery 
and newly developed collateral bran- 
ches. According to more recent studies, 
after eight months the blood flow into 
the implanted artery is equal to the 
flow in a normal anterior descending 
JANUARY 1967 



Fig. 3 


.. 
""- 


'" 


, 


... 


( 


coronary artery. These surgical pro- 
cedures are promising and will play 
an important role in the treatment of 
chronic coronary insufficiency. 


Traumatic heart disease 
Trauma to the heart is not always 
lethal, fortunately. If one adopts a 
prompt and aggressive attitude, it is 
possible to salvage a good proportion 
of such cases. 
All authors agree that upon admis- 
sion, when a cardiac wound is sus- 
pected, a pericardial puncture must be 
performed. By this maneuver the 
diagnosis is confirmed and cardiac 
compression, if present, is temporarily 
relieved. If cardiac tamponnade recurs, 
the heart should be explored and the 
wound sutured. 


Diseases of the heart valves 
Modem cardiac surgery is now con- 
centrating its energy in the correction 
of valvular lesions. Except in cases of 
pure and non-calcified mitral stenosis 
(..dequately treated by commissuroto- 
my) the correction of valvular disease 
requires the insertion of a prosthetic 
heart valve. A variety of prostheses are 
available, but all have the same hy- 
draulic principle of the ball-valve des- 
cribed by Starr and Edwards in 1960. 
(Figure 3.) 
The pros and cons do not differ 
much from one type to another. In all, 
anticoagulants must be prescribed for 
JANUARY 1967 


the entire life of the patient. These 
artificial valves may become partially 
dislodged, throw emboli, or become in- 
fected. More recently, Gordon Murray, 
Donald Ross, and Barrat Boyes have 
popularized the use of homograft 
valves. The danger of embolization and 
infection seems to be lessened with 
these homografts. 
At the Montreal Heart Institute, 
more than 190 patients have been 
operated on for valvular replacement. 
Of this group, 27 have had simultane- 
ous replacement of two valves, either 
the mitral and aortic in 23 cases, or 
the mitral and tricuspid in 4 cases. 
These patients were operated upon 
at a far advanced stage of the disease 
and long term results are very satis- 
factory. An impressive number of these 
patients have returned to a near 
normal and productive life. 


Conclusion 
In recent years, heart surgery has 
reached more unexplored goals than 
any other surgical discipline. Mter es- 
tablishing satisfactory procedures for 
several acquired lesions such as val- 
vular malfunctions, A V blocks and 
mechanical complications of myocar- 
dial infarction, cardiac surgery is now 
claiming continuing success in the 
revascularization of the myocardium. 
Coronary artery disease affects, in the 
United States alone, more than 25 mil- 
lion people. Most authors agree that 


Commonly used artificial heart valves. 
Left to right: Starr aortic; Starr mitral; 
Magovern aortic; Cutter; and Hufnagel 
valve. 


about 5 million such patients can now 
benefit from revascularization proce- 
dures. These accomplishments illustrate 
the enormous possibilities of surgery 
in cardiovascular ailments. A great 
number of cardiac cripples can now be 
rehabilitated to a useful life. 0 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 35 



Intensive care unit 
cardiovascular surgery 


. 
In 


An intensive care unit for patients 
having cardiovascular surgery is de- 
signed to decrease mortality rate and 
to give patients the benefit of highly 
technical care and close observation. 
Such a unit, with its up-to-date equip- 
ment and well qualified personnel, 
helps to eliminate the unfavorable 
effects of anxiety and fear that may 
predispose to postoperative complica- 
tions. 


Physical organization 
The intensive care unit for cardio- 
vascular surgery is not merely a re- 
covery room. Patients are admitted 
as soon as they come out of the operat- 
ing room and the average stay is five 
days. 
To serve both operating rooms of 
the Montreal Institute of Cardiology, 
13 beds are provided in two six-bed 
units and one isolation room. The iso- 
lation room is used to ensure quietness 
and privacy to a severely ill patient, 
to isolate a patient with an infectious, 
disease, or to permit the assembly of 
all machines and equipment together in 
one area for a seriously ill patient. 
A two-bed room is available for 
patients who have not had surgery, but 
whose condition requires close super- 
vision. This includes persons with acute 
pulmonary edema, babies or infants 
who have had heart catheterization, 
and patients being observed after atrial 
defibrillation. 
Space allotted: Approximately 108 
square feet are allotted to each patient. 
36 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


A description of the intensive care setup at the Montreal Institute of Cardiology. 


Cecile Boisvert 


This provides sufficient space for 
equipment and additional personnel in 
case of emergency. 
Direct observation: No system of 
automation, whether it be heart mon- 
itors or other electronic instruments, 
can replace direct observation. For 
this reason, the central station is 
located so that each patient can be 
watched at all times. 
Waiting room for visitors: Even 
though visits are restricted, a waiting 
room in close proximity to the post- 
operative unit is provided for parents 
and relatives. 
Air conditioning: A system of air 
conditioning is essential, not only for 
the comfort of patients and staff, but 
also to offset the heat produced by 
many electronic instruments. Ade- 
quate humidity is also required to keep 
mucous membranes moist and to 
facilitate expectoration of bronchial 
secretions. 


Equipment 
Oxygen and suction: Each unit has 
two oxygen outlets and two wall 
suction connections. One suction outlet 
is for chest drainage and the other for 
oro-nasal or endotracheal aspiration of 
our patients. 


Miss Boisvert, a graduate of St-Joseph's 
Hospital in Trois-Rivières, Québec, special- 
ized in cardiology at I'Jnstitut Marguerite 
d'Youville in Montreal. She is Head Nurse 
of the Intensive Care Unit at the Montreal 
Institute of Cardiology. 


Electrical: Electrical outlets are 
numerous since many electrical de- 
vices are used in the various types 
of treatment. Five double outlets, 
separately fused, are provided per 
patient and a special outlet is available 
in each unit for taking chest x-rays 
at the patient's bedside. 
Monitoring and alarm systems for 
emerg,encies: The heart monitor is of 
special assistance when observing pa- 
tients who have had cardiovascular 
surgery. Numerous complications and 
even fatal outcomes have been avoided 
through the use of such devices. 
A recently published report of 
research undertaken by a team of 
physicians and nurses at the Presby- 
terian Hospital of Philadelphia states: 
"If the heart rhythm can be constan- 
tly observed through the use of mon- 
itors, and if the equipment necessary 
for resuscitation is kept near the pa- 
tient, potentially fatal arrhythmias may 
be detected and treated instantly. Total 
mortality in patients having a myocar- 
dial infarct, at the acute stage, may 
thus be reduced by almost 50 per- 
cent.". 
The monitoring system at the Mon- 
treal Institute of CardiologV includes 
a central complex of monitors which 
indicate heart rhythm, ECG tracing, 


· Lawrence Meltzer. Rose Pinneo, Roderick 
Kitchell, JI/tcllsil'e Corollary Care - A 
Mal/ual for Nurses, Philadelphia. The Pres- 
byterian Hospital. 1965. 
** Ibid. 


JANUARY 1967 



. 
. 


. 


- t::1. 
- t::l. 
- t::J. 
- t=:]. 


. 


and the curve of the peripheral pulse 
of each patient. This central complex 
is located in the nursing station and 
is connected to the cardioscope at the 
bedside. 
The monitoring system also contains: 
a) An alarm system that warns the 
staff if the patient showns signs of 
ventricular fibrillation, tachycardia or 
bradycardia. 
b) A mechanism that operates auto- 
matically or on demand to provide a 
recording on paper of a particular or 
doubtful ECG tracing which the nurse 
has been able to observe on the oscil- 
loscope. These ECG tapes help the 
physician to assess the patient's condi- 
tion; for the nurse, they are indisputa- 
ble arguments to justify her observa- 
tions. 
c) A "memory tape loop" that 
records and retranscribes on paper the 
ECG of the previous three to five 
minutes. With this device, it is possible 
to determine what happened immedia- 
tely before or after the alarm was set 
into action. 
Needle electrodes: The use of needle 
electrodes for ECG has numerous ad- 
vantages. They can be installed in a 
few seconds - an essential in an 
emergency - and eliminate false 
alarms and interference because of a 
poor skin contact. 
Needle electrodes can be left in 
place five to seven days without caus- 
ing the patient discomfort. The skin 
is cleansed with alcohol before the 
JANUARY 1967 


- t::J. 
- t::J e 
- t::J. 
- t:::]. 


. 


ß 


needle is inserted, to eliminate the pos- 
sibility of infection. 


Emergency equipment 
In an intensive care unit, aU equip- 
ment and drugs must be kept in a 
central location. There can be no com- 
promise with this principle. 
Emergency cart: All equipment used 
for resuscitation is assembled on a 
mobile cart that can be rolled quickly 
from the central station to the patient's 
bedside. This represents savings both 
in time and equipment. This cart con- 
tains: a). a portable DC defibrillator 
with electrodes and conductive jelly; b). 
lung ventilation equipment, including 
"Resuscitube," intermittent positive 
pressure apparatus, and endotracheal 
tubes and laryngoscope; c). external 
heart massage equipment, including a 
wooden board, measuring about 3' x 2', 
to place under the patient's chest, or 
an automatic mechanical compressor; 
d). venous dissection equipment; e). 
tracheotomy and tracheal cannulas; 0. 
instruments necessary for emergency 
thoracotomy; g). drugs, including epi- 
nephrine, norepinephrine, Aramine, 
[suprel, bicarbonate of sodium, calcium 
chloride, and Pronestyl; h). sterile 
gloves, syringes, needles, etc. 
The contents of the emergency cart 
are checked carefully each day and 
each time after they are used. 


Personnel 
The care of patients having heart 
surgery involves team work. Good 


Eight-bed central station using Selector 
Monitor with repeat meters and alarm 
lights. A single channel recorder is in- 
cluded for automatic or manual opera- 
tion. 


results cannot be obtained without 
close cooperation between each mem- 
ber of the team. 
Surgeons assume the responsibi- 
lity for patients in the intensive care 
unit, and the residents in cardiovas- 
cular surgery are entrusted with the 
supervision of patients during the entire 
postoperative period. 
Distribution of nursing staff.' Any 
patient who has had cardiovascular 
surgery requires nursing care of a truly 
high caliber. To meet such an objec- 
tive, a strict minimum of eight hours 
care must be provided for each patient 
in a 24-hour period. The nurse's aide 
contributes by performing certain tasks, 
such as bathing the patient, changing 
his bed linen and helping him to eat. 
Selection: Careful selection of nurs- 
ing personnel is essential. Desirable 
personal attributes include: an ability 
to learn and assimilate new techniques 
quickly; emotional stability, which 
allows a person to face emergency si- 
tuations efficientlv; good health, since 
much physical effort is required in the 
unit; a marked interest in and dedica- 
tion to this type of work. 
Previous experience in a recovery 
room or intensive care unit is a great 
asset. It is not, however, a requisite for 
employment. 
Status: Because of the responsibil- 
ities that the nurses in this unit must 
assume, it is logical that they should 
have a distinctivè status and th1t their 
experience be recognized. 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 37 



INTENSIVE CARE UNIT 
IN HEART SURGERY DEPARTMENT 
CJ CJ CJ CJ 
CJ CJ CJ CJ 
CJ CJ CJ CJ 
CENTRAL MONITORING 
STATION PANEL 
+ 

 
CJ 
py 
PHARMACY 


Salary should be commensurate with 
their position. Rose Pinneo, in 
Intensive Coronary Care - A Manual 
for Nurses, suggests a salary approxi- 
mately 15 percent higher than that 
of the basic staff nurse. * * This has 
become policy at most hospitals. 


Staff orientation 
Orientation extends over a period 
of about three weeks, during which 
time the nurse is called upon to assume 
increasingly greater responsibilities. 
Under the guidance of an experienc- 
ed nurse, the new staff member has 
an opportunity to observe patients. 
This phase of learning is planned in 
advance, not left to chance. New tech- 
niques are taught whenever the occa- 
sion permits. 
The surgeons, cardiologist, and resi- 
dents present lectures and clinics for 
the nurses' benefit. Topics include: 
anatomy and physiology of the cardio- 
vascular system; pathology of the heart; 
surgical operations for heart disease; 
drugs used in heart surgery; treatment 
of various arrhythmias; postoperative 
complications and preventive measures; 
oxygen therapy; psychological prob- 
lems of patients having heart surgery; 
and rehabilitation. 
Each staff member is expected to 
learn, through personal reading. about 
ECG tracings and the various arrhyth- 
mias. 
Certain techniques and procedures 
must be learned. These include: mea- 
surement of venous pressure; ope- 
38 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


ration of the cardioscope and pace- 
maker; use of the thermo-regulator 
mattress; handling of the various res- 
pirators; techniques of resuscitation 
and external heart massage; and defi- 
brillation in ventricular fibrillation. 
At the Montreal Institute of Car- 
diology, the nurse has the right, in cer- 
tain circumstances, to carry out ven- 
tricular defibrillation, that is, to give 
the patient an electric shock of 300- 
500 watts per second. Ventricular fi- 
brillation is an extremely serious 
arrhythmia that may cause death if 
nothing is done within three minutes. 
If the nurse encounters ventricular fi- 
brillation in a patient, she must advise 
the surgeon immediately; if, after 60 
seconds, he has not arrived, she starts 
electrical defibrillation to reestablish 
normal heart rhythm. In such circums- 
tances, the surgeon assumes full res- 
ponsibility for her action. 
To familiarize the staff with proce- 
dures performed in an emergency, a 
particularly critical emergency is simul- 
ated using a dummy or a member of 
the staff as a patient. The nurse must 
act exactly as if she were faced with 
a real case of cardiac arrest or a pa- 
tient who has suddenly developed ven- 
tricular fibrillation. Her actions can 
then be assessed and she can be hel- 
ped to improve her technique and save 
time. 


Care is never routine 
Nursing care in cardiology can never 
become a matter of routine. It is given 


on an individual basis according to 
age, type of disease, seriousness of the 
illness and the patient's attitude toward 
his condition. 
The nurse must also be concerned 
with the patient's rehabilitation. She is 
in" a better position than anyone else to 
help him achieve successful rehabili- 
tation. 
Nursing care in heart surgery is a 
real challenge to any nurse. Although 
the work is exacting and the responsibi- 
lities heavy, the reward, also, is great. 
The nurse is compensated for her ef- 
forts when she sees the patient leave 
hospital improved or cured and when 
she knows that she has given him the 
best of her knowledge and skill in the 
most difficult circumstances. 0 


JANUARY 1967 



Varicose veins are characterized by 
permanent overdistention and changes 
of their waUs. This paper deals with 
varicose veins involving the super- 
ficial venous network of the lower 
limbs, especiaHy those situated along 
the internal and external saphenous 
veins. 


Etiology 
Varicose veins usually appear in the 
young adult and increase with age. 
They occur about four times more 
frequently in females than in males. 
They are observed especially in per- 
sons who must stand at their work for 
long periods without moving. Their 
development is, moreover, enhanced 
by frequent pregnancies. 
There is often a hereditary factor in- 
volved. Some persons seem to have a 
constitutional weakness of the valves of 
the veins and an abnormal propensity 
to distention of the venous walls. In 
a study of 1,500 patients with vari- 
cosities, Raymond Tournay found a 
hereditary factor in 90.6 percent. 
The maternal or the hereditary 
influence from the mother's side is 
found in 55 percent of patients. Thirty- 
three percent of the women with vari- 
cosities developed them during their 
first pregnancy. 


Physiopathology 
NormaHy, venous circulation return- 
ing from the lower limbs results from 
the suction effect of the heart and the 
pulsion effect of the muscular massage 
IANUARY 1967 


Varicose veins of the 
lower limbs 


About 10 percent of all adults over thirty-five years of age have some degree of 
varicose change in their saphenous venous system. 


Philippe Dionne, M.D. 


on the deep veins and, indirectly, on 
the superficial veins. Venous flow thus 
goes from the saphenous veins to the 
deep veins. Both mechanisms work 
against two contrary movements: res- 
piration and hydrostatic pressure. 
One theory of varicosities is that the 
venous backflow pushes the blood from 
the deep veins toward the superficial 
veins by means of communicating 
veins, causing gradual dilatation of the 
superficial veins. It is known, however, 
that these communicating veins contain 
valves that aHow the blood to circulate 
only from the surface toward the deep 
veins. (Figure 1.) Nevertheless, when 
varicose veins have already appeared, 
the valves of the communicating veins 
may be forced, little by little, allowing 
the backflow to by-pass them, thus 
increasing varicose distention. This ex- 
plains the aggravation of varicose veins. 
but not how they started. 
At the present time, Trendelenburg's 
theory is the one generally accepted: 
the appearance of varicose veins is 
related to the incompetence of the 
ostial valve situated at the opening of 
the internal saphenous vein into the 
femoral vein. (Figure 2.) The main 
branch of the internal saphenous sup- 
ports all the pressure of the abdominal- 
thoracic blood column, since there is 
no valve between this point and the 
heart. Thus, the first segment of the in- 


Dr. Dionne is a member of the surgical 
staff at SI. Vincent-de-Paul Hospital. Sher- 
brooke. Quebec. 


temal saphenous dilates, and the 
valve closing it at the lower segment is 
forced. bringing about distention of the 
second segment, and so forth. From 
one point to the next, the weight of the 
blood column exerts pressure right 
down to the lower part of the leg. 
This valvular incompetency theory 
has been proved by clinical and ex- 
perimental evidence. Other factors, 
too, may cause a lack of venous tonus 
which favors distention. 


Types 
There are two main types of vari- 
cose veins: essential or idiopathic, and 
secondary, also called substitute or 
compensating. 
All varicose veins of the lower limbs 
are superficial in nature. Certain 
authors speak of "deep" varicose veins; 
however, the anatomy and physiology 
of venous circulation in the lower limbs 
allow us to state definitely that the 
deep veins are not involved in the 
pathological enlargement. Deep varico- 
sities just do not exist. The term has 
merely been used to describe patients' 
complaints of a feeling of heaviness, 
strain. and cramps in the calves of the 
legs after a long period of standing. 
Such discomfort may be the beginning 
of the complication of internal rupture, 
which will be described later. 
Secondary or "substitute" varicose 
veins are characterized by dilatation 
of the superficial venous system. This 
dilatation acts as a compensation fol- 
lowing deep vein thrombophlebitis. 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 39 



2 


4 


Fig. 1. Diagram showing valves in a 
communicating vein. 1) Femoral vein; 
2) internal saphenous vein; 3) commu- 
nicating vein; 4) normal valve that 
opposes flow from the larger vessel 
back into the superficial vessel. 


40 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Fig. 2. Because of insufficiency of the 
ostial valve, the first segnænt of the 
internal saphenous dilates with corres- 
ponding pressure on the collateral cir- 
culation. The second valve is then 
forced and the second segmem dilates, 
and so on. 1) Femoral vein; 2) pro- 
funda femoral vein; 3) superficial 


Fig. 4. Top: After elevation of the leg, 
compression is applied to the saphenous 
vein. Middle: Leg is lowered and 
varicosities do not appear. Bottom: 
When compression is stopped the 
varicosities immediately appear. 


\. 
, 


. 


, 


, 


Fig. 3. Varicosities of lower leg. 


femoral vein; 4) first segment of 
internal saphenous vein; 5) ostial 
valve; 6) second valve,. 7) openings of 
collateral saphenous circulation. 


Fig. 5. Left: Subject standing - severe 
varicosities apparent. Middle: Subject 
lying down, leg in air - varicosities 
collapse. Right: Subject standing with 
tourniqu,et obstructing the internal 
saphenous - varicosities remain col- 
lapsed, but are scarcely visible. When 
the restriction is removed, the varico- 
sities will fill up from top of leg toward 
ankle, which indicates valvular insuf- 
ficiency at the junction of the internal 
saphenous. 


JANUARY 1967 



" 


Fig. 6. Varicose ulcer. 


Secondary varicose veins are late 
complications that can be caused by 
deep thrombophlebitis in the same man- 
ner as the post-phlebitic syndrome and 
the post-phlebitic ulcer (stasis ulcer). 
Essential or idiopathic varicose veins 
represent the group of common vari- 
cose veins that develop spontaneously 
in the absence of deep venous obstruc- 
tion. A hereditary factor is involved. 


Anatomic pathology 
At first, the clusters of varices 
remain localized in restricted areas. Af- 
ter progressing for a certain time, 
the varices finally invade the whole 
area of the internal saphenous vein 
and sometimes also the area of the 
external saphenous. 
Macroscopically, the affected veins 
are dilated, tortuous, and fluctuant, 
due to their secondary lengthening. 
Their walls are usually thin and calci- 
fied in places. The dilatations often 
wntain calcifying clots (phleboliths). 
Under a microscope, a thickening of 
the tunica can be seen in the early 
stage of the varix. Later, this is re- 
placed by atrophy with sclerosis. 
Changes occur in other tissues of 
the limb. The sclerous tissue around 
the varices finally reaches the nerves 
and the artcries; the subcutaneous cel- 
lular tissue atrophies and becomes the 
site of an edematous infiltration. The 
skin also undergoes important changes. 
It becomes white and glossy in places, 
dry, scaly, and pigmented in others. 
Eczematoid lesions appear and the skin 
JANUARY 1967 


soon becomes badly ulcerated. 


Clinical picture 
Few functional symptoms are evident 
at first. The patient may complain of 
heaviness and fatigue of the limb, with 
malleolar edema in the evening, in- 
creased by standing. Later, he may 
experience acute pain in the form of 
leg cramps. 
The physical signs consist of veins 
that are dilated in the form of bluish 
cords, and uneven flexuosities, situated 
most frequently along the internal sa- 
phena, Le., along the inner surface of 
the thigh and the leg. Varicose veins 
partly disappear when the patient is 
recumbent in the supine position. They 
can be partially reduced by pressure. 
(Figure 3.) 
The Trendelenburg test helps to de- 
termine the location of incompetent 
valves. With the patient lying down, 
the leg is elevated to empty the super- 
ficial veins. The outlet of the saphena is 
compressed and the patient then is 
asked to stand. If the ostial valve is 
incompetent, the varicose veins fill 
again suddenly from the top to the 
bottom as soon as the digital compres- 
sion is removed. (Figure 4.) 
The Trendelenburg test may also 
be used to demonstrate incompetent 
perforating veins. The limb is raised 
to empty the saphenous; the outlet of 
the saphenous is compressed, and the 
limb then is lowered without stopping 
compression. If the perforating veins 
have competent valves, the vein fills 


slowly; if the perforating veins do not 
have competent valves, filling occurs 
rapidly. (Figure 5.) The multiple-tour- 
niquet test is also helpful in locating 
the position of incompetent perforating 
veins. 
Perthes' test, which consists of com- 
pression of the saphenous trunk in the 
thigh followed by exercise carried out 
by the patient, is useful to evaluate 
the patency of the deep venous system. 
If the deep veins are blocked, the vari- 
cosities become enlarged and the pa- 
tient feels a pain in the calf of the leg. 
Phlebography supplies two types of 
information: it helps the physician to 
evaluate the deep circulation and to 
localize the incompetent perforating 
veins. 


Complications 
Complications represent the serious 
aspects of varicose veins. 
1. Rupture: External rupture occurs 
through a gradual thinning of the 
dermis over a dilated varix. Suddenly, 
without apparent cause or pain, the 
hemorrhage occurs. Although it may 
be serious, it can usually be controlled 
by elevating the limb and applying a 
pressure bandage. 
Internal rupture occurs over the 
deep veins of the calf. The patient ex- 
periences a sharp and sudden "whip- 
lash" pain followed by lameness. In the 
ensuing days a painful induration ap- 
pears over the calf of the leg, oc- 
casionally accompanied by ecchymosis. 
2. Varicose phlebitis: This com- 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 41 



plication, which generally involves the 
superficial varicose veins, is common. 
Clinically, edema and local erythema 
are noted. The venous cord becomes 
hard, knotty and painful. Sometimes 
the phlebitis will extend the entire 
length of the internal saphenous. It 
rarely gives rise to emboli, but is 
stubborn and recurring. More often 
than not, the inflammation subsides, 
leaving an indurated cord; however, 
it may progress to suppuration. 
3. Trophic skin: Patches of pig- 
mented skin and dry or oozing eczema 
are commonly found. 
4. Varicose ulcer: This is the most 
common and most serious complica- 
tion, since it resists treatment and 
recurs easily. (Figure 6.) Its pathogeny 
is complex. Nutrition of the tegument 
of a varicose limb is poor for two 
reasons: venous stasis and nerve 
changes as a result of sclerosis. 
Clinically, the varicose ulcer is observ- 
ed most frequently in the lower half 
of the inner surface of the leg. It 
begins following minimal excoriation 
of the skin, caused by trauma or 
eczema. 
The ulcer gradually enlarges and 
may reach considerable dimensions. 
Its edges are sharp, quite regular, thick 
and adherent. The base of the ulcer is 
irregular, greyish, and atonic, and 
secretes a turbid serous discharge. The 
skin surrounding the ulcer is brownish 
in color. If not treated properly, the 
ulcer gradually increases in size. With 
adequate treatment it may be cured, 
but it recurs with extreme facility. 
The common varicose ulcer must be 
differentiated from the post-phlebitic 
chronic ulcer or "stasis ulcer," which 
represents a separate entity. The latter 
is found in patients who have suffered 
deep phlebitis of the lower limbs some 
years previously and who, afterwards, 
have shown the syndrome known as 
the "post-phlebitic leg": vague pain; a 
feeling of heaviness, fatigue, and 
cramps in the affected limb; and the 
appearance of hard and sometimes 
ligneous edema. At first, the skin has 
a smooth, glossy appearance with 
brownish-red pigmentation. 
Although varicosities may not exist 
prior to or during the course of the 
42 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


phlebitis, they may appear later. After- 
ward, the ulcer sets in and resists 
almost any type of treatment. 
Our present knowledge of the causa- 
tive mechanism of "stasis ulcer" now 
enables us to treat it successfully with 
surgery. Deep thrombophlebitis, in its 
acute phase, completely blocks the 
deep vein of the limb. With time and 
treatment, the acute phase subsides. 
Later, the vein becomes more or less 
permeable again, but like a rigid tube, 
having lost its elasticity. Muscular mas- 
sage is no longer effective; hence, there 
is a backflow through the communicat- 
ing veins and a consecutive stasis in the 
superficial venous network with the 
onset of substitute varicose veins and 
a stasis ulcer. 


Treatment 
Uncomplicated essential varicose 
veins are relatively easy to manage. 
Small varices that give little trouble can 
be treated by having the patient wear 
elastic stockings; the compression thus 
achieved is sufficient to prevent the 
evolution of lesions. If, however, the 
patient refuses to wear elastic stockings 
permanently, sclerosing solutions can 
be injected particularly in the case of 
moderate and well-localized varicose 
veins. The injection of sclerosing solu- 
tions has a positive effect; this treat- 
ment involves little risk, allows the 
patient to be ambulatory, and has the 
advantage of curing the disorder with- 
out leaving scars. The injected scleros- 
ing solution induces a localized obli- 
terating endophlebitis which transforms 
the varix into a solid cord. 
The purpose of the sclerosing treat- 
ment is to prevent lesions and later 
complications from developing. It will 
give excellent results if it is started 
early and if the patient regularly visits 
his physician to have him sclerose any 
ulterior varicose dilatation. It will be 
more effective if the patient is well 
aware of his or her condition and 
understands the importance of wearing 
elastic stockings. 
If, however, the patient refuses to 
wear such stockings; if he or she does 
not want to undergo the continuous 
sclerosing treatment; if the varicose 
veins are enormous; or if the patient 


shows one of the serious complications 
of varices, surgery is the only effective 
treatment. The latter consists of the 
division of the great saphenous vein 
at the saphenofemoral junction, with 
ligation of all its collaterals, and the 
stripping of the entire internal saphe- 
nous vein from the groin to the internal 
malleolus. lf indicated, the perforating 
veins, especially those in the upper 
third of the leg, are ligated as well. 
Sclerosing solutions may be injected, 
if necessary, pre- or postoperatively to 
avoid too many scars. After surgery, a 
compression bandage is applied to the 
limb to prevent hemorrhage. 
Walking is resumed the following 
day to avoid stasis and deep thrombo- 
ses. The functional and esthetic re- 
sults of such operations are excellent. 
The destruction or eradication of 
the varicose veins by surgery automa- 
tically cures a varicose ulcer. If, 
however, the ulcer is of a large di- 
ameter, over 2 cm., for instance, its 
recurrence will be prevented by ex- 
cising the ulcerated area and applying 
a dermo-epidermal graft. 
The recurring post-phlebitic ulcer 
(stasis ulcer) is treated surgically ac- 
cording to a special technique, after 
the surgeon has made certain that the 
deep circulation is adequate. The ulcer 
is widely excised to the level of the 
fascia; then, the underlying perforating 
veins are ligated even beyond the 
fascia to block the backflow to the 
surface. Frequently, the detachment of 
a large flap that includes the fascia 
helps the surgeon to ligate the perforat- 
ing veins beyond the ulcerated areas. 
Finally, a dermo-epidermal graft com- 
pletes the procedure. 
Secondary varicose veins that ac- 
company the ulcer are treated as essen- 
tial varicose veins. Faced with a 
varicose ulcer and varices complicated 
by obstruction of the deep circulation, 
the surgeon has the worst problem to 
solve. The stripping of part of the 
varicose veins may improve the limb. 
In addition, instructions to the patient 
about the importance of decreasing 
stasis and avoiding trauma, even the 
slightest one, may help him to avoid 
complications and minimize his dis- 
ability. 0 
JANUARY 1967 



The patient who is to have ligation 
and stripping of varicose veins is 
usually admitted one or two days prior 
to surgery. Preoperative nursing care 
is started immediately. 


Preoperative care 
The patient is allowed out of bed 
only to go to the washroom. She wears 
elastic bandages on her legs at all times 
to prevent blood stasis in the veins. 
The nurse explains and demonstrates 
the correct procedure for applying the 
bandages. 
Two four-inch-wide bandages are 
used for each leg and are applied by 
the patient before rising in the morn- 
ing. Prior to this she elevates both 
legs for about four minutes to drain 
blood from the veins by gravity. 
To be useful, the bandages must be 
applied correctly. Wrapping should 
start close to the toes, with three turns 
around the foot and three figure-8 
turns around the ankle. The second 
bandage is then continued up the leg, 
using spiral-reverse turns to provide 
better support and to avoid uncomfort- 
able folds. The compression of the 
bandage must be strong over the feet 
but less at the ankles and the calves, 
to avoid edema of the feet and toes. 
The foot of the bed should be raised 
by two or three notches (about eight 
inches). 
Physical preparation also includes 
teaching the patient the various respir- 
atory and spirometric exercises that 
she will be required to carry out post- 
operatively. 
JANUARY 1967 


Nursing care in 
. . 
varicose vein surgery 


Teaching the patient ways to help prevent the recurrence of 
varicosities is an important aspect of care. 


Murielle Rodrigue 


Psychological preparation is as im- 
portant as physical. All procedures are 
explained to the patient, and she is 
given an opportunity to express her 
fear of pain and discomfort. In certain 
cases, apprehension may be due to 
fear of the recurrence of the varico- 
sities after surgery. The nurse explains 
that the operation is a successful form 
of treatment, and that active treatment 
at this stage will avoid later complica- 
tions such as phlebitis, ruptures, vari- 
cose dermatitis and ulcers. 
On the evening before surgery the 
pubis and both legs are shaved. Shav- 
ing is done carefully, since the skin 
over the varicose veins is very thin and 
fragile. Cuts and scratches could lead 
to infection and thus to postponement 
of the surgery. The risk of infection is 
reduced by applying Betadine soap, 
which contains 0.75 percent of free 
iodine, to the legs. 
The nurse takes this opportunity to 
explain to the patient the dangers of 
using a depilatory cream, especially if 
there is an ulcer. These substances are 
much too irritating for delicate skin 
and may cause a dermatitis to develop. 


Postoperative care 
A cradle is placed on the patient's 
bed to prevent the weight of the bed- 
clothes from resting directly on her 
legs. The foot of the bed remains rais- 


Miss Rodrigue is Supervisor and Clinical 
Instructor of Surgical Nursing at the St. 
Vincent de Paul General Hospital School 
of Nursing in Sherbrooke. Quebec. 


ed by 8 inches to aid venous return. 
In addition to routine supervision, 
the nurse closely observes the incisions 
in the region of the groin, knee or 
instep for possible hemorrhage or 
hematomas. If there is bleeding, she 
applies manual pressure over the area 
and notifies the doctor. She also notes 
the color of the skin and any edema of 
the toes. 
Except by order of the physician, 
bandages around the legs are not re- 
moved. Only the surgeon or his assis- 
tant changes the dressings. 
The patient is encouraged to move 
her toes, ankles, and legs as soon as 
possible after the operation, even if 
this is painful. The nurse remains with 
her as she attempts these exercises for 
the first time, to give her moral sup- 
port. She explains that the stitches will 
not give and that the sooner and more 
frequently the patient makes these 
movements, the sooner the pain will 
disappear. Generally the patient is al- 
lowed to walk the day after surgery. 


Early ambulation 
The patient may complain of a tug- 
ging pain over the groin, caused by 
the dressing and the stitches, when she 
first walks. She is warned not to touch 
the dressings, as there is a risk of 
contaminating the wound. If edema ap- 
pears in the limb during ambulation, 
the patient is put back to bed with 
her legs raised on pillows. 
The patient should walk about and 
not remain standing. It is preferable 
for her to get up several times a day 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 43 



for short periods each time. When she 
is sitting, she should prop her legs on 
a stool. 


t 


Convalescence 
The nurse gives the patient general 
instructions about future care to 
prevent the recurrence of varicosities. 
She advises the patient to continue to 
wear the elastic bandages until the 
doctor suggests that she wear elastic 
stockings. Both stockings and bandages 
should be put on in the morning and 
left on until bedtime. 
The patient is told that she can 
prevent dryness of the skin and scaling 
by applying vaseline or a lanoline-base 
oil; any other medicated ointment 
should be avoided. In addition, she 
should not scratch her legs, because of 
the danger of producing a varicose der- 
matitis. 
The nurse explains why the patient 
should avoid wearing stocking sus- 
penders or panty girdles which com- 
press the veins in the area of the groin 
and the thigh. She warns the patient 
against crossing her legs when sitting, 
and standing for prolonged periods. 
She suggests that the patient should 
raise the foot of her bed at night, and, 
two or three times during the day, 
allow about 20 to 30 minutes of rest 
with legs elevated. 
The patient is told to avoid any 
trauma that might bruise, scratch or 
cut her legs. If her limb is injured in 
any way, she should inform her phy- 
sician. 
Patients suffering from varicose 
veins should consult their physician 
regularly two or three times a year, 
especially if they have undergone 
surgery. This enables the surgeon to 
give better follow-up care to his patient 
and to find out if she has really 
followed his instructions. 0 


, \ 


- 


} 


\ 


.... 


... 


.. 


The nurse explains and demonstrates 
the correct procedure for applying 
elastic bandages to the legs. 
JANUARY 1967 


44 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Effectiveness of nursing visits 
to primigravida mothers 


The purpose of this project was to 
study the effects of public health 
nursing visits on the concerns of the 
young primigravida mother with her 
first baby. Two groups of mothers 
were used: one group had public health 
nursing visits, and the second group 
had no visits by a public health nurse. 
The concerns of the mothers in the 
study were assessed at two time in- 
tervals: once during the mother's stay 
in hospital, and again after she had 
been at home with her infant for four 
weeks. 


Need for the study 
The increasing demands for service 
from the other program areas of pub- 
lic health nursing have focused atten- 
tion on the traditional maternal and 
child health services of the public 
health agencies. Public health nurses 
are faced with the dilemma of con- 
tinuing with an established educational 
program or of abandoning it in favor 
of the pressing needs to provide new 
home care programs or rehabilitative 
services. 
Two arguments are most frequently 
used for either changing or maintain- 


Miss Brown, a 1965 CNF Scholar, is a 
lecturer at the University of Western Ontario 
School of Nursing, London, Ontario. She 
based this article on a project completed 
in 1965 as partial requirement for her 
M.S.N. degree at Western Reserve Univer- 
sity, Cleveland, Ohio. The complete thesis 
has been deposited in the CNA library. 
JANUARY 1967 


On testing the hypotheses that primigravida mothers who had public health 
nursing visits during and at the end of their first four weeks at home would have 
fewer, and less intense, concerns about infant care than mothers who did not 
receive visits, the author reached some surprising conclusions. 


Louise S. Brown, B.Sc.N., M.S.N. 


ing the nursing service. One IS that 
the mother of today receives all the 
help she needs from her family physi- 
cian and from the body of knowledge 
she has acquired through her reading 
and general education. The public 
health nurse, therefore, would spend 
her time more profitably by limiting 
her visits to those families who either 
have requested her visits or who have 
obvious health needs. This means 
that routine visits to all postpartum 
mothers should be eliminated and 
only visits on a priority basis be under- 
taken by the public health nurse. 
The other point of view is that the 
maternal and child health program is 
the basis of a public health nursing 
service, and through it many beginning 
health problems are discovered. It is 
in this early mother-child relationship 
that the foundations are laid for the 
child's future development and health.! 
The public health nurse is most help- 
ful by providing assistance to the 
mother in understanding her child's 
growth and development and her new 
role as a mother. To do this effective- 
ly, she needs to visit the homes of all 
new parents to assess how she can 
help these expanding families. While 
assisting the young parent, the public 
health nurse also achieves two of the 
basis tenets of a public health service: 
the promotion of health, and the pre- 
vention of disease. 
The Expert Committee of the World 
Health Organization states that a pro- 
gram of health services will be effective 


if it is built on the needs of the people 
served.:! The public health nursing 
programs must meet the same cri- 
terion. Research is needed to determine 
the needs of the mother and the effect 
of public health nursing visits on these 
needs. Until this kind of information 
is available, there is no scientific evi- 
dence to support either of the two 
previously stated points of view, that 
is, to limit or to expand the public 
health nursing program in maternal 
and child health. 
The investigator developed the fol- 
lowing research design to discover the 
concerns of the new mother and the 
effect of public health nursing visits 
on her concerns. 


Review of the literature 
No literature is available on the ef- 
fectiveness of public health nursing vis- 
its to the primigravida mother. There 
are, in fact, only a few studies 3 . 4. 5. 6. 7 
that discuss the public health nursing 
programs in the area of the mother 
and her infant. * These studies have 
assessed the existing services in ma- 
ternal and child health at prenatal 
classes child health centers, and in 
home visits. Of the studies, only those 


* Since this study was completed, another 
study by Dr. H. Carpenter has been publish- 
ed: The Need for Assistance of Mothers 
with Their First Babies During the Three- 
Month Period Following the Baby's Birth. 
Toronto, Univ. of Toronto, School of Nurs- 
ing. Alumni Assoc., 1965. 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 45 



done by Hunter and Carpenter
' a 
focus upon the help the public health 
nurse provides in her home visits to 
the mother with her newborn infant. 
A study done by Adams, R while not 
discusing the role of the public health 
nurse, explores in detail the "early 
concerns" of the primigravida mother 
about the care of her infant during 
the first four weeks at home. 
Hunter's study analyzes the routine 
visits made by public health nurses in 
a large city to all newborn infants. 
The method of study is to ask the 
public health nurse to complete a 
questionnaire following each of 10 
visits to a mother and her newborn 
infant. The result is an interpreta- 
tion of the value of the service by 
the participating public health nurses. 
Eighty-one percent of the nursing visits 
are judged to be valuable. The study 
concludes that the service is meeting 
a need but that the need has changed. 
The physical needs of the infant have 
become less of a problem to the mother 
since, in most cases, the mother is 
able to handle this herself. The new 
needs are reported to be: the mother's 
feeling toward her baby, her own 
problems, and problems in family 
dynamics. 4 
I Carpenter's study is an analysis of 
home visits by the public health nurse 
to mothers of newborn infants resid- 
ing within the area of a health unit. 
The home visits are analyzed through 
the use of tape recorders and ob- 
servers. It is found that of the 38 
mothers of first children, 20 asked 
the nurses about the normal growth 
and development of their children. 3 
What these questions are, and how 
the public health nurse assisted the 
mothers in finding the answers is not 
reported. ** Because of the anxiety 
expressed to the nurses and the reports 
made by the observers, Carpenter re- 
commends in her study that the mother 
with her first baby should be given 
priority upon public health nursing 
time. She recommends, also, that to 
be most useful, this service should be 
available as soon as possible after the 
mother's return home from hospital. 3 
The third study by Adams is an 
exploratory one to determine: 1. the 
concerns of the primigravida mother 
in caring for her infant; 2. how these 
change over a period of time; and, 
3. whether or not they are related to 
the infant's birthweight. The samples 
used are 20 primigravida mothers of 


** Carpenter's second study of the need 
for assistance of mothers with first babies 
identifies many concerns about infant care. 
Most of these concerns are used by this 
investigator in developing the tool for as- 
sessing the effects of public health nursing. 
46 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


infants of normal birthweight and 20 
primigravida mothers of infants of 
premature birth weight. The 40 mothers 
are interviewed at three time periods 
throughout the first month of infant 
care, once in the hospital and twice 
at home. Five areas of worries are 
described: feeding, bathing, crying, 
care of the navel, and/or circumcision, 
and other. Feeding is the major con- 
cern for all mothers throughout the 
month. "Other concerns" rank second, 
and crying is third. Birthweight does 
not influence the results of the study. 
 
rt is further stated that the early 
days of care in the hospital and at 
home may be times of "special needs" 
for new mothers. Mothers of infants 
of premature weight in the study rely 
on nurses in helping to care for their 
newborn infants. Mothers of children 
of normal birthweight use their family 
and friends to help them. It is not 
reported whether or not public health 
nursing visits were made to all the 
mothers in the study. A recommenda- 
tion made in this study is that a nurse 
working closely with the physician 
could answer the mother's questions 
and convey information to him about 
the mother's progress in caring for 
her infant. 8 
In summary, the studies by Hunter 
and Carpenter approach the public 
health nursing services through the 
public health nurse. No attempt is 
made to ascertain from the mother 
what her concerns are in regard to 
infant care.t The study by Adams, 
on the other hand, concentrates on the 
mother's concerns, but there is no evi- 
dence that the effect of the public 
health nurse is considered. 
Because of the lack of literature 
about the effect of public health nurs- 
ing visits on the fears of mothers in 
caring for their infants, the following 
research proiect was developed to 
examine it. The design combines the 
studies done by the aforementioned 
investigators, the effects of the public 
health nursing service, and the con- 
cerns of the mother about infant care. 
The primigravida mother is begin- 
nine; her experience as a mother and 
will not have learned to adjust to the 
problems of child care, while the 
mother with other children has learned 
how to care for infants and has an 
established pattern of child-rearing 
methods. The primigravida mother has 
many problems associated with infant 
care as demonstrated by Adams' study. 
She seems to want help as indicated 
bv Hunter and Carpenter. The mother 
with her first-born child was selected 


t In the second study by Carpenter, infor- 
mation is obtained from the mothers to as- 
certain their needs. 


for this project because of the above 
observations. The study by Adams 
was of considerable value in defining 
terms and in the construction of the 
instrument used in this study. 


Hypotheses tested 
For the purpose of this study, the 
following hypotheses were tested: 
I. Primigravida mothers who have 
public health nursing visits will have 
significantly fewer concerns about the 
care of their infants than mothers 
who do not have public health nurs- 
ing visits during the first four weeks 
they are at home with their infants. 
2. Primigravida mothers who have 
public health nursing visits will have 
a significantly greater reduction in the 
intensity of the concerns that still re- 
main at the end of the four weeks at 
home than those mothers who do not 
have public health nursing visits. 


Terminology 
Primigravida mother as us
d in this 
study is a woman who has given birth 
to her first child and who has never 
lost a previous pregnancy. 
A concern is any aspect of infant 
care that worries a new mother. 
Intensity of concern is the degree 
of the concern as judged by the mother 
on a scale ranging from no concern to 
extremely concerned. 
Newborn infant is any infant born 
to the mothers in the sample who are 
of normal birthweight and are without 
any physical defects. 
Public health nursing visits are visits 
made by a nurse employed by a volun- 
tary or an official health agency to 
the primigravida mother in her home. 


Methodology 
The mothers in this study were 
drawn from the regular admissions to 
the maternity wards of primigravida 
mothers after their delivery. Their se- 
lections was made according to the fol- 
lowing criteria: 
1. The mother is 20 to 29 years 
of age inclusive. 
2. The pregnancy is without recog- 
nized complications. 
3. The mother does not have an as- 
sociated illness and is well and able 
to care for her infant. 
4. The mother has delivered a normal 
infant of normal birthweight and with 
no physical defects. 
5. The mother and her child are 
under the care and supervision of a 
family physician. 
6. The mother is married and living 
with her husband. 
7. The husband is currently employed 
or has a means of income not con- 
sidered to be welfare. 
Two hospitals were used in the 
JANUARY 1967 



, 


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, 
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IANUARY 1967 


- 
...... 



 
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, 


... 


;. 


., ... 


, . 


.... 


.. 


study and the first 20 mothers who 
met the criteria from each hospital 
were designated as Group A and 
Group B respectively. Group A moth- 
ers had visits from a public health 
nurse and Group B mothers did not 
have public health nursing visits. 
The sample mothers were contacted 
twice: on the third or fouth day post- 
partum in hospital, and after they had 
been at home caring for their infants 
for four weeks. At both of these times 
the mother was asked to complete the 
same questionnaire about infant care. 
In hospital the mothers were contacted 
personally by the investigator. The 
second contact was made by mail. 
The instrument used in the study 
was a questionnaire developed by the 
investigator from her personal exper- 
iences as a public health nurse and 
from writings on child care, especially 
the article by Adams. 8 It attempted 
to assess the level and intensity of the 
mother's concerns about infant care in 
the following broad areas: bathing, 
crying, feeding, elimination, routine 
care, and sleeping. Three of these 
areas, feeding, crying, and bathing, 
were found by Adams to be problems 
for the mothers. 
The mothers were also asked to 
rank the six areas of infant care in 
order of their importance to them and, 
after four weeks, to indicate the three 
most helpful persons to them during 
the past four weeks, and the number 
of physician contacts they had made. 
Identifying data about the mothers 
were taken as well as some indication 
of their knowledge and experience in 
child care. 
The chi-square test was used to 
support or reject hypothesis one. The 
test for hypothesis two was the Mann- 
Whitney V-test. Any differences oc- 
curring beyond the 5' percent level of 
chance were considered significant in 
applying these tests. 


The findings 
Forty primigravida mothers were in 
the sample and all 40 mothers return- 
ed the first questionnaire. All but one 
returned the second questionnaire. 
This mother was in the group with 
public health nursing visits. 
The tests revealed that for this study 
the two groups of mothers could be 
considered to be from the same popu- 
lation except for the level of educa- 
tion and the number of mothers who 
worked following their marriages. The 
non-service group of mothers had a 
higher educational level, worked less 
frequently following their marriages, 
and tended to have more help at home 
with their infants. The control group 
of mothers lived in a geographically 
different community from the mothers 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 47 



with public health nursing service. No 
attempt was made to assess the socio- 
economic levels of the parents. The 
mothers in Group B probably had 
an advantage here as well, since educa- 
tion is one indicator of this status. 


Hypothesis One 
In general, sample A mothers in- 
dicated more concerns at time one in 
all areas of infant care except crying. 
This group had more "not stated" re- 
sponses than Group B. At time two, 
the same trends continued with one 
exception. The test mothers also re- 
ported fewer concerns than the control 
group about feeding their infants. 
Bathing: Both groups showed a re- 
duced number of concerns about bath- 
ing their infants from time one to time 
two. Although these results were great- 
er for the mothers with nursing care, 
the difference was not significant and 
hypothesis one was not supported. 
Crying: The number of concerns 
about the crying of the infants was 
significantly reduced for each group 
after four weeks. The results, how- 
ever, did not indicate a significant 
enough difference between the two 
groups to support hypothesis one for 
crying. 
Feeding: At time one, the mothers 
in sample A had significantly more 
concerns about the feeding of their 
infants. At time two, there was a sig- 
nificant reduction in the conceFns of 
the primigravidas with nursing care, 
while the mothers without this help 
did not achieve this. Hypothesis one 
was supported for feeding. 
Elimination: No real difference was 
indicated for either group of mothers 
after four weeks of caring for their 
children. Hypothesis one was not sup- 
ported for the primigravida mother's 
concern about her infant's elimination. 
Routine care: Although each group 
of mothers was able to reduce her 
concerns about the routines of infant 
care significantly from the time in 
hospital, the difference between the 
groups after four weeks was not ade- 
quate to support the hypothesis. 
Sleeping: The control mothers show- 
ed significantly fewer concerns about 
the sleeping habits of their infants 
than the mothers with nursing care 
at both times. The change in the num- 
ber of concerns from time one to time 
two, however, was not significant 
enough between the groups to support 
the hypothesis. 


Hypothesis Two 
In general, at time one in hospital, 
the scores of the intensity of the con- 
cerns about all areas of infant care 
were higher for those primigravidas 
who had public health nursing visits. 
48 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


At time two, the total scores for each 
concern was reduced except for sam- 
ple B in the area of sleeping. This 
score was elevated at time two. 
Bathing: Both groups of mothers 
showed a reduction in the intensity of 
their concerns in this area to well 
below the level of chance over the 
four-week period. The difference be- 
tween the groups, however, was not 
sufficient to support hypothesis two 
for bathing. 
Crying: After four weeks at home, 
the mothers in sample A had not 
shown a significant reduction in the 
intensity of their concerns over their 
infants' crying. This, however, did not 
hold for the mothers without nursing 
care. The results obtained were very 
significant and in the opposite direc- 
tion to that proposed by the researcher. 
Feeding: The in-hospital data col- 
lected from the mothers were signifi- 
cant for the mothers in the test group. 
These mothers had a much higher 
intensity score about the feeding of 
their infants. After four weeks they 
were able to reduce this score to a 
level of probability of less than .005. 
Group B, on the other hand, had no 
significant change in either direction. 
Hypothesis number two was accepted. 
Elimination, routine care, and sleep- 
ing: The null hypothesis was accepted 
for these three areas. No statistically 
significant data were obtained and 
hypothesis two was -not supported. 
Public health nursing visits made no 
appreciable difference in the intensity 
of the mothers' concerns about the 
elimination, routine care, or the sleep- 
ing of their infants. 
For both groups of mothers at the 
two times, crying ranked first and 
feeding second. There was some shift- 
ing of the other four areas at the two 
times tested, and the differences ob- 
tained are questionable as to prefer- 
ence over another concern. 
A difference also appears in com- 
paring the ranks of the mothers in this 
study with areas of concern as found 
by Adams. 8 The sample as a whole 
placed crying first and feeding second. 
In Adams' study, the reverse was 
found. Primigravida mothers with and 
without nursing service listed their 
husbands first and their mothers sec- 
ond in terms of helpfulness to them 
over the four-week period. The third 
most helpful person for group A moth- 
ers was the public health nurse. She 
was ranked first by three of eight pri- 
migravidas in the sample. 
In all cases, it was the mother who 
was visited by the nurse from the 
voluntary agency who indicated the 
nurse as helpful. In one unsolicited 
response, however, a mother who was 
visited by a nurse from the official 


agency wrote in the following state- 
ment at the end of a lengthy note 
about her infant's crying: "I found that 
if for nothing else it helps to talk with 
the public health nurse because it reas- 
sures you and you can ask about small 
worries without having to disturb your 
doctor." 
In third place for Group B mothers 
was a variety of other family mem- 
bers. The physician was placed fifth 
by both groups. 
The number of physician contacts 
also varied for each group. The moth- 
ers with nursing visits had an average 
of 2.5 physician visits, while the 
mothers without nursing had an aver- 
age of 2.0 visits. 
Two mothers from sample A and 
three mothers from sample B had no 
contact with their physicians during 
the period of the study. The maximum 
number was five contacts made by 
two primigravida mothers in Group A. 
One mother in Group B had as many 
as 10 contacts with her physician dur- 
ing the study period. 


Discussion and conclusion 
The long term purpose of this study 
was to find objective evidence to use 
in the following controversy in public 
health nursing programs: the contin- 
uance of a maternal and child health 
program as opposed to the curtailment 
of this service in favor of newer pro- 
grams in other areas. The literature 
available to the investigator was limit- 
ed and none of the reports attempted 
to compare two groups of primigravida 
mothers - one with nursing care and 
one without - to clarify the effects 
of public health nursing services. The 
results of the present study do not 
strongly support either of the two 
arguments. In spite of limitations in 
its sampling, the data do point out 
pertinent directions for further study 
of the controversy. 
The major findings of this study 
were: The public health nurses had a 
positive effect upon both the number 
and intensity of the primigravida moth- 
er's concerns about the feeding of her 
infant. A second major finding was in 
the opposite direction than predicted 
by the investigator. Although no differ- 
ence was found with the group of moth- 
ers who had public health nursing care 
for numbers of concerns about crying, 
the primigravida mothers who did not 
have visiting nurses had a greater re- 
duction in the intensity of their con- 
cerns about their infant's crying. 
In comparing the changes that oc- 
curred within each group over the 
four weeks for the total sample, there 
was no reduction made in either the 
number or the intensity of concerns 
about the infant's sleeping. Bathing 
JANUARY 1967 



concerns were reduced both in num- 
ber and intensity for all primigravidas. 
No reduction in the intensity of the 
concerns for elimination and feeding 
was evident, although the numbers of 
these concerns were reduced for all 
primigravidas over the four weeks. 
The findings relating to feeding and 
crying suggest that the effects of pub- 
lic health nursing visits require further 
study. Why do mothers without nurs- 
ing care have reduced intensity of con- 
cerns about crying? Why does the pub- 
lic health nurse produce improvement 
in the mother's concerns only in the 
area of feeding? Answers may be with 
the quality of an instrument to assess 
these areas accurately and it may also 
be in the quality of the nursing service 
given. Such questions could be answer- 
ed by further study using three groups 
of mothers: one without public health 
nursing, one with the usual public 
health nursing, and a third group of 
mothers given excellence in nursing 
care by a select group of nurses with 
controlled supervision. 
Another factor that influences the 
number and intensity of concerns lies 
with the mothers and cannot be con- 
trolled. The mother, in hospital before 
she has had any experience with her 
own infant, seems unable to assess ac- 
curately what areas will be of concern 
to her and how much of a concern. 
Some areas that are not problems in 
hospital become major problems as 
the child grows. Other concerns disap- 
pear completely as the new mother 
benefits from her experience. All the 
mothers in the sample ranked crying 
as number one and feeding as number 
two while in hospital, and later after 
four weeks. Adams also found crying 
of major importance but it was second 
to feeding. s In that study, however, 
no public health nursing services were 
available and half of the mothers gave 
birth to premature children. 
The results in the present study are 
ambiguous. Feeding was positively im- 
proved for the mothers with nursing 
service. Still, these mothers ranked 
feeding second as did the non-service 
mothers. Crying was reduced in in- 
tensity for non-service mothers, yet 
they continued to rank it first as did 
the mothers with nursing service. The 
limitation in the study's sampling ap- 
pears to have some influence on this. 
A possible cultural variation in what 
is seen as a concern appeared between 
the two groups before the mothers had 
any experience with their children. 
Some of the non-service group of 
mothers also had "extended visits" 
with their infants in hospital plus ad- 
ditional help in the home, which may 
have influenced their interpretation 
and intensity of concerns. 
JANUARY 1967 


A very important finding in this 
study results from the ranking of in- 
dividuals in terms of "helpfulness." 
There is, in fact, a need to clarify this 
whole area. Mothers in the entire sam- 
ple ranked their husbands first and 
their mothers second in helpfulness. 
Those mothers with public health nurs- 
ing services ranked the nurse third, 
while the non-public health nursing 
group ranked other family members 
third. The question of how a mother 
views help is not answered in this 
study. It is observed. however, that the 
primigravida's husband and mother are 
with her throughout the 24-hour pe- 
riod, and undoubtedly give assistance 
in the care of the baby and home. 
Physician services were used differ- 
ently by the two groups. The mothers 
with public health nursing care con- 
tacted their physicians more often and 
only two in the group were in touch 
with him as many as five times. On 
the other hand, those primigravida 
mothers without service reported con- 
tacting their physicians less often. One 
mother, however, stated that she con- 
tacted her physician 10 times in the 
four weeks. The investigator believes 
that the mothers with nursing care 
used their physician services more 
wisely than the mothers without care. 
Before this conclusion can be made, 
however, further study of this whole 
area of "helpfulness" and what per- 
sons are "helpful" is needed. 
As stated previously, more work is 
needed to improve the sensitivity of 
the study's instrument and its ability 
to discriminate differences. The weight 
assigned by the mother was not ac- 
curately assessed. One mother ranked 
feeding first, but in ranking the scores 
for her, crying was first and feeding 
further down the list. In reviewing her 
responses, it is observed that she had 
fewer concerns about feeding and that 
only one of these did she rate high in 
intensity. This aspect concerned the 
amount of breast milk the baby should 
get. Clearly, the mother ranked this 
above all others. Before using this ins- 
trument in further studies, all non-dis- 
criminating items need to be removed. 


Summary 
The results of this study clearly 
point to a revision of the instrument 
and further study of the concerns of 
primigravida mothers. The addition of 
a third group of mothers who receive 
skilled public health nursing care 
under controlled supervision, plus the 
opportunity of rooming-in with their 
infants in hospital, is also indicated. 
An additional study is the whole area 
of "helpfulness"; how a mother in- 
terprets help; whom she sees as help- 
ful persons; and what they contribute. 


References 
I. Morris, Marian G. The claiming-identi- 
fication processes - their meaning for 
mother-child mental health. Amer. J. 
Orthopsychiat. 25: 303-4, 1965. 
2. World Health Organization. ExperT COIII- 
mittel' on Nursing. Technical Report 
Series, no. 167. Geneva. 1959. 
3. Carpenter, H. et al. An Alwlysi.ç of HOllie 
Visits to Newborn Infants. Toronto, East 
York Leaside Health Unit, 1960. 
4. Hunter, T. et al. Routine home visits to 
newborn infants by public health nurses. 
Can ad. J. Public Health 53: 371-376. 
1962. 
5. Mann, D. et al. Educatin{? Expectant 
Parents. New York, V.N.A. of New 
York, 1961. 
6. Martin, G.K. and Ladd, K.B. Maternal 
and child services, Ontario, 1958. Canad. 
J. Public Health 51: 111-119, 1960. 
7. Shyne, A.W. et al. Servin!? the Ma/emit)' 
Patient ThrouRh Family-Centered Publir 
Health Nursing. New York. Community 
Service Society of New York. 1962. 
8. Adams, Martha. Early concerns of pri- 
migravida mothers regarding infant care 
activities. Nurs. Res. 12: 72-77, 1963. 
9. Seigel. S. Nonparame/ric Stati.ç/ics For 
the Behm';oral Sciences. New York, 
McGraw-HilI, 1956. 0 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 49 



"Project Bed Rest" originated in 
June ] 965 during discussion periods 
in our medical nursing clinics. As in- 
termediate students we were concerned 
about the how, when, what, and why 
of health teaching. We agreed that 
when teaching medical patients our 
emphasis should be on both rest and 
activity. 
First of all we considered the mean- 
ing of "rest" and other terms used to 
describe rest and activity for patients. 
As each of us interpreted "complete 
bed rest" and "bed rest," we realized 
that there was considerable difference 
of opinion regarding what instruction 
should be given to patients. Jf a similar 
confusion of terms existed in the minds 
of doctors, nurses, auxiliary workers, 
and patients, how inconsistent the nurs- 
ing care must be! 
We decided that if guide lines for 
teaching medical patients could be es- 
tablished, this problem might be solv- 
ed. With the help of two of our medical 
nursing instructors, we drew up a plan 
to study the whole subject of rest, to 
define the terms "comp]ete bed rest" 
and "bed rest," and to gain approval 
of the appropriate groups in the hos- 
pitaL Thus, project bed rest was 
launched with an overall objective to 
provide more consistent nursing care 
for medical patients. 
The first task was to clarify the 
purposes of the project. These were: 
]. To provide con!>istent care re- 
garding rest and activity throughout the 
50 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Project bed rest 


Six enterprising students at the Calgary General Hospital School of Nursing 
conceived, designed and launched a unique plan to make nursing care for the 
medical patient more consistent. 


L. Dahl, M. Smith, B. Fowle, J. Hutchison, R. Graham, and D. Black 


patient's period of hospitalization. 
2. To help the patient understand 
his program of care, participate in it 
and see his progress. 
3. To improve communication 
among doctors, nurses, other staff, pa- 
tients, and patients' relatives. 
4. To aid in the orientation of nurs- 
ing students, new graduates, and other 
staff. 
5. To aid in the teaching of new 
nursing students in the nursing arts 
program. 
The second step in the project was to 
define and clarify the terms relating to 
rest and activity, namely: ]. complete 
bed rest; 2. bed rest; and 3. progres- 
sive activity. 


Steps 10 obtain approval 
To obtain approval for the accept- 
ance and implementation of project 
bed rest, many steps were involved. At 
each level of approval the purposes 
and specific definitions of the project 
were presented in detail. We empha- 
!>ized that staff would not be expected 
to adhere rigidly to the definitions but. 
rather, that each section could serve as 
a guide for all personnel on the health 
team. Alterations as specified by the 
doctor might be required for individual 
patients. 
Since the project was initiated by 
nursing students, the first step was to 
gain the approval of the faculty of 
the school of nursing. The plan for 
rest and activity was presented at a 


faculty meeting. With some minor re- 
visions, it was unanimously and en- 
thusiastically endorsed. The faculty 
suggested that the plan be utilized in 
all clinical areas of the hospital. 
Next, the revised plan was presented 
to the director of nursing service, 
supervisors, and head nurses at a staff 
meeting. Also present at this meeting 
was a consultant cardiologist who had 
expressed interest in project bed rest 
and had offered helpful suggestions, 
especially in defining progressive acti- 
vity. Again, the plan was readily ac- 
cepted and approved for all clinical 
areas. 
Having received support from the 
faculty and all nursing service person- 
nel, we next sought the approval of the 
hospital administrator. He reviewed 
the plan several times and made some 
very helpful suggestions. 
The final step was to present the 
plan to the medical advisory com- 
mittee. The administrator explained the 
proposed plan to the committee, and 
its members gave us enthusiastic sup- 
port and approval. 


Implementation 
Project bed rest was now ready 
to be implemented. The responsibility 
for making the plan operational was 
accepted by a nursing service commit- 
tee under the chairmanship of a head 
nurse. The written material was dis- 
tributed to all nursing units and to 
staff doctors. Individual copies of the 
JANUARY 1967 




 


. 


- - 


. 
,. 


\ 
;\
 


1 


- 


... 


I 
-\ 
,," -!I'
: .f 


-- ' 
,,' J 
i 
 . t 
\' 
.
 



 



 


particular phase or phases of rest 
ordered were given to patients with 
verbal explanations. All groups con- 
cerned with the project recognized that 
the guide lines would have to be inter- 
preted to new staff, as well as to in- 
coming patients, if project bed rest 
were to be successful. 0 


\....... 


Complete Bed Rest 
1. To stay in bed at all times. 


Bed Rest 


2. a. To be fed. 
b. To restrict movements. 


I. To stay in bed at all times. except for use of commode 
chair. 


3. To be bathed every second day or p.r.n. (minimal 
linen change) 
To have total mouth care after meals. 
To have hair shampoo once per week, if ordered, in 
bed. 


2. To feed self; food must be set up. e.g.. meat cut. bread 
buttered, etc. 
3. To be bathed. but may wash face, hands and finish 
bath. 
To remain in bed while linen is changed. 
To give self total mouth care after meals. 
To have shampoo weekly. if ordered, in bed. 
4. To shave self. 
To apply own cosmetics. 
5. To have half-hour rest periods between 2, 3, and 4 
above. 


4. To be shaved. 
To have cosmetics applied. if desired. 
5. To have half-hour rest periods between 2, 3. and 4 
above. 


6. To be turned q.2h. as tolerated, and raised up in bed 
by staff (lifting sheet required, e.g., sheepskin). 
7. To have passive movements b.i.d. to all joints for 5 
minutes and deep breathing exercises q.lh. (10-12 deep 
breaths). Should wiggle toes, fingers, feet, wrists, q. Ih. 
8. To have visitors restricted to immediate family (5 min.). 
one at a time. 


6. To turn self by rolling from side to side like a log; 
must be assisted when raising up in bed. 
7. fo initiate active movements b.i.d. to all joints, for 5- 
minute periods. 
To take deep breathing exercises qlh. 
8. To have visitors restricted to immediate family (15 
min.). 
9 To be lifted into commode chair at bedside for bowel 
movements. 


9. To use bedpan (slipper pan); should be assisted by two 
people. Males to use urinal in bed. 
10. a. To have reading material propped. 
b. To operate radio. 


J O. a. To hold books, etc. 
b. To operate radio 
nd T.V. 
J I. To have a "call" light within easy reach at all times. 
12. To be checked at regular intervals by the nurse. 


I 1. To have a "call" light within easy reach at all times. 
12. To be checked at regular intervals by the nurse. 


JANUARY 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 51 



Progressive Activity 


Day Bath every 2 days 
or p.r.n. 
With help. Legs, feet, and 
back to be done by nurse 
2 With help 
3 With help 


4 With help 


5 With help 


6 May bathe self in bed. 
Shampoo if ordered. 
7 May bathe self in bed. 
Shampoo if ordered. 
8 May bathe self in bed. 
Shampoo if ordered. 


9 May bathe self in bed. 
Shampoo if ordered. 


10 May bathe self in bed. 
Shampoo if ordered. 
I I Wash self in bath-room. 


12 Wash self in bath-room. 


Elimination 


Commode at bedside for BM's 
(lifted). 
Use bedpan, urinal for voiding. 
Commode at bedside for BM's 
(lifted). 
Use bedpan, urinal for voiding. 
Commode at bedside for BM's 
(lifted). 
Use bedpan, urinal for voiding. 
Commode in BR for BM's, use 
bedpan or urinal for voiding. 
Commode in BR for BM's, use 
bedpan or urinal for voiding. 
Commode in BR for everything. 


Commode in BR for everything. 


May walk to bathroom once 
daily. 
Commode in bathroom other 
times. 


May walk to bathroom twice 
daily. 
Commode other times. 


May walk bathroom three times 
daily, commode other times. 


See "walking." 


I 


Sitting 


, 


Walking 


Nil 


Nil 


Nil 


Nil 


Nil 


2 or 3 steps to chair b.i.d. (as- 
sisted) . 
5 or 6 steps to chair (assisted). 


30 min., b.i.d., chair in room. Walk to chair b.Ld. and walk 
to bathroom once daily (if 
BR within 10 yards of bed). 
35 min., b.i.d., chair in room. Walk to bathroom twice daily. 


Walk to bathroom three times 
daily. 
Walk to bathroom four times 
daily. 


Increase walk to bathroom once 
daily then walk in corridor and 
up and down stairs as ordered. 


52 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


JANUARY 1967 


Dangle 5 min. b.i.d. 


5 min., chair at bedside (lifted). 


5 min., b.i.d., chair near bed- 
side (self-assisted). 


10 min., b.i.d., chair near bed- 
side (self-assisted). 
15 min., b.Ld., chair near bed- 
side (self-assisted). 
20 min., b.i.d., chair near bed- 
side (see "walking"). 


25 min., b.i.d., chair in room. 


40 min., b.i.d. 


45 min., b.i.d. 


Increase chair 5 min. daily. 



books 


Pediatric Nursing by Audrey J. Kalafatich, 
R.N., M.S.N. 432 pages. New York. 
G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1966, 
Reviewed by Miss Nell Joiner, assista1lt 
professor, maternal-child nursing, Me- 
morial University of Newfoundland 
School of NursinR, St. John's, Nfld. 


fhe author states in the preface that her 
aim is to give some insight into the care 
of the "whole child." The format of the 
text follows the usual sequence of delineat- 
ing care of the child from birth through 
adolescence according to developmental 
tasks and needs peculiar to specific develop- 
mental levels. Throughout the text, brief 
reference is made to common diseases and 
disorders according to age levels, with treat- 
ment and nursing care following each condi- 
tion. General principles of nursing care are 
outlined but never developed in breadth and 
depth. 
Unit I is extraordinarily brief and 
vague in presenting a frame of reference 
for quality nursing care based on un- 
derstanding of the child as a person in a 
given point of time with a specific problem 
and as a member of a family constellation. 
The reference to the importance of relation- 
ships and interrelationships in pediatrics 
follows the same generalization. It would 
have been better to omit this entirely rather 
than to confuse the issue with superficiality 
and vagueness. 
Units II through VI deal with the cycle 
of childhood from birth through adoles- 
cence. The discussions of treatment and nur- 
sing care seem more of a condensed resume 
with sweeping generalizations, rather than 
broad principles upon which to base and 
plan individualized nursing care. I find the 
discussions that are devoted to nursing care 
disappointingly brief and inadequate. An 
example of this brevity appears on page 
218, where the author devotes a three- 
sentence paragraph to the treatment and 
care of the infant with cerebral palsy. 
Another example of brevity appears on 
page 413: "The pre- and postoperative care 
that accompanies the spinal fusion will not 
be given in detail since it is essentially the 
same as for an adult patient with a solid 
fusion of the spine." By a swift stroke of a 
pen, the author moves to something else 
without pointing out the similarities and 
differences. It would seem that she is as- 
suming that the student has sufficient prior 
knowledge and experience to make the 
necessary adaptations in planning care for 
the adolescent with a spinal fusion. 
,ANUARY 1967 


Some of the information on treatment 
and nursing care is unclear and, consequent- 
ly, open to misinterpretation. An example 
of lack of clarity appears on page 180 in 
whIch the author states that "an elevated 
temperature raises the body's need for oxy- 
gen and metabolism." Here she treats an 
adaptive bodily process, metabolism, in the 
same order as the body's need for a life- 
sustaining substance, oxygen. What is she 
trying to convey - the body's reaction to 
an elevated temperature, the increased need 
for oxygen to meet the demands of speeded 
up cellular activity, or what? 
This book falls far short of presenting 
any real insight into the care of the "whole 
child" and does not support the thesis that 
the book is primarily concerned with nur- 
sing care. Brevity, sweeping generalizations, 
and vagueness are its chief characterictics 
and weaknesses. It may have some value 
as a handbook for quick, brief references, 
but limited value as the text of choice for 
basic students in professional nursing. 


Fundamentals of Research in Nursing 
by David J. Fox, Ph.D. 285 pages. New 
York, Appleton-Century-Crofts. 1966. 
Reviewed by Miss Kathleen A. Dier, as- 
sistant professor, School of Nursing, Un i- 
J'ersity of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, 
Saskatchewan. 


The stated purpose of this book is to 
prepare the nurse to be an "intelligent, criti- 
cal consumer of research." The author ex- 
plains that the skills needed to understand 
and use research are different than those 
needed to do research. It is intended to 
help nurses evaluate the research now being 
produced. not only in nursing but in relat- 
ed social sciences as well. Dr. Fox is well 
prepared for this assignment as he teaches 
an introductory course in nursing research 
at Columbia University, New York. 
The book is divided into five major areas. 
The author begins by describing a project 
that he conducted, then deals in detail 
with the 17 steps required in the planning 
and implementing of this study. He proposes 
a model that should help identify areas for 
further research in nursing. It is stated that 
nurses have a unique contribution to make, 
providing they concentrate on problems 
related to nursing. However, Dr. Fox is 
also in favor of interdisciplinary research 
where the nurse is a member of the investi- 
gating team. 
The second area is mainly devoted to 


statistical procedures that the author believes 
must be comprehended before the principles 
of research can be understood. The rationale 
of statistics is given without any of the com- 
plicated formulae. Even though this section 
is clearly written with practical examples 
taken from nursing, some of the concepts 
might be hard to grasp if the reader has 
no previous knowledge of statistical 
methods. The section on sampling is excel- 
lent. 
The fourth area deals with the various 
types of research and the methods of 
gathering data. Here, the issue of ethics 
in nursing research is raised and I would 
heartily agree that this is a problem that 
must be faced soon by our profession. 
In the fifth section, the nurse is advised 
how to evaluate the written report. It is 
truly stated that where research is concerned 
nurses have been "a polite, uncritical and 
largely unresponsive audience." Dr. Fox 
urges nurses to make more use of good 
research findings and actively reject those 
that are poor. This is the only way that the 
product will be improved. 
I believe the author has achieved his 
objective by presenting rather complex 
research methodology in a simple, straight- 
forward manner. It could be a valuable 
reference for leaders in nursing and students 
in university, since it contains many ideas 
for nursing studies and an excellent reading 
list. Although it is not light reading, I 
would recommend this book to all nurses 
who wish to become intelligent participators 
in the changes now taking place in our pro- 
fession. 


Basic Concepts in Anatomy and Physiology 
by Catherine Parker Anthony, R.N., B.A., 
M.S. 132 pages. Saint Louis, Mosby, 1966. 
Rn'iewed by !'vlrs. Jean Magee, instructor 
of anatomy and physiology, Victoria 
General Hospital School of Nursing, 
Halifax, Nova Scotia. 


To review this book objectively, I had to 
supplement my knowledge of programmed 
instruction. In so doing, I reversed a rather 
unfavorable first opinion to one of great 
enthusiasm. 
The author has achieved her expressed 
purpose to produce a programmed text that 
would be used as a "supplement and not 
as a substitute for a conventional textbook." 
She states in the preface that "the book 
will have greatest value for students wanting 
10 acquire or review basic information or to 
(Continued on page 54) 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 53 



WOO@ says 
life at Mary Fletcher 
Hospital Medical Center 
is all work & no play? 
Uncrowded Vermont is for ..... 
those who like outdoor tJn. r" 
Saili
g, swimmin
 skiing, 
tenms, golf, are only lI)in. ..v 
utes away from Mary Fl1;t. 
cher Hospital on the shor: 
of lovely Lake Champlain. 
Combine an exciting career 
with off-duty recreation and 
the cultural advantages of 
an attractive college com- 
m unity. Excellent startin' 
salaries, liberal fringe bene: 
fits, clinical affiliation with 
Univ. of Vermont College of 
Medicine. MFH serves as the 
primary teaching and refer. 
ral center for all of northern \ 
New England. 
r------------- 
 
Personnel Office, Dept. 401 
Mary Fletcher Hospital Medical Center I 
Burlington, Vermont 05401 I 
Please tell me more about career opportuni- I 
ties at Mary Fletcher Hospital Medical Center I 
and send me literature about Vermont - I 
The Beckoning Country. I 
I 
NAME I 
I 
ADDRESS I 
I 
I 
-------------------
 


IN CAPS AND GOWNS 
THE STORY OF 
THE SCHOOL FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 


McGill UNIVERSITY 
1920 - 1964 


. . provides vignettes of the devoted 
and far-seeing women who toiled to 
develop the School ... An amazing 
feature of this book is the warm and 
engaging style which emerges ... A 
handsomely produced volume." 


THE MONTREAL STAR 


A vailable by mail or in person 
c/o 


SCHOOL FOR GRADUATE NURSES 


3506 University Street 
Montreal r P.Q. 


PRICE: $6.50 per copy 


54 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


books 


(Co/ltinued from page 53j 


clarify difficult concepts about the human 
body." 
Information in sequence is presented in 
small steps (frames) that require frequent 
responses by the student. Miss Anthony 
chose to use the classical linear form type 
of frame developed by Skinner at Harvard 
University, rather than the branching or 
multiple-choice frame. Early frames in each 
unit set forth simple, easy concepts of the 
subject material. 
If the reader chose only to read the begin- 
ning questions in each unit, she would 
probably conclude that the entire book was 
too elementary for students of nursing. 
Questions in the early frames tend to be 
redefinitions of what has been previously 
stated, and a simple glance upward supplies 
the missing word. However, as the frames 
progress, there is also a step-by-step progres- 
sion in the complexity of subject matter. 
The reader finds herself actively reading 
and responding to highly complex concepts 
without realizing their complexity. 
In this text, immediate feedback is given 
to the student to inform her whether her 
response is correct. The student need waste 
little time and effort confirming her res- 
ponses as the correct answer is found to 
the left of each frame. Thus, if she answers 
correctly, she progresses to the next fact. 
If she does not understand, she can be 
helped immediately. 
In summary, this book will be a chal- 
lenge to those who teach anatomy and 
physiology in schools of nursing. It could 
prove helpful as an aid to all students, in 
particular, to those students who have dif- 
ficulty grasping principles in this subject. 


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Elementary Textbook of Anatomy and Phys- 
iology Applied to Nursing by Janet T.E. 
Riddle, R.G.N., R.F.N., O.N.C. 151 
pages. Toronto, MacMillan of Canada, 
1966. 
Reviewed by Sister Frances L. Rooney, 
assistant administrator, Holy Family Hos- 
pital, Prince Albert, Sask. 


In spite of the brevity of this text, es- 

ecially in the content about physiology, it 
tS a very practical presentation, and should 
be of particular value to nursing assistants 
and technicians. Each system is presented 
concisely, and the book concludes with a 
valuable chapter on "Posture - Nurse and 
Patient. " 
The chapter on the digestive system is 
incomplete, but the chapter on the respir- 
atory system is excellent. Accompanying 
illustrations are good. Anyone studying 
anatomy and physiology will find the review 
questions at the end of each chapter very 
practical, especially in reference to an- 
atomy. 
This book is, as the author states "a 
simple overall picture of the human b
dY" 
and as such should be of value to a nurse 
looking for a quick review, or the beginning 
student who requires only very elementary 
knowledge of the subject. 


In Caps and Gowns by Barbara Logan 
Tunis, B.N. 154 pages. 1966. Montreal, 
McGill University Press. 
Reviewed by Miss Margaret E. Kerr, Apt. 
1403, 150 -24th Street, West Val/couver, 
B.C., formerly executive director and 
editor of The Canadian Nurse. 


The significance and importance of uni- 
versity education for professional nurses has 
been so strongly emphasized over the past 
few years that it is difficult to realize that 
50 years ago, even 40 years, it was practi- 
cally an unknown quantity in Canada. Grad- 
uates of the past two or three decades 
scarcely can imagine a time when Canadian 
universities. through their Boards of Gover- 
nors, flatly refused to recognize the desire 
or the need for any programs for nurses. 
Today, the strong emphasis on advanced 
preparation is a keystone of policy in the 
Canadian Nurses' Association. The findings 
of the Royal Commission on Health strength- 
en the CNA platform. Why was nursing 
for so long an unwanted stepchild of higher 
education? 
This question and many others of a simi- 
lar nature are answered in this history of 
the development of the School for Graduate 
Nurses of McGill University. Out of her 
very thorough research of old records. her 
interviews and correspondence, and her per- 
sonal knowledge as a member of the first 
class to receive a B.N. degree from Mc- 
Gill. Mrs. Tunis has woven a wondrously 
interesting history that merits the attention 
of today's generation of nurses. 
The close of World War I marked a 
JANUARY 1967 



books 


turning point in medical care. The change 
of emphasis from strictly curative to broad- 
ly preventive program
 brought with it a 
growing demand for nurses who were quali- 
fied to go into the homes. the schools, and 
industries to teach the fundamentals of good 
health. Preparation for these new duties was 
not included in the curricula of many of 
the "training schools" of that day. It seemed 
logical, therefore, that the leaders in nurs- 
ing should turn to the traditional sources 
of higher education - the universities - 
for guidance and assistance in developing 
the essential cour
es. Unhappily, organized 
nursing had not yet set its own educational 

tandards either for admission to schools 
or for the programs of instruction provided. 
Thus, it was inevitable that there should be 
difficulties in persuading universities of the 
validity of the requests for a place to be 
found within the university for nursing 
programs. 
That the original committee of nursing 
leaders in Montreal was able to achieve an 
initial goal by 1920 is a tribute to their 
dogged perseverence. With three different 
certificate courses established, student en- 
rollment flourished. Financially, there were 
always problems to maintain the School, so 
the sharp depression of the thirties came as 
a shuddering, almost fatal blow. 
It was then that the active Alumnae As- 
sociation, by a herculean effort, with Miss 
E. Frances Upton leading the way, raised 
the necessary funds. 
Throughout her history, Mrs. Tunis has 
given us many intimate biographical sketches 
of the people who have brought the School 
to its present stature. For these alone, In 
Caps and Gowns is worthy of interested 
reading. Through them she has portrayed 
not only their contributions to the School 
for Graduate Nurses but also an insight into 
the development of our own Canadian 
Nurses' Association. 
We strongly recommend this history to 
instructors in our schools of nursing, to 
graduate nurses everywhere, and of course 
to those nurses who have been privileged 
to participate in any of the programs of 
study that are provided. 


Annototed Bibliogrophy on Childhood 
Schizophrenia 1955-1964 by James R. 
Tilton, M.S., Marian K. DeMyer, M.D., 
and Lois Hendrickson Loew, M.S. 136 
pages. Toronto, Ryerson, 1966. 
Re
'iewed by Mrs. E.M. Pollard, nursing 
administrator, Sherwood Hospital, Char- 
lottetown, P.E.I. 


rhe object of the authors has been to 
provide a comprehensive SOurce of reference 
to the English-language writings on child- 
JANUARY 1967 


hood schizophrenia for the period 1955 to 
1964. 
The book is subdivided appropriately into 
seven sections: historical and general review 
articles; descriptions and diagnosis; etiology; 
biochemical, neurological, and physiological 
studies; family characteristics; treatment and 
care; and follow-up studies. In each section 
the annotations of the books and papers are 
concise and clear-cut. 
This bibliography should save many hours 
of searching through library shelves, as the 
books and periodicals listed are readily 
available in the libraries of psychiatric 
units. The objective of the authors has been 
accomplished. 


films 


Pharmacology 
Drugs and the Nervous System is a 
recently-released film showing the effects 
of drugs on organs and body systems. 
Aspirin is used to demonstrate how a drug 
works, but considerable emphasis is placed 
on the abuse or misuse of certain drugs, 
such as stimulants (amphetamines), depres- 
sants (barbiturates, opiates), and halluci- 
nogens (marijuana. LSD). 
The film is in color and runs for 16 
minutes. FuU information can be obtained 
from Churchill Films. Educational Film 
Distributors Ltd., 191 Eglinton Ave. E., 
Toronto 12, Ontario. A rental fee is charged. 


Cardiac arrest 
The Nurse in Emergency Cardiopulmonary 
Resuscitation, a 16 mm., 15 minute, color, 
sound film, was released in faU 1966. It 
shows a hospital patient in acute cardio- 
pulmonary distress and emphasizes the 
nurse's function and responsibilities from 
the initiation of resuscitation through to 
transfer of the patient to the care of the 
physician. 
The film would be especially useful in 
inservice education programs, and for show- 
ing in schools of nursing. It is available on 
loan from the Canadian Heart Foundation. 
1130 Bay Street, Toronto 5, Ont. 


Arthritis 
Rheumatoid Arthritis is a new, 30-minute, 
color, sound film designed primarily for the 
physician. However, it contains considerable 
information on aspects of this complex 
disease process that would be of considerable 
interest to student nurses and to graduate 
nurses working with patients suffering from 
these diseases. 
Etiology, diagnostic methods, and recent 
advances in treatment are demonstrated. 
Typical arthritic forms in the adult are 
shown and the development from monar- 
thritis to polyarthritis. 
The film may be borrowed from Film 
Library, Pfizer Company Ltd., 50 Place 
Cremazie, Montreal II, Quebec. 


Next Month 
in 


The 
Canadian 
Nurse 


Estrogens 
and the 


menopause 


Care of 
patients 
with 
skin cancer 


Drug addiction 
- research, 
treatment, and 
nursing care 



 

 


Photo credits 


Dominion-Wide, p. 8. 


Cerebral Palsy Assoc. of 
Quebec, p. 31. 


National Hcalth and Welfare, 
pp. 44, 51. 


Miller Services, Toronto, p. 47. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 55 



'\
ORKSIIOPS FOR 


DIRECTORS AND 



 

 


i\.SSIST ANT DIRECTORS 


SiK regionol workshops for directors or ossistant directors of nursing service in hospitals 
will be conducted in 1967. The topic: Improvement of Nursing Service in Hospitals Through 
the problem-Solving Method. 
The workshops aim at stimuloting directors and assistant directors of nursing service to use 
the problem-solving approach in the odministrotion of nursing services. Key speakers will 
discuss techniques of problem-solving. Major problems in nursing services in Canada will be 
discussed. Through group work and case study methods skills in problem-solving will be 
developed. 


Two workshops will be 
Region 
Atlantic 
West 
And four In the Fall: 
Region 
Ontario 
Mid-West 
Ontario 
Quebec 


held in the Spring: 
City 
HalifaK 
Vancouver 


Dote 
April 11-14, 1967 
May 2.5, 1967 


City 
Toronto 
Regina 
London 
Quebec City 


Dote 
October 17-20, 1967 
October 24-27, 1967 
November 7-10, 1967 
Nov. 28-Dec. 1, 1967 


EKact locations will be onnounced later. 
The workshop to be held in Quebec city will be conducted in the French language only. 
English longuage nurses in the province of Quebec ore invited to ottend one of the work- 
shops held in Ontorio. French language nurses in New Brunswick are invited to attend the 
workshop in Quebec city. 
The workshops are open to directors or assistant directors of nursing service in hospitals. 
Registration is limited to 60 persons. The registration fee is $50.00. Because of the nature 
of the workshop only full-time registrants can be accepted. 
Here is an opportunity for directors and assistant directors of nursing service: 
. to sharpen skills in problem-solving within a 
"training laboratory" environment; 
. to leorn how problem-solving can be facilitated through group work; 
. to stimulate orderly thinking toward the improvement of 
nursing service; 
. to identify the leadership role of the director of nursing service 
and/or assistant director of nursing service in problem-solving and 
decision making. 
Interested! then plan now to attend the workshop in your area. Register early and avoid 
disappointment. 


I wish to register for the CNA Regional Workshop for Directors or 
Assistant Directors of Nursing Service in Hospitals held in : 
o Halifax 0 Regina 
o Vancouver 0 London 
o Toronto 0 Quebec City 


Name 


Title of Position 
Name of Hospital 
City or Town 
Qualifications beyond RN 
I enclose postal note (bank money order) for $ 
payable to the Canadian Nurses' Association. 


Years in Position 


Number of Beds 


MAIL TO: 
CANADIAN NURSES' ASSOCIATION 
50 The Driveway 
Ottawa 4, Ontario 


56 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 


accession list 


Publication
 in this list of material 
received recently in the CNA library are 
\hown in I,mguage of source. The majority 
(reference material and theses. indicated by 
R excepted) may be borrowed by CNA 
member
. and by libraries of ho\pitals and 
\choo]
 of nursing and other institutions. 
Requests for loan\ should be made on the 
"Reque\t Form for Accc\\ion Li\t" (page 
58) and should be addre
sed to: The Li- 
brary. Canadian Nurses' Associ,nion. SO 
The Driveway. Ottawa 4. Ontario. 


BOOKS AND DOCUMENTS 
I. Basic COllceptS ill lIlIatomy alld phy- 
\'/ology by Catherine Parker Anthony. St. 
Louis. Mosby. 1966. 133 p. 
2. Bibliograp/'ical procedures alld style by 
Hlanche Pritchard McCrum and Helen Du- 
denbostel Jones. Washington. Library of 
Congress, 1954. ] 33 p. 
3. Calladiall quotatiolls ami phra.res, liter- 
ary alld historical by Robert M. Hamilton. 
Toronto. McClelland and Stewart. ] 952. 
272 p. R 
4. Cvmmullity colleges ill Callada, Na- 
tion,.1 seminar on The Community College 
in Canada. May 30, 31. June I. 1966. To- 
ronto, Canadian Association for Adult Edu- 
cation, 1966. 109 p. 
5. Colltilluity of patiellt care: the role of 
lIunillg by K. Mary Str,lUb and Kitty S 
Parker. Washington. Catholic Univer
ity of 
American Press. c] 966. 232 p. 
Ii. The dc.\criptÏ1'e catalogillg vf library 
mCllaials, 2d ed. rev., by Shirley L Hop- 
kin
on. S,m Jose. Calif., Claremont House, 
c1966. 78 p. 
7. Ecollomic comequellces of the profes- 
rioll.f by D.S. Lees. London. Institute of 
Economic affairs. 1966. 48 p. 
8. Education studies in progress in Can- 
adian //IIi\'ersilies 1965 by the Canadian 
Education Association Research and Infor- 
mation Division. Toronto. 1966. 210 p. R 
9. Essentials of chemistry by Gretchen O. 
Luros and Jack C. Towne. Philadelphia. 
Lippincott. c1966. 356 p. 
01'10. The foundations of nursing as cvn- 
ceil'ed, learl/ed, and practiced in profes- 
.fiol/al I/ursil/g by Lillian DeYoung. SI. 
Louis, Mosby, 1966. 279 p. 
I I. FUI/damentais of public health I/ursing 
by Kathleen M. Leahy and M. Marguerite 
Cobb. New York. McGraw-Hili. c1960. 225 p. 
12. Group psychotherapy in nurs/llg prac- 
tice by Shirley W. Armstrong and Sheila 
Rouslin. New York. MacMillan. c1963. 170 p. 
13. l.fSue.f i/l /lursil/g by Bonnie Bullough 
and Vern Bullough. New York. Springer. 
c1966. 278 p. 
14. The leader and the prOCe.fS of change 
by Thoma
 R. Bennett, New York. A\
oci,l- 
tion Pre
s, c1962. 63 p. 
15. The life of Florel/ce Nigl1tingale by 
Sarah A. Tooley. New York. MacMillan. 
JANUARY 1967 



accession list 


london. Bousfield. 1905. 344 p. 
16. !llaterni1\' care ill the wurld: mterna- 
tional survey of mid\\-ifery practice and 
training. Report of ,I Joint Study Group 
of the International Federation of Gynae- 
cology and Ob
tetrics and the International 
Confederation of Midwive
. Oxford. Perga- 
mon Pre
s. c 1966. 527 p. 
17. No mall stallds alolle by Amy V. Wil- 
,on. Sidney. B.C'.. Gray. 1966. c1965. 138 p. 
18. Nllr.fe ph\'siciall collaboratioll toward 
Ùllpl'ol'ed patiellt care. Papers from National 
Conference for Professional Nur
e
 and Phy- 
sicians. 2d. Denver. Col., Sept. 3D-Oct. 2. 
1965. sponsored by The American Medical 
A

ociation and The American Nur
ð As- 
sociation. New York. American Nurses As- 
sociation. c 1966. 63 p. 
19. N ur.fÏllg care plalls. Study program in 
nursing management by the American Ho
- 
pital Association. Hospital Research and 
Education Trust. Chicago. American Hos- 
pital Association. 1966. 77 p. 
. 20. The lIursillg prufeHioll: fil'e mciol- 
ogical essays by Fred Davis. New York. 
Wiley. c1966. 203 p. 
21. The lIursillg senice mallual of policies 
alld wor/..illg relatiolls 3d ed. prepared by 
St. Francis Hospital. Wichit:!. Kansas. St. 


loui
. Catholic Ho'pital Association. 1964. 
Iv. 
22. Opilli01/f de sept groupes de perSUlllles 
ell COli tact al'ec l'C'tudiaute illfirmière par 
rapport a des comportement, généralement 
dé,irables ou inacceptable, par Soeur Jeanne 
Fore
t. Montréal. 1966. Thesis - Olla\\-a R 
23. Piuurc: \OlIri es. 2d ed.. by Cele
tine 
G. Frankenberg. New York. Special Librarie
 
A
sociation. c 1964 216 p. R 
2
. A 1'1011 for imlerillg the periudical 
literature of lIursillg by Vern M. Pings. New 
York, American Nur
es' Foundation, c1966. 
:!02 p. 
25. Proce.';illg ma/1//(/I: a pictori,tI work- 
book of cat,llo
 cards by Althea Conley 
Herald. Teaneck. New Jersey. Fairleigh Di::- 
kinson University Pre
s. 1963. 88 p. 
26. Relwhilitatioll cellter pl(lllllillf! (III or. 
chitectural guide by Cuthbert A. Salmon and 
Christine F. Salmon. University Park. Penn.. 
Pennsylvania State University Press. 1959. 
1964 p. 
27. Studellt Ilune I,'a,'tage by General 
Nursing Council for England and Wales. 
London. 1966. 48 p. 
28. A stlldv of programs ill selected 
fe/IOOls of lIursillf! to determille the liberal 
edllcatioll coutellt of the curriculum with 
specific referellce to learnillg experiellces 
related to lIursill!! of the af!ed by Frances 
Edith Bell. London. 1966. 175 p. Thesis 
(M.Sc.N.) - We
tern Ontario R 


29. A study of the relatiollship betweell 
tI,e predictioll of succefS ill a school of 
lIursillg alld c1illical performallce by Jeanne 
Dolores Zelech. Se,lItle. 1966. 87 p. Thesis 
(M.N.) - Washington. R 
30. Ta/..ill!! the hospital to the patieut; 
home care fur the small COllllllllllity by John 
R. Griffith. BailIe Creek. Mich.. W.K. Kel- 
logg Foundation, 1966. 55 p. 
31. Teachillg alld Admillistratioll ill Nurs- 
in!! Associate Degree Prograllls. Second 
Seminar. Purdue University. July 18-30. 
1965. Report. Layfelle. Indiana. Purdue 
Univer,ity, Dept. of Nursing, 1965. 49 p. 
32. TeHboo/.. of allatomy Gild phyÛology 
for Ilunes by Diana Clifford Kimber and 
Carolyn E. Gray. 5th ed. rev. New York. 
MacMillan. 1919. 527 p. 
33. Todav alld tomorrow ill we.'terfl flllrs- 
ÙI!! by Western Interstate Commission for 
Higher Education. Bolder. CoI.. 1966. 108 p. 


PAMPHLETS 

4. ApprOl'ed medical-Illlne plocedllres 
by Registered Nurses' As
ociation of Nova 
Scotia. Halifax. 1966. 
35. A guide for staff educatioll alld staff 
dl'l'elopmellt by the Regi
tered Nur<;cs Asso- 
ciation of Ontario. Commillee on Nur
ing 
Service. Toronto. 1966. 6 p. 
36. A guide to iuterl'iewillg alld cuulHeI- 
illg for the lIurse ill illdustry by the American 
Association of Industrial Nurses. Committee 


\r 


tur (f JlOrectfl! 
rOll/lort 
thflt {fistS! 


meet the patient's needs with 


ANUSOL 


Hemorrhoidal Suppositories and Ointment 


SAFE: Anusol contains no 
analgesics or narcotics and will 
not mask the symptoms of serious 
rectal pathology. 



 


'r 


\ 


.. 



 


( 


I 


CHASE 
HOSPITAL 
DOLLS 


For demonstrating and practicing the 
newest nursing techniques . lavage and 
gavage . tracheotomy and colostomy, 
and their post-operation care . nasal 
and otic irrigations . catheterization and 
all abdominal irrigations . subcutane- 
ous, intramuscular and intradermal injec- 
tions . and all standard nursing procedures. 
Let us tell you about the new features we 
have added to this world-famous teaching 
aid. Write to 
M. J. CHASE Co. Inc. 
Pawtucket 


. 


- 


WARNER-CHILCOTT I EÐ I 
laboratories Co. limited, Toronto, Canada we 
Makers of Tedral.Brondecon, Choledyl 


JANUARY 1967 


156 Broadway 
Rhode Island 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 57 



accession list 


on Education. New York. American Asso- 
ciation of Industrial Nurses. 1960. p. 21-28. 
(Reprint) R 
37. A guide to till' respullsibilities alld 
qualificatiolls for mriulls positiufl.f ill IIl1rs- 
illg .fenice by the Registered Nurses Asso- 
ciation of Ontario. Committee on Nursing 
Education Sub-Committee on Basic Oegree 
Programs. Toronto, 1966. 2 p. 
38. A gllide to tile respollsibilities and 
qualificationf for "uriolls positions in nllrs- 
ing .ferl'ice by the Registered Nurses Asso- 
ciation of Ontario. Committee on Nursing 
Service. Toronto. 1966. 8 p. 
39. How to IIse YOllr lihrary by Harold 
S. Sharp. New York. Consolidated Book 
Service. c1963. 17 p. 
40. Preselllatioll 011 nllrsing needs for 
Prince Edward Island. Brief to the execu- 
tive council of the Prince Edward Island 
Government by the Association of Nurses of 
Prince Edward Island. Charlottetown, 1966. 
10 p. 
41. A teacllillg guide to science and cancer 
by Ralph P. Frasier and others for the 
National Science Teachers Association. 
Washington. U.S. Oept. of Health. Educa- 
tion and Welfare. Public Health Service. 
1966. 24 p. 


42. T eaclltllg melltal IIealtll in tire basic 
uursing program by the Registered Nurses 
Assocication of Ontario. Committee on Nurs- 
ing Education. Toronto, 1966. 10 p. 


GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS 
Canada 
43. Illternal migratioll ill Callada, 1921- 
1961 by Isabel B. Anderson. Ottawa, Eco- 
nomic Council of Canada, 1966. 90 p. 
44. Assllrallce médicale pril'ée et paiement 
par alllicipatioll par Charles H. Berry. Ot- 
tawa, Imprimeur de la Reine, 1966. 255 p. 
(Commission royale d'enquête sur les ser- 
vices de santé.) 
45. Tile cOlllributioll of edllcation to eco- 
nomic growtll by Gordon W. Bertram. 
Ottawa, Economic Council of Canada, 1966. 
150 p. 
SasJ..atcllewall 
46. Oept. of Public Health. Ad hoc Com- 
mittee on Nursing Education. Report. Re- 
gina, Queen's Printer, 1966. 226 p. 
United States 
47. Bibliographic aspects of medlars by 
Seymour I. Taine. Washington, U.S. Public 
Health Service; Reprint from Bull. Med. Lib. 
Assoc. v. 52, no. I, Jan. 1964. p. 152-/57. 
48. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel- 
fare. Public Health Service. Focus resources 
ill school health services. Washington, U.S. 
Govt. Print. Off., 1966. 20 p. 
49. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel- 
fare. Public Health Service. Health mall- 


power source book, sectioll 2, Nursing per- 
sOllllel. Washington. U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 
1966. 113 p. 
50. Oept. of Health, Education and Wel- 
fare. Public Health Service. How to be a 
nurses' aide ill a nursing home; instructor's 
mallual. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 
I 966. 20 p. 
51. Oept. of Health. Education and Wel- 
fare. Public Health Service. Occupational 
melllal IIealth: all emerging art. Washington, 
U.S. Govt. Print. Off.. 1966. p. 961-976. 
52. Oept. of Health, Education and Wel- 
fare. Public Health Service. Pllblic Health 
service film catalog 1966. Washington, U.S. 
Govt. Print Off.. 1966. 99 p. 
53. Oept. of Health, Education and Wel- 
fare. Public Health Service. Traillillg pro- 
f!rams of the Natiullal ll1stitttte of Melltal 
Health. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 
1966. 21 p. 
54. Desigll features affectillg asepsis ill 
tile hospital by Richard P. Gaulin. Rev. 
Washington, U.S. Oept. of Health, Edcation 
and Welfare. Public Health Service. 1966. 
10 p. 
55. National Library of Medicine. Cllm- 
ulated index medicus, 1965. Washington, 
U.S. Govt. Print. Off.. 1966. 4 pts. R 
56. Occupatiollal health IIl1nes: all initial 
slln'ey by Mary Lou Bauer and Mary 
Louise Brown. Washington, U.S. Oep!. of 
Health, Education and Welfare. Public 
Health Service, 1966. 146 p. 


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CANADIAN NURSES' ASSOCIATION LIBRARY 


Send to: 
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Please lend me the following publications, listed in the 
Canadian Nurse, or add my name to the waiting list to receive them when available: 


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58 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


JANUARY 1967 



classified advertisements 


ALBERTA 


BRITISH COLUMBIA 


Regi.t.r.d Nur... (2-required immediately) far 20-bed, 
8 bassinet. active treatment hospital. Location. South- 
ern Alberta. Starting salary $370 with annual in- 
crement. to $420. recognition given for Qualifications 
and experience. 28 days vacation plus 9 statutory 
holidays. Board and room available in modern 
nurses' residence. Medical Insurance and Pension 
Plans available. Apply to: The Matron, or Adminis- 
trator, Bow Island General Hospital, Bow Island, 
Alberta. 1.11-2 


R.gist.r.d Nu.... for new 50-bed active treatment 
hospital situated only 15 miles from Edmonton. 
Salary $360 - $420 per month. Recognition given for 
previo\JI experience. Excellent personnel policies and 
working conditions. For further information please 
write to: Miss M. Macintosh, R.N., Director of 
Nursing, Fort Saskatchewan General Hospital, Box 
1270, Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta. 1.39-2 
Regi.t.r.d Nurse. WANTED (immediate vacancies) 
34-bed active treatment hospifar, fuliV accredited, 
located in prosperous farming district in central 
Alberta. Salary range $360 - $420 with experience 
recognized. AO hour week - 21 days annual vacation 
plus statutory holidays, with rotating 8 hour shifts. 
Full maintenance in nurses' residence $35 per month. 
For further information kindly contact: Mrs. M. Carter, 
Director of Nursing, Provost Municipal Hospital. Pro- 
vost, Alberta. t.73-1 
REGISTERED NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY (WANTED) 
for a 37.bed General Hospital. Salary $380 - $440 
per month. Commencing with $375 with I year and 
$390 with 3 years practical experience elsewhere. 
Full maintenance available at $35 per month. Pen- 
sion plan available, train fare from any point in 
Canada will be refunded after t vear employment. 
Hospital located in a town of 1,100 population, 85 
miles from Capital City on a paved highway. 
Apply to: Two Hills Municipal Hospital, Two Hills, 
Alberta. t-88-1 


ADVERTISING 
RA TES 


FOR ALL 
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING 


$10.00 for 6 lines or less 
$2.00 for each additional line 


Rates for display 
advertisements on reQuest 


Closing date for copy and cancellation is 
6 weeks prior to 1st day of publication 
month. 
The Canadian Nurses' Association has 
not yet reviewed the personnel policies 
of the hospitals and agencies advertising 
in the Journal. For authentic information, 
prospective applicants should apply to 
the Registered Nurses' Association of the 
Province in which they are interesteQ 
in working. 


Address correspondence to: 


The 
Canadian ð 
Nurse Ç7 


50 THE DRIVEWAY 
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO 


JANUARY 1967 


I I 


ALBERTA 


NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active 30-bed hospital, 
recently constructed building. Town on main line of 
the C.P.R. and on Number 1 highway, midway 
between the cities of Calgary and Medicine Hat. 
Nurses on staff must be willing and able to take re- 
sponsibility in all departments of nursing, with the 
exceptions of the Operating Room. Recently renovated 
nurses' residence with all single rooms situated on 
ho.pital grounds. Apply to: Mrs. M. Hislop, Adminis- 
trator and Director of Nursing, Baslano General Hos- 
pital, BOlsano, Alberta. 1-5-1 


General Duty Nur.e. (2) for active treatment hospital 
15 beds; 2 Doctors, minimum monthly salary $355 
commensurate with experience. Extra pay for even- 
ings and nights. Fare refunded after 2 years satisfac- 
tory service. Apply giving experience and references 
to: Matron Administrator, Box 98, Bonnyville, Alberta. 
1-10.3 B 


General Duty Nurlel for an active accredited well 
equipped 64-bed hospital in a growing town, popu- 
lation 3,500. Centrally located between maior cities. 
Full maintenance available in a new residence, $35.00 
per month. Alberta Registered Nurses salary $360.00 
- $420.00, commensurate with experience. Excellent 
personnel policies and working conditions. Apply: 
Director of Nursing, Brooks General Hospital, Brooks, 
Alberta. 1-13-1 A 


GENeRAL DUTY NURSES - .alary range $4,140 to 
$4,980 per annum. 40 hour work week, modern liv- 
ing-in facilities available at moderate rates, if de- 
sired. Civil Service holiday, side. 'eave und pension 
benefits. Apply to: Baker Memorial Sanatorium, De- 
partment of Public Health, Calgary, Alberta. 1-14-3 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES for modern 25-bed hos- 
pital on Highway No. 12, East-Central Alberta. 
Salary range $380 to $440. (including a regional 
differential). New staff residence. Full maintenance 
$35. Personnel policies as per AARN. Apply to the: 
Director of Nursing, Coronation Municipal Hospital, 
Coronation, Alberta. Tel.: 578-3803. 1-25.IB 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 64-bed, active treatment 
haspital, 35 miles South of Calgary. Salary range 
$360 - $420. Living accommodation available in 
leparate residence if desired
 Full maintenance in 
residence $35 per month. 30 day. paid vacation after 
12 months employment. Please appl y to: The Director 
of Nursing, High River Municipa Hospital, High 
River, Alberta. 1-46-1 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Modern 26-bed hospital 
close to Edmonton. 3 buses daily. Salary $360.00 to 
$420.00 per month commensurate with experience. 
Residence available $35.00 per month. Excellent 
personnel policies. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Mayerthorpe Municipal Haspital, Mayerthorpe, Al- 
berta. 1-61-1 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 94-bed General Hospital 
located in Alberta's unique Dinasaur Badlands. $360 
- $420 per month, 40 hour week, 3t days vacation, 
pension, Blue Cross, M.S.I. and generous sick time. 
Apply to: Miss M. Hawke., Director of Nursing, Drum- 
heller General Hospital, Drumheller, Alberta. 1-31-2 A 


General Duty Nurse for madern 50-bed active hos- 
pita' in Central Alberto, Highway No.2. Basic salary 
$360 - $420, 40 hour week, pension plans and group 
Blue Cross. Full maintenance $35 available. Apply 
to: Administrator, Ponoka General Hospital, Box 699, 
Ponoka, Alberta. 1-72-3 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES (6) and CERTIFIED NURS- 
ING AIDES for modern 72.bed hospital. Salary $355 
and $240 respectively; credit for experience; liberal 
palicies. Accommodation available. Apply to: Ad- 
ministrator, Providence Hospital, High Prairie, AI. 
berta. 1.45-1 


Operating Roam Nurse for new 30-bed hospital, 
active in surgery. Four doctors on medical staff. 
Salary Commensurate with training and experience. 
Hospital located 20 miles west of Edmonton. Apply 
to: Director of Nursing, Stony Plain Municipal Hos. 
pital, Stony Plain, Alberta. t-99-1 


BRITISH COLUMBIA 


Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, B.C., invites B.C. 
Regi.t.red Nur.e. (ar tha.e eligible) to apply for 
positions in Medicine, Surgery and Psychiatry. Apply 
to: Director of Nursing. Victoria, British Columbia. 
2-76-4A 


I I 


Operating Raam Hood Nurse ($464 - $552), General 
Duty Nurs.. (B.C. Regist.red $405 - $481, non-Regis- 
tered $390) for fully accredited 113-bed hospital in 
N.W. B.C. Excellent fishing, skiing, skating, curling 
and bowling. Hot springs swimming nearby. Nurses' 
residence, room $20 per month. Cafeteria meals. 
Apply: Director of Nursing, Kitimat General Hospital, 
Kitimat, British Columbia. 2-36- 1 
B.C. R.N. far General Duty in 32 bed General Hospi- 
tal. RNABC 1967 salary rate $390 - $466 and fringe 
benefits, modern, comfortable, nurses' residence in 
attractive community close to Vancouver, B.C. For 
application form write: Director of Nursing, Fraser 
Canyon Hospital, R.R. I, Hope, B.e. 2-30- 1 
GENERAL DUTY NURSES (Twa) for active 66-bed 
hospital, with new hospital to open in 1968. 
Active In-service programme. Salary range $372 to 
$444 per month. Personnel policies according to 
current RNABC contract. Hospital situated in beauti- 
ful East Kootenays of British Columbia, with swim. 
ming, golfing and skiing facilities readily available. 
Apply to: The Director of Nursing, St. Eugene Hos- 
pital, Cranbraok, British Columbia. 2-15-1 
General Duty Nurses for well-equipped 80-bed Gener- 
al Hospital in beautiful inland Valley adiacent Lake 
V.athlyn and Hudson Bay Glacier. Initial salary $387. 
Maintenance $60, AO-hour 5 day week, vacation with 
pay, comfortable, attractive nurses' residence, 
Boating, fishing, swimming, golfing, curling, skating, 
skiing. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Bulkley Valley 
District Hospital, P.O. Box No. 370, Smithers, British 
Columbia. 2-67-1 
General Duty Nurse. (2 immediately) for active, 
26-bed hospitol in the heart of the Rocky Mountains, 
90 miles Irom Banff and Lake Louise. Accommoda- 
tion available in attractive nurses' residence. Apply 
giving full details of training, experience, etc. to: 
Administrator, Windermere District Hospital, Inver- 
mere, British Columbia. 2-31-1 
General Duty Nurses for new 30.bed hospital 
located in excellent recreational area. Salary and 
personnel pol icies in accardance with RNABe. Com. 
fortable Nurses' home. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Boundary Hospital, Grand Fork., British Columbia. 
2-27-2 


General Duty Nurse. for active 30.bed hospital. 
RNABC policies and schedules in effect, also North- 
ern allowance. Accommodations available in res- 
idence. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital, 
Fort Nelson, British Columbia. 2-23-1 
General Duty O. R. and experienced Obstetrical 
Nur.e. for modern, ISO-bed hospital located in the 
beautiful Fraser Valley. Personnel policies in ac. 
cordance with RNABe. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Chilliwack General Hospital, Chilliwack, British Co- 
lumbia. 2-13-1 
General DUlY, Operating Room and Experienced 
Ob.t.trical Nur.. for 434-bed hospital with school 
of nursing. Salary: $372-$444. Credit for past ex- 
perience and postgraduate training. AO-hr. wk. Stat. 
utory hol idays. Annual increments; cumulative sick 
leave; pension plan; 28-days annual vacation; B.C. 
registration required. .Apply: Director. of Nurs.ir:'9, 
Royal Columbian HOlpltal, New Westminster, Brltllh 
Calumbia. 2-73-13 
General Duty and Operating Roam Nurse. for 
modern 450-bed hospital with School of Nursing. 
RNABC palicies in effect. 1966 salaries from $372 
per month and up. Credit for past experience and 
pOSTgraduate training. British Columbia registration 
required. For particulars write to: the Director of 
Nursing Service, St. Joseph'. Hospital, Victoria, British 
Columbia. 2-76-5 
Graduate Nur.e. for 31-bed hospital on B.e. Coast. 
Salary $372 for B. C. Registered Nurses plus $15 
northern living allowance. Personnel policies in 
accordance with RNABe. Travel from Vancouver 
refunded after 6 mos. Apply: Administrator, General 
Hospital, Ocean Falls, British Columbia. 2-49.1 
GRADUATE NURSES for 24-bed hospital, 35-mi. from 
Vancouver, on coast, salary and personnel prac. 
tices in accord with RNABC. Accommodation availa- 
ble. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital, 
Squamish, British Columbia. 2-68-1 
GRADUATE NURSES: Join us at the booming center 
af B.C.II Surrounded by 50 beautiful lakes with 
excellent boating, swimming, fishing plus all winter 
sports. On hour's drive from Prince George, the 
fastest growing city in Canada. Active 44-bed hos- 
pital and modern nurses' residence over looking the 
picturesque Nechako River. Starting salary $372 - $408, 
recognition given for experience. Health and pension 
plan, AD-hr. week and 4 weeks vacation. Write. to: 
Mrs. M. Grant, Director of Nursing, St. John Hospital, 
Vanderhoof, British Columbia. 2-74-1 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 59 



Registered Nurses for 21-bed hospitol in pleosont 
community - Eastern Shore of Nova Scotia. Apply: 
Superintendent, Eastern Shore Memorial Hospital, 
I Sheet Horbour, Nova Scotio. 6-32.1 
MANITOBA . 
Director of Nurses for up-to-date 38.bed hospital. I 
New nurses' residence of 1964 has separate nurses 
suite available. Sick leave, pension plan and other 
fringe ber.efit$ available. Personnel policies will be 
sent on request. Enquiries should include experience, 
qualifications and salary expected, and should be 
addressed to: Mr. O. Hamm, Administrator, Altona 
Hospital District No. 24, Box 660, Allono, Monit3_

i 


BRITISH COLUMBIA 


Graduate Nurses and Certified Nursing Alsistants 
for lO-bed acute General Hospital on Pacific Coast. 
Solary for Groduates in accordance with RNABC 
scale with credit for experience; B.C. Registered 
Procticols $260-$296. Board and room $25/m; 4-wk. 
vacation affer I-yr. Superannuation and medical 
plans. Apply: Director of Nursing, St. George's 
Hospital, Alert Bay, British Calumbia. 2-2-1 


Registered Nurses (2) for 50-bed General Hospitol in 
Fort Churchill, Monitoba. Starting salary $470 per 
,nonth with higher 1967 schedule effective January 1. 
Train fare from Winnipeg refunded after six months 
service, and return fare refunded after one year 
service. Apply to: Director of Nursing. For 
Churchill General Hospital, Fort Churchill, Mani- 
roba. 3-75-1 


Registered Nurses (:2) for 2J-bed modern hospital. 
Duties to Ccmmence as soon as possible. Salary min. 
$405 - $490 with fringe benefits. living-in aCCOm- 
modation available. A copy of our personnel policies 
will be mailed on request. Apply to: Mrs. C. James, 
Motron, Gilbert PI"ins District Hospital, Gilbert 
Plains, Manitoba. 3-25-2 


THE GlENBORO HOSPITAL has a position avoilable 
for one Registered Nurse, effective as soon as pos- 
sible. Glenboro Hospital is a 16-bed hospital 10- 
coted 100 miles west of Winnipeg on No. 2 High. 
way. Excellent residence accommodation available. 
Starting salary Jonuory 1st 1967 - $395 per month. 
Personnel Policy Manual and application forms on 
request with no obligation. Please forward all en- 
Quiries to: Mr. S_ A. Oleson, Box 130, Glenboro, 
Manitoba. Telephone No. 115 or No. 17 3-28-1 


Registered Nurse' for 18-bed hospital at Vita Monitoba, 
70 miles from Winnipeg. Daily bus service. Salary 
ronge $380 - $440, with ollowance for experience_ 
40 hour wee:.:, 10 statutory holidays, 4 weeks paid 
vacation after one year. Full maintenance available 
for $50 per month. Apply: Matron, Vita District 
Hospital, Vita, Manitoba. 3-68-1 


Registered Nurses and Licensed Practical Nunes for 
232-bed Children's Hospital, with school of nursing; 
active teaching center. Positions available on all 
services. Apply: D;rector of Nursing, Children's Hos- 
pital, Winnipeg 3, Monifoba. 3-72.1 


Registered Nurse for General Duty in 20-bed hospital. 
Solary ronge $380 - $440 per month to be increased 
Jan. I, 1967. Room and board avoiloble at $55.50 
per month. Generous personnel policies. Full details 
available on request. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Reston Community Hospital, Reston, Man. 3.46-2 


Registered Nurses for General Duty for the newly 
built Swan River Hospital. Swan River is a progres- 
sive town with excellent shopping and recreational 
focilities. Sclary ronge $360 - $400 with excellent per- 
sonnel policies. For full details contact: Mrs. E. R. 
Boudin, Director of Nursing, Swan River Hospitol, 
Swan River, Manitoba. 3-62-2 


General Duty Nurses for 1 DO-bed active trea!ment hos- 
pital. Fully accredited. 50 miles from Winnipeg on 
Trons Canoda Highway. Apply: Director of Nursing 
Service, Portage District General Hospital, Portage La 
Proirie, Monitobo. 3.45.1 
Registered Nurses for General Duty in 18-bed hospitol. 
Daily bus service to larger centres. Starting salary 
$395 per month. All fringe benefits ond residence 
ovailable. Apply: Director of Nursing, Crystal City 
Memoriol Hospital, Crystal City, Monitoba. 3.16-1 


NEW BRUNSWICK 


ADMINISTRATOR for TobiQue Volley Hospital, PlaSler 
Rock New Brunswick. For further information apply: 
G. D: Gerrish, Secretary, Board of Management. 4-20-1 


NOVA SCOTIA 


SUPERINTENDENT for 16-bed hospitol, located in 
60 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


I I 


NOVA SCOTIA 


Cape Breton Highland National Park. This posi!ion 
will be availoble January 1, 1967. Accommodations 
available. APPLY: giving qualifications to Secretary, 
Buchanan Memorial Hospital, Neil's Harbour, Nova 
Scotia. 6-25-1 


ONTARIO 


Operoting Room Supervisor for 70-bed fully occredited 
hospital. Competitive salary, good personnel policies. 
For complete information apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Alexandra Hospital, Ingersoll, Ontario. 7-60-1 


Co
ordinator of Clinical Nursing Studies in the 
Bachelor of Science in Nursing Course: The School 
of Nursing, McMaster University, .i
vit!s ap:plic
ti.ons 
from persons with advanced qualifications In clinical 
nursing. The position is open for the 1967-1968 
session with duties commencing July 1967. Pleose 
apply 'sending curriculum vitae and two references 
to: Director, School of Nursing, McMaster University, 
Homilton, Ontorio. 7-55-15 


Registered Nurses for 34-bed hospital, min. salary 
$387 with regular annual increments to maximum 
of $462. 3-wk. vacotion with pay; sick leave after 
6-mo. se vice. All Stoff - 5 doy 40-hr. wk_, 9 
statutory holidays, pension plan and oth-:r 
enefits. 
Apply to: Superintendent, Englehort & D,stroct Hos- 
pital, Englehart, Ontario. 7.40-1 


Registered Nurses. Applications and enquiries are 
invited for general duty positions on the stoff of the 
Monitouwadge General Hospitol. Excellenr salary 
and fringe benefits. Liberal policies regardin
 ac- 
commodation and vacation. Modern well-eqUipped 
33-bed hospita( in new mining town, about 250-mÎ. 
eost of Port Arthur and north-west of White River, 
Ontario Pop. 3,500. Nurses' residence c
mprises .i
di. 
vidual self.contained opts. Apply, stating quallflca. 
tions, experience, age, marital status, pho
e numbe
, 
etc. to the Administrator, General Hospital, Mam- 
touwadge, Ontario. Phone 826-3251 7.74-1 A 


Registered Nurses: Applications are invited for Gener- 
01 Duty Staff Nurses; Gross salary ronge: $362 to 
$422. Supervisory advancement opportunities. Reside.nt 
accommodations available; Hospital situated in tOUrist 
town off Lake Huron. For further information write: 
Superintendent, Saugeen Memorial Hospital, South- 
ompton, Ontario. 7-122-1 


Registered Nurses for 35.bed active treatment h
spltal, 
35 m:les north east of Toronto, Ontario. Minimum 
salary $355 per month, and annual increments. Per- 
sonnel policies including, M.edical, O.H.S.C., weekly 
Indemnity Insurance, Ontario Hospital Pensi
n Plan, 
and Group life Insurance shared by th
 hOSPltol, plus 
other benefits. Apply to: The Superintendent, The 
Cottage Hospital (Uxbridge), Uxbridge, Ontario. 
7-135-1 


REGISTERED NURSES for 18-bed General Hospitol in 
Mining and Resort Town of 5,000 people. Beautifully 
located on Wawa Lake, 140 miles north of Sault Ste. 
Marie Ontario. Wide variety of Summer and Winter 
sports; swimming, boating, fishing, go
fing, skat.ing, 
curling and bowling. Six churches of different fOlths. 
Salory range $375 - $450 per month. Starting salary 
uP to $405; salary review at 3, 6, 12 mO'!ths frc:>>m 
date of hire and annually thereafter. D,fferent.o! 
pay for a'te:noon and night shifts. Bed and board 
available at reasonable rate. Excellent personnel 
policies. PI!!asant working conditions. Apply to: .The 
Administrator, The Lady Dunn General Hospital, 
Wawa, Ontario. 7-140-1A 


Registered Nur,es and Registered Nursing Assistants, 
for 100-bed General Hospital, situated in northern 
Ontario. Starting salary, Registered Nu.ses $390 per 
month. Registered Nursing Assistants $273 per month, 
shift differential, annual increment, 40 hour week, 
O. H. A. pension plan and group life insurance, 
O. H. S. C. and P. 5. I. pions in effect. Accommodo- 
tion available in residence if desired. For full por- 
ticulars apply: The Director of Nurses, lady Minto 
Hospital, Cochrc.ne, Ontario. 7-30-1 A 


Regiltered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 
are invited to make applicat;on to oJr 75-bed, 
modern General Hospital. You will be in the Vaca 
tionland of the North, midway between the Lokeheod 
and Winnipeg, Mal"itoba. Basic salar.ies ore $371 
and $259 with yearly increments. WrIte or phone: 
The Dire
tor of Nursing, Dryden District General 
Hospital, DRYDEN, Ontario. 7-26-1 A 


REGiSTERED NURSES AND REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS (IMMEDIATElY) for a new 40-bed hos. 


I I 


ONTARIO 


pital with nurses' residence. Nurses 
 minimum salary 
$387 plus experience allowance, 3 semi-annual incre
 
.-rents of $10 each. R.N.A:s - $270 plus experience 
ollowance, 2 annua[ increments of $10 each. Reply to: 
The Director of Nursing, Geraldton District Hospital, 
Geroldton, Ontario. 7-50-1 


Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 
far 160-bed occredited hospital. Storting salary $387 
and $260 respectively with regular annual incre- 
ments for botn. Excellent personnel policies. Resid- 
ence accommodation available. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Kirkland & District Hospital, Kirklond lake, 
Ontario. 7-67-1 


Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants: 
Applications are invited from R. N's and R. N. Ass'ts. 
who are interested in returning to "nursing at the 
bedside" in 0 well-equipped General Hospitol. excel- 
lent starting salaries and fringe benefits now. Further 
increase January 1, 1967. Residence accommodation if 
desired. For full particulars write to: Director of 
Nursing, Sioux lookout General Hospital, P. O. Box 
909, Sioux lookout, Ontorio. 7-119-1 A 


Registered or Graduate Nurses, required for modern 
92-bed hospitol. Residence accommodation $20 month- 
ly. Overseas nurses ,^elcome. Lovely old Scottish 
Town near Ottowa. Apply: Director of Nursing, The 
Greot War Memorial Hospital, Perth, Ontario. 7-100-2 


Registered Nurses for General Duty in well-equipped 
28-bed hospital, locoted in growing gold mining 
ond tourist area, north of Kenora, Ontario. Modern 
residence with individual roomS; room, board and 
cniform laundry only $45. 40-hr. wk., no split shift, 
cLmulorive sick time, 8 statutory holidays and 28 
day paid vacation after one year. Starting salary 
5400. Apply to: Matron, Morgaret Cochenour Memo. 
rial Hospital, Cochenour, Ontario. 7.29-1 


Registered Nurses for General Duty and Operating 
Room, in modern 1 DO-bed hospital, situated 4D miles 
from Ottawa. Excellent personnel policies. Residence 
occommodation available. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Smiths Falls Public Hospital, Smiths falls, 
Ontorio_ 7-120-2A 


Registered Nurses for General Duty in 1000bed hos- 
pital, located 30-mi. from Ottawa, are urgently re. 
Quired. Good personnel policies, accommodation 
available in new staff residence. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, District Memorial Hospital, Winchester, On- 
torio_ 7-144-1 


Registered Nurses for General Duty and Operating 
Room in modern hospital (opened in 1956)_ Situated 
in the Nickel Capitol of the world, pop. 80,000 
people. Salary $372 per mo., with annual merit 
increments, ph..s anr'lual bonus pion, 4D-hr. wk. Recog- 
nition for experience. Good personnel policies. Assist- 
ance with transportation can be arranged. Apply: 
Director of Nursing, Memorial Hospital, Sudbury, 
Ontario. 7-127-4 


General Duty Nurses for 66-bed General Hospitol. 
5torting salary: $375/m. Excellent personnel policies. 
Pension plan, life insurance, etc., residence accom- 
modotion_ Only 10 min. !rom downtown _Buffolo. 
Apply: Director of Nursing, Douglas Memonal Hos- 
pital, Fort Erie, Ontario. 7-45-1 


Generol Duty Nurses for loo-bed modern hospitol. 
Southwestern Ontario, 32 mi. from London. Salary 
commensurate with experience and obility; $398/m 
basic salary. Pension plan. Apply giving full par
 
tlculors to: The Director of Nurses, D:strict Memorial 
Hosp,tol, Tillsonburg, Ontorio. 7-131-1 


General Duty Nurses, Certified Nursing Assistants & 
Operating Room Technician (I) for new 50-bed hos- 
pital with modern equipment, 40-hr. wk., 8 statutory 
holidays, excellent personnel policies & opportunity 
for advancement. Tourist town on Georgian Bay 
Good bus connections to Toronto. Apply to: Director 
of Nurses, General Hospitol, Meoford, Ontario. 7-79-1 


General Staff Nurses and Registered Nursing Assit.. 
tants are required for a modern, well-equipped General 
Hospitol currently exponding to 167 beds. Situoted in 
a progressive community in South Western Ontario, 30 
miles from Windsor-Detroit Border. Salary scaled to 
experience and Qualifications. Excellent employ.ee 
benefits and working conditions plus an opportumty 
to work in a Patient Centered Nursing Service. Write 
for further information to: Miss Patncia McGee, B. 
Sc.N., Reg.N. Director of Nursing, Lear:nington District 
Memorial Hospital, Leamington, Ontaflo. 7-69-1 A 


PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE (QUALIFIED) For generalized 
Public Health programme. Present salary under revi- 
sion. Direct enquiries to: Miss Beatrice Whalley, Super- 
visor of Public Health Nursing, Waterloo Country 
Heolth Unit, 109 Argle Street, South. PRESTON, ON- 
TARIO 10.109-2 
JANUARY 1967 



EL CAMINO HOSPITAL 


Registered Nurses - 
All Services 
Sfarting salary for 
Experienced 
Regisfered Nurses 
$550 per month 
448-bed fully-occred- 
ited general hospi- 
tal located 40 min- 
ufes south of 
downfown Son 
Francisco 
Ample opportunify 
for professional 
development as 
there are two col- 
leges and two uni- 
versities in the 
immediate vicinity 
Excellent recreafional 
facilifies in close 
proximify to The 
hospifal 


. 


LOCATED IN BEAUTIFUL SANTA CLARA VALLEY 
YEAR 'ROUND SMOG-FREE TEMPERATE CLIMATE 


- 


- 
., 


... 


'f'" 


Benefits Include: 


Plonned orientation 
program 
Continuing in-service 
educafion 
Two fo four weeks 
vacation 


Eighf paid holidays 
Accumulative sick 
leave 
Free group life 
insurance 



. 


Fully paid health in- 
surance including 
family coverage 
Fully paid refirement 
program 
liberal shift 
differential 
40-hour week 


.. 


; w _ 


, ".... 


-.. 



 


..... .1. -" 



 


DIRECTOR 
OF NURSES 


Applications are invited for this 
position in a 44-bed active Gen- 
eral Hospital. Position carries a 
good deal of responsibility in- 
cluding nursing personnel, phar- 
macy, new projects planning. 
New projects are two new hos- 
pitals with centralized services 
and exciting concepts for mod- 
ern patient care. Located in Cen- 
tral British Columbia, one hour 
west of Prince George in an area 
of noted development, this dis- 
trict abounds with lakes and 
forests, good summer and winter 
sports. Excellent salary and staff 
benefits depending on qualifi- 
cations and experience. 


Apply to: 
Administrator 


ST. JOHN HOSPITAL 


Vanderhoof, 
British Columbia 


JANUARY 1967 


''to 


, . 


....... 


t " ' 



...\ 


Apply to: 
PERSON N EL DI RECTOR 
EI Camino Hospital 
2500 Grant Road 
Mountain View r California 94040 


ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING 


Applicafions are invifed for the position 
of Assisfont Director of Nursing in on 
occredited, modern, 244-bed ocufe-care 
hospital. locafed in the rapidly growing, 
scenic interior of Brifish Columbia, this 
hospital is undergoing progressive ex- 
pansion. 


Nursing adminisfrative education and ex- 
perience desirable. Salary commensurafe 
with qualifications. 


Suite availoble in stoff residence. 


Apply stating qualifications and 
expected salary to: 
Director of Nursing 


PRINCE GEORGE REGIONAL 
HOSPITAL 


Prince George, British Columbia 


OPERATING ROOM 
SUPERVISOR 


With Postgraduate Course in 
Operating Room technique 
and management 


Required for a 375-bed fully 
accredited General Hospital with 
projected reconstruction program. 
Salary based on qualifications 
and experience. 


Fringe benefits include hospital 
and medical coverage, generous 
sick leave, three weeks' vacation 
and contributory pension plan. 


For further information write: 


Director of Nursing Service 
METROPOLITAN 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Windsor, Ontario 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 61 



r 


ONTARIO 


OPERATING ROOM NURSES (2) for 0 fully oc. 
credited 70-bed Generol Hospital. For Operating 
Room Duty. Salary according to experience. Apply to: 
O.R. Supervisor. Penefanguishene General Hospital, 
Penetanguishene, Ontario. 7-99-2 


Public Health Nurses for generalized program. Every 
modern fringe beneiit. Full credit for experience. 
Present solary ronge $5,030 - $6,148. Further, we 
are prepared to give consideration to any salary 
request. Apply to, E. G. Brown, M.D., D.P.H. Director 
ond M.O.H., Kent County Health Unit, 21 - 7th. St., 
Chothom, Ontorio. 7-24-4 


PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES (2 QUALIFIED) - Staff 
positions available in the City of Oshawa. Duties to 
commence January 3rd. 1967. General ized program 
in an official agency. Solary $5,658 to $6,507. 
Beginning salary according to experience. Liberal 
personnel policies and fringe benefits. Apply to: Mr. 
D. Murray, Personnel Officer, City Hall, 50 Centre 
Street, Oshawa, Ontario. 7-92-2 


Public Health Nunes for generalized programme in 
o County-City Health Unit. Salary schedule as of 
January I, 1967, $5,100 to $6,100. 20 days vacation. 
Employer shared pension pion, P.S.1. and hospital- 
ization. Mileage allowance or unit cars. Apply to: 
Miss Veronica O'Leary, Supervisor of Public Health 
Nursing, Peterborough County-City Health Unit, P.O. 
Box 246, Peterborough, Ontario. 7-101-4A 


PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES for generalized public health 
program. Good personnel policies including 4 weeks' 
vacotion, sick time allowance, unit car or car allow- 
ance, shared pension plan, hospitalization, and 
group insurance available. Apply to: Mrs. Muriel 
McAvoy, Secretary-Treasurer, Porcupine Health Unit, 
70 Balsam Street South, Timmins, Ontario. 7-132-2 


QUEBEC 


RESIDENT CHilDREN CAMPS IN THE lAURENTIANS, 
REQUIRE: Graduate Nur.e. for the summer. Apply: 
JEWISH COMMUNITY CAMPS, 6655 Cote des Neiges 
Rood, Suite 260, Montreal 26, Quebec. Phone 
735-3669. 9-47-63A 


SASKATCHEWAN 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING for modern 24-bed active 
treatment hospital. Graduates in nursing administration 
or with experience will be given preference. Accommo- 
dation available in nurses' residence. Salary schedule 
will be based on the SRNA recommondations. Apply: 
Mr. R. Holinaty, Administrator, Wakaw Union Hospital, 
Wokaw, Soskatchewon. 10-131-1 A 


MATRON for 10.bed hospital at Willow Bunch in 
South Centro I Soskatchewan. Population 600; bus 
service, modern utilities, recreational facilities, friend- 
ly folks. $450 per month; 40 hour week. Room in 
nurses' residence and board in hospital supplied at 
low cost. Call or write: R. Granger, Sec.- Treas., 
Willow Bunch Union Hospital, WilLOW BUNCH, 
Soskatchewan. - PHONE: 473-2450 (Area Code 306). 
10.138-1 


Regist.red Nu.... wanted for 12-bed hospital. Solaries 
and benefits as per SRNA schedule. Residence accom- 
modation on hospital grounds. Daily bus service to 
cities. Apply fa: The Matron, Mr.. M. Gile., Caronach 
Union Hospital, Coronach, Saskatchewan. 10-18-1 


REGISTERED NURSE for 9-bed haspital. Duties to 
commence as soon as possible. Salary accarding to 
SRNA schedule with allowance for experience. Room 
and board for $34.50 per month. Apply to: Secre- 
tary, Hodgeville Union Hospital, Hodgeville, Sos- 
kotchewan. 10.45.1 


REGISTERED NURSES far 24-bed active treotmenT hos- 
pital. Established personnel policies and pension plan. 
Solary range as per SRNA recommendatians. Adjust- 
ments to starting salary made for previous experience. 
Residence accommodation available at $43.50 per 
month. Apply: Mrs. Z. Johnson, Acting Director of 
Nursing, Wakaw Union Hospital, Wakaw, Saskatche- 
wan. 10-131-1 


Registered Nurse and Certified Nursing Alliltont for 
45-bed General Hospital in progressive north central 
Soskatchewan community. Daily bus service to two 
maior cities. SRNA policies and salaries in effect 
plus added fringe benefits, ie. group life insurance. 
pension plan, accumulative sick leave to 120 days. 
Board and lingle rooms available in residence at 
$43.50 per month. Apply ta: Mrs. C. Fisher, R.N., 
Acting Director af Nursing, Wadena Union Hospital, 
Wadena, Sask. 10-130-1 


62 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


I I 


SASKATCHEWAN 


Regi.t.r.d Nur... far G.neral Duty (2) in fully 
modern 27-bed ho.pital. Initial salory $364 per month. 
Personnel policies according to Sask. Reg. Nurses' As- 
sociation recammendations. New modern residence, 
excellent working conditions. Duties to commence 
when convenient. Apply to: Superintendent of Nursing 
Services. Kipling Memorial Union Hospital, Kipling, 
Soskatchewon. 10-59-1 


General Duty and Operating Room Nurses, also 
Certified Nursing Assistants for 560-bed University 
Hospital. Salary commensurate w.th experience and 
preparations. Excellent personnel pol icies. Excellent 
opportunities to engage in progressive nursing. Ap- 
ply: Director of Personnel, University Hospital, Sas- 
kotoon, Saskotchewan. 1O.1t6-4A 


UNITED STATES 


Regist.r.d Nurs.. wanred for 78-bed General Hos- 
pital. Staning salaries at $525 per month with 
regular increments and shift differential. Good per. 
sonnel policies. Social activities include skiing and 
boating. Must be eligible for Alaska registration. 
Apply to: The Director of Nursing Service, St. Ann's 
Hospital, 419 - 6th Street, Juneau, Alaska 99801. 
15-2-3 


REGISTERED NURSES - Southern Californio - Op. 
portunities available - 368-bed modern hospital in 
Medical-Surgical, Labor and Delivery, Nursey, Oper- 
ating Room and Intensive and Coronary Care Units. 
Good salary and liberal fringe benefits. Continuing 
inservice education program. Located 10 miles from 
Los Angeles near skiing, swimming, cultural and edu- 
catianal facilities. Temporary living accommodations. 
Apply: Director of Nursing Service, Saint Joseph 
Hospital, Burbank, California 91503. 15.5-63 
REGISTERED NURSES needed for rapidly expanding 
general hospital on the beautiful Peninsula near 
San Francisco. Outstanding policies and benefits, 
including temporary accommodatians at law cost, 
health coverage, fully refundable retirement plan, 
liberal shift differentials, no rotation, exceptional 
in-service and orientation programs, unl imited sick 
leave accrual, unlimited vacation accrual, sick leave 
conversion to vacation, tuition reimbursement. Ex
 
cellent salaries based on experience. Cantact Person- 
nel Administrator, Peninsula Hospital, 1783 EI 
Camina Real, Burlingame, California - 697-4061. 
15-5-20 B 


Registered Nurses, Career satisfaction, interest and 
professional growth unlimited in modern, JCAH ac- 
credited 243-bed hospital. Locoted in one of Califor- 
nia's finest areas, recreational, educational and cul- 
tural advantages are yours as well as wonderful 
year-round climate. If this combination is what 
you're looking for, contact us nowlStaff nurse en- 
trance salary abave $500 per month; increases to 
$663 per month; supervisory positions at highest 
rotes. Special area and shift differentials to $50 per 
month poid. Excellent benefits include free heolth 
and life Insurance retirement, credit union and liberal 
personnel policies. Profenional staff appointments 
available in all clinical areas to those eligible for 
California licensure. Write today: Director of Nursing. 
Eden Hospital. 20103 lake Chabot Road, Costro Val- 
ley, Californio. 15-5-12 
REGISTERED NURSES Opportunities available at 
415-bed hospital in Medical-Surgical, labor and 
Delivery, Intensive Care, Operating Room and Psy- 
chiatry. No rotation of shift, good salary, evening 
and night differentials, liberal fringe benefits. 
Temporary living accommodations available. Apply: 
Miss Dolores Merrell, R.N., Personnel Director, Queen 
of Angels Hospital, 2301 Bellevue Aevnue, los 
Angeles 26, Cal ifornia. 15-5-3G 
REGtSTERED NURSES - Come to smog-free Orange 
in California. Near beaches and mountains; 35 miles 
from los Angeles. New, modern 290-bed St. Joseph 
Hospital and adjoining 50-bed Childrens Hospitol of 
Orange County. Need staff nurses all .hifts in 
surgical, medical, pediatrics, intensive care unit, 
cardiac care unit, neuropsychiatric unit, operating 
room, emergency room, and recovery room. Excellent 
salary and benefits. Write to: Persannel Director, 
St. Joseph Hospital, Orange, California, for personnel 
policy handbook and details regarding salaries, etc. 
15.5-56 
REGISTERED NURSES - SAN FRANCISCO Children's 
Hospital ond Adult Medical Center hospifal for men. 
women and children. California registration required. 
Opportunities in all clinical areaS. Excellent salaries. 
differentials for evenings and nights. Holidays, vaca- 
tions, sick leave, life insurance, health insurance and 
employer
paid pension-plan. Applications and details 
furnished on reQuest. Contact Personnel Director, Chil. 
dren's Hospital, 3700 California Street, San Francisco 
18, Californio. 15.5-4 


REGISTERED NURSES - Generol Duty for 84-bed 
JCAH hospital 1 J12 hours from Son Francisco, 2 
hours from lake Tohoe. Starting salary $510/m. 


I I 


UNITED STATES 


with differentials. Apply: Director of Nur.es, Mem- 
orial Hospital, Woodland, California. 15-5-49B 


R.gi.tered Nur.e. for 303-bed modern hospital. Po- 
sitions available - All services, na shift rotatian. 
liberal benefits, advancement apportunities, educa. 
tional opportunities in area, equal opportunity 
employer. Apply: Director of Nursing Service, Kaiser 
Foundation Hospitals, San Francisco 15, California. 
Phone (JO 7-4400) 15-5.57 


REGISTERED NURSES: Mount Zion Hospital and Me. 
dical Center's increased salary scales now double our 
attraction for nurses wha find they can afford to live 
by the Golden Gate. Expansion has created vacancies 
for staff and specialty assignments. Address enquiry 
to: Personnel Department, 1600 Divisadera Street, San 
Francisco, California 94115, An equal opportunity em- 
ployer. 15-5-4 C 


Registered Nurses - California. Expanding, accredit- 
ed 303-bed hospital in medical center af Southern 
California. University city. Mountain - ocean resort 
area. Ideal year-round climate, smog free. Starting 
salary $6,300. With experience, $6,600. Fringe bene- 
fits, shift differential, initial housing allowance. 
Wide variety rentals available. For details on Cali- 
fornia license and Visa, write: Director of Nursing, 
COllage Hospitol, 320 W. Pueblo Street, Santo Bar- 
bara, Californio 93105. 15.5-39 A 


REGISTERED NURSES GENERAL DUTY - SURGERY. 
Will assist with immigration. Come to California and 
live in beautiful Sacramento which is within a 
short drive of the Sierra summer and winter recrea. 
tional areas. Two large modern hospitals offer an 
excellent variety af nursing experiences. P.M. Staff 
$555, P.M. Surgery $595. Write: Personnel Depart- 
ment, Sutter Hospitals, 2820 "L" Street, Sacramento, 
California. 15-5.43B 


NURSE TEAM LEADER POSITIONS in new 372-bed, 
fully accredited, General Hospital in resort areo. $461 
per month days and $485 per month evening and 
nighT shift. liberal fringe benefits. For descriptive bro- 
chure and policies write: l. Sims, North Miami Gene. 
ral Hospital, 1701 NE 127th Street, North Miami, 
Florido. 15-10-2 A 


REGISTERED NURSES: ExcellenT opportunity for ad- 
vancement in atmosphere of medical excellence. Pro- 
gressive patient care including Intensive Care and 
Cardiac Care Units. Finely equipped growing 200. 
bed suburban community hospital iust on Chicago's 
beautiful North Shore. Completely air conditioned 
furnished apartments, paid vacation, after six months, 
staff development progrom, and liberal fringe bene- 
fits. Starting salary from $466. Differential of $30 
for nights or evenings. Contact: Donold L Thamp- 
son, R. N., Director of Nursing, Highland Park Hos- 
pital, Highland Park, Illinois 60035. 15.14-3 A 


Registered Nurses and Certified Nursing Assistants. 
Opening in several areas, all shifts. Every other week- 
end aff, in small community hospital 2 miles from 
Boston. Rooms available. Hospital paid life insurance 
and other I iberol fringe benefits. RN salary $ lOOper 
week, plus differentiol of $20 for 3-11 p.m. and 
11-7 a.m. shifts. C.N. Ass'ts. $76 weekly plus $10 for 
3-11 p.m. and 11-7 o.m. shifts. Write: Mi.s Byrne, 
Director of Nurses, Chelsea Memmorial Hospital, 
Chelsea, Massachusetts 02150. 15.22-1 C 


NURSES, Register.d, for modern 36O-bed hospital. 
Openings available in all areas, medicine-surgery, 
delivery room, nursery, and postpartum. Near Wayne 
State University, and on integral part of the new 
Medical Center. Salary $550 ta $635 per manth 
plus differential for afternoon and night. Premium 
pay for weekends. Good fringe benefit. including 
Blue Cross ond Life Insurance. Apply: Personnel 
Director, Hutzel Hospital formerly Womon's Hospital), 
432 East Hancock, Detroit, Michigan 48201. 15-23-1 F 


STAFF NURSES: Needed to staff present fully occredit- 
ed hospitol and new facility to open December 1967. 
All services ond shifts available. Good salaries and 
fringe benefits. Will pay transportation to and from. 
Minimum one year contract. For particulars concerning 
hospital ond community write: L E. Thompson, Ad- 
ministrator, or V. Jenkins, Director of Nursing, Scioto 
Memoriol Hospifal, Portsmouth, Ohia. 15-36-4 


ALBERTA 


General Duty Nurses and Cer1ified Nursing Aide. for 
modern combined active treatment and Auxiliary 
Hospital. Solary start. ot $355 ond $240 respectively. 
Liberal personnel policie!., accommodation available. 
located in Southern Alberto close to U. S. boundory 
and Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park. The 
61-bed combined hospital serves the town and area of 
approximately 6,000 population with aU services,. 
Apply to: The Director of Nursing, Cardston Municipol 
Hospital, Box 310, Cardston, Alberta. 1-17-1 


JANUARY 1967 



THE HOSPITAL 


FOR 


SICK CHILDREN 


" 


1\0- 


, 
, 



 
,J 
1 


I 


I' 


YOU 


Receive the advantages of: 


1. Five-week orientation 
gram for new staff. 


pro- 


2. Ongoing in-service education 
for nurses. 


3. Extensive student education 
program. 


4. Research Institute. 


APPLICATION FOR GENERAL 
DUTY POSITIONS INVITED 


For information contact: 


THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Canada 


IANUARY 1967 


UNITED STATES 


I I 


UNITED STATES 


REGISTERED NURSES FOR STAFF AND CHARGE. Posi- 
tjons in an expanding, full V accredited General 
Hospital. Intensive Care, Medical, Surgical, Obste- 
trical areas, and In-service Education program. Lo- 
cation: Central to beaches, mountains, Stote Uni- 
versity. Good salary, regular increments. Opportunity 
for advancement. Apply: Director, Nursing Service, 
Beverly Hospitol, 309 W. Beverly Blvd_, Montebello, 
California. 15-5-59A 


REGISTERED NURSES - Positions ovailoble for Charge 
Nurses in beautifully equipped new convalescent hos- 
pital, specializing in post surgical core. Work every 
other weekend. COr]tact the Personnel Director, Berkley 
Convalescent Hospital, 1623 Arizona Avenue, Santa 
Monico, California 90404. t5-5-40 B 
REGISTERED NURSES: for 75-bed air conditioned 
hospital, growing community. Storting salory $330- 
$365/m, fringe benefits, vacation, sick leave, holi- 
days, life insurance, hospitalization. 1 meal furnish- 
ed. Write: Administrator, Hendry General Hospital, 
Clewiston, Florida. 15-10-1 


Staff Duty positions (Nurses) in private 403-bed 
hospital. liberal personnel policies and salary. Sub- 
stantial differential for evening and night duty. 
Write: Personnel Director, Hospital of The Good 
Samaritan, 1212 Shatto Street, los Angeles 17. 
California. 15-5-311 


General Duty Nurses - Present hospital 55-beds 
with new 75-bed hospital to ooen April, I, 1965. 
located on lake Okeechobee near west Palm Beach. 
liberal personnel policies, 40-hr. wk., bonus at end 
of first year. Minimum starting salary $380, with 
differential for evenings and nights. Apply: Director 
of Nursing Service, Glades General Hospital, P.O. 
Box 928. Belle Glade, Florida. 15.10-3 


Nurses for new 75.bed General Hospital. Resort 
area. Ideal climate. On beautiful Pacific ocean. 
Apply to: Director of Nurses, South Coast Com- 
munity Hospital, South laguna, California. 15-5-50 


. 


REGISTERED 


. . 


NURSES 


. 


. 


. 


THE 


350-BED 


SARNIA GENERAL 


H 


s 


A 


L 


p 


T 


C) 


ASKS 


- 


What Are You Seeking? 


WE OFFER 


the opportunity 
1. to work directly with patients 
2. to participate in group decisions 
3. l.O.A. with financial assistance to further your 
in nursing 


education 


If you are interested . contact the Personnel Director, Sarnia General 
Hospital r Sarnia, Ontario 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 63 



OSHA W A 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES FOR 
ALL DEPARTMENTS 


Starting salary for Ontario Regis- 
tered nurses $400 with 5 annual 
increments to $480 per month. 
Credit for acceptable previous 
service - one increase for two 
years, two increases for four or 
more years. 
Non-registered - $360.00 
Rotating periods of duty - 3 
weeks vacation - 8 statutory 
holidays. 
One day's sick credit per month 
beginning in the 7th month of 
service cumulative to 45 days. 
Pension Plan and Group Life 
Insurance - Hospital pays 50% 
of Medical, Blue Cross and Hos- 
pital Insurance premiums. 
Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
OSHAWA GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Oshawa, Ontario 


ST. JOSEPH'S 
HOSPIT AL 
HAMIL TON. 
ONTARIO 


A modern, progressive hospital, 
located in the centre of Ontario's 
Golden Horseshoe- 
invites applications for 
GENERAL STAFF 
NURSES 


and 


REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 


Immediate openings are avail- 
able in Operating Room, Psy- 
chiatry, Intensive Care - Coro- 
nary Monitor Unit, Obstetrics, 
Medical, Surgical and Paediatrics. 
For further information write to: 
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 


Hamilton, Ontario 


(,4 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


REGISTERED NURSES 
for General Duty 


North Shore of Lake Athabaska 


Modern 30-bed General Hospital, 
located in young active mining 
community. 
Salary: $414 - $529. 
Attractive nurses' residence a- 
vailable. Room and board at $45 
monthly. Superior employee ben- 
efits. - Air transportation paid 
from Edmonton or Prince Albert. 


Please send enquiries to the . 


Director of Nursing 


MUNICIPAL HOSPITAL 


Uranium City, 
Saskatchewan. 


DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING 


Applications are invited for the 
position of Director of Nursing. 
This is a unique hospital offering 
rehabilitation and chronic care to 
48 handicapped children who 
present many challenges. Ex- 
pansion plans are being studied 
to provide rehabilitation for 18 
to 21 year old adolescents. Pre- 
ference will be given to a director 
with preparation and experience 
in nursing administration and 
particular interest in rehabilita- 
tion. 


Please address 01/ enquiries to: 


The Administrator 
BLOORVIEW CHILDRENS HOSPITAL 
278 Bloor Street East 
Toronto 5, Ontario 


ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING 


Applications are invited for the 
above position in a fully ac- 
credited 163-bed General Hos- 
pital in beautiful Northern On- 
tario. 


Desirable qualifications should 
include B.S.N. Degree with ex- 
perience in supervision. 


For further information, 
Write to: 


Director of Nursing 


KIRKLAND and DISTRICT HOSPITAL 


Kirkland Lake, Ontario. 


ONTARIO SOCIETY 
FOR 
CRIPPLED CHILDREN 
requires 
· Camp Directors 
· General Staff Nurses 
· Registered Nursing Assistants 
for 
FIVE SUMMER CAMPS 
located near 
OTTAWA COLLINGWOOD 
LONDON - PORT COLBORNE 
KIRKLAND LAKE 


Applicafions are invifed from nurses in- 
teresfed in fhe rehabilitafion of physically 
handicapped children. Preference given to 
CAMP DIRECTOR applicanfs having super- 
visory experience and to NURSING ap- 
plicants with paediafric experience. 


Apply in writing to: 
Miss HELEN WALLACE, Reg. N., 
Supervisor of Camps, 
350 Rumsey Road, 
Toronto 17, Ontario 


JANUARY 196; 



CANADA'S INDIANS 
NEED YOUR 


AND ESKIMOS 
HELP 


PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES 
REGISTERED HOSPITAL NURSES 
CERTIFIED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


HAVE YOU CONSIDERED 
A CAREER 
WITH 
MEDICAL SERVICES 
DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE 


lor 'urther inlormation. write to: 
MEDICAL SERVICES DIRECTORATE 
DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE 
OTTAWA. CANADA 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


- 
- 


........" 
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...-. "111.1" 
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"'1". 
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1"....1, 


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Applications are invited 
for the 


tIP' 
- 



.. 


POSITION OF DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


.. 


The Director of Nursing will be responsible for 
the administration of all nursing services within 
the hospital. The hospital currently operates 
375 beds and is undergoing extensive moderni- 
zation and expansion costing $3,750,000. There 
is a furnished apartment available at a mini- 
mum rental. A 140 student School of Nursing 
housed in a modern residence and operated 
by the hospital is the responsibility of a Director 
of Nursing Education. 


Address enquiries to: 


THE SCARBOROUGH 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Invites applications from General Duty Nurses. 
Excellent personnel policies. An active and stimulat- 
ing In-Service Education and Orientation Programme. 
A modern Management Training Programme to as- 
sist the career-minded nurse to assume managerial 
positions. Salary is commensurate with experience 
and ability. We encourage you to take advantage 
of the opportunities offered in this new and expand- 
ing hospital. 


Fort William. Ontario 


McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL 


For further information write to: 
Director of Nursing 
SCARBOROUGH GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Scarborough, Ontario 


DOUGLAS M. McNABB. Administrator 


JANUARY 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 65 




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YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL 


NEWMARKET, ONTARIO 


HOSPITAL: 
A newly expanded 257 bed hospital wifh such progressive 
pofient core concepts os 0 12-bed J.e.u., 22-bed psychiofric 
ond 24-bed self core un if. 
IDEAL LOCATION: 
45 minutes from downtown Toronfo, 15-30 minutes from 
excellent summer and winfer resort areas. 
SALARIES: 
Registered Nurses: $372-$447 per month. 
Registered Nursing Assistonfs: $277-$310 per monfh. 
BENEFITS INCLUDE: 
Furnished oporfmenfs, medico I ond hospifOI insuronce, group 
life insuronce, pension plan, 40 hour week. 


Please address 01/ enquiries to: 
Director of Nursing 
YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL 
596 Davis Drive 
Newmarket, Ontario 


TEACHERS OF NURSING 


By August, 1967 the Royal Victoria Regional School 
of Nursing requires three teachers in medical-surgical 
nursing, two in Operating Room techniques and one 
in psychiatric nursing. 
Teachers qualified with a baccalaureate degree or a 
diploma in nursing education will assist in classroom 
teaching and accompany the students to one of the 
six regional hospitals for clinical experience. 
This is a new programme in an independent school. 
The faculty are eager to develop the best possible 
curriculum. A new building for classrooms will be 
erected in 1967. 
Barrie is fifty miles north of Toronto and noted for its 
summer and winter spon facilities. 
Solaries are at the Toronto level with increments paid 
to experienced teachers. Personnel policies and job 
descriptions will be sent on request. 


Please write to: 


The Director, 


ROYAL VICTORIA REGIONAL SCHOOL OF NURSING 


61 Wellington Street West, Barrie, Ontario. 


66 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


MAIMONIDES HOSPITAL 
AND HOME FOR THE AGED 


AN OPPORTUNITy.... 
A CHALLENGE.... 
A NEW EXPERIENCE.... 


SUPERVISORS, STAFF NURSES, NURSING 
ASSISTANTS, INSTRUCTORS, PSYCHIATRIC 
NURSE: 


We invite you to join the nursing staH of New Mai. 
monides. 


LIBERAL VACATION " HEALTH AND 
PENSION PLANS . . SALARIES COM. 
MENSURA TE WITH RECOGNIZED SCALES 


Apply to: 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


5795 Caldwell Avenue 
Montreal 29, Quebec 


THE ST. CA THARINES 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


A modern SOO-bed hospital located in the heart 
of the beautiful Niagara Peninsula, within 
easy travel distance from Buffalo, Hamilton 
and Toronto, invites applications from: Gener- 
al Staff Nurses. 


Pleasant working conditions. Excellent per- 
sonnel policies. 


Apply: 


The Director of Nursing Service 
THE ST. CATHARINES 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
St. Catharines, Ontario 


JANUARY 1967 



What does 
Methodist Hospital 
have to offer me? 


At the Methodist Hospital, where research is a part 
of progress, a nursing career takes on new horizons - 
rich in meaning and professional satisfaction. 
If you're looking for the chance to be the nurse 
you've always dreamed of - coming to the world 
famous Methodist Hospital can be an adventure - 
almost like stepping into the future - splendid 
facilities, so much advance equipment and 
everywhere the newest medical and patient care 
techniques are in use. 
Some of the best aspects of nursing at METHODIST 
are as old as medicine itself - there is a spirit of 
kindness and consideration, and emphasis on patient 
care, that make this a hospital where nursing is 
satisfying and rewarding, day by day. 
Methodist Hospital is right in the center of the world's 
great Medical, Research and Educational complexes. 
HOUSTON is an exciting city - rodeo and opera, 
pro-football and the famous Alley Theatre, water sports 
and beaches an hour or less away, the Houston 
Symphony and the Astrodome! 


A Few Quick Facts: We're affiliated with Baylor 
University College of Medicine and associated with 
Texas Woman's University College of Nursing. 
New $9>'2 million Cardiovascular and Orthopedic 
Research Center will open soon. Our Inservice 
EducatIon Department gives you thorough 
orientation, and continued instruction in new 
concepts and techniques. You'lIlind every 
encouragement to broaden your Skills, 
including tuition assistance in obtaining 
further education in nursing. 


.. 


Send for Your Colorful Informative Illustrated 
Brochure. . . to learn about Methodist Hospital, 
Houston, positions available, salary and employment 
benefits, tuition allowance, complimentary room 
accommodation and our Nurse Specialist Programs. 
Write, call or send coupon, Director of Personnel, 
The Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, 
Houston, Texas 77025 


....j 


r-------------------------------------ì 
I Director of Personnel, THE METHODIST HOSPITAL, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77025 I 
I Please send me your brochure about nursing opportunities at "(HE METHODIST HOSPITAL-Texas Medical Center I 
I I 
I Name I \. 
I Address I 
I I 
I City State Zip Code I 
L_____________________________________ 


DIRECTOR OF SCHOOL 
OF NURSING 


REQUIRED FOR 
DISTRICT SCHOOL OF NURSING 


The 
Canadian 
Nurse 


1965 INDEX 


Minimum Requirement - B. Sc. N., with five years 
experience, two of these in Nursing Education. 


Apply to: 


Mr. Harold Swanson, Chairman, 


BOARD OF NURSING EDUCATION 


220 Clarke Street 


WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO 


An index of materials appearing 
in Volume 61 of 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 


is now available. 


Write for your copy to 


Miss PIERRETTE HOTTE 
at National Office, 
50 The Driveway, 
Ottawa 4 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 67 


JANUARY 1967 



ADDITIONAL CLINICAL TEACHERS 


required 


to assist in Developing New Curriculum and a 
Regional School. 
School of Nursing Building is New 
and well equiped. 
Salaries and Fringe Benefits at Metropolitan level. 
Qualifications - B.Sc.N. 
or 
Diploma in Nursing Education. 


GENERAL STAFF NURSES 


Required for all Services 
Salaries and Fringe Benefits at Metropolitan level. 


Apply to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
BRANTFORD GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Brantford, Ontario 


MANITOBA ASSOCIATION 
OF REGISTERED NURSES 


Invites applications lor the positions 01 


REGISTRAR 


Applicants are required to hold a baccalaureate degree in nursing 
wifh experience in odministrafion, and in inferpersonal relafions. 
Duties include providing for registrafion and membership in the 
M.A.R.N. and fhe mainfenance of the official register of member 
of the Association. 
Salary to be Negofiafed. 


and 


PERSONNEL OFFICER 


The applicant musf have the following qualifications: 
Baccalaureafe Degree desirable. Masfer's Degree preferred. 
Experience in administration and in working with individuals and 
organizations desired. 
Duties include promotion of the economic and social welfare of 
nurses. 
Salary to be Negotiated. 


All Inquiries shoutd be Addressed to: 
Mrs. Helen P. Glass, President, 
MANITOBA ASSOCIATION Of REGISTERED NURSES, 
247 Balmoral Street, 
Winnipeg 1, Manitoba, 


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STAFF NURSE POSITIONS 
Salary Range $482-$620 


with maximum starfing $539 on day shift. 
$592 evening and/or night shifts. Credit 
given for education and/or experience. 
Opportunity to gain knowledge and skill 
in a specialized cancer research hospital. 
Registration in Texos required. Excellenf 
personnel benefits include: 3 weeks vaca- 
tion, holidoys, cumulative sick leave, 
laundry of uniforms furnished, refirement 
ond Social Securify programs, Hospitaliza- 
tion, life and Disabilify Income Insurance 
available. Equal opportunity employer. 


UNIVERSITY 
OF ALBERTA 
HOSPIT AL 


Positions are available in our 
rapidly expanding Medical Cen- 
tre situated on a growing Uni- 
versity campus. All service in- 
cluding renal dialysis, coronary 
intensive care and cardiac surg- 
ery offer opportunities for ad- 
vancement. 


For applicafion and additional information 
Write to: 


Personnel Manager 


THE UNIVERSITY Of TEXAS 
M.D. ANDERSON HOSPITAL AND 
TUMOR INSTITUTE 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
UNIVERSITY Of ALBERTA 
HOSPITAL 
Edmonton, Alberta 


Texas Medical Center 
Houston, Texas 77025 


68 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


RIVERSIDE 
HOSPIT AL 
OF OTTAWA 


A new, air-conditioned 340-bed 
hospital. Applications are called 
for Nurses for the positions of: 


HEAD NURSE - Operating Room 
ASSISTANT HEAD NURSES 
GENERAL STAFF NURSES 
and 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


Address all enquiries to: 
Director of Nursing 
RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL OF OTTAWA 
1967 Riverside Drive, 
Ottawa, Ontario 


JANUARY 1967 



PALO ALTO-STANFORD 
HOSPITAL CENTER 


located on the beautiful campus of Stanford University in Palo Alto, California. 


" 


.. 
11 


. 
-- 


- ----- 


"We invite you to join our professional staff and to gam unparalled experiences in 
nursing." 


For additional information- 
NAME: 
ADDRESS: 
CITY: 
SERVICE DESIRED: 
Return to: PALO ALTO-STANFORD HOSPITAL CENTER 
Personnel Department 
300 Pasteur Drive 
Palo Alto, California 


STATE: 


REGISTE RED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSIST ANTS 


REQUIRED FOR 


ST. MARY'S HOSPITAL 
TIMMINS, ONTARIO 
MODERN - 200 BED HOSPITAL 
EXCELLENT PERSONNEl POLICIES 
PLEASANT TOWN OF 30,000 
WIDE VARIETY OF SUMMER 
AND WINTER SPORTS - 
SWIMMING, BOATING, 
FISHING, GOLFING, SKATING, 
CURLING, TOBOGGANING, 
SKIING AND ICE FISHING. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing Service 
ST. MARY'S HOSPITAL 


Timmins, Ontario 


IANUARY 1967 


VICTORIA HOSPIT At 


LONDON, ONTARIO 


Modern 1,000-bed hospital 
Requires 
Registered Nurses for 
all services 
and 
Registered 
Nursing Assistants 


40 hour week - Pension plan 
- Good salaries and Personnel 
Policies. 


Apply: 


Director of Nursing 


VICTORIA HOSPIT At 


London, Onto 


ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 


TORONTO, ONTARIO 


REGISTERED NURSES 
and 
REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 


700-bed fully accredifed hospital provides 
experience in Operating Room, Recovery 
Room, Intensive Care Unit, Pediatrics 
Orthopedics, Obstetrics, General Surgery 
and Medicine. 
Orientation and Acfive Inservice program 
for all staff. 
Salary is commensurafe wifh preparafion 
and experience. 
Benefits include Canada Pension Plan, 
Hospital Pension Plan, Group Life I nsu- 
ranee. Sick leave - 12 days after one 
year, Ontario Hospifal Insuranæ - 50% 
payment by hospital. 
Rofafing Periods of duty - 40 hour week, 
8 sfatutory holidays - annual vacation 
3 weeks offer one year. 


Apply: 


Assistant Director of 
Nursing Service 


ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 


30 The Queensway 
Toronto 3, Ontario 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 69 



THE HOSPITAL 


FOR 


SICK CHILDREN 


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OFFERS: 


1. Satisfying experience 


2. Stimulating and friendly en- 
vironment. 


3. Orientation and In-Service 
Education Program. 


4. Sound Personnel Policies 


5. liberal vacation. 


APPLICA TrONS FOR REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS INVITED. 


For detailed information 
please write to: 


The Assistant Director 
of Nursing 
AUXILIARY STAFF 


555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Ontario, Canada 


70 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 


HOSPIT AL - 
Newly expanded 350-bed hospital. Progressive patient care con- 
cept. 


SALARY - 
General Staff Nurses (Currently Registered in Ontario) $400.00 - 
$480. - 5-increments. 
Registered Nursing Assistants (Currently Registered in Ontario) 
$295.00 - $331.00, - 3 increments. 
HOUSING - 
Furnished apartments available at subsidized rates. 


JOB SATISFACTION - 
High quality patient care and friendly working environment. We 
appreciate our personnel and encourage their professional develop- 
ment. 


You are invited to enquire concerning employment opportunities to: 
Director of Nursing 


HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 


200 Church Street, Weston, Ontario 
Telephone 249-8111 (Toronto) 


CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL 


requires immediately 


REGISTERED GENERAL DUTY NURSES 


This is a modern 1,OOO-bed hospital including a new 
200-bed convalescent-rehabilitation section. Benefits 
include Pension Plan, sick leave, and shift differen- 
tial plus a liberal vacation policy and salary range 
$360 - $420 per month commensurate with training 
and experience. 


Apply to: 


Director of Nursing Service 


CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Calgary, Alberta 


JANUARY 1967 



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specialization 


401 


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education 


.... 



 


recreation 


SpecIalize at either the 424 bed Grace Central 
HospItal in the new $250 million Detroit Medical 
Center or at the 448 bed Grace Northwest Hospital. 
(Grace is second largest in terms of admissions in 
MIchigan.) 
Further your education at nearby Wayne State 
University or one ot the many smaller colleges 
nearby. 
Enjoy your leisure time in the heart of the 
cultural and entertainment center of dynamic 
DetroIt or enJoy the all-year around sports and 
recreatIon of Michigan. 
Staft nurses at Grace earn from $500 to $600 
per month for days and $514 to $629 for evening 
and night duty plus very generous fnnge benefits. 
Other pOSItions pay even more. For full informa- 
tion contact" Director of Nursing. 


GRACE CENTRAL HOSPITAL 
4160 John R. Street. 
DetroIt. MichIgan 48201 
or 
GRACE NORTHWEST HOSPITAL 
18700 Meyers Road. 
DetroIt. MichIgan 48235 


IANUARY 1967 


ASSISTANT 
ADMINISTRATOR 
(NURSING) 


" 
t 


To assume full responsibility 
for the nursing service functions 
of a 1,000 bed teaching hospital, 
located in a modern medical 
centre, and to coordinate nursing 
educafion activities with the ser- 
vice functions. 


Post Graduate qualifications in 
nursing, hospital management, 
or business administration; and 
administrative experience rela- 
ted to the responsibilities of this 
position, are required. 


The salary level will recognize 
the responsibilities of the position 
and the qualifications of the ap- 
plicant. 


Director of Nursing 
Service 


Required to assist in the ad- 
ministration of the Department 
of Nursing in directing and 
supervising patienf care. 


Post Graduate Nursing quali- 
fications and experience in 
nursing administration or super- 
vision, are desired. 


Attractive salary and benefits. 


Please direct applications to: 


Dr. L. O. BRADLEY, 
Executive Director, 


WINNIPEG GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 


700 William Avenue, 
Winnipeg, Manitoba 


Phone Area #204--774-6511 
Collect 


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e""eø se 


If you're ready for a change, but 
reluctant to make the move, we 
have an added incentive-a free 
airline ticket. Of course, it isn't 
really free-you'll have to take a 
position in a modern, progressive, 
expanding hospital and you'll 
have to live in a mild, sunny met- 
ropolitan area, rich in educational 
and cultural opportunities. But 
that isn't too much to ask, is it? 


f?:h 


PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL CENTER 
ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO 811 06 
UStarting salary to $555 a month 
u500-bed hospital 
o Personal orientation program 
uLiberal fringe benefits 
UContinuing educational programs 
=*Career advancement opportunities 
uTwo universities 
UTwenty minutes from nearby 
mountain ski area 
EQUAL OPPORTUNITV EMPLOVER 


Mail coupon or call collect (505-243-9411, Elt. 219) 


Mrs. Susan Dicke. Director of Nurse Recruitment 
Presbyterian Hospital Center. Oepartment B 
Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106 


Please mall me more information about nursing 
at Presbyterian Hospital Center and tell me how 
I may fly there at your expense. 


Name 


Address 


City 


State 


School of Nursing 


Ve.r of Graduation _Month 
.-.-.-....-- ...-....... - ..-...-.- 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 71 



SCHOOL OF NURSING 
WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Requires the following Faculty 
a) Psychiatric Teacher (One). 
b) Medical and Surgical Teachers (Two). 
Minimum requirement - B. Sc. N_ 
The above oddifionol staff is required 
for New Program. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing Education 
WOODSTOCK GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 
Woodstock, Ontario 


SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 


COOKSVtllE, ONTARIO 


A new 450-bed General Hospital, located 
12 miles from the City of Toronto. hos 
openings for: 


(1) GENERAL STAFF NURSES in all d.. 
partments; 


(2) Regiltered Nursing Assistants in all 
departments. 


For information or application, write to: 


Director of Nursing 
SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 
Cooksville r Ontario 


KINGSTON GENERAL HOSPITAL 


KINGSTON, ONTARIO 
Inferesting chonges in our physical planf 
ore taking ploce at Kingston Generol 
Hospifal. We invife you to join OUr 
Nursing Staff and share in providing 
qualify care fo our patienfs. We offer 
you a basic orientation and an ongoing 
educafion programme. Sfarting salary is 
dependent on Ontario registration, pre- 
parafion and experience. Kingsfon is the 
home of Queen's Universify and the 
Royal Milifary College and is ideally 
located in the Thousand Islands area. 
as well as close to the Metropolitan 
areas of Monfreal. Toronfo and New 
York City. 
Apply to: 
MISS S. M. BURKINSHAW r 
Dirf'ctor of Nursing, 


72 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


OPERAT1NG ROOM 
SUPERVISOR 


Postgraduate trained. 
For 61-bed well-equipped 
hospital. 


Apply: 
Administrator 


WILLETT HOSPITAL 


Paris, Ontario 


PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES 


required for 
HEALTH BRANCH 
B. C. Civil Service 
Positions available for qualified Public 
Healfh Nurses in various centres in Brifish 
Columbia. 
SALARY: $432 - $530 per monfh; car 
provided. An opportunity for interesting 
and challenging professional service in this 
beautiful ond fost-developing Province. 
For further information and application 
forms, apply to: 
The Director, Public Health Nursing, 
Deparfment of Health Service. and 
Hospitat Insurance, Parliament Building.. 
VICTORIA, B. C., or to The Chairman, 
B. C. CIVil SERVICE COMMISSION, 
544 Michigan Street, 
VICTORIA, B. C. 
COMPETITtON No. 66:281 A 


PETERBOROUGH CIVIC HOSPITAL 


School of Nursing requires 


INSTRUCTRESS (Nursing Arts) 
INSTRUCTRESS (Medical.Surgical Area) 
New self-contained education building for 
school of nursing now open. 
Trent Universify is sifuated in Peterborough 


For further information write to: 


Director of Nursing 
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC 
HOSPITAL 
Peterborough, Ontario 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 
PUBLIC GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Chatham, Ontario 
requires 


INSTRuaORS 


Student Body of 130 
Modern self-confained education building 
Universify Preparation required with 
salary differential for Degree. 


For further information, 
apply to: 
Director, Nursing Education 


GRADUATE NURSES 


Eligible for regisfrafion in the 
Province of Ontario. 


Various positions available as SUPER. 
VISORS. HEAD NURSES. and GENERAL 
DUTY NURSES. Excellent opportunities for 
advancemenf in all areos of modern. 
newly expanded 1,OOO-bed General Hos- 
pital, including O.R. and Recovery, Inten- 
sive Care. Emergency, Central Supply. 
Medical and Surgical Units. 


Please contact: 
Director of Nursing 
HENDERSON GENERAL 
HOSPIT AL 
Hamilton, Ontario 


REGISTERED GENERAL 
DUTY NURSn 


For 75-bed active hospital located 70 
miles Easf of Saskatoon. 


Excellent personnel policies. 


Apply: 
Director of Nursing Service 
ST. ELIZABETH'S HOSPITAL 
Humboldt, Saskatchewan 


JANUARY 1967 



nurses 


who want to 
nurse 


At York Central you can join 
an active, interested group of 
nurses who want the chance to 
nurse in its broadest sense. Our 
I 26-bed. fully accredited hospi- 
tal is young. and already talking 
expansion. Nursing is a profes- 
sion we respect and we were the 
first to plan and develop a unique 
nursing audit system; new mem- 
bers of our nursing staff do not 
necessarily start at the base salary 
of $372 per month but get added 
pay for previous years of work. 
There are opportunities for gain- 
ing wide experience, for getting 
to know patients as well as staff. 


Situated in Richmond Hill, all 
the cultural and entertainment fa- 
cilities of Metropolitan Toronto 
are available a few miles to the 
South. .. and the winter and 
summer holiday and week-end 
pleasures of Ontario are easily 
accessible to the North. If you 
are realIy interested in nursing, 
you are needed and will be made 
welcome. 


Apply in person or by mail to the 
Director of Nursing. 


YORK 
CENTRAL 
HOSPITAL 


RICHMOND HILL, 
ONTARIO 
NEW STAFF RESIDENCE 


!ANUARY 1967 


Registered Nurses 


AND 


Registered 
Nursing Assistants 


For 300-bed Accredited General 
Hospital situated in the pictur- 
esque Grand River Valley. 60 
miles from Toronto. 


Modern well-equipped hospital 
providing quality nursing care. 
Excellent personnel policies. 


For further information write: 
Director of Nursing Service 
SOUTH WATERLOO 
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 
Galt, Ontario 


REGISTERED NURSES 


250-bed General Hospital, ex- 
panding to 400, located in San 
Francisco, California. Positions on 
all shifts for nurses in Intensive 
Care Unit, Operating Room, and 
General Staff Duty. Salary range 
effective April 1967, $600-$700. 
Health and life Insurance, Retire- 
ment Program - all hospital 
paid. liberal holiday and vaca- 
tion benefits. Accredited medical 
residencies in Medicine, General 
Surgery, Neuro Surgery, Ortho- 
pedics, and Plastic Surgery. 


For further information write to: 


Miss Lois Jann, 
Director of Nursing 


FRANKLIN HOSPITAL 


14th and Noe Streets, 
San Francisco, California 


THE 
NORTHWESTERN 
GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 


[- 
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. 


THE HOSPITAL- 
Fu lIy accredited 
Progressive 250 bed hospital 
Planned expansion to 400 beds 
20 minutes to downtown Toronto. 


YOUR PROFESSIONAL GROWTH 
Planned orientation programme 
Continuing inservice education. 


BENEFITS INCLUDE- 
3 weeks vacation 
8 statutory holidays 
Cumulative sick leave 
Group life insurance 
Hospitalization 
40 hour week. 


HOUSING - 
Furnished apartments at reduced rates. 


For information contact: 
Director of Nursing 


NORTHWESTERN 
GENERAL HOSPI' AL 
2175 Keele St., 
Toronto 15, Onto 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 73 



WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Requires 


GENERAL STAFF NURSES 


ALL DEPARTMENTS 


and 


O.R. TECHNICIANS 


Apply: 
Director of Nursing 
WOODSTOCK 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Woodstock, Ontario 


McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL 


requires 
Registered Nurses for general Staff. The 
hospital is friendly and progressive. 
It is now in the beginning stoges of a 
$3,500,000 program of expansion and 
renovation. 


- Openings in all services. 
- Proximity to lakeheod 
ensures opportunity for 
educafian. 


University 
furthering 


For full particulars write to: 
Acting Director 
of Nursing Service 
McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL, 
Fort William, Ontario. 


ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
Hamilton, Ontario 


requires 


CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS in all Nursing 
areas. Well-equipped. modern School of 
Nursing. Student enrolment over ]00. 
Modern. progressive. BOO-bed Hospital. 
Salary commensurate with preparation 
and experience. 


For further details, apply: 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


74 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


PORT COLBORNE 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
!'ORT COLBORNE, ONTARIO 


ST AFF NURSES 


required 


For 166-bed hospital within easy driving 
disfance of American and Canadian me- 
tropolifan centres. Considerafion given for 
previous experience obtained in Canada. 
Completely furnished apartment-style resi- 
dence, including balcony and swimming 
pool facing lake, adjacenf to hospital. 


Apply: 
Director of Nursing 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
!'ort Colborne,Ontario 


REGISTERED NURSES 


For new 100-bed General Hospital in 
resorf town of 14,000 people, beaufifully 
located on shores of lake of fhe Woods. 
Three hours' travel time from Winnipeg 
with good transparfation available. Wide 
variety of summer and winter sports- 
swimming. boofing, fishing, golfing, skaf- 
ing. curling, fobogganing, skiing and ice 
fishing. 
Salary: $372 for nurses registered in 
Ontario with allawanæ for experience. 
Residence available. Good personnel poli. 
cies. 


Apply to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
KENORA GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Kenora, Ontario 


OTTAWA CIV1C HOSPITAL 


OTTAWA, ONTARIO 


This modern 10B7-bed teaching hospital 
requires: 


REGISTERED NURSES 
FOR All SERVICES INQUDING 
OPERATING ROOM AND PSYCHIATRY 


Excellent salaries. personnel policies and 
fringe benefits are available. 


Apply in writing to: 


B. JEAN MILLIGAN, Reg. N., M.A. 
Assistant Director 


ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 


LONDON. ONTARIO 


Teaching Hospital, 600 beds, new focilifies 


requires: 


REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


For further information apply: 


The Director of Nursing 
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 
London, Ontario 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
EDUCATION 


Masfer's degree preferred; fo conduct 
basic nursing program and offilliate pro- 
gram. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, 
CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL 
OF WINNIPEG, 
Winnipeg, Manitoba. 


ST. THOMAS-ELGIN 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Requires 
GENERAL STAFF NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSIST ANTS 
O. R. TECHNICIANS 


Modern 395 bed, fully accredifed General 
Hospital opened in 1954, with School 01 
Nursing. Excellent personnel policies. 
O. H. A. Pension Plan. Pleasant progres- 
sive industriol city of 22,500. 


Apply: 
Director of Nursing, 
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN GENERAL 
HOSPIT Al 
St. Thomas, Ontario. 


JANUARY 1967 



SUNNYBROOK 
HOSPIT AL 


REGISTERED NURSES 


General Duty Nurses on rotating 
shifts are needed as port of the 
re-organization of Sunnybrook as 
a university teaching hospital. 
Employment in our Nursing Ser- 
vices Department includes: 


Metro Toronto Salary Scale 
Accommodation at reduced 
rates. Full range of fringe 
benefits 


Three weeks vacation after 
1 year 


Good location 
subway on 
grounds. 


bus from 
to hospital 


For additional information, 
please write: 
Director of Personnel 
and Public Relations, 


SUNNYBROOK HOSPITAL 


2075 Bayview Avenue 
Toronto 12, Ontario 


ANUARY 1967 


POSITIONS ARE AVAILABLE 


for 


REGISTERED NURSES 


with special interest in medical 
nursing and rehabilitation of 
long term patients. 
Salaries recommended by the 
Registered Nurses' 
Association of Ontario 
Inservice educational program- 
me developed and 
expanding 
Residence accommodation avail- 
able at a very mod- 
erate rate 
Transportation advanced, if re- 
quested 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 


THE QUEEN ELIZABETH HOSPITAL 
130 Dunn Avenue 
Toronto 3, Onto 


REGISTERED NURSES 


for General Duty 


In modern 20-bed hospital locat- 
ed in thriving northwestern On- 
tario community. Starting salary 
$335 minimum to $400 maxi- 
mum for three years' experience. 
Board and room in modern 
nurses' residence is supplied at 
no charge. Excellent employee 
benefits and recreational facili- 
ties available. Further particulars 
on request. Apply giving full 
details of experience, age, avail- 
ability, etc. to: 


Employment Supervisor 


MARATHON CORPORATION 
OF CANADA LIMITED 


Marathon, Ontario 


ONTARIO SOCIETY 


FOR 


CRIPPLED CHILDREN 


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Invites applications from Public 
Health Nurses who have at least 
2 years experience in general- 
ized public health nursing, pre- 
ferably in Ontario. 


INTERESTING AND VARIED 
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 
IN AN EXPANDING PROGRAM 
INCLUDE: 


. an opportunity to work direct- 
ly with children, their parents, 
health and welfare agencies, 
and professional groups 


. participation in arranging 
diagnostic and consultant cli- 
nics 


. assessing the needs of the 
individually handicapped chjld 
in relation to services provided 
by Easter Seal Clubs and the 
Society. 


Attractive salary schedule with 
excellent benefits. Car provided. 
Pre-service preparation with sa- 
lary. 


Apply in writing to: 


Director, Nursing Service, 
350 Rumsey Road, 
Toronto 17, Ontario 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 75 



REGISTERED NURSES 


Staff posifions available in acute and 
convalescent unit of large General Hospital 
located in San Francisco Bay Area. Sfarfing 
salary $550 fo $605 plus differenfial. Ex. 
cellent benefits. 


Apply: 
SEQUOIA HOSPITAL 
Whipple and Alameda 
Redwood City, California 


222 BED GENERAL HOSPITAL 


requires 


STAFF NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


Cornwall is noted for its summer and 
winter sporf areas, and is an hour and a 
half from both Montreal and Ottawa. 
Progressive personnel policies include 4 
weeks vacafion. Experience and posf.basic 
cerfificafes are recognized. 


Apply to: 
Ass't. Director of Nursing 
(service) 
CORNWALL GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Cornwall, Ontario 


EVENING OR NIGHT 
SUPERVISOR 


For 70lbed active hospital located 70 
miles East of Saskafoon. Salary com- 
mensurate wifh experience and qualifica- 
tions. Excellent personnel policies. 


Apply: 
Direclor of Nursing Service 
ST. ELIZABETH'S HOSPITAL 
Humboldt, Saskatchewan 


76 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


REGISTERED NURSES 


required for 
82-bed hospifal. Sifuafed in the Niagara 
Peninsula. Transportafion assistance. 


For salary rafes and personnel policies, 


apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
HALDIMAND WAR MEMORIAL 
HOSPITAL 


Dunnville, Ontario 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


Applicafions are invited for the above 
position in a modern, 56.bed, fully ac- 
credited hospital wifh expansion plans 
under active study. Nursing administrafive 
educafion and experience desirable. 
Salary commensurate with qualifications. 


Apply: 
Mrs. M. Fearn, Executive Director 
THE BARRIE MEMORIAL 
HOSPITAL 
Ormstown" Quebec 


CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR 
FOR OPERATING ROOM 


required by 


ROYAL COLUMBIAN HOSPITAL 


School of Nursing, 
New Westminster, B.C. 


For further information contact 


Director of Nursing 


THE UNIVERSITY OF 
WESTERN ONTARIO 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 


annOunces 
FACULTY POSITIONS 
available for the following programmes: 
I. A Four-Year Basic Degree ProgrammE 
(B.Sc.N.) beginning in September 1966 
2. Degree Programme for Graduafe Reg. 
istered Nurses. 
3. Exponding graduate programmes 
(M.Sc.N.). 
Enquires are invifed from qualified person! 
who are interesfed in Universify teaching 
opporfunifies in the School of Nursing of a 
rapidly developing Health Sciences Centre. 
For information write to: 
The Dean, School of Nursing 
THE UNIVERSITY OF 
WESTERN ONTARIO 
London, Canada 


REGISTERED NURSES 


Positions available in several hospitals 
in Easf Cenfral Saskafchewan ranging 
from 10 - 75 beds. Saskafchewan Reg- 
isfered Nurses' Associafion so lory schedule 
and personnel policies in effect. 


For further information apply to: 
Executive Director 
EAST CENTRAL REGIONAL 
HOSPITAL COUNCIL 
Suite 4, Smith Block, 
Yorkton, Saskatchewan 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES 
and 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 


Wanfed for acfive General Hospital (125 
beds) sifuated in St. Anfhony, Newfound- 
land, a town of 2,400 and headquarfers 
of the International Grenfell Association 
which provides medical care for northern 
Newfoundland and the coo sf of labrador. 
Salaries in accordance with ARNN. 


For further information 
please write: 
Miss Dorothy A. Plant 
INTERNATIONAL GRENFELL ASSOCIATION 
Room 701A, 88 Metcalfe Street. 
OTTAWA 4. ONTARIO 


JANUARY 1967 



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GUY'S HOSPITAL 
LONDON 
TO REGISTERED NURSES Of 
ACCREDITED SCHOOLS Of NURSING 


If you are visiting Great Britain. why not widen your professional 
experience and consider joining the staff at Guy's Hospital? 
Appointmenfs for six months are offered in all Branches of general 
nursing, in the specialised unifs. and privafe pafienfs wing. 
The furnished accommodation is excellent and all modern facilities 
are available. The Hospital is ideally situated for exploring London. 
Those nurses who are inferested and would like further information, 
please write to: 
The Matron, Cuy's Hospital, 
London, S. E. 1. 


giving details of your nursing training. and subsequent experience. 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 
BROCKVILLE 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Requires 


TEACHERS 


For the recently approved two year curriculum with 
a third year of experience in nursing service. You 
will enjoy participating in the development of a 
progressive school which emphasizes planned learn- 
ing experiences for the students. Theory is taught 
concurrent with clinical experience. 
Qualifications: Bachelor of Science in Nursing 
or Diploma in Nursing Education 
or Diploma in Public Health Nursing 
Excellent salaries and personnel policies. 
You would enjoy living in the attractive "City of 
the Thousand Islands" two and one half hours from 
Expo 67. 


For further information contact: 
The Director, School of Nursing 
BROCKVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Brockville, Ontario 


IANUARY 1967 


THE MONTREAL GENERAL HOSPITAL 


offers a 
6 month Advanced Course in 
Operating Room Technique and 
Management to 
REGISTERED NURSES 


with a year's Graduate experience 
in an Operating Room. 
Classes commence in September and 
March for selected classes of 
8 students 


For further information apply to : 
The Director of Nursing 


THE MONTREAL GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Montreal 25, Quebec 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 77 



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REGISTERED & GRADUATE 
NURSES 


Are required to fill vacancies in a modern, centrally 
located Hospital. Tours of duty are 7:30 - 4:00, 3:30- 
12:00 and 11 :30 - 8:00. 
Salary range for Registered Nurses is $382.50 to 
$447.50 per month and for Graduate Nurses is 
$352.50 to $417.50 per month. We offer a full 
range of employee benefits and excellent working 
conditions. 
Day Care facilities for pre-school children from 3 
months to 5 years in age. 


Apply in person, or by letter to : 
Personnel Manager, 
THE RIVERDALE HOSPITAL 
St. Matthews Road, 
Toronto 8, Ontario. 


DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 
offers 
NEW DIPLOMA PROGRAM 


in 


OUTPOST NURSING 


A program extending over two calendar 
years has been developed to prepare 
graduate nurses for service in remOfe 
areas of Northern Canada. Major areas 
within fhe cOurse of sfudy will include: 
Public health nursing 
Complete midwifery 
Basic clinical medicine 
Insfrucfion will be highly individualized. 
!sf year - To be spenf affhe University. 
2nd year - To consist of an internship 
direcfed by fhe Universify in 
selected northern agencies. 
Candidates should have complefed at 
least one year of professional nursing. 
Upon complefion of fhe program students 
will receive a Diploma in Public Health 
Nursing and a Diploma in Outpast 
Nursing. 


For further information write to: 
Director, 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 
Halifax, Nova Scotia 


78 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


REGISTERED NURSES 


Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois is a 
new 587-bed General Hospital, located in a pleasant 
suburb of Chicago. 
The hospital is modern with a wide range of services 
to patients, including Hyperbaric Oxygen Unit. Low- 
cost modern housing next to the hospital is available. 
The hospital is completely air-conditioned. 
Annual beginning salary is from $6,000 plus shift 
differential pay. Regular salary increments at six 
months of service and yearly thereafter. Sick leave 
and other fringe benefits are also available. 


Write or call collect: 


Director of Nursing Services 


LUTHERAN GENERAL HOSPITAL 
PARK RIDGE, ILLINOIS 60068 
Telephone: 692-2210 Ext. 211 
Area Code: 312 


THE WINNIPEG 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Offers the following opporfunify for ad- 
vanced preparation to qualified Regisfered 
Graduate Nurses: 


A SIX MONTH CLINICAL COURSE 
in 
OPERATING ROOM 
PRINCIPLES AND ADVANCED 
PRACTICE 


The caurse commences in September of 
each year. Mointenance is provided, and 
a reasonable sfipend is given each month. 
Enrolment is limifed to a maximum of 
fen sfudenfs. 


For further information please 
write to: 


THE DIREOOR OF NURSING 
700 William Ave. 
Winnipeg 3 


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DALHOUSIE 
UNIVERSITY 


Degree Course in Bosic Nursing - (B.N.) 
4 years 
A progrom eXfending over four calendar 
years leading to the Bachelor of Nursing 
degree is offered to candidates with a 
Nova Scotia Grade XII sfanding (or equiv- 
alenf) and prepares the student for nursing 
practice in hospitals and fhe communify. 
The curriculum includes studies in the 
humanities. nursing and fhe sciences. 


Degree Course for Registered Nurses - 
(B.N.) - 3 years 


A program extending over three ocademic 
years is offered to Regisfered Nurses who 
wish to obtain a Bachelor of Nursing 
degree. The course includes sfudies in 
the humanities. sciences and a nursing 
specia Ity. 
Diploma Courses for Registered Nurses - 
1 year 
(1) Nursing Service Adminisfrafion 
(2) Public Health Nursing 
(3) Teaching in Schools of Nursing 


For further information apply to: 
Director. School of Nursing 


DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 


Halifax, N.S. 


JANUARY 196i 



UNITED STATES 


AFF NURSES Here is the opportunity to further 
velop your professionol skills ond knowledge in 
, I,OOO-bed medicol center. We hove liberol personnel 
licies with premiums for evening and night tours. 
Jf nurses. residence, located in the midst of 33 
Irural and educational institutions, offers low.cost 
using adjacent to the Hospitals. Write for our booklet 
nursing opportunities. Feel free ta tell l.S what type 
sirian you ore seeking. Write: Director of Nursing, 
om 600, University Hospitals of Cleveland, University 
,cle, Clevelond, Oh io 44-06 15-36-1 G 


gistered Nurse (Scenic Oregon vacation play. 
:>und, skiing, swimming, booting & cultural 
ents) for 295-bed teoching unit on compus of 
.ive-rsity of Oregon medical school. Salary starts 
$525. Poy differentiol for nights ond evenings. 


liberal policy for advancement, vocations, sick 
leove, holidoys. Apply: Multnomoh Hospitol, Port- 
lond, Oregon. 97201. 15-38-1 


Staff Nurses: Live with your family in on attractive 
2 bedroom furnished home for $55 per month, 
including utilities, and work in a suburban Cleve- 
lond hospitol. Storting solory ronge $420 - $445 
with 6 and 12 month increments. Excellent transpor- 
tation to hospital door. Outstanding schools and 
cultural opportunities. Apply: Director of Nursing 
Service, Sunny Acres Hospitol, 4310 Richmond Rood, 
Clevelond, Ohio 44122. 15-36-1 E 


GRADUATE NURSES Wouldn't you like to work 
ot 0 modern 532-bed ocute Generol Teoching Hos- 
pitol where you would hove: (0) unlimited oppor- 
tunities for professional growth and advancement, 
(b) tuition poid for odvonced study, (c) storting 
solory of $429 per manrh (to rhose with pending 
registration as well), d) progressive personnel poli. 


ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 


MONTREAL, QUEBEC 


POSTGRADUATE COURSES 


1. 


(a) .Six month clinical course in Obstetrical Nursing. 
Classes - September and March. 


Two month clinical course in Gynecological Nursing. 
Classes following the six month course in Obstetrical 
Nursing. 
Eight week COurse in Care of the Premature Infant. 


(b) 


(c) 


2. Six month course in Operating Room Technique. 
Classes - September and March. 


3. Six month course in Theory and Practice in Psychiatric 
Nursing. 
Classes - September and March. 


For information and details of the courses, apply to: 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 


Montreal, P.Q. 


\NUARY 1967 
I 


cies, (e) a choice of areas? For further information, 
write or call collect: Miss Louise Harrison, Director 
of Nursing Service, Mount Sinai Hospital, University 
Circle, Clevelond, Ohio 44106. Phone SWeetbrior 
5-6000. 15-36-1 D 


STAFF NURSES: University of Woshington. 320-bed 
modern, expanding Teaching and Research Hospital 
located on campus offers you an opportunity to 
join the staff in one of the following specialties: 
Clinical Research, Premature Center, Open Heart 
Surgery, Physical Medicine, Orthopedicts, Neurosur- 
gery, Adult and Child Psychiotry in addition to 
the Generol Services. Salary: $501 to $576. Unique 
benefit program includes free University courses after 
six months. For information on opportunities, write 
to: Mrs. Ruth Fine. Director of Nursing Services, 
University Hospital, 1959 N.E. Pacific Avenue, 
Seottle, Woshington 98105. 15-48-2D 


UNIVERSITY OF 
BRITISH COLUMBIA 


School of Nursing 


DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC 
NURSING 
DEGREE COURSE FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 


Both of these courses lead to the 
B.S.N. degree. Graduates are pre- 
pared for public health as well as 
hospital nursing positions. 


DIPLOMA COURSES FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 


I. Public Health Nursing. 
2. Administration of Hospital 
Nursing Units. 
3. Psychiatric Nursing. 


For information write to: 
The Director 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 
UNIVERSITY OF B.C. 
Vancouver 8, B.C. 


NOVA SCOTIA SANATORIUM 


KENTVlllE, N.S. 


Offers to Graduate Nurses a 
Three-Month Course in Tubercu- 
losis Nursing, including Immu- 
nology, Prevention, Medical and 
Surgical Treatment. 


For information apply to: 


Director of Nursing 


NOVA SCOTIA SANATORIUM 


Kentville, N.S. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 79 



.......... 
.......... 
..

...... 
........... 
...++++++. 
.+++++++++ 
...+....+. 
..... 


Turns 
consume 
93 times their 
own weight 
in excess 
stomach 
acid! 


Laboratory tests show Tums neu- 
tralize 93 times their own weight 
in excess stomach acids, and that 
they maintain a balanced level for 
long periods, too. Tums go to work 
in 4 seconds on gas, heartburn and 
indigestion. And they taste pleas- 
antly minty, need no water and 
cost so very little. Those are the 
facts. So next time your tummy 
gives you a turn, give Tums a try. 
They're worth their weight in gold ! 
4lU
$.J 
FOR THE NURSE WHO 
DOESN'T HAVE EVERYTHING 


think how fasttheyll work 
on your tummy upsets! 


ASSISTOSCOPE ::
 


'- 


When your friends start 
"fishing" for what to give 
you this Christmas, hint 
to them how much you 
would like your personal 
lightweight stethoscope. 


ASSISTOSCOPE* - designed with the nurse in mind. 
Regularly $12.95, your Christmas stethoscope will cost 
you only $9.85 in your choice of white or black tubing. 
This offer expires December 24th. 


Also available in spe- 
cial sister model which 
fits easily under the 
coif. 


Order from t 
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M IIONTRUL 21 QUElIC 
2 _ 67 .TRADE MARl( 


ASSISTOSCOPE* 
Made in Canada 


80 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Index 
to 
advertisers 
Jan uary 1967 


Abbot Laboratories Ltd. 
Ames Company of Canada Ltd. 
American Sterilizer Company 
Bland Uniforms Limited 
Government of Canada, Dept. of Labour 
Canadian University Service Overseas 
M. J. Chase Co. Inc. 
Charles E. Frosst & Co. 
Hollister Limited 
Lakeside Laboratories (Canada) Ltd. 
Lewis-Howe Company (Turns) 
C.V. Mosby Co. 
T.M. Pharmaco (Canada) Ltd 
J.T. Posey Company 
The Queen's Printer 
Reeves Company 
Uniforms Registered 
United Surgical Corporation 
Warner-Chilcott Labs. Co. Ltd. 
White Sister Uniforms Inc. 
Winley-Morris Co. Ltd. 


Advertising 
Manager 
Ruth H. Baumel, 
The Canadian Nurse 
50 The Driveway, 
Ottawa 4, Ontario 
Advertising Representatives 
Richard P. Wilson, 
219 East Lancaster Avenue, 
Ardmore, Penna. 19003 
Vanco Publications, 
170 The Donway West, 
Suite 408, Don Mills, Ont. 
Member of Canadian 
Circulation Audit Board Inc. 


Cover IV 


I J 
2 
9 
24 
57 
10 
6 
5 
80 
20, 21 
17 
18 
12 
19 
Cover III 
17 
57 
Cover II 
80 


I3E:J 


JANUARY 1%: 



February 1967 


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TI)_l.Q_"_'_Tr''' T\ 


The 
Canadian 
Nurse 



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nursing in the USSR 
drug addiction 
nurse and pharmacist 
- partners 
estrogen and the menopause 


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These three exquisite White Sister luxury professionals seen here (and many others) are available at fine uniform shops and department stores everywhere. 
For the store nearest you, write: 


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WHITE SISTER and THE CANADIAN NURSES ASSOCIATION 
are pleased to co-operate 
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at the 
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exp o 67 :W
 

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W.B. SAUNDERS COMPANY 
Philadelphia and London 


Saunders Texts - to enrich and 
expand your knowledge of nursing 


. . . 


Kron-Communication in Nursing 
By THORA KRON, R.N., B.S., formerly St. Luke's Hospital of Nursing. 
A New Book! From the author of Nursing Team Leadership, here 
is a practical guide for the nurse on how to write, speak - even 
nod! - with meaning. It skillfully shows how to have your thoughts 
and ideas "come accross." Mrs. Kron provides specific, how-to-do 
it information for achieving improved communication: how to 
become an intelligent listener - how to give a demonstration - 
how to make a speech - how to disagree agreeably - how to 
write minutes, memos, reports, letters. In each discussion the author 
points out common difficulties and makes concrete suggestions for 
improvement. The principles given throughout the text are sum- 
marized at the end. 244 pp., iIIus., $4.05. Just Published! 


The Nursing Clinics of North America 
The Nursing Clinics fill an urgent need by providing a single and 
continuing source of information about the latest nursing concepts 
and techniques. The forthcoming March issue contains two impor- 
tant symposia: The Nurse and the Law, with Jane C. Donahue, R.N., 
LL.B., as Guest Editor, and Radiation Uses and Hazards, with Eliza- 
beth H. Boeker, M.S.P.H., as Guest Editor. The 16 full-length, well- 
written articles range from "Professional Liability Insurance for 
Nurses" to "Nursing Care in Radium Therapy." As in every issue of 
Nursing Clinics, every article is written by an authority in the field, 
and the topics discussed are those suggested by subscribers. Every 
issue (4 per year) contains about 160 pages with no advertising, 
and is bound between hard covers. Annual subscription (4 issues) 
only. $13.00. Student Rate: $10.80. 
Howe-Nutrition for Practical Nurses 
By PHYLLIS S. HOWE, B.S., M.E., Contra Costa College and Diablo 
Valley College. This up-to-date New (4th) Edition provides the 
practical nurse with full information on normal nutrition, diet 
therapy, plus selection and care of food. Discussions range from 
normal metabolic functions to the boiling temperatures for fresh 
vegetables. The author takes care to fully explain menu planning 
for both normal and special cases. You will find over 35 imme- 
diately practical charts and tables on such subjects as: new storage 
times for frozen foods - modified diet patterns, such as sodium 
or fat restricted - percentages of nutrients derived from the 
basic four food groups - fatty acid and cholesterol content of 
foods. Exercises are included at the end of most chapters. 302 pp., 
iIIus., $4.05. New (4th) Edition - Just Published! 


Dennis- 
Psychology of Human Behavior for Nurses 
By Lorraine Bradt Dennis, B.S., R.N., M.S., Marymount Junior Col- 
lege. In the thoroughly revised and expanded New (3rd) Edition! 
of this delightful book, Mrs. Dennis has achieved much more than 
just another textbook. As well as providing an excellent practical 
introduction to psychology, this books helps the student nurse to 
find out what she really wants to know: Why do people behave 
as they do? How can I study most effectively? What can I do 
about my problems? Mrs. Dennis gives a clear and balanced 
picture of psychology. She discusses genetics and early develop- 
ment; learning, behavior, and personality; defense mechanisms; 
mental illness and the forms of psychotherapy; emotional maturity 
in marriage - all with wit, warmth, and wisdom. Teacher's 
Guide available. 289 pp., iIIus., $5.40. New (3rd) Edition - Just 
Published! 


Canadian Representative: Me Ainsh and Company, Ltd. 1835 Yonge St., Toronto 7 
BRUARY 1967 THE CANADIAN NURSE 1 



so soft. . . so soothing 


,
 



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2 THE CANADIAN NURSE FEBRUARY 1967 



The 
Canadian 
Nurse 


A monthly journal for the nurses of Canada published 
in English and French editions by the Canadian Nurses Association 


Volume 63, Number 2 


February 1967 


27 A Glimpse of Nursing in the USSR H. K. Mussallem 
34 Estrogen Replacement at Menopause D.C McEwen 
38 Estrogen and the Menopause .. J. Blanchet 
40 Nurse and Pharmacist - Partners J. L. Summers 
45 Tumors of the Skin P. J. Fitzpatrick 
48 Radiation Therapy for Skin Cancer ... D. Martyn 


The views expressed in the various articles are the views of the authors and do not 
necessarily represent the policies or views of the Canadian Nurses' Association. 


4 Letters 
7 News 
18 Names 
21 Dates 


Cover photo courtesy of the USSR Embassy 


Executive Director: Heten K. Mussallem . 
Editor: Vlrglnta A. Llndabury . Assistant 
Editor: Glennts N. ZUm . Editorial Assistant: 
Carla D. Penn . Circutation Manager: Pier- 
rette Hotte . Advertising Manager: Ruth H. 
Baumel . Subscription Rates: Canada: One 
Year, $4.50; two years, $8.00. Foreign: One 
Year, 15.00; two years, 19.00. Single copies: 
50 cents each. Make cheques or money orders 
pa\able to The Canadian Nurse. Change of 
Address: Four weeks' notice and the otd 
address as well as the new are necessary. Not 
responsible for journats lost in mail due to 
errors in address. 
(i:) Canadian Nurses' Association. 1966 


:BRUARY 1967 


23 In A Capsule 
25 New Products 
51 Books 
54 Films 
55 Accession List 


Manuscript Infonnatlon: "The Canadian 
Nurse" welcomes unsolicited articles. AU 
manuscripts shoutd be typed, doubte-spaced, 
on one side of unruled paper leaving wide 
margins. Manuscripts are accepted for review 
for exclusive publication. The editor reserves 
the right to make the usual editorial chanl(es. 
Photol(raphs (glossy prints) and graphs and 
diagrams (drawn in india ink on white paper) 
are welcomed with such articles. The editor 
is not committed to publish aU articles sent, 
nor to indicate defimte dates of publication. 
Authorized as Second-Ctass Mail by the Post 
Office Department, Ottawa, and for payment 
of postage in cash. Postpaid at Montreal. 
Return Postage Guaranteed. 50 The Driveway. 
Ottawa 4. Ontario. 


"The menopause is definitely 
obsolete today." 
This statement is from the pen 
of Robert A. Wilson, M.D., one of 
the best known proponents of 
estrogen replacement therapy for 
menopausal and postmenopausal 
women. 
Dr. Wilson and his group regard 
the menopause as a deficiency 
disease, rather than as an inevitable 
and irreversible condition. They 
believe it requires replacement 
therapy with hormones, just as 
diabetes mellitus requires insulin, 
and hypothyroidism, thyroid. 
Not all physicians agree with Dr. 
Wilson and his colleagues. Some 
strongly oppose the use of sex 
hormones to relieve menopausal 
symptoms. They defend this 
conservative position by saying that 
most of these symptoms result 
from psychic, rather than physical 
causes, and that the loss of female 
hormones at middle life is a normal 
phenomenon to which the body 
will adjust. 
Other physicians assume a 
moderate position, agreeing that 
hormone replacement is warranted 
when the vaginal cell count reveals 
estrogen deficiency, or when 
menopausal symptoms, such as hot 
flashes, backache due to 
osteoporosis, etc., become 
distressing to the patient. 
Many women, aware of the 
present controversy surrounding 
this topic will direct their questions 
to nurses. We can answer these 
questions objectively only if we 
have all pertinent facts. For this 
reason, we asked two gynecologists 
to present the pros and cons of 
estrogen replacement therapy. 
Dr. Donald C. McEwen, in 
"Estrogen Replacement Therapy at 
Menopause," claims that one 
woman in three suffers from ovarian 
deficiency and should be given 
estrogens for the balance of her life. 
Dr. Jean Blanchet, in "Estrogen 
and the Menopause," takes a more 
conservative approach. He believes 
that only a small percentage of 
menopausal patients have symptoms 
that warrant hormonal therapy. 
Whether or not the menopause 
becomes "obsolete" in future is not 
something that we can predict. 
However, with society's stress on 
youth and youthfulness it seems 
likely that we will hear more from 
the proponents of estrogen 
replacement therapy in the future. 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 3 



letters 


{ 


Letters to the editor are welcome. 
Only signed letters will be considered for publication 
Name will be withheld at the writer's request. 


Recommended reading 
Dear Editor: 
We were interested in the review of 
Joyce Travelbee's Interpersonal Aspects of 
Nursing (December 1966). Our first-year 
students have been discussing material 
from this text frequently in their course in 
nursing fundamentals and we have found 
the book has helped them to think and 
understand more about nursing, human 
beings, and human experiences such as 
illness and suffering. Although there are 
a few deficiencies in the text, we believe 
that these are greatly outweighed by its 
value in assisting nursing students "to 
achieve helping relationships with others." 
- Sister Patricia Marie, (Mrs.) B. Jones, 
L. Devereux, and (Mrs.) S. Dunning, 
Teachers of Fundamentals of Nursing, St. 
Joseph's School of Nursing, London, On- 
tario. 


Dear Editor: 
I would like to recommend a book that 
I believe every nurse should read and 
which, I hope, she in turn may persuade 
just one doctor to read. 
The name is, In Search of Sanity, by 
Gregory Stefan, and is published by the 
University Books, New Hyde Park, New 
York. 
Those nurses who have read it say it is 
unbelievable. It is a very easily read. book 
and 1 believe it is a very fitting successor 
to A Mind that Found Itself, by Clifford 
Beers, the old classic that did so much to 
change mental hospitals. 
Most book stores in large cities will order 
it: Book-of-the-Month will order it; and 
it is offered at a much cheaper price by 
The American Schizophrenic Foundation, 
Ann Arbor, Michigan, if one is a member. 
- (Mrs.) Marion Palmer, Alberta. 


No criticism 
Dear Editor: 
In your November 1966 issue there was 
an interesting letter from a distressed 
reader regarding her obstetrical care in 
an Ontario hospital with a comment from 
a Halifax nurse stating: "I don't know 
what hospitals are putting out for nurses 
these days." 
Recently, I had the privilege of enter- 
ing a modern obstetrical hospital in Hali- 
fax. The attention and treatment I received, 
from the first moment I entered the hos- 
pital with my suitcase, until I left with my 
4 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


firstborn son, was the happiest experience 
of my life, and I cannot honestly criticize 
any phase of my hospitalization. 
My admission was quickly, quietly, and 
efficiently performed by a student nurse, 
who first introduced herself, and explained 
each procedure before she began the rou- 
tine preparations. She took the time to help 
me with the breathing exercises with each 
labor pain, thus reinforcing the instructions 
I had received from my doctor prenatally. 
On transfer to the waiting or labor room, 
I received friendly, professional interest 
and care from both students and supervisor. 
At no time during the waiting period was 
there evidence of confusion; therefore, a 
feeling of confidence was transmitted to 
me and no panic or fear resulted. The 
case room nurse took the time to visit 
several times during the long night and 
informed me of my progress. When I was 
finally admitted to the labor room, I felt 
the staff were friends as well as capable, 
well-trained professional personnel. 
The postpartum and nursery care in this 
hospital were of the same high calibre. My 
questions regarding the baby's progress 
as well as my own were quickly answered. 
The staff certainly displayed patient in- 
terest during my hospital stay. 
After leaving the hospital, I felt sorry 
that I had received my training 15 years too 
soon, when the emphasis was on nursing 
service, with nursing education second. I 
believe that students today are receiving 
better education. They are given the op- 
portunity to provide nursing care, instead 
of orderly, maid or technician duties. 
J enjoy the articles published on hospital 
nursing. However, J would like to see some 
articles on public health nursing. - A 
Public Health Nurse, Nova Scotia. 


Obstetrics for men 
Dear Editor: 
I am writing to commend you on the 
article "Why Not Obstetric Nursing For 
Male Students?" (October t966). The 
article was short but presented a good ar- 
gument in favor of obstetrical training for 
male nursing students. The same desires 
that bring women to nursing also bring 
men and the same opportunities for train- 
ing should be available to both. I believe 
that having men in obstetrics could pos- 
sibly lend a sense of stability and security 
to childbirth for many mothers. - Marsha 
Smith, S.N., Providence School of Nursing, 
Sandusky, Ohio. 


University education I 
Dear Editor: 
After reading Miss Margaret Steed's arti- 
cle "A Goal for the Future," (December 
1966) we would like to express our view 
points. 
First, we found the article very interest 
ing. We really appreciated Miss Steed'! 
analysis of the different roles in the nursinl 
profession. Rather than being based or 
quantity, as in the past, nursing care will 
in the future, be viewed more from the 
aspect of quality. This will provide a ne\\ 
concept of nursing service - a team work 
ing together, centered on the needs of the 
patient. 
For this, the hospital administrator wi! 
have to be well informed of the necessit} 
to employ and to utilize the work potentia' 
of the two different <:ategories of nurses 
We questioned the guidance which shoule 
be given to candidates for either nursin! 
course. Students must know exactly the 
kind of role for which they will be educ. 
ated and the opportunities they will have 
to pursue their studies. We foresee hoy, 
difficult it will be for a diploma nurse 
to be accepted in a baccalaureate program 
after following a non-credit nursing course 
Though it may be a distant goal, we 
should prepare the public, teachers, and 
students, to participate in the reorganiza' i 
tion of the nursing profession. 
Miss Steed really opened the way, and 
we are looking forward to more article
 
in the same light. - Nicole Lambert, Gi. 
neUe Lefebvre and Louise Poirier, 4th 
year students in the baccalaureate pro 
gram, Institute Marguerite d'Youville. 
Montreal. 


Dear Editor: 
J want to congratulate Miss Margaret 
Steed on her very fine article, "A Goal 
for the Future" (December, 1966). 
I have read this article with much in- 
terest and believe that she has made many 
comments which present her true thoughts 
on nursing at the present time. 
In the section "Education for Practice," 
which is well outlined, she presents facts 
that should be a stimulus to many young 
nurses who wish to map out a goal for 
their future. In the paragraph "Distinctions 
in Role and Practice," she has endeavored 
to bring out the full meaning of the im- 
portance of the nurse in practice. I was 
very interested in her comment on team 
nursing. 
The final paragraph, entitled "The Way 
(Continued on page 6) 
FEBRUARY 1967 




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6 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


letters 


(Continued from page 4) 
Ahead," is brief, concise. and very thought 
provoking. 
I will recommend this article to be read 
by all the students and I am very happy 
that she has taken her pen and com- 
posed such a splendid article. - Rahno 
M. Beamish, Director of Nursing, Kit- 
chener-Waterloo Hospital. Kitchener. Onto 


Dear Editor: 
The December issue, which describes bac- 
calaureate education, contains information 
which is of great value for the recruitment 
and dissemination of information to the 
members of the profession. 
We were a little disappointed with the 
writeup given to Mount Saint Vincent Uni- 
versity. When the original draft was sent 
for our review and correction in September, 
we made several changes. Yet, the uncor- 
rected draft appeared in the journal. We 
bring this to your attention knowing that 
THE CANADIAN NURSE, as the official organ 
of the Association, endeavors to publish 
accurate and up-to-date information. 
We look forward to each new edition uf 
the journal for the stimulating and varied 
articles it contains. - Sister Jean Eudes, 
R.N., M.S., Director of Nursing. 


The correct description of Moullt Sailll 
Vincent Ulliversity is provided here for the 
benefit of readers. - The Editors. 
Mount Saint Vincent University is the 
only independent women's college in Cana- 
da. It is a Catholic institution for the 
higher education of women and is cond- 
ucted by the Sisters of Charity. Located ill 
the village of Rockingham, about 20 min- 
utes from downtown Halifax by car, the 
campus overlooks Bedford Basin. The Uni- 
versity is growing rapidly; a new tower 
residence and a Student Union building 
hm'e been completed recently. Plans are 
under consideration for a new academic 
building with adjacent professional build- 
ings. Sister Jean Eudes, Director of the 
School of Nursing, is responsible to the 
Academic Dean who, in turn, reports 
directly to the President of the University. 
The basic nursing program is a four- 
year, integrated program leading to a 
Bachelor of Science in Nursing (B.Sc.N.) 
degree. Mount Saint Vincent University 
was the first university in Nova Scotia to 
offer an integrated nursing degree pro- 
gram. The course includes three summer 
sessions. Hospital practice is given in Hali- 
fax hospitals and health agencies and is 
under the direct supervision of the Uni- 
versity nursing faculty. 
A degree program is also open to reg- 
istered nurses who have completed one- 
year university courses in a nursing special- 
ty. The nurse who registers in this program 


is required to complete 10 courses i, 
science and liberal arts subjects. The pro 
gram, instituted to meet a pressing need fo 
nurses with degrees in administrative all. 
teaching positions in Nova Scotia, will b 
offered for a limited time. No certificat 
courses are m'ailable. 
Admission requirements to the basic 4 
year integrated program include Senio 
Matriculation (Nova Scotia grade 12) wit 
certain specific high school subjects. A ne} 
tower residence with single room accom 
modation is available on campus and st" 
dents may live in if they so desire. Marrie. 
women may apply, and, although the UIII 
}'ersity is primarily for women, men ma 
apply for certain courses. 
A bout 20 students are admitted to eac. 
new class. It is anticipated that the ScllOC 
will enlarge its facilities. Illterested cand. 
dates should write to the Director, Schoc 
of Nursing, Mount Saint Vincent Unive, 
sity, Halifax, N.S. 


"Grumps!" 
Dear Editor: 
Why is it that you always publish letter 
saying what a good magazine you have 
Doesn't anyone ever say anything critical 
Every issue it's "bouquets" and "COlT 
pliments." Why don't we ever see "gal 
bage" and "grumps"? 
Maybe it's because readers like myself 
who see plenty to criticize, get in the hab 
of tossing your magazine into the wast 
basket and turning to the funny pap::rs fo 
our amusement. 
Not that THF CANADIAN NURSE isn't amu
 
ing - at least to a certain extent. 
The bombastic. amateur-psychologist pros 
is really quite a laugh, as long as one doesn 
read too much of it or take it too seriousl) 
Take this. for a representative exampl 
from your last issue: 
"An analysis of the aspects of the nursin 
proces
 as related to patient care reveaJ 
a range of activities extending along 
continuum from the simplest to the mOl 
complex." In other words, in treating p, 
tients, a nurse has easy jobs and har 
ones. 
You've been preaching higher educatio 
for some time - in fact it seems to be th 
major theme of your magazine - but 
Miss Margaret Steed's article (which 
quoted from) is an indication of what hal 
pens after higher education, then heave 
preserve us from it. 
I have one more grump. One gels ver 
tired of seeing, hearing, and reading abol 
professionalism, and what behavior can b 
classified as professional, and is nursing 
profession or is it not. A nurse is a nurs. 
and whether she belongs to a profession ( 
a labor force, she's got to do the sam 
things when she goes to work. What i 
fact you're talking about is status; which 
to say, you're encouraging snobbery, n( 
professionalism. - Sharon Johnston. R.N 
Montreal, Quebec. 


FEBRUARY 196' 



news 



ore Cooperation 
:MA-CNA-CHA 
The Canadian Medical Association has 
leen asked to form a steering committee 
o prepare for a conference on Hospital- 
.tedical Staff relationships. The CMA 
viii invite the Canadian Nurses' Associa- 
ion and the Canadian Hospital Association 
o name members to the committee. 
The main object of the conference would 
Ie to explain the place and role in the 
lospital of administrative personnel, med- 
cal staff, and nursing staff, and to em- 
,hasize the relationship between the three. 
,ointing out the essential need for com- 
Ilete understanding and cooperation to 
Irrive at the desired result of more ef- 
icient operation to produce the best quality 
If patient care. 
The conference was suggested by a joint 
'ommittee of the CHA, CMA, and CNA at 
, meeting in December, 1966. 
The joint committee has also recom- 
nended that the three national associations 
Ie given the opportunity to participate in 
ach other's annual or biennial meetings. 
)r. L.O. Bradley, of the CHA, stated that 
here is very little cross representation at 
mnual meetings of either the national 
)r the provincial associations and that 
vhen such representation existed it was 
.eJdom that the representatives were given 
In opportunity to report the activities of 
heir associations or to point out the pro- 
Ilems that may exist between the organiza- 
ions. 


,tudy on Non-Nursing 
\ctivities in H.C. 
"In determining the number of hours of 
mrsing care per patient day, many hos- 
litals do not exclude the time spent by 
mrsing staff performing duties that are 
110re correctly the function of other depart- 
l1ents." 


This is the conclusion of a joint com- 
l1ittee of the Registered Nurses' Associa- 
ion of British Columbia and the B.c. 
Hospital Association who have recently 
'ompleted an investigation of some of the 
ifeas in which nurses assist. The commit- 
ee consulted representatives of dietary, 
lousekeeping, pharmacy, laboratory, x-ray 
md social service and have published a 
.ix-page booklet outlining non-nursing 
juties that nurses are called on to assume 
n these areas. 
The committee has recommended that 
'each hospital give serious consideration 
o the question of whether nursing person- 
FEBRUARY 1967 


RN is Expo 67 Hostess 


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This Pdtient at the Montreal Protestant 
Hospital is being taken on a verbal tour 
of Expo 67 by a hostess who is quite at 
home at the hospital bedside. Barabara F. 
Stewart, a graduate of The Montreal Gen- 
eral Hospital and the McGill School for 
Graduate Nurses. is one of the Expo 67 
hostesses who is presently informing North 
Americans about the coming Exposition. 
Miss Stewart, who speaks English, 
French and Italian fluently, was employed 
with the Montreal Branch of the Victorian 


, 


. 


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, f
' 
Order of Nurses prior to joining the Expo 
staff. Her wide professional experience at 
hospitals in Montreal, Atlanta, Georgia, 
Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland, and 
her travels in 16 other countries give her 
a valuable background for meeting the 
persons of various ethnic groups who will 
attend Expo, April 28 to October 27. 
"Being hostess at Expo is a once-in-a- 
lifetime event," says Miss Stewart. "When 
it is over, I plan to return to nursing, 
since it is my-true métier." 


'. 


nel are being utilized to the best advantage, 
and when nursing personnel must be as- 
signed non-nursing duties, the time so 
spent be subtracted when computing the 
actual nursing time being spent on nursing 
care." 
The committee recognizes that problems 
may exist in other areas, such as clerical, 
porte ring, messengering, and so on, and 
will continue their investigations into these 
areas at a later time. 


SRNA Prepares Guide 
for Refresher Courses 
The Saskatchewan Registered Nurses' 
Association released a new 12-page Guide 
for Refresher Courses for lnactil'e Nurses 
in December, 1966. The booklet will be 
used as a guide to establish programs to 


help inactive nurses return to nursing. 
The booklet was prepared by the SRNA 
Committee on Nursing Service. Nurses who 
have not been engaged in nursing for a 
period of five years or longer are required 
to have a refresher course before returning 
to practice, and the SRNA has undertaken to 
give direction and help with the organization 
of sU'ch a program through this means. The 
association will also assist in finding suitable 
staff to carry out the program to help in- 
active nurses return to nursing. 
The Guide recommends that hospitals of 
not less than 30 beds and subject to appro- 
val by the SRNA may set up programs. Fees 
paid for the course would generally make the 
programs self-supporting. The length of the 
experience would depend on the needs of the 
individual, but a minimum of 120 hours of 
selected and supervised practice over a 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 7 



news 


period of not more than 6 weeks is suggest- 
ed. Approximately 30 hours of theory should 
be correlated with the practice. 
Guidelines for course content are also 
included in the booklet. 


United Nurses of Montreal 
Seek Accreditation 
The leg31 counsel for the newly-organized 
United Nurses of Montreal, Mr. Phil Cutter, 
has announced that the UNM will seek to 
obtain accreditation from the Quebec 
Labour Relations Board to negotiate as 
bargaining agent for the 28 Montre31 hos- 
pitals in which English-speaking nurses are 
in the majority. 
The gener31 meeting, in setting up the 
constitution, stipulated that 311 nurses who 
are English-speaking members of the ANPQ 
could join the UNM. In fact, the UNM 
was founded following a meeting of the 
English-speaking chapter of district 11 at 
which 1,200 nurses resolved to form a union 
to negotiate on working conditions. 
At a meeting of some 600 nurses on 
December 14, Miss Moyra Allen, instructor 
at the McGill School for Graduate Nurses 
and president of the English-speaking 
chapter of District 11 of the Association of 
Nurses of the Province of Quebec, was 
elected president of the UNM. Other offi- 
cers elected were: Miss Terry MacMillen, 
vice-president; Miss L. Short, secretary; Miss 
C. Mutmuir, treasurer; and Misses T. Ni- 
chols, M. Powers, and A. H31I, directors. 
At present the UNM has 31ready recruited 
a majority of the approximately 4,800 
English-speaking nurses who work in the 
Montreal region. 
Another group of nurses, the Metropoli- 
tan Association of Nurses, was formed in 
Montre31 at the end of November, 1966, 
and is 31so seeking accreditation from the 
Labour Relations Board. 


Nurses Await Satisfactory 
Negotiations with Employers 
Ontario public he31th nurses in the coun- 
ties of Halton, Stormont-Dundas-Glengarry, 
and Peel are still awaiting satisfactory 
outcomes to their negotiations with 
employers. 
In Halton County, the nurses returned 
to work on November 7th, with the verbal 
understanding that negotiations would start 
immediately on their return. On November 
23 the nurses learned that the Council had 
back-tracked on its promise. The County 
Council announced that it would not nego- 
tiate with the nurses until they had become 
certified under the Labour Relations Act. 
The H31ton County public health nurses 
are presently considering alternative courses 


8 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


of action. They have no immediate plans 
for certification. 
In the United Counties of Stormont- 
Dundas-Glengarry, the public he31th nurses 
returned to work on December 19. three 
months after handing in their resignations 
when employers refused to negotiate sala- 
ries and working conditions with them. They 
returned to work with a written promise 
that a negotiating committee would be 
established, and that the board was prepared 
"to negotIate in good faith" with them. 
At press-time, no employer-employee ne- 
gotiations had been initiated. 
In Peel County, which has 31so been grey- 
listed by RNAO, public health nurses are 
awaiting the report of a conciliator, who 
was appointed in November by the Ontario 
Labour Relations Board. It is probable that 
a conciliation board will be set up as a 
recommendation of this report. According 
to RNAO News, "the ability of Peel County 
Board of Health to negotiate in good faith 
has not yet been demonstrated and the 
situation is becoming criticaL" 


"No Smoking" Literature 
For Bedside Tables 
A joint committee of the Canadian Med- 
ical Association, the Canadian Hospital 
Association and the Canadian Nurses' As- 
sociation suggested that the three associa- 
tions should support the CMA campaign 
to publicize the harmful effects of smok- 
ing. 
At a meeting early in December the com- 
mittee agreed that the CMA, working with 
the Department of National Health and 
Welfare, was the appropriate body to notify 
the public of the health hazaJd from smok- 
ing. 
It was also suggested that the CHA 
could recommend to hospitals that a notice 
prepared "by the Department of National 
Health and endorsed by the CMA and 
CHA be placed on all bedside tables in 
hospitals. 


Hospital Fringe Benefits 
Below National Averagt> 
In t 965, Canadian hospitals paid an 
average of $689 in fringe benefits for each 
employee. However, this was barely half 
the national average of $ t ,350 per employee 
of other Canadian industries. 
These figures were disclosed in the 
December issue of Hospital Administration 
in Canada, which pointed out that 20.8 
percent of total hospital payroll costs 
went toward fringe benefits. The overall 
national average of fringe benefits to pay- 
roll is 25.2 percent. 
According to the article, the highest 
percentage of the fringe benefits given 
to hospital employees was for paid time 
off work. This was much higher than for 
any other group. Paid time off work in- 


c1udes vacation pay, holidays with pa} 
rest periods and coffee breaks, paid tim 
off for death in the family, jury and militar 
duty. 
Hospitals rank very low in percentag 
of payroll benefits devoted to unemplo}' 
ment and workmen's compensation and i 
contributary pension and other welfar 
programs in comparison to the nationa 
average. 
Hospitals ranked higher in other non 
cash benefits, such as cafeteria losse! 
medical supplies to employees, parkin
 
education, and laundry services. 
The article was based on a study b 
The Thorn Group Ltd., managemer 
consultants, Toronto. This was the firm' 
sixth report on "Employer fringe benef] 
costs in Canada," but the first time th
 
hospitals were included in the survey. 


National Ht>alth and Welfare 
The Year in Review 
The year 1966 was a year of hand 
across the sea and expanded social secunt 
across the nation for the Department c 
National Health and Welfare. 
On the international scene, the Emel 
gency Health Services Division sent I 
emergency hospitals to Viet Nam and DJ 
Joseph W. Willard, Deputy Minister (] 
Welfare, was elected chairman of th 
Executive Board of UNICEF. 
In the field of social security, the newe! 
development was the announcement of th 
Guaranteed Income Supplement, whic 
will provide up to $360 a year to abot 
900,000 Old Age Security pensioners wit 
modest or no other income. 
The major expansion of the department' 
health facilities was completion of th 
Environmental Health Centre in Oltaw
 
opened officially in October by the: M 
nister, Hon. Allan J. MacEachen. The ne\ 
building accomodates laboratories and 01 
fices of the Occupational Health Divisior 
the Public Health Engineering Divisio 
and the Consultant in Aerospace Medicinf 
The Medical Care Act was passed b 
Parliament at the end of the year and wil 
become operative not later than July I 
1968. The provisions of this statute wer 
based on four principles outlined by th 
Prime Minister in July, 1965, when he an 
nounced the government's intention 10 
make federal contributions for provinciall 
administered medical care programs avaï 
able to the provinces. For provinces t, 
benefit from the federal program, provin 
cial plans must provide comprehensiv 
physicians' services to all residents of th 
province without regard to age, abilit 
to payor other circumstances. Further 
more, the Act empowers the governmen 
under stated circumstances to include add 
tional health services. Provincial program 
must be publicly administered and bene 
(Continued on page n 
FEBRUARY 196: 



Blands of Montreal 
FEATURE STYLE, COMFORT AND LONG WEAR 


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:EBRUARY 1%7 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 9 



\;\'ORKSHOPS FOR 


DIRECTORS AND 


D 

 


ASSIST ANT DIRECTORS 


Six regionol workshops for directors or ossistont directors of nursing service in hospitals 
will be conducted in 1967. The topic: Improvement of Nursing Service in Hospitals Through 
the Problem-Solving Method. 
The workshops aim at stimulating directors and assistant directors of nursing service to use 
the problem-solving approach in the administration of nursing services. Key speakers will 
discuss techniques of problem-solving. Major problems in nursing services in Canada will be 
discussed. n.rough group work and case study methods skills in problem-solving will be 
developed. 


Two workshops will 
Region 
Atlantic 
West 
And four in the Fall: 
Region 
Ontario 
Mid-West 
Ontario 
Quebec 


be held in the Spring: 
City 
Halifax 
Vancouver 


Dote 
April 11-14, 1967 
May 2-5, 1967 


City 
Toronto 
Regina 
London 
Quebec City 


Dote 
October 17-20, 1967 
October 24-27, 1967 
November 7-10, 1967 
Nov. 28-Dec. 1, 1967 


Exact locations will be announced later. 
The workshop to be held in Quebec city will be conducted in the French language only. 
English language nurses in the province of Quebec are invited to attend one of the work- 
shops held in Ontario. French language nurses in New Brunswick are invited to attend the 
workshop in Quebec city. 
The workshops are open to directo
 or assistant directors of nursing service in hospitals. 
Registration is limited to 60 persons. The registration fee is $50.00. Because of the nature 
of the workshop only full-time registrants can be accepted. 
Here is an opportunity for directors and assistant directors of nursing service: 
. to sharpen skills in problem-solving within a 
"training laboratory" environment; 
. to learn how problem-solving can be facilitated through group work; 
. to stimulate orderly thinking toward the improvement of 
nursing service; 
. to identify the leadership role of the director of nursing service 
and/or assistant director of nursing service in problem-solving and 
decision making. 
Interested! then plan now to attend the workshop in your area. Register early and avoid 
disappointment. 


I wish to register for the CNA Regional Workshop for Directors or 
Assistant Directors of Nursing Service in Hospitals held in : 
o Halifax 0 Regina 
o Vancouver 0 London 
o Toronto 0 Quebec City 


Name 


Title of Position 


Years in Position 


Name of Hospital 
City or Town 
Qualifications beyond RN 
I enclose postal note (bank money order) for $ 
payable to the Canadian Nurses' Association. 


Number of Beds 


MAIL TO: 


CANADIAN NURSES' ASSOCIATION 
50 The Driveway 
Ottawa 4, Ontario 


10 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


news 


(Continued from paRe 8) 


fits must be portable from province te 
province, thus ensuring the national char- 
acter of the plan. The amount of the 
federal contribution will be based on the 
average cost of insured services in particip. 
ating provinces and will be calculated on 
a per capita basis. 
Canada's need for more trained health 
personnel was recognized in July with the 
passage of the Health Resources Fund 
Act. It provides a fund of $500,OOO,OOC 
over 15 years to assist in acquisition. con. 
struction, renovation and equipping 01 
health training facilities and research insti 
tutions. The federal payments for an) 
projects will be up to 50 percent of the 
total cost. The balance need not, as ill 
some federal-provincial programs, be 
provided by the provincial government, 
but may be supplied by any source designat- 
ed by the province. 
The Smoking and Health Program added 
two major weapons to its arsenal - a 
teacher's kit with completely Canadian 
content and an animated film, The Drag. 
The film, directed at teenagers, is bein
 
given theatrical screening across Canada. 
A strong new link in the chain connecting 
smoking and fatal diseases such as lung 
cancer was forged by a recently published I 
report of the department's Epidemiolog) 
Division. It gives the results of a study 
conducted from 1956 to 1962 on the mort- 
ality rates of smokers compared to non- 
smokers. Those surveyed were recipient
 
of pensions from the Department of Vete. 
rans Affairs. 
The new Canada Assistance Plan is a 
federal-provincial measure designed to in- 
tegrate existing public assistance programs 
and to share for the first time the cost of 
Mothers Allowances, health care, exten- 
sions of welfare and administrative services. 
and work activity projects. The program 
places emphasis on the rehabilitation of 
recipients to overcome and reduce depen- 
dency on assistance and represents a signi- 
ficant step in updating and rounding out 
Canada's social security system. 
It was a year of intensive activity for 
the Canada Pension Plan. National head- 
quarters in Ottawa and 37 district of- 
fices across the country were established 
and began processing the first applications 
for retirement pensions. which started 
January, 1967. Services provided to the 
public by staff of these offices include: 
receiving applications for benefits, assist- 
ing in the completion of applications, coun- 
seling, explaining pension computations 
and furnishing other information on the 
Plan. 


(Continued 011 page 12) 
FEBRUARY 1967 



Making the Best Better 


/". 


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New 7th Edition! 
TEXTBOOK OF ANATOMY 
AND PHYSIOLOGY 


Now in a new 7th edition, this highly successful text provides 
the basic facts and principles of body structure and function 
in a well-organized form. Student comprehension and interest 
are increased through the two-color format and the superb 
selection of illustrations, as well as the newly expanded full- 
color Trans-Vision@ insert. This new edition gives thorough 
coverage to the newer findings in all areas of anatomy and 
physiology, omits the abundant detail which tends to confuse 
students and places more emphasis on organizing facts about 
explicitly stated principles. New learning aids include a list 
of abbreviations widely used in physiology and a list of 
common prefixes in scientific words. A new test manual is 
provided without charge to all instructors who use this book 
as the required text. 
By CATHERINE PARKER ANTHONY, B.A., M.S., R.N. lIIustrat.d by ERNEST W. 
BECK. Publication date: April, 1967. 7.... edition, approx. 570 pag.., 7" x 1a'. 
About $8.40. 


New 7th Edition! 
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 
LABORATORY MANUAL 


The new 7th edition of this popular laboratory manual 
presents a streamlined method for recording results of experi- 
ments and interpretations of those results, includes a greater 
number of physiological experiments than previous editions, 
suggests more audiovisual aids, includes chapter outlines and 
self-tests. A time-saving answer book is provided without 
charge to all instructors adopting this manual. 
By CATHERINE PARKER ANTHONY, B.A., M.S., R.N. lIIustrat.d by ERNEST W. 
BECK. Publication date: May, 1967, 7111 edition. About $4.00. 


The C. V. MOSBY Company, ltd. Publishers 


New editions of outstandingly successful 
Mosby texts-improved and perfected 
to meet your changing needs 


New 4th Edition! 
MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING 


The most widely adopted text of its kind, now in a new 
4th edition, this authoritative text continues to offer the 
most practical, up-to-date integration of all information 
required for the effective care and management of the 
patient who is medically ill and/or undergoing surgical 
treatment. 


This new 4th edition has been improved and perfected, 
providing you with a wealth of new material on patient 
care. Now more than ever before, you can give your 
students a thorough understanding of "total patient 
care." All chapters and illustrations have been exten- 
sively revised in the light of today's changing concepts 
in health care and medical treatment. 
Throughout this extensive revision two important con- 
cepts in nursing care have been stressed: ( 1) the en- 
larged concept of prevention-prevention of progression 
or of complications of disease, and prevention of limita- 
tions in living if handicaps do occur; and (2) the role 
the patient's family plays in the patient's progress. 
You will find instruction in the actual clinical situation 
made easier through the inclusion of the principles of 
anatomy, physiology and the social sciences as they 
relate to care of sick people on each age level. Addi- 
tional aids are the two-color format, assuring greater 
readability, the study questions at the beginning of each 
chapter, and a detailed bibliography. A 32-page Teach- 
ing Guide is given to all instructors adopting this text. 


By KATHLEEN NEWTON SHAFER, R.N., M.A.; JANET R. SAWYER, R.N., 
A.M.; AUDREY M. McCLUSKEY, R.N., M.A., Sc.M.Hyg.; and EDNA LlFGREN 
BECK, R.N., M.A. Publication date: April, 1967. 4111 edition, apprax. 860 
pag.., 7" x 10", 236 illustrations. About $10.80. 


A New Book! 
PRINCIPLES OF OBSTETRICS AND 
GYNECOLOGY FOR NURSES 


Utilizing a concise, fundamental approach to obstetrics 
and gynecology, this new book can give YOUT students 
an understanding of the foundations, theory and clinical 
nursing practice as they concern fetal development, de- 
livery, gynecologic complications and pathology. The 
fundamental concepts and principles necessary for the 
basics of nursing of the mother and child are clearly 
defined. 


By JOSEPHINE IORIO, R.N. Publication date: May, 1967. Apprax. 332 
pag.., 6Y.' x 9%", 75 Illustrations. About $7.40. 


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12 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


news 


(Continued from page 10) 


No. 
169 


Catholic Nurses Meet 
The Association of Catholic Nurses of 
Canada, in conjunction with the National 
Council of Catholic Nurses of the United 
States. will host the North American 
regional congress. The congress will be 
held in Montreal June 20 to 22, 1967 within 
the framework of the Expo 67 theme. The 
congress theme will be "Suffering of Man 
and His World." 
His Eminence, Cardinal Léger, Father 
Tillard, O.P., and Dr. Eleanor C. Lamber- 
tson, dean of the faculty of nursing at Co- 
lumbia University in New York. will be 
among the invited speakers. 
The program will include seminars as well 
as group meetings. An invitation to the 
congress is extended to Catholic nurses all 
over the world. 


Barrie Students Raise Funds 
for Overseas Student 
"Our Chinese Girl" is the favorite ex- 
pression among nursing students at the 
Royal Victoria. Hospital in Barrie, Onl. 
Since Miss Catherine M. Brown, director of 
the Royal Victoria Regional School of Nurs- 
ing, informed the students of a letter of 
application from Miss Cecilia Chiu, a For- 
mosan girl, the students have adopted a big 
sister attitude toward her. 
They have taken it upon themselves, as- 
sisted by the Royal Victoria Hospital School 
of Nursing, to raise money to assist Miss 
Chiu with her entrance fees and expenses. 
Miss Brown received Miss Chiu's letter of 
application in July. Her academic standing 
was acceptable by provincial standards, and 
the young lady would have been accepted 
for the first class of the new regional school. 
However, the time-consuming factors of 
mail delivery overseas and the trip to Barrie 
would have made her arrive too late to 
enter that class. 
Miss Chiu, having been informed that the 
school entrance fee was $200, and knowing 
that she would need money to live on while 
in Canada, believed that she would need 
another $500. She mentioned in her letters 
that she had enough money saved for her 
passage to Toronto, and that she would 
keep her secretarial position in Formosa 
during this year, but she would still likely 
need financial help. 
It was at this point that the studen" 
began their money-raising campaign. The 
students have a permanent baby-sitting pro- 
gram whereby one-half the money goes to 
the fund. They also have held a benefit 
dance, a hay ride, a hockey raffle and a 
hockey pool. Through the generosity of a 
local service ..tat ion operator. the ..tudenls 


held a gas-o-rama at which they received 
a commission on every gallon of gas they 
pumped. They have also received several 
offers of help and several donations from 
individuals in the area. 
To date, they have raised $336, with a 
goal of $500-$600. They are still looking 
for imaginative ways to raise the resl. 
When asked why they were doing this for 
a girl they had never seen, Miss Mary 
Ellen Empringham, chairman of the fund- 
raising committee replied: "Because she has 
made such an earnest effort to manage her 
passage here. we do not feel she should be 
deprived of her wish. We also believe that 
nurses are to help people and, even though 
we are far from being nurses, we believe thi.. 
campaign, its challenge, and the accomplish- 
ment of our goal will furnish a test of our 
qualities and characters as future nurse..... 


New Method for 
Early Cancer Detection 
Investigations that began JO years 
ago at the Royal Victoria Hospital in 
Montreal are leading researchers to believe 
that "heat pictures" or thermograms of 
the thorax could be the best method of 
detecting breast cancers, the commonest 
tumors in women. 
Detection of breast cancer at a very early 
stage is not usually possible by ordinary 
techniques. However, since at least 90 per- 
cent of patients with breast cancer show ab- 
normal temperature variations of 10C or 
more in the breast skin over the lesion, 
doctors feel that this sign should be ex- 
ploited as for as possible. There is also 
evidence that the degree of malignancy is 
related to the degree of temperature eleva- 
tion. 
Now, a Canadian breast surgeon, Ray 
N. Lawson, has developed a method of 
producing heat pictures of the thorax that 
clearly portrays these temperature varia- 
tions. Dr. Lawson uses infra-red radiation 
devices plus a scanning or image-producing 
device that gives a two-dimensional map 
or thermogram. The device is similar to 
the radar screens used on ships or in air- 
plane towers, except that it is sensitive to 
heat variations. 
Investigations are currently underway to 
engineer improved electronic gear for 
displaying temperature patterns. "At pre- 
sent, military needs have a much higher 
priority than those of medical research," 
says Dr. Lawson. "Knowledge of certain 
new advances in thermal physics that would 
help advance our techniques is presently 
unavailable to medical researchers." 
Engineering research in thermdl physics 
is also particularly costly. Since Novem- 
ber, 1966, however, the American Cancer 
Society has been sponsoring a program to 
evaluate the use of thermography diagnosis 
in breast cancer, and some enthusiastic 
reports have already been given. 


FEBRUARY 1967 



news 


Using new techniques, scanning of large 
body surfaces takes less than a minute and 
permanent records of the area can be 
available for study 10 seconds after the 
scan. 
The new scanning techniques would also 
be applicable in other medical areas, such 
as placenta location in obstetrics, arthritic 
disease, dennatology and arteriosclerosis. 
It is now established in some clinics as a 
most useful aid in cancer detection, evalua- 
tion of benign conditions. and follow-up 
surveys searching for cancer spread. 


Toronto's Street Haven 
Started by RN 
Street Haven, a refuge in Toronto for 
prostitutes, drug addicts, alcoholics, and 
lesbians, owes its existence to a thirty-year 
old registered nurse who has a big heart 
and a faith in human nature to match. 
Peggy Ann Walpole, a graduate of St. 
Michael's Hospital School of Nursing in 
Toronto, and now executive director of 
Street Haven, started this refuge for female 
offenders in March, 1965. At that time 
the Haven consisted of one room - an 
unused beverage room in an old hotel - 
and had no official financial backing. 
Today, as a non-sectarian organization 
that uses the services of more than 50 
volunteer workers, the Haven occupies 
2,000 square feet above a store in down- 
town Toronto and contains bright, airy 
living rooms, an office, and a large kitchen. 
A monthly budget of $2,100 is made up of 
grants from the Alcoholism and Drug Ad- 
diction Research Foundation, Eaton's, priv- 
ate donors, and the United Church of 
Canada. 
The idea of establishing a refuge for 
Women who are "at the bottom of the lad- 
der" came to Miss Walpole after she had 
read The Junkie Priest, by Father Daniel 
Egan, founder of a similar haven in New 
York. Before reading this book, she had 
become convinced that something other 
than the usual halfway house was needed 
for women who had been caught in the 
web of narcotic addiction, prostitution, 
and petty crime. 
"No woman is an addict or a prostitute 
by nature," says Miss Walpole, who en- 
countered many such persons as a nurse 
at St. Michael's, at a halfway house in 
Toronto, and at the city's Don Jail. "Usual- 
ly she is pressured into the life. All too 
often she is released from prison without 
money, without worthwhile friends, with- 
out a job, and with no place to go. When 
she returns to crime, it is for survivaL" 
The average age of the girls at the Haven 
is 23. Some come voluntarily for assistance, 
others are escorted by the police, or are 
FEBRUARY 1967 


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Miss Peggy Ann Walpole, R.N., founder and executive director of Street Haven. 
a Toronto refuge for female offenders, chats with luncheon visitors in the 
Haven's public tearoom. Eaton's of Canada helped furnish this room. 


referred by the courts. Recently, two young 
girls were brought to the Haven by an old 
prostitute from a brothel where the girls 
had been living. 
At the Haven. the girls are accepted and 
given individual attention by Miss Walpole 
and her volunteers. The informal therapy 
consists of discussion groups, including 
Sunday evening sessions with young men 
from a Youth Anonymous group from 
Hamilton; recreational activities. such as 
bridge, ping-pong, darts, and a weekly 
hootenanny; instruction in the techniques 
of serving and cooking for Street Haven's 
tearoom, which is open to the public; and 
arts and crafts. Some girls are directed to 
adult retraining centers for clerical courses; 
others are assigned small housekeeping 
responsibilities in the Haven. 
The volunteers, all of whom are inex- 
perienced when they come to Street Haven, 
involve themselves in all aspects of work. 
They write to and visit girls who are in 
hospital and jail; arrange to meet them on 
discharge from jail; pick up donations of 
furniture and clothing; assist with secre- 
tarial work; go on emergency calls to hos- 
pitals, and often to the "corners"; and 
attend court sessions. 
Nurses interested in volunteer work at 
the Haven should write: Street Haven, 2 
Teraulay Street, Toronto, Ontario. 


B.G.H. Receives 
Building Grant 
The Belleville General Hospital has been 
awarded a federal grant of $995,900 for 
construction and renovation programs. 
The hospital will add a new wing to its 
present building to provide space for 293 
active treatment beds and 44 beds for the 
care of psychiatric patients. The wing will 
also contain new operating rooms, x-ray 
department. laboratories and other facilities. 


Renovations to be carried out In the 
existing north wing will provide for an 
86-bed chronic care unit. Other renovations 
will include improvements to nurses' sta- 
tions. the enlargement of the physiotherapy 
department. modernization of the laundry, 
and additional space for the kitchen. 
Work is already underway and is schedul- 
ed for completion about November, 1967. 


New Services at 
L'lnstitut Albert Prévost 
Since the beginning of December. I1nstitut 
Albert Prévost in Montreal has offered the 
Quebec population three new psychiatric 
services: a diagnostic center. a day-care 
center. and a center for disturbed adoles- 
cents. This new undertaking aims to permit 
easier access by the public to specialized psy- 
chiatric services. 
The diagnostic center permits centraliza- 
tion of all applications for care. Immediate 
consultation is available for patients who 
come to the center and appointments will 
be made within 24 hours for those who tele- 
phone. After a preliminary evaluation, 
patients can be directed to the appropriate 
services. The outpatient clinic will now be 
limited to treatment of ambulatory patients. 
The day-care center can accomodate 20 
persons. These come to the hospital several 
days each week from 9:00 A.M. to 4.00 
P. M. These patients are those who. follow- 
ing hospitalization. require a period of 
adaptation to life outside the institution. 
those who need medical supervision, or those 
who do not need continuous hospital treat- 
ment but who will benefit from institutional 
services on a day basis. Experiments in other 
centers have shown that hospitalization can 
be reduced and often avoided. Therapeutic 
techniques center around group therapy and 
activities. 


(Continued on page 14) 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 13 



Gynecologist's Claim Investigated 
An American gynecologist is being in- 
vestigated by the U.S. Food and Drug 
Administration, according to Canadian 
Doctor, for claiming that oral contracep- 
tives prevent menopause. 
Dr. Robert A. Wilson, of Brooklyn, 
New York, made the claim in his recently 
published book Feminine Forever. 
FDA spokesmen said the statement is 
being investigated to determine whether it 
extends beyond claims made for the con- 
traceptives on labeling approved by the 
Administration. 
An advisory committee which recently 


news 


(Continued from page 13) 


The center for dislUrbed adolescents pro- 
vides beds for 10 patients and is reserved 
for boys from 14 to 18 years. This service 
brings to 160 the number of beds for 
adolescents of both sexes in the Montreal 
region. The center is attached to the child 
psychiatry division. 
The outpatient clinic and the day-care 
center will eventually include adolescents of 
both sexes. 


ONE-STEP PREP 



 


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FLEET ENEMA's Fast prep time obsoletes soap and 
water procedures. The enema does not require warm- 
ing. It can be used at room temperature. It avoids the 
ordeal of injecting large quantities of fluid into the 
bowel, and the possibility of water intoxication. 
The patient should preFerably be lying on the leFt side 
with the knees flexed, or in the knee-chest position. 
Once the protective cap has been removed, and the 
prelubricated anatomically correct rectal tube gently 
inserted, simple manual pressure on the container 
does the rest! Care should be taken to ensure that 
the contents of the bowel are completely expelled. LeFt 
DIo.I.,&
 colon catharsis is normally achieved in two to five 
minutes, with little or no mucosal irritation, pain or 
spasm. IF a patient is dehydrated or debilitated, 
hypertonic solutions such as FLEET ENEMA, must 
be administered with caution. Repeated use at short 
intervals is to be avoided. Do not administer to children 
under six months of age unless directed by a physician. 
And afterwards, no scrubbing, no sterilisation, no 
preparation For re-use. The complete FLEET ENEMA 
unit is simply discarded! 
Every special plastic "squeeze-bottle" contains 4'h 
fl. oz. of precisely Formulated solution, so that the 
adult dose of 4 fl. oz. can be easily expelled. A patented 
diaphragm prevents leakage and reverse flow, as well 
as ensuring a comFortable rate of administration. 
Each J 00 cc. of FLEET ENEMA confains: 
Sodium biphosphate _ _ . 16 gm. 
Sodium phosphate . . . . . . . . . . .. 6 gm. 
For our brochure: "The Enema: Indicatians and Techniques", 
containing full information, write to: Professional Service 
Department, Charles E. Frosst & Co., P.O. Bax 247, 
Montreal 3, P.Q. 


j 
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A QUALITY PHARMACEUTICALS 
-."". C
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6...Co. 

 .O'H;;:N
D IN CANADA IN ,::/
AD" 


14 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


completed a nice-month study of contra- 
ceptives reported no data indicating that 
any of the oral type are effective in altering 
the natural history of patients. 
An assistant to the FDA Commissioner 
said the issue is "a very involved legal 
question." 


Metabolic Research Ward 
Opens in Winnipeg 
Winnipeg Children's Hospital, Manitoba, 
opened a new ward for the diagnosis and 
treatment of metabolic disorders in children 
in mid-January, 1967. 
By coordinating the efforts of medica] 
and parameòical personnel, dietitians, bio- 
chemists, pharmacists, nurses, occupationaJ 
therapists, and social services, the metabolic 
ward will provide a complete range of 
services for both diagnosis and treatment of 
these disorders. I 
The unit will also offer services on an I 
outpatient basis, and conduct educational 
programs in the home management of meta- 
bolic disorders. 
The diagnosis of metabolic disorders is 
often delicate and painstaking and requires 
the young patients to undergo series of 
tests including careful measurement of die- I 
tary intake and excretions. Apparatus for 
collecting specimens from young children I 
plus storage facilities for these specimens I 
will be standard equipment in the new ward. 
Of the more than 100 metabolic disorden 
that have been diagnosed, some are tem. 
porary while others require a lifetime 01 
treatment. By opening its new ward, the 
Winnipeg Children's Hospital is joining the 
fight to lower the dea.th rate among childrel1 I 
suffering from such diseases. 
Mrs. Manfred Jager, appointed head 
nurse on the ward, prepared for her ne'" I 
position by inspecting metabolic wards ill 
Toronto, Boston, and Montreal. Mrs. Jager 
a graduate of the Winnipeg Children's Hos- 
pital, worked there as staff nurse and assis. 
tant evening supervisor, and assisted in esta- 
blishing a day hospital for children at the 
Mount Carmel Clinic in Winnipeg. 
The ward, to be located in the "four south 
section of the hospital," will be specially 
equipped with both the personnel and appa- 
ratus necessary to diagnose the disorders. 


No Gyn on Obs! 
New Jersey has stopped hospitals in that 
state from combining the care óf obstetric 
and gyneologic patients on the same nursing 
unit, according to an item in RN. 
The December issue of the nursing 
magazine reported that a three-year pilot 
study had been stopped by the state be- 
cause the hospitals involved in the research 
often violated the s!rict rules governing 
the admission of gyneologic patients to 
the maternity floors. "If pilot hospitals 
under close check ignore such criteria, 
other hospitals are even more likely to do 
so," said one state official. 
(Continued on page 16) 
FEBRUARY 1967 



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GO!... Where the ACTION is! 


. 
· Mrs. Helen Middleworth, Director, Nursing Service 
· Albany Medical Center Hospital 
. 
. Albany, New York 12208 


Albany Medical Center, that's where. A modern teaching hos- . 
pital perfectly located in beautiful upstate New York . . . on . 
the doorstep of New York City's bright lights . . . exciting . 
horse racing at Saratoga. . . summer homes of the Philadelphia · 
and Boston Symphony Orchestras. . . scenic lake George . .. · 
. 
and the greatest skiing in the East. . 
Our nursing opportunities are tops, too. For details, send for · 
our free booklet, "Albany Medical Center Nurse." · 
. 
. 
Albany Medical Center Hospital : 


Please send me a free copy of your nursing booklet. 


NAME ................. ...... ...... .,___. ...... 


ADDRESS _. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 


:E8RUARY 1967 


CITY ...............STATE ...........ZIP......


 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 15 



MOVING 


? 


. 


DON'T FORGET YOUR 
CHANGE OF ADDRESS 


Name: 


Registration No.: 
(If registered in two provinces, 
please give both.) 


Province: 


Old Address: 


New Address: 


Date effective: 


Allow at least six weeks 
for change of address 


Mail to: 


The Canadian Nurse 
50 the Driveway 
Ottawa 4, Onto 


16 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


news 


(Corzt;ll11ed from page /4) 


"Operation Hospital Supplies" 
Health Minister M. B. Dymond has an- 
nounced plans for Ontario's Department of 
Health to provide equipment for West Indies 
hospitals. The project will be known as 
"Operation Hospi
al Supplies." 
Dr. Dymond revealed that several weeks 
ago his Department had initiated a survey 
throughout general and psychiatric hos- 
pitals in Ontario to ascertain what surplus 
equipment is on hand for disposal. Corres- 
pondence with the Ministers of Health of the 
West Indies had previously revealed that 
most of the island hospitals lack many 
pieces of equipment that Canadians asso- 
ciate with a well-run hospital. 
"Early survey returns received from a 
few hospitals here in Ontario have been 
more than gratifying," stated Dr. Dymond. 
"I am confident Operation Hospital Supplies 
wi1l prove to be a highly successful project 
and most helpful to the people of the Carib- 
bean. I feel aU Canadians can share a 
sense of pride in the knowledge that a 
Centennial project of this nature will add 
to the health and well-being of their less 
fortunate Commonwealth partners," he ad- 
ded. 
Equipment such as beds, bedpans, tables, 
trays, kidney basins is being requested. All 
Ontario hospitals, including their medical 
and nursing staffs have been invited to sup- 
port Operation Hospital Supplies throughout 
1967. 


RNAO Recommends Change 
In Public Health Act 
An amendment to Ontario's Public 
Health Act was one of the recommenda- 
tions submitted by the Registered Nurses' 
Association of Ontario to the provincial 
government's Committee on the Healing 
Arts last December. 
RNAO recommended "that the Public 
Health Act be amended to ensure that 
nursing service prQvided by public health 
nurses be an integral part of any public 
health unit." The present Act allows a 
public health unit to function with the 
provision of nursing services to the com- 
munity. This, in effect, means that the 
community is not guaranteed the services 
of public health nurses. 
In addition to denying the community 
of nursing services, this omission in the 
Act has another ramification, according 
to the RNAO brief. "There are implica- 
tions for public health nurses who might 
wish to become involved in negotiating 
with their employer, as it is quite within 
his rights to discontinue public health nur- 
sing services without closing down the 
unit." 


ICN Council of International 
Representatives to Meet in July 
The Board of Directors of the Interna- 
tional Council of Nurses discussed the 
tentative agenda for the meeting of the 
Council of National Representatives to be 
held June 26 to July 1, 1967 at Evian, 
France. The agenda includes suggested 
plans for the next ICN Quadrennial Con- 
gress to be held in Montreal in July, 1969. 
The executive director and the president 
of the Canadian Nurses' Association will 
attend on behalf of Canada. The other 63 
member countries are expected to send 
representatives also. 
At this meeting the theme for the 1969 
Congress will be chosen. Seventeen national 
member associations, including Canada, have 
submitted suggested themes. The subjects 
reflect the wide concern of the associations 
for the adaptation of nursing to the tech- 
nological age and their interest in nursing 
research and nursing administration. 


Pharmaceutical Firm Expands 
Construction of a new wing is well under 
way at The British Drug Houses (Canada) 
Ltd., and the building is scheduled for 
completion in early 1967. Twelve thousand 
square feet on two floors are being added 
to the existing plant in surburban Toronto, 
at a cost of $750,000. 
The increased laboratory facilities will 
enable BDH to play an even greater part in 
research and development of medical pro- 
ducts, laboratory chemicals and general 
chemicals, according to Mr. F. Burke. 
managing director of the company. 


Winners Fly to 
Easter Island 
A jet trip to Easter Island is in the im- I 
mediate future for Mr. and Mrs. G.H' I 
Pimm of 251 Park Road, Rockcliffe, Ot- 
tawa. Mr. Pimm is the winner of the Easter 
Island contest mentioned in the August 
1965 issue of THE CANADIAN NURSE. 
Purpose of the contest was to raise mone) 
to pay for trailers left on Easter Island b) 
the Canadian Medical Expedition. 
In an article "Aku-Aku And Medicine 
Men" (August 1965), Carlotta Hacker. 
staff member of the expedition, explained 
how the trailers were left. During a two- 
month medical survey conducted on the 
island by Dr. Skoryna, the 37 team mem- 
bers lived and worked in ACTA trailers 
which they donated to the Pascuenses on 
their departure "as a much-needed annex 
to the hospital and as a permanent biologi- 
cal station." 
Following the article, a contest was an- 
nounced to help pay for the trailers. B) 
becoming an Associate of the Easter Island 
Expedition Society at the cost of $1.00, 
one became eligible for a free trip to 
Easter Island. 
Mr. Pimm and his wife, winners of the 
contest, will fly to the Island via Chile, by 
Canadian Pacific Airways. 
FEBRUARY 1967 



I 

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FEBRUARY 1967 


o 


'I 
I 
ç 


When the 
call is for IIStat." 
diagnostic findings 


. . . you can rely on AMES tests for immediate 
results in which you can have the utmost 
confidence. For example: 


LABSTIX. Reagent Strips: provide the broadest urine 
screening possible from a single reagent strip test; you get 
5 basic uro-analytical facts in 30 seconds-pH; protein; 
glucose; ketones (acetone and acetoacetic acid), and occult 
blood. The new firm, clear, plastic reagent strip permits 
precise, reproducible readings in all 5 diagnostic areas. 


DEXTROSTIX. Reagent Strips: provide a blood glucose 
determination in just 60 seconds with only one drop of 
capillary blood. DEXTROSTIX is invaluable in diabetic 
screening and management, and in emergency situations 
such as differential diagnosis of diabetic coma. This 
"true-glucose" method is also useful in a variety of clinical 
situations where rapid and accurate blood glucose 
estimations are needed. 


CliNITEST. Reagent Tablets-provide a quick, reliable, 
quantitative estimate of urine sugar. Testing with 
CLiNITEST has special significance for the hard-to-control 
diabetic, the newly diagnosed patient. or in diabetes when 
insulin, other medication or diet is being adjusted. 


Reliable Reproducible Results 
AMES tests are easy to perform and require no elaborate 
laboratory apparatus. They are designed to provide depend- 
able clues to abnormal conditions when rapid findings are 
necessary. Reagents employed in each strip are precisely 
controlled to provide uniformity in composition. Accurate, 
reliable reproducible readings are thus assured. Ready inter- 
pretation of results is permitted through the precise matching 
of colour changes observed after testing, with colour charts 
provided for each determination. AMES diagnostic aids save 
time, money and space. Moreover they prove of material 
assistance to physicians by helping to recognize patients 
who need immediate care, further study, or more extensive 
diagnostic procedures. 


Ames Company of Canada. ltd. 
Rexdale, Ontario. 


fA' 


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CAM-OJ366 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 17 



names 


o n J a n u a r y 2, 

 1967, Tatiana La be- 
koYSki wilJ take up 
her duties as the first 
director of the new 
Cornwall Regional 
School of Nursing. 
Although the class- 
rooms and residence 
of the new school 
are not yet under construction, Mrs. Labe- 
kovski's appointment will mean "the begin- 
ning of a concentrated effort to get things 
ready for the new class," for September, 
1967. 
Mrs. Labekovski received her B.A. in 
philosophy and philology from the Uni- 
versity of Belgrade, Yugoslavia, and con- 
tinued on toward a medical degree until her 
studies were interrupted by World War H. 
After her arrival in Canada, she grad- 
uated from St. Joseph's School of Nursing 
at Hotel Dieu Hospital, Cornwall, obtained 
her diploma in nursing education from 
Queen's University, and was a member 
of the teaching faculty at the Cornwall 
school of nursing for six years. 
In the past four years, Mrs. Labekovski 
has been assistant secretary, nursing edu- 
ootion and service at the Toronto head of- 
fice of the Registered Nurses' Association 
of Ontario. 
Mrs. Labekovski arrived in Cornwall 
late this December to "settle in before 
starting to work on her rather monumental 
task." 
All inquiries about the new school should 
be directed to the schools of nursing at 
either of the local hospitals. They will be 
collected and held there until Mrs. Labe- 
kovski has set up her office procedures. 


At the end of November 1966, the 
Canadian Nurses' Association in Ottawa 
welcomed two interesting visitors - Miriam 
M. Hornsby-Odoi and Ah Foo Chong - 
both on World Health Organization fellow- 
ships. 
Mrs. Hornsby-Odoi, a native of Ghana, 
was awarded a six-month fellowship com- 
mencing November 14, 1966, to study 
public health nursing administration in 
Canada and the United States. 
Since 1963 she has been principal public 
health nurse with the ministry of health 
in Accra, Ghana. 
Following her study, Mrs. Hornsby-Odoi 
plans to introduce and apply new practical 
ideas to improve the organization of public 
18 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


health nursing service in Ghana. 
Miss Ah Foo Chong, whose six-month 
award began January 3, 1967, is studying 
public health nursing administration at the 
University of California and in San Fran- 
cisco, Minnesota, New York, Washington, 
Baltimore, and Canada. 
Since 1963 Miss Ah Foo Chong has 
served with the Ministry of Health, Kuala 
Lumpur, Malaya as principal matron. In 
this position she has administrative duties 
at national level and is responsible to the 
director of medical services for the develop- 
ment and expansion of the health and 
medical nursing service and nursing train- 
ing programs. 
The fellowship wilJ provide "an op- 
portunity to work with nurses who are res- 
ponsible for the administration of public 
health nursing programs at the national, 
state, and local levels in the U.S. and Ca- 
nada." On her return home, Miss Ah Foo 
Chong wilJ be in a position to apply "new 
ideas in the development of these services, 
and to analyze the existing public health 
nursing services." 


-, 
- .. 


Ramona Paplaul- 
kal-Ramunal, a na- 
tive of Lithuania, has 
recently joined the 
editorial staff of 
L'INFIRMIÈRE CANA- 
DlENNE. 


Miss Paplauslcas- 

 Ramunas attended the 
University of Ottawa 
where she obtained her B.A. and B.Sc. in 
1961. After graduation, she gained five 
years' experience as a publications editor 
with the Canadian Department of Agri- 
culture. 
A member of various organizations, Miss 
Paplauskas-Ramunas has also held executive 
positions with the Ottawa Citizenship Coun- 
cil, Canadian Industrial Editors' Associa- 
tion, and the Professional Institute of the 
Public Service of Canada. 



 


Recently appointed 
to the newly esta- 
blished position of 
nursing advisor in 
public health psy- 
chiatry for The On- 
tario Hospital, King- 
ston, was Helen Eliza- 
beth Etherington. 
A graduate of the 



 
I", . 
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... 


Mack Training School, St. Catharines, 
Ontario, Miss Etherington has also received 
postgraduate education in both public health 
nursing and administration and supervision 
in public health nursing from the Univer- 
sity of Toronto. In 1963-64 she attended 
the McGilJ School for Graduate Nurses 
where she obtained a diploma in teaching 
and supervision in public health nursing 
with a major in psychiatric nursing. 
Her experience has included two years 
as a faculty member at The Ontario Hos- 
pital School of Nursing, Kingston, and 
seven years in various public health nursing 
positions including that of supervisor of 
public health nursing with the department 
of health, Peterborough. 


Helen Jean Hanel, 
a 1953 graduate of the 
school of nursing at 
the Calgary General 
Hospital, recently as- 
sumed her new posi- 
tion as director of 
nursing at the Nanai- 
mo Regional General 
Hospital, Nanaimo, 


British Columbia. 
Prior to her new appointment, Mrs. 
Hanel worked at the Royal Inland Hospital, 
in Kamloops, B.C. as associate director of 
nursing services. Other experience includes 
two and one-half years as director of nur- 
sing at the Union Hospital, Canora, Sas- 
katchewan, and service as a general duty 
nurse in St. Paul's Hospital, Saskatoon, 
and the Union Hospital, Swift Current, 
Saskatchewan. 


Ena Maud Orr, 
director of nursing 
of the Ontario Hos- 
pital, Brockville, On- 
tario, for the past 35 
years, retired Decem- 
ber 31, 1966. 
Mrs. Orr graduat- 
ed from the Ontario 
Hospital School of 
Nursing, Toronto. In 1930 she was among 
the second class to graduate in nursing 
education from the University of Toronto. 
Before assuming her duties as director 
of nursing in Brockville, she was an in- 
structor at the Ontario Hospital, Toronto. 
Almost 400 nurses have graduated from 
the school of nursing "which she shaped 
and kept vigorous through the many 
changes in nursing education." 


n 


. 


FEBRUARY 1967 



Barabara Ellemer. 
has been appointed 
assistant superinten- 
dent of nursing educ- 
ation for the Saskat- 
chewan Department 
of Education. 
A 1958 graduate 
of the school of nur- 
sing of the Regina 
:Jeneral Hospital, Mrs. Ellemers also ob- 
ained a diploma in public health nursing 
'rom the University of Saskatchewan, a 
B.N. from McGill, and is presently work- 
ng toward her M.A. at the University of 
)askatchewan. 



. 


Prior to her present appointment, Mrs. 
Ellemers served with the Victorian Order 
Jf Nurses, the Saskatchewan Department 
Jf Public Health, and the Regina City 
Health Department. She also worked at 
the Jewish General Hospital in Montreal 
in 1962-63 as an instructor and during the 
following year as a lecturer at the McGill 
University School for Graduate Nurses. 


Valerie O'Connor, former editor of the 
International Nursing Review, recently be- 
came the new editor of Hospital World. 
Miss O'Connor, awarded the Gilchrist 
Scholarship to study in Great Britain in 
1961, was the first Australian nurse to 
undertake an academic course in journalism. 
On completion of her studies at the Regent 
Street Polytechnic School of Journalism, 
she joined the editorial staff of Nursing 
Mirror. Subsequently she went to the Inter- 
national Council of Nurses as public rela- 
tions officer and editor of the Council's 
publication. 


Lelia Raymond of the United Kingdom, 
has been appointed acting editor of the 
International Nursing Review. Until recent- 
ly, Miss Raymond was clinical instructor 
at King's College Hospital, London, Eng- 
land. 
She undertook her basic nursing educa- 
tion at King's College Hospital; her post- 
basic nursing education includes a certifi- 
cate for clinical instructor and teacher. 
She has been joint editor of the King's 
College Hospital Nurses League Journal, 
which appears annually. 


W.S. Hacon, former chief of the Emergen- 
cy Health Services Division for the Depart- 
ment of National Health and Welfare, reli- 
quinshed his appointment recently to accept 
a new position with the department. 
Mr. Hacon is the new director of Health 
Resources in the Department of National 
Health and Welfare. 
His successor in the Emergency Health 
Services has yet to be appointed. 
FEBRUARY 1967 


Georg Feilotter, for- 
mer instructor at the 
Cornwall General 
Hospital School of 
Nursing, is the newly 
appointed assistant di- 
rector of nursing (ser- 
vice) at the hospital. 
I 
 Mr. Feilotter gra- 
duated as a nurse in 1954 in his native 
Gennany, and emigrated to Canada in 
1960. His first Canadian appointment was 
at the Victoria General Hospital in Win- 
nipeg where he worked in medical-surgical 
nursing. From 1962 to 1964 he was a head 
nurse at the newly built Rehabilitation 
Centre in Winnipeg. 
Mr. Feilotter next attended the Univer- 
sity of Ottawa where he obtained two 
diplomas, one in rehabilitation nursing and 
the other in teaching and administration. 
He is presently doing part-time study lead- 
ing to his B.Sc.N. 


Mildred Irene Walker. who retired Novem- 
ber 30, 1966 as senior nursing consultant in 
the occupational health division of the 
Department of National Health and Welfare 
(THE CANADIAN NURSE, January, 1967) died 
in hospital on January 16. 
Miss Walker began her nursing career in 
1924 with her graduation from the Victoria 
Hospital School of Nursing, London, On- 
tario. Her busy career was largely adminis- 
trative and included experience as a lecturer, 
assistant professor, and public health nurse. 
Miss Walker became senior nursing consul- 
tant in 1949, a position she maintained until 
her retirement last November. 


"A gifted Ontario woman," and a great 
Canadian nurse, Edith MacPherson Dickson, 
died recently after a long and active life. 
The number of highlights in her profes- 
sional career indicate the major role she 
played on the Canadian nursing scene. 
After graduating from the Toronto Gen- 
eral Hospital School of Nursing, where she 
was noted "as being a leader" by Mary 
Agnes Snively, founder of the Canadian 
Nurses' Association, Miss Dickson went to 
Weston as superintendent of nurses for the 
Toronto Tuberculosis Hospital. 
During the fonnative years of 1920-22 
Miss Dickson served a tenn as president of 
CNA. She was also the driving force that 
led to the passing of the Ontario Registration 
Act. 
One of the first three recipients of the 
Mary Agnes Snively Medal for outstanding 
accomplishments in nursing in Canada, Miss 
Dickson was also awarded an honorary life 
membership in CNA in 1958. 
Her many activities included membership 
on the committee to erect a national memo- 
rial in the Hall of Fame, Parliament Build- 
ings, Ottawa, in honor of nurses who lost 
their lives in the First World War. 



 


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Try the Mt. Sinai Hos- 
pital of Cleveland which 
offers $500 a month be- 
ginning salaries, educa- 
tional opportunities, and 
job satisfaction - all in 
the cultural center 'of the 
city. Write to Nurse Re- 
cruiter, Dept. CA for more 
information. 



 THE MOUNT SINAI 
HOSPITAL OF CLEVELAND 
Uninrsiry Cirde . Clevellnd, O.io 4-4106 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 19 



Save hours of your time D 1 1 @ 
by replacing the enema with... U CO ax Suppositories 


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Even modern enema equipment is cumbersome and time-. 
consuming to assemble. Irrigation poles, bags, tubing, 
bedpans-all must be drawn from Central Supply, in- 
spected and brought to the bedside. It cuts into your valu- 
able morning time and becomes a real burden when you 
have several patients needing enemas. 
And, more often than not, your patients are distressed at 
the prospect of discomfort and loss of dignity-especially 
the elderly, the seriously ill, or postpartum and post- 
surgical patients. 


Dulcolax (brand of bisacodyl) 
Dulcolax Suppositories 10 mg 
Dulcolax Suppositories for Children 5 mg 
Dulcolax Tablets 5 mg 


" 


Dulcolax Suppositories offer a sure, simple way to elimi- 
nate the enema routine. One small suppository is inserted 
in seconds. You like the simplicity and convenience- 
patients are grateful to be spared the ordeal of an enema. 
Dulcolax Suppositories usually act in 15 minutes to I hour, 
so you can time evacuations and reduce accidents. You 
can finish the whole ward in less time, with Jess effort, 
less soiled linen. 


Boehringer Ingelheim Products 
Division of Geigy (Canada) Limited, Montreal 


8-S 113-6S 



dates 


February 9-10, 1967 
Meeting of Standing Committee on 
Nursing Education, CNA House, 
Ottowa. 


End of March 
Institutes for Instructors 
Ramada Inn, Vancouver, B.C. 
A two-day institute sponsored by the 
Registered Nurses' Association of B.C. 


March 19 and 22, 1967 
Deportment of Notional Health and 
Welfare, Notional maternal and 
Child health conference. 
Talisman M.otor Hotel, Ottowa. 
Inquiries: Dr. Jean Webb, Chief. 
Child and Maternal Health Division, 
Deportment of Notional Health and 
Welfare. Brooke Claxton Building, 
Ottowa 3, Ontario. 


April 28, 1967 
Nurses' institute on respiratory 
disease, Notional Museum, Otta
a. 
For information write The Canadian 
Tuberculosis Association, 343 
O'Connor Street, Ottowa 4. 


May 4-6, 1967 
St. Boniface Hospital, School of 
Nursing, 25th Reunion of the 1942 
graduating closs. 
Would members of the 1942 
graduating closs please write to Miss 
F.E. Taylor. R.N., 10123-122 Street. 
Edmonton. 


May 8-12, 1967 
Notional League for Nursing, Biennial 
Convention. Theme: "Nursing in the 
Health Revolution." 
New York Hilton Hotel, New York City. 


May 10-12, 1967 
Canadian Hospital Association, 
Montreal. P.Q. 


May 15, 1967 
Notional Nursing Day. 


May 16-19, 1967 
Alberto Association of Registered 
Nurses Annual Meeting. 
Chateau Lac:>>mbe, Edmonton, Alberto. 


May 24-26, 1967 
International symposium on electrical 
activity of the heart. 
London. Ontario. 
For further information, write to 
Dr. G.W. Manning, Victoria Hospital, 
London. Onto 
FEBRUARY 1967 


May 29-31, 1967 
Operating Room Nurses' Fourth 
Ontario conference. 
The Inn on the Pork, Toronto, Ontario. 
Sponsored by the Operating Room 
Nurses of Greater Toronto. 
Direct inquiries to: Mrs. Eleanor 
Conlin, R.N., 437 Glen Pork Avenue. 
Apt. 309. Toronto 19. Ontario. 
May 31-June 2, 1967 
Registered Nurses' Association of 
Novo Scotia Annual Meeting. Sydney. 
N.S. 


May 31-June 2, 1967 
Registered Nurses' Association of 
British Columbia Annual Meeting 
Bayshore Inn, Vancouver, B.C. 


June 5-8, 1967 
Atlantic Provinces Hospital Association, 
Annual Meeting. 
June 12-15, 1967 
Canadian Dietetic Association 32nd 
Convention 
Chateau Laurier, Ottowa. 


June 18-21, 1967 
Ottowa Civic Hospital, Centennial 
Home Coming. 
Alumnae of former associates of the 
Ottowa Civic Hospital who are 
interested in the program should 
write to: Executive Director, Ottowa 
Civic Hospital. 
June 18-23, 1967 
Canadian Medical Association, 
100th annual meeting, M.ontreal, 
Quebec. 
Address enquiries to Dr. A.D. Kelly, 
Executive Secretory. 150 St. George 
St., Toronto 5, Ontario. 


June 24, 1967 
St. Joseph's Hospital School of 
Nursing, Toronto, Centennial Reunion. 
Any graduates who do not receive 
alumnae newsletters. please send 
nome and address to: St. Joseph's 
Hospital School of Nursing Alumnae. 
30 The Queensway, Toronto 3, 
Ontario. 


July, 1967 
75th Anniversary, Novo Scotia 
Hospital School of Nursing. 
Dartmouth. N.S. 
All interested graduates please 
contact Mrs. G. Varheff, 
20 Ellenvale Ave., 
Dartmouth, N.S. 


NEW FOR HOSPITALS 


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lope are completely sterilized by 
the Autoclave, the indicator ink 
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Autolope is security folded and 
pressure-sensitive gummed to 
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th .the 
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 21 



A nursing career with a difference. 


Excellent career opportunities exist 
for graduate nurses in the Canadian 
Forces Medical Service. Applica- 
tions will also be accepted from 
nursing s tuden ts in their final 
year of training. And enrolment 
will proceed upon registration. 
The duties of a Canadian Forces 
Nursing Sister are two-fold; that of 
a professional nurse and that of a 
commissioned officer. Her employ- 
ment therefore .. J carries with it 
the respon- 
 
 'sibilities of 
leadership as . 
 well as those 
of the medical \ '1 profession. 
It also carries with it op- 
P 0 r tun i tie s l' to travel, to 
serve in Canadian 
l military es- 
tablishments all across Canada 
and in Europe. 


The starting salary is $540.00 a 
mon th, and increases in pay are 
granted every three years. 30 days 
annual holiday, and free medical 
and dental care are added benefits. 
Nursing in the Canadian Forces 
Medical Service offers valuable and 
varied experience in different en- 
vironments, opportunities for pro- 
fessional advancement, the excite- 
ment of travel at home and over- 
seas, a respected position, and a 
unique way of life not usually 
available to a Registered Nurse. 
Further information and appli- 
cations for enrolment may be ob- 
tained from your nearest Canadian 
Forces Recruiting Centre, or by 
mailing the attached coupon. 


The Canadian Forces. 
Give it some thought. 
r-----------------------, 


Director of Recruiting, 
Canadian Forces Headquarters, 
Ottawa 4, Ontario 


Nam .. 


Addres " 


City or Town, and Provinc .. 


L_______________________
 


22 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


FEBRUARY 1967 



in a capsule 


Drugs from the Depths 1 
The underwater life of Australia's Great 
Barrier Reef may be a potential source of 
new therapeutic agents, according to Dr. 
Robert Endean of the University of Queens- 
land. 
Working with a six-man team, Dr. Endean 
has isolated from one variety of cone shell 
a toxin that produces muscular relaxation. 
This toxin affects only skeletal muscles, and 
does not appear to produce any of the side 
effects associated with curare type of drugs. 
Another variety of cone shell has yielded 
a toxin that cause
 sustained contraction 
of muscle. Dr. Endean reports, "I know 
of no other substance in the world which 
can achieve this effect, and it may prove 
to be valuable as a heart stimulant. We 
have already successfully tried it on the 
heart muscle of the toad." - The Horner 
Newsletter. 


"Pure" Doctors 
A selection of nurses' examination mis- 
takes, compiled by Roger Brook, has been 
published by the Souvenir Press, London, 
under the title "And after that Nurse?" The 
following excerpts show just how important 
wording can be. . . 
A cross infection committee was set up 
in the hospital to deal with affection be- 
tween nurses and patients. 
Phenobarbitone. may be given to seduce 
the patient and put his mind at rest. 
Cross infection is always blamed on 
nurses, but the real bugbears in this respect 
are the doctors who think they are too 
pure to carry such things as germs. - 
Nursing Mirror, 122: 599, Sept. 23, 1966. 


The Nose Knows 
One of the most disagreeable factors in 
working with geriatric patients, particularly 
those who are incontinent, is urinary odor 
which frequently permeates the entire en- 
vironment where patients are housed. A 
report in a medical journal stating that 
cranberry juice was used to deodorize 
wards having incontinent patients, prompted 
Charles R. Du Gan and Paul. S. Carda- 
ciotto to conduct an experiment in two 
geriatric wards, one containing 110 male, 
the other 110 female patients. 
During the program the usual methods of 
deodorization were discontinued and odor 
levels were obtained chemically as well as 
noted subjectively by personnel. 
The doses of cranberry juice were gra- 
dually increased from three ounces per pa- 
tient per day to a maximum of six ounces 
daily. The chemical tests on the urine and 
FEBRUARY 1967 


air reflected little change in either male or 
female wards after the administration of 
cranberry juice was begun. 
The personnel, using their noses as guides, 
reported more significant impressions. After 
the first week of giving cranberry juice, 
personnel noted that the odors were less 
evident in the wards. As the dose was 
increased, the odors became markedly re- 
duced. It was also reported by the ward 
personnel that the patients who had com- 
plained of a burning sensation on urination 
no longer complained of discomfort. Those 
incontinent patients who had had a strong 
odor about them seemingly had less odor 
when receiving cranberry juice regularly. 
The urine odor on clothing and bed linen 
was reduced markedly. 
During the administration of the cran- 
berry . juice, no untoward reactions were 
noted in any of the patients. - Excerpts 
from Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, Sept- 
ember, 1966. 


Beautiful Eyes 
Communication between adults has be- 
come a highly sophisticated art, with the 
result that true feelings are often lost be- 
neath a protective covering of words. It is 
a lack of such sophistication that makes 
the speech of mentally retarded adults 
childlike in quality. What we mistake for 
stupidity in the conversation of retarded 
adults is often a frankness and direct sim- 
plicity so often absent in our more technical 
manipulation with words. 
Jerome Nitzberg, M.S.W., in the Sept. 
issue of Canada's Mental Health, cites a 
few examples of the disarming - if not 
always rational - formulations of the re- 
tarded. One young man with a talent for 
leaving the floor dirty after mopping it, 
sincerely explained that "the floor is too 
big and the mop is too small." Another 32- 
year old childishly explained why he ne- 
glected to bathe more often: "I'll only get 
dirty again!" A young woman, in explaining 
why she wept so frequently, commented, 
"My eyes are beautiful when they are full 
of tears." 


Employee Services Recognized 
The presentation of long service awards 
is well established in industry, but equally 
industrious hospital employees often go 
unrecognized. That is until recently, when 
the Brockville General Hospital in Brock- 
vme, Ontario, set a precedent by awarding 
31 long service awards to personnel em- 
ployed there for more than 10 years. 


The director of nursing, Vera J. Preston, 
proved to have the longest service of all - 
over 25 years. Miss Preston, who began 
employment with the hospital on March 1, 
1938, received the top award of a gold 
watch as well as a gold service pin for 
"faithful devotion to her duties." 
Miss Nora Towe, of the food service 
department, received a 20-year gold service 
pin, and Miss Gladys Edwards, supervisor 
of the central supply department, who is 
only a few months short of 15 years service, 
received a 10-year service pin. Other nurses 
with 10 years and more service were: Miss A 
Foster, Mrs. S. Willows, and Miss Joan 
Freeman. 
All departments of the hospital were 
represented, including housekeeping, engi- 
neering, administration, and food service. 


Burnt Cakes and Car Accidents 
Insurance companies take note! From the 
results of her "Experimental Study of Home 
Accident Behavior," Dr. Joan Guilford, 
director of the American Institutes of 
Research in Los Angeles, concludes that 
"one might speculate that a woman drives as 
she keeps house." The frequency of accidents 
in the kitchen appears to be related to the 
frequency of those on the highway and to 
vehicle code violations, a study of auto- 
accident and violation records of 178 women 
indicated. Further, the type of auto accident 
- personal injury or property damage - 
seems selectively related to those in the 
kitchen. 
Dr. Guilford, who conducted the experi- 
ment using a mobile van with simulated 
home kitchen and one-way observation 
rooms, found that not only were home acci- 
dents correlated with auto accidents and 
traffic violations, but also that other factors 
- the number of a woman's children, her 
drinking habits, weight, personality traits 
and blood pressure - were related in many 
cases to accidents or near accidents. 
What factors may "predict" kitchen (and 
possibly automobile) accidents? One of the 
best, most consistent indications - at least 
in this study - was the number of children 
each subject had. "It seems clear that those 
subjects with more children have the lower 
accident rates," said Dr. Guilford. 
Other results indicated that when com- 
pared to teetotalers, women who drank al- 
coholic beverages were less likely to have 
kitchen accidents. Emotionally unstable 
women tended to have more personal-injury 
accidents, but not property damage. Both 
thin and obese subjects had more accidents 
than did average-weight subjects. 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 23 




 
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contents 


Introduction 
Body Fluid, Our Heritage from the Sea 
Cellular and Extracellular Fluid: Secretions and 
Excretions 
Units of Measure 
Gains and Losses of Water and Electrolytes 
Volume Changes in Extracellular Fluid 
Composition Changes of Major Extracellular 
Electrolytes 
Position Changes of Water and Electrolytes of 
Extracellular Fluid 
The Role of Nursing Observations in the Diagnosis 
of Body Fluid Disturbances 
The Elements of Nutrition 
The Nurse's Role in Preventing Imbalances of Water. 
Electrolytes, and Other Nutrients 
Help from the Lab 
Gauges for Dosage 
The Treatment of Body Fluid Disturbances 
Parenteral Fluid Administration - Nursing 
Implications 
Fluid Balance in the Surgical Patient 
Fluid Balance in the Badly Burned Patient 
Fluid Balance in the Patient with Digestive Tract Disease 
Fluid Balance in the Patient with Urological Disease 
Fluid Balance in the Patient with Cardiac Disease 
Fluid Balance in the Patient with Endocrine Disease 
Fluid Balance in the Patient with Neurologic Disease 
Fluid Balance in the Patient with Respiratory Disease 
Water and Electrolyte Disturbances from Heat 
Exposure 
Fluid Balance Disturbances in Infants and Children 
Bibliography 
Index 


To help save lives! 


A new and vitally important book 
on the nurse's role in prevention 
of body fluid disturbances. 


NURSES'HANDBDDK 
OF FLUID BALANCE 


Medical science recognizes that body fluid disturbances represent 
the common denominator of a host of illnesses; that every patient 
is a candidate for one or more of these disturbances; and that the 
life of a patient may depend upon early recognition, interpretation 
and intervention. Since the early recognition of fluid imbalance 
depends upon close observation of the patient, the nurse carries 
a heavy responsibility. She must be alert to adverse signs in the patient's 
progress and must understand their significance. 
Eminently qualified, the authors write with an insight into the 
medical problems and nursing needs of patients with fluid imbalance 
and provide the nurse - student and graduate alike - with a well- 
illustrated, comprehensive and illuminating book on body fluid 
disturbances. Emphasis throughout is on knowing what to look for 
- how to look for it - and what to do about it. - The authors 
first present general information concerning body fluid disturbances 
- their nature, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and diagnosis. 
They then deal with the important clinical areas. 


By Norma Milligan Metheny, R.N., M.S., Department of Nursing, 
St. Louis Junior College, St. Louis, Missouri: formerly Medical-Surgical 
Coordinator, Missouri Baptist Hospital School of Nursing, St. Louis. 


William D. Snively, Jr., M.D., Clinical Professor in the Department oj 
Pediatrics, Medical College oj Alabama; Vice President, Medical AI/airs, 
Mead Johnson & Company: formerly Chairman, Fluid Balance Exhibit 
Committee, American Medical Association. 


275 PAGES 


90 ILLUSTRATIONS 


1967 


$7.50 


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J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY OF CANADA LTD., 60 Front Street West, Toronto 1. 


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FEBRUARY 1967 


24 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


o Payment enclosed 
o Charge 


CN 267 



new products 


{ 


Descriptions are based on information 
supplied by the manufacturer and are 
provided only aø a service to readers. 


Pregslide 
(BELL-CRAIG) 
Description - A simple, inexpensive, 
and highly accurate urine test for preg- 
nancy. The Pregslide kit gives results in two 
minutes with an accuracy of 97%. Because 
of its high sensitivity, the new test can 
detect pregnancy earlier than any other 
slide test. 
Procedure - To perform the test, two 
prepared reagents are mixed with a single 
drop of the patient's urine on a specially 
tinted blue slide. The mixture will assume 
a smooth and, finally, a granular pattern if 
the patient is pregnant. In a negative test, 
.agglutination (clumping) will be visible 
within two minutes. 
For information on the new pregslide 
kit contact Bell-Craig Pharmaceuticals, 45 I 
Alliance Ave., Toronto 9, Ont. 


Showplace 
(BREWSTER) 
Description - This portable, table-top 
exhibition panel unit is offered in a variety 
of panel surfaces for use in hospital lob- 
bies, for fund raising or general public 
relations displays, and in nursing schools 
for instructional exhibits. 
The 25 lb. Showplace unit provides 24 
square feet of exhibit space in two 24" x 
36", two-sided panels encased in hard- 
.l\Vood frames. The equipment comes com- 
pletely assembled. 


\ 
4. 


I 

'II 
II 


.p. \ 


1
4I - 


The panel surfaces includes: 
 " thick 
"doeskin" Homasote, V<I" thick pegboard, 
'h" thick burlap-covered Homasote or V<I" 
thick burlap-covered pegboard. Frames are 
finished in walnut or driftwood. 
The Homasote panels will accept picture 
hoofs, nails, staples, pins and tacks, while 
the pegboard versions take print clips, 
hooks and shelves supplied by the manu- 
facturer. 
For further information, contact: The 
Brewster Corporation, Old Lyme, Conn. 
06371. 
FEBRUARY 1967 



 


Urecholine 
(MERCK, SHARP AND DOHME) 
Description - A new dosage size (25 mg. 
tablet) for Urecholine chloride has been 
added to the existing 5 and 10 mg. tablet 
size and the 5 mg.l cc. injection form. 
Urecholine chloride (bethanechol chlor- 
ide) is a parasympathomimetic agent that 
increases the smooth muscle tone of the 
gastrointestinal and urinary tracts. 
Indications - Urecholine chloride is 
recommended in the treatment of certain 
cases of postoperative urinary retention 
and atony of the bladder, postpartum uri- 
nary retention, postoperative abdominal 
distention, and in congenital megacolon 
when drug therapy is indicated. 
Dosage - Dosage and route of admin- 
istration must be individualized, depending 
on the type and severity of the condition 
to be treated. Mild and moderate disorders 
often respond to the tablet. Subcutaneous 
injection should be reserved for patients 
who do not respond to oral therapy. 
Oral: The usual adult dosage is 10 to 
30 mg. three or four times a day. Satis- 
factory response often follows 10 to 15 mg. 
The minimum effective dose is determined 
by giving 5 or 10 mg. initially and repeat- 
ing the same amount at hourly intervals 
to a maximum of 30 mg. until a satisfac- 
tory response occurs. The effects of the 
drug sometimes appear within 30 minutes 
and usually within 60 to 90 minutes. They 
persists for about an hour. 
Subcutaneous: The usual dose is 1 cc. 
(5 mg.), although some patients respond 
satisfactorily to as little as 0.5 cc. (2.5 mg.). 
The minimum effective dose is determined 
by injecting 0.5 cc. (2.5 mg.) initially 
and repeating the same amount at 15 to 
30 minute intervals to a maximum of four 
doses until satisfactory response is obtained, 
unless disturbing side effects appear. The 
minimum effective dose may be repeated 
thereafter three or four times a day as 
required. 
Injection Urecholine chloride is for sub- 
cutaneous use only. It should never be 
given intramuscularly or intravenously, 
since violent symptoms of cholinergic over- 
stimulation are likely to occur. Atropine 
is a specific antidote. A syringe containing 
a dose for adults of 0.6 mg. (1/100 grain) 
or more of atropine sulfate should always 
be available to treat symptoms of toxi- 
city. 
Contraindications - Urecholine chloride 
is contraindicated in hyperthyroidism, preg- 
nancy, peptic ulcer, latent or active bron- 
chial asthma, pronounced bradycardia or 


hypotension, vasomotor instability, coron- 
ary artery disease, epilepsy and parkin- 
sonism. 
Side Effects - Subcutaneous doses of 
I cc. or less may cause such mild side 
effects as abdominal discomfort, salivation, 
flushing of the skin or sweating. 
For further information or to receive 
the Urecholine file booklet, contact: Merck, 
Sharp and Dohme, P.O. Box 899, Mon- 
treal 3, P.Q. 


Literature Available 
Patterns of Disease, a booklet published 
six times yearly by Parke, Davis and Comp- 
any, features "special reports" which would 
be of interest to nurses. 
Examples of the reports featured during 
1966 are "Venereal Disease" (March- 
April), "Speech and Hearing Disorders" 
(May-June), "The Nation's Health Man- 
power" (July-August), and "Gastrointes- 
tinal Disorders" (September-October). 
Composed of numerous charts, graphs 
and illustrations, these reports offer a fund 
of interesting facts. 
Also published by Parke, Davis and 
Company, Ltd., "as a service to physicians," 
is their booklet Therapeutic Notes - and 
its French counterpart Notes Therapeuti- 
ques. 
Containing more description and fewer 
charts and illustrations that the first book- 
let, Therapeutic Notes features several 
articles in an attractive magazine format. 
Besides the regular "ten-second abstracts," 
articles on such topics as infectious mono- 
nucleosis, bites and stings, and eye dis- 
orders in the aging patient have appeared 
in the past year. 
Nurses can have their names added to 
the mailing lists of either publication by 
writing, individually, and specifying which 
publication, to Parke, Davis and Company, 
Ltd., 5910 Cote de Liesse Rd., Montreal 9, 
P.Q. 


The proceedings of the International 
Symposium on Physical Activity and 
Cardiovascular Health, which was sponsor- 
ed by the Ontario Heart J;'oundation 
together with the Ontario and Canadian 
Medical Associations, are now available at 
a cost of $3.00 each. 
This Symposium, held in October, 1966, 
included 31 speakers and 43 discussants 
at a gathering of 550 persons in the various 
fields of medicine and physical education. 
Orders for the proceedings should be sent 
to the Ontario Heart Foundation, 247 
Davenport Road, Toronto 5, Ontario. 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 25 



help wanted in Antigua, Burundi, 
Columbia, Ghana, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Madagascar, 
Peru, Rwanda" Sarawak" Tanzania, Tchad" Trinidad" Uganda" and Zambia. 



. 


- 


-, 


it's your world. 


These countries have a lot in common. Everyone is 
no place for you if all you have to offer is lofty 
ideals. These are countries that need realists-people 
who are ready to get down to work. And come down 
to earth. Literally. Don't kid yourself. . . signing up 
with this outfit will mean slugging it out through a 
tough, demanding job. That's the only way you'll fill 
the needs of these countries. And who knows, maybe 
you'll have a few of your own filled. What is CUSO? 
It's a national agency created to develop and pro- 
mote overseas service opportunities for Canadians. 
It arranges for the placement of qualified men 
and women in countries that request their 
services. If you're sent to a country it's be- 
cause they've asked for you. Or someone 
like you. How does CUSO work? Abroad, it 
works through different international agencies 
who all assist in the placement of personnel. 
In Canada it works through local co-ordinating 
committees, located in most universities. but serv- 


:: i 


. W.. 
 
. . ,.f 


ing the whole community. What kind of people are 
needed? People who can adapt their skills and training 
to a far-from-perfect environment. Nurses who are 
able to cope with frustrating (and often primitive) 
working conditions. Nurses who can train and super- 
vise other nurses. Nurses who can earn respect, 
and give it. Think about it. You'll know if you've got 
what it takes. What is the selection procedure like? 
Tough. Because we don't believe in sending underdevel- 
oped people to developing countries. Preliminary 
screening is carried out, where possible, by local 
committees. CUSO then nominates candidates 
to governments and agencies requesting per- 
sonnel, who make the final selection. CUSO 
also makes arrangements for preparatory and 
orientation courses. How do you apply? Get 
more information and application forms from 
local CUSO representatives at any Canadian 
.

 university, or from the Executive Secretary ofCUSO, 
151 Slater Street, Ottawa. 


cuso 


The Canadian Peace Corps 


26 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


FEBRUARY 1967 



A glimpse of nursing 
in the USSR 


This article is a thumbnail sketch of observations made by Dr. Mussallem during 
the Travelling Seminar on Nursing in the USSR last October. 


Helen K. Mussallem 


tI- 

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FEBRUARY 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 27 



"Please fasten your seat belts. We 
will be landing at Moscow's Interna- 
tional Airport in a few minutes." 
I looked out into the dark sky and 
the clouds suddenly vanished. "Those 
are the lights of Moscow," my com- 
panion said, "and over there is the Red 
Square. " 
I felt a strange tingle of excitement 
and wonderment. What is Russia really 
like? What are the people like - the 
nurses - the hospitals - the schools 
of nursing? Is the Russian system of 
nursing so different from ours? Now, 
one of the dreams of my professional 
life was about to come true: I was 
going to find the answers to these 
questions and a thousand others during 
our month-long Travelling Seminar on 
Nursing in the USSR. 


The twain did meet 
The link between the Canadian nurs- 
ing tradition and the Russian practice 
is tenuous, but, nevertheless, real. 
During the Crimean War, while Flo- 
rence Nightingale was organizing nurs- 
ing services for the British Army, Dr. 
Pirogov was organizing them for the 
Russian. Although each had the same 
basic objective, they never met to ex- 
change ideas. 
Dr. Pirogov continued his work after 
the Crimean War, and organized all 
levels of health personnel in Russia. 
When the Soviet system of public health 
services was inaugurated simultaneous- 
ly with the establishment of Soviet 
power in 1917, much of Pirogov's 
system was retained. 
After the Crimean War, Miss Night- 
ingale returned to England where she 
promoted and developed high standards 
of nursing education and nursing prac- 
tice. Her revolutionary ideas spread to 
virtually aU English-speaking countries 


Dr. Mussallem, Executive Director of the 
Canadian Nurses' Association. was a mem- 
ber of the WHO Travelling Seminar on 
Nursing in the USSR. This article was not 
submitted to the USSR Ministry of Health 
for approval. 
28 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


in every part of the world. 
Now, 100 years later, 23 nurses who 
had been educated in modified patterns 
of the Nightingale system, were to meet 
with nurses and doctors of the Soviet 
Union who were products of the Piro- 
gov system. 
Participants from many lands 
My Travelling Seminar colleagues 
were chief nursing officers in their own 
countries and literally came from the 
four corners of the world, or, more 
exactly, from the six World Health 
Organization Regions: Africa, Latin 
America, Eastern Mediterranean, Eu- 
rope, South-East Asia, and Western 
Pacific. We were in the USSR to learn 
about the entire health program and 
especiaUy about nurses and nursing. 
But we were to learn much more than 
that. We were to see cities, towns and 
villages in four Republics, meet the 
people, view the treasures of the past, 
participate in festivities, and return with 
a better understanding of this vast 
country of mystery, commitment, and 
contrast. 
Our colorful group convened at the 
Central Institute for Advanced Medical 
Studies in Moscow on October 6. 
Native costumes from Japan, the 
Sudan, India, Malaysia, Tanzania, and 
other countries displayed the splendor 
of the color spectrum. 
In the minds of all were many 
questions and some apprehension about 
what lay ahead. Certainly the warmth 
and friendliness of our colleagues in the 
Soviet Union left nothing to be desired. 
Even though the language barrier sep- 
arated most of us, this was quickly 
overcome through the six interpreters 
who were always at our disposal. 
Free health services 
The Seminar was opened the first 
morning by the Deputy Minister of 
Health of the USSR who explained to 
us the basic socialist principles on 
which the health services are based. 
We soon realized that it was essential 
to have an understanding of these 
principles to appreciate how the meth- 
odologies had evolved. 


The Deputy Minister spoke with 
great feeling of the importance of 
nurses. He said that he hoped this 
Seminar would be more than an ob- 
servation of the health and nursing 
services in the Soviet Union and that 
the nurses from the countries repre- 
sented would share their experience 
with their Soviet counterparts. This we 
did. 
The Minister told us that when 
Soviet power was established in 1917, 
the importance of health care was re- 
cognized, and its availability to aU citi- 
zens, even in the most remote areas, 
was regarded as a vital function of the 
state. The constitution of the USSR 
states emphatically that each individual 
has a right to maintenance in sickness, 
disability and old age. AU health ser- 
vices are available free to all citizens 
( and to visitors, as we were soon to 
learn) in the Soviet Union. 
We were impressed with the great 
improvements made in health services 
since 1917. For example, at that time 
there were 46,000 middle medical 
workers - the group to which nurses 
belong, 1.4 doctors per 10,000 popu- 
lation, and 13.0 hospital beds. The 
average life span was 44 years. Today, 
there are 1,620,000 middle medical 
workers, 23.2 doctors per 10,000 po- 
pulation, and 93.1 beds. The average 
life span is 66 years for men and 73 
for women. The measures used to ac- 
complish these improvements were a 
revelation to us. 
Central control for health services 
Major planning for all health ser- 
vices in the 15 republics is a function 
of the Central Ministry of Health in 
Moscow. Here, the regulations for the 
administration of all hospitals - 
including nursing services - are 
established. These regulations cover all 
sizes of hospitals from the large, com- 
plex, oblast hospitals in the metropo- 
litan areas to the very smaU feldsher. 
and midwife units on collective farms 
in remote parts of this immense 


· A feldsher is a category between physi- 
cian and nurse: a "junior doctor." 
FEBRUARY 1967 




 


. 



 
- 
-r , 
country . 
We toured all types of hospitals and 
health services in which nursing was 
involved, in four of the Republics: 
... "'" Russian, Ukranian, Georgian, and Ab- 
khazian Autonomous Soviet Socialist 
Republic. In these republics we visited 
large cities, such as Moscow, Kiev, 
, Tbilisi, and Vinnitsa, and small com- 
munities, such as Sukhumi, and Tul- 
chinsk. We noted that the patterns 
of health service in every community 
generally followed the regulations spe- 
cified by the Central Ministry in 
Moscow. 
- 
, Labor code protects worker 
, The administration of nursing ser- 
,.,. vices in the hospitals is unlike that of 
Canada. The main differences stem 
. from the differences in ideologies and 
\ . basic principles of management. In the 
i ,. ( .. 
\ USSR, legal regulations govern the em- 
ployment of all workers, including 
those in medical and paramedical fields. 
) The labor code gives protection to the 
worker and certain statutory powers to 

 
 the trade unions. These are related to 
such matters as improvement of work- 
ing conditions and scrutiny of the 
f labor legislation. 
, The legal labor regulations of all 
citizens are founded on principles of 
- socialist management of labor as con- 
tained in the Constitution. We were 
\ told by the head of the Labor Pro- 
tection Department at the Central Com- 

 mittee for Medical Workers that the 
fundamentals of socialist labor legisla- 
,í' tion include: 
1. The universal obligation to work. 
2. A guaranteed right to work. 
3. Guaranteed remuneration of work 
depending on the quantity and qua- 
, - lity of that work. 
..... 4. A labor discipline and the ob- 
...... servance of internal labor regula- 
tions. 
5. Guaranteed safety and health con- 
ditions of labor, legislation restric- 
tions on working hours, and a 
I guaranteed right to rest. 
.. 6. Assistance in the improvement of 
qualifications and general educa- 
tional standards of workers and the 
right to assistance and maintenance 
FEBRUARY 1967 THE CANADIAN NURSE 29 



in case of disablement as determin- 
ed by the law and at the expense 
of the State. 
Everyone works for the State and is 
paid by the State. There is no private 
enterprise, nor is there private practice 
by doctors, nurses or any other 
workers. Physicians, nurses, and other 
health workers are assigned to hospitals 
on a full-time basis. Public health 
functions are carried out by personnel 
of polyclinics, dispensaries, and felds- 
her units who visit and give health care 
in the home or anywhere in the com- 
munity. 
All workers in the health field - 
doctors, nurses, and even students - 
belong to the same trade union. There 
is no voluntary professional associa- 
tion like the CNA. Membership in the 
trade union provides generous benefits 
in relation to housing, vacation and 
recreation. Individual excellence and 
achievement is rewarded through addi- 
tional money or through the provision 
of better living accommodation. 
Living accommodation for nurses is 
arranged by the State and is provided 
at a very minimum rate - usually at 
five rubles (approximately $5.00 Cana- 
dian funds) per month. It is difficult, 
however, to compare nurses' salaries in 
the USSR with salaries paid to their 
counterparts in other countries, since 
the economic systems are basically 
different. When we acknowledge that 
so many services are provided - full 
maintenance during retirement, holi- 
days at very minimum expense, in- 
expensive food and clothing - we then 
recognize that the nurse's wages, from 
60 to I 10 rubles a month, are quite 
sufficient to provide a comfortable 
living and enjoyment of the recreational 
and cultural offerings. For comparison, 
doctors are paid. about 100 to 150 
rubles per month. 
No nursing hierarchy 
The chief physician in every hospital 
is also its chief administrative officer. 
The chief nurse is directly responsible 
to this doctor and, essentially, is his 
assistant. The senior nurse of a depart- 
ment is directly responsible to the 
30 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


senior physician and works under his 
direct supervision. Together they super- 
vise the nursing services provided in 
that department or unit. 
There is no nursing service depart- 
ment and no direct line of authority 
between the chief nurse, the senior 
nurse, and the staff nurse. "We do not 
believe in a nursing hierarchy," I was 
told. Essentially, the doctor, nurse, and 
auxiliary personnel work together as a 
team, with the doctor in charge. This 
pattern also prevails in polyclinics and 
in other health units. 
Often we received the impression 
that duties were interchangable and 
that the person most available at the 
time performed the necessary task - 
such as assisting a patient back to bed 
or holding a crying infant. It was diffi- 
cult to identify the various categories 
of personnel since all wore the same 
uniform - a white smock over street 
clothes and a white "surgeon's hat." 
Also, the majority of personnel in the 
health services are women, which adds 
to the identification problem. About 70 
to 75 percent of the doctors, the ma- 
jority of the feldshers, and all of the 
nurses are women. 
Staffing of medical services 
Three categories of workers provide 
health care: the upper medical workers, 
which include physicians and stomoto- 
logists (dentists); the middle medical 
workers, which include the nurse, 
feldshers, and midwives; and the lower 
medical workers, who act as assistants 
to the middle medical worker. 
The staffing patterns of hospitals - 
oblast, rayon, uchastock, polyclinics, 
etc. - are determined by special re- 
search and laid down in regulations 
by the Central Health Ministry in 
Moscow. However, each hospital is 
permitted to have more personnel in 
various categories, provided the request 
is justifiable. We were told that addi- 
tional staff could be requested from the 
personnel office of the appropriate 
institutions at any time. The ratio of 
staff to patients varies according to the 
severity of illness and the age group. 
For example, the ratio is more favor- 


able in units for acutely ill children 
than in units for convalescents. In a 
children's hospital the ratio may be 
one nurse to 6, 8, or 12 patients, and 
in a convalescent unit, one to 25. 
Doctors, too, are on the wards full 
time. 


Everyone works 
The Trade Union carefully regulates 
the hours of work for each citizen. The 
total work week is usually 41 hours 
with additional remuneration provided 
for overtime. 
Usually a hospital department has 
two shifts of nurses who work a six 
and one-half hour day; however they 
may work up to 12 hours. In some 
institutions, a nurse may work for 24 
hours and then be off duty for the 
next two days. 
Everyone in the USSR has both the 
obligation to work as well as the right 
to work. Unlike the situation in most 
countries represented at the Seminar, 
the Soviet nurses work for their normal 
span of years regardless of family 
status. They are allowed maternity 
leave of 56 days prior to and 56 days 
following the delivery of a child, and 
their children are cared for in creches 
or by relatives. 
Each health worker is required to 
work where she is assigned for the 
first three years after graduation. After 
this she may move to a hospital of her 
choice, but her freedom of movement 
is somewhat controlled by various 
methods. Following the three years of 
work in the assigned area, usually in 
a rural part of the country, nurses 
specialize in various fields such as diet 
therapy, physiotherapy, electrocardio- 
graphy, operating room assistant, phar- 
macy assistant, etc. Indeed, it is cus- 
tomary for her to continue with spe- 
cialization, but she usually has the right 
to choose the specialty she will pursue. 
Thus, there is not a proliferation of 
professioñs or occupations in hospitals, 
but rather one profession with various 
degrees of specialization. 
"Bolshoi spasibo" 
Throughout our whole tour, both in 
FEBRUARY 1967 



the hospitals and ministries, the warm, 
friendly hospitality overwhelmed us. 
We quickly learned to say "spasibo" 
for thank you; however, because of the 
abundant hospitality, we asked our in- 
terpreters for a word that expressed 
more than that, and soon progressed 
to "bolshoi spasibo." At every institu- 
tion we were greeted in a room that 
had tables filled with cut-glass com- 
potes of grapes and apples. Candies, 
booklets, and small broaches that de- 
picted their famous men were distribut- 
ed freely. Before we left, the nurses 
always came to our transport with a 
bouquet of flowers for each of us. 
The hospital visits usually began 
with greetings from the chief doctOl: 
and chief nurse. With the portable si- 
multaneous translation equipment and 
six interpreters, the language barrier 
almost disappeared. Following intro- 
ductions, we toured the departments 
and were able to ask questions and re- 
ceive answers "on the spot." 
The size of departments and number 
of rooms depended on the nature of the 
hospital. In general, the patient settings 
were not unlike those in many Cana- 
dian hospitals except, in the hospitals 
we toured, the patients' beds were 
closer together. Usually five beds rather 
than three or four occupied a ward. 
The wards were very white: white 
beds, white linen, white walls. The doc- 
tors and nurses all wore white hats and 
gowns over their street clothes. Some- 
times we, too, donned the white gown 
and hat. The patients appeared to be 
well cared for and we sensed a warm 
relationship between them and the staff. 
In particular, we noted the very sensi- 
tive care provided for sick children. In 
the children's hospital more color was 
used and there was a less regimented 
appearance. 
The operating rooms, polyclinics, 
and other health services had a physi- 
cal appearance not unlike those in Ca- 
nada, even though the categories of 
workers and their relationships were 
different. 
The nurses in each department of 
the hospitals worked under the direc- 
tion of the physician and as his assis- 
FEBRUARY 1967 


tant. The doctor generally carried out 
all medical procedures, including blood 
transfusions, intravenous and intramus- 
cular injections. 
A typical school of nursing 
What are the schools of nursing like 
in Russia? My visit to one of the 
middle medical schools gave me some 
insight. After a very warm greeting and 
a lecture by the director, a woman 
physician, we toured the school. 
The classrooms were bright and 
cheerful and the nursing students look- 
ed young and lively. As we went from 
room to room we saw them practicing 
procedures - procedures - proce- 
dures. In the first classroom they were 
practicing bandaging, and they all look- 
ed so attractive even with the bandaged 
eyes, limbs and bodies. They had on 
clean white smócks over street clothes 
and white caps. I went over to speak 
to a small group without an interpreter. 
"Pajolsta," I said and they knew it 
meant "please." It was one of the few 
Russian words I knew and I was mere- 
ly trying to comment. However, they 
unwrapped the bandages and put them 
on all over again. They were tickled 
when I tried to speak in Russian from 
my Guide Book. The interpreter came 
to my rescue, but I refused. "Bolshoi 
spasibo." Nurses do not need interpre- 
ters in these situations. 
But there were more than nurses 
being prepared in this middle medical 
school. Feldshers, midwives, children's 
nurses, laboratory technicians, and 
other health personnel also attend this 
school to receive their training. 
The education of these workers, as 
for all workers, is free. The Ministry of 
Public Health in the USSR has a De- 
partment of Medical Education that 
deals with all matters pertaining to 
every level of health worker education. 
The Minister is responsible for plan- 
ning and approving the curriculum, 
which is uniform for all 630 schools in 
the 15 constituent republics. Each of 
the republics has its own Minister of 
Health who is responsible for supervi- 
sion and guidance at the local level. 


However, the Central Ministry in Mos- 
cow retains the function of inspection 
of the educational program as well as 
revision of the curriculum. 
There are more than 330,000 
students in the 630 middle medical 
schools, with the largest percentage 
being prepared as nurses. The length of 
the educational program for nurses de- 
pends on the student's educational 
background. For example, if the stu- 
dent has 8 years of schooling (incom- 
plete secondary education), the length 
of the course is 2 years and 10 months; 
if she has 10 years of schooling (com- 
plete secondary education), the course 
is I year and 10 months. 
Courses taught by physicians 
Physicians administer the middle 
medical schools and teach all the nurs- 
ing subjects. Although no nurses are on 
the staff of the middle medical schools, 
they sometimes supervise students in 
the clinical field. General education 
subjects, offered to those with incom- 
plete secondary education, are taught 
by general education personnel. 
One middle medical school that we 
visited prepares 1,200 students, of 
whom 780 are nurses. This ratio is 
fairly common for all middle medical 
schools throughout the Soviet Union. 
The teachers are physicians, but do 
not have special advanced preparation 
in pedagogy. Instead, committees on 
methods of teaching are formed to im- 
prove the method and quality of the 
educational program in the schools. 
The teachers at the middle medical 
schools are usually on the medical staff 
of a nearby hospital where students 
obtain their clinical experience. They 
keep current on new medical advances 
by attending the Institute for Advanced 
Medical Studies where special courses 
are available. 


Recruitment not a problem 
At the present time, recruitment of 
students into nursing is not a problem. 
We were told that to expand the USSR 
health programs to the desired level, 
a larger number of nurses and other 
medical personnel is required. Last 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 31 




 
\ .- - 
... 
" .. 
 
,. \. 
'. . 
" , 
, 
. ." ..... 

 
. 
, , \' 
t. .. 
--- \ 
....,.... 
.... 0 
,
l ... 
.... 
... 
,. 

 , ". 
9- 

 - 
\ 


" 
" 


'" 

 


" 
.. 


Ñ 


-II 


32 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


FEBRUARY 1967 



year, 107,000 students were admitted 
and 120,000 admissions are planned 
for this year. The teachers from middle 
medical schools visit secondary schools 
to talk about nursing as a career, and 
prospective students are invited to 
"open door days" at middle medical 
schools. When students visit the middle 
medical schools, the teachers explain 
the program and the opportunities 
available. Married students with or 
without children are permitted to enter 
the school and those who become preg- 
nant are given academic leave. There 
are no student organizations, but stu- 
dents have the option of becoming 
members of a trade union. This mem- 
bership offers many advantages and 
almost 95 percent of the students join 
during their first year. 
Curriculum set by educators 
Unlike Canada, where the control 
of educational programs is centered in 
service agencies, the program of in- 
struction in the USSR is prepared by 
an educational board of the Ministry of 
Public Health. Members of this board 
are experienced and highly skilled spe- 
cialists. They meet periodically to re- 
vise the common curriculum and the 
academic program for the middle med- 
ical schools throughout the consti- 
tuent republics. This board also out- 
lines the ways in which the curriculum 
should be implemented, prescribes the 
textbooks to be used, and selects the 
authors to write the textbooks. 
The following pattern is used for 
all schools of nursing throughout the 
country. Each year is divided into two 
semesters. The first semester begins 
September 1 and lasts until January 
11; the second begins January 26 and 
lasts until July 5. All students have 
winter vacation from January 12 to 25, 
and summer vacation from July 6 to 
August 31. The students have a 35- 
hour week and a 6-hour day. This time 
may be spent on theory, practice or 
visits, depending on the level of the 
student in the educational program. 
The curriculum is divided into three 
cycles: cycle one is devoted entirely 
to general education; cycle two, to 
FEBRUARY 1967 


general medical subjects, as well as to 
anatomy, physiology, pharmacology 
and biology; and cycle three, to the 
special or clinical subjects, which in- 
clude general care of patients, surgical 
diseases, obstetrics and gynecology, 
children's diseases, eye diseases, etc. 
The total planned hours of the curricu- 
lum are 3,774, of which 2,516 are 
devoted to class work and 1,228 to 
practical experience. 
The objective of the course for the 
preparation of nurses is "to train future 
nurses in the tending of patients and 
in medical skills." A review of the 
curriculum and observations made dur- 
ing visits at middle medical schools 
revealed that the educational program 
is disease and procedure-centered, with 
emphasis placed on medical equipment. 
Diseases and health teaching are em- 
phasized. Only a very small portion of 
the outline stresses the practice of 
nursinE! as an art and a skill. 
At the completion of the basic edu- 
cational program, students write State 
examinations. Successful candidates re- 
ceive a diploma of certification and 
are then assigned to a place of em- 
ployment for three years. The top 5 
percent in any graduating class are en- 
couraged to proceed to the higher med- 
ical institutes to become doctors - 
and the majority do. The remainder 
of the students who complete the three- 
year assignment may, until they are 30 
years of age, apply to the higher medi- 
cal institutes to become doctors. 
Often we were told during the Tra- 
velling Seminar that the goal of most 
middle medical workers, including 
nurses, is to become a physician, be- 
cause "nurses conduct medical treat- 
ments and apply medical equipment 
only in accordance with prescriptions 
and instructions of the physician in 
charge of the patient." 
Unlike the Canadian system, all stu- 
dents attending middle medical schools 
live at home or in special apartments. 
The only exception to this is when the 
middle medical schools are located in 
the far north or where the homes of 
the students are a long distance from 
the school. 


A window in the iron curtain 
Although the program was very full 
with little time for relaxation, we man- 
aged to squeeze in a swim in the Black 
Sea. The same night we packed for the 
twelfth time and returned to Moscow 
to complete our assignment. On the 
next night, our last in Moscow, the 
Ministry planned a dinner party for us. 
After the party, a companion and I 
walked up Gorky Street to the Red 
Square. I shall never forget the beauty 
of the moment when we looked through 
the falling snow across the Square. 
There were the beautiful cathedrals 
with their gold bubble domes accen- 
tuated by the soft flood lights. I looked 
over to Gums Department Store where 
we had struggled in queues to make 
small purchases, then back to Lenin's 
tomb with the young soldiers standing 
stiffly on guard. Then, into my view 
came the gilded crescent and the five 
pointed red stars of the Kremlin, muted 
now by the falling snow. I could feel 
the past and the future there, but main- 
ly the throbbing of the present. 
We turned and trudged back to our 
hotel. We hardly spoke. I was thinking 
of all we had done and seen in the 
past month, the nurses and doctors we 
had met, and how committed they were 
and how far they had come in so rela- 
tively short a time. I realized that they 
were very much like all of us going 
out to work each day, coming home 
each night, and living their lives much 
as we do. 
Those of us in the first Travelling 
Seminar on Nursing in the USSR re- 
turned to our native lands with many 
different impressions. We all agreed, 
however, that it had been a rewarding 
and exciting professional and personal 
experience. For us there are now win- 
dows in the Iron Curtain. 0 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 33 



Estrogen replacement therapy 
at menopause 


John Fitzgerald Kennedy, in his in- 
augural address, challenged the 1960's. 
He called on a new generation to find 
better solutions for old problems in a 
rapidly changing world. In medicine, 
a steroid revolution became one of 
the fascinating developments of this 
decade as two new freedoms, closely 
allied, reached fulfillment for many 
women: freedom from undesired preg- 
nancy and freedom from premature 
old age. 
The impact of oral contraception 
on our generation needs little com- 
ment. Ten million women throughout 
the world now use these estrogen-pro- 
gestogen combinations for ovulation 
control and/or therapeutic purposes. 
Their safety and effectiveness have 
been repeatedly demonstrated by in- 
numerable government agencies and 
concerned medical investigators. Minor 
problems, experienced by a small per- 
centage of patients, capture dramatic 
newspaper and magazine discussion; 
for the "pill" causes symptoms similar 
to those of pregnancy, and with about 
the same frequency. Variations in the 
chemical structure and dosage of the 
constituent steroids will evolve; but 
oral contraceptives arc here to stay, 
and doctors and patients, politicians 
and sociologists must now adjust to 
their astonishing role in modern so- 
ciety. 
Most oral contraceptives inhibit 
normal pituitarv ovarian function, so 
that these medications substitute for 
circulating steroids usually obtained 
34 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


The average woman outlives her ovaries by 25 years. Estrogen from the corner 
drug store will correct this deficiency more naturally than 
tranquilizers and psychotherapy. 


Donald C. McEwen, M.D., F.R.C.S. ( C), F.R.C.O.G., F.A.C.O.G. 


, " 


Dr. McEwen. a graduate of the University 
of Manitoba, is an Obstetrician and Gyne- 
cologist in Calgary. Alberta. He is on the 
staff of the Calgary General, Grace. Rocky- 
view, and the Holy Cross Hospitals. 


from normal ovarian function. It is 
not widely appreciated that in pre- 
scribing these agents, a doctor creates 
ovarian deficiency and, paradoxically, 
treats it at the same time; for with 
treatment, ovarian function becomes 
one of suspended animation. 
Some doctors, willing to prescribe 
these powerful drugs to young women 
with normal ovaries, remain reluctant 
to offer similar hormones to women 
suffering from true ovarian deficiency, 
a result of normal aging, congenital 
insufficiency, disease, surgery, or ra- 
diotherapy. Little attention was paid 
to the menopause in medical school. 
Most doctors were taught that the 
menopause was a natural phenomenon, 
hormone treatment potentially danger- 
ous and one to be condemned from 
a long-term point of view. 
The concept of ovarian deficiency 
as a medical entity is, however, gain- 
ing recognition. If it is a valid clinical 
condition, one in every three women 
alive is a victim to a greater or lesser 
degree. Ovarian senescence may be 
rapid or gradual; but the result is the 
same. Estrogen blood levels decline, 
ovulation does not occur, and pro- 
gesterone is not elaborated. The meno- 
pause, or failure of menstruation, oc- 
curs when these hormones are insuf- 
ficient to ripen endometrial tissue. The 
climacteric encompasses a wider span 
from the time ovarian function falters 
until that occasion when total failure 
occurs, usually about age 60. Ovarian 
dysfunction is a frequent occurrence 
FEBRUARY 1967 



after the age of 35, so many women 
will suffer ovarian deficiency or im- 
balance for half their lifetime. 


Symptoms of menopause 
Symptoms suggesting an impending 
menopause are well known. The hot 
flush, usually the first symptom, is a 
sudden sensation of heat in the upper 
part of the body often associated with 
a patchy redness of the skin. Perspira- 
tion and a feeling of chilliness may 
follow. Hot flushes seem to be more 
common with increased heat produc- 
tion (stress, exercise, a hot room) or 
when heat loss is impaired (sultry 
weather, heavy bedclothes). Sleep is 
frequently disturbed and insomnia be- 
comes a common complaint. 
Pituitary overact ion may cause the 
hot flush as gonadotropin levels rise 
to stimulate estrogen production from 
aging, unresponsive ovaries. It may be 
due to fluctuating levels of estrogen. 
Excessive production of other pituitary 
tropic hormones results in an increas- 
ed stimulation of adrenal, thyroid and 
pancreatic glands, resulting in further 
systemic disturbance. 
- Fatigue, depression, and emotional 
instability may be unusually trouble- 
some at this time. Such symptoms may 
be sensitive barometers of estrogen 
deficiency, or may be a reflection of 
pituitary hypothalamic turmoil, or be 
simply manifestations of environmen- 
tal emotional influence (husband, fami- 
ly or social upheaval). 
The signs and long-term effects of 
estrogen deficiency are much more sig- 
nificant. The major physical hazards 
are degeneration and atrophy of uro- 
genital tract and breasts, blood vessels 
and bones; but the whole body is af- 
fected by a lack of estrogen. Aging 
may be accelerated and joie de vivre 
disturbed, modified from patient to 
patient by variations in the degree of 
ovarian failure, individual sensitivity 
to estrogen deprivation, the patient's 
emotional strength, called motivation, 
her ability to handle stress, and the 
infinite vicissitudes of life. 


Atherosclerosis 
Until the menopause, women are 
FEBRUARY 1967 


relatively immune to coronary artery 
disease, but thereafter become more 
susceptible. Many observations have 
been made on the effects of castration 
on atherosclerosis. Castrated young 
women have rates of arterial disease 
similar to men of the same age. Re- 
moval of ovaries at hysterectomy 
brings about a fourfold increase in the 
degree of coronary artery degeneration 
when compared to women whose ova- 
ries are left. Replacement therapy with 
estrogen lessens this risk in women. 
In controlled studies of men who had 
coronary infarction or strokes, the use 
of natural estrogens produced signifi- 
cantly longer survival and reduced the 
occurrence of secondary occlusive epi- 
sodes. Long-term studies exploring 
these possibilities continue to excite 
medical investigators. 
At present, the lesson is quite clear. 
Normal ovaries should be retained at 
the time of hysterectomy and replace- 
ment ovarian therapy is strongly indi- 
cated for those patients who show 
evidence of hypertension or cardio- 
vascular degeneration. 


Osteoporosis 
Postmenopausal osteoporosis of va- 
rying degrees occurs in practically all 
women. The degree of mineral loss 
is directly related to the severity of 
ovarian failure and the elapsed time 
of estrogen depletion from all body 
sources. This is an insidious, overlook- 
ed, and sometimes crippling disease. It 
may manifest itself clinically by low 
back pain from even minor trauma, 
shortening of stature, or dorsal kypho- 
sis (dowager's hump). Loss of density 
of bones by roentgenograms is a late 
sign. Elderly women fill our orthopedic 
wards with fractured hips, and many 
more who pass through the later stages 
of life suffer much distress from back 
and pelvic degeneration. Men do not 
suffer this affliction with any signifi- 
cant frequency. 
The cause of osteoporosis remains 
debatable; but the consensus of opinion 
suggests it is due to increased bone 
resorption resulting from long con- 
tinued negative calcium balance. 
Estrogens taken orally constitute 


the most effective and universally ac- 
cepted treatment of osteoporosis, asso- 
ciated with physiotherapy to restore 
maximum physical activity, and dietary 
regimens to supply sufficient minerals, 
and to keep patients in positive nitro- 
gen balance. 
Genital atrophy 
It is estrogen that brings about t.he 
metamorphosis of a girl to a woman, 
stimulating breasts and genital tract 
and the whole body to maturity. It is 
the withdrawal of estrogen at the time 
of ovarian failure that reverses this 
process. Resorption of fat and loss of 
elastic tissue make breasts and external 
genitalia smaller and less full. The 
vulva becomes thin, irritable, and often 
itchy. The vagina and uterus become 
small and atrophic, supporting struct- 
ures weaken, and genital prolapse is 
a frequent consequence. Urinary tract 
tissues share this estrogen dependency. 
and urinary dysfunction manifests by 
urgency, frequency, and urinary infec- 
tions. Stress incontinence also may be 
part of a common and stubborn defi- 
ciency syndrome. 
There is, therefore, considerable 
evidence that estrogen is protective to 
the mature woman, her cardiovascular 
system, bones, genital tract. joints, 
skin, and possibly every tissue in her 
body. Estrogen offers protection against 
psychological involution, apathy and 
negativism. The logical conclusion 
must be that adequate estrogen levels 
should, if possible, be maintained in 
women; that estrogen throughout a 
whole lifetime offers hope for positive 
health. 


Clinical study of ovarian deficiency 
For the past three years this con- 
cept has been explored in some depth. 
By September 1966, 777 women with 
symptoms and signs of ovarian defi- 
ciency of varying degrees were consi- 
dered for supplemental or replacement 
estrogen therapy. Thousands of pa- 
tients appeared in other doctors' of- 
fices as the potentialities of this therapy 
became known throughout the female 
population .These negìected women in- 
dicated in the only way possible their 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 35 



personal concern and disenchantment 
for traditional treatment of the meno- 
pause. 
A variety of treatment schedules 
to manage different clinical situations 
and to individualize patient needs is 
essential. These can be broken down 
into two simple types: treatment for 
the patient whose uterus has been re- 
moved, and treatment for the patient 
whose uterus is intact. 


1. The patient whose uterus has 
been removed: These patients simply 
require sufficient daily estrogen to 
achieve maximum well-being and re- 
store vaginal maturation indices to 
normal. A progestogen alone or com- 
bined with added estrogen may be 
added for five days a month for ba- 
lance; but this is not essential, for en- 
dometrial shedding is not required. The 
metabolic action and biological need 
of progesterone-like steroids remain 
obscure and ill-defined at the present 
time. 
Natural estrogens (conjugated estro- 
gens, equine), marketed as Premarin, 
are preferred as the selected estrogen, 
being well-tolerated, effective, and 
uniquely beneficial in the treatment 
and prevention of atherosclerosis. 
2. The patient whose uterus is in- 
tact: Most patients who have not had 
hysterectomy fall into four groups: 
age 35-50 (perimenopausal); age 50-60 
(menopausal); age 60-70; and age 70 
upward. 
Age 35-50 (perimenopausal): 
If ovulation control is desired, one 
of the combined or sequential estrogen- 
progestogen packets will fulfill treat- 
ment purposes. Individualization is 
essential. The combined tabulation is 
indicated where menorrhagia has been 
a problem to reduce both the duration 
and quantity of bleeding. The sequen- 
tial package is preferred where there 
has been gross disturbance of the 
menstrual cycle, particularly if bleed- 
ing has been scant or painful. 
If ovulation control is not impor- 
tant, natural estrogens (conjugated es- 
trogens, equine) are useful and well- 
36 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


tolerated, and are prescribed from 
Day 1 to Day 21 of each cycle. One 
of the combined tabulations completes 
therapy from Day 22 to Day 26 to in- 
duce medical curettage on Day 28. 
This cycle can be easily modified for 
convenience by shortening or prolong- 
ing the estrogen phase. 


Age 50-60 (menopausal): 
The patient with gross ovarian de- 
ficiency, as indicated by failure of 
menstruation, hot flushes or other 
symptoms and signs of the menopause, 
requires sufficient daily estrogen to 
satisfy her needs as determined by 
relief of symptoms and, helpfully, but 
less important, by the vaginal cyto- 
gram. Once this has been accomplish- 
ed with the use of conjugated estro- 
gens, (equine 0.625 mg. to 2.50 mg. 
daily), medical curettage is induced 
monthly with one of the combined es- 
trogens and progestogens. in doses of 
0.5 mg. to 2 mg. of the progestogen 
for 5 to 10 days, in addition to the 
basic daily therapy with natural estro- 
gens. The dosage and duration of this 
medical curettage regimen is indivi- 
dualized after a few months according 
to the patient's behavior, the length 
and amount of menstrual flow, well- 
being, etc. 
Patients are allowed to decide the 
day of their menstrual flow by simple 
instructions; menses will occur two to 
three days following cessation of the 
medical curettage tablets. The menstru- 
al flow should be scant, short, and 
without significant distress. There 
however if intermenstrual bleeding 
after the first two months of therapy; 
however if inter-menstrual bleeding 
occurs, diagnostic curettage is indi- 
cated particularly if the bleeding does 
not respond to increased estrogen dos- 
age. 


· Mestranol O. J mg. and ethynodiol diace- 
tate, .S mg., J mg. (Ovulen), and 2 mg. (Me- 
tnden) were used in 55 percent of patients 
in this series, and 
re supplied by G.D. 
Searle and Company of Canada. 


Age 60-70: 
After the age of 60, the production of 
endogenous male hormone subsides to 
low levels. If continued menstruation 
is objectionable, the regimen may now 
be changed to one of a combined es- 
trogen and androgen tablet for cycles 
of 25 days a month. The patient's well- 
being, a positive nitrogen balance, and 
adequate vaginal cornification indices 
are maintained. Menstrual function 
comes to an end, although in some 
patients slight withdrawal bleeding may 
occur when therapy is interrupted. 
Age 70 upward: 
Small amounts of estrogen, andro- 
gen and geriatric vitamins given in 
combined tabulation for 25 days a 
month have been found most useful 
to maintain vigorous old age, with 
local estrogens given vaginally for uro- 
genital integrity. 
Such regimens allow easy individual- 
ization of each patient. The objective 
of this program is to extend middle 
age for women by 10 years, and, there- 
after, to supply supportive anabolic 
steroids into old age. Sufficient ex- 
perience has now been obtained to in- 
dicate that this can be accomplished 
with few treatment problems. Such 
therapy appears safe, inexpensive and 
rewarding in its physical and emotional 
benefits. The basic concept of treat- 
ment is similar to the use of thyroid in 
myxedema, or insulin in diabetes mel- 
litus. 


Discussion 
If there is a need for lifelong estro- 
gen, and if treatment is easy, what then 
are the usual arguments against such 
therapy? 
Estrogen-Cancer Relationship 
No convincing proof that estrogen 
has caused cancer in a human being 
has ever been established, in spite of 
a widespread feeling among some doc- 
tors and some laity that the opposite is 
true. Cancer of the breast is more 
treacherous in pregnancy when estro- 
gen excretion levels are extremely high; 
but this association is rare, having an 
incidence of about three breast cancers 
FEBRUARY 1967 



in 10,000 pregnancies. In endometrial 
cancer, there may be evidence of a 
long-standing estrogen influence, and 
this lesion occurs with increased fre- 
quency in association with estrogen- 
producing tumors of the ovary, and in 
ovarian polycystic disease (Stein-Levin- 
thai syndrome). This association does 
not indicate any definite carcinogenic 
relationship, but likely reflects an ab- 
sence of progestational medical cu- 
rettage, for cyclic menstruation is ca- 
ture's method of endometrial deter- 
gence. 
The rarity of cancer in women with 
normal ovarian function, the insigni- 
ficant number of reported cases of 
breast or genital cancer in women 
taking birth control pills or other es- 
trogen therapy, the absence of experi- 
mental evidence that estrogen incites 
cancer, suggest there is little signifi- 
cant estrogen-cancer relationship. 
Continuing Menstruation 
Menstrual function is not a pleasant 
phenomenon. A waste of time, messy, 
expensive, often uncomfortable, it is 
understandable that, for most women, 
the menopause offers welcome relief 
after about 400 monthly cycles, less 
the normal interruptions of pregnancy 
and lactation. 
But menstruation is an excellent 
monitor of ovarian and uterine func- 
tion. Normal cyclic menstruation is a 
reassuring indication that physiological 
replacement ovarian therapy has been 
achieved. Women with ovarian de- 
ficiency obtain maximum benefit if 
normal estrogen-progestogen levels of 
these hormones are created. A 
natural consequence will be menstrua- 
tion. This is accepted by most patients 
in the 50 to 60 age group when its 
significance is discussed. These women 
consider menstruation a small price 
to pay for relief from menopausal 
symptoms, with the additional pos- 
sibility of delayed aging of many vital 
organs and functions. 
Expense 
Replacement ovarian therapy costs 
between $15.00 and $50.00 per year, 
depending on the steroids selected and 
FEBRUARY 1967 


the desired replacement. Cigarets cost 
$150.00 a year; weekly hairdressing 
averages $200.00. This therapy must 
be considered inexpensive in any com- 
parative study with clothes, cosmetics, 
alcohol or travel. 
Tampering with Nature 
This argument is the most superficial 
of all. Doctors, nurses, and the healing 
professions generally, wage a constant 
battle against nature's hazards. Anes- 
thesia, modern surgery, antibiotics, 
blood transfusions, immunization, and 
pasteurization are examples of tamper- 
ing with nature. And who would argue 
against their use? The person who be- 
lieves that the menopause is a natural 
process defies nature every day by 
wearing clothes, eating foods or driving 
cars. Modern man flies against gravity 
and sends rockets to the moon. 
Nature has fallen behind medical 
progress, for the average woman will 
outlive her ovaries by 25 years. 
Estrogen from the corner drugstore 
will correct this deficiency more natur- 
ally than tranquilizers and psycho- 
therapy. 
What About Men? 
The argument that there are already 
too many elderly women and widows 
in the world, and the question "What is 
to be done for men?" is much more 
pertinent. Doctors interested in this 
concept for women are concerned with 
adding abundance rather than years to 
life. In men, male hormones, hyper- 
tension, and atherosclerosis are bad 
associates, particularly when linked 
with the stress of the market place, 
unfulfilled ambition, cigaret smoking, 
obesity, and lack of physical fitness. 
These influences become complicated 
when assessed individually. Generally, 
to the extent that a menopausal wife 
can, with hormones, enjoy a fulfilled 
middle age, men can approach the 50's 
certain that their wives will remain 
feminine - emotionally, physically, 
and sexually - down the road of life. 
It is hoped that this may be a strong 
influence on longevity as the other 
problems of male aging are studied and 
conquered. 


Summary 
The case for lifelong estrogen for 
women has been discussed. Experience 
in studving 777 women who have been 
assessed for this treatment suggests 
overwhelming acceptance of the basic 
concept. There is need for wide appli- 
cation of its potential benefits to the 
millions of women suffering actively 
or passively from ovarian deficiency, 
particularly after the menopause. 0 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 37 



A wealth of articles recommendmg 
the use of estrogen both before and 
after the menopause have appeared in 
the literature of the medical and para- 
medical professions for several ye.ars 
now. Some authors have even sug- 
gested cyclic administration of an es- 
trogen-progesterone combination de- 
signed to restore a menstrual pattern 
in the menopausal woman. Whether 
or not the woman herself is desirous 
of such a result would appear to be 
a legitimate question. As one outcome 
of this literary deluge, many persons 
have wondered about and questioned 
the value of estrogens as a sort of 
legendary Fountain of Youth able to 
rejuvenate anyone who bathes in its 
waters. 
Two distinct philosophies can be 
gleaned from the mass of literary opin- 
ion on the subject of the menopause 
in general. On the one side we have 
those who consider the menopause as 
an illness and consequently believe that 
the climacteric woman should receive 
compensatory hormonal therapy in- 
definitely, however minor her symp- 
toms. On the other side are those who 
view the menopause as a period of 
physiological adjustment or adaptation 
to a new phase of life and who reserve 
hormonal therapy for the woman who 
exhibits estrogen deficiency. This phil- 
osophV represents the thinking of the 
majority of medical writers. 
In this article the indications for 
and methods of estrogen administra- 
38 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Estrogen and the 
menopause 


Estrog('ns are by no means a panacea for all the problems of aging in women. 
They must be used knowledgeably and not simply as a tonic. 


Jean Blanchet, B.A., M.D., F.R.C.S. (C) 


, 


") 


Dr. Blanchet is on the obstetrical and gyne- 
cological service of The Montreal General 
Hospital. 


tion will be discussed and, by out- 
lining the various precautions and 
contraindications involved, it will be 
shown why hormonal therapy should 
not be used routinely or indefinitely 
in all women of menopausal age. 
Artificial menopaus(' 
A distinction must first be drawn 
between natural and induced meno- 
pause. Young women who have un- 
dergone bilateral oophorectomies or 
radiation castration necessarily re- 
quire special consideration. Compen- 
satory estrogen therapy is definitely in- 
dicated to offset the sudden and almost 
total suppression of estrogen forma- 


tion by the body, and subsequent 
premature aging. 


Natural menopause 
The menopausal phenomenon oc- 
curring as an outcome of natural ova- 
rian failure shows considerable varia- 
tion from one woman to another. Vagi- 
nal smears taken several years after on- 
set show only minor estrogen deficiency 
in most women examined. Medical 
writers are in general agreement that 
only 15 to 25 percent of menopausal 
patients have symptoms that warrant 
hormonal therapy. In actual fact, only 
the hot flushes experienced by the 
climacteric woman are directly due to 
hormonal deficiency. Other symptoms 
such as depression, anxiety, and in- 
somnia are temporary manifestations 
of psychological problems. The me- 
nopause is essentially a physiological 
process which is only occasionally as- 
sociated with a hormonal deficiency. 
Compensatory therapy is indicated 
only for those women who show mark- 
ed symptoms of this deficiency. 


Diagnosis 
The estrogen-deficient menopausal 
patient is easily recognized by a his- 
tory of hot flushes, night sweats, leu- 
corrhea, bloody vaginal discharge, as 
the result of a vaginitis or atrophic 
cervicitis. Cytology results confirm the 
suspicion with the finding of a low 
percentage of cornified cells. The 
atrophic vaginal mucosa shows an 
FEBRUARY 1967 



abundance of immature and parabasal 
cells. Cytology has become part of 
routine examination. It is easily per- 
formed and can be carried out as 
readily in the doctor's office as in 
the laboratory. 


Clinical signs 
Laboratory and clinical findings de- 
monstrate the result of hypoestrinism. 
There is atrophy of the secondary 
sexual characteristics and of the sexual 
organs, with senile vaginitis. Excessive 
activity of the anterior hypophysis is 
manifested by hot flushes and night 
sweats. Metabolic changes occur with 
associated hypercholesterolemia, athe- 
rosclerosis and hypertension. Osteo- 
porosis may develop as well. 


Hormonal therapy 
Women who experience acute, in- 
tractable vasomotor disorders that do 
not respond to symptomatic therapy 
are candidates for estrogen therapy 
until their symptoms disappear. Osteo- 
porosis and atherosclerosis are the two 
conditions to be feared in those pa- 
tients suffering from acute estrogen 
deficiency either at the time of the 
menopause or later. Osteoporosis of 
the spinal column may appear as late 
as five years after the onset of the 
menopause. Backache is the usual 
complaint characterizing this condition 
although spontaneous fractures may 
occur as the process continues. Radio- 
logical examination is necessary to 
confirm the presence of osteoporosis. 
Hormonal therapy can slow down and 
even prevent further degenerative 
changes while the patient's energy, 
strength and general sense of well- 
being are augmented. 
Atherosclerosis, with its attendant 
threat of myocardial infarction and 
hypertension, most commonly affects 
males rather than young women. How- 
ever, the incidence tends to become 
the same for both sexes after the age 
of 60 if the woman shows signs and 
symptoms of hypoestrinism. About 20 
to 25 percent of patients require com- 
pensatory hormonal therapy. Cyclical 
administration of estrogens has a 
preventive function in this instance. 
Estrogens should be administered 
cyclically, simulating the physiological 
release of hormone by the body - for 
example, three weeks' administration 
followed by one week's rest. This 
pattern avoids continual stimulation of 
the endometrium with its attendant 
dangers: hyperplasia and neoplasia. 
The smallest effective dose is the 
maximum dose that should be used. 
Duration of treatment is governed 
by clinical response and evidence of 
maturation of the vaginal tract. Theo- 
retically a patient can be treated in- 
FEBRUARY 1967 


definitely but as a general rule this is 
unnecessary. 
Complications 
Estrogen administration, especially 
in. synthetic form, is accompanied by 
nausea and vomiting in a certain 
number of patients. A weaker dose 
or the use of natural estrogens fre- 
quently overcomes the difficulty. The 
main problem for the woman with 
an intact uterus is vaginal bleeding. 
Investigation to rule out the possibility 
of organic etiology is indicated, other- 
wise a decrease in the dosage of es- 
trogen or the addition of androgens 
frequently eliminates this complication. 
Such bleeding is always a source of 
anxiety and should never be treated 
lightly. 


Contraindications 
A careful assessment of the patient's 
physical state should precede the de- 
cision to prescribe estrogen therapy. 
A past history of breast cancer or 
cancer of the genital tract precludes 
estrogen administration. The presence 
of carcinogens in this hormone has 
not been proven but laboratory find- 
ings and the clinical effects observed 
in relation to breast cancer indicate 
the need for extreme caution. Patients 
with a history of cardiac failure must 
also be excluded from such treatment. 
Any patient who complains of menor- 
rhagia or metrorrhagia at the time of 
or after the menopause should have 
complete medical investigation in- 
cluding gynecological examination, va- 
ginal cytology, and, in many instances, 
uterine curettage to rule out the pres- 
ence of other disease entities. 
Estrogens are contraindicated in 
the presence of jaundice or hepatic 
dysfunction. Liver function tests are 
recommended even in the absence of 
overt symptoms. Most doctors hesitate 
to prescribe estrogens if the patient 
has had thrombo-embolism or is suf- 
fering form thrombophlebitis or vari- 
cose veins. They exercise great caution 
if there is evidence of cardiac or renal 
disease, hypertension, epilepsy, or 
asthma. The possible effects of hor- 
monal administration on calcium and 
phosphorus metabolism must not be 
overlooked in those patients demons- 
trating irregularities in metabolism of 
these substances. 
The development of severe head- 
ache, impaired vision, migraine, di- 
plopia, or any other neuro-ophthalmo- 
logical condition requires immediate 
withdrawal of estrogen therapy. The 
same procedure applies if changes in 
the visual field, retinal hemorrhage or 
papillary edema are detected. 
In the case of the diabetic patient, 
estrogen therapy may alter insulin 



 


requirements. The woman who has had 
an earlier psychiatric problem, par- 
ticularly a depressive state, must be 
carefully supervised throughout her 
course of therapy. Any indication of 
recurrence of the psychiatric condition 
requires immediate cessation of hor- 
monal therapy. 
Non-hormonal therapy 
About 75 to 80 percent of meno- 
pausal women retain an adequate pro- 
duction of estrogens as has been 
proven by vaginal cytology; either the 
ovaries are not totally atrophied or 
estrogen production is taken over 
by the adrenal glands. Explanation 
and reassurance are two of the great- 
est aids to these patients with occa- 
<;ional recourse to light sedation or 
mild doses of tranquilizers. 


Conclusion 
The successful management of the 
menopausal syndrome calls for good 
sense, sympathy, and patience. Com- 
plete opposition to the use of hor- 
monal therapy is as much to be de- 
plored as empirical administration to 
every menopausal patient. The latter 
philosophy seems particularly unjus- 
tified when it is remembered that less 
than one-quarter of menopausal 
women exhibit signs and svmptoms of 
hvpoestrinism. The administration of 
hormones must be undertaken thought- 
fully, 
nd carefully supervised as the 
foregoin!:( consideration of contraindi- 
catiõns to hormonal therapy and the 
precautions to be taken has indicated. 
o 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 39 



Drug distribution may be described 
as the procedure by which a drug gets 
from outside of the hospital to the 
inside of the patient, with the primary 
object of getting the right drug into 
the right patient at the right time. 
The total process involves the phy- 
sician, the nurse, the pharmacist, and 
the patient. The physidan plans the 
course of drug therapy and evaluates 
its results, the pharmacist dispenses 
the required drugs, the nurse adminis- 
ters them, and the patient, in most 
cases, accepts them with trusting re- 
signation. But this statement is an 
oversimplification for in the modem 
hospital a horde of people are involved 
in the execution of any single task. 
It has been estimated that more than 
20 different people are involved at 
one time or another in the procedures 
for getting a single dose of a drug 
into a patient. 1 
The responsibilities of nursing and 
pharmacy in the drug distribution pro- 
cess have been delineated as adminis- 
tration and dispensing respectively. 
However, these activities do not take 
place in a vacuum; they are interde- 
pendent and frequently overlap. Nor 
do they always take place in complete 
harmony. One administrator has been 
driven to write that "many adminis- 
trators agreed that if they could get 
pharmacy and nursing to cooperate 
fully, many other problems would dis- 
solve.":! Life should be so simple! 
The aim of this paper is to exa- 
mine those areas of drug distribution 
40 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Nurse and pharmacist 
-partners 


The mutual responsibilities of pharmacy and nursing in drug distribution. 


Jack L. Summers 


which are of mutual concern to phal- 
macy and nursing, some of the prob- 
lems which arise, and some means of 
minimizing these problems. 
Methods of dispensing 
Two basic systems of dispensing 
drugs have been in use in hospitals for 
many years: the floor stock system and 
the individual prescription system. 
The Floor Stock System is one in 
which all but infrequently used drugs 
are stocked on the nursing station. 
While this system provides the nurse 
with an immediate supply of most 
drugs, it is costly in terms of nursing 
time, space requirements, and inven- 
tory, and it lacks control. 
In the J ndividual Prescription Sys- 
tem practically all medication orders 
are dispensed by a pharmacist in the 
form of an individual prescription for 
a specific patient. This system pro- 
vides a high degree of inventory con- 
trol and ensures that the physician's 
drug orders have been interpreted by 
a pharmacist. But the system requires 
a great deal of dispensing time without 
a compensating reduction in nursing 
time. And unless the system functions 
with flawless precision, a most un- 


Mr. Summers is Professor of Pharmacy, 
University of Saskatchewan. He is also Edi- 
tor of The Hospital Phamacist, and until 
recently, Assistant Director, University Hos- 
pital, Saskatoon. He served on the Com- 
mittee on Nursing Education that prepared 
the Tucker Report. 


likely event, there are delays in the 
arrival of medications at the nursing 
units. This system was popular when 
patients were charged for individual 
medications, a situation which still 
exists in some hospitals in the United 
States. 
The system now in use in most Ca- 
nadian hospitals is a combination of 
the floor stock and individual pres- 
cription systems. A limited number of 
frequently used drugs, not commonly 
considered prescription drugs, are 
maintained as floor stocks. These in- 
clude analgesics, laxatives, antiseptics, 
and intravenous fluids. The remaining 
drugs are supplied on an individuàl 
prescription basis. 
Some interesting work is being done 
in the development of more effective 
svstems of drug distribution. However, 
this work is largely experimental and 
at the present time no practical alter- 
native to the traditional svstems is 
readily applicable to Canadian hos- 
pitals. 
Drug order cycle 
From the time that a drug is 
ordered by a physician until it is ad- 
ministered to the patient, a sequence 
of events takes place which, for the 
want of a more descriptive term, shall 
be called the drug order cycle. A brief 
examination of these events will illus- 
trate the involvement of pharmacy and 
nursing. 
. The physician decides on a 
course of drug therapy and orders the 
FEBRUARY 1967 



drugs to be administered to his pa- 
tient. This information is communi- 
cated to the nurse and entered in the 
patient's record. 
. The drug is ordered from phar- 
macy. If the drug is maintained as 
floor stock, the request to pharmacy 
is in the form of periodic requisitions 
for floor stock replenishment. If the 
drug is not in the ward stock, an in- 
dividual prescription order is transmit- 
ted to pharmacy. This may involve the 
nurse in recopying the physician's 
original order. 
. When the prescription order is 
received in pharmacy, it is interpreted, 
and the appropriate drug selected, 
packaged, and labeled. 
. The completed drug order is re- 
turned, hopefully to the floor from 
which it originated. 
. When the completed drug order 
arrives at the nursing station, it is 
scheduled for administration according 
to the physician's instructions. This 
procedure involves checking the ori- 
ginal order, storage of the drug, and 
the creation of medication tickets. 
. At the appointed time, a single 
dose of the drug is prepared for ad- 
ministration, taken to the right patient, 
and administered by the appropriate 
route. But the administration of the 
drug is not the end of the cycle. 
. The nurse observes the effects 
of the drug on the patient who may 
respond favorably, or adversely, or 
not at all. Regardless of its nature, the 
response of the patient is of impor- 
tance to the physician and is record- 
ed and communicated to him. 
. At regular intervals the physician 
evaluates the effects of the drug the- 
rapy and orders that it be continued, 
or altered, or discontinued. At this 
point the cycle ends and may be re- 
peated. 


The number of separate events in 
the drug order cycle is appalling. With 
the possibility of error accompanying 
each event and the introduction of 
each new person into the interpretation 
and transmission of the physician's 
order, the wonder is not that there 
is an occasional error but that there 
FEBRUARY 1967 


are not more of them! And in ad- 
dition to being subject to errors, this 
complex procedure is excessively de- 
manding of the time of the nurse 
Problem areas 
It would be kind to say that the 
prevalent systems of drug distribution 
are cumbersome. But what are the 
alternatives? 
Two approaches appear to be open: 
Adopt an entirely new system of drug 
distribution which will eliminate the 
present difficulties, and probably in- 
troduce an entirely new set of prob- 
lems; and improve the traditional sys- 
tems by simplifying procedures and 
utilizing better methods of communi- 
cation. 
It has already been noted that, in 
spite of considerable work on new 
methods, there seems to be no prac- 
tical alternative to the traditional sys- 
tems of drug distribution for most 
hospitals at this particular moment. 
Thus, the most productive approach 
for the immediate future appears to 
be the modification of existing systems 
to reduce the number of steps and 
people involved in the process. These 
changes should aim at reducing the 
possibility of medication errors and 
relieving the nurse of as much detail 
as possible so that she will have more 
time to spend with her patients. 
If significant improvements in the 
present methods of handling drug 
orders are to be effected, a clearer 
picture of the problem areas which 
are of mutual concern to nursing and 
pharmacy is necessary. Let us examine 
some of these areas in detail. 
Origin and transmission of individual 
prescription orders 
It is common practice for the phy- 
sician's orders to be written in an 
order book. Drug orders are then 
transcribed by the nurse to individual 
prescription forms and transmitted to 
pharmacy for dispensing. 
While the initiation of the physi- 
cian's order directly involves the nurse 
and the physician, it is important to 
the pharmacist that there be no ambi- 
guity about the intention of the phy- 


sician. The order should include the 
name of the drug, the dosage form, 
the dose, the route of administration, 
and the duration of therapy. If prob- 
lems arise at this stage, the remainder 
of the process is an exercise in error 
which may harm the patient. 
In an attempt to overcome errors 
of interpreting drug nomenclature, 
some hospitals require the attending 
physician to print the name of the drug 
in the order book or on a special drug 
order sheet. But even when the name 
of the drug is perfectly legible, errors 
of intent may occur. 
Recently a physician intended to 
order Placidyl* - a non-barbiturate 
sedative - but Flaxedil** - a potent 
muscle relaxant used to supplement 
general anesthetics - was written in 
the order book. The order was ques- 
tioned by the pharmacist, checked by 
the nurse against the order book, and 
the drug sent to the ward. The drug 
was subsequently administered to the 
patient who developed acute respira- 
tory distress. The situation was rec- 
tified by the prompt action of the 
nursing staff, but it provided an ex- 
cellent lesson to both pharmacy and 
nursing. The pharmacist should have 
been aware of the fact that potent 
muscle relaxants are normally used 
only in the operating theaters, and the 
drug should not have been delivered 
without checking with the physician 
However, the example is not cited to 
be critical of judgments but rather 
to illustrate that the intention of the 
physician is of mutual concern to the 
pharmacist and the nurse. 
The practice of transcribing the 
physician's original order, usually by 
a nurse, to a prescription form for 
subsequent transmission to pharmacy 
is questionable. It introduces a pos- 
sibility of error in transcription, a 
source of additional work, and several 
more pieces of paper to clog the 
machinery of drug distribution. 
.Placidyl - registered trade name for Ab- 
bott Laboratories brand of ethchlorvynol. 
uFlaxedii - registered trade name for 
Poulenc Limited brand of gallamine triethi- 
odide. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 41 



The transmission of drug orders 
can be simplified by the use of a du- 
plicate drug order that provides a copy 
for the nurse and a copy for the phar- 
macist which serves as a prescription 
requisition. This procedure eliminates 
the recopying of drug orders and gives 
the pharmacists the physician's original 
order for interpretation. Questions re- 
garding the order mav be discussed 
directly with the physician by the phar- 
macist. keeping in mind that nursing 
must be informed of any change in 
the original order. 
A drug order form that appears to 
solve many of the problems of trans- 
mitting the physician's original order 
to pharmacy has been developed and 
used by Joseph Brant Memorial Hos- 
pitaJ3. 
Regardless of the system used for 
ordering a drug from pharmacy, the 
actual transfer of the order should not 
require a nurse, or a member of her 
staff, to deliver it to pharmacy. The 
pneumatic tube, or other automated 
transport device, provides a conven- 
ient delivery system. In older hos- 
pitals, the use of a routine drug or- 
der pick-up service, supplemented by 
telephone and pharmacy runner, 
should make the use of nursing staff 
as messengers an outmoded form of 
communication. 


Prescription labeling 
Dispensing is the role of the phar- 
macist. While there is little mutual 
concern with this phase of operations, 
the labeling of the prescription is of 
some importance to the nurse. The 
label should provide her with suffi- 
cient information to get the right drug 
into the right patient. In hospitals, it 
is customary to label the prescription 
with the name and location of the 
patient, the name of the prescribing 
physician, and the name and strength 
of the drug. Directions are omitted 
unless specificalIy requested because 
the nurse has a number of orders. 
card files, medication tickets, and 
other assorted sources of information 
that give her the dosage schedule of 
the drug order. One more source of 
information would but add to the con- 
fusion. 
42 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


The name of the drug which ap- 
pears on the label frequently poses a 
problem to the nurse. Drug nomen- 
clature, being the jungle that it is, 
makes it possible to label a drug with 
a variety of names, alI of which may 
be different from the name by which 
the physician ordered the drug. The 
nurse is not an expert in drug nomen- 
clature and it should not be necessary 
for her to search reference works to 
verify the fact that the name on the 
label is synonymous with that by 
which the drug was ordered. 
The source of the problem is that, 
if a physician orders a drug by its 
trade name, and a brand of the drug 
other than that calIed for by the trade 
name is supplied, the prescription 
cannot legally or ethicalIy be labeled 
with the brand name specified in the 
physician's original order. In such 
cases the common name of the drug 
should be used to identify the drug 
supplied. But when this is done, the 
label should also read "Dispensed in 
place of (brand name specified by 
physician)." Thus the nurse does not 
have to guess at the meaning of the 
common name nor phone to the phar- 
macy to see why Mrs. Jones' order has 
not arrived! 
It must be emphasized that the dis- 
pensing of a brand of drug other than 
that specified in the physician's order 
may only take place with the approval 
of the physician, or under the author- 
ity of the Pharmacy and Therapeutic 
Committee of the Medical Staff. 



 


.. ... 
. 


" 


Pre!>cription delivery 
Once a drug order has been trans- 
mitted to pharmacy the nurse should 
be relieved of further responsibility 
until the drug arrives back on her 
ward in time to meet the needs of the 
patient. But alI too frequently things 
don't happen quite this smoothly and 
there is a last minute panic to locate 
a drug which has been, or should 
have been, ordered some time pre- 
viously. 
Drug orders arrive at the pharmacy 
like bananas - in bunches - and the 
pharmacist must attempt to place a 
realistic priority on their completion. 
Some means of indicating emergency 
orders for immediate return to the 
ward should be worked out between 
pharmacy and nursing. "Stat" orders 
should not be abused to expedite the 
delivery of non-urgent drug require- 
ments. 
The mechanics of delivering drug 
orders to the wards are unimportant 
providing that they are convenient for 
both nursing and pharmacy, and get 
the drugs to the ward in time for ad- 
ministration. Delivery may be achieved 
by pneumatic tube, or some automatic 
conveyor system, by a routine delivery 
service, or pharmacy runner, or a 
combination of methods. But the me- 
thod should meet the requirements of 
the particular hospital and deliver the 
goods - on time. It is the responsi- 
bility of the pharmacist to ensure that 
it does so! 


FEBRUARY 1967 



After-hour pharmacy service 
While most of the problems of mu- 
tual concern to pharmacy and nursing 
arise in the course of the drug order 
cycle, several additional areas con- 
tribute their share of headaches. After- 
hour pharmacy service is a fairly con- 
sistent source of distress. 
The pharmacy department is open 
and fully staffed for a definite period 
of time each day. On weekends and 
holidays a reduced staff is usually 
present at certain times to provide for 
the immediate requirements of the pa- 
tient. 
The hours of operation of the phar- 
macy should reflect the demands for 
service. More than 90 percent of new 
drug orders originate between the 
hours of 8:00 A. M. and 5:00 P. M. 
Monday to Friday, and this factor de- 
termines the hours of full operation. 
However. in some hospitals the medi- 
cal staff make rounds in the early 
evening after office hours. This prac- 
tice creates a number of new drug or- 
ders and it is reasonable to e;pect 
pharmacy to provide service over this 
period. 
But, illness in general, and emergen- 
cies in particular, have refused to ob- 
serve the sanctity of the 40-hour week, 
and hospitals are required to function 
24 hours a day for seven days each 
week. Drugs are required after the 
pharmacy is closed for the day and 
there must be some procedure for ob- 
taining adequate pharmacy service 
after regular hours. 
The aim of after-hour pharmacy ser- 
vice is to provide the nurse with those 
drugs that are necessary to meet the 
immediate requirements of the patient 
without undue inconvenience to the 
nursing staff. Under no circumstances 
shoull the nurse be required to engage 
in dispensing. The system should en- 
sure that a pharmacist is always avail- 
able to discuss medication problems 
with the nurse, and to return to the 
hospital if the occasion demands. 
The ideal solution to after-hour ser- 
vice is to have the pharmacy open 
for 24 hours a day. For some lafJ.!er 
hospitals this approach is a sensible 
solution; for some it is a necessity! 
However, for most hospitals, 24-hour 
operation of the pharmacy department 
FEBRUARY 1967 


is neither practical nor necessary. But 
the responsibility for 24-hour phar- 
macy service must rest with the phar- 
macist and it is his task to come up 
with a suitable answer to his own par- 
ticular situation. 
The use of an emergency drug sup- 
ply for after-hour drug requirements 
is a common practice. The nurse, or 
more specifically the evening or night 
supervisor, is expected to go to the 
supply, select the right package, and 
leave a requisition for what she has 
taken. 
While this system does meet a need 
- the need for drugs in an emergency 
- it is time-consuming and cumber- 
some for the nurse. Indeed, it is diffi- 
cult to consider it as a service. The 
emergency drug system is much too 
often used as a substitute for adequate 
pharmacy service. 
Most medium-sized hospitals require 
something between full-time pharmacy 
service and the night supervisor as- 
suming full responsibility for the dis- 
pensing of after-hour drugs. There are 
many ways in which the required ser- 
vices can be provided, short of 24- 
hour pharmacy staffing. The extension 
of pharmacy hours on a reduced staff 
basis to cover busy evening periods 
and weekends, a pharmacist on call, 
utilization of retail pharmacists, and 
conveniently located pre-packaged 
emergency drug supplies may all con- 
tribute part of the solution. A combi- 
nation of these methods should pro- 
vide a satisfactory after-hour pharma- 
cy service for most hospitals. But the 
degree of service required by a hos- 
pital after hours, and the adequacy of 
the measures for providing it, should 
be arrived at by consultation between 
pharmacy and nursing. 
Ward stock medications 
The pharmacist is responsible for 
all drugs in the hospital, regardless of 
their location. This includes drugs 
maintained as ward stocks. 
 
There are two areas of mutual con- 
cern to the nurse and the pharmacist 
relative to ward stocks. The first is 
the list of drugs to be kept on wards 
and the second is the procedure for 
replenishing stocks of these drugs. 
The purpose of ward stocks is to 


provide the nurse with a convenient 
supply of most items used in routine 
performance of nursing care. Require- 
ments for ward medication should be 
maintained without a complicated re- 
quisitioning and accounting system 
and without the nurse being required 
to move from the \\'ard to obtain sup- 
plies. 
The selection of drugs for each ward 
should be worked o
t between the 
pharmacist and the head nurse of the 
particular ward because requirements 
vary from ward to ward. While the 
nurse may prefer to have all of her 
drug requirements readily at hand. 
there is some limit, short of the entire 
dispensary inventory, that must be 
accepted as reasonable. Floor stocks 
should not be considered as an inflex- 
ible list of drugs but rather a group 
of drugs that may be augmented or re- 
duced to meet current fashion of drug 
therapy and the type of patient on th
 
ward. 
Expensive drugs that may be readily 
consumed by other than patients. such 
as antibiotics, should not be requested 
as ward stocks. Large ward stocks 
require an increased inventory which 
defeats the purpose of central drug 
control, and, indeed, add to the con- 
fusion of preparing medications for 
patients. 
To reorder ward stocks, the most 
that should be required of the nurse 
is to check off a preprinted form. The 
responsibility for picking up orders and 
delivering the drugs to the ward at 
a convenient time rests with the phar- 
macist. 
Some hospitals no longer use ward 
stock requisitions. The pharmacist 
brings the drugs to the wards, checks 
the existing supplies, and brings them 
up to a scale of issue previously agreed 
upon with the staff of the nursing 
unit. A modification of this system is 
a mobile ward stock unit which is 
wheeled up to the ward to replace the 
old unit which is taken back to the 
pharmacy for replenishment. 4 


Narcotic control 
The responsibility for accounting 
for narcotics and "controlled" drugs 
falls upon both the pharmacist and the 
nurse. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 43 



While the law is quite specific as to 
what must be done, pharmacy and 
nursing can work together to develop 
procedures which fulfill both the letter 
and the spirit of the regulations with- 
out creating too great an inconve- 
nience to either profession. 
Requisitioning procedures should 
require only the signature of the head 
nurse or her deputy. The requested 
narcotics and controlled drugs may 
then be delivered to the ward at a 
convenient time each day. Nursing 
units should stock adequate supplies 
of narcotics and controlled drugs and 
should not be required to return an 
empty container before being allowed 
to reorder a second. This makes it 
possible for the nurse to plan her nar- 
cotic orders on the basis of a 24-hour 
requirement and prevents needless 
trips and requisitions by both pharma- 
cy and the nursing unit. 
It should not be necessary for the 
nurse to return the completed record 
of administration to the pharmacy per- 
sonally unless some problem has ari- 
sen. Under normal circumstances, it 
should be sufficient for both records 
and containers to be picked up by 
pharmacy when narcotics are deli- 
vered, or sent back with the normal 
drug returns. 
A shift count of narcotics is some- 
times required by nursing service. The 
merits of this particular form of enter- 
tainment will not be debated at this 
point. But where such a procedure is 
required, it is helpful if narcotics are 
packaged in such a manner that indi- 
vidual doses can be seen and counted 
without removing them from the con- 
tainer. This prevents wear and tear on 
both narcotics and nursing tempers. 
Many such containers are now availa- 
ble and there is no valid reason for 
not putting them to use. 
Nursing may greatly assist in the 
control of these drugs bv bringing 
problems to the attention of the phar- 
macist as soon as they are suspected. 
Narcotics that have not been used for 
some time should be returned to the 
dispensary rather than left on the ward 
for daily counting. 
Developments in drug distribution 
It is becoming increasingly obvious 
44 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


that the traditional methods of drug 
distribution are no longer adequate 
to meet the requirements of the mod- 
ern hospital. The most significant 
reasons are said to be: 
I. The high percentage of medica- 
tion errors reported in the literature 
and 
2. the widespread shortage of per- 
sonnel, especially nurses. ã 
Work is being done on the develop- 
ment of several new systems of drug 
distribution, most of which are based 
on the unit-dose system of dispensing. 
In this system, all drugs are delivered 
to the floor in single doses, labeled 
for specific patients, and ready for 
administration, immediately prior to 
the time at which they are to be ad- 
ministered to the patient. All that is 
required of the nurse is to take the 
prepared medication to the right pa- 
tient and administer it. 
The successful introduction of such 
a system will require considerable 
mental and mechanical adjustment on 
the part of both nursing and pharma- 
cy. But regardless of the problems in- 
volved, few should quarrel with the 
object of the system, which is to re- 
lieve the nurse of many of the time- 
consuming mechanical details which 
now keep her from the patient. It 
should also contribute to a reduction 
of the volume of waste paper which 
now accumulates in the nursing sta- 
tion. 1I 
Automated dispensing units of the 
vending machine type have been intro- 
duced in an attempt to improve drug 
distribution techniques. While this de- 
vice does have some very desirable 
features, it does little to improve the 
lot of the nurse. Indeed, this type of 
equipment is now obsolescent in the 
light of newer developments. 
Some of the more sophisticated ad- 
vanced systems incorporate the utiliza- 
tion of automatic data processing 
and telecommunications. Not only 
does the system deliver the required 
drugs in unit doses, but sends a mes- 
sage reminding the nurse that medica- 
tion is due for certain patients whose 
names are printed out. The machine 
calls back in 15 minutes to ask if the 
task has been completed. 7 
One of the new developments al- 


lows the physician to select and or- 
der his drug therapy on a device si- 
milar to a television screen. One gets 
the impression that the nursing station 
in the automated hospital will resemble 
a fire control unit of a nuclear bat- 
tleship. 
Many of the experimental systems 
being tested at the present time will be 
applicable only to specialized hospi- 
tals. But out of the present work will 
evolve a new system, or systems, 
which will be applicable to all hospi- 
tals, and which will solve many of the 
problems which beset both pharmacy 
and nursing in the process of drug 
distribution. 
Until new systems are developed, 
there is much that can be done to im- 
prove the present methods of providing 
drugs for patients. But to do so will 
require a genuine effort on the part 
of nurses and pharmacists to become 
familiar with their areas of mutual 
responsibilitv and to minimize the 
causes of friction which are irritating 
to ourselves and detrimental to the 
welfare of our patients. 
But regardless of the development 
of new systems, the introduction of 
automation, and the use of automatic 
data processing, the pharmacist will 
not provide the nurse with the assis- 
tance which she requires, and which 
he is capable of providing, until he 
moves out of the dispensary to where 
the action is - on the wards of the 
hospital. The shiny new tools and 
gadgets, from which so much is ex- 
pected, must be looked upon as a 
means of helping to achieve this aim. 


References 
J. Latiolais, C.J. Hosp. Manag. 94: 80. 
Sept. 1964. 
2. Biggs, E. L. The Administrator-Pharma- 
cist Relatiornhip. Canad. Hosp. 43: 44, 
June 1966. 
3. Smythe, H.A. Hosp. Pharm. 19: 103. 
May-June 1966. 
4. Victorine. Sister M. Amer. J. Hosp. 
Pharm. 15: 973, Nov. 1958. 
5. Stauffer. I.E. Hosp. Pharm. 19: 149. 
July-Aug. 1966. 
6. Barker, K.N. and Heller, W.M. Amer. 
J. Hosp. Pharm. 20: 568, Nov. 1963. 
7. Jang, R. and Barker, K.N. Mod. Hosp. 
p. 124, April 1965. 0 
FEBRUARY 1967 



Tumors of the skin are very com- 
mon, usually occurring on exposed 
surfaces such as the face or the back 
of the hands, but can appear anywhere, 
particularly if the site is subject to 
persistent trauma. Exposure to wind, 
sun, and frost are etiological factors, 
and skin tumors are more common in 
the white populations living in tro- 
pical climates and in persons such as 
farmers or fishermen who work outside. 
Tumors may be benign or malig- 
nant, are often multiple, and seen more 
frequently in the older age groups. 
Some benign lesions become malignant 
with time, and, although most malig- 
nant tumors arise primarily in the skin, 
occasionally they are a manifestation 
of widespread cancer. Metastases from 
breast and lung tumors are the com- 
monest and the malignant lymphomata 
can infiltrate the skin. 
Skin cancer usually implies tumors 
of epithelial origin and may be clas- 
sified according to histological charac- 
ters. They are generally of low-grade 
malignancy and the majority are cured 
at the first attempt. Where the first 


The author expresses his appreciation to 
Mrs. M. Gaettens of the Department of 
Medicine Photography, The Princess Mar- 
garet Hospital, for providing the clinical 
photographs, and to Mrs. M. McIntyre for 
her secretarial and typing services. 


Dr. Fitzpatrick is radiotherapist at The 
Princess Margaret Hospital. Toronto. On- 
tario. 


FEBRUARY 1967 


Tumors of the skin 


A brief description of the benign and malignant tumors of the skin, 
and their treatment. 


P.J. Fitzpatrick, M.B., D.M.R.T., F.F.R. 


planned treatment fails to cure the pa- 
tient, secondary measures are usually 
effective and few patients succomb to 
this disease. 


Benign tumors 
These lesions tend to have a long 
history. They "sit on" the skin rather 
than invade it, are frequently pigment- 
ed and multiple, involving large areas. 
The commonest is the hyperkeratosis 
(Figure 1) which presents as a rough- 
ened area of thickened skin and may 
show ulceration; in time, these may 
develop into squamous cell carcino- 
mas. Bowen's disease is intraepithe- 
Iial carcinoma that tends to occur at 
mucocutaneous junctions, particularly 
around the anus and the lip; these le- 
sions, too, sometimes progress to frank 
squamous cell cancer. The keratoacan- 
thoma (Figure 2) is an interesting 
tumor that is often misdiagnosed for 


the more serious epithelioma. The 
history is short, often of only a few 
weeks duration, with rapid growth 
commencing as a pimple that breaks 
down in the center to show a keratin 
plug. On separation this leaves an ul- 
cerated, indurated base; left to itself, 
spontaneous healing will occur with 
an average life of 12 to 25 weeks 
(Figure 3). Other benign tumors are 
mentioned for completeness but are 
outside the scope of this article (Figures 
4, 5, 6). 


Malignant tumors 
Basal Cell Carcinoma 
The rodent ulcer is the commonest 
malignant tumor of the skin. Its site 
of election is the face above a line 
joining the lobe of the ear to the angle 
of the mouth, particularly at embryo- 
logical junctional areas. The tumor 
erodes away at tissues, but does not 


Common Primary Skin Tumors 


BENIGN MALIGNANT 
Keratosis Basal Cell Carcinoma 
Wart (Rodent Ulcer) 
Angioma Squamous Cell Carcinoma 
Keloid (Epithelioma) 
Nevus (Mole) Malignant Melanoma 
Keratoacanthoma Bowen's Disease 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 45 



metastasize and usually is not a serious 
condition, although large tumors can 
produce hideous deformities. It starts 
as a small lump that breaks down in 
the center and refuses to heal. Growth 
is slow and the edges of the tumor 
are pearly white in appearance with 
numerous small blood vessels present. 
Squamous Cell Carcinoma 
Epithelioma frequently arises in as- 
sociation with other skin changes due 
to climatic exposure or trauma. It is 
therefore more common on exposed 
parts of the body and grows directly 
by extension into the surrounding tis- 
sues, sometimes metastasizing to the 
regional lymph nodes. It starts as a 
pimple or ulcer that will not heal and 
growth may be rapid. The edges of 
the ulcer are raised, rolled, and everted 
and the base bleeds easily (Figures 
7, 8, 9, 10). 
Malignant Melanoma 
This tumor is less common than the 
epithelioma and may occur anywhere 
on the skin, most commonly around 
the orbit or on the limbs. It has a 
sinister reputation because of its black 
color and its tendency to re::ur locally 


Fig. 1: Seborrhea keratosis on the left 
cheek of a 66-year-old farmer. It was 
present for 2 years, growing slowly, 
and bleeding at touch. Treated with 
single shot of irradiation. 


Fig. 4: Keloid scar on the back of lobe 
of an ear following piercing. No 
treatment given. 


46 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


if inadequately treated. There is a high 
incidence of metastases that may ap- 
pear as satellite nodules around the 
primary tumor (Figure 1/) or spread 
through the lymphatics to the regional 
nodes. Involvement of other organs, 
particularly the lungs and liver due to 
bloodstream spread, is common. The 
tumor is not always pigmented and it 
may follow change in a benign nevus; 
occasionally there is a history of rapid 
growth or bleeding associated with 
pregnancy. This tumor carries the 
worst prognosis of any skin tumor. 


Patient management 
At The Princess Margaret Hospital. 
patients are seen in a special skin clinic 
where a history is taken' and clinical 
examination carried out. Following 
this a diagnosis is made which is usual': 
Iy followed by a biopsy to confirm the 
clinical impression. A photograph is 
useful in following the subsequent 
progress of the tumor and occasionally 
x-rays are required to see whether 
there is any bone destruction or to 
search for the presence of metastases. 
Irradiation has been used in the 


Fig. 2: Keratoacanthoma on nose of a 
57-year-old man. Present for 6 weeks. 
growing rapidly. but not bleeding, 
Treated with simple curettage. 


Fig. 5: Angioma on the head of a 
2-month-old baby. Tumor disappeared 
spontaneously without treatment over 
a 3-year period. 


{I 


treatment of skin tumors for over 60 
years. The therapeutic use of radiation 
depends on its ability to destroy se- 
lectively abnormal tissue without dam- 
aging the adjacent normal structures. 
This is accomplished by various treat- 
ment techniques and the physical pro- 
perties can be adapted to suit any 
tumor and site. Many techniques have 
been used and the radiation obtained 
from radioactive isotopes or x-ray ma- 
chines. Radium has been the isotope 
used most extensively and is still used 
in the form of needles that can be im- 
planted into the tumor, or as a sur- 
face applicator; however, these now 
have been replaced for the most part 
by external irradiation from an x-ray 
machine. 


Radio-isotopes emit radiation of dif- 
ferent types by disintegration of the 
nucleus, the gamma ray being used for 
therapeutic effect. These rays are simi- 
lar to x-rays and related to those of 
light, heat and radio, but are of ex- 
tremely short wave lengths. Radiation 
is absorbed in tissues and its depth 
of penetration depends on several fac- 
tors. In general, the higher the voltage 


. 


Fig. 3: Same patient as in Figure 2, 
four months later. 


Fig. 6: Benign papilloma in the left ear 
of a 72 - year-old man. Present most of 
his life but recent bleeding due to 
trauma. Tumor removed by curettage. 


.. ') 
... 


, 


FEBRUARY 1967 



the greater the depth dose achieved. 
Thus, at 100 KV, the useful depth of 
irradiation is about 4 mm.; deeper 
tumors have to be treated with more 
powerful units. 
Rodent ulcers and epitheliomas are 
moderately radiosensitive and can be 
readily destroyed by radiation. If the 
tumor is small, a single treatment will 
suffice and is useful in treating {)1d 
people, especially if they have had to 
travel from afar. Larger tumors have 
to be treated over several days to get 
a cancericidal dose that will not dam- 
age the normal surrounding structures. 
A better cosmetic effect is obtained 
and the chances of getting a geogra- 
phic miss, possible with a single shot 
treatment, eliminated. 
Most tumors are superficial and low 
voltage x-ray machines operating at 
less than 100 KV provide effective 
treatment. For thicker lesions a higher 
voltage at 250 KV is required. Today, 
high energy electrons and other radio- 
active isotopes, such as Caesium 137. 
increase our therapeutic armory. 
Following irradiation, the tumor 
develops an erythema and subsequent- 


Fig. 7: Epithelioma on left hand of 
a 49-year-old laborer. Present for 8 
months and growing rapidly. Treated 
with rodium nwld. 


Fig. 10: Same patient as in Figure 9. 
Result shown 18 months later. 


FEBRUARY 1967 


ly becomes covered with a ycllow fi- 
brinous exudate; this reaches its maxi- 
mum intensity after about two to three 
weeks and becomes slightly sore. 
Crusting follows. On separation four 
to six weeks following therapy, the 
.tumor is found to have disappeared, 
although complete resolution some- 
times takes a little longer. The cosme- 
tic result is usually good and repre- 
sented by minor atrophy of the skin. 
although telangiectasia may occur after 
treatment of large tumors many years 
later. Recurrence is uncommon and 
probably best treated by excision be- 
cause of the danger of necrosis fol- 
lowing heavy irradiation. The latter 
follows damage to the blood vessels 
of the skin which develop an endarte- 
ritis with subsequent deficient nourish- 
ment and oxygenation of the involved 
area. 
Unfortunately the malignant melano- 
ma is not a radiosensitive tumor, al- 
though small ones can be destroyed by 
heavy irradiation. These tumors are 
best excised and it is generally accept- 
ed that any excision that does not re- 
quire skin grafting is inadequate. Irra- 
diation is used to supplement surgery 


..... 


i\ 
 
 


Fig. 8: Same patient as in Figure 7. 
Result shown 4 years later. 


Fig. 11: Malignant melanoma on left 
foot of a 67-year-old man. Present for 
many years. Tumor excised and 
grafted, but patient died of distant 
metastases three years later. 


where the latter may have been in- 
complete, and is useful in palliating 
the symptoms of advanced disease. 
The techniques used at The Princess 
Margaret Hospital and the common 
reactions encountered and their man- 
agement will be described in the fol- 
lowing article. After treatment, skin 
tumors are followed in the outpatients' 
clinic to assess the result 0 


- 


.. 


p. 


" 


Fig. 9: Epithelioma lower lip present 
for 6 months. Treated with external 
irradiation. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 47 



During the past eight years, one out 
of every five new patients registered 
at The Princess Margaret Hospital in 
Toronto had some form of skin cancer; 
in fact, nearly 5,000 new patients were 
seen and treated. 
Most patients are treated on an out- 
patient basis; very few need to be ad- 
mitted to hospital. If patients come 
from outside the city, they can be 
accommodated in The Princess Mar- 
garet Lodge, which is situated about 
100 yards from the main hospital. 
Room and meals are provided at the 
Lodge, but the patient is able to go out 
and follow whatever pursuits he likes. 
The skin clinic in the outpatients' 
department is staffed by a consultant 
dermatologist and radiotherapist. They 
examine each patient, make a diag- 
nosis, and prescribe treatment. The 
patient is then escorted by a volunteer 
to the radiotherapy department and 
introduced to the radiographer who ex- 
plains the course to be followed. 
Description of department 
The radiotherapy department is de- 
signed to make treatments as efficient 
and pleasant as possible. Radiation 
used therapeutically produces no haz- 
ard to the patient; but irradiation in 
small doses received over a long period 
of time by personnel working in the 
therapy departments is hazardous. Cer- 
tain precautions are taken to mini- 
mize exposure. The walls of the treat- 
ment room are of thick concrete and 
the observation windows contain lead 
48 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Radiation therapy for 
skin cancer 


Minimizing the patient's fear about the diagnosis of cancer and the method of 
treatment is a major responsibility of the radiotherapy technician. 


Doris Martyn, Reg. N., R.T. 


so that no stray radiation can filter 
to the outside. Because of the dangers 
of radiation exposure, the technician 
is not allowed to be in the room at 
the same time as the patient while 
treatment is being carried out, but ob- 
serves him through the specially pro- 
tected window. 
The treatment rooms are pleasantly 
decorated and spacious to prevent 
claustrophobia. As there are no out- 
side windows, murals of outdoor scenes 
cover one wall. A two-way communi- 
cation system has been set up so that 
technician and patient can converse at 
all times while therapy is in progress. 
To encourage relaxation, soft back- 
ground music is piped into all treat- 
ment rooms. 


Radiotherapy 
The doctor prescribes the amount 
and type of radiation required and 
specifies the area to be treated. This 
varies according to the nature of the 
tumor and its extent. The prescription 
is written on a special treatment sheet, 
and unless the treatment is compli- 
cated or extends for more than five 
days, the doctor will not see the pa- 
tient again until the first follow-up 
visit in the outpatient clinic. The radio- 
grapher is now responsible for the 
planned treatment and for establishing 
rapport with the patient. 


Miss Martyn is Senior Radiotherapy Tech- 
nician at The Princess Margaret Hospital. 
Toronto, Ontario. 


When external irradiation is to be 
used, the patient is placed on a treat- 
ment couch with the appropriate area 
exposed. Treatment for each patient 
is individualized. The regular set of 
applicators are suitable for a good 
proportion of the patients, but some 
situations require special shields that 
can be made to any size or shape. 
Most skin cancers are treated with 
superficial x-ray at 100 kilovolt. A 
very thin sheet of lead (0.5 millimeters 
thick), which can be cut with scissors, 
prevents any radiation from passing 
through it. Large tumors are treated 
at a moderate voltage and the shield- 
ing has to be thicker to prevent irra- 
diation of the surrounding normal tis- 
sues. The doctor will have marked the 
area to be treated with a skin pencil. 
This is then outlined with the appli- 
cator or lead cut-out and the x-ray 
machine is placed in position. Patients 
who are comfortable will maintain 
their position better than those who 
are not, and if there is any danger of 
movement the part to be treated is 
supported by sand bags. 
The patient is told again that the 
treatment is painless but that there 
will be a whirring sound from the ma- 
chine which is quite normal and no 
cause for alarm. The technician re- 
treats from the room, shuts the door, 
calculates the treatment time, and 
turns on the radiation beam. Most 
treatments take only a few minutes. 
When the prescribed dose has been 
given, the machine automatically turns 
FEBRUARY 1967 



-.--.. 
 


= 


o 


.- 


itself off and the technician re-enters 
the room, releases the x-ray applicator, 
and removes any shields. 
Protection badges worn 
To make sure that nurses and tech- 
nicians do not receive irradiation 
beyond the maximum permissible level 
as outlined by the World Health Or- 
ganization, protection badges are worn 
and blood counts taken periodically. 
The protection badge consists of a 
small x-ray film, which is sensitive to 
radiation. The badge is worn on the 
chest of the technician and any ex- 
posure of radiation can be determined 
by the subsequent development of the 
film. 


Treatment of rodent ulcers 
Rodent ulcers around the eyelids 
are common. At this site special lead 
shields have to be placed inside the 
lids to protect the underlying eye 
(Figures 1, 2, 3, 4). The shields are 
made out of lead with the concave con- 
junctival surface coated with a thin 
layer of plastic. Several sizes and 
shapes are available and one is select- 
ed to suit the patient. They are stored 
dry, but prior to use are soaked in 
1:750 solution of aqueous zephiran for 
half an hour and then rinsed in sterile 
water for five minutes. 
To anesthetize the eye we use 0.5 
percent pontocaine; two drops are 
placed in the lower conjunctival sac 
and repeated after five minutes. Five 
minutes later, the eye shield, lubri- 
FEBRUARY 1967 


Fig. 1: A 52-year-old man with ulcer 
below the left .eye. The ulcer had been 
present for 1 year, was growing slowly, 
and bleeding on occasion. Biopsy 
confirmed the present of a rodent ulcer. 


Fig. 2: Same patient showing the area 
to be irradiated marked out and an 
internal eye shield in position. 


cated with mineral oil, can be inserted 
by slipping it under the lower eyelid 
and lifting the upper eyelid over it. 
After treatment the shield is removed 
and 10 percent sulphacetamide drops 
are instilled into the lower fornix to 
prevent subsequent infection, together 
with one or two drops of mineral oil 
to minimize irritation. A pad and ban- 
dage are applied until sensation has 
returned which usually occurs within 
one to two hours. Without the pro- 
tective bandage, a piece of grit could 
lodge in the eye and produce damage 
without the patient being aware of it. 
If a single treatment has been pre- 
scribed, the nature of the subsequent 
reaction is explained to the patient. 
If further treatments are planned, a 
return appointment is arranged to fit 
in with the patient's other commit- 
ments, so as to disturb his normal 
routine as little as possible. 


Skin reactions to irradiation 
Within a day or two of being irra- 
diated, the treated skin shows a faint 
erythema which increases over several 
days. This reaches a maximum inten- 
sity after about 10 days, and a moist 
desquamation of the skin often occurs 
at this time. During this period, trauma 
to the treated area should be avoided 
and the affected skin kept dry. If dis- 
comfort occurs, Nivea Creme or lano- 
lin should be applied sparingly two 
or three times a day. If the reaction 
is unduly severe, as sometimes occurs 
in persons with fair or sensitive skin, 


... 


..; 


one percent gentian violet solution ap- 
plied two of three times a day will 
produce a scab and allow the under- 
lying tissues to heal. 
Following moist desquamation, crusts 
appear; these are best left to separate 
on their own. Separation usually oc- 
curs between the third and fourth 
weeks and a new pinkish skin is seen. 
The tumor will often have disappeared 
by this time, but sometimes a residuum 
is left. Further disappearance occurs 
during the next few weeks with no 
special treatment required apart from 
avoidance of trauma. 
The patient should be protected 
from sunlight, wind, and frost, since 
these can cause severe local reactions, 
manifested by redness, soreness, and 
weeping of the treated area, with de- 
layed healing. Infection, too, must be 
avoided or increased scarring will re- 
sult with impaired cosmetic result; the 
patient is advised against rubbing the 
area. If there is hair in the irradiated 
area, permanent epilation usually will 
result; although this is of little con- 
sequence, the patient should be warned 
about it. 
The doctor examines each patient 
about two months following treatment 
to assess the result; however, he will 
see him before this time if the need 
arises. A careful explanation of the 
reactions that follow irradiation and 
a form that gives the patient general 
instructions on management of the 
treated area usually make this earlier 
visit unnecessary. 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 49 



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Fig. 3: Patient being prepared for 
treatment. 



 


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Dressings to irradiated areas are 
not required unless the patient is ex- 
posed to trauma or dirt, in which case 
a simple cover minimizes the risk of 
infection. Follow-up of these patients 
is shared by the local doctor and the 
clinic. A patient with a rodent ulcer 
can usually be discharged from clinic 
follow-up after one year, but is ad- 
vised to see his own physician if he 
notices any skin changes at the treated 
site or elsewhere. Follow-up after one 
year is unnecessary if the tumor has 
completely disappeared because late 
recurrence is rare. 
Other malignant tumors are followed 
indefinitely because of the possibility 
of local recurrence or the appearance 
of metastases. Because skin tumors are 
frequently multiple, the precipitating 
causes are explained to the patient and 
he is advised to protect himself as far 
as possible. 


Fears 
Many patients verbalize their fears 
and apprehensions to the nurse rather 
than to the doctor. Explanations and 
reassurance will allay these fears, but 
definite answers are needed for ques- 
tions, such as "Will it burn?" 
During the Second World War, 
Norman Rockwell painted four can- 
vases entitled "The Four Freedoms." 
One of these illustrates a basic need 
of all human beings: "Freedom From 
Fear." Fear of cancer is perhaps one 
of the most terrifying fears today. As 
nurses, we face the tremendous chal- 
lenge of assisting a patient through the 
initial frightening phase following a 
diagnosis of cancer. We must try to 
give him peace of mind, a sense of 
security, assurance and hope. These 
things we have been trained to do; 
but to do it properly, we need to edu- 
cate ourselves in the modern methods 
of therapy. 0 


Fig. 4: Patient being treated. A lead 
cut-out is seen outlining the area to be 
irradiated. 


FEBRUARY 1967 



books 


Fundamentals of Public Health Nursing 
by Kathleen M. Leahy, R.N., M.S. and 
M. Marguerite Cobb, R.N., M.N. 225 
pages. Toronto, McGraw-Hill Book Com- 
pany, 1966. 


Re\'iewed by Miss Margaret Steed, nursing 
consultant, education, Canadian Nurses' 
Association, Ottawa, Ontario. 


This book was written to provide nursing 
students with the necessary guidelines in 
preparation for their experience in public 
health nursing. 
The content was developed specifically 
for use in baccalaureate pre-service pro- 
grams, designed to prepare nurses for be- 
ginning positiorn in public health nursing, 
but would be similarly applicable in a di- 
ploma program in nursing where public 
health concepts are integrated throughout the 
nursing courses. 
The information in the textbook is pre- 
sented in two parts. 
Part one is devoted to public health and 
public health nursing, the principles of 
public health nursing, together with history, 
trends and philosophy. Information is given 
specific to the home visit, and related to 
essential communication skills and statistics. 
The identification of the role of the public 
health nurse, as it is viewed on the health 
team, seems to require an excessive review 
of historical material. 
In part two, a variety of selected case 
situations and case records together with 
topics and questions suitable for discussion 
periods are offered. This part of the book 
adds to the true value of this basic textbook 
for nursing students, in that descriptions of 
actual situations experienced and problems 
encountered by public health nurses are 
narrated and designed to provide some 
insight into public health nursing and the 
skills, understandings, appreciations and 
awareness that are required and utilized. 


Geriatric Nursing, 4 ed, by Kathleen New- 
ton, R.N., M.A. and Helen C. Anderson, 
R.N., P.T., M.N. 390 pages. Saint Louis, 
Mosby, 1966. Reviewed by Mrs. Valerie 
Nicholson, instructor, School of Nursing, 
Calgary General Hospital, Calgary, Al- 
berta. 


Recognizing, firstly, that the word geriatrics 
is that "branch of medical and nursing 
science that deals with the treatment and 
care of disease conditions in older people, 
including constructive health practice and 
prevention of disease," and formulating, 
FEBRUARY 1967 


secondly, a philO!>ophy or concept of 
geriatrics in keeping with this - old age 
can be satisfying and need not be a period 
of idle sitting and waiting for the inevitable, 
death - the authors have organized the 
fourth edition of Geriatric Nursing into four 
major units. These include an introduction 
to the aged, and a description of health 
maintenance and illness prevention, the gen- 
eral factors in the care of the ill, and clinical 
nursing. 
Unit one emphasizes the attitudes and 
personal qualities essential to the nurse who 
deals with older people. Basic to the nurse's 
approach is a knowledge of the socio-psy- 
chological needs of the aged - "the need 
for somewhere to live, something to do, and 
someone to care" - and a thorough under- 
standing of why these basic needs are 
not met in our society. Related to the prob- 
lems of the aged is society's rejection of 
old people and its emphasis on youth and 
beauty. The authors state that the prob- 
lem, paradoxically, seems to be one of 
preserving the life of the older person on the 
one hand, while killing him socially on the 
other. 
Unit two discusses maintenance of health 
and prevention of illness. Physical care for 
the aged differs from that for younger per- 
sons. Adjustments, small in themselves, may 
mean the difference between the comfort and 
well-being of the older person and his dis- 
comfort and predisposition to disease. To 
illustrate, the authors present the adjustments 
necessary for each basic physical need, i.e., 
bathing, skin care, sleep, ventilation, rest, 
activity, posture. clothing, diet. elimination 
and safety; throughout, a general regard for 
the older person is interwoven. emphasizing 
the importance of psychological needs. More 
pictures of older people in their homes, 
rather than in hospital beds, would have 
been useful in this section. 
The authors stress the nurse's strategic 
position in teaching people of the impor- 
tance of periodic health appraisals and of 
available community services. Far. too often 
elderly persons and their family members 
interpret nornpecific symptoms as the inevit- 
able concomitants of advancing age. 
Unit three, dealing with general factors 
in the care of the iU, discusses housing 
during illness, rehabilitation. and specific 
treatments such as physical and occupational 
therapy. The home is suggested as the best 
place for the elderly patient except in the 
event of acute illness or intensive treatment 
of chronic illness. Home care programs and 
instruction for family members are included 
in the nurse's role. "Repersonalization," or 
the restoration of a sense of personal worth, 


must preceed successful rehabili1ation. 
The final unit, more tllan half of the 
entire book, deals with nursing the elder- 
ly person with diseases and is arranged 
according to body systems. Since the clinical 
approach to many of the disease conditions 
is the same for the elderly as for the 
younger person, this book specifically men- 
tions only those that pertain to the care of 
the older person. 
This book would be a valuable reference 
book in any school of nursing library be- 
cause of its detailed, thoughtful, and in- 
dividualized approach to the care of older 
people in our society. 


Psychiatry for Nurses by John Gibson, 
M.D., D.P.M. 1S6 pages. Oxford. Black- 
well Scientific Publications, 1966. 
Reviewed by Mrs. Doris DesMarteau, 
acting assistant director of nursing, The 
Ontario Hospital, Cobourg, Ontario. 
This book introduces the general duty 
nurse to psychiatry. A welcome addition to 
the works on this subject, it would be a 
useful teaching manual and handy reference 
for all mental health workers. A lucid and 
concise account of the psychiatry of child- 
hood to old age, it presents a simplified ap- 
proach to a complex subject. 
In her association with the psychiatrist, 
the nurse will constantly hear technical 
terms. If she is familiar with them, she can 
communicate more intelligently with 
members of associated professions, and read 
psychiatric literature with increased under- 
slianding. With a knowledge of certain group- 
ings of personality disturbances, she will 
have a broader insight into the nature of 
her patient's illness. 
In the introduction the author deals with 
the scope of psychiatry. He points out that 
there is no clear distinction between mental 
and physical illness, and that many physical 
diseases manifest themselves through mental 
symptoms. Mentally ill patients, like the 
physically iU, suffer from definite illnesses 
that require individual methods of treat- 
ment. 
Chapter two outlines the signs and symp- 
toms of mental illness. Subsequent chapters 
deal with neuroses and psychosomatic dis- 
orders. Schizophrenia and paranoia are 
cornidered in detail as two of the most im- 
portant psychoses. Alcoholism and drug ad- 
diction are e"plained as social as well as 
medical problems. One chapter describes 
organic diseases that commonly produce 
mental symptoms. 
Chapter fourteen defines mental subnor- 
mality as a common condition. Mental 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 51 



books 


defectives, a large part of any mental hos- 
pital's population. demand their own treat- 
ment and training that must be understood 
by the nurse. 
In the section devoted to psychiatry of 
childhood. the author emphasizes the prob- 
lems presented by mentally ill children. 
which usually differ in certain respects from 
psychiatric problems of adults. 
In his last chapter "Principles of Treat- 
ment", Dr. Gibson describes at length treat- 
ments and medications applied to many types 
of illnesses. He also mentions some qualities 
essential for the nurse who cares for mental 
patients. 
Knowledge alone does not necessarily 
make it easier to tolerate the persistent hos- 
tility. rejection. and discouragement that the 
nurse often meets, but it does help her to 
understand the sufferings of the mentally 
ill that can be deep and tragic. 


The Human Body, A Survey of 
Structure and Function by John 
Caimey, C.M.G., D.Sc., M.D., F.R.A.C.S. 
and J. Caimey. 8.Sc., M.B., Ch.8.. 
M.C.R.A. 286 pages. Christchurch, New 
Zealand, N.M. Peryer Limited, 1966. 
Re
'iewed by Miss lean W. Spaldillg, 
associate director of nursing education, 
Torolllo East General & Orthopaedic 
Hospital. 


This text is written in a clear, concise 
form that would be most helpful in an intro- 
ductory course in anatomy and physiology 
for students, who need general information 
and clarification of terminology. The dia- 
grams are excellent and adequately labeled, 
providing good visual aids. 
Chapters one to eleven provide the best 
content; later chapters, including those on 
the muscular, nervous, blood vasular, and 
endocrine systems, provide insufficient in- 
formation. 
To understand body alignment, passive 
exercises, etc., the nurse must have a 
thorough knowledge of the muscular systems, 
which this book does not provide. More- 
over, the chapter on the blood vasular sys- 
tem presents insufficient physiologic detail 
and the chapter on the endocrine system 
lacks current information. 
The anatomy in this text would be ade- 
quate but sufficient physiology is lacking. 
The major reason for teaching anatomy and 
physiology is to provide a basis for under- 
standing health and for providing nursing 
care. This text does not include the material 
necessary to give the student such a back- 
ground. Its value would be enhanced by the 
addition of questions at the end of each 
chapter for review and application, and a 
bibliography for reference. 
52 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


a show of hands... 


\ 



 


nroves its sllloothness 


NEW FORMULA ALCOJEL, with 
added lubricant and emollient, will 
not dry out the patient's skin- - 
or yours! 


ALCOJEL is the economical, modern, 
jelly form of rubbing alcohol. When 
applied to the skin, its slow flow 
ensures that it will not run off, drip 
or evaporate. You have ample time 
to control and spread it. 
ALCOJEL cools by evaporation . . . 
cleans, disinfects and firms the skin. 
Your patients will enjoy the 
invigorating effect of a body rub with 
Alcojel . . . the topical tonic. 


r . coo tin 
efreshH"\g... 9. 


ALCOJEL 


Send for a free sample 
through your hospital pharmacist. 


f 


::a, 


ALCOJEL 


Jellied 
RUBBING 
ALCOHOL 



 THE BRITISH DRUG HOUSES (CANADA) LTD. 
Barclay Ave.. Toronto 18. Ontario 


FEBRUARY 1967 



books 


Rehabilitative Aspects of Nursing, 
 
Programed Instruction Series. Part I. 
Physical Therapeutic Nursing Measures. 
Unit I. Concepts and Goals. 51 pages. 
New York. National League for Nursing, 
1966. 


This pTOgramed unit is the first of a 


series of progrdmed nursing texts planned 
by the National League for Nursing. It 
was prepared especially for inservice edu- 
cation of nursing staff and for self-instruc- 
tion by individual nurses. It is designed to 
enable nurses to learn, at their own speed. 
new facts and skills in rehabilitative nursing. 
This introductory unit is devoted to gen- 
eral concepts and goals and to the treatment 
of the patient as a whole person. Future 
books will deal with range of joint motion, 
muscle conditioning. body positioning, and 
assessment processes in rehabilitative nursing. 
The booklet is easy to use and thoTOughly 




 

 


o 
.. 
.. 
.. 
... 
II 
. 


\." 



 
DISPOSABLE 
PREP TRAYS 


Now Feature Gillette's 
New SUPER STAINLESS 
STEEL BLADE 


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Oill e " e 
SOPER snu 
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NEW. IMPROVED PREP SHAVE TRAY No. EP-108 
Sterilon EP-I09 is ready to use without preparation 
by Central Supply. . . completely disposable, eliminating the danger 
of cross contamination after use. 
Canta;ns everything needed far Surgical I'nps: 


. Non-Clogging Razor with Gillette's 
New Double Edge Super Stainless Steel 
Blade - assembled and ready to use 
. Sponge Impregnated with Hexachloro. 
phene. Lanolin and Castile Soap 
. 2 Cotton Applicators 
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. Packed in Double Compartment Tray 
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OTHER STERILON PREP TRAYS 
TO FILL YOUR SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS 
EP-I05 - Same contents as EP-I09 but with 
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Clinically clean. 
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h with all .,.,.il. di.posoble items. the packaging 
.hould always be checked. If the packaging i. 
damaged or the seal i. broken the product .hould 
not be considered .,.,.ile. 
OF CANADA, LTD, 836 RANGEVIEW ROAD 
PORT CREDIT, ONTARIO, CANADA 


FEBRUARY 1967 


covers the introductory aspects of rehabilita- 
tive nursing. The time required to complete 
all frames is approximately two and one- 
half hours. 
Much of the material i
 extremely simple 
and would appear to be more valuable to 
students than to graduate nurses. However. 
considerable attention is given to aspects of 
care that involve diagnosis, assessment, and 
establishment of physical therapeutic nursing 
measures on the nurse's own initiative, that 
is, in her OWn team TOle and without the 
supervision of other disciplines. 
The book would be a useful addition to 
any ward library. Inservice nursing educators 
would find it valuable as a supplement and 
adjunct to many teaching programs. 


History and Trends of Practical Nurs- 
ing by DOTOthy F. Johnston, R.N., B.S., 
C.P.H.N., M.Ed. 171 pages. Saint Louis, 
Mosby, 1966. 
Reviewed by Mrs. P. Ecclestone, acting 
instructor, School lor Nursing Assistants, 
King Edward VII Memorial Hospital. 
Bermuda. 


This interesting book outlines the events 
that have shaped and brought into existence 
the present-day practical nurse or nursing 
assistant, as she is known in Canada. Five 
of the nine chapters deal with the past, two 
with the present, and one with the future 
of this auxiliary worker. 
The author traces the development of 
the practical nurse from the primitive 
woman who remained at home caring for 
the weak and sick while man foraged for 
food, through the religious orders, which 
provided rituals and housekeeping services 
rather than actual nursing care, to the 
beginning of the training of lay women in 
the early nineteenth century. 
In discussing the early training programs 
and the growth and expansion of the profes- 
sion, the author gets rather bogged down 
in dates and details. The reviewer found 
herself flipping pages and reading the con- 
cise and comprehensive summaries at the 
end of each chapter. 
In the chapter "War and Awakening," 
tbe author describes the professional nurse's 
realization, after World War II, of tbe need 
for the practical nurse in the hospital as 
well as in the home. The professional nurse 
finally accepted the responsibility for her 
control. Many states began passing laws for 
her licensure, curricula were expanded, her 
title was standardized, and she emerged a 
recognized and necessary part of the health 
team. 
The author discusses todays practical 
nurse in the United States and nursing 
assistants in Canada in chapters 7 and 8. 
Canadian nurses will find Chapter 8 very 
interesting, as tbe author describes the 
number of schools, admission requirements, 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 53 



books 


length and description of the course, and 
number of trained as.
istants employed in 
each province. 
In her final chapter, "Preview of the 
Future," Miss Johnston discusses the areas 
in which the practical nurse is now em- 
ployed, and conjectures about her future. 
In spite of rumblings in some camps to the 
effect that the practical nurse faces ex- 


tinction with the emergence of a "new 
nurse" who is a product of a two to three- 
year course in an independent school, the 
author believes that the outlook for the 
practical nurse is excellent, as thousands 
more are needed for employment in general 
hospitals, psychiatric hospitals, health agen- 
cies, geriatric hospitals, doctors' offices, and 
even by the Peace Corps. 
In general, this is a welI-written, thorough- 
ly researched text, and would be useful for 
instructors of nursing assistants or practical 
nurses, students themselves, and, in part, 
to professional nursing students and their 
instructors. 


TO 


PLAN FOR A LIFETIME 
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Marriage is a responsibility that often re- 
quires both spiritual and medical assistance 
from professional p&ople. In many instances 
a nurse may be coiled upon for medical 
counsel for the newly married young wo- 
man, moth.r, or a matu... woman. 


"To Plan For A Lifetime, Plan With Your Dac- 
tor" is a pamphlet that was written to assist 
in preparing a woman for potient.physicion 
discussion of family planning methods. The 
booklet st..sses the importance to the indi. 
vidual of selecting the method that most 
suit. her religious, medical, and psychological 
needs. 


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Nurses are invited to use the coupon below 
ta order copies for use as on aid in coun- 
selling. They will be supplied by Mead John. 
son Laboratories as a free swvice. 


M8a
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54 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


films 


History of Medicine 
The Canadian Medical Association has 
prepared a special film for Canada's Cen- 
tennial year. A Century of Canadian Medicine 
(2S-minute, color, sound) depicts the pro- 
gress of medicine Over the past 100 years. 
The film demonstrates the profession's 
commitment to the improvement of the 
nation's health. The life-and-death gambles 
with diseases such as pneumonia or tuber- 
culosis in IS67 have changed to scenes 
where medication and treatment can over- 
come the infection, and life goes on with 
little interruption. Recent advances in med- 
icine and surgery have been selected to 
show lay audiences some of the results of 
medical progress, such as open-heart sur- 
gery, care of premature babies, and the 
use of physiological monitors. 
As a secondary objective, it is hoped that 
the film will stimulate recruitment of 
young people interested in and capable of 
carrying on the traditions of service and 
science. 


This centennial film would be of inter- 
est to nurses - especially useful in his- 
tory courses and as a film to recommend 
for showings to high school students. For 
information concerning its use, write to 
The Secretary, Public Relations, Canadian 
Medical Association, 150 St. George Street, 
Toronto 5, Ontario. 


Through the Eyes of the Patient 
An unusual and excelIent teaching film, 
Candidate for a Stroke, has recently been 
added to the lists of films available from 
the Canadian Heart Foundation. In this 
film the audience sees the world as through 
the eyes of a man having a mild stroke. 
Diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation are 
all seen as though the audience was the 
patient. The film also concludes with the 
steps necessary to reduce the risk factors 
that lead to a cerebrovascular accident. 
This IS-minute, black-and-white, sound 
film would be valuable as a teaching aid 
in medical-surgical nursing. It may be 
borrowed from the Canadian Heart Found- 
ation, 1130 Bay St., Toronto 5, Ontario. 


Dangers of Superficial Relationships 
The Special Universe of Walter Krolik, 
a new, 2S-minute, color, sound film, pre- 
sents a patient-family story. The film was 
intended primarily for a nursing audience 
and is not suitable for a lay group. It dis- 
cusses the outcome of nurse-patient relation- 
ships when a response is made to super- 
ficial needs without an assessment of un- 
derlying needs. In this film, nurses appear 
FEBRUARY 1967 



films 


to be winning the battles and losing the 
war. 
The film would be an excellent teaching 
tool in schools of nursing, or in continuing 
education programs for graduates. It is 
directly concerned with the patient v.:ith 
tuberculosis, but many of the concepts 
are applicable to any chronic or continuing 
patient care. 
The film was prepared in the United 
States and was co-sponsored by the Na- 
tional Tuberculosis Association, the Nur- 
sing Advisory Service on Tuberculosis and 
Other Respiratory Diseases, and the ANA- 
NLN Film Service. It was made possible by 
a grant from the American Contract Bridge 
League Foundation. It may be borrowed 
from your local branch of the Canadian 
Tuberculosis Association. 


Excellent for Adolescents 
An excellent motion picture on growth 
and development for adolescent and teen- 
age girls has been produced by Churchill 
Films. Girl to Woman is a scientific and 
authoritative treatment of the sensitive 
subject of puberty, and is produced under 
medical and psychiatric supervision. Ex- 
tensive animation is used to show the 
female reproductive system and the tur- 


Nursing Studies Index 


A reVISion of the Canadian 
Nurses' Association Nursing Studies 
Index, first issued in 1964, is in 
preparation. If you know of any 
studies, i.e., masters and doctoral 
theses and studies by government 
organizations and institutions, 
which have been completed be- 
tween 1964 and 1966, or any prior 
to 1964 that were missed in the 
first issue, please notify the libra- 
rian, Canadian Nurses' Association, 
50 The Driveway, Ottawa. The 
only criteria is that the study be on 
some aspect of concern to nursing 
in Canada, or, in the case of theses, 
be conducted by a Canadian nurse. 


Also, the library is hoping to have 
as many copies as possible of the 
studies listed in the index in the 
CNA repository collection of nurs- 
ing studies. If you have only one 
copy of your study, please lend 
it to us with permission to xerox. 


FEBRUARY 1967 


bulent changes that take place during and 
after puberty. 
The film is a companion to Boy To Man, 
released a few years ago, which has re- 
mained the most authoritative film in its 
field. It would be valuable for use in schools 
as well as a teaching tool for nurses. 
The film is in color, and runs 16 minutes. 
It may be borrowed from the Canadian 
Film Institute, 1762 Carling Ave., Ot- 
taWa 13. A small rental fee is charged. 


accession list 


Publications in this list of material re- 
ceived recently in the CNA library are 
shown in language of source. The majority 
(reference material and theses. indicated by 
R, excepted) may be borrowed by CNA 
members, and by libraries of hospitals and 
schools of nursing and other institutions. 
Requests for loans should be made on the 
"Request Form for Accession List" (page 
57) and should be addressed to: The Li- 
brary, Canadian Nurses' Association. 50 
The Driveway. Ottawa 4. Ontario. 


BOOKS AND DOCUMENTS 
I. L'automation par Louis SalJeron. 4. éd. 
Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 
1965. 125p. (Que sais-je? no. 723.) 


2. Canadian annual revieK for 1965. 
Edited by John Saywell. Toronto. Univ. of 
Toronto Press. 1966. 569p. 
3. Canadian unil'ersities and colleges /966. 
ed. by Edward Sheffield and Rosalind J. 
Murray. Ottawa. Association of Universities 
and Colleges, 1966. 335p. 
4. Communication and public relations 
by Edward J. Robinson. Columbus, Ohio, 
Charles E. Merril Books, c1966. 618p. 
5. Continuing professional educational 
lIeeds of supervisory personnel in the nursinl! 
service and nursing education; a survey of 
Pennsylvania hospitals by Sammuel S. Du- 
bin and H. LeRoy Marlow. University Park, 
Penn., Pennsylvania State Univ., 1965. 65p. 
6. La cybernétique par Louis Couffignal. 
Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 1963. 
125p. (Que sais-je? no. 638.) 
7. The determination and measurement of 
supervisory training needs of hospital per- 
sonnel; a survey of Pennsylvania hospitals 
by Samuel S. Dubin and H. LeRoy Marlow. 
University Park. Penn.. Pennsylvania State 
Univ., 1965. I32p. 
8. Documents fondamentaux; statuts et 
règlement directives règlements intérieur 
pour les séances par Conseil International 
des Infirmières. London. 1966. 47p. 
9. Dotation en personnel des services in- 
firmiers de santé publique et de soins au.\' 
malades non hospitalisés. Méthodes d'étude. 
par Doris E. Roberts. Genève, Organisation 
mondiale de la Santé. 1965. I IIp. 


.;: 
. -
 

:::

-
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--
- -
--- 

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ostomy 
anatomical 
demonstrator 


"MINI-GUIDE" 


" 
M\lPI!:. -\..'^TUM"'Y 
o 
..... ",.
 
\0 ""./' 
"Mini-Guide" allows you to visually and 
graphically perform Colostomy, Ileostomy I1eal- 
Bladder, Wet Colostomy and Cutaneous Ureterostomy 
surgery. 
As an instructor, you are afforded a simple, effective method of teac
ing th
 surgical 
mechanics and organs involved in ostomy surgery; as a student, you Immedmtely see 
and understand the procedures o
 ostomy surg
ry; and 
s a nurse. you have the per- 
fect vehicle for visual demonstratIons to the patient who IS to undergo ostomy surgery. 
The "Mini-Guide" anatomical demonstrator is priced at $1.00 on this money-back 
offer 746 CN. 



, 
'
Jf:"- 
T..JÑJT
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f1GJCAL 


PORT CHESTER . NEW YORK 


THE CANADIAN NURSE SS 



Next Month 
in 


The 
Canadian 
Nurse 


. Nursing 
in the 
north 


. Changes 
in nursing 
education in 
Saskatchewan 


. RN employed 
at a 
veterinary 
college 


ð 

 


Photo credits 


Expo 67, p. 7 


Globe and Mail, p. 13 


USSR Embassy, pp. 27, 29, 32 


Dept. of National Health and 
Welfare, p. 42 


56 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


accession list 


10. L'équilibre .
ympathique par Paul 
Chauchard. Paris. Presses Universitaires de 
France, 1961. 128p. (Que sais-je? no. 565.) 
I 1. Factors affectin!? the eSlllblishment of 
associate degree programs in nursing in 
community junior colleges by Mildred S. 
Schmidt. New York, National League for 
Nursing, 1966. 128p. 
12. Final report on draft legislation pre- 
pared jor the New Brunswick Association 
of Registered Nurses by Alan M. Sinclair. 
Fredericton, 1966. Iv. 
13. Governments and the university by 
York University. Toronto, MacMillan, 1966. 
92 p. (The Frank Gerstein lectures, 1966). 
14. L'hérédité humaine par Jean Ros- 
tand. 6.éd. Paris, Presses Universitaires de 
France, 1965. 126p. (Que sais-je? no.550.) 
15. History of the school for nurses To- 
ronto General Hospital by Margaret Isabel 
Lawrence (ed). Toronto, Alumni Associa- 
tion, 193 I. 63p. 
16. Nursing studies index, mi. 3, 1950- 
1956 prepared under Virginia Henderson. 
Philadelphia, Lippincott, 1966. 653p. R 
17. La projession d'infirmière en France, 
2éd. par Revue de I'Infirmière et de l'As- 
sistante Sociale. Paris, Expansion Scienti- 
fique français, 1962. 377p. 
18. Report on action prepared for the 
New Brunswick Association of Registered 
Nurses by Katherine MacLaggan. Frederic- 
ton, 1966. 63p. 
19. Le rôle de l'infirmière dans l'action 
de santé mentale; rapport sur une confé- 
rence technique, Copen hague, 15-24, nO- 
vembre 196( par Audrey L. John et al. 
Genève, Organisation mondiale de la Santé, 
1965. 214p. 
20. A series of papers presented at the 
1965 regional clinical conferences sponsored 
by the American Nurses' Association, New 
York, 1966. 6v. Contents. -1. Nursing 
practice. -2. Medical-surgical nursing prac- 
tice. -3. Maternal and child health nursing 
practice. --4. Psychiatric nursing practice. 
-5. Public health nursing practice. -6. 
Geriatric nursing practice. 
21. Les services injirmiers de santé pu- 
blique; problèmes et perspectives par Or- 
ganisation mondiale de la Santé. Genève. 
1961. 208p. 
22. The sister as a clinical specialist by 
Sister Leon Douville and Sister Marilyn 
Emminger. St. Louis, Conference of Catho- 
lic Schools of Nursing, 1966. 126p. Q 
23. A survey to determine the nursing 
care needs of patients in certain standard 
welfare wards (indigent) of the Ottawa Civic 
Hospial following their discharge from the 
hospital by Muriel V. Lowry. Ottawa, 1962. 
51p. 
24. Le système nerveux par Paul Chau- 
chard. 10.éd. Paris, Presses Universitaires de 
france, 1966. 128p. (Que sais-je? no. 8.) 


25. Les testes mentaux par Pierre Pichot. 
Paris. Presses Universitaires de France, 
1965. 126p. (Que sais-je ? no. 626.) 


PAMPHLETS 
26. Book and joumal serl'ices for doctors 
and nurses. An interim report on a National 
Book League investigation by J.E. Mor- 
purgo. London. N uffield Provincial Hospi- 
tals Trust. 1966. 41 p. 
27. A brief to the .relect committee oj the 
New Brunswick legislature on the labour 
relations act. Fredericton, New Brunswick 
Association of Registered Nurses, 1966. 
28. Directory of Canadians with service 
overseas, 1966. Ottawa. Overseas Institute 
of Canada, 1966. 478p. 
29. A guide for the nursing service audil 
by Sister Mary Helen Louise Dee1dn. St. 
Louis, Catholic Hospital Association, 1960. 
26p. 
30. A guide for the ulilizalion oj per- 
sonnel supportive of public health nursing 
service.r. New York, American Nurses' As- 
sociation, Public Health Nurses Section. 
1966. 12p. 
31. Guiding principles for the develop- 
ment oj programs in educational institutions 
leading to a diploma in nur.ring. Ottawa, 
Canadian Nurses' Association, 1966. lip. 
32. An index of care by J.A.K. MacDon- 
nell and G.B. Murray. Ottawa, Medical 
Services J. 31:499-517, Sep. 1965. Reprint. 
33. Major official policies relating to the 
economic security program. Rev. New York, 
Amerioan Nurses' Association, 1965. 14p. 
34. NLN accreditation-community nursinl? 
services; guide to preparing a report for 
evaluation for preliminary accreditation. 
New York. National League for Nursing. 
Department of Public Health Nursing, 1966. 
9p. 
35. The planning and organization of 
medical book and journal services in region- 
al hospitals. A National Book League guide 
for librarians. London, Nuffield Provincial 
Hospitals Trust. 1966. 34p. 
36. Principes directeurs de la mise au 
point de programmes dans les maisons d'en- 
seignement. en vue de diplôme en sciences 
infirmières. Ottawa, Association des In fir- 
mières canadiennes, 1966. 12p. 
37. Recommendation jrom the Associa- 
tion of Nurses of Prince Edward Island re- 
garding medical procedures carried out by 
nurses. Fredericton, n.d. 2p. 
38. Seeking foundation funds by David 
M. Church. New York, National Public 
Relations Council of Health and Welfare 
Services, Inc., c1966. 39p. 
39. Statement relative to the national 
labor-management relations act, 1947, May 
7, 1963. New York, American Nurses' As- 
sociation, 1963. lOp. 
40. Statistical data associate degree pro- 
grams in nursing 1966. New York, Natioool 
League for Nursing. Dept. of Associate De- 
gree Programs, 1966, 8p. 
41. Suggested design guidelines for nur- 


FEBRUARY 1967 



fare. Public Health Service. Administrative 
æpects 0/ hospital central medical and surg- 
ical supply senoices. Washington, 1966. 37p. 
48. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel- 
fare. Public Health Service. Estimating the 
cost of illness by Dorothy P. Rice. Washing- 
ton, 1966. 131p. 
49. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel- 
fare. Public Health Service. A manual for 
hospital central medical and surgical supply 
services. Washington, 1966. 106p. 
50. Dept. of Labour. Bureau of Labour 
Statistics. Major collective bargaining agree- 
ments; arbitration procedures. Washington. 
U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1966. 167p. 
51. Dept. of Labour. Bureau of Labour 
Statistics. Major collective bargaining agree- 
ments; management rights and union- 
management co-operation. Washington, U.S. 
Govt. Print. Off., 1966. 69p. 
52. Dept. of Labour. Women's Bureau. 
Handbook on women workers 1960. Wa- 
shington. U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1960. Iv. 
53. Dept. of Labour. Women's Bureau. 
Nurses and other hospital personnel; their 
earnings and employment conditions. Re- 
printed with supplement. Washington, U.S. 
GOVI. Print. Off., 1961. 41p. 


A.) - Toronto. R 
55. The historical dnelopment of one 
aspect of curriculum development in nursing 
education by Sister Marie Bonin. Washing- 
ton, 1965. Thesis (M.Sc.N.) - 1965. R 
56. Methods of evaluating the senoice of 
professional nursing students in selected 
schools of nursing by Margaret Mary Street, 
Boston, 1961. 105p. Thesis (M.Sc.N.) - 
Boston. R 
57. The preparation of survey schedules 
for the selection of the facilities in three 
Canadian provinces for the organization of 
a collegiate program in nursing by Sister 
Jeanne Forest. Washington, 1945. Thesis 
(M.Sc.N.Ed.) - Catholic Univ. of America. 
108p. R 
58. Relationship between achie
'ement in 
high school and achievement on the exa- 
minations for admission to practice nursing 
in Canada by Sister Claire Jeannatte. Wash- 
ington, 1965. Thesis (M.Sc.N.) - Catholic 
Univ. of America. 44p. R 
59. A study of the educational value 0/ 
a learning experience in a rural hospital 
setting by Sister Marguerite Letourneau. 
Washington, 1963. Thesis (M.Sc.N.) - 
Catholic Univ. of America. 89 p. R 
60. A study of performance on pre-en- 
trance tests and examinations for admission 
10 practice and the relationship between 
these tests by Sister Jeannette Gagnon. 
Washington. 1963. Thesis (M.A.) - Catho- 
lic Univ. of America. 54p. R 


accession list 


sing education facilities; schools of nursing. 
Toronto. Ontario Hospital Services Com- 
mission. 1966. 5p. 
42. Sun'ey of employment conditions of 
nurses employed by physicians and for 
dentists, July 1964. New York, American 
Nurses' Association. Research and Statistics 
Unit, 1965. 24p. 


GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS 
Canada 
43. Dept. of Labour. Labour-Management 
Co-operation Service. Labour management 
Committee material, order book. Ottawa. 
Queen's Printer, 1966. 3Op. 
44. Dominion Bureau of Statistics. Census 
of Canada 1961. General review. Housing 
in Canada. Ottawa, Queen's Priner, 1966. 
79p. 
45. Parliament. House of Commons. Bill 
C-170; an act respecting employer and em- 
ployee relations in the Public Service of 
Canada. Ottawa. 1966. 53p. 
Nova Scotia 
46. Dept. of Labour. Economics and Re- 
search Division. Wage rates and hours of 
labour in Nova Scotia. Halifax. 1966, 226p. 
United States 
47. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel- 


STUDIES DEPOSITED IN CNA REPOSITORY 
COLLECTION. 
54. An enquiry into the need lor conti- 
nuing education for registered nurses in 
the prm'ince of Ontario by M. Josephine 
Flaherty. Toronto. 1965. 176p. Thesis (M. 


Request Form 
for "Accession List" 
CANADIAN NURSES' 
ASSOCIATION LIBRARY 


++++++++++ 
++++++++++ 
++
.+++++++ 
++

++++++ 
++++'++++++ 
++++++++++ 
++++++++++ 
+++++ 


Send to: 
LIBRARIAN, Canadian Nurses' Association, 
50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario. 
Please lend me the following publications, listed in the 
..... ........ issue of The Canadian Nurse, 
or add my name to the waiting list to receive them when 
available. 
Item Author Short title (for identification) 
No. 


Tums 
consume 
93 times their 
own weight 
in excess 
stomach 
acid! 


Laboratory tests show Tums neu- 
tralize 93 times their own weight 
in excess stomach acids, and that 
they maintain a balanced level for 
long periods, too. Turns go to work 
in 4 seconds on gas, heartburn and 
indigestion. And they taste pleas- 
antly minty, need no water and 
cost so very little. Those are the 
facts. So next time your tummy 
gives you a turn, give Tums a try. 
They're worth their weight in gold ! 
4llO
$.
 


Request for loans will be filled in order of receipt 
Reference and restricted material must be used in the 
CNA library. 
Borrower 


Position 


Address .. 


Date requested .. 


think how fast they'll work 
on your tummy upsets! 
FEBRUARY 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 57 



classified advertisements 


I I 


I 
I 


ALBERTA 


BRITISH COLUMBIA 


NIGHT SUPERVISOR, R.N. AND MEDICAL HEAD 
NURSE for 9O-bed octive treatment hospital in the 
City of Wetoskiwin, situated midway between Ed. 
monton and Red Deer. Residence accommodation 
available, excellent salary ranges and fringe benefits 
in effect, as well as payment for prior experience. 
Apply to: Director of Nursing, Municipal Hospital, 
Wetaskiwin, Alberta. 1.96-1 
Regiltered Nurse. far new SO.bed active treatment 
hospital, situated only 15 miles from Edmonton. 
Salary $360 - $420 per month. Recognition given for 
previous experience Excellent personnel policies and 
working conditions. For further information please 
write to: Miss M. Macintosh, R.N., Director of 
Nursing, Fort Saskatchewan General Hospital, Box 
12 70, fort Sask a tchewan, Alberta. 1-39-2 
Regist.r.d Nurses (5) required (summer relief or per- 
manent posts) for May 1967. The Peace River Municipal 
Hospital, Alberta, was built 5 years ago and has a 
complement of 70 beds. Starting salary for 1966 
$370. New salary scales expected for 1967. Peace 
River is a progressive town and a beauty spot on the 
Prairies. Apply to: The Director of Nursing for fuller 
particulars. Peace River, Municipal Hospital, Peace 
River, Alberta. 1-69-1 
Registered Nunes and Certified Nursing Aides for 
17-bed hospital. Salary for Graduate Nurses basic 
$400 to $460. Certified Nursing Aides $240 to $280 
with credit for previoue experience. Full maintenance 
available at $35 per month. Apply to: Miss A. Nun. 
weiler, Director of Nursing, Oyen Municipal Hospital, 
Oyen, Alberta. Telephone: 664-3 553 1-68-1 
General Duty Nurses (2) for a modern general 30- 
bed hospital. East Central Alberta Highwoy 12. 
Salary according to experience. vearly increments. 
AARN personnel policies. Apply to: Sister Adminis- 
trator, Our Lady of the Rosary Hospital, Castor, 
Alberta. 1-19-1 


ADVERTISING 
RATES 


FOR All 


CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING 


$10.00 for 6 lines or less 
$2.00 for each additional line 


Rates for display 
advertisements on request 


Closing date for copy and cancellation is 
6 weeks prior to 1st day of publication 
month. 
The Canadian Nurses' Association has 
not yet reviewed the personnel policies 
of the hospitals and agencies advertising 
In the Journal. For authentic information, 
prospective applicants should apply to 
the Registered Nurses' ASsociation of the 
ProvInce in which they are interested 
in working. 


Address correspondence to: 


The 
Canadian ð 
Nurse v 


50 THE DRIVEWAY 
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO. 


58 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


I I 


ALBERTA 


REGISTERED NURSES fOR GENERAL DUTY (WANTED) 
for a 37-bed General Hospital. Salary $380 - $440 
per month. Commencing with $375 with 1 year and 
$390 with 3 years. practical experience elsewhere. 
Full maintenance available at $35 per month. Pen- 
sion plan available, train fare from any point in 
Canada will be refunded after 1 year emplovment. 
Hospital located in a town of 1,100 population, 85 
miles from Capital City on a paved highway. 
Apply to: Two Hills Municipal Ho.pital, Two Hills, 
Alberta. 1-88-1 


NURSES fOR GENERAL DUTY in active 30-bed hospital, 
recently constructed building. Town on main line of 
the C.P.R. and on Number 1 highway, midway 
between the cities of Calgary and Medicine Hat. 
Nurses on staff must be willing and able to take re- 
sponsibility in all departments of nursing, with the 
exceptions of the Operating Room. Recently renovated 
nurses' residence with all single rooms situated on 
hospital grounds. Apply to: Mrs. M. Hislop, Adminis- 
trator and Director of Nursing, Bassano General Hos- 
pital, Bassano. Alberta. 1-5-1 


General Duty Nurses for an active accredited well 
equipped 64.bed hospital in a growing town, popu- 
lotion 3,500. Centrally located between maior cities. 
Full maintenance available in a new residence, $35.00 
per month. Alberta Registered Nurses salary $360.00 
- $420.00, commensurate with experience. Excellent 
personnel policies and working conditions. Apply: 
Director of Nursing, Brooks General Hospitol, Brooks, 
Alberta. 1-13-1 A 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES for modern 25-bed hos- 
pital on Highwoy No. 12, East-Central Alberta. 
Salary range $380 to $440. (including a regionol 
differential). New staff residence. Full maintenance 
$35. Personnel policies as per AARN. Apply to the: 
Director of Nursing, Coronation Municipal Hospital. 
Coronotion, Alberta. Tel.: 578-3803. 1-25-IB 
GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 64-bed, active treatment 
hospital, 35 miles South of Calgary. Salary range 
$360 - $420. Living accommodation available in 
separate residence if desired. Full maintenance in 
residence $35 per month. 30 days paid vacation after 
12 months employment. Please apply to: The Director 
of Nursing, High River Municipal Hospital, H
gh 
River, Alberta. 1-46-1 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Modern 26-bed hospital 
close to Edmonton. 3 buses daily. Salary $360.00 to 
$420.00 per month commensurate with experience. 
Residence available $35.00 per month. Excellent 
personnel policies. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Mayerthorpe Municipal Hospital, Moyerthorpe, Al- 
berta. 1-61-1 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 94-bed General Hospital 
located in Alberta's unique Dinosaur Badlands. $360 
- $420 per month, 40 hour week, 31 days vacation, 
pension, Blue Cross, M.S.I. and generous sick time. 
Apply to: Miss M. Hawkes, Director of Nursing, Drum- 
heller General Hospital, Drumheller, Alberta. 1-31-2 A 


General Duty Nurses and Certified Nursing Aides for 
modern combined active treatment and Auxiliary 
Hospital. Salary starts at $355 and $240 respectively. 
Liberal personnel policies. accommodation available. 
Located in Southern Alberta close to U. S. boundary 
and Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park. The 
61-bed combined hospital serves the town and area of 
approximately 6,000 population with all services. 
Apply to: The Director of Nursing, Cardston Municipal 
Hospital, Box 310, Cardston, Alberta. 1-17-1 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES (6) and CERTifiED NURS- 
ING AIDES for modern 72-bed hospital. Salary $355 
and $240 respectively; credit for experience; liberal 
policies. Accommodation available. Apply to: Ad- 
ministrator, Providence Hospital, High Prairie, Al- 
berta. 1-45- I 


BRITISH COLUMBIA 


Operating Raam Heod Nurse ($464. $552), Generol 
Duty Nunes (B.C. Registered $405 - $481, non-RegIS- 
tered $390) for fully accredited 113-bed hospital in 
N.W. B.C. Excellent fishing, skiing, skating, curling 
and bowling. Hot springs swimming nearby. Nurses' 
residence, room $20 per month. Cafeteria meals. 
Apply: Director of Nursing, Kitimat General Hospital, 
Kitimat, British Columbia. 2-36-1 


Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, B.C., invites B.C. 
Registered Nur.es (ar tho.. eligible) to apply for 
pOlitions in Medicine, Surgery and Psychiatry. Apply 
to: Director of Nursing. Victoria, British Columbia. 
2.76-4A 


B_C. R.N. far Generol Duty in 32 bed General Hospi- 
tal. RNABC 1967 salary rate $390 - $466 and fringe 
benefits, modern, comfortable, nurses' residence in 
attractive community close to Vancouver, B.C. For 
application form wtlte: Director of Nursing, Fraser 
Canyon Hos pital, R. R. I, Hope, B.L 2-30.1 
GENERAL DUTY NURSES (Twa) for active 66-bed 
hospital, with new hospital to open in 1968 
Active in-service programme. Salary range $372 to 
$444 per month. Personnel policies according to 
current RNABC contract. Hospital situated in beauti- 
ful East Kootenays of British Columbia, with swim- 
ming, golfing and skiing facilities readily availab:e. 
Apply to: The Director of Nursing, St. Eugene Hos- 
pital, Cranbrook, British Columbia. 2-15-1 
General Duty Nurses for active 3D-bed hospital. 
RNABC policies and schedules in effect, also North- 
ern allowance. Accommodations available in res- 
Idence. Apply: Direc.tor of Nursing, General Hospital, 
fort Nelson, Bntl,h Columbia. 2-23-1 
General Duty Nurses for new 30-bed hospital 
located in excellent recreational area. Salary ond 
personnel policies in accordance with RNABC. Com. 
fortable Nurses' home. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Boundary Hospital, Grand Forks, British Columbia. 
2-27.2 


General Duty Nurse. (2 immediately) for active. 
26-bed hospital in the heart of the Rocky Mountains, 
90 miles from Banff and Lake Louise. Accommodo- 
tion available in attractive nurses' residence. Apply 
giving full details of training, experience, etc. to: 
Administrator, Windermere District Hospital, Inver- 
mere, Brit ish Columbia. 2-31-1 
General Duty Nurscs for new 37-bed hospital. 
Located in Southwest British Columbia. Salary and 
personnel policies in accordance with RNABC. $390 
to $466. Accommodation available in residence. Apply 
to: Director of Nursing. Nicola Valley General Hos 
pital, Box 129, Merrill, British Columbia. 2-41-1 
Generol Duty Nurses for well-equipped 80.bed Gener- 
al Hospital in beautiful inland Valley adjacent Lake 
v.:athlyn and Hudson Bay Glacier. Initial sa lory $387. 
Maintenance $60, 40 hour 5 day week. vacation with 
pay, comfortable. attractive nurses' residence. 
Sooting, fishing, swimming, golfing, curling, skating, 
skiing. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Bulkley Valley 
District Hospital, P.O. Box No. 370, Smithers, British 
Columbia. 2-67-1 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES Salary - non B.C 
registerea $375 per month - B.L registered $390. 
$466, depending on experience. RNABC policies i" 
effect. Nurses' residence available. Group Medical 
Health Plan. All winter and summer sports. Apply: 
Director of Nursing, Cariboo Memorial Hospital. Wil 
Iiams Lake, British Columbia. 2-80-1 A 


General Duty O. R. and experienced Obstetrical 
Nurses for modern, 150-bed hospital located in the 
beautiful Fraser ValleYa Personnel policies in ac- 
cordance with RNABC. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Chilliwack General Hospital, Chilliwack, British Co 
lumbia. 2-13-1 


General Duty and Operating Room Nurses far 70-bed 
Acute General Hospital on Pocific Coast. B.C. Regis 
tered $390 - $466 per month (Credit for experience) 
Non B.L Registered $375 - Practical Nurses B.L LI 
censed $273 - $311 per month. Non Registered $253- 
$286 per month. Board $20 per month, room $5.00 per 
month. 20 paid holidays per year and 10 statutory 
holidays after 1 year. Fare paid from Vancouver. 
Superannuation and medical plans. Apply: Director of 
Nursing. St. George's Hospital, Albert Bay, Britis'" 
Columbia. 2-2-1 A 


General Duty, Operating Room and Experienced 
Obstetricol Nurse. for 434-bed hospital with school 
of nursing. Salary: $372.$444. Credit for post ex- 
perience and postgraduate training. 40.hr. wk. Stat 
utory holidays. Annual increments; cumulative lick 
leave; pension plan; 28-daYI annual vacation; B.C- 
registration required. .Apply: Director. of Nurs.i':lg. 
Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, Bfltll
 
Columbia. 2-73-13 


Groduote Nune. for 31-bed hospital on B.L Coast 
Salary $372 for B. C. Registered Nurses plus $I
 
northern living allowance. Personnel policies in 
accordance with RNABC. Travel from Vancouver 
refunded after 6 mos. Apply: Administrat.jr, General 
Hospital, Ocean falls, British Columbia. 2-49-1 
GRADUATE NURSES for 24.bed hospital, 35-mi. from 
Vancouver, on coast, salary and personnel proc- 
tices in accord with RNABC. Accommodation availa. 
ble. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital, 
Squamilh, British Columbia. 2-68.' 


FEBRUARY 1967 



BRITISH COLUMBIA 


General Duty and Op.rating Room Nunes for 
modern 450-bed hospital with School of Nursing. 
RNABC policies in effect. Credit for past experience 
and postgraduate training. British Columbia registra- 
tion required. For particulars write to: the Director of 
Nursing Service, St. Joseph's Hospital, Victoria, British 
Columbia. 2-76-5 


GRADUATE NURSES for busy 21-bed general hospital 
preferably with obstetrical experience. Friendly at- 
mosphere, beautiful beaches, local curl ing club. 
Own room and board $40 month. Basic salary $357 
or $372 plus recognition for post graduate ex- 
perience. Apply Matron, Tofino General Hospital, 
Tofino, Vancouver Island, B_ C 2-71-1 


MANITOBA 


Director 0' Nurs.. for up-fa-date 38-bed hospital. 
New nurses' residence of 196.4 has separate nurses 
suite available. Sick leave, pension plan and other 
fringe benefits available. Personnel policies will be 
sent on request. Enquiries should include experience, 
qualifications and salary expected, and should be 
addressed to: Mr. O. Hamm, Administrator, Altona 
Hospital District No. 24, Box 660, Allona, Manitoba. 
3-1-1 


RegIstered Nurses (2) for 50-bed General Hospital in 
Fort Churchill, Manitoba. Slarting salary $470 per 
month with higher 1967 schedule effective January 1. 
Train fare from Winnipeg refunded after six months 
service, and return fare refunded after one year 
service. Apply to: Director of Nursing. For 
Churchill General Hospital, Fort Churchill, Mani- 
toba. 3-75-1 


Regislered Nurses (2) for 10-bed hospital 01 Fisher 
Branch. Manitoba. Starting salary $400/m. Duties to 
commence as soon as possible. Residence accom- 
modation available. For further information and ap- 
plication forms. apply to: Matron, Fisher Branch 
Hospital, Fisher Branch, Manitoba. 2-23-2 


Registered Nurse' for 18-bed hospital at Vita Manitoba, 
70 miles from Winnipeg. Daily bus service. Salary 
range $380 - $440, with allowance for experience. 
40 hour weeK, 10 statutory holidays, 4 weeks paid 
"acation after one year. Full maintenance available 
for $50 per monlh. Apply: Malron, Vita Districl 
Hospital, Vita, Manitoba. 3-68-1 


Registered Nurses and licensed Practical Nurses for 
232-bed Children's Hospital, with school of nursing; 
active teaching center. Positions available on all 
services. Apply: Director of Nursing, Children's Hos- 
pital, Winnipeg 3, Manitoba. 3-72- 1 


Registered Nurse for General Duty in 20-bed hospital. 
Salary range $380 - $440 per month to be increased 
Jan. 1, 1967. Room and board available 01 $55.50 
per month. Generous personnel policies. Full details 
ovailable on request. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Reston Community Hospital, Reston, Man. 3-46-2 


General Duty Nurses for 100-bed active treatment hos- 
pital. Fully accredited. 50 miles from Winnipeg on 
Trans Canada Highway. Apply: Director of Nursing 
Service. Portage District General Hospital, Portage La 
Prairie, Monitoba. 3-45-1 


NOVA SCOTIA 


REGISTERED NURSES for 53-bed medium and long- 
term active treatment hospital in a progressive city. 
Particulars on request. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Holifax Civic Hospital, 5938 University Avenue, Hali- 
fax, Nova Scotia. 6-17-10 A 


Registered Nurse. for 21.bed hospilal in pleasant 
community - Eastern Shore of Nova Scotia. Apply: 
Superintendent, Eastern Shore Memorial Hospital. 
Sheet Harbour, Nova Scotia. 6-32- 1 


ONTARIO 


Co-ordinator of Clinical Nursing Studies in the 
Bachelor of Science in Nursing Course: The School 
of Nursing, McMaster University, invites applications 
from persons with advanced qualifications in clinical 
nursing. The position is open for the 1967-1968 
session, with duties commencing July 1967. Please 
apply sending curriculum vitae and two references 
to: Director, School of Nursing, McMaster University, 
Hamilton, Ontario. 7-55-15 


FEBRUARY 1%7 


I I 


ONTARIO 


Registered Nurse, for 34.bed hospital, min. salary 
$387 with regular annual increments to maximum 
of $462. 3-wk. vacation with pay; sick leave after 
6-mo. service. All Staff 5 day 4()'hr. wk., 9 
statutory holidays, pension plan and other benefits 
Apply to: Superintendent, Englehart & District Hos 
pital, Englehart, Ontario. 7-40-t 


Registered Nurses. Applications and enquiries are 
invited for general duty positions on the staff of the 
Manitouwadge General Hospital. Excellent so lory 
and fringe benefits. liberal policies regarding ac. 
commodation and vacation. Modern well-equipped 
33-bed hospital in new mining town, about 250-mi. 
east of Port Arthur and north-west of White River, 
Ontario Pop. 3,500. Nurses' residence comprises indiA 
v
dual self-contained opts. Apply, stating qualifica. 
tions, experience, age, marital status, phone number, 
etc. to the Administrator, General Hospital, Mani
 
touwadge, Ontario. Phone 826-3251 7-74-1 A 


Registered Nurses: Applications are invited for Gener 
01 Duty Staff Nurses; Gross salary range: $362 to 
$422. Supervisory advancement opportunities. Resident 
accommodations avaitable; Hospital situated in tourist 
tawn off Lake Huron. For further information write: 
Superintendent, Saugeen Memorial Hospital, South- 
ampton, Ontario. 7-122-1 


Registered Nurses for 35-bed active treatment hospital, 
35 miles north east of Toronto, Ontario. Minimum 
salary $355 per month, and annual increments. Per
 
sonnel policies including, Medical, O.H.S.C.. weekly 
Indemnity Insurance, Ontario Hospital Pension Plan, 
and Group Life Insurance shared by the hospital, plus 
other benefils_ Apply 10: The Superintendent, The 
Collage Hospital (Uxbridge), Uxbridge, Ontano. 
7.135-1 


Registered Nurses for 18-bed (expanding to 36 bed) 
General Hospital in Mining and Resort town of 5,000 
people. Beautifully located on Wawa Lake, 140 miles 
north of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Wide variety of 
summer and winter sports including swimming, boat. 
ing, fishing, golfing, skating, curling and bowling. 
Six churches of different faiths. Salaries comporable 
with all northern hospitals. limited bed and board 
available at reasonable rate. Excellent personnel 
policies, pleasant working conditions. Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, The Lady Dunn General Hospifal, 
Box 179, Wawa, Ontario_ 7-140-1 B 


Registered Nunes and Registered Nursing AsslstanlS. 
for lOO-bed General Hospital, situated in northern 
Ontario. Starting salary, Registered Nurses $390 per 
month. Registered Nursing Assistants $273 per month, 
shift differential, annual increment, 40 hour week. 
O. H. A. pension plan and group life insurance. 
O. H. S_ C. and P. S. I. plans in effect_ Accommoda 
tion available in residence if desired. For full par- 
tkulors apply: The Director of Nurses, Lady Minto 
Hospital, Cochrc.ne, Ontario. 7-30- 1 A 


Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 
are invited to make opplicotion to our 75-bed. 
.nodern General Hospital. You wHi be in the Vaca 
tionland of the North, midway between the Lakehead 
and Winnipeg, Manitoba. Basic salories are $371 
and $259, with yearly increments. Write or phone: 
The Director of Nursing, Dryden District General 
Hospital, DRYDEN, Ontario. 7-26-IA 


REGISTERED NURSES AND REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS (IMMEDIATELY) for a new 40-bed hos- 
pital with nurses' residence. Nurses - minimum salary 
$387 plus experience allowance, 3 semi-annual incre- 
menls of $10 each. R_N.A:s . $270 plus experience 
allowance, 2 onnual increments of $10 each. Reply to: 
The Director of Nursing, Geraldton District Hospital, 
Geraldlon, Ontario. 7-50-1 


Registered Nunes and Registered Nursing Assistants 
for 160-bed accredited hospitaL Starting salary $415 
and $285 respectively with regular annual incre- 
ments for botn. Excellent personnel policies. Resid. 
ence accommodation avo ilable. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Kirkland & District Hospilal, Kirkland Lake, 
Ontario. 7-67.1 


Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 
for 123-bed accredited hospital. Starting salary $400 
and $255 respectively with regular increments for 
both. Usual fringe benefits. For full information, 
apply to: Director of Nursing, Dufferin Area Hos- 
pital, Orangeville, Ontario. Phone 941-2410_ 7-90-1 


Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants: 
Applications are invited from R. N's and R. N. Ass'ts. 
who are interested in returning to "nursing at the 
bedside" in a well-equipped General Hospital. Excel. 
lent starting salaries and fringe benefits now. Further 
increase January 1. 1967. Residence accommodation if 
desired. For full particulars write to: Director of 
Nursing, Sioux Lookout General Hospital, P. O. Box 
909, Sioux Lookout, Ontario. 7-119-1 A 


I I 


ONTARIO 


Registered or Graduate Nurses, required for modern 
92-bed hospital. Residence accommodation $20 month- 
ly. Overseas nurses VI. elcome. lovely old Scottish 
Town near Ottowa. Apply: Director of Nursing, The 
Great War Memorial Hospital, Perth, Ontario. 7-100-2 


Registered Nurses for General Duty in well.equipped 
2B-bed hospital, located in growing gold mining 
and tourist area, north of Kenora, Ontario. Modern 
residence with individual rooms; room, board and 
uniform laundry only $45. 40-hr. wk., no split shift, 
cumularive sick time, 8 statutory holidays and 28 
day paid vacatian after one year. Starting salary 
$400. Apply to: Matron, Margaret Cochenour Memo- 
rial Hospital, Cochenour, Ontario. 7-29-1 


Registered Nurses for General Duty and Operating 
Room, in modern 100.bed hospital, situated 40 miles 
from Ottawa. Excellent personnel policies. Residence 
accommodation available. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Smiths Falls Public Hospital, Smiths Falls, 
Ontario. 7-120-2A 


Registered Nurses for General Duty in lOO.bed hos- 
pital, located 3D-mi. from OUawa, are urgently reo 
quired. Good personnel policies, accommodation 
available in new staff residence. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, District Memorial Hospital, Winchester, On 
Iorio. 7-144.1 


Registered Nurses 'or General DUlY and Operating 
Room in modern hospital (opened in 1956). Situated 
in the Nickel Capital of the world, pop. 80,000 
people. Salary $372 per moo, with annual merit 
Increments, plLs annual bonus plan, 40.hr. wk. Recog- 
nition for experience. Good personnel pollcies_ Assist 
once with transportation can be arranged. Apply: 
Director of Nursing, Memorial Hospitol, Sudbury, 
Ontario_ 7-127-4 


General Duty Nurses for 66-bed General Hospital. 
Starting salary: $375/m. Excellent personnel policies. 
Pension plan, hfe insurance, etc., residence accom- 
modation. Only 10 min. from downtown Buffalo. 
Apply: Director of Nursing, Douglas Memorial Hos- 
pital, Fort Erie, Ontorio. 7-45-1 


General Duty Nurses for octive General 77-bed Hos- 
pital in heart of Muskoka lakes area: salary range 
$400 - 5460 with consideration for previous experience; 
excellent personnel policies and fringe benefits:nurses' 
residence availoble. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Huntsville District Memorial Hospita), Huntsville, On- 
tario_ 7-59-1 


General Duty Nurses for 100-bed modern hospital. 
Southwestern Ontorio, 32 mi. from London. Salary 
commensurate with experience and ability; $398/m 
basic solary. Pension plan. Apply giving full par- 
ticulars to: The Director of Nurses, District Memorial 
Hospilal, Tillsonburg, Ontario. 7-131-1 


General Duty Nurses, Certified Nursing Assistants & 
Operating Raam Technician (1) for new 50-bed hos. 
Pltal with modern equipment, 40.hr. wk., 8 statutory 
holidays, excellent personnel policies & opportunity 
for advancement. Tourist town on Georgian Bay. 
Good bus connections to Toronto. Apply to: Director 
of Nurses, General Hospital, Meaford, Ontario. 7-79-1 


General Staff Nurse. and Registered Nursing Assis- 
tants are required for a modern, well-equipped General 
Hospital currently expanding to 167 beds. Situated in 
a progressive community in South Western Ontario, 30 
miles from Windsor.Detroit Border. Salary scaled to 
experience and qualifications. Excellent employee 
benefits and working conditions plus an opportunity 
to work in a Patient Centered Nursing Service. Write 
for further information to: Miss Patricia McGee, B. 
Sc.N., Reg.N. Director of Nursing, Leamington District 
Memorial Hospital, Leamington, Ontario. 7-69-1 A 


OPERATING ROOM NURSES (2) for a fully ac- 
credited 70-bed General Hospital. For Operating 
Room Duty. Salary according to experience. Apply 10: 
O.R. Supervisor, penetanguishene General Hospital, 
Penetanguishene, Ontario. 7-99-2 


Public Health Nurses for generalized program. Every 
modern fringe benefit. Full credit for experience. 
Present salary range $5,030 - $6,148. Further, we 
are prepared to give consideration to any salary 
request. Apply to: E. G_ Brown, M.D., D.P.H. Direclor 
and M.O.H., Kent County Health Unit, 21 - 7th. St., 
Chatham, Ontario_ 7-24-4 


PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES (2 QUALIFIED) - Stoff 
positions ovailable in the City of Oshawa. Duties to 
commence January 3rd, 1967. Generalized program 
in an official agency. Salary $5,658 to $6,507. 
8eginning salory according to experience. liberal 
personnel policies and fringe benefits. Apply to: Mr. 
D. Murray, Personnel Officer, City Hall, 50 Centre 
Street, Oshowa, Ontario. 7-92-2 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 59 



NURSE- 
ANESTHETIST -08 


For 350 Bed Commun!ty 
Teaching Hospital, 35 mIn- 
utes from Metropolitan New 
York. 


Excellent Salary 
+ Benefits 


In-service Education 
. . 8 Paid Holidays per year 
. . Tuition Refund Program 
. . 12 Paid Sick Days 
per year 
. . Free Life and 
Disability Insurance 
. . Blue Cross Coverage 


. 


Send Resume to: 


Box CN 1433, 
125 West 41 St. 
New York NY 10036 


An Equal Opportunity 
Employer MfF 


RIVERSIDE 
HOSPITAL 
OF OTTAWA 


A new, air-conditioned 340-bed 
hospital. Applications are called 
for Nurses for the positions of: 


HEAD NURSE - Operating Room 
ASSISTANT HEAD NURSES 
GENERAL STAFF NURSES 
and 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


Address all enquiries to: 
Director of Nursing 
RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL OF OTT A W A 
1967 Riverside Drive, 
Ottawa, Ontario 


60 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


ONTARIO 


Public Health Nurses for generalized programme in 
a Counly.Cily Health Unil. Salary schedule as of 
January 1, 1967, $5,100 10 $6,100. 20 days vacalion. 
Errp10yer sh":Jred pension plan, P.S.I. and hos;>ital- 
\z":]t:on. Mi1eage allowance or unit cars. Apply to: 
M'S5 Veronica Q'Le:.ry, Sl..pervisor of Public Health 
Nursing, Pele,borough Counly-Cily Heallh Unil, P.O. 
Box 246, Pelerborough, Onlario. 7-101-4A 


PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES for generalized public health 
program. Good personnel policies inciLding .4 weeks' 
vacation, sick time allowance, unit COf or Car allow- 
ance, shared pension plan, hospitalization, and 
group insurance available. Apply to: Mrs. Muriel 
McAvoy, Secretary-Treasurer, Porcupine Health Unit, 
70 Balsam Slreel Soulh, Timmins, Onlario. 7.132-2 


QUEBEC 


EXPO 67, NURSES, BE WISE... Reserve your room 
now for Expo 67. Semi-private rooms for one person 
in a modern home at 10 minutes from Expo grounds. 
Rate:$15 per day, including morning coffee and 
transportation to Expo site. Please write to: Mme 
Marguerile Richard, R.N., 3585, Beaufort, Ville Bros- 
sard. Quèbec. 9-86-3 


GRADUATE NURSE for Privale Camp in Ihe Lauren. 
lions. JULY AND AUGUST 1967. Wrile: PripSlein's 
Camp Inc., 6344 MacDonald Avenue, Monlreal 29, 
Quebec. 9-86-5 


OPERATING ROOM STAFF NURSES: (Applicalions are 
inviled). In a modern 350-bed hospilal. Salaries com- 
mensurate with experience and postgraduate educa. 
tion. Cumulative sick leave, 28 days cnual vacation, 
retirement plan and other liberal fringe benefits. 
Apply: Director of Nursing Service, St. Mcry's Hospital, 
3830 Lacombe Avenue, Monlreal, Quebec. 9-47-39 A 


SASKATCHEWAN 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING for modern 24-bed aClive 
treatment hospital. Graduates in nursing administration 
or with experience will be given preference. Accommo- 
dation available in nurses' residence. Salary schedule 
will be based on Ihe SRNA recommandalions. Apply: 
Mr. R. Holinaty, Administrator, Wakaw Union Hospital, 
Wakaw, Saskalchewan. 1()"131.1 A 


MATRON for Ihe 2()"bed, new, air.condilioned Cabri 
Union Hospilal. Salary according to SRNA schedule. 
Residence accommodation available. Reply to: Mr. K. 
Exner, Secretary-Treasurer, Cabri Union Hospital, Ca- 
bri, Saskalchewan. 1 ()"13-2 


Regislered Nurses (2) wanted immedialely for Ihe 
20-bed, air.conditioned, new hospital. Salary in ac- 
cordance wilh Ihe SRNA schedule. Residence aCcom. 
modation available. Reply to: Mr. K. C. Exner, 
Secretary.Treasurer, Cabri Union Hospital, Cabri, Sas- 
kalchewan. 1()..13-1 


Registered Nurses (2) for modern 30.bed General Hos- 
pilol at 5hellbrook, Sask., 1967 salory $364 - $464 
accommodation available in new residence, rates 
nominal, personnel policies in accordance to SRNA. 
Shellbrook is 27 miles from cily on Allwealher High. 
way, near Waskesiu summer resort. Write the Ad. 
ministrator, Box 70 - Shell brook Union Hospital, 
Shellbrooke, Saskalchewan. 10.118-1 


REGISTERED NURSES for 24-bed aclive treatment hos- 
pilal. Eslablished personnel policies and pension plan. 
Salary range as per SRNA recommendations. Adjust- 
ments to starting solary made for previous experience. 
Residence accommodation available at 543.50 per 
manlh. Apply: Mr.. Z. Johnson, Acting Direclor of 
Nursing, Wakaw Union Hospital, Wakaw, Saskatche. 
Wan. 10.131-1 


Regislered Nursel for Gene,ol Duty (2) in fully 
modern 27.bed hospital. Initial salary $364 per monlh. 
Personnel policies according to Sask. Reg. Nurses' As- 
sociation recommendations. New modern residence, 
excellent working conditions. Duties to commence 
when convenient. Apply to: Superintendent of Nursing 
Services. Kipling Memorial Union Hospital, Kipling, 
Saskalchewan. 1 ()"59-1 


General Duty and Operating Room NUlle., also 
Certified NUlling A.liltan'l for 560-bed University 
Hospital. Salary commensurate with experience and 
preparations. Excellent personnel policies. Excellent 
opportunities to engage in progressive nursing. Ap. 
ply: Director of Personnel, University Hospital, 50s. 
kaloon, Saskalchewan. 10.1 16-4A 


I I 
INSTRUCTORS IN ALL NURSING AREAS required by I 
School of Nursing, Regina, Saskalchewan. Offen 
3 year and 2 year programs. Enrolment 180. Pre- 
ference given to applicants with experience in 
nursing education or nursing service. Degree prefer 
red. Salary as sel by SRNA. Apply to: Direclor, 
School of Nursing, Regina Grey Nun's Hospilal, 
REGINA, Saskatchewan. 10-109-7 


I I 


SASKATCHEWAN 


UNITED STATES 


REGISTERED NURSES - Soulhern California - Op- 
parlunilies available - 368-bed modern haspilal In 
Medical-Surgical, Labor and Delivery, Nursey, Oper- 
ating Room and Intensive and Coronary Care Units. 
Good salary and liberal fringe benefils. Conlinuing 
rnservice education program a Located 10 miles from 
Los Angeles near skiing, swimming, cultural and edu. 
cational facilities. Temporary living accommodations. 
Apply: Direclor of Nursing Service, SainI Joseph 
Hospilal, Burbank, California 91503. 15-5-63 
REGISTERED NURSES needed for rapidly expanding 
general hospital on the beautiful Peninsula neor 
San Francisco. Outstanding policies and benefits, 
including temporary accommodations at low cost, 
health coverage, fully refundable retirement plan, 
liberal shift differentials, no rotation, exceptional 
In-service and orientation programs, unlimited sick 
leave accrual, unlimited vacation accrual, sick leave 
conversion to vacation, tuition reimbursement. Ex- 
cellent salaries based on experience. Contact Person 
nel Administrator, Peninsula Hospital, 1783 EI 
Camino Real, Burlingame, California - 697't1061. 
15-5-201\ 


Regiltered Nurse.. The Los Angeles Counly General 
Hospital has opportunities in all clinical areaS. We 
invite "/Our enquiries about positions available in pre- 
mature nursery, neuro-surgery, pediatrics, operoting 
room and recovery room, as well as general medicol 
or surg ical words. Several speciclty programs are 
planned for 1967. Slarling salary wilh one year's ex- 
perience in an accredited hospital is $591 per month, 
$624 after six manlhs. Addilional pay for a degree_ 
Evening bonus approximalely $60 per monlh. Night 
bonus $50. Living quarters available on hospital 
grounds for 01 leasl 90 days. We will help you wilh 
California Registration. For further information, 
wrile: Mrs. Dorolhy Easley, Box 1311 CN. Los Angeles 
Counly General Hospilal, 1200 Norlh Slale Slreel, Los 
Angeles, California 90033. 15-5-3 E 
REGISTERED NURSES Opporlunilies available 01 
415-bed hospilal in Medical-Surgical, Labor and 
Del ivery, I ntensive Care, Operating Room and Psv- 
chictl y. No rotation of shift, good salary, evening 
and night differentials, liberal fringe benefits 
Temporary living accommodations available. Apply: 
Miss. Dolores Merrell, R.N., Personnel Director, Queen 
of Angels Hospilal, 2301 Bellevue Aevnue, Los 
Angeles 26, California. 15-5-3G 
REGISTERED NURSES - SAN FRANCISCO Children's 
Hospilal and Adull Medical Cenler hospilal for men 
women and children. California registration required 
Opportunities in all clinical areas. Excellent salaries. 
differentials for evenings and nights. Holidays, vaca- 
tions, sick leave, life insurance, health insurance ond 
employer-paid pension-plan. Applications and details 
furnished on request. Contact Personnel Director, Chil- 
dren's Hospital, 3700 California Street, San Francisco 
18, California_ 15-5-4 


RED CROSS 
IS ALWAYS THERE 
WITH YOUR HELP 


FEBRUARY 1967 



UNITED STATES 


.tegilt.red Nur..., Career satisfaction, interest and 
;,rofessional growth unl imited in modern, JCAH. ce- 
.redited 243-bed hospital. Located in one of Cahfor- 
'lia's finest areas, recreational, educational and cul- 
tural advantages are yours as well as wonderful 
year-round climate. If this combination is what 
iou're looking for, contact us now!Staff nurse en- 
trance salary above $500 per monthi increases to 
$663 per month; supervisory positions at highest 
rates. Special area and shift differentials to $50 per 
month paid. Excellent benefits include free health 
and life insurance retirement, credit union and liberal 
personnel policies. Professional staff appointments 
available in all clinical areas to those eligible for 
California licensure. Write today: Director of Nursing. 
Eden Hospital. 20103 Lake Chabot Road, Castro VaI- 
leI', California. 15.5-12 


REGISTERED NURSES: Mount Zion Hospital and Me- 
dical Center'. increased salary scales now double our 
attraction for nurses who find they can afford to live 
6;Jy the Golden Gate. Expansion has created vacQnc
es 
for staff and specialty assignments. Address enquiry 
to: Personnel Department, 1600 Divisadero Street. San 
Francisco, Cal ifornia 9411 S. An equal opportunity em- 
ployer. 15.5.4 C 


Regi.tered Nurse. for 303-bed modern hospital. Po. 
sitlons available - All services, no .hift rotation. 
Liberal benefits, advancement opportunities, educa- 


ONTARIO HYDRO 


requires 


REGISTERED NURSE 


with 


Public Heolth Nursing Cerfificafe. Inferest- 
ing and responsible position locofed in 
Norfhern Ontario Hydro Colony. 


For further details please 
write to: 


Nursing Supervisor 
ONTARIO HYDRO 
620 University Avenue 
Toronto 2, Ontario 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 
PLUMMER MEMORIAL PUBLIC 
HOSPITAL 


SAULT STE. MARIE, ONTARIO 


Invites applicants for: 
1. Medical-Surgical Instructor 
2. Medical Instructor 
250-bed non-sectorian General Hospital 
with enrolment of BO students. Salary 
commensurote with qualifications. 


Apply to: 
Principal, 
SCHOOL OF NURSING. 


:EBRUARY 1967 


I I 


I I 


UNITED STATES 


UNITED STATES 


tional opportunities in area. equal opportunity 
employer. Apply: Director of Nursing Service. Kaiser 
Foundation Hospitals. San Francisco 15, California. 
Phone (JO 7.4400) 15.5-57 


hours from Lake Tahoe. Starting salary $51O/m. 
with differentials. Apply: Director of Nunes, Mem- 
orial Hospital, Woodland, California. 15-5-498 


Wanted - General Duty Nur.el. Applications now 
being taken for nursing positions in a new addi- 
tion to the existing hospital including surgery, cen- 
tral sterile and supply, general duty. Salary $425 
per month plus fringe benefits. Contact: Director of 
Nurses, Alamosa Community Hospital Alamosa, 
Colorado. 15-6-1 


Regiltered Nursel - California. Expanding, accredit. 
ed 303.bed hospital in medical center of Southern 
California. University city. Mountain ocean resort 
area. Ideal year-round climate, smog free. Starting 
salary $6,300. With experience, $6,600. fringe bene- 
fits, shif, differential, initial housing ollowance. 
Wide variety rentals available. For details on Cali- 
fornia License and Visa, write: Director of Nursing, 
Cottage Hospitol, 320 W. Pueblo Street, Santa Bar- 
bara, California 93105. 15-5-39 A 


STAff NURSES: Needed to staff present fully accredit. 
ed hospital and new facility to open December 1967. 
All services and shifts available. Good salaries and 
fringe benefits. Will pay transportation to and from. 
Minimum one year contract. For particulars concerning 
hospital and community write: L. E. Thompson, Ad- 
ministrator, or V. Jenkins, Director of Nursing, Scioto 
Memorial Hospitol, Portsmouth, Ohio. 15.364 


REGISTERED NURSES - General Duty for 84-bed 
JCAH hospital 1 1 a houri from San Francisco, 2 


WI! 
.
::I

""'d::, 



 
I!
 

"'

:[i
 


BOX 1311 C 
DOROTHY EASLEY, R.N. - Nurse Recruitment Officer 
1200 North State Street 
Los Angeles, Californio 90033 
Telephone 213 225-3115 


Are you looking for career nursing opportunities? 
Do you want more training? 
Do unusual services appeal to you? 


Then you will want 
more information about our hospital 


We are a university teaching hospital 
for two schools of medicine. 


We have over 200 internes, 300 residents 
and a full time medical staff. 


We are one of the world's 
largest medical centers. 


Starting Salary-$560.00/ month 
. Credit for degree 
. Shift differential 
. Credit for experience 


Outstanding Promotional Opportunities 


Assistant Head Nurse or Charge Nurse 
Head Nurs.e 
Clinical Specialist; Teaching Assistant; Instructor 


Coronary Care Unit; P.AR., Intensive Care Units; 
Chest Surgery; Jail; Premature Center; Admitting; 
General Medicine; O.R.; Diabetic Service; Neurosurgery; 
Metabolic Research; Dermatology; Orthopedics; Eye; Rehab; 


You name it - We have it I 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 61 



UNITED STATES 


G.n.ral Duty Staff Nur... for 450.bed fully approved 
teaching hospital. Top salaries with differential for 
evening and night duty. High increments. 4Q-hour 
week, paid vacation based on length of service, 8 paid 
holidays per year. Accumulative sick plan. Com. 
prehensive hospitalization plan. Excellent pension 
plan. Orientation and dynamic inservice program. 
Nurses' Association (A.F.L.) governs hours, salaries 
and working conditions. Registration ta work in 
California required. Address applications to: Chief 
Nurse, Southern Pacific Memorial Hospital, 1400 Fell 
Street. Son francisco. California 94117. 15.5-6 D 


ATTENTION GENERAL DUTY NURSES. 297-bed fully 
accredited County Hospital located 2 hrs. drive from 
San Francisco, ocean beaches, and mountain resorts in 
modern and progressive city of 40.000. 40 hr. 5 
day wk., pd. vocation, pd. holidays, pd. sick leave, 
retirement plan, social security, and insurance plan. 
Accommodations in Nurses' Home, meals at reasonable 
rates. uniforms laundered without charge. Stort $530 
to $556 mo. depending on experience plus .hift and 
service differentials. Merit increases to $644 mo. Must 
be eligible for Calif. Registration. Write Director of 
Nursing. Stanislaus County Hospital. 830 Scenic 
Drive, Modesto, California. 15-5-42 B 
Nurs.. for new 75-bed General Hospital. Re.ort 
area. Ideal climate. On beautiful Pacific ocean. 
Apply to: Director of Nur.... South Coast Com- 
munity Hospital. South Laguna, California. 15-5-50 


I I 


UNITED STATES 


Stoff Duty pa.itian. (Nur...) in private 403-bed 
hospital. Liberal personnel policies and salary. Sub. 
stantial differential for evening and night duty. 
Write: Personnel Director, Hospital of The Good 
Samaritan. 1212 Shatto Street. Los Angeles ] 7, 
California_ 15-5-31> 


NURSE TEAM LEADER POSITIONS in new 372-bed, 
fully accredited. General Hospital in resort area. $461 
p.r month days and $485 per month evening and 
night shift. Liberal fringe benefits. For descriptive bro- 
chure and pol icies write: L. Sims, North Miami Gene- 
ral Hospital. 1701 NE t27th Street. North Miami. 
florida. 15-10-2 A 


REGtSTERED NURSES: for 75-bed air conditioned 
hospital, growing community. Starting salary $330- 
S365/m, fringe benefits, vacation, sick leave, holi- 
days, lif. insurance, hospitalization. 1 meal furnish- 
ed. Write: Administrator, Hendry General Hospital, 
Clewiston. florida. J 5-10-1 


G.n.ral Duty Nur.e. - Pre.ent hospital 55-bed. 
with new 75-bed ho.pital to oper. April. I, 1965. 
Located on Lak. Okeechobee near west Palm Beach. 
Liberal personnel policies, 40-hr. wk., bonus at end 
of fir.t year. Minimum starting salary $380. with 
differential for evenings and nights. Apply: Director 
of Nursing Service. Glade. G.neral Hospital. P.O. 
Box 928. Bell. Glade. florida. 15-10-3 


" 


NIGHT NURSE? 


University Hospital is pleased to announce that starting pay for night 
nurses now ranges from $30.00 to $33.00 per shift ($7,830 to $8,613 
for an annual starting salary)-depending on education and experience. 
After 4 years service, night nurse salaries range up to $9,396.00 
per year. The base pay for permanent evening and rotating tours 
has also been increased plus excellent University Staff benefits are 
offered to all nurses. 
University Hospital has a Service Department which assigns trained 
personnel to handle paperwork and other non-nursing chores, 
relieving our nurses for patient care exclusively. 
Ann Arbor is nationally known as a Center of Culture with emphasis on 
art, music and drama-and recognized as an exciting and desirable 
community in which to live. 
Write to Mr. George A. Higgins, A6001, University Hospital, 
University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan for 
more information, or phone collect (313) 764.2172. 
We are an Equal Opportunity Employer 


UNIVERSITY OF 
MEDICAL CENTER. 


MICHIGAN 
ANN ARBOR 


62 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


NURSES. Regi.tered, for modern 360-bed hospital. 
Op
nings available in all areas, medicine-surgery, 
delivery room, nursery, and postpartum. Near Wayne 
State University, and an integral part of the new 
Medical Center. Salary $550 to $635 per month 
plus differential for afternoon and night. Premium 
pay for weekends. Good fringe benefits including 
Blue Cross and Life Insurance. Apply: Personnel 
Director, Hutzel Hospital formerly Woman's Hospital), 
432 East Hancock. Detroit, Michigan 48201. 15-23-1 f 


OPERATING ROOM NURSE 


Preference given posfgraduofe and! or ex- 
tensive fraining. 


for 270 bed ocufe General Hospitol in the 
interior of British Columbio. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL 
Kamloopsr B. C. 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


The Solem Chrisfion Sanitorium Associo- 
fion Inc.. which pions to open if's 3Q-bed 
privote Psychiatric Hospital near Toronto 
in 1968. invifes opplicofions for the obove 
posifion. Appoinfmenf will be mode short- 
ly to allow Director fo porficipote in 
planning ond to toke speciol training if 
odvisoble. 


Apply to: 
Rev. J. VanHarmelen r 
Box 33, R.R. No. 2r 
Whitby, Ontario. 


REGISTERED NURSES 


For 011 services including Operofing ond 
Delivery Room. 


Hospifol ropidly exponding fo 450 bed.. 
Solory $502 to $590 wifh shift, week-end 
ond Chorge Nurse differentiol. 


Write to Nursing Ollice 


ST. JOHN HOSPITAL 
22101 Moross Road 
Detroit, Michigan 48236 
or Telephone: 881-8200 
(4-11.24) 


FEBRUARY 1967 



I II 
OPPORTUNITY FOR 


GROWTH 
CHANGE 
SPECIALIZA TION 


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TORONTO GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Large centrally located University Teaching Hospital 


. CONTINUE YOUR PROFESSIONAL GROWTH 
Planned orientation programme 
Continuing in-service programmes 
OpportunitIes of a research and teaching hospital 


. BROADEN EXPERIENCE 
Posifians available: 
General medicine - Obstetrics - Operating Room 
General Surgery - Gynaecology - Recovery Room 
Specialty units and intensive care - Cardiovascular 
Respiratory.- Neurosurgery 


. ENJOY ADVANTAGES OF LIBERAL PERSONNEL POLICIES 
Excellent patient core facililres 
Salaries ICaled to qualifications and experience 
3 weeks vocation, statutory holIdays. cumulative sick leave 
-. Life Insurance, hospitalization, retirement programme 
- Umfarms laundered free 


REGISTERED NURSES 


Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois is a 
new 587-bed General Hospital, located in a pleasant 
suburb of Chicago. 
The hospital is modern with a wide range of services 
to patients, including Hyperbaric Oxygen Unit. Low- 
cost modern housing next to the hospital is available. 
The hospital is completely air-conditioned. 
Annual beginning salary is from $6,000 plus shift 
differential pay. Regular salary increments at six 
months of service and yearly thereafter. Sick leave 
and other fringe benefits are also available. 


Write or call collect: 


Director of Nursing Services 


LUTHERAN GENERAL HOSPITAL 
PARK RIDGE r ILLINOIS 60068 
Telephone: 692-2210 Ext. 211 
Area Code: 312 


:EBRUARY 1967 


For additional information, write: 


Director of Nursing 
TORONTO GENERAL HOSPITAL 
101 College Street, Toronto 2, Ontario 


t 


II 


SCARBOROUGH CENTENARY HOSPITAL 



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Invites Applications For: 
- ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
OF ADMINISTRATIVE NURSING 
- SUPERVISORS OF CLINICAL AREAS 
-0. R. SUPERVISOR 
- CASEROOM AND EMERGENCY STAFF 
This modern 750-bed hospifal, scheduled to open in the Summer of 
1967, is fully equipped with the latesf facilities to assist personnel 
in patient care and embraces the most m
ern concepts 
f team 
nursing. Excellent personnel policies are avaIlable. Progres.Slve staff 
and managemenf development programs offer th
 maxImum op- 
portunities for those who are inferested. Salary IS commensurate 
with experience and ability. 
For further information, please direct your enquiries to: 
Director of Nursing Service, 
SCARBOROUGH CENTENARY HOSPITAL 
Post Office Box 250, West Hill, Ontario 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 63 



OSHA W A 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES FOR 
ALL DEPARTMENTS 


Starting salary for Ontario Regis- 
tered nurses $400 with 5 annual 
increments to $480 per month. 
Credit for acceptable previous 
service - one increase for two 
years, two increases for four or 
more years. 
Non-registered - $360.00 
Rotating periods of duty - 3 
weeks vacation - 8 statutory 
holidays. 
One day's sick credit per month 
beginning in the 7th month of 
service cumulative to 45 days. 
Pension Plan and Group Life 
Insurance - Hospital pays 50% 
of Medical, Blue Cross and Hos- 
pital Insurance premiums. 
Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
OSHAWA GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Oshawa, Ontario 


ST. JOSEPH'S 
HOSPIT AL 
HAMIL TON. 
ONTARIO 


A modern, progressive hospital, 
located in the centre of Ontario's 
Golden Horseshoe- 
invites applications for 
GENERAL STAFF 
NURSES 


and 
REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 


Immediate openings are avail- 
able in Operating Room, Psy- 
chiatry, Intensive Care - Coro- 
nary Monitor Unit, Obstetrics, 
Medical, Surgical and Paediatrics. 
For further information write to: 
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPIT At 


Hamilton, Ontario 


64 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


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UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 


Invites applications 
for instructors in: 
· Medical-Surgical Nursing 
· Paediatric Nursing 
for four-year basic degree 
programme 
and 
· Nursing Service Administration 
for post-basic degree programme 
Effective date of employment: 
July, 1967 
Salary in accord with University af Alber- 
ta salary schedule and commensurate 
with qualificafians and experience. Mas- 
ter's degree or higher preferred. 


Apply to: 
RUTH E. McCLURE 
DIRECTOR, 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA 
EDMONTON, ALBERTA 


STAFF NURSE POSITIONS 
Salary Range $482-$620 


with maximum starting $539 on day shift, 
$592 evening and/ar night shiffs. Credit 
given for educatian and/or experience. 
Opportunity fo gain knowledge and skill 
in a specialized cancer research hospital. 
Regisfration in Texas required. Excellenf 
personnel benefifs include: 3 weeks vaca- 
tion, halidoys. cumulafive sick leave. 
laundry of uniforms furnished. refirement 
and Social Securify programs, Hospitaliza- 
tian, life and Disabilify Income Insurance 
available. Equal opportunity employer. 


For applicatian and additional informatian 
Write ta: 


Personnel Manager 


THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS 
M.D. ANDERSON HOSPITAL AND 
TUMOR INSTITUTE 


Texas Medical Center 
Houston, Texas 77025 


ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING 


Applications are invited for the 
above position in a fully ac- 
credited 163-bed General Hos- 
pital in beautiful Northern On- 
tario. 


Desirable qualifications should 
include B.S.N. Degree with ex- 
perience in supervision. 


For further information, 
Write to: 


Director of Nursing 


KIRKLAND and DISTRICT HOSPITAL 


Kirkland Lake, Ontario. 


ONTARIO SOCIETY 
FOR 
CRIPPLED CHILDREN 
requires 
. Camp Directors 
· General Staff Nurses 
. Registered Nursing Assistants 
for 
FIVE SUMMER CAMPS 
located near 
OTTAWA COLLINGWOOD 
LONDON - PORT COLBORNE 
KIRKLAND LAKE 
Applicafians are invifed from nurse.s in- 
ferested in the rehabilitation of physically 
handicapped children. Preference given ta 
CAMP DIRECTOR applicants having super- 
visary experience and ta NURSING ap- 
plicants wifh paediatric experience 


Apply in writing to: 
Miss HELEN WALLACE, Reg. N., 
Supervisor of Camps, 
350 Rumsey Road, 
Toronto 17, Ontario 


FEBRUARY 1%7 



... 


This 


. 
IS a 


little Eskimo boy 


Sometime during the next year. 
he might fall and hurt himself- 
or get measles or pneumonia. 


.. 


He will need the care of a nurse. 


.. 


A good nurse. 


Maybe you? 


Registered hospital and public health nurses, certified nursing assistants, 
lor lurther inlormation write to: 
MEDICAL SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE, OTTAWA, CANADA. 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


Applications are invited 
lor the 


POSITION OF DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


The Director of Nursing will be responsible for 
the administration of all nursing services within 
the hospital. The hospital currently operates 
375 beds and is undergoing extensive moderni- 
zation and expansion costing $3,750,000. There 
is a furnished apartment available at a mini- 
mum rental. A 140 student School of Nursing 
housed in a modern residence and operated 
by the hospital is the responsibility of a Director 
of Nursing Education. 


Address enquiries to: 


DOUGLAS M. McNABB, Administrator 


McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Fort William, Ontario 


FEBRUARY 1967 



 
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THE SCARBOROUGH 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Invites applications from General Duty Nurses. 
Excellent personnel policies. An active and stimulat- 
ing In-Service Education and Orientation Programme. 
A modern Management Training Programme to as- 
sist the career-minded nurse to assume managerial 
positions. Salary is commensurate with experience 
and ability. We encourage you to take advantage 
of the opportunities offered in this new and expand- 
ing hospital. 


For lurther inlormation write to: 
Director of Nursing 
SCARBOROUGH GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Scarborough, Ontario 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 65 



THE HOSPITAL 


FOR 


SICK CHILDREN 


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OFFERS: 


I. Satisfying experience. 


2. Stimulating and friendly en- 
vironment. 


3. Orientation and In-Service 
Education Program. 


4. Sound Personnel Policies 


5. liberal vacation. 


APPLICATIONS FOR REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS INVITED 


For detailed information 
please write to: 


The Assistant Director 
of Nursing 
AUXILIARY STAFF 


555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Ontario, Canada 


66 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 


HOSPIT AL - 
Newly expanded 350-bed hospital. Progressive patient care con- 
cept. 


SALARY - 
General Staff Nurses (Currently Registered in Ontario) $400.00 - 
$480. - 5-increments. 
Registered Nursing Assistants (Currently Registered in Ontario) 
$295.00 - $331.00, - 3 increments. 
HOUSING - 
Furnished apartments available at subsidized rates. 


JOB SATISFACTION - 
High quality patient care and friendly working environment. We 
appreciate our personnel and encourage their professional develop- 
ment. 


You are invited to enquire concerning employment opportunities to: 
Director of Nursing 


HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 


200 Church Street, Weston, Ontario 
Telephone 249-8111 (Toronto) 


CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL 


requires immediately 


REGISTERED GENERAL DUTY NURSES 


This is a modern 1,000-bed hospital including a new 
200-bed convalescent-rehabilitation section. Benefits 
include Pension Plan, sick leave, and shift differen- 
tial plus a liberal vacation policy and salary range 
$360 - $420 per month commensurate with training 
and experience. 


Apply to: 


Director of Nursing Service 


CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Calgary, Alberta 


FEBRUARY 1967 



What does 
Methodist Hospital 
have to offer me? 


At the Methodist Hospital, where research is a part 
of progress, a nursing career takes on new horizons - 
rich in meaning and professional satisfaction. 
If you're looking for the chance to be the nurse 
you've always dreamed of - coming to the world 
famous Methodist Hospital can be an adventure - 
almost like stepping into the future - splendid 
facilities, so much advance equipment and 
everywhere the newest medical and patient care 
techniques are in use. 
Some of the best aspects of nursing at METHODIST 
are as old as medicine itself - there is a spirit of 
kindness and consideration, and emphasis on patient 
care, that make this a hospital where nursing is 
satisfying and rewarding, day by day. 
Methodist Hospital is right in the center of the world's 
great Medical, Research and Educational complexes. 
HOUSTON is an exciting city - rodeo and opera, 
pro.football and the famous Alley Theatre, water sports 
and beaches an hour or less away, the Houston 
Symphony and the Astrodome! 


A Few Quick Facts: We're affiliated with Baylor 
University College of Medicine and associated with 
Texas Woman's University College of Nursing. 
New $9'f.! million Cardiovascular and Orthopedic 
Research Center will open soon. Our Inservice 
Education Department gives you thorough 
orientation, and continued instruction in new 
concepts and techniques. You'll find every 
encouragement to broaden your skills, 
including tuition assistance in obtaining 
further education in nursing. 


... 


Send for Your Colorful Informative Illustrated 
Brochure. . . to learn about Methodist Hospital, 
Houston, positions available, salary and employment 
benefits, tuition allowance, complimentary room 
accommodation and our Nurse Specialist Programs. 
Write, call or send coupon, Director of Personnel, 
The Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, 
Houston, Texas 77025 


....j 


r-------------------------------------ì 
I Director of Personnel, THE METHODIST HOSPITAL, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77025 I 
I Please send me your brochure about nursing opportunities at THE METHODIST HOSPITAL-Texas Medical Center I 
I I 
I Name I \ 
I Address I 
I I 
I City State Zip Code I 
L_____________________________________ 


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UNIVERSITY 
OF ALBERTA 
HOSPITAL 


Positions are available in our 
rapidly expanding Medical Cen- 
tre situated on a growing Uni- 
versity campus. All service in- 
cluding renal dialysis, coronary 
intensive care and cardiac surg- 
ery offer opportunities for ad- 
vancement. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA 
HOSPITAL 
Edmonton, Alberta 


REGISTERED NURSES 


for General Duly 


In modern 20-bed hospital locat- 
ed in thriving northwestern On- 
tario community. Starting salary 
$335 minimum to $400 maxi- 
mum for three years' experience. 
Board and room in modern 
nurses' residence is supplied at 
no charge. Excellent employee 
benefits and recreational facili- 
ties available. Further particulars 
on request. Apply giving full 
details of experience, age, avail- 
ability, etc. to: 


Employment Supervisor 


MARATHON CORPORATION 
OF CANADA LIMITED 


EBRUARY 1967 


Marathon, Ontario 


OPERATING ROOM 
SUPERVISOR 


Required for 270-bed General 
Hospital with construction of a 
new hospital due to completion 
in 1967, increasing the bed ca- 
pacity to 450. Included in the 
new hospital will be the most 
modern operating room complex 
based on the Friesen Concept of 
material and equipment supply. 
Excellent fringe benefits with 
generous sick leave, four weeks 
vacation and contributory pen- 
sion plan. 


For further information write: 
Director of Nursing Service 
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Belleville, Ontario. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 67 



ONTARIO soclm 


FOR 


CRIPPLED CHILDREN 


I \ 
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Invites applications from Public 
Health Nurses who have at least 
2 years experience in general- 
ized public health nursing, pre- 
ferably in Ontario. 


INTERESTING AND VARIED 
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 
IN AN EXPANDING PROGRAM 
INCLUDE: 


. an opportunity to work direct- 
ly with children, their parents, 
health and welfare agencies, 
and professional groups 


. participation in arranging 
diagnostic and consultant cli- 
nics 


. assessing the needs of the 
individually handicapped child 
in relation to services provided 
by Easter Seal Clubs and the 
Society. 


Attractive salary schedule with 
excellent benefits. Car provided. 
Pre-service preparation with sa- 
lary. 


Apply in writing to: 


Director, Nursing Service, 
350 Rumsey Road, 
Toronto 17, Ontario 


68 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Registered Nurses 


AND 


Registered 
Nursing Assistants 


For 300-bed Accredited General 
Hospital situated in the pictur- 
esque Grand River Valley. 60 
miles from Toronto. 


Modern well-equipped hospital 
providing quality nursing care. 
Excellent personnel policie5. 


For further information write: 
Director of Nursing Service 
SOUTH WATERLOO 
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 
Galt, Ontario 


REGISTERED NURSES 


250-bed General Hospital, ex- 
panding to 400, located in San 
Francisco, California. Positions on 
all shifts for nurses in Intensive 
Care Unit, Operating Room, and 
General Staff Duty. Salary range 
effective April 1967, $600-$700. 
Health and life Insurance, Retire- 
ment Program - all hospital 
paid. liberal holiday and vaca- 
tion benefits. Accredited medical 
residencies in Medicine, General 
Surgery, Neuro Surgery, Ortho- 
pedics, and Plastic Surgery. 


For further information write to: 


Miss Lois Jann, 
Director of Nursing 


FRANKLIN HOSPITAL 


14th and Noe Streets, 
San Francisco, California 


THE 
NORTHWESTERN 
GENERAL 
HOSPIT AL 


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THE HOSPITAL- 
Fully accrediled 
Progressive 150 bed hospital 
Planned expansion to 400 beds 
10 minutes to downtown Toronto. 


YOUR PROFESSIONAL GROWTH 
Planned orientation programme 
Continuing inservice education. 


BENEFITS INCLUDE- 
3 weeks vacation 
8 slatutory holidays 
Cumulalive sick leave 
Group life insurance 
Hospitalization 
40 hour week. 


HOUSING - 
Furnished apartmenls al reduced rates 


For information contact: 
Director of Nursing 


NORTHWESTERN 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
2175 Keele St., 
Toronto 15, Onto 


FEBRUARY 196" 



PALO ALTO-STANFORD 
HOSPITAL CENTER 


Located on the beautiful campus of Stanford University in Palo Alto, California. 


, 


, 


, 
-- 


., 


-- 


"We invite you to join our professional staff and to gam unparalled experiences m 
nursing." 


For additional information- 
NAME: 
ADDRESS: 
CITY: 
SERVICE DESIRED: 
Return to: PALO ALTO-STANFORD HOSPITAL CENTER 
Personnel Department 
300 Pasteur Drive 
Palo Alto, California 


STATE: 


REGISTE RED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSIST ANTS 


REQUIRED FOR 


ST. MARY'S HOSPITAL 
TIMMINS, ONTARIO 
MODERN - 200 BED HOSPITAL 
EXCELLENT PERSONNEL POLICIES 
PLEASANT TOWN OF 30.000 
WIDE VARIETY OF SUMMER 
AND WINTER SPORTS - 
SWIMMING, BOATING, 
FISHING. GOLFING, SKATING, 
CURLING, TOBOGGANING, 
SKIING AND ICE FISHING. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing Service 
ST. MARY'S HOSPITAL 


Timmins, Ontario 


EBRUARY 1967 


VICTORIA HOSPIT At 


LONDON. ONTARIO 


Modern 1.000-bed hospital 
Requires 
Registered Nurses for 
all services 
and 


Registered 
Nursing Assistants 


40 hour week - Pension plan 
- Good salaries and Personnel 
Policies. 


Apply: 


Director of Nursing 


VICTORIA HOSPIT At 


London, Onto 


ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 


TORONTO, ONTARIO 


REGISTERED NURSES 
and 
REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 


lOO-bed fully accredited hospital provides 
experience in Operating Room. Recovery 
Room, Infensive Care Unit. Pediatrics 
Orthopedics, Obstetrics. General Surgery 
and Medicine. 
Orientation and Active Inservice program 
for all staff. 


Salary is commensurote with preporafion 
and experience. 
Benefits include Canada Pension Pion, 
Hospital Pension Plan, Group Life Insu- 
rance. Sick leave - 12 days after One 
year, Onfario Hospital Insuronce - 50% 
payment by hospital. 
Rotafing Periods of duty - 40 hour week, 
8 statufory holidays - annual vocotion 
3 weeks after one yeor_ 


Apply: 


Assistant Director of 
Nursing Service 


ST. JOSEPHrS HOSPITAL 


30 The Queensway 
Toronto 3, Ontario 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 69 



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YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL 


NEWMARKET. ONTARIO 


HOSPITAL: 
A newly expanded 257 bed hospital wifh such progressive 
patient care concepts as a 12-bed LCU., 22.bed psychiatric 
ond 24-bed self care unif. 
IDEAL LOCATION: 
45 minutes from downtown Toronfo, 15-30 minutes from 
excellenf summer ond winfer resort oreas. 
SALARIES: 
Registered Nurses: $372-$447 per month. 
Registered Nursing Assistants: $277-$310 per month. 
BENEFITS INCLUDE: 
Furnished apartments, medical and hospital insurance. group 
life insurance. pension plan, 40 hour week. 


Please address all enquiries to: 
Director of Nursing 
YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL 
596 Davis Drive 
Newmarket, Ontario 


ADDITIONAL CLINICAL TEACHERS 


required 


to assist in Developing New Curriculum and a 
Regional School. 
School of Nursing Building is New 
and well equiped. 
Salaries and Fringe Benefits at Metropolitan level. 
Qualifications - B.Sc.N. 


or 
Diploma in Nursing Education 


GENERAL STAFF NURSES 


Required for all Services 
Salaries and Fringe Benefits at Metropolitan level 


Apply to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
BRANTFORD GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Brantford. Ontario 


70 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


MAIMONIDES HOSPITAL 
AND HOME FOR THE AGED 


AN OPPORTUNITy.... 
A CHALLENGE.... 
A NEW EXPERIENCE.... 


SUPERVISORS, STAFF NURSES, NURSING 
ASSISTANTS, INSTRUCTORS, PSYCHIATRIC 
NURSE: 


We invite you to join the nursing staff of New Mai. 
monides. 


LIBERAL VACATION HEALTH AND 
PENSION PLANS _ SALARIES COM- 
MENSURA TE WITH RECOGNIZED SCALES 


Apply to: 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


5795 Caldwell Avenue 
Montreal 29, Quebec 


THE ST. CATHA RINES 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


A modern 500-bed hospital located in the heart 
of the beautiful Niagara Peninsula, within 
easy travel distance from Buffalo, Hamilton 
and Toronto, invites applications from: Gener- 
al StaH Nurses. 


Pleasant working conditions. Excellent per- 
sonnel policies. 


Apply: 


The Director of Nursing Service 
THE ST. CATHARINES 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
St. Catharines r Ontario 


FEBRUARY 196: 



DIRECTOR 
OF SCHOOL OF NURSING 


Applications are invited for the above position in a 
School of Nursing intending to revise programme in 
Fall of 1967 to a two year programme with a third 
year of experience in hospital nursing service. The 
School of Nursing is a new self-contained educational 
building, opened in 1964, with enrollment of ap- 
prox imately 140 students. 


Trent University is situated in Peterborough. 


Minimum requirement - Bachelor's Degree. Salary 
will be commensurate with qualifications and ex- 
perience. 


For further details apply to: 


Chairman of Nursing Education Committee, 


PETERBOROUGH CIVIC HOSPITAL 


Peterborough r Ontario 


KOOTENAY LAKE GENERAL HOSPITAL 


invites applications for the position of 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


The positian involves administration of the patient care services of 
a leo-bed modern, accredited general care hospital with medical, 
surgical, obstefrics and paediatric services. Nursing service staff 
comprises 38 graduafe nurses, 20 procfical nurses and orderlies and 
5 p.n. trainees. 
The Direcfor of Nursing would be directly responsible to fhe 
Administrafor. 
Graduation from an approved School of Nursing essential with 
experience or preparation in patient care administration desirable. 
location of the hospital is Nelson in the Kootenay lake Regian 
of Southeasfern British Columbia, centre of Notre Dome University, 
Kootenay School of Art and B.C. Vocational Training School. It is 
an area of stable economy, temperate climafe with varied edu- 
cafional, culfural, commercial, industriol. administrafive and resort 
activity. 


Please direct enquiries or applications stating 
experience, training and references to: 


Administrator, 


KOOTENAY LAKE GENERAL HOSPITAL 


3 View Street,Nelson, B. C. 


EBRUARY 1967 


MORRISTOWN MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 
MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY 



 


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Morristown Memorial is a modern, full-service, 355-bed regional 
hospital center with excellent opportunities for specialization and 
advancement in all types of positions within the general and spe- 
cialty fields. All services are accredited. Our planned orientation 
and continuing in-service training programs are managed by a full- 
time director and supervised by physicians, nurses, and specialists 
in related fields. Three nearby universities offer opportunity for 
advanced study. 
Here at Morristown Memorial you can further your professional 
development while enjoying the advantages of life in a friendly 
suburban community only 30 miles away from the heart of New 
York City. Attractive, low.cost apartments are available within our 
own buildings located but a few steps from the Hospital's entrance. 


Minimum starting salaries are: 
$120.00 weekly (day) . .......... $520.00 monthly 
$136.15 weekly (3-11 or 11-7) .... $590.00 monthly 
In addition, we provide a liberal program of fringe benefits. 
You advance to supervisory positions on merit; promotions 
are made from within. 
New Jersey has no state income tax. 
For full information concerning nursing opportunities, write to: 
Miss Ruth C. Anderson, R. N., Asst. Administrator 
Morristown Memorial Hospital, Morristown, New Jersey 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 71 



WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Requires 


GENERAL STAFF NURSES 


ALL DEPARTMENTS 


and 


O.R. TECHNICIANS 


Apply. 
Director of Nursing 
WOODSTOCK 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Woodstock, Ontario 


McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL 


requires 


Registered Nurses for general Staff. The 
hospital is friendly and progressive. 
It is now in the beginning stages of a 
$3,500,000 program of expansion and 
renovation. 


- Openings in all services. 
- Proximity fo lakehead 
ensures opportunity for 
education. 


University 
furthering 


For full particulars write to: 


Acting Director 
of Nursing Service 


McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL, 
Fort William, Ontario. 


ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
Hamilton, Ontario 


r
uires 


CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS in all Nursing 
areas. Well-equipped, modern School of 
Nursing. Student enrolment OYer 300. 
Modern, progressiye, SOO-bed Hospital. 
Salary commensurate with preparation 
and experience. 


For further details, apply: 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


72 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


PORT COLBORNE 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


PORT COlBORNE, ONTARIO 


ST AFF NURSES 


required 


For 166-bed hospital within easy driving 
disfonce of American and Canadian me- 
tropolitan centres. Consideration given for 
previous experience obtained in Canada. 
Completely furnished apartment-style resi- 
dence, including balcony ond swimming 
pool facing lake, adjacent fo hospital. 


Apply: 
Director of Nursing 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Port Colborne,Ontario 


REGISTERED NURSES 


For new IOO-bed General Hospital in 
resort town of 14,000 people, beautifully 
located on shores of lake of fhe Woods. 
Three hours' fro vel fime from Winnipeg 
with good transportation available. Wide 
variety of summer and winter sports- 
swimming, boating, fishing, golfing, skat- 
ing, curling, tobogganing. skiing and ice 
fishing. 
Salary: $372 for nurses registered in 
Ontario with allowance for experience. 
Residence available. Good personnel poli- 
cies. 


Apply to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
KENORA GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Kenora, Ontario 


OTTAWA CIV1C HOSPITAL 


OTTAWA, ONTARIO 


This modern 1087.bed teaching hospital 


requires: 


REGISTERED NURSES 
FOR All SERVICES INCLUDING 
OPERATING ROOM AND PSYCHIATRY 


Excellent salaries, personnel policies and 
Fringe benefits are availoble. 


Apply in writing to: 


B. JEAN MILLIGAN, Reg. N., M.A. 
Assistant Director 


ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 


lONDON. ONTARIO 


Teaching Hospital, 600 beds. new facilities 


requires : 


TEACHERS 
REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


For further information apply : 


The Director of Nursing 
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 
London, Ontario 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
EDUCATION 


Master's degree preferred; to conduct 
basic nursing program and affilliafe pro- 
gram 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, 
CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL 
OF WINNIPEG, 
Winnipeg, Manitoba. 


ST. THOMAS-ELGIN 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Requires 
GENERAL STAFF NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 
O. R. TECHNICIANS 


Modern 395 bed, fully accredited General 
Hospital opened in 1954, with School of 
Nursing. Excellent personnel policies. 
O. H. A. Pension Plan. Pleasanf progres- 
sive industrial city of 22.500. 


Apply: 
Director of Nursing, 
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN GENERAL 
HOSPIT AL 
St. Thomas, Ontario. 


FEBRUARY 1967 



OPERATING ROOM 
SUPERVISOR 


With Postgraduate Course in 
Operating Room technique 
and management 


Required for a 375-bed fully 
accredited General Hospital with 
projected reconstruction program. 
Salary based on qualifications 
and experience. 


Fringe benefits include hospital 
and medical coverage, generous 
sick leave, three weeks' vacation 
and contributory pension plan. 


For further information write: 
Director of Nursing Service 
METROPOLITAN 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Windsor, Ontario 


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Medical-Surgical 


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. . Good starting salary 
. . In-service education 
. . 12 paid sick days per year 
. . Tuition refund program 
. . Free life and 
disability insurance 


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Send Resume to: 


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Box 1434, 
125 West 41 St. 
New York, N.Y. 10036 


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An Equal Opportunity 
Employer MfF 


EBRUARY 1967 


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THE WINNIPEG GENERAL HOSPITAL 


i. Recruiting General Duty Nurse. for all Service. 


SEND APPLICATIONS DIRECTLY TO 


THE PERSONNEL DIRECTOR, 
WINNIPEG GENERAL HOSPITAL 
WINNIPEG 3, MANITOBA 


DIRECTOR, SCHOOL OF NURSINC 


Applications are invited 
for the 




 


POSITION OF DIRECTOR. 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 


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The Director will have complete charge of two-plus-one 
diploma program with 360 students, adequate faculty, 
new ultra-modern facility associated with 1000-bed 
teaching hospital. Master's degree preferred. Considera- 
tion will be given to candidate with Bachelor of Science 
in Nursing Education degree and good leadership poten- 
tial. Appointment will be made by July 1, 1967. 


For further information. write to: 
Chairman r Nursing Advisory Committee 
c/o Nursing Office, 
VICTORIA HOSPITAL 
London, Ontario. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 73 



REGISTERED NURSES 


Staff posifions available in acute and 
convalescent unit of large General Hospital 
locafed in San Francisco Bay Area. Sfarfing 
salary $550 fo $605 plus differenfial. Ex- 
cellenf benefits. 


Apply: 
SEQUOIA HOSPITAL 
Whipple and Alameda 
Redwood City, California 


222 BED GENERAL HOSPITAL 


requires 


STAFF NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


Cornwall is noted for its summer and 
winter sport areas, and is an hour and a 
half from both Montreal and Ollawa. 
Progressive personnel policies include 4 
weeks vacatian. Experience and posf-basic 
certificates are recognized. 


Apply to: 
Ass't. Director of Nursing 
(service) 
CORNWAll GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Cornwall, Ontario 


EVENING OR NIGHT 
SUPERVISOR 


For 70-bed active hospital locafed 70 
miles East of Saskafoon. Salary com- 
mensurafe wifh experience and qualifica- 
fions. Excellent personnel policies. 


Apply: 
Director of Nursing Service 
ST. ELIZABETH'S HOSPITAL 
Humboldt, Saskatchewan 


74 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


RfGlSTERED NURSES 


required for 
B2-bed hospital. Situated in the Niagara 
Peninsula. Transportation auisfance. 
for salary rates and personnel policies, 


apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
HALDIMAND WAR MEMORIAL 
HOSPITAL 


Dunnville, Ontario 


DIRfCTOR OF NURSING 


Applications are invifed for the above 
position in a modern, 56-bed, fully ac- 
credited hospital wifh expansion plans 
under active sfudy. Nursing administrative 
education and experience desirable. 
Salary commensurafe with qualificafions. 


Apply: 
Mrs. M. Fearn, Executive Director 
THE BARRIE MEMORIAL 
HOSPITAL 
Ormstown" Quebec 


PETERBOROUGH CIVIC HOSPITAL 


School of Nursing requires 


INSTRUCTRESS (Nursing Arta) 
INSTRUCTRESS (Medical.Surgical Area) 


New self-contained educafion building for 
school of nursing now open. 
T renf Universify is situafed in Peferborough 


For further information write to: 


Director of Nursing 
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC 
HOSPITAL 
Peterborough. Ontario 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 
WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Requires the following Faculty 
a) Psychiafric Teacher (One). 
b) Medical and Surgical Teachers (Two). 
Minimum requirement - B. Sc. N. 
The above additional staff is required 
for New Program. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing Education 
WOODSTOCK GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 
Woodstock, Ontario 


SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 


COOKSVlllE, ONTARIO 


A new 45Q-bed General Hospital, located 
12 miles from fhe Cify of Toronto. has 
openings fOr: 


(1) GENERAL STAfF NURSES in all de- 


partments; 


(2) Registered Nursing Assistants in all 
departments. 


For information or application, write to. 


Director of Nursing 
SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 
Cooksville, Ontario 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 
PUBLIC GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Chatham, Ontaria 
requires 


INSTRUCTORS 


Student Body of 130 
Modern self-contained educafion building 
Universify Preparation required with 
salary differenfial for Degree. 


For further information, 
apply to: 
Director r Nursing Education 


FEBRUARY 196 



THE HOSPITAL 


FOR 


SICK CHILDREN 



 


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YOU 


Receive the advantages of: 


1. Five-week orientation pro- 
gram for new staff. 


2. Ongoing in-service education 
for nurses. 


3. Extensive student education 
program. 


4. Research Institute. 


APPLICATION FOR GENERAL 
DUTY POSITIONS INVITED 


For information contact: 


THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Canada 


EBRUARY 1967 


DIRECTOR 


OF 
REGIONAL SCHOOL 
OF NURSING 


"KIRKLAND LAKE" 


Applications are invited for the 
position of Director of a new 
Regional School of Nursing to be 
established in Kirkland lake with 
an annual enrollment of 30 
students encompassing five area 
hospitals. An excellent opportu- 
nity to develop a program from 
the erection of the building to 
operating the school. 


Please direct enquiries to: 
The Secretary of the Steering 
Committee: 
R. J. Cameron, Administrator, 


KIRKLAND AND DISTRICT 
HOSPITAL 


Kirkland Lake, Ontario. 


DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING SERVICE 


The Belleville General Hospital 
requires a Director of Nursing 
Service to be responsible for the 
administration of all nursing ser- 
vice activities. 


The hospital presently has a ca- 
pacity of 300 beds and will in- 
crease to a total of 450 beds in 
about one year, upon completion 
of a construction programme. 
The design incorporates a central 
Supply Process Dispatch system. 
Applicants should have a degree 
in nursing service administration 
as well as considerable expe- 
rience in a similar position. 


Applications and enquiries 
should be addressed to: 
Acting Administrator 
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Belleville, Ontario. 


OUR DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING 
needs you 


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We're opening a brand new 120- 
bed addition and we need your 
help. We want our patients to 
have the finest of care as well as 
the finest of facilities. If you're a 
professional nurse who's inter- 
ested in enhancing your own 
career as well as improving your 
hospital's scope of care, we 
need you. 

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PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL CENTER 
ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO 87106 


"Starting salary to $555 a month 
--Expanding, progressive 
500.bed hospital 
--Personal orientation program 
"liberal fringe benefits 
"Continuing educational programs 
"Airline travel paid 
-*Two universities 
--Growing metropolitan area 
"Twenty minutes from nearby 
mountain ski area 
EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER 


Mail coupon oreall collecI(505.243.9411, Ext. 219) 


Mrs. Susan Dicke. Director of Nurse Recruitment 
Presbyterian HospItal Cenler. Department B 
Albuquerque. New MexIco 87106 


Please mail me more information about nursing 
at Presbyterian Hospital Centar and how I may 
contribute to your patient care program. 


Name 


Address 


City 


State 


School 01 Nursing 


Year of Graduallon _Month 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 75 



GRADUATE NURSES 


Eligible for registration in fhe 
Province of Ontario. 


Various posifions available os SUPER- 
VISORS, HEAD NURSES, ond GENERAL 
DUTY NURSES. Excellent opportunities for 
odvancement in all areos of modern, 
newly expanded I,OOo-bed Generol Hos- 
pital, including O.R. ond Recovery, Inten- 
sive Core, Emergency, Cenfrol Supply, 
Medicol ond Surgicol Unifs. 


Please contact: 
Director of Nursing 
HENDERSON GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 
Hamilton, Ontario 


COLONEL BELCHER HOSPITAL 
CALGARY, ALBERTA 


EDUCATIONAL INSTRUCTOR 


Up to $6,283 per annum 
(depending on qualific"tions) 
Duties: to conduct in-service troining for 
Nurses and Ancillary Stoff. " 
Qualifications: must be 0 Regisfered 
Nurse preferobly with odvanced train- 
ing in nursing educofion ond odminis- 
frofion. 


Apply immediately to the 
Personnel Office, 
COLONEL BELCHER HOSPITAL 
Calgary, Alberta 
Quote 998. 


OPERATING ROOM NURSES 


WE NEED 


YOU 


APPLY TO: 


Director of Nursing Service 
SUDBURY GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Sudbury, Ontario. 


76 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


REGISTERED GENERAL 
DUTY NURSES 


For 75-bed ocfive hospifol located 70 
miles Eost of Soskotoon. 


Excellent personnel policies. 


Apply: 
Director of Nursing Service 
ST. ELIZABETH'S HOSPITAL 
Humboldt, Saskatchewan 


SYDENHAM DISTRICT HOSPITAL 
WALLACEBURG, ONTARIO 


Exponsion, scheduled to open April I, 
1967. Regi.t.r.d Nu.... - salary range 
$400 . $480, per month commensurote 
with experience ond quolificotions. 
Regi.t.red Nu..ing A..istants - so lory 
ronge $295 - $331 per month. Excellent 
personnel polcies. 


For further information and application 
form please write: 


Mrs. M. Brevik 
Director of Nursing 
SYDENHAM DISTRICT HOSPITAL 
Wallaceburg, Ontario. 


PORT COLBORNE 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


PORT COLBORNE, ONTARIO 
requires 
A Supervisor for evening ond nighf rOfo, 
tion of dUfy "and A Supervisor for in- 
service educofion progromme for 166-bed 
hospital within easy driving disfonce of 
Americon ond Canadian mefropolilan 
centres, considerotion given for previous 
experience obtained in Conado. Comple. 
tely furnished apartmenf-style residence, 
including bolcony ond swimming pool 
focing loke, odjocent fo hospitol. 


Apply: 
Director of Nursing 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Port Colborne, Ontario. 


CAMPS HIAWATHA 
IN THE LAURENTIANS 
50 mile. from Montreal and EXPO 
FOR GIRLS FOR BOYS 
To compose its Medical Sfaff 
for July ond August 1967 
requires: 
. A RESIDENT PHYSICIAN 
. TWO (2) REGISTERED NURSES 
. TWO (2) NURSES AIDES 
Sfoff for the full summer is preferred, buf 
orrangements for one monfh may be hod. 
Excellent food ond living occommodofions; 
Wonderful othlefic ond recreotional faci- 
lifies. 


Please call or write: 
CAMPS HIAWATHA INC., 
1405 Bishop Street, 
Montreal 25, Quebec 
Tel.: 844-2556 


NEW POSITION 
IN.SERVICE CO.ORDINATOR 


required 


fO direcf, supervise ond porticipate in 0 
progrom of In-Service Educofion. Require- 
ments: Baccalaureafe degree. Experience 
in nursing service and educafion. Keen 
inferest in sfoff development. Initiofive 
ond leodership ability. 


Enquire: 


Director of Nursing 
ROYAL COLUMBIAN HOSPITAL 
New Westminster, B.C. 


ROYAL ALEXANDRA HOSPITAL 


EDMONTON, ALBERTA 


Modern ocfive treotment hospital Super- 
visors required far doys, evening ond 
night dUfy for Poediofric and Medical 
Nursing Units. General DUly for 011 servi. 
ces including Infensive Core Unit. Excel- 
lent working conditions ond currenf per- 
sonnel policies. Credit will be given for 
previous experience ond Postgroduate 
quolificofions. 


Apply: 
Personnel Office, 
ROYAL ALEXANDRA HOSPITAL 
Edmonton, Alberta 


FEBRUARY 196 



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REGISTERED & GRADUATE 
NURSES 


Are required to fill vacancies in a modern, centrally 
located Hospital. Tours of duty are 7:30 - 4:00, 3:30 - 
12:00 and 11 :30 - 8:00. 
Salary range for Registered Nurses is $382.50 to 
$447.50 per month and for Graduate Nurses is 
$352.50 to $417.50 per month. We offer a full 
range of employee benefits and excellent working 
conditions. 
Day Care facilities for pre-school children from 3 
months to 5 years in age. 


Apply in person, or by letter to : 
Personnel Manager, 
THE RIVERDALE HOSPITAL 
St. Matthews Road, 
Toronto 8, Ontario. 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 
BROCKVILLE 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Requires 


TEACHERS 


For the recently approved two year curriculum with 
a third year of experience in nursing service. You 
will enjoy participating in the development of a 
progressive school which emphasizes planned learn- 
ing experiences for the students. Theory is taught 
concurrent with clinical experience. 
Qualifications: Bachelor of Science in Nursing 
or Diploma in Nursing Education 
or Diploma in Public Health Nursing 
Excellent salaries and personnel policies. 
You would enjoy living in the attractive "City of 
the Thousand Islands" two and one half hours from 
Expo 67. 


For further information contact: 
The Director, School of Nursing 
BROCKVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Brockville, Ontario 


BRUARY 1967 


THE MONTREAL GENERAL HOSPITAL 


offers a 
6 month Advanced Course in 
Operating Room Technique and 
Management to 
REGISTERED NURSES 


with a year's Graduate experience 
in an Operating Room. 
Classes commence in September and 
March for selected classes of 
8 students 


For further information apply to : 
The Director of Nursing 


THE MONTREAL GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Montreal 25, Quebec 


DIRECTOR OF SCHOOL 
OF NURSING 


REQUIRED FOR 
DISTRICT SCHOOL OF NURSING 


Minimum Requirement - B. Sc. N.. with five years 
experience. two of these in Nursing Education. 


Apply to: 


Mr. Harold Swanson, Chairman, 


BOARD OF NURSING EDUCATION 


220 Clarke Street 


WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 77 



$700 monthly. Write: Personnel Director, Mercy Hos- 
p ital, Bakersfield, California. 15-5-58A 
REGISTERED NURSES: Excellent opportunity for ad- 
vancement in atmosphere of med ico I excellence. Pro- 
gressive patient core including Intensive Core and 
Cardiac Core Units. Finely equipped growing 200- 
bed suburban community hospital just on Chicago.. 
beautiful North Shore. Completely air conditioned 
furnished apartments, paid vacation, ofter six months, 
stoff development program, and liberal fringe bene- 
fits. Starting salary from $466. Differential of $30 
for nights or evenings. Contact: Donald L Thomp- 
son. R. N., Director of Nursing, Highland Pork Hos- 
pital, Highland Pork, Illinois 60035. 15-14-3 A 


UNITED STATES 


REGISTERED NURSES - Just over the Golden Gate 
from Son Francisco in uMorvelous Morin". Modern ex- 
panding 250 bed hospital. Opportunities in medical, 
surgical obstetrical, ICU, OR, Cardiovascular, Psychia- 
tric oreas. Dynamic inservice program. Salary. based 
on education and experience starting from $600 to 
$675. PM and night shift differentials of 10 % and 
7 %. plus liberal employee benefits. Opportunities for 
graduate study in nearby colleges and universities. 
St;mulating, progressive hospital atmosphere plus ex- 
citing off-duty attractions of nearby Son Francisco. 
the Redwoods. ocean swimming and mountain skiing. 
Contact: Personnel Director, Morin General Hospital. 
Box 30 San Rafael, Cal ifornia. 15-5-69 A 


Registered Nurses and Certified Nursing Alsistants. 
Openinq in several areas, all shifts. Every other week- 
end off, in small community hospital 2 miles from 
Boston. Rooms available. Hospital paid life insurance 
and other liberal fringe benefits. RN salary $100 per 
week, plus differential of $20 for 3-11 p.m. and 
11.7 a.m. shifts. C.N. Ass'ts. $76 weekly plus $10 for 
3-11 p.m. and 11-7 a.m. shifts. Write: Miss Byrne, 
Director of Nurses. Chelsea Memmorial Hospital, 
Chelsea, Massachusetts 02150. 15-22.1 C 


REGISTERED NURSES - CALIFORNIA Progressive hos- 
pital in San Joaquin Volley has openings for R.N:s. 
Located between Son Francisco end Los Angeles near 
mountain. ocean and desert resorts. Paid vocation. 
paid sick leave. paid Blue Cross. disability insurance, 
voluntary retirement plan. Salary range from $500 to 



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SCHOOL FOR GRADUATE NURSES 
McGill UNIVERSITY 




 

 


PROGRAMS FOR GRADUATE NURSES 
DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF NURSING 


Two yeors from McGill Senior MOfriculofion or three years from McGill Junior 
MOfriculotion or the equivolents. In First Yeor fhe student elects one clinical 
setting in which to study nursing, selecting from 
. Mafernol ond Child Health Nursing 
. Medicol-Surgicol Nursing 
. Mental Heolfh and Psychiotric Nursing 
. Public Heolfh Nursing 
In Final Yeor fhe sfudenf studies in nursing educolion, or nursing service 
supervision, selecting from 


· Teoching of Nursing 
. Supervision of Nursing Service in Hospifals 
. Supervision of Public Health Nursing Service 


DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE (APPLIED) 


A progrom of two ocodemic yeors for nurses wifh 0 boccoloureofe degree. 
Students elect to mojor in: 
. Development and Administrotion of Educotionol Progroms in Nursing 
. Nursing Service Adminisfrofion in Hospitols ond Public Heolth Agencies 


PROGRAM IN BASIC NURSING 
leading to the degree Bachelor of Science in Nursing 


A five.yeor progrom for students with McGill Junior Mafriculotion Or its equivalent. 
This progrom combines ocodemic ond professional courses with supervised nursing 
experience in fhe McGill teoching hospifols ond selected heolth ogencies. This brood 
bockground of educafion, followed by graduofe professional experience, prepores 
nurses for odvanced levels of service in hospifals ond communify. 


for further particulars write to: 


DIRECTOR, McGILL SCHOOL FOR GRADUATE NURSES 
3506 UNIVERSITY STREET, MONTREAL 2, QUE. 


78 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


, '":1''' 
 


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DALHOUSIE 
UNIVERSITY 


Degr.. Course in Bosic Nursing - (B.N.) 
4 years 
A progrom extending Over four colendor 
yeors leading to the Bachelor of Nursing 
degree is offered to candidates wifh a 
Nova Scofia Grade XII sfonding (or equiv- 
alenf) and prepares the student for nursing 
proctice in hospitals ond the community. 
The curriculum includes sfudies in the 
humonities, nursing and the sciences. 


Degree Course for Registered Nurses - 
(B.N.) - 3 years 


A progrom extending over three ocademic 
yeors is offered to Registered Nurses who 
wish to obtain 0 Bachelor of Nursing 
degree. The course includes studies in 
the humonities, sciences ond 0 nursing 
specialty. 
Diploma Courses for Registered Nurses - 
1 yea. 


(1) Nursing Service Administration 
(2) Public Health Nursing 
(3) Teaching in Schools of Nursing 
For further information apply to: 
Directo., School of Nursing 


DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 


Halifax, N.S. 


DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 
offers 
NEW DIPLOMA PROGRAM 


in 


OUTPOST NURSING 


A program exfending over two colendar 
yeors hos been developed to prepare 
graduote nurses for service in remofe 
areos of Northern Canada. Mojor oreas 
wifhin the course of study will include: 
Public heolth nursing 
Complete midwifery 
Bosic clinicol medicine 
Insfruction will be highly individualized. 
1st yeor - To be spent ot the Universify. 
2nd yeor - To consist of on internship 
directed by the Universify in 
selected northern ogencies. 
Condidofes should hove completed of 
leost one yeor of professional nursing. 
Upon completion of the progrom sfudents 
will receive 0 Diploma in Public Heolth 
Nursing ond 0 Diplomo in ÛlJfpost 
Nursing. 


For further information write to: 
Director, 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 
Halifax, Nova Scotia 


FEBRUARY 191 



UNITED STATES 


iTAFF NURSES - Here is the opportunity to further 
ievelop your professional skills and knowledge in 
.ur I,OOO-bed medical center. We have liberal perso.nnel 
>elicies with premiums for evening and night tours. 
)ur nurses' residence, locoted in the midst of 33 
ultural and educational institutions, offers low-cost 
10using adjacent to the Hospitals. Write for our booklet 
>n nursing opportunities. Feel free to tell UI whot type 
)osition you are seeking. Write: Director of Nursing, 
loom 600, University Hospitals of Cleveland, University 
:ircle, Cleveland, Ohio 44-06 15-36-1 G 


:egiltered Nur.. (Scenic Oregon vocation ploy- 
,round, skiing, swimming, boating & cultural 
.vents) for 295.bed teaching unit on campus of 
Iniversity of Oregon medical school. Salary starts 
.t $575. Pay differential for nights and evenings. 


Liberal policy for advancement, vocations, sick 
leave, holidays. Apply: Multnomah Hospital, Port. 
land, Oregon. 97201. 1:1-38-1 


Staff Nurs..: live with your family in on atTractive 
2 bedroom furnished home for $55 per month, 
including utilities, and work in a suburban Cleve- 
land hospital. Starling salary range $420 - $445 
with 6 and 12 month increments. Excellent transpor- 
tation to hospital door. Outstanding schools and 
cultural opportunities. Apply: Director of Nursing 
Service, Sunny Acres Hospital, 4310 Richmond Road, 
Cleveland, Ohio 44t22. 15-36-IE 


GRADUATE NURSES - Wouldn't you like to work 
at a modern 532.bed acute General Teaching Hos- 
pital where you would have: (0) unlimited oppor- 
tunities for professional growth and advancement, 
(b) tuition paid for advanced study, (c) starting 
salary of $429 per month (to those with pending 
registration as well), d) progressive personnel poli- 


ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 


MONTREAL, QUEBEC 


POSTGRADUATE COURSES 


1. 


(a) . Six month clinical course in Obstetrical Nursing. 
Classes - September and March. 


(b) 


Two month clinical course in Gynecological Nursing. 
Classes following the six month course in Obstetrical 
Nursing. 
Eight week course in Care of the Premature Infant. 


(c) 


2. Six month course in Operating Room Technique. 
Classes - September and March. 


3. 


Six month course in Theory and Practice in Psychiatric 
Nursing. 
Classes - September and March. 


For information and details of the courses, apply to: 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 


Montreal, P.Q. 



BRUARY 1%7 


des, (e) a choice of areas? For further information, 
write or call colle-ct: Miss Louise Harrison, Dire-ctor 
of Nursing Service, Mount Sinai Hospitat University 
Circle, Cleveland, Ohio 44106. Phone SWeetbriar 
5-6000. 15-36.ID 


STAFF NURSES: University of Washington. 320-bed 
modern, expanding Teaching and Research Hospital 
located on campus offers you an opportunity to 
join the staff in one of the following specialties, 
Clinical Research, Premature Center Open Heart 
Surgery, Physical Medicine, Orthopedicts, Neurosur- 
gery, Adult and Child Psychiatry in addition to 
the General Services. Salary: $501 to $576. Unique 
benefit program includes free University courses after 
six months. For information on opportunities, write 
to: Mrs. Ruth Fine. Director of Nursing Services, 
University Hospital, 1959 N.E. Pacific Avenue, 
Seattle, Washington 98105. 15-48-2D 


UNIVERSITY OF 
BRITISH COLUMBIA 


School of Nursing 


DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC 
NURSING 
DEGREE COURSE FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 


Both of these courses lead to the 
II.S.N. degree. Graduates are pre- 
pared for public health as well as 
hospital nursing positions. 


DIPLOMA COURSES FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 


I. Public Health Nursing. 
2. Administration of Hospital 
Nursing Units. 
3. Psychiatric Nursing. 


For information write to: 
The Director 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
UNIVERSITY OF B.C. 
Vancouver 8, B.C. 


OPERATING ROOM NURSE 


FOR 


DEEP RIVER HOSPITAL 


Must hove successfully completed 0 post- 
graduafe course in operating room tech- 
niques or have had two or three yeors 
experience. Fringe benefifs include super. 
onnuation, holidays, group insurance, hOl- 
pito! ond medical plans. 


State all particulars in first letter to: 


FILE 11 E 
ATOMIC ENERGY 0 CANADA 
LIMITED 
Chalk River, Ontario. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 79 



MY VERY OWN 
STETHOSCOPE? 


. 


'- 


- but of course! 



 


ASSISTOSCOPE* was 
designed with the 
nurse in mind. 


ASSISTOSCOPE* gives 
you the acoustical 
perfection of the 
most expensive 
stethoscopes. 


ASSISTOSCOPE::: is available with black or 
hospital-white tubing and ear pieces with the slim-fit 
sonic head which slips easily under blood pressure cuffs 
or clothing. 


tCheck with your Director 
of Nurlinl or P.A. today 
on how you can buy 
ASSISTOSCOPE at 
speciallroup prices. 


Order fromt 
v../ 





N
U



I


 
M MONTREAL 21 QUE.EC 
.TRADE MARK 


VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPITAL 


HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA 


Invites applications from Registered Nurses 
for all services including operating room, 
recovery room, intensive care and emergency 
in completely new wing. 


Salary range for General Staff positions 
$360.00 - $420.00 per month 
and other liberal benefits. 


Direct enquiries to: 


Director of Nursing, 


VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPITAL 


3383 


Halifax, Nova Scotia 


80 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Index 
to 
advertisers 
February 1967 


Abbott Laboratories Ltd. 
Ames Company of Canada Ltd. 
Bland Uniforms Limited . 
Boehringer Ingelheim Products .. 
British Drug Houses (Canada) Ltd. 
The Clinic Shoemakers .. 
Canadian University Service Overseas 
Depårtment of National Defense, Ottawa ... 
Four Seasons Travel .. 
Charles E. Frosst & Co. 
W. J. Gage Co. Ltd. ...... 
Lakeside Laboratories (Canada) Ltd. 
Lewis-Howe Company (Turns) 
J. B. Lippincott Co. of Canada Ltd. 
Mead Johnson of Canada Ltd. 
C. V. Mosby Co. 
J. T. Posey Company 
Reeves Company .... 
W. B. Saunders Company 
Sterilon of Canada 
Uniforms Registered 
United Surgical Corporation 
White Sister Uniforms Inc. 
Winthrop Laboratories .... 


Advertising 
Manager 
Ruth H. Baumel, 
The Canadian Nurse 
50 The Driveway, 
Ottawa 4, Ontario 
Advertising Representatives 
Richard P. Wilson, 
219 East Lancaster Avenue, 
Ardmore, Penna. 19003 
Vanco Publications, 
170 The Donway West, 
Suite 408, Don Mills, Ont. 
Member of Canadian 
Circulation Audit Board Inc. 


14, 15 
17 
9 
20 
52 
2 
26 
22 
19 
16 
21 
5 
57 
24 
54 
11 
6 
12 
1 
53 
Cover III 
55 


Cover II 
Cover IV 


mE 


FEBRUARY 1967 



March 1967 


U
IVE
SITY OF OTTAWA. 
SChOOL OF NURSING 
OT':'lÎi\A. aNT. 


12-67-Q-L-I04-D 


The 
Canadian 
Nurse 



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G .- 

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health care in the north 
drug addiction 
standardization of hospital 
equipment 
total care - for animals 



Three outstanding professional fashions from WH ITE SISTER 


1 
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These three exquisite White Sister luxury professionals Seen here (and many others) are available at fine uniform shops and department stores everywhere 
For the store nearest you, write: 


WH ITE SISTER 


70 MOUNT ROYAL WEST, MONTREAL, QUE. 



. . . in pediatric 
nursing 


. . . in chemistry 


. . . in surgical 
nursing 


The revised and updated new edition of this widely- 
adopted text is a well-rounded, authoritative presentation 
of the fundamentals of inorganic, organic and physiological 
chemistry for nurses. Practical applications of chemistry to 
nursing are made throughout this new edition. New chap- 
ters discuss: miIIiequivalents; nucleoproteins and nucleic 
acids; electrolyte balance; water balance; acid-base bal- 
ance; biochemistry of genetics. The new interpretation of 
the mechanism of chemical reaction is explained and the 
distribution of electrons in the shells and subshells of the 
outer structures of atoms is discussed in detail. 
By JOSEPH H. ROE, Ph.D. Publication date: March, 1967. 10th edition, 
approx. 412 pages. 6 3 .4" x 9 3 .4", 55 illustrations, 3 in color. About 
$7.50. 


A New Book! 
PEDIATRIC NURSING 
Effectively integrating psychological aspects of child care 
with a clear, comprehensive description of pediatric nurs- 
ing, this authoritative new text incorporates the best 
features of the patient-centered and disease-oriented ap- 
proaches to pediatric nursing. Full chapters discuss visual 
testing, common psychometric tests, nonnal nutrition and 
mental retardation. Specialized areas of clinical pediatrics 
and infonnation on growth and development are discussed 
in great depth. The latest thinking is presented on: care 
of the child with congenital heart disease; common inborn 
errors of metabolism; prenatal influences on the baby in 
utero. 
By HELEN C. LATHAM, R.N., B.S., M.L., M.S.; and ROBERT V. 
HECKEL, B.S.. M.S.. Ph.D. With the collaboration of ROBERT P. 
THOMAS. M.D.. and MARGARET MOORE, B.S., R.N. Publication date: 
May. 1967. Approx. 640 P a g es, 7" x 10" 139 illustrations About 
$8.10. ,. 


New 5th Edition! 
A LABORATORY GUIDE IN CHEMISTRY 


The new edition of this completely up-to-date manual pre- 
sents 65 exercises on inorganic, organic and physiological 
chemistry for nurses, and includes new exercises on ioniza- 
tion and thin-layer chromotography. Though designed for 
use with the new 10th edition of Roe, PRINCIPLES OF 
CHEMISTRY, it easily adapts to use with any required text. 


By JOSEPH H. ROE. Ph.D. Publication date: March, 1967. 5th edition, 
approx. 240 pages, 5%" x 8%". 12 illustrations, 2 color plates. 
figures A to L. About $4.05. 


New 4th Edition! 
CARE OF THE PATIENT IN SURGERY 
Including Techniques 
Presenting the newest concepts and approaches in care of 
the patient in the operating room, the thoroughly revised, 
superbly illustrated new edition of this popular text em- 
phasizes fundamental principles in providing authoritative 
guidance in all aspects of the nurse's duties in surgery. Two 
entirely new chapters, "Surgery on the Ear" and "Ophthal- 
mic Surgery," have been added. Basic requirements of an 
operating room nursing service are definitively explained, 
including a new approach to surgical suite design. The 
most recent advances in chest, heart and gynecologic sur- 
gery are discussed in detail 
By EDYTHE LOUISE ALEXANDER, B.S., M.A., R.N.: WANDA BURLEY, 
B.S., M.A., R.N.; DOROTHY ELLISON, B.S., M.A., R.N.; and ROSALIND 
VALLERI, B.S., M.A., R.N. Publication date: March, 1967. 4th edition, 
approx. 810 pages, 7" x 10", 555 illustrations, 5 in color. About $15.70. 


THE C. V. MOSBY COMPANY, L TO. 
 
86 Northline Road. Toronto 16, Ontario 
 


lARCH 1967 


Publishers 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 


1 



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2 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


MARCH 196; 



The 
Canadian 
Nurse 


A monthly journal for the nurses of Canada published 
in English and French editions by the Canadian Nurses' Association 


Volume 63, Number 3 


26 Katherine E. MacLaggan - A Tribute 
29 Medical Care of Eskimo Children 
32 Nursing in the North 
34 Outpost Nursing 
36 Drug Dependency Research - 
Expensive Luxury or Necessary Commodity? 
39 Use of Narcotics in Addict Therapy 
42 Care of Patients Addicted to Non-narcotic Drugs 
45 Deserter of People? 
47 Standardization 
49 Hospital and Health Care - What Price? 


March 1967 


N. Steinmetz 


Ruth E. May 


Ingeborg Paulus 
Robert Halliday 
Mary L. Epp 
Jean Wilkinson 
George T. Maloney 
S. J. Maubach 


The views expressed in the various articles are the views of the authors and do not 
necessarily represent the policies or views of the Canadian Nurses' Association 


4 Letters 23 Dates 
7 News 51 Research Abstracts 
18 Names 53 Books 
21 In a Capsule 58 Films 
22 New Products 88 Official Directory 


Cover photo courtesy l'Iiational Health and Welfare, Ottawa. 


Executive Director: Heten K. Mussallem . 
Editor: Vlrgtnla A. Llndabury . Assistant 
Editor: Gtennls N. ZUm . Editorial Assistant: 
Carla D. Penn . Circulation Manager: pter. 
reUe HOUe . Ad\erlising Manager: Ruth H. 
Bdumet . Subscrtptton Rates: Canada: One 
Year. $4.50; two years, S8.00. Foreign: One 
Year, $5.00; two years, S9.00. Single copies: 
50 cents each. Make cheques or money orders 
pa}able to The Canadian Nurse . Change of 
Address: Fûur weeks'. notice and the old 
address as well as the new are necessary. Not 
responsible for journals lost in mail due to 
errors in address. 
Ci:) Canadian Nurses' Association. t966 


o\RCH 1967 


Manuscrtpt Informatton: "The Canadian 
Nurse" welcomes unsolicited arlicles. All 
manuscripts shoutd be typed. double-spaced. 
on one side of unruled paper leaving wide 
margins. Manuscripts are accepted for review 
for exclusive publication. The editor reserves 
the right to make the usual editoriat changes. 
Photographs (glossy prints) and graphs and 



gr;cl
O
:
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iN
 


i
 
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ict
s
'J!

 Pe"Æ

: 
is not committed to publish all articles sent, 
nor to indicate deli",te dates of publication. 
Authorized as Second-Class Mail by the Post 
Office Deparlment. Ottawa, and for _ payment 
of postage in cash. Postpaid at Montreal. 
Return Postage Guaranteed. 50 The Driveway, 
Ottawa 4. Ontario. 


We mourn the death of our 
President, Katherine E. MacLaggan. 
The poignancy of our grief is 
intensified by knowing that one of the 
country's greatest leaders in nursing 
has been taken from us prematurely. 
Our consolation lies in the legacy 
of inspiration and example that she 
bequeathed to us. 
Our greatest tribute to the late 
president will be found not in words, 
but in action - action that 
continues her work and builds on 
and elaborates her beliefs. 
Dr. MacLaggan's objective was 
to make the Canadian Nurses' 
Association the strongest force for 
nursing leadership in the country. 
She was convinced that CNA haa to 
speak out on issues affecting nurses 
and nursing, and had to be the 
body that generates action. She also 
was convinced that the Association 
had underestimated its own power 
for exerting influence. "We are 
80,000 members banded together," 
she often said, "and we have never 
tapped our resources." 
"Think big" was a frequent 
admonishment from Dr. MacLaggan 
when there was temptation to place 
expediency first. She believed that if 
Association objectives were to be 
achieved, we could no longer "think 
small" in terms of money, resources, 
or other decisions that would affect 
future generations of nurses. 


Dr. MacLaggan always "thought 
big." Those who continue her work 
can do no less. - Editor. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 3 



letters 


{ 


Letters to the editor are welcome. 
Only signed letters will be considered for publication 
Name will be withheld at the writer's request. 


Revised income tax act 
Dear Editor: 
I was delighted to read "Wanted - a 
Revised Income Tax Act" (Editorial, Jan- 
uary, 1967). Hoorah for you. We have 
been quiet far too long. 
Many of us mothers wonder whether it 
is worthwhile to continue to put our skills 
and knowledge to work. You have revived 
the spark in us. Guide us in speaking "loud- 
ly enough and in unison." 
I would like to congratulate the staff 
on the excellent issues that have been 
published. - (Mrs.) J. Fedak, B.Sc.N.. 
Toronto, Ontario. 


Dear Editor: 
We have sent a copy of your editorial 
(January, 1967) with a covering letter to 
our local M.P. and a petition with 64 names. 
Maybe our action will spur on other nursing 
groups to do the same. - (Mrs.) O. Raws- 
thorne, inservice education instructor, Vic- 
toria General Hospital, Winnipeg, Man. 


Not censored 
Dear Editor: 
An R.N. South Africa stated in "Letters" 
(November 1966) that pages 17 and 18 
had been removed from her June 1966 
issue. She stated .....themail is censored 
here and I would like to know what was on 
the page that made them tear it off." 
I checked the particular issue in the 
library of the South African Nursing As- 
sociation and find that page 17 carries an 
advertisement by the Canadian Tampax 
Corporation offering free color charts of 
the standing female pelvic and reproductive 
organs. Page 18 carried the excellent "New 
Products'. section. 
It seems that somebody was interested 
in the products advertised, for it is a fal- 
lacy that mail is censored in this country. - 
Dr. Charlotte Searle, director, Division of 
Professional Development, The South Afri- 
can Nursing Association. 


Extra copiesl 
Dear Editor: 
We are in need of copies of the January, 
February, and March 1966 issues of THE 
CANADIAN NURSE for our library and school 
of nursing. If any readers have copies of 
these issues available we would appreciate 
receiving them. - R.N., Ontario. 


A \lailable copies can be sent to The 
Canadian Nurse, 50 The Dri\leway, Otta- 
wa 4, Ontario. - Editor. 
4 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


University education 
Dear Editor: 
I wish to congratulate you and your co- 
workers for the last issue of L'lnfirmière 
Canadienne, which featured articles on uni- 
versity nursing education. 
We were very pleased with its presenta- 
tion and I am personally very proud to see 
it circulated throughout Canada and 
abroad. - Sister Jacqueline Bouchard, 
Director, School of Nursing, Université de 
Moncton. 


Dear Editor: 
I read with great interest the December 
issue, particularly the articles by Glenna 
Rowsell and Margaret Steed. - Vera Osto- 
povitch, nursing service advisor, Saskat- 
chewan Registered Nurses' Association. 


Dear Editor: 
I enjoyed Glenna Rowsell's article in the 
December issue. I want to congratulate 
her on a fine job. - Myrtle Pearl Stiver, 
former executive director of the Canadian 
Nurses' Association. 


Dear Editor: 
I am very pleased to have an extra 
copy of THE CANADIAN NURSE for Decem- 
ber, which contains the feature on "Uni- 
versity School of Nursing in Canada." 
I think the article is very nicely done 
and of service not only to prospective 
students but to those of us in the schools 
who meet so infrequently. 
Please convey our appreciation to your 
staff members with whom we had a pleasant 
visit here in Montreal last summer. 
Elizabeth Logan, Director, School for 
Graduate Nurses, McGill University. 


Dear Editor: 
Thank you for the complimentary copy 
of THE CANADIAN NURSE. I think the article 
is very well done and you will be pleased 
to know that as a result we have had ap- 
plications to our school from other pro- 
vinces. - Joyce Nevitt, Director, School 
of Nursing, Memorial University of New- 
foundland. 


Dear Editor: 
Thank you for your extra issue of THE 
CANADIAN NURSE with the article on the 
universities. It was a very kind gesture 
and I do wish to compliment you on this 
article. It will be most helpful, I am sure. 
- Sr. Françoise Robert, s.g.c., director, 
University of Ottawa School of Nursinll. 
Ottawa. 


From the four corners 
Dear Editor: 
I read with interest "Nurses on tho 
Move," a letter to the editor by Mis 
Rosemarie Gascoyne (October 1966) 
Could we have permission to reprint it il 
our Philippine Journal of Nursing? It wi! 
be interesting reading for our nurses her 
in the Philippines. 
A suggestion that caught my attentio 
is the possibility that the Internation
 
Nurses Association could "produce a syster 
where a nurse would be acceptable an. 
able to work in any country." I hope th 
ICN will be able to evolve a commo 
basic curriculum for approval of the bod 
at the coming ICN conference in Canad. 
I see a new look in The Canadia 
Nurse. The cover page is pleasing to be 
hold! Of all the magazines we have in Ol 
library, your journal is the most referee, I 
to by students and graduate nurses. - J05 I 
E. Sumagaysay, executive secretary, Phi 
lippine Nurses Association. I 
Dear Editor: 
Thank you for an excellent nursing ma
 
azine which has become the best in an 
country. For years I have been passing m 
copies on to students and graduates alikf 
and they all comment that THE CAN ADlAI 
NURSF has the best articles printed. 
"Letters" (January, 1967) was most ir 
teresting to me, an obstetrical supervisol 
but I believe the finest article was in th 
November, 1966 issue. I have read Mh 
Pepper's article over and over again. I w
 
reading between the lines as I knew all c 
the girls in the army pictures and spent som 
time in Italy with No. 14 e.G. Hospiu 
during the war. Keep up the good work. - 
Marjorie (Lodge) Collister, Riverdale, I 
linois. 


Dear Editor: 
I very much enjoy my monthly copy 0 
THE CANADIAN NURSE. It is so informativ 
and up-to-date! When one is away fror 
home, in another country, news of one' 
fellow nurses is wonderful for the morale 
- Ruth A. Jort, Des Moines, Iowa. 


Dear Editor: 
I enclose a draft for my subscription t 
THE CANADIAN NURSE for two further year. 
In my opinion this is the best of th 
nursing journals - all articles on a specifi 
subject are contained in the same issu 
rather than in several. This saves the bothe 
of collecting them all together. - W.P 
S.R.N., Cumberland, England. 
MARCH 196' 



llin spite of today's apparent explosion 
in their awareness of sex, 
young people are not well informed." 


A recent study indicated that even 
among college girls enrolled in health 
education classes knowledge of menstru- 
al facts was neither thorough nor accu- 
rate. One reason, perhaps, for the lack 
of accuracy was the fact that only 8% of 
these girls obtained their information 
about menstruation from doctors, nurses 
or teachers. 
Thi
 small percentage probably 
learned about menstruation because 
they asked. Many young girls, however, never ask for 
information-because they feel menstruation is not a 
subject for discussion outside their homes. (And 
sometimes very little information is available within 
their homes.) Even the doctor is not likely to be con- 
sulted unless the girl is concerned about a possible 
abnormality. 
One solution to this problem is to make information 
on menstruation available to all young girls-whether 


" 


TAM PAX 

 


SANITARY PROTECTION WORN INTERNALLY 
MADE ONLY BY CANADIAN T.
MPAX CORPORATlON'LTD., 
BARRIE, ONT. 


ARCH 1967 



 


or not they specifically ask for it. Thus, 
girls in health and physical education 
classes, girls visiting school nurses, girls 
at summer camp, girls consulting their 
doctors-all should be provided with in- 
formation on the normal changes that 
are a part of growing up. 
To assist you in explaining menstru- 
ation to these girls we offer you (without 
charge) laminated plastic charts drawn 
by Dr. R. L. Dickinson, showing schemat- 
ic illustrations of the organs of the female reproduc- 
tive system. For the young girl we provide two free 
booklets answering her questions about menstruation. 
Send for them today. Professional samples of Tampax 
menstrual tampons will also be included. 


. 
. 


--- 


- 


..' 


1 Israel. S Leon: Obst. & Gynec. 26:920. 1965. 2 Larsen. 
Virginia L. J. Am. M. Women's A. 20.557, 1965. 


Canadian Tampax Cor,poration Limited, 
P.O. Box 627, Barrie, Ont. 
Please send free a set of Dickinson charts, copies of the two booklets, 
a postcard for easy reordering and samples of Tampax tampons. 


Name 


Address 


CN-I 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 5 



metronidazole 


trichomonacide 


oral tablets of 250 mg 
vaginal tablets of 500 mg 


Full information is available on request. 


-Ru I e n c ""OH" 


6 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


MARCH 1967 



news 


Committee on Nursing Education 
Begins Biennium 
Canada's 188 nursing schools - diploma 
and basic baccalaureate programs - gradu- 
ated a total of 7,360 nurses in 1965. This 
was an increase of on1y 99 over the previous 
year. This small increase is not sufficient to 
maintain present demands for nurses and 
could result in an increasing shortage of 
nurses with the coming of Medicare. 
These figures were presented by Mrs. Lois 
Graham-Cumming. Research Department. 
Canadian Nurses' Association, to the Stand- 
ing Committee on Nursing Education at its 
first meeting of the 1966-68 biennium in 
mid-February. 
They represent on1y one of the problems 
under consideration by the committee. 
Chainnan Kathleen Arpin reminded the 
committee, comprised of the elected repre- 
sentatives on nursing education from the 
10 provincial associations, that as a national 
organization the CNA must undertake to 
provide realistic policies and definitive state- 
ments on nursing and nursing education. 
The committee's job is to investigate thor- 
oughly and recommend appropriate policies 
to the Board for consideration and action. 
The committee is expected to examine 
certain specific areas of nursing education. 
Recommendations regarding a definitive 
statement on nursing, admission criteria in 
schools of nursing, and the need for and 
utilization of resources and facilities essential 
for the practice and learning of nursing will 
likely be made to the Board during the next 
biennium. 


Nation-wide Exams for 
Canadian Nurses? 
The first meeting of the Canadian Nurses' 
Association's ad hoc committee on National 
Examinations was held in Ottawa on January 
23-25, 1967. The committee had been asked 
to explore and assemble all data pertinent 
to the development of a Canadian system 
of registration examinations (machine-scor- 
ed), and to make recommendations to the 
CNA Board of Directors as to possible CNA 
involvement. 
The need for immediate action on Cana- 
dian nursing examinations has arisen because 
the American Nurses' Association recom- 
mended at their meeting in June, 1966, that 
the National League for Nursing discontinue 
the use of examinations in jurisdictions out- 
side the United States. The National League 
for Nursing has notified those provinces 
that are now using the examinations that 
they will not be available as of 1969. 
MARCH 1967 


CNA Auxiliary Meet 


. 


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.... 


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, 


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Two members of the Canadian Nurses' Association National Office Auxiliary, 
Miss E. Cale, President (right) and Mrs. G.p. Williams (left) examine a recent 
issue of The Canadian Nurse with Editor Virginia Lindabury. The Auxiliary, 
which was organized in 1955 to entertain international visitors and to help 
with the cataloguing and indexing of periodicals in the CNA library, held 
its annual meeting early in February at National Office. 


At the three-day meeting, the committee 
investigated measures for developing a Cana- 
dian system of examinations, and considered 
interim measures for the provinces until such 
a service could be established. 
Mrs. Mary Shields, fonnerly of the Test 
Construction Unit of the National League 
for Nursing, was guest speaker at the meet- 
ing. She spoke on the procedures and prob- 
lems in the development of licensure exam- 
inations. 


The committee has prepared recommenda- 
tions for submission to the Board of Di- 
rectors meeting in March. 


Official Opening - CNA House 
Her Excellency, Madame Georges P. 
Vanier, wife of Canada's Governor-General, 
will officially open the new home of the 
Canadian Nurses' Association on Wednes- 
day, March 15, 1967. 
The opening of CNA House will precede 
the meeting of the CNA Board of Directors 
on March 16 and 17 so that full repre- 
sentation of all association members will be 
assured. 


On this occasion the Board, on behalf of 
all CNA members, will be host to state 
officials and representatives of national asso- 
ciations and agencies who will be invited to 
attend the ceremonies. 
The first sod for the $800,000 building 
was turned on April I, 1965. The office 
building provides 20,000 square feet of office 
space. Architect J.W. Strutt designed the 
building. 


Nurses Speak at Hospital 
Administrators' Meeting 
Four nurses formed the faculty for a 
day at the Second Educational Assembly 
on Hospital Administration held by the 
American College of Hospital Administra- 
tors, District 8, in Winnipeg early in Jan- 
uary. 
Miss Margaret Steed, Consultant, Nurs- 
ing Education for the Canadian Nurses' 
Association; Miss Jean Anderson, Director 
of Nursing Service at Victoria Public Hos- 
pital, Fredericton; Sister Thérèse Caston- 
guay, Superintendent of Nursing Educa- 
ûon for Saskatchewan; and Mrs. K. Mc- 
Laughlin, Research Analyst in Nursing at 
the Victoria General Hospital, Winnipeg, 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 7 



news 


examined the question "Who will give nurs- 
ing care?" on the first day of the sessions. 
"Nursing care should be given by a 
nurse, qualified and registered for the prac- 
tice of nursing. Until nursing care is ad- 
ministered by nurses we cannot hope to 
solve our nursing service problems quali- 
tatively," Miss Steed told the audience. 
She defined the CNA's recommendations 
regarding the two categories of nurses, their 
preparation and utilization as a means for 
improving patient care. "The care func- 
tions are the ones now most often dele- 
gated to nursing assistants and nursing 
aides." She noted that nursing service will 
need to be complimented by auxiliary per- 
sonnel, but told the hospital administra- 
tors that a need for interpretation and cla- 
rification of the roles, functions, and res- 
ponsibilities of all those employed to per- 
form nursing services was essential. 
About 140 hospital administrators from 
across Canada attended the five-day meet- 
ing. The seminar sessions on "problem 
areas," at which the nurses spoke, was 
limited to 50 delegates to ensure effective 
participation in the discussion. 


Institutes on New Educational 
Program in Saskatchewan 
.'\ series of six workshops on nursing 
education are being sponsored by the Saska- 
tchewan Department of Education, Nursing 
Education Division. The workshops are for 
teaching personnel in nursing schools and 
other persons interested in the proposed 
changes in nursing education in the province. 
Three workshops are scheduled for Regina 
and three for Saskatoon. They were organiz- 
ed to help prepare nurse educators for 
changes that have revolutionized the pattern 
of nursing education within the province 
since the responsibility for nursing educa- 
tion was transferred from the Department 
of Public Health to the Department of 
Education in April, 1966. 
The changes include the est<lblishment of 
two regional schools and the closure of all 
existing hospital nursing programs. The first 
of the two regional schools is expected to 
open its doors to some 250 students this 
fall in Saskatoon. Hospital schools in Prince 
Albert, Humboldt, Yorkton, and Saskatoon 
will no longer admit students. No date has 
been set for the opening of the regional 
school for the southern region of the pro- 
vince, and hospitals there will continue to 
operate existing programs. 
Miss D. Rowles, supervisor of the nursing 
program at Ryerson Poly technical Institute 
in Toronto, was guest speaker at the fÌlst 
institute on January 17 in Saskatoon. She 
spoke on nursing programs within education- 
al institutions. Dr. H.K. Mussallem, exe- 
cutive director of the Canadian Nurses' 


8 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Auxiliary Donates Bus Shelter 

 '\ 
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. 


The Riverview Hospital Auxiliary in 
Windsor recently made a unique and 
practical contribution to patients and 
their visitors. At a cost of $1,650 the 
Auxiliary had a bus shelter built directly 
across from the hospital. 
According to Phyllis Purcell, public 
relations chairman of the Riverview 
Auxiliary, the need for a bus shelter to 
pratect hospital visitors from the cold 
winds that blow across the Detroit River 
has been recognized for some time. Last 


.0 ... 



 
'. 


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year, the hospit<ll board asked the Auxil- 
iary to assume the cost of this project. 
The Auxiliary hoped to have a metal 
shelter built, but the cost was prohibitive. 
Realizing that the shelter did not have 
to be glamorous to serve its purpose, the 
Auxiliary settled for a wooden building. 
The design was approved by the city and 
the shelter erected. 
Now, both visitors and st<lff at River- 
view can await the bus in comfort 
thanks to an enterprising Auxiliary. 


Association, addressed the second meeting 
on February 24 in Regina. She stressed the 
need for nurses to welcome change in our 
nursing education practices, and pointed out 
that change was long overdue. 
Other workshops will be held in Regina 
on April 17-18, when Mrs. M. Levine of 
Chicago will speak on the selection of learn- 
ing experiences, and in May, when Dr. R.N. 
Anderson will discuss the evaluation of stu- 
dent performance. In Saskatoon, Miss H. 
Keeler, director of the nursing program 
at the University of Saskatchewan, will 
speak March 22 on the reasons for shorten- 
ing nursing programs. In June, a workshop 
on teaching by principles will be directed 
by Mrs. R. M. Coombs of Hamilton, On- 
tario. 
Sister Thérèse Castonguay, superintendent 
for the nursing education division of the 
department of education, anticipates that the 
workshops will aid existing faculty to pre- 
pare for the coming programs. 


Brockville Nurses Certified 
As Bargaining Unit 
After alìnost a year's wait, the Nurses' 
Association at Brockville General Hospital 
has been certified as a bargaining unit by 
the Ontario Labour Relations Board. The 
collective bargaining phase now can begin. 
The Nurses' Association proposed that the 


bargaining unit consist of all registered and 
graduate nurses, both full-time and part- 
time, who are employed by the Brockville 
General Hospital. The hospital proposed a 
unit of "all graduate nursing staff regularly 
employed in the nursing units, nursery, 
emergency department, operating room, cen- 
tral service and delivery room, save and 
except assistant head nurses and persons 
above that rank and daily basis relief nurses'" 
The unit as finally certified by the On- 
t<lrio Labour Relations Board includes all 
registered and graduate nurses at B.G.H. 
who are engaged in nursing care and in 
teaching, except head nurses and persons 
above the rank of head nurse, and those 
regularly employed for not more than 24 
hours a week. 
The Labour Relations Board further stated 
that aU registered and graduate nurses at 
B.G.H. who are engaged in nursing care 
and regularly employed for not more than 
24 hours per week "constitute a unit of the 
employees of the respondent appropriate for 
collective bargaining." 
The Brockville group is the third Nurses' 
Association in Ontario to be certified as 
a bargaining unit. Nurses at Riverview Hos- 
pital, Windsor, and at St. Joseph's General 
Hospital, Peterborough, were certified in 
1966. 


(Continued on page 10) 
MARCH 1967 



THE CLEAN WAY TO RINSE PATIENT UTENSILS 


AMSCQ-GRAY diverter valve 


Simple, clean, modern and effective. That describes AMSCO's popular 
Gray Diverter Valve. This chromed hoseless bedpan-emesis basin rinser is 
easily installed as part of the water closet. Both hands are free to hold 
the bedpan. The water closet flushes normally with the added feature of 
being equipped to spray-rinse patient utensils as soon as they become 
soiled. This immediate rinsing of each patient's utensil in the 
patient's room minimizes the possibility of cross contamination. 
In existing or new construction, installation takes only minutes 
and is accepted under the most rigid plumbing codes. 
There is no cleaner and safer way to rinse patient utensils. 
Write for brochure SC-367R 


;;
 
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I , 
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2. 
FLUSH 


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3. 
RINSE 
UTENSIL 


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4. 
RAISE 
SPRAY ARM 
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-BRAMPTON ONTARIO 


" 


("".J 

... 

 
I. AMSCO-GRAY 
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Catalog number 7-C, 
type 2. 


, ' 
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a show of hands... 


news 


NEW FORMULA ALCOJEL, with 
added lubricant and emollient, will 
not dry out the patient's skin - 
or yours! 


r 


(Continued from page 8) 
P.E.I. Discusses Collective 
Bargaining 
A three-phase plan of action for better 
salaries and working conditions for Prince 
Edward Island's nurses was proposed by a 
Conference on Socio-economic Welfare in 
Charlottetown in mid-January. 
Representatives from all but two of the 
Island's hospitals met for a three-day session 
on collective bargaining for professionnal 
personnel. Miss Glenna Rowsell, nursing 
consultant, Canadian Nurses' Association, I 
chaired the conference, which was attended 
by about 30 persons each day. 
The provincial association is presently 
unable to bargain under the Labour Rela- 
tions Act in the province, and the nurses 
wished to ascertain the prospects for im- 
proving their economic position through 
collective bargaining. PEl's nurses are among 
the lowest paid in Canada. 
The conference drew up a plan of action 
for the coming year. The first step is to 
inform the members about labor legislation 
and to discover the kind of legislation want- 
ed. The association may then suggest the 
appropriate legislation and undertake to 
convince the provincial legislature of the 
practicability of the nurses' stand. 
"This three-phase attack - involvement 
of the members and promotion of educa- 
tion on industrial relations legislation, fol- 
lowed by an Association stand on the type 
of legislation suited to the needs of its 
nurses, followed by a concerted effort to' 
convince the legislature - is a most in- 
telligent and workable plan," reports Miss 
Rowsell. "It could eventually lead to more 
satisfied nurses - and better patient care." 


.... 



 


1 


nroves its sITloothness 


ALCOJEL is the economical, modern, 
jelly form of rubbing alcohol. When 
applied to the skin, its slow flow 
ensures that it will not run off, drip 
or evaporate. You have ample time 
to control and spread it. 
ALCOJEL cools by evaporation. . 
cleans, disinfects and firms the skin. 


:.' 


Your patients will enjoy the 
invigorating effect of a body rub with 
Alcojel .. the topical tonic. 


Jellied 
RUBBING 
ALCOHOL 


Gifts to Archives 
The Mary Agnes Snively Archives Col- 
lection at CNA House continues to grow. 
Three neW gifts to the collection have 
recently been received. 
A collection of books, including a set of 
Keating's Cyclopedia of the Diseases of 
Children, 1890, was received from the 
Miramichi Hospital, Newcastle, N.B. A 
print depicting a hospital scene in Middle- 
sex, England, in 1808 was donated by Lucy 
R. Seymer, author of various histories of 
nursing. 
The most recent addition was a memo- 
rial plate presented by the Medicine Hat 
Chapter of the Alberta Association of Re- 
gistered Nurses. 
CNA Librarian Margaret Parkin ex- 
pressed interest in further additions, espe- 
cially to the collection of early nursing 
caps. "We are anxious to receive the large 
and unusual ones worn in the 1800's," 
she said. "We would like to receive any 
distinctive Canadian ones for a special 
Centennial year display." 


ALCOJEL 


r . coolin 
efreshH,g... 9.. 


Send for a free sample 
through your hospital pharmacist. 


WITH 
ADDED 
LUBRICANT aøI 
EPt10LUENT 
BRITISH DIU8 HOUSES 
'DII1II1TD r,A1IJIIo 


ALCOJEL 



 THE BRITISH DRUG HOUSES (CANADA) LTD. 
Barclay Ave.. Toronto 18. Ontario 


10 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


MARCH 1967 



news 


Quebec Nurses 
Granted Certification 
The United Nurses of Montreal, which has 
organized within District No. 11 of the Asso- 
ciation of Nurses of the Province of Que- 
bec. reçently announced that the Quebec 
labour Relations Board has granted certi- 
fication to 10 groups of nurses in hospitals 
and health agencies. It is expected that the 
remaining 18 hospitals and agencies will 
receive certification as soon as the petitions 
are presented to the Labour Relations Board. 
The union includes nurses in both mana- 
gement and non-management positions. 
All nurses in the district, both French 
and English, are invited to become members 
of the association. The United Nurses of 
Montreal now has an office located at 3506 
University Street. Room 14, Montreal. 


DDS to Survey Nurses' Salaries 
The Dominion Bureau of Statistics will 
conduct a survey of salaries of graduate 
nurses employed in the public general and 
allied special hospitals of Canada. 
The survey, to be carried out this spring, 
is being undertaken with the active sup- 
port of the Canadian NUises' Association 
and the Canadian Hospital Association, and 
with consultation from the Department of 
Manpower and Immigration. 
It is expected that survey results will 
be available in the summer in a published 
report by the Bureau. Salary data will be 
presented according to the graduate nurses' 
employment category (directors, supervi- 
sors, head nurses, teachers, general duty), 
their lay or religious status, and whether 
they are currently registered or not. The 
survey questionnaire will be designed so 
that hospitals will be able to provide the 
data from payroll or personnel records with 
a minimum of effort. 
The Canadian Nurses' Association, with 
the support of the Canadian Hospital As- 
sociation, requested the survey. Salaries 
of many professional types are available 
in Canada but nurses, of whom so many 
are employed in hospitals, do not have any 
valid salary information that can be com- 
pared from region to region in Canada. 
The Dominion Bureau of Statistics has 
agreed, therefore, to approach hospitals in 
Canada and obtain from them the salary 
information from payroll data as of Feb- 
ruary 28, 1967, for all full-time personnel 
employed in the nursing categories out- 
lined. 
All graduate nurses who are employed 
on a full-time basis are to be included in 
this survey. If a nurse is employed in a 
dual position, her entry in the position in 
which she spends the major portion of her 
time will be recorded. 


MARCH 1967 


Space Suits For Nurses 


NUl"'ies worklOg in the operating rooms 
of the new 300-bed Riverside Hospital of 
Ottawa are becoming used to being teased 
about their "space suits." It is true, how- 
ever, that their two-piece trouser-suits with 
the built-in boots do resemble costumes 
from a science-fiction TV serial. 
The use of the oc<:lusive garb is a part 
of a two-year controlled federal-provincial 
research program on control of infections 
in operating rooms. 
Previous studies, such as the one carried 
out at the Barnes Hospital, St. Louis, have 
shown that the perineum, thighs, and feet 
are primary sources of viable bacteria and 
that these organisms become airborne in 
the course of normal activity. The neck, 
arms, and waist openings are apparently not 
important as sites for the escape of skin 
organisms. 
Conventional operating room dress per- 
mits the escape of skin bacteria from the 
lower extremities, so the staff at River- 
side are using a trouser and blouse outfit. 
The one-piece trouser-shoe outfit is made 
of an all-cotton tightly-woven fabric; a tie 
at the ankle provides for length adjustment. 
The shoe has the conductive sole. The tunic 
is three-quarter length with back fastenings 
and is made of regular cotton. A special 
over-boot is worn in the theatre as addi- 
tional protection. 
The trouser-suits are worn only in the 
theatre section of the hospitat. No one 
other than the operating room staff in their 
specially designed outfits and the patients 
ready for surgery are admitted to the 
operating room areas. 
Miss Olive Brissett, a graduate of Wan- 
.stad Hospital, London, England, is shown 
modeling the outfit for THE CANADIAN NURSE. 


/ 
. 


þ 


.....-
 



 


" 


Nurses Serve Abroad With 
External Aid 
A reputation for "quality, professionalism 
and flexibility" has been earned by Cana- 
dian nurses, who represent 60 percent of 
those serving abroad under Canada's Ex- 
ternal Aid Program. 
Whether as a staff nurse in Vietnam, a 
pediatric nurse in Tunisia, or a nursing 
instructor in Trinidad, the Canadian nurse 
is playing an important part in the External 
Aid program. 
As part of its program the External Aid 
Office fills requests from various under- 
developed countries for medical personnel. 
A file in the International Health Divi- 
sion of the Department of National Health 
and Welfare contains the personal history 
forms of nurses interested in serving abroad. 
From this file and through consultations 
with the Canadian Nurses' Association and 


the university schools of nursing, Dr. B.D.B. 
Layton, principal medical officer, is able 
to fill the requests for medical person- 
nel. 
Salaries are arranged to be as attractive 
as possible. Above a basic salary, which 
is commensurate with World Health Organ- 
ization and Pan American Health Program 
salaries, Canada's External Aid Program 
provides a non-taxable overseas allowance. 
To keep the program from defeating its 
purpose. a five-year maximum time limit 
has been set on overseas service. "In theory 
a country is setting out its own health 
plan," said Dr. Layton. "We provide tem- 
porary help for the country, not careers 
for ourselves." 
In most cases, the Canadian nurses help 
to staff existing hospitals or schools of 
nursing. In Tunisia, the Canadian Govern- 
ment has undertaken a different type of 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 11 



Public Support Needed For 
Psychiatric Programs 
Voluntary organizations in mental hea1th 
services are neglected, according to C.A. 
Roberts. executive director of the Clarke 
Institute of Psychiatry in Toronto. 
Dr. Roberts, who presented the first an- 
nual C.M. Hincks Memorial Lectures at the 
University of Ottawa's Faculty of Medicine 
in February, appealed for more public sup- 
port in mental health programs. "Where 
there is public apathy," he said, "poor health 

ervices result." 
Dr. Roberts pointed out that voluntary 
organizations can be very effective in chang- 


news 


project in agreement with the Tunisian 
government. The Hôpital d'Enfants in Tunis 
is being operated by a staff of 49 Canadians 
who fill positions as medical advisors, 
pediatric nurses, radiologists. and physio- 
therapists 
The challenges and opportunities that 
the External Aid Program offers are varied. 
Canadian nurses have become international- 
ly known through their readiness to part- 
icipate in all aspects of the program. 


/ 


I 
! 
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\ 
\ 


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.' 


, 
I 


 

 


2 



 


.Prlces quoted are Suggested Retail Prices 


For name of your ne.,e.1 d..ler. write: 
NATURALIZER DIVISION, BROWN SHOE 
COMPANY OF CANADA. LTD.. PERTH, ONTARIO 


12 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


ing public attitudes toward mental illness 
and in removing the stigma that still sur- 
rounds this type of illness. 
The Hincks Memorial Lectures, a tribute 
to Dr. Clarence M. Hincks, founder and 
first director of the Canadian Mental Health 
Association, will be presented annually in ' 
an Ontario university having a medical 
school. 


Invitations Available For 
Expo Attraction 
A series of 28 lectures to be presented 
by internationally known experts in their 
fields will be a feature attraction at Expo 
67 this year. 
Of special interest to nurses will be lec- 
tures by Sir Macfarlane Burnet, Nobel 
Laureate (Medicine) from Australia, (June 
12th); Dr. William Barry Wood Jr., Direc- 
tor of The Johns Hopkins University Depart- 
ment of Microbiology, (June 19th); and Mr. 
K. Helveg Petersen, Authority of Adult Edu- 
cation from Denmark, (June 26th). Other 
topics will range from "Development Trends 
in Contemporary Literature" to "Orient 
Pearls in the World Oyster." 
The lectures, sponsored by Noranda Mines 
Linùted, will be delivered at the DuPont 
of Canada Auditorium located On the site 
of the Exhibition - lle Sainte-Helene. 
The modern auditorium is completely 
equipped for the simultaneous translation 
of lectures into either English or French. 
The lecture by Academician Mikhail ShOo 
lokhov, to be delivered in Russian, will be 
simultaneously translated into both English 
and French. 
Attendance at any of the one-hour lec- 
tures is by special invitation only. Appli- 
cations for invitations, or requests for in- 
formation, should be sent to Mr. D. Hunka, 
Organizing Secretary, Science Programme, 
Expo 67, Mackay Pier, Montreal, P.Q. Ap- 
plications, to be treated on a first-come- 
first-serve basis, can be accepted only in 
writing. 


Canadian Doctors Visit China 
At the invitation of the Chinese Medical 
Association three Canadian doctors visited 
the People's Republic of China for a five- 
day observation tour of Canton and Peking 
health facilities. 
Dr. R. K. C. Thompson, President of 
the Canadian Medical Association; Dr. 
Walter MacKenzie, Dean, Faculty of Me- 
dicine, University of Alberta; and Dr. A. 
F. W. Peart, General Secretary, Canadian 
Medical Association, visited in mid-Novem- 
ber to observe medica1 education, medical 
research and medical practice in China. 
The Chinese Medical Association had 
arranged for the visas for the delegation, 
and planned a tour that included visits to 
the Bethune Orthopedic Hospital (named 
after Dr. Norman Bethune, a Canadian 
physician who took part in the revolu- 
tionary war and is considered a Chinese 
hero), various institutes of the Academy 
MARCH 1967 



news 


)f Medical Science of China, the Peking 
\1edical College, the Red Star People's 
:ommune, and the Canton Medical School. 
Dr. Peart reported that the Canadian 
Jelegation was impressed with the friend- 
,iness of the Chinese doctors and their 
Issociates, and their desire to have further 
;ontact with Canadian doctors. "Informa- 
:ion was given freely," Dr. Peart said. 
'and we were not curtailed in taking pic- 
lUres. Although we deliberately avoided 
:liscussions about their revolution and the 
::ommunist philosophy, which is comple- 
tely contrary to our way of life in Ca- 
nada, we all felt that further exchanges 
between the doctors of our two countries 
would be usefuL" 


.::;rant Approved for Ontario 
tHospital 
A federal grant of $115,053 for the 
I.O.D.E. Memorial Hospital in Windsor 
has been announced by National Health 
and Welfare Minister Allan J. MacEachen. 
The grant will assist the construction of 
an addition to the present hospital build- 
ing. The addition, to be known as the 
Osmond Wing, will consist of two single 
story units. The two units will provide 52 
beds for the care of psychiatric patients, 
as well as space for community mental 
health services and teaching areas. 
Completion of construction is expected 
this month. 


'WHO, UNICEF Try 
'New X-ray Units 
New. simplified x-ray units specially 
designed for use in rural health centers in 
less developed countries or as stand-by 
equipment in large hospitals are being test- 
ed by the World Health Organization. 
Cooperating in this venture are the United 
Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and 
leading manufacturers of x-ray equipment. 
Prototypes of different possible machines 
have been supplied by UNICEF to WHO 
for field trials in the Republic of the Congo 
(Brazzaville), Kenya. and Lesotho. 
X-ray machines are important tools in 
mass campaigns against tuberculosis and in 
other diagnostic work. However, the ma- 
chines now being manufactured are primarily 
designed for use in hospitals and health 
centers of technically-developed countries 
and have been found too complicated for 
operation in rural areas of developing coun- 
tries. Because of the lack of trained per- 
sonnel to operate the machines or the meager 
or non-existent service facilities, units in 
many hospitals are out of order most of 
the time. 
Under the technical guidance of medical 
radiographers and physicists, WHO drew up 
specifications for a simple, multipurpose ma- 
MARCH 1967 


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.. 
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--- 


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\ 
Nurses attending the Conference on Pediatric Nursing at the Hospital for Sick 
Children toured the ward areas to see current equipment and procedures. 


chine for use in these rural health centers 
and urban areas of developing countries. Ir 
the design, precautions have been taken 
against the possibility of radiation damage 
to the population. WHO anticipates requests 
from governments for the training of x-ray 
technicians and operators as a result of this 
trial. 
This investigation is of great value to all 
countries where the servicing and repair of 
x-ray apparatus present a problem. 


Outbreaks of Measles and 
Scarlet Fever in Quebec 
Measles and scarlet fever are currently 
approaching epidemic proportions in some 
regions of Quebec. The director of health 
for Quebec city, Dr. Jacques Roussel, has 
declared that the number of cases in his 
region is the highest in 10 years. The 
provincial minister of health is giving 
special attention to case-finding and treat- 
ment of these two diseases. 
Dr. A.R. Foley, director of the Epide- 
miology Service of the Department of 
Health, has pointed out that scarlet fever 
usually strikes children from 5 to 15 years 
of age. Even in a mild form the disease can 
cause permanent disability if not treated. 
At the early signs of scarlet fever, such 
as sore throat and pyrexia, it is advisable 
to consult a physician. Antibiotic and pro- 
phylactic treatment is recommended for 
those children who have had contact with 
the disease. 
Measles is characterized by cold symp- 
toms followed by a rash. In children under 
three years, the disease is often complicated 
by bronchopneumonia. 
Some doctors recommend administration 
of anti-measles vaccine, but mass vaccina- 
tion programs do not appear to be the ideal 
solution at the present time. 


.. 
. 


. 


.. 


- 


J 
c

' I 




 


( 


Pediatric Nursing Conference 
To inform, to up-date, to assist through 
talks, discussions and demonstrations - 
these were the objectives of the three-day 
Conference on Pediatric Nursing held early 
in December at the Graduate Nurses' Resi- 
dence of the Hospital for Sick Children, 
Toronto. 
Sponsored by the Hospital for Sick 
Children Department of Nursing, the con- 
ference demonstrated techniques and prac- 
tices currently being developed and used 
to ensure comfort and safety in the care of 
young patients. Sixty-two nurses from 
throughout Ontario attended the continuing 
education session. 
Displays were set up by each of the 
six participating areas: recreation and 
volunteers; emergency; intensive care; new- 
born and premature; medicine - isola- 
tion, and the committee for control of 
infection; and surgery - including physio- 
therapy, occupational therapy and dietary 
departments. 
The conference was designed to improve 
the nurses' competence in such areas as 
the hospitalized child and his family; im- 
portance of play for the hospitalized child; 
emergency nursing care of newborns and 
prematures; nursing care in a pediatric 
emergency department; factors to consider 
in creating a safe environment for chil- 
dren; nursing in the intensive care unit; 
and meeting the needs of the long-term 
patient. 


Grants for Multiple Sclerosis 
Research grants totalling $81,994. were 
announced early in January by the Multi. 
pIe Sclerosis Society of Canada. 
Headed by Dr. John M. Silversides of 
Toronto, the Society's Medical Advisory 
Board meets annually to consider applica- 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 13 



news 


tions from scientists at Canadian univer- 
sities and hospitals. After careful scrutiny, 
grants are awarded to those projects con- 
sidered most appropriate. The research pro- 
gram is coordinated with other areas of 
neurological research in Canada, the United 
States and Great Britain. 
Five Quebec grants, four of them to 
McGill University and the other to the 
University of Montreal, totaled $39,500.00. 


YES! 


you can get pediatric 
urine specimens easily, 
every time 


with Hollister's new 


U-BAG 


Those hard-to-get urine specimens from 
infants and very young children are not 
hard to get with the Hollister U-Bag. The 
U-Bag makes it easy and certain, elimi- 
nates backlog of specimen orders, gets 
fresh urine in sufficient volume for any lah- 
oratory procedure. The U-Bag fits girls as 
well as boys and is won' with comfort and 
security, with or without a diaper. Check 
the list of benefi ts, then let us send you 
some U-Bags for your own evaluation. 
Write, using hospital or professional 
letterhead, for free samples and ordering 
informa tion. 


The Holll.8ter V-Bas 
fit. R.rls and boys 
with equal eaie. 


f j-IolLIsTER:: 
Il 
HOLLISTER LTD., 160 BAY ST., TORONTO 1, ONT. 
14 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Four othel grants were announced to the 
Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, the 
University of Western Ontario, the Uni- 
versity of Saskatchewan, and the Univelsity 
of Toronto 
To science, multiple sclerosis remains 
the greatest unsolved neurological problem 
of our time. There is no cure, not even 
a definite knowledge of its causes. How- 
ever, the disease has struck an estimated 
30,000 Canadians, mostly in the 18-45 year 
age group. Among the symptoms of MS 
are blurred or double vision, tremors, loss 
of coordination, staggering or stumbling 
gait, speech difficulties, numbness. extreme 


"1 ... 
.n 


& 


H 
E 


.
T 
, 


Fits boys and girls with equal ease 
Quick and simple to apply 
Double-chamber design isolates 
specimen from child's sensitive skin 
"No-flowback" valves prevent urine 
from backmg up when bag is tipped 
No spilling. . . so body casts anll low 
surgical wounds remain dry 
Specimen IS protected from fecal 
contamination 


Urine stays in the bag. . . can 
be sent directly to lab without first 
being drained mto receptacle 
Surgical adhesive holds bag in place 
without tape 
Bag rests comfortably between child's 
thighs. . . gives complete freedom 
of movement 


Large capacity enables total-volume 
collection 


Available either sterile or non.sterile 


Completely disposable after use 


weakness and fatigue, and partial or com- 
plete paralysis. 
The Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada 
was founded 18 years ago and by the end 
of 1967 will have allocated $763, I 82.88 
for research and fellowship grants in an 
effort to determine the cause and possible 
treatment for this baffling neurological dis- 
order. Additionally, through its 35 regional 
Chapters staffed by volunteers, the Society 
provides a Patients Services Program 10 
patients and their families. Quebec Chap- 
ters of the Society are active and the MS 
Society forms a part of the Combined 
Health Appeal of Greater Montreal. Head 
Office of the Society was recently trans- 
fered from Montreal to Toronto. 


New Vaccination Regulations 
A new International Certificate of Vac- 
cination booklet has been in use since 
January I, 1967 for all vaccinations per- 
formed for international travel. The re- 
vised form includes changes in the small- 
pox and yellow fever certificates as amended 
by the Eighteenth World Health Assembly 
in May, 1965. 
The International Certificate of Vacci- 
nation or Revaccination against Smallpox 
requires the physician to indicate that a 
vaccine that meets the World Health Or- 
ganization's requirements was used. The 
origin and batch number of the vaccine 
must be recorded. 
The International Certificate of Vaccina- 
tion or Revaccination against Yellow Fever 
was amended 10 extend the validity of the 
certificate from 6 years to 10 years. Cer- 
tificates already in use are automatically 
extended to be valid for 10 years. 


Hospital Infection Kit Part II 
Now Available 
Part II of an information kit on con- 
trol of hospital infections has been released 
by the Ontario Hospital Association. 
The material up-dates the work of the 
Canadian Council on Hospital Accredita- 
tion, includes a comprehensive section on 
dietary department involvement, and in- 
cludes new information on infection control 
in laundry departments. A copy of an in- 
fection reporting form currently in use in 
a member hospital is attached. 
Part I of the material on infections con- 
trol was prepared in July 1966 in response 
to needs revealed in the book The Control 
of Infections in Hospitals, by W. H. Le 
Riche, C. E. Balcom, and G. van Belle. 
The book reported on a survey of hospitals 
in Ontario and revealed problems in the 
areas of infection control. 
Since that time the Ontario Hospital As- 
sociation has undertaken educational ser- 
vices, including the publication of these 
kits, to acquaint members with the details 
of how an infection control program can 
be instituted. 


MARCH 1967 



news 


Cobalt Medications Withdrawn 
From Market 
The U.S. Federal Food and Drug Ad- 
ministration in Washington announced in 
mid-January the removal from the market 
of medications with a cobalt base. These 
medications were used in the treatment of 
certain types of anemia. Manufacturers 
have complied with this decision pending 
the results of further studies on the ef- 
fectiveness of the products. 
In Canada, the same medications were 
withdrawn from the market on December 
27th following deaths due to cardiac failure 
in drinkers of beer that had been made 
with cobalt salts. 


Quebec Interns and Residents 
Get Better Salaries 
The interns and residents of Quebec hos- 
pitals, who had resorted to "study days" on 
January 31 and February 7 to back demands 
for better salaries, have accepted salary in- 
creases offered by the provincial govern- 
ment. 
Interns who were receiving $3,060 per 
year will get $3,770; final-year residents 
who received $5,160, will get $6,170 under 
the new agreement. 
The residents and interns, who had re- 
fused several previous offers from the 
government, accepted the final offer on the 
condition that increases will be brought in 
line with those of their Ontario colleagues 
if the report of the Castonguay Commission 
has not been submitted by July I, 1967. 
A commission under M. Claude Caston- 
guay has been set up to inquire into health 
and social welfare in the province. The in- 
terns' group is preparing a brief for the 
Commission that will outline the grievances 
of the interns and residents, and which is 
intended to serve as a basis for future 
negotiations. 


u.S. Dermatologist Speaks Out 
Neither parents nor teenagers, but priv- 
ate physicians, are "contributing most" to 
the increasing venereal disease problem in 
the United States. 
So says Arthur C. Curtis, M.D., Chair- 
man of The University of Michigan's 
department of dermatology. 
In an editorial in the current University 
of Michigan Medical Center Journal, Dr. 
Curtis says incidences of infectious syphilis 
and gonorrhea are continuing to increase, 
although fewer private physicians are re- 
porting cases to health departments. He 
further asserts that those suffering most are 
the nation's young people. 
MARCH 1967 


"Our children are our most important 
asset," points out Dr. Curtis. "We should 
do all we can to make them knowledgeable 
about those things that may harm them, 
and do all we can to make this information 
possible for them to obtain." 


year and hence infect more and more 
young people." 
Dr. Curtis believes physicians should 
explain the serious nature of the problem 
with the patient, enlisting the patient's 
support in reporting the case. 
"Physicians who treat V.D. can be good 
epidemiologists but they don't have the 
time or the experience to seek out contacts." 
Every city, state or county health 
department has trained workers who are 
expert in finding infectious venereal disease 
and bringing it to treatment, Dr. Curtis 
explains. "Why don't we use them?" 


Recommending more V.D. instruction in 
schools, Dr. Curtis says that by treating 
and not reporting, "we physicians in priv- 
ate practice are the ones who are contribut- 
ing most to this infectious venereal disease 
problem among our young people. By 
treating and not reporting, we are allow- 
ing an infectious disease to increase each 


ONE-STEP PREP 


with 
\ FLEET ENEMÞ: 
single dose 
disposable IlII it 
FLEET ENEMA's fast prep time obsoletes soap and 
water procedures. The enema does not require warm- 
ing. It can be used at room temperature. It avoids the 
ordeal of injecting large quantities of fluid into the 
bowel, and the possibility of water intoxication. 
The patient should preferably be lying on the left side 
with the knees flexed, or in the knee-chest position. 
Once the protective cap has been removed, and the 
prelubricated anatomically correct rectal tube gently 
inserted, simple manual pressure on the container 
does the rest! Care should be taken to ensure that 
the contents of the bowel are completely expelled. Left 
"""t
 colon catharsis is normally achieved in two to five 
minutes, with little or no mucosal irritation, pain or 
spasm. If a patient is dehydrated or debilitated, 
hypertonic solutions such as FLEET ENEMA, must 
be administered with caution. Repeated use at short 
intervals is to be avoided. Do not administer to children 
under six months of age unless directed by a physician. 
And afterwards, no scrubbing, no sterilisation, no 
preparation for re-use. The complete FLEET ENEMA 
unit is simply discarded! 
Every special plastic "squeeze-bottle" contains 41f2 
fl. oz. of precisely formulated solution, so that the 
adult dose of 4 fl. oz. can be easily expelled. A patented 
diaphragm prevents leakage and reverse flow, as well 
as ensuring a comfortable rate of administration. 
Each 100 cc. of FLEET ENEMA confains: 
Sodium biphosphate . 16 gm. 
Sodium phosphate. 6 gm. 
!-or our brochure: "The Enemo: Indications and Techniques", 
containing full information, write to: Professional Service 
Department, Charles E. Frosst & Co., P.O. Box 247, 
Montreal 3, P.Q. 


...-- ..- 


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.........- ...
 
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(!)Registered trode mark. 


A QUALITY PHARMACEUTICALS 
J..ow 
E;.
&Co. 

 IIO"'RE:AL CANADA 
'--- FDUNDlD IN CANADA IN 18f19 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 15 



news 


AMA Supports 
Nursing Salary Raise 
A "significant improvement in the in- 
come of the registered nurse" was called 
for by delegates to the American Medical 
Association's recent biannual session. 
The House agreed with the Board of 
Trustees and AMA's Committee on Nur- 
sing which supports the need for a signi- 
ficant improvement in the income of the 
registered nurse. They recognize that there 
will be considerable variation in compen- 
sation depending upon the prevailing local 
conditions, training, experience, and degree 
of delegated responsibility. 
The House also voted to continue to 
support in principle all current nationally 
approved educational programs for nurses. 
It noted that the American Nurses' As- 
sociation and the National League for 
Nursing have called for nursing education 
to take place in colleges and universities. 
Support for the nurses' salary raise was 
also voiced in an editorial in the Decem- 
ber 12 issue of The AMA News, a weekly 
newspaper published by the American 
Medical Association. The editorial said: 


Facts about 
Registered 
Nurses in 
Canada 


"Overworked and underpaid nurses have 
been given support for better wages and 
working conditions by the House of Deleg- 
ates of the AMA. 
"The House noted that the American 
Nurses' Association in June adopted a 
national salary goal of $6,500 for registered 
nurses beginning practice. But the House 
agreed with the report of the Board of 
Trustees and the Committee on Nursing 
which questioned such a national salary 
goal, establishing a minimum rate of com- 
pensation for the entire country. 
"A salary for registered nurses should 
be controlled by economics and the supply 
or demand in the part of the country 
where the nurse is employed. There is 
considerable variation in compensation 
depending upon the prevailing local condi- 
tions, training, experience, and the degree 
of delegated responsibility. 
"The ANA's goal was adopted in the 
belief that low salaries seriously hamper 
efforts to recruit nurses and to keep nurses 
in practice. In an interview printed in the 
November 28 issue of The AMA News, 
Jo Eleanor Elliott, RN, president of ANA, 
said many nurses with current licenses are 
not working because it is not economically 
feasible. 
"'As long as these inactive nurses keep 
their licenses current, there is a potential 
to alleviate the nurse shortage,' she said. 


Turnover Rate 


'The ANA is making a major effort to at- 
tract these inactive RNs back into nursing. 
But they must be given the proper motiva- 
tion - including better wages and working 
conditions - to make it worth their while." 


Tooth Transplantation 
Possible 
A tooth that has grown in a wrong posi- 
tion can now be extracted and transplanted 
according to a new method practiced by 
Swedish dentist Dr. Karl-Erik Thonner at 
the Stockholm County Clinic of Ortho- 
dontics, Näsby Park, Sweden. While keep- 
ing the tooth alive in the patient's own 
blood serum during surgery, Dr. Thonner 
has operated on some 30 patients with good 
results. 
"It was surprising even to us when we 
found out that this was possible," Dr. Thon- 
ner says in a Stockholm newspaper inter- 
view. "When we started, we used to give 
the tooth a root filling after it had been 
transplanted. Then we discovered that it was 
rossible to keep the nerve functions alive in 
the patient's own blood serum during sur- 
gery. .. 
Usually only 15 minutes are required to 
prepare the insertion of the tooth. It has, 
however, been possible to keep the tooth 
alive up to at least one hour, the doctor 
reports. The operation proper takes about 
an hour to perfonn. 


Graph shows turnover rate of full-time general duty nurses in public general 
hospitals in Canada, 1964. The turnover rate is a ratio of leavers to stayers. 
In 1964, the turnover rate for full-time general duty nurses in public general 
hospitals in Canada was 61 percent. This means that the number of resignations 
during the year was more than one-half of the average number employed 
during the year. 


Percent 
100 
. 
, 
. 
. , 
. I . I . . I 
Ø() .. -...... ... ..t.-.-...-..-- --f-- ---------t---------- f----------f---------.;-------- -t -. ---.. ---- 
. . I . . I 
I . I , . . 
. . I .. . 
I I I I. . 
6() ----....-...+---------f---.--.............--..------- 
.._.. .... ---------i---------t.....---- 
= , ; ! : 
, , , 
I I I I I . 
40 ---- - - - - - t - - - - - - -"t-----------t----------t----------t---------t---------t- u ------- 
I I . . . I . 
I . . . . I . 
. . I . I . . 
. I . . . . I 
I . I I . . . 
20 . - - - - - - --"'!'" - - -- - - - -
-----------!----------'!-.--------'!"---------'!---------'!-..------- 
. . I . . . . 
: : : : : : ! 
. . . . . I . 


Source: Research Unit, 
Canadian Nurses 
Association, 1966 


16 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


1- 
9 


10- 
24 


25- 
49 


50- 
99 


SIZE OF HOSPITAL (Number of beds) 


100- 
199 


200- 
299 


]()() - 
499 


500- 1000+ 
999 


MARCH 1967 



One day of walking down 
those long corridors... 
and standing on those 
cold, hard floors will tell 
you the importance of 
White Uniform Oxfords 
by Savage. 


Savage White Uniform Oxford shoes 
are made to take the strain off feet that 
walk and stand on hard floors day in. 
day out. They are expertly fashioned 
over well-designed lasts to give true 
comfort. Sanitized too for lasting fresh- 
ness. And wearing White Uniform 
Oxfords by Savage doesn't mean you 


I 


.. 


have to give up style for comfort. You 
get a choice of military or flat heels in 
a full range of sizes and widths. Sure 
you'll still be on your feet for hours every 
day. And the corridors won't be any 
shorter. But you'll find it much easier 
to carryon smiling in White Uniform 
Oxfords by Savage. 


WHITE U

ORMS 
by Sayage 


, 
, 
, . 
. 
..' . . . . 
..... . 


\ 


Style No. 
Style No. 57825 ,_ 
57815 


Style No. 1684& 


BB 1239 



names 


Margaret Ellen Cam- 
eron, a native of 
Winnipeg, Manitoba, 
recently assumed her 
new duties as execu- 
tive director of the 
Manitoba Association 
of Registered Nurses. 
A graduate of the 
School of Nursing of 
the Winnipeg General Hospital, Miss Cam- 
eron also holds both her baccalaureate 
and master of science degrees from Teachers 
College, Columbia University, New York. 
The new executive director has been 
active both in her profession and in various 
nursing organizations since the beginning 
of her career. She has held various posi- 
tions in the United States including that of 
school nurse in Connecticut, instructor at 
St. Luke's Hospital, New York and as- 
sistant director of the St. Luke's Hospital 
School of Nursing. 
Following her experience in the United 
States, Miss Cameron returned to her home 
town to become assistant director of nurs- 
ing at the Winnipeg General Hospital. 
The following year she became director of 
nursing, a position she held until 1963. 
Prior to her present appointment, she serv- 
ed three years as assistant administrator 
of the same hospital. 
Her membership in nursing organiza- 
tions, both provincial and national, included 
the chairmanship of the education com- 
mittee of the Manitoba Association of 
Registered Nurses. 
As executive director, Miss Cameron is 
"pleased to participate in an expanded 
program for the Manitoba Association of 
Registered Nurses," and looks forward "to 
working with my colleagues in its develop- 
ment." 


....- 


- 
- 


II 


Marie Fountain, born and educated in 
England, has been appointed administrative 
assistant (nursing) to Jean Milligan at the 
Ottawa Civic Hospital. 
Miss Fountain graduated from Central 
Middlesex Hospital School of Nursing and 
emigrated to Canada in 1957. Before mOv- 
ing to Ottawa in 1959 she worked at hos- 
pitals in Weiland, Ontario and Banff, Al- 
berta. 
At the Ottawa Civic, Miss Fountain 
worked as a head nurse and administrative 
supervisor before obtaining a diploma in 
nursing administration and education from 
the University of Ottawa in 1963. She is 
presently completing her requirements for 
her B.Sc. degree at the University. 
18 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Pearl G. Morcombe 
is the new public 
relations officer for 
the Manitoba Associa- 
tion of Registered 
Nurses. 
Mrs. Morcombe 
graduated from the 
General H 0 s pit a I 
School of Nursing, 
Port Arthur, Ontario and is presently fol- 
lowing an extension course in executive 
administration at the University of Mani- 
toba. 
Mrs. Morcombe brings an impressive 
background in both nursing and public rela- 
tions to her new job. She spent three years 
in industrial nursing at MacDonald Air- 
craft in Winnipeg. From 1955 to 1958 she 
acted as. public relations and field services 
representative with the Manitoba Hospital 
Services Association in Winnipeg. From 
1958 to 1962 she was liaison officer for 
the Manitoba Hospital Commission. 
Prior to her new appointment Mrs. Mor- 
combe spent five years as assistant to the 
manager of hospital construction for the 
Manitoba Hospital Commission. 


... 



 


.... 


... 


.-Å. 


Wilhelmina Bell is 
the new director of 
nursing service at the 
General and Mar- 
ine Hospital, Owen 
Sound. A graduate of 
the Royal Victoria 
Hospital School of 
Nursing in Montreal, 
Miss Bell subsequent- 
ly studied nursing education at the Univer- 
sity of Toronto and followed 2 postgraduate 
course on psychiatric nursing at the New 
York Psychiatric Institute. 
She gained experience in both nursing 
and nursing education in the United States 
and Canada. At the Presbyterian Hospital, 
New York, Miss Bell served as a head 
nurse. Following this she worked as an 
instructor and a clinical supervisor at the 
Wellesley Hospital, Toronto, and the St. 
Catharines General Hospital, St. Catharines, 
Ontario. 
Back in the United States, at Durham, 
North Carolina, Miss Bell worked as coor- 
dinator for a school for colored practical 
nurses at Duke University School of Nurs- 
ing. 
Prior to her present appointment at the 
General and Marine Hospital, Miss Bell 
was director of nursing service at the 
Public General Hospital, Chatham, Ontario. 


1r'- 


Diane Yvonne Ste- 
wart, of London, On- 
tario, received a 
double appointment 
recently from the 
London Health As- 
sociation and the 

 University of Western 
Ontario. She was ap- 
pointed director of 
nursing service at the new University Hos- 
pital and also an associate professor, part- 
time, in the University of Western Ontario 
School of Nursing. 
Miss Stewart obtained her B.Sc.N. from 
Western and is currently completing re- 
quirements there for a master of science 
in nursing degree. A Canadian Nurses' 
Foundation Fellowship was awarded to 
Miss Stewart for 1966-67. 
Following graduation from Victoria Hos- 
pital School of Nursing in London, Miss 
Stewart attended the University of Toronto 
for one year. She then taught obstetrical 
nursing at the Victoria Hospital School of 
Nursing for two years. At that time she 
became a supervisor in the nursing service 
department and later assistant director of 
nursing at Victoria Hospital. 



 


Joanne Fyle, St. Thomas, Ontario, has 
been awarded the RNAO entrance bursary 
at McMaster University School of Nur- 
sing. 


Sharon Hanna, Dunnville, Ontario, has 
won the Niemeier Scholarship for high 
standing in third year maternal and child 
care nursing. 
Elizabeth Latimer, Hamilton, Ontario, 
is winner of the McGregor Clinic Scholar. 
ship for high set standing in third year 
medical-surgical nursing. 
Nancy Mcllwraith, Marathon, Ontario, 
has won the Niemeier Scholarship for 
highest standing in first and second year 
clinical nursing subjects. 


Irene Ashworth, 
former supervisor of 
the Ottawa Branch of 
the Victorian Order 
of Nurses, recently 
joined the national of- 
fice staff as a regional 
supervisor. 
Miss Ashworth, a 
graduate of the School 
of Nursing of St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamil- 
ton, Ontario, also holds a diploma in pub- 
lic health which she earned in 1959 from 



 


MARCH 1%7 



the University of Western Ontario and a 
diploma in supervision and administration 
from the University of Toronto. 
Before joining the Victorian Order of 
Nurses in 1957, Miss Ashworth did generaJ 
and private duty nursing at the Hamilton 
Civic Hospital and St. Joseph's Hospital, 
Hamilton, Ontario. She served as a staff 
nurse with the Hamilton Branch of the 
V.O.N. until 1963. The following year she 
became supervisor of the Ottawa Branch 
where she remained until her present ap- 
pointment as a regional supervisor. 


Lillian Mae Randall, a native of Van- 
couver, British Columbia, also joined the 
national office of the Victorian Order of 
Nurses as a regional supervisor. 
Miss Randall graduated from the School 
of Nursing of the Vancouver General Hos- 
pital in 1945 and served for one year as a 
staff nurse in the psychiatric ward of the 
same hospital. 
The following year she obtained her 
certificate in public health nursing from 
the University of British Columbia. 
In 1947 Miss Randall became a staff 
nurse for the Vancouver Branch of the 
V.O.N., and later the educational super- 
visor for the Vancouver Branch. 
In 1963 she obtained a certificate in 
public health administration and supervi- 
sion from the University of Toronto. 


At the end of 1966, Margaret E. Mac- 
donald retired from service at the Calgary 
General, the hospital she entered as a 
student nurse over 40 years ago. 
Born in New Brunswick, Miss Mac- 
donald came to Western Canada in 1919 
and entered the Calgary General Hospital 
School of Nursing in 1923. After her grad- 
uation in 1926, she began her career at the 
hospital. She gained experience as a staff 
nurse, private duty nurse, head nurse and 
nursing supervisor. 
At retirement she was evening supervisor 
in the convalescent-rehabilitation building 
of the hospital. 
Known affectionately as "Black Mac" 
since her school days, Miss Macdonald is 
"a person who always places others first." 
At the open house reception given in her 
honor before her retirement, Miss Mac- 
donald's 37 years of continuous service at 
the Calgary General Hospital were recogniz- 
ed by members of the hospital board and 
medical staff. 


Florence Taylor, associate director of 
nursing education, Brantford General Hos- 
pital since August, died suddenly Decem- 
ber 19, 1966. 
Her nursing experience has taken her 
through Canada, the United States, India, 
Korea, and Manchuria. 
Miss Taylor joined the staff of Brant- 
MARCH 1967 


I 


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Enaam Abou-Youssef, an instructor from the United Arab Republic, dIscusses 
CNA's public relations program with June Ferguson, public relations officer. 


On the homeward swing of a journey 
that began in February 1961, Enaam Y. 
Abou-Youssef visited CNA House in Ot- 
tawa, Wednesday, January 18, 1967. 
Miss Abou- Youssef, a nurse from the 
United Arab Republic, attended the Uni- 
versity of California School of Nursing 
where she obtained her master of science 
degree in 1963. She then enrolled in the 
doctoral program at Teachers College, 
Columbia University in New York. 
Miss Abou-Youssef is from Alexandria, 
Egypt. In 1960, she was in the second 
class to graduate from the first university 
nursing course established in the UAR at 
the Higher Institute of Nursing, University 
of Alexandria. Following this she was ap- 
pointed clinical instructor at the same 
institution. 
Miss Abou- Youssef said that the establish- 
ment of university schools of nursing in 
the UAR brought "more prestige and sta- 
tus" to the profession in her country. 
Miss Abou- Youssef is presently working 
on her doctoral project - a thesis on 
maternity nursing "focused on the respon- 


sibilities of the nurse to the family during 
the maternity cycle." She hopes that the 
thesis eventually will be translated into 
Arabic and published as a textbook to be 
used by the baccalaureate students in the 
Near Eastern Region. 
The book will be entirely new in its 
approach to maternity nursing as it does 
not include anatomy and physiology of re- 
productive organs or the mechanism of labor 
as complete units. 
During her visits to the Universities of 
Manitoba and Western Ontario, Miss Abou- 
Youssef gathered ideas for developing a 
different point of view for the master's 
program to be inaugurated at the University 
of Alexandria. 
On her return home this spring she will 
teach maternity nursing at the Higher In- 
stitute of Nursing. She is also involved 
in developing nursing activities, nursing 
education and nursing service throughout 
her country. 
Miss Abou-Youssef also admits she looks 
forward "to being waited on again" when 
she returns to her homeland. 


ford General Hospital, January 1966 as 
assistant director of nursing education. 


Canadian-born Helen Young, a widely 
known figure in American nursing, died 
recently at 92. 
Miss Young taught in an Ontario public 
school for 13 years before she entered the 
Presbyterian Hospital School of Nursing, 
New York, in 1909. In World War I she 
served at a hospital for the wounded in 
Juilly, France. 
In 1921, nine years after Miss Young 
became a nurse at the Presbyterian Hospi- 
tal, she succeeded Miss Anna C. Maxwell, 
the school's first director. 


In 1933 Miss Young became the first 
editor of Quick Reference Book for Nurses, 
and in 1937 she received Columbia Uni- 
versity's medal for excellence, awarded 
for service to the university. 


William A. Holland, administrator of the 
Oshawa General HospitaJ, was recently 
elected president of the Ontario Hospital 
Association for 1966-67. Mr. Holland has 
been a member of the Association's board 
of directors since 1959. As the first admi- 
nistrator to hold the top OHA post in five 
years, Mr. Holland succeeds Glen W. Phelps, 
a trustee of the OriIlia Soldier's Memorial 
HospitaJ. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 19 



.. 


your 
Own 
hands: 


.... 


. 


" 


"' 


soft testimony to your patients' comfort 


Your own hands are testimony to Dermassage's effectiveness. Applied by your 
soft, practiced hands, Dermassage alleviates your patient's minor skin irritations 
and discomfort. It adds a welcome, soothing touch to tender, sheet-burned 
skin; relieves dryness, itching and cracking. . . aids in preventing decubitus 
ulcers. In short, Dermassage is "the topical tranquilizer", , . it relaxes the patient 
. , , helps make his hospital stay more pleasant. 
You will like Dermassage for other reasons, too. A body rub with it saves your time 
and energy. Massage is gentle, smooth and fast. You needn't follow-up with 
talcum and there is no greasiness to clean away, It won't stain or soil linens or 
bed-clothes. You can easily make friends with Dermassage-send for a sample! 


Now available in new, 16 ounce plastic container with convenient flip-top closure. 


--. 


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c:5Ø LAKESIDE LABORATORIES (CANADA) LTD. 

 64 Colgate Avenue. Toronto 8, OntarIo 
MARCH 1967 


20 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



in a capsule 


Wine - the Chemical Symphony 
"Have a glass of this therapeutic adju- 
vant for the promotion of relaxation," your 
medicaHy-minded host may suggest some 
evening after supper. If you refuse, you 
may be turning down a "natura1 tranquilizer" 
of some fine old vintage. 
For those who need and excuse to drink 
wine, Dr. Sa1vatore P. Lucia, professor of 
medicine at the University of California 
School of Medicine, San Francisco. provides 
several sound therapeutic ones. 
Wine, he points out, has been used for 
more than 40 centuries as a safe tranqui- 
lizer and there is no reason it should not 
be used for this even today. Modem re- 
search has confirmed the age-old values of 
wine, he says. In his view, wine is a "natu- 
ral tranquilizer" while tranquilizing drugs are 
"artificia1 tranquilizers." 
Wine, says Dr. Lucia, is more than merely 
a1cohol. "Its many other ingredients bring 
it into the category of tranquilizers. Many 
studies of wine disclose that the ability of 
wine to reduce nervous tension is a result 
of the ability of its 'chemical symphony'" 
Numerous studies have shown "that wine 
gives far more sustained and gently tran- 
quilizing effects than does straight ethyl 
alcohol diluted with water to the same 
strength. " 
One leading possibility for use of wine 
as a tranquilizer is in the elderly, says Dr. 
Lucia. It can help them "cope with... ten- 
sions and live out a long span in peace and 
gratitude." One serving before a mea1 or 
two servings with a meal provide the desired 
tranquilization. 
"In the rush of rapid pharrrulceutical pro- 
gress, the ages-old established, inexpensive, 
and safe medicine called wine is apt to be 
forgotten," writes Dr. Lucia. "So, too, in a 
post-prohibition society, these ancient dietary 
beverages are still apt to be regarded over- 
emotionally and pseudo-moralistically by the 
physician. Yet, the long history of the use 
of wine in medical practice and the modern 
scientific research confirming its values are 
gaining the attention of increasing numbers 
of physicians." 


No Utopia for Nurses 
"In some Utopian tomorrow," says Mollie 
'Gillen of Chatelaine, (January 1967) nurses 
will be "freed at last from the tyranny of 
counting sheets, serving meals, making up 
empty beds and pushing wheelchairs." 
Unfortunately, she sees that tomorrow as 
a far distant one. 
MARCH 1967 


The nursing profession in Canada today, 
according to Mrs. Gillen, is characterized 
by "creaking mechanisms and archaic pat- 
terns" which, instead of improving are act- 
ing as deterrents to prospective student 
nurses. 
In fact, the percentage of high-school 
graduates entering nursing has declined 
sharply over the past twenty years. Only 
10 percent of girls from high schools are 
enrolling today (in 1951 it was 20 percent; 
in 1944, 25 percent), and "a continued drop 
is feared unless nursing is made more at- 
tractive as a career," she says. 
What exactly are the problems that beset 
nursing today? asks Mrs. Gillen. 
In answer to her own question, she places 
at the top of the list the shortage of nurses 
that keeps whole hospital wings closed and 
overworks existing staff. She also points out 
the shortage of teachers to train nurses and 
the proliferation of aides and helpers whose 
training and duties aren't clearly defined. 
Then there are antiquated hospital schools, 
where training is paid for by free labor. Not 
surprising, continues the author, is the grow- 
ing demand for promotion opportunities in 
clinical nursing, as well as in administration 
and teaching. Moreover, the profession is 
beset by internal conflicts for better pay, 
better working conditions and a more de- 
mocratic organization. 
Problems unfortunately are more plentiful 
and obvious than solutions. However, an 
Canadian provinces today at least recognize 
the need for shortening the diploma pro- 
gram, for providing opportunities for clinical 
specialization, and for rearranging salary 
levels. 
"With solutions slowly being found to the 
still-quite-bitter intramural arguments within 
the profession... nursing could be at the 
beginning of a new regime that safeguards 
the nurses in their rights as well as the 
public in its expectation of good service," 
concludes Mrs. Gillen. 


5,500,000 Still Puffing 
At least 1,000,000 Canadians did it. An- 
other 2,500,000 seriously tried but couldn't, 
and a further 3,000,000 didn't even attempt 
to break the smoking habit. 
Of the 1,000,000 regular cigaret smokers 
who successfully overcame the habit, most 
claimed "unspecified health reasons" as their 
reason for quitting. Others named coughing, 
throat irritation, bronchitis, family objec- 
tions, expense, and doctor's orders as res- 
ponsible. Low on the list came fear of 
cancer. 


Even those 5,500,000 brave Canadians 
who steadfastly hang onto the habit despite 
the odds, admit dissatisfaction with theIr 
smoking habits. These findings were the re- 
sults of a survey recently released by Hon. 
Allan J. MacEachen, Minister of National 
Health and Welfare. 
The study also shows that certain pro- 
vinces are more nicotine-prone than others. 
Regionally, British Columbia shows the high- 
est proportion of former regular smokers 
(49% of male and 17% of female non- 
smokers and occasional smokers were at one 
time regular cigaret smokers) and Quebec 
the smallest (30% of male and 8% of 
female.) British Columbia also shows the 
highest proportion (53%) of regular cigaret 
smokers who have tried to stop smoking, 
and Quebec the lowest (37%). 
Conducted among persons 15 years of 
age and over, the survey reveals that among 
present non-smokers of cigarets, 32% of 
the men and 9% of the women at one time 
were regular users. Attempts to break the 
smoking habit tend to be more common 
among those under 40. Women who have 
succeeded are most commonly found in the 
20 to 39 age bracket. Men who have stopped 
daily smoking are more frequently found 
among those 40 and over. 
A growing awareness of the dangers of 
cigaret smoking is reflected in the concern of 
the Department of National Health and 
Welfare with the smoking habits of Cana- 
dians. Annual surveys and comparisons of 
results are planned by the Department for 
the future. 


Vaccine Race 
A live vaccine against mumps appears 
to have been developed simultaneously - 
or almost simultaneously - in the East and 
in the West. 
The Russians claim that the first one was 
developed at the Pasteur Institute in Lenin- 
grad. This vaccine was tried out among all 
the children aged two to twelve in Pskov a 
regiona1 center nearby. There were onl; a 
few cases in the year following the vaccina- 
tion, although there had been mass out- 
breaks in the same region previously. 
In the U. S. a live attenuated vaccine 
(developed by Dr. Maurice R. Hillman and 
Dr. Eugene Buynak) was tested among 482 
Philadelphia school children. A great many 
cases of natura1 mumps occurred in the test 
community, whereas there were only two 
cases - both in school-age youngsters - 
among the vaccinated children. - Royal 
Society of Health Journal - Sept.-Oct. 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 21 



new products 


{ 


Descriptions are based on information 
supplied by the manufacturer and are 
pro
ided only as a service to readers. 


Specimen Container 
(PROFESSIONAL DISPOSABLE PRODUCTS) 
Description - A water-tight and odor- 
proof, eight-ounce laboratory specimen 
container made of shatterproof, opaque 
plastic. This container is supplied with a 
specially imprinted lid which simplifies 
writing identifying information. 
For additional information, write to 
Professional Disposable Products, Inc., 22- 
28 South Sixth Avenue, Mount Vernon, 
New York 10550. 


1 


&
,,'ORY SP.Fc/.. 
.$'. _ "'t;.. 


Norlestrin 1 mg. 
(PARKE-DAVIS) 
Description - A new, low-dosage (1.0 
mg.) form of the oral contraceptive, Norl- 
estrin, previously available only as a 2.5 
mg. tablet. Each tablet of Norlestrin 1 mg. 
contains norethindrone acetate I mg. and 
ethinyl estradiol 0.05 mg. 
Norlestrin I mg. is a progestogen- 
estrogen combination for control of con- 
ception. Like Norlestrin 2.5 mg., it contains 
norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol 
but it contains only 1 mg. of the proges- 
togen. 
Dosage - Initial cycle: The first tablet 
is taken on the fifth day after onset of 
menstruation. The first day of menstrual 
flow is considered day one. Tablets should 
be taken regularly with a meal or at bed- 
time. After taking one tablet daily for 21 
consecutive days, no tablets are taken for 
7 days. Subsequent cycles: After the 7-day 
interval in which no tablets are taken, a 
neW course of 21 tablets is started regard- 
less of whether bleeding has finished or 
not. Each cycle consists of 21 days of 
medication and a 7-day interval without 
medication. 
Contraindications - This type of ther- 
apy (progestogen-estrogen combinations) is 
contraindicated in patients with, or with a 
history of, cancer (because of the estro- 
gen), preexisting liver disease, or a history 
22 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


of thromboembolic disorder. Oral contra- 
ceptives should not be used by nursing 
mothers, young women in whom epiphyseal 
closure is not complete, or women who 
have had a stroke, partial or complete loss 
of vision, diplopia or proptosis. The use of 
oral contraceptives containing progesta- 
tional agents should be avoided where preg- 
nancy is suspected. 
Side Effects - Break through bleeding, 
nausea, and diminished menstrual flow are 
the principal side effects considered to be 
drug related. 
For further information or to obtain the 
file booklet containing the basic prescrib- 
ing information, write Parke, Davis & 
Company, Ltd., P.O. Box 2100, St. Laurent 
Post Office, Montreal 9, P.Q. 


Flexitone 
(CYANAMID) 
Description - A new adjustable surgical 
binder for use with postoperative and post- 
partum patients. The Flexitone binder is 
designed to provide comfortable support 
without compromise of muscle tone. It will 
not roll, ride or chafe and provides enough 
"give" to allow freedom for the muscles to 
expand and contract. 
The binders are anatomically designed 
and sized for both male and female patients. 
They are lined for comfort and may be 
laundered repeatedly without loss of resi- 
liency. 
Uses - The Flexitone surgical binder is 
used after abdominal surgery, after normal 
delivery or caesarian section, for chest sup- 
port in fractures and surgery, and for back 
support. 


Cerevon-S 
(CALMIC) 
Description - Cerevon-S is a combina- 
tion of ferrous succinate 150 mg. and suc- 
cinic acid 110 mg. 


Indications - Used in the treatment of 
iron deficiency anemia. Compared to 
other methods of treating iron deficiency 
anemia, Cerevon-S showed a more rapid 
rate of hemoglobin rise and a higher final 
hemoglobin level after twenty weeks. It is 
also effective in some patients who do not 
respond to conventional oral iron. 
Dosages - One capsule t.Ld. between 
meals or as prescribed. When given be- 
tween meals, the period of maximum ab- 
sorption, Cerevon-S produces minimal intol- 
erance, although gastrointestinal disturb- 
ances, eg., diarrhea, constipation, heart- 
burn, can occur. 
For further information, contact Calmic 
Limited, 16 Curity Avenue, Toronto 16, 
Onto 


Ger-o-Foam 
(WINLEY-MORRIS) 
Description - Benzocaine 3%, methyl 
salicylate 30%, in a neutralized emulsion 
base containing volatile oils. 
Indications - Ger-o-Foam is an anesthe- 
tic analgesic foam used to increase mobility 
of limbs in musculo-skeletal involvements. 
The formulation permits penetration of 
the medicaments into the deeper structures 
underlying the skin to relieve pain and 
stiffness in rheumatoid and osteoarthritis; 
painful limbs following cerebrovascular 
accident; painful healed fracture, low back 
pam; sprains; etc. 
Directions - Apply to affected part 
and massage in gently. 
For information contact: Winley-Morris 
Co. Ltd., 2795 Bates Rd., Montreal 26, P.Q. 


Tussagesic 
(ANCA) 
Description - Each time-release tablet 
contains triaminic 50 mg., dormethan 
30 mg., terpin hydrate 180 mg., and aceta 
minophen 325 mg. 
Indications - For relief of symptoms of 
the common cold. Tussagesic decongests, 
relieves pain, breaks up cough and provides 
effective expectorant action. 
Dosages - For adults and children over 
12 years - one tablet, swallowed whole, 
in morning, mid-afternoon and at bedtime. 
Tussagesic is also available in suspension 
form. Both tablets and suspension can 
cause occasional drowsiness, blurred vision. 
cardiac palpitations, flushing, dizziness, 
nervousness or gastrointestinal upsets. 
For further information, contact ANCA 
Laboratories, 1377 Lawrence Ave., East, 
Toronto, Ontario. 


MARCH 1967 



dates 


April 27-29, 1967 
Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario, 
annual meeting. Royal York Hotel, 
Toronto. 


May 4-6, 1967 
St. Boniface Hospital, School of Nursing, 
25th Reunion of the 1942 Graduating 
Closs. Would members of the 1942 
graduating closs please write to 
Miss F.E. Taylor, R.N., 
10123-122 Street, Edmonton. 


May 8-12, 1967 
Notional League for Nursing, Biennial 
Convention. Theme: "Nursing in the Health 
Revolution." New York Hilton Hotel, 
New York City. 


May 16-19, 1967 
Alberto Association of Registered Nurses 
Annual Meeting, Chateau Lacombe, 
Edmonton, Alberto. 


May 19-21, 1967 
60th Anniversary reunion of the Royal 
Inland Hospital School of Nursing, 
Kamloops, B.C. For further information 
write: Mrs. Sylvia Lum, Suite "C", 
248 Victoria St., Kamloops, B.C. 


May 24-26, 1967 
Saskatchewan Association of 
Registered Nurres Annual Meeting. 
Saskatoon. 


May 24-26, 1967 
International Symposium on Electrical 
Activity of the Heart, London, Ontario. 
For further information write to 
Dr. G.W. Manning, Victoria Hospital, 
London, Onto 


May 29-31, 1967 
Operating Room Nurses' Fourth Ontario 
Conference, The Inn on the Park, 
Toronto, Ont. Sponsored by the Operating 
Room Nurses of Greater Toronto. Direct 
inquiries to: Mrs. Eleanor Conlin, R.N., 
437 Glen Pork Avenue, Apt. 309, 
Toronto 19, Onto 


May 31-June 2, 1967 
Registered Nurses' Association of Novo 
Scotia Annual Meeting, Sydney, N.S. 


MclY 31-June 2, 1967 
Registered Nurses' Association of British 
Columbia Annual Meeting, Bayshore Inn, 
Vancouver, B.C. 


MARCH 1967 


May 31-June 2, 1967 
New Bn.mswick Association 
of Registered Nurses Annual 
Meeting. The Playhouse, Fredericton. 


June 4-16, 1967 
University of Windsor, 6th annual 
residential summer course on alcohol and 
problems of addiction. Co-sponsored by 
the University of Windsor and the Alcohol 
and Drug Addiction Foundation of Ontario. 
Limited enrollment. Enquiries to: Director, 
Summer Course, Addiction Research 
Foundation, 24 Harbord St., Toronto 5, Onto 


June 5-8, 1967 
Atlantic Provinces Hospital Association, 
Annual Meeting. 


June 8-9, 1967 
Manitoba Association of Registered 
Nurses' Annual Meeting to be held 
in connection with the Western Regional 
Hospital Conference 


June 12-15 1967 
Canadian Dietetic Association, 32nd 
Convention, Château Laurier, Ottowa. 


June 18-21, 1967 
Ottowa Civic Hospital, Centennial Home 
Coming. Alumnae or former associates of 
the Ottowa Civic Hospital who are 
interested in the program should write to: 
Executive Director, Ottowa Civic Hospital. 


June 24, 1967 
St. Joseph's Hospital School of Nursing, 
Toronto, Centennial Reunion. Any graduates 
who do not receive alumnae newsletters, 
please send nome and address to: 
St. Joseph's Hospital School of Nursing 
Alumnae, 30 The Queensway, Toronto 3, 
Ontario. 


July, 1967 
75th Anniversary, Nova Scotia Hospital 
School of Nursing, Dartmouth, N.S. All 
interested graduates please contact 
Mrs. G. Varheff, 20 Ellenvale Ave., 
Dartmouth, N.S. 


September 15-17, 1967 
70th Anniversary, Aberdeen Hospital School 
of Nursing, New Glasgow, Novo Scotia. 
Write: Mrs. Allison MacCulioch, R.R. #2, 
New Glasgow, Pictou Co., Novo Scotia. 


NEW FOR HOSPITALS 


the 
Autolope 


It responds 
to heat 
trea tment. 



 
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.. 


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". 


..... 


, 


....
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- -,.........

"... 

 ',.s 
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When the contents of the enve- 
lope are completely sterilized by 
the Autoclave, the indicator ink 
changes colour. This unique Gage 
Autolope is security folded and 
pressure-sensitive gummed to 
prevent contamination. It was de- 
veloped for Autoclaving with the 
help of medical, paper, printing, 
adhesive, and chemical experts. 
The Autolope is available now in 
an approved range of sizes. An- 
other new envelope idea from. . . 


Envelope Division 


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enjoys the business it's in. 
Envelopes. Stationery . Textbooks 
TORONTO. MONTREAL.VANCOUVEF 
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 23 



Plan Now For 


Basic Sciences 
BASIC PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY 
By Ellen E. Chaffee, R.N., M.N., M. Lilt.; and Esther 
M. Greisheimer, Ph.D., M.D. 
Physiology and anatomy are skillfully fused in this text 
designed for the freshman nursing student. Realistic 
clinical applications clarify scientific principles. Chap- 
ters are amplified by summaries and questions. Testing 
program for instructors' use is available upon request. 
656 Pages 371 lIlustrations, 45 in color, plus Videograf 
1964 $7.75. 
LABORATORY MANUAL IN 
PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY 
By Ellen E. Chaffee, R.N., M.N., M. Lilt. 
Organized into twenty-four laboratory units with em- 
phasis on the normal human body. Practical applica- 
tions animate the principles. Study questions follow 
each lesson. 260 Pages lIlustrated 1963 $2.60. 
PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY: 
With Practical Considerations 
By Esther M. Greisheimer, Ph.D., M.D.; with the 
assistance of J. Robert Troyer, Ph.D. 
A text designed to meet the needs of students in general 
courses as well as those directly applied to nursing. 
Physiology and anatomy are featured in separate chap- 
ters according to body systems. Content is enlivened 
by practical considerations pertaining to broad health 
problems. 894 Pages 430 lIlustrations, plus Videograf 
8th Edition, 1963 $9.50. 
ESSENTIALS OF CHEMISTRY 
By Gretchen O. Luros, M.A.; and Jack C. Towne, 
Ph.D. 
Provides the student with a strong foundation in inor- 
ganic, organic and particularly physiologic chemistry. 
New data incorporated in the 7th Edition includes car- 
bohydrates, lipids, proteins, metabolism, nucleic acids, 
enzymes, vitamins, inorganic body requirements and 
hormones. 356 Pages 101 lIlustrations 7th Edition, 
1966 $6.50. 
INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL PHYSICS 
By J. Trygve Jemen, Ed. D. 
A clarification of the physical principles underlying 
nursing procedures and an explanation of the scientific 
framework upon which qualified nursing activities de- 
pend. Virtually all the basic laws of physics employed 
in nursing are discussed. 240 Pages 139 lIlustrations 
1960 Paperbound $3.75. 
BASIC MICROBIOLOGY 
By Margaret F. Wheeler, R.N., A.M.; and Wesley A. 
V olk, Ph.D. 
A clear and concise introduction to the basic aspects 
of microbiology. Coverage includes: discussions of 
bacteria, protozoa, viruses, rickettsiae and other micro- 
organisms and their relevance to health and disease. 
Pathogens are grouped according to portal of entry, 
in reldtion to body systems. Chapter summaries, ques- 
tions, illustrations and charts contribute to overall 
clarity. 389 Pages 163 lIlustrations 1964 $6.25. 


NUTRITION IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 
By Lenna F. Cooper, Sc.D.; Edith M. Barber, M.S.; 
Helen S. Mitchell, Ph.D., Sc.D.; and Henderika J. Ryn- 
bergen, M.S.; with the assistance of Jessie C. Greene, 
B.S. 
Because of vigorous streamlining, this book has gained 
in versatility both as a text for basic nutrition courses 
and for diet therapy. The 14th Edition includes up-to- 
date tables, bibliography, and an expanded glossary. 
615 Pages 101 lIlustrations 14th Edition, 1963 $7.50. 


Clinical Nursing 
SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING 
(Formerly Science Principles Applied to 
Nursing) 
By Madelyn T. Nordmark, R.N., M.S.; Anne W. Roh- 
weder, R.N., M.N. 
To bridge the gap between scientific theory and clinical 
practice. This book should be in every student's hands. 
It is an indispensable tool for problem solving, nursing 
diagnosis, intervention, and review. About 250 Pages 
2nd Edition, 1967 Paperbound, about $5.00 Cloth- 
bound, about $7.00. 


FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING: 
The Humanities And The Sciences In 
Nursing 
By Elinor V. Fuerst, R.N., M.A.; and LuVerne Wolff, 
R.N., M.A. 
This text is designed to give the student a sound underi 
standing of the principles underlying all nursing action. 
The problem-solving approach is stressed to enable 
the student to act flexibly and analytically in any given 
situation. Emphasis is on "core" content common to 
every area of nursing practice. 661 Pages 158 lIlustra- 
tions 3rd Edition, 1964 $6.50. 


PROGRAMMED MATHEMATICS OF 
DRUGS AND SOLUTIONS 
By Mabel E. Weaver, R.N., M.S.; and Vera J. Koehler, 
R.N., M.N. 
Shows the student - step by step - how to apply her 
basic knowledge of mathematics to the administration 
of drugs and solutions. The 1966 Printing contains a 
chapter on medications for infants and children. 109 
Pages 1966 Printing Paperbound, $2.25. 


FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICATIONS: 
Dosages, Solutions and Mathematics 
By Joy B. Plein. Ph.D.; and Elmer M. Plein, Ph.D. 
Uniquely keyed to current nursing practice, this new 
text-workbook for Pharmacology 1 includes: sources 
of drugs, dosage forms, routes of administration, 
mathematics of drug administration, medication orders, 
pediatric dosages and legislation regulating the use of 
drugs. About 125 Pages New, 1967 Paperbound, about 
$3.50. 



Fall Classes 


CARE OF THE ADULT PATIENT: 
Medical-Surgical Nursing 
By Dorothy W. Smith, R.N., Ed.D.; Claudia D. Gips, 
R.N., Ed.D. 
Extensively rewritten, this patient-centered textbook is 
more valuable than ever to the instructor and student. 
Relevant concepts from the life sciences have been 
integrated throughout the text. New nursing principles 
and practices created by medical progress have been 
included. 1206 Pages 406 Illustrations 2nd Edition, 
1966 $11.25. 
TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL-SURGICAL 
NURSING 
By Lillian Sholtis Brunner, R.N., M.S.; Charles Phillips 
Emerson, Jr., M.D.; L. Kraeer Ferguson, M.D., 
F.A.C.S.; and Doris Smith Suddarth, R.N., M.S.N. 
This comprehensive textbook of nursing care provides 
a wealth of information and an intelligent understand- 
ing of every patient regarding altered physiology, signs 
and symptoms, management of his condition and 
problems, appreciation of emotional state and rehabili- 
tation. 1198 Pages 509 Illustrations, 48 in color 1964 
$12.50. 
PATIENT STUDIES IN MEDICAL- 
SURGICAL NURSING 
By Jane Secor, R.N., M.A. 
Twenty-six patient studies focus on patients as persons 
who have major medical or surgical problems, and who 
require creative nursing care. The author skillfully 
interweaves ethics, the hospital milieu, legal implica- 
tions, interpersonal relationships, psychosocial aspects, 
and the family. About 400 Pages New, 1967 Paper- 
bound, about $5.25. 


BASIC PSYCHIATRIC CONCEPTS 
IN NURSING 


By Charles K. Hof/ing, M.D.; Madeleine M. Leininger, 
M.S.N., Ph.D.; and Elizabeth A. Bregg, R.N., B.S. 
Advances in psychiatry with implications for increased 
nursing responsibilities are reflected in this new edition. 
Problem-solving, process recording and short and 
long-term nursing goals are stressed. Nurse-patient in- 
teraction is clarified by patient studies. Helpful sum- 
maries follow each chapter. About 575 Pages 2nd Edi- 
tion, 1967 About $7.00. 


PATIENT STUDIES IN MATERNAL 
AND CHILD NURSING: 
A Family-Centered Student Guide 
By Ann L. Clark, R.N., M.A.; Hella M. Hakerem, 
R.N., M.A.; Stephanie C. Basara, R.N., M.A.; and 
Diane A. Walano, R.N., M.A. 
Designed for integrated maternal-child nursing courses, 
this book also correlates effectively where obstetrics 
and pediatrics are taught separately. Realistic patient 
situations enable the student to identify the nursing 
needs of mothers and children and to plan nursing 
action based on her knowledge of the sciences. 305 
Pages 1966 Paperbound, $5.00 Clothbound, $7.25. 


MATERNITY NURSING 
By Elise Fitzpatrick, R.N., M.A.; Nicholson J. East- 
man, M.D.; and Sharon Reeder, R.N., M.S. 
Family-centered throughout, the II th Edition has been 
brought completely up-to-date. "This is the book for 
which we have been waiting," writes one instructor, 
"it is readable, the illustrations are excellent, and the 
family-centered approach is of infinite value." 638 
Pages 311 Illustrations I I th Edition, 1966 $8.00. 


ESSENTIALS OF PEDIATRIC NURSING 
By Florence G. Blake, R.N., M.A.; and F. Howell 
Wright, M.D. 
Offers the student a rich source of material on all 
phases of the nursing of children, i.e., how to recog- 
nize, understand, appreciate and meet the emotional, 
physical and social needs of the child. Presented ac- 
cording to age levels from birth to adolescence. 815 
Pages 237 Illustrations 7th Edition, 1963 $8.00. 


FOUNDATIONS OF PEDIATRIC NURSING 
By Violet Broadribb, R.N., M.S. 
A "shorter" presentation, confined to the cardinal prin- 
ciples involved in the nursing of children. In this new 
text the author provides commonsense guidance and 
specific suggestions for nursing action. Content is struc- 
tured according to age groups. About 600 Pages 1967 
Paperbound, about $5.00 Clothbound, about $7.50. 


For Senior Seminars 
SOCIAL INTERACTION AND 
PATIENT CARE 
Edited by James K. Skipper, Jr., Ph.D.; and Robert C. 
Leonard, Ph.D. 
This well-researched book of readings serves as a link 
between the social sciences and clinical practice. Its 
35 articles, accompanied by editorial commentary, deal 
with the nurse's role, communication, the patient's 
view, structural and cultural environment, and role 
conflicts. 400 Pages 1965 Paperbound $4.75. 


PROFESSIONAL NURSING 
Foundations, Perspectives and 
Relationships 
By Eugenia K. Spalding, R.N., M.A., D.H.L.; and 
Lucille E. Notter, R.N., Ed.D. 
This text presents the student with the essential final 
step in the process of evolving into an independently 
thinking and acting professional person, with a broad 
view of the traditions, trends, opportunities and chal- 
lenges of nursing. 684 Pages 75 Illustrations 7th Edi- 
tion, 1965 $8.50. 


-:::LiPPincot
 
60 FRONT STREET WEST, TORONTO 1, ONTARIO 



Katherine E. MacLaggan 


A Tribute 


Katherine E. MacLaggan, president of the Canadian Nurses' Association, 
and director of the School of Nursing, University of New Brunswick, died 
February 6, 1967, in Saint John, New Brunswick. 
Her death brings to an end a career that provided outstanding leadership in 
Canadian nursing. 
Dr. MacLaggan was born in Fredericton, N.H., and received her early 
education and preparation as a teaoher in that city. Becoming interested in 
nursing, she entered the School of Nursing of the Royal Victoria Hospital. 
Montreal, and graduated in 1943. Following this, she enrolled in the McGill 
School for Graduate Nurses and obtained a diploma in public health nursing in 
1945. Two years later she returned to the same institution to complete require- 
ments for the degree of baohelor of nursing. 
In 1957 she obtained a master of arts degree from Teachers College, 
Columbia University, and in 1965, a doctor of education degree from the same 
university. 
Dr. MacLaggan's professional experience includes staff positions at the 
Royal Victoria Hospital, in industry, and in the public health nursing service 
of the New Brunswick Department of Health. Prior to her appointment as the 
first director of the University of New Brunswick Sohool of Nursing in 1958, 
she was assistant director of public health nursing in the province and a faculty 
member of Teachers' College, Fredericton. 
Some nurses will remember Katherine MacLaggan as a capable, humanistic 
practitioner of nursing. Others will remember her as a superb teacher, an able 
administrator, an understanding counselor, and a gentlewoman of great integrity, 
courage, and strength of purpose. 
Many nurses of today and of future generations will remember Katherine 
MacLaggan for her perceptive observations and sound recommendations 
concerning nursing education. Her brilliant dissertation Portrait of Nursing: 
A Plan for the Education of Nurses in the Province of New Brunswick, in 
which she lucidly and forcefully set forth her philosophy of nursing and nursing 
education, has already provided a goal for educators in her native province. It 
is being examined with interest by educators in other provinces. 
Those who knew Katherine MacLaggan well, will remember her as a person 
first, and as a nurse second. She gave much of herself to many. She was never 
too busy to listen to a colleague's problems over a cup of coffee, or to take a 
visitor on a guided tour of her home city, Fredericton, of which she was so 
proud. 
In her Acceptance Address as newly-elected President of the Canadian 
Nurses' Association last July, Dr. MacLaggan stated: "You have a right [as 
CNA members] to demand that your president has integrity, will offer a leader- 
ship subject to guidance, and will make decisions and bear the consequences...." 
This integrity she had. This leadership she gave. 
The President continued: "Our conflict no longer concerns the problems 
themselves; it concerns the status quo versus change. It is a delusion to think 
that change can be avoided... The luxury of delay has disappeared. I ask you 
to provide, on every occasion, what is necessary to the implementation of an 
idea whose time has come. 
"If decisions, or policies, or laws, or persons prove to be inadequate to the 
ongoing scheme of things, remember that these are not forever and can be 
changed at the next time of decision taking. What remain forever are: intellectual 
honesty, values, courage, action and results." 
This was her philosophy. 


26 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


MARCH 1967 



\ 


. 


. . 


MARCH 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 27 



Telegrams Expressed Grief... 


Immediately following the untimely death of Katherine E. MacLagsan, 
President of the Canadian Nurses' Association, many expressions of sympathy 
were received at National Office. 


From individuals 
"Our sympathy and prayers go out to you. .. at this 
sad time. Katherine's great contribution to nursing in 
Canada will remain always a tribute to her name. - 
Penny Stiver." (Former Executive Director, Canadian 
Nurses' Association.) 
". . . I share your sorrow. At the same time, I asso- 
ciate myself with wider groups in nursing nationally and 
internationally, in grateful tribute to Katherine E. Mac- 
Laggan's magnificent contribution in leadership, vision, 
and courage. - Dorothy Percy, Ottawa." (Former Chief 
Nursing Consultant, Department of National Health and 
Welfare.) 
"To the nurses of Canada, deepest sympathy on the 
great loss in death of your President. - Lucy D. Ger- 
main, Assistant Director, Pennsylvania Hospital, Phila- 
delphia." (Former Executive Director of the American 
Journal of Nursing Company.) 
From hospital and university staff 
"On behalf of all nursing staff... we convey... our 
profound regret at the loss of Dr. Katherine E. Mac- 
Laggan, our National President. We were keenly aware of 
and proud of her professional stature. For those now 
entrusted with providing continuity for the task to which 
she brought such distinction, we offer our deepest sym- 
pathy and support. - Helen D. Penney, Director of 
Nursing, Central Newfoundland Hospital, Grand Falls, 
Nfld." 


"Sincere condolences on the death of Dr. Katherine E. 
MacLaggan, CNA President. Miss R. Cunningham, 
Director, School of Nursing, St. Paul's Hospital, Van- 
couver, B. C." 


"Please accept our sincere condolences on the death 
of our Association President, Dr. Katherine E. MacLag- 
gan. - Faculty, Misericordia School of Nursing, Win- 
nipeg, Manitoba." 
"The Faculty and Students. . . extend. . . to the Can- 
adian Nurses' Association their sincere sympathy in the 
loss of one who has contributed so much to nursing. - 
Lillian Brady, Director of Nursing Education. Halifax 
Infirmary School of Nursing, Halifax, N.S." 
"Personnally and on behalf of the nursing staff of 
the University of Alberta Hospital, I extend sincere 
sympathy. - M. Geneva Purcell, Director of Nursing. 
University of Alberta Hospita1." 
"The board and staff... express their sympathy to 
the Canadian Nurses' Association in the death of their 
president, Dr. Katherine E. MacLaggan. - Director of 
Nursing. Moose Jaw Union Hospital, Moose Jaw, Sask." 
"Very sensitive to your loss. Sympathy and prayers. 
- Sister Françoise Robert and Faculty, School of Nurs- 
ing, University of Ottawa." 
From government personnel 
"We join the nurses of this and other countries in 
28 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


paying tribute to Katherine MacLaggan. We join her 
friends and family in gratitude for her life and in sorrow 
for her death. Our sincere sympathies. - Senior Nursing 
Officers of the Department of National Health and 
Welfare." 


"The Deputy Minister and Officials of the Department 
of Health join me in extending to you. .. sincere con- 
dolences on your great loss. - Stephen H. Weyman, 
M.D., Minister of Health, Province of New Brunswick." 
"Most sincere regrets from administrative and nursing 
staff on death of Dr. Katherine E. MacLaggan. Her 
efforts in the field of nursing will exert a lasting influence 
in Canada and internationally. - O.H. Curtis, M.D., 
C.M., D.P.H., Deputy Minister of Health, Province of 
Prince Edward Island." 


From associations 
"Sincere condolences. .. Katherine MacLaggan was a 
great lady and a distinguished leader in Canadian nurs- 
ing. - President and Members, Association of Nurses 
of the Province of Quebec." 
"Our heartfelt sympathy on the death of Dr. Kathe- 
rine E. MacLaggan. - Nurses of the Labrador City 
Wabush Chapter, Labrador." 
"Deeply regret to learn of the death of your Presi- 
dent. Dr. Katherine MacLaggan was a most dedicated 
educator and leader. Her presence will be surely missed. 
- Chaiker Abbis, President, Canadian Hospital As- 
sociation." 


"Regret untimely passing of Katherine E. MacLaggan 
who made unique contribution to nursing education and 
the national organization. - M.T. MacFarland, M.D., Re- 
gistrar, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Winnipeg, 
Manitoba. " 
"The deepest regrets of our Association on the death 
of your President. - W.C. Sinnott, Secretary, Hospital 
Association of Prince Edward Island." 
"The ANA grieves with you over the untimely death 
of Katherine E. MacLaggan, well known to us for her 
forward-looking and progressive leadership in nursing. 
We extend our deepest sympathy with the sad realiza- 
tion that your loss is our loss too. - Judith G. Whitaker, 
Executive Director, American Nurses Association, New 
York. " 
"Deepest sympathy to the Canadian Nurses' Associa- 
tion and to all Canadian nurses on the death of Presi- 
dent Katherine E. MacLaggan. Am notifying ICN mem- 
ber associations. - Sheila Quinn, Deputy Executive 
Director, International Council of Nurses, Geneva, Swit- 
zerland. " 


"The members of the Association of Nurses of Prince 
Edward Island share with you at CNA Headquarters 
a great personal loss in the early death of our President, 
Dr. Katherine E. MacLaggan. - Helen L. Bolger, 
Executive Secretary Registrar, ANPEI." 


MARCH 1967 



The disparity in health standards bet- 
ween the Arctic and southern Canada 
has prompted a committee of the Cana- 
dian Pediatric Society to study the 
Eskimo health problems, and to make 
suggestions as to how pediatricians can 
cooperate with and support the pro- 
grams presently being carried out by 
the Northern Health Services of the 
Department of Health and Welfare. As 
a result, in July of 1965, The Montreal 
Children's Hospital started to send a 
senior pediatric resident each month 
to serve in the new 28-bed hospital at 
Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island. 
A harsh land 
The health problems of the arctic 
must be considered in relation to th\': 
geography, climate, and the history of 
its people. The 1,253,000 square miles 
of land comprising the Northwest Terri- 
tories equal the combined area of the 
Atlantic Provinces, Quebec, Ontario, 
and Manitoba. Distance alone creates 
a problem in survival. In the Eastern 
Arctic (Baffin and Ellesmere Islands) 
Precambrian rocks form mountains, 
often divided by glaciers, which rise to 
10,000 feet and fall in spectacular 
cliffs into majestic fjords. The vegeta- 
tion consists only of lichens, mosses 
and a few shrubs. 
In this land, the dog sled or skidoo 
is useful only on the coastal areas 
during the winter. Effective transporta- 
tion of men and materials depends on 
the airplane in winter, and on coastal 
vessels during the short summer. 
MARCH 1967 


Medical care of 
Eskimo children 


Small northern hospitals now have something new - a pediatric resident. 


N. Steinmetz, M.D. 


During break-up and freeze-up most 
transportation comes to a standstill, 
although some of the larger settlements 
have landing strips on firm soil. Radio 
is still the chief means of communica- 
tion. 
The climate makes severe demands 
on housing and clothing. Great skill is 
required to live off the land. Between 
November and February it is genuinely 
cold, the temperature falling to minus 
30-40 degrees F, and only in June, 
July and August does the average tem- 
perature rise to 40-45 degrees F. Strong 
winds and blowing snow are the chief 
hazards in overland travel. 


A hard life 
Traditionally, all the Eskimos lived 
along the coast in family units, and 
moved to follow the game upon which 
their survival depended. Starting as 
early as 1000 A.D., but mainly between 
the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries, 
they had increasing contact with white 
explorers. During the 1800's they dealt 
with whalers, fur traders, and mission- 
aries. Gradually they settled near 
trading posts as the latter developed, 
and sought employment there. The 
white man established these settlements 
according to criteria that satisfied his 
own requirements. 
The town of Frobisher Bay, for ex- 
ample, was never an Eskimo settle- 


Dr. Steinmetz is pediatric resident at The 
Montreal Children's Hospital, and particip- 
ated in the program at Frobisher Bay. 


ment. In 1914 the Hudson Bay Com- 
pany established a trading post else- 
where on the Bay. In 1942, the United 
States built a military airfield in Fro- 
bisher, obviously because it was a good 
place to have an airfield, not because 
the area was a good hunting ground. 
Of the approximately 3,000 Eskimos in 
the Eastern Arctic, nearly one-half of 
them now live in Frobisher Bay, which 
is for them an artificial location. Here, 
as in other such settlements, the men 
find little opportunity to use their 
special skills for hunting and arctic 
survival. Consequently these skills are 
as foreign to the new generation as 
they are to us. The Royal Canadian 
Mounted Police now teach Eskimo 
Boy Scouts how to make igloos. 
Education, as we know it, is now 
being provided to children, but the 
percentage of the population over 15 
years of age without schooling is re- 
markably high - 34 percent in the 
North West Territories compared with 
1.4 percent in the rest of Canada.! The 
birth rate is more than twice that of 
the rest of Canada; the under-four- 
years age-group comprises the largest 
group of the Eskimo population in the 
Eastern Arctic. Hence the interest of 
Canadian pediatricians in improving 
the medical care of these people. 


Pediatric care essential 
The economic situation is such that 
a bare, prefabricated, one-room dwel- 
ling (4 walls, 1 roof, 2 windows) costs 
$1000, a gallon of fuel oil costs 60ç, a 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 29 




 



 



 



 


30 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


--....... 


# 


J 


, 
. 


'- 


gallon of water 1
. The per capita 
income of the northern Eskimo is $426 
per year compared to $1,734 for the 
rest of Canada.:! Under these conditions 
it is difficult to build an environment 
conducive to good health. Diseases that 
could be prevented by education, im- 
proved living standards, and accessibili- 
ty of treatment still take a huge toll in 
life. 
The task of providing effective me- 
dical care to this scattered population 
is presently being attempted by the 28- 
bed Frobisher Bay Hospital under three 
doctors, by the 28-bed missionary 
hospital in Pangnirtung, which is staffed 
by three very able nurses, by several 
nursing stations, and by lay dispensers 
in small outposts. 
The infant death rate per 1000 live 
births is 6
 times that for the rest of 
Canada, and the death rate for children 
one to four years of age is 15 times 
that for the rest of Canada. 3 


Death Rates for Infants Under I Year 
of Age - Per 100,000 Live Births. 4 
NWT P.Q. Canada 
Lower Respiratory 
Tract Infection 5458 473 434 
Gastroenteritis 1463 153 120 


--'- 


The death rate of female children 
is significantly greater than that for 
males. 
Three out of five children are born 
at home, delivered by women who have 
learned the art from their ancestors. 
Pre-and postnatal care, as we know it, 
is difficult to provide for such a far- 
flung population. 


Simple diseases have serious effects 
Among the greatest causes of death 
in infants under one year of age are 
lower respiratory tract infections and 
gastroenteritis, each 12
 and 12 times 
as common as in the rest of Canada. II 
These figures all look very dramatic, 
but it must be remembered that they 
have to be interpreted with care, due 
to the small number of the population. 
The Eskimos living on the trading 
post no longer have easy access to 
their native diet, and cannot afford nor 
know how to choose a balanced diet 
MARCH 1967 



from the variety of foods available in 
the white man's stores. All too often 
potato chips and soft drinks form a dis- 
proportionate amount of their pur- 
chase. As a result malnutrition is mani- 
fested by the appearance of vitamin D 
deficiency, rickets, and iron deficiency 
anemia. These diseases are not seen in 
the more remote camps where raw 
meat is the staple diet- 
Impetigo, upper respiratory tract in- 
fections, and draining ears are common- 
place. Our experience suggests that in 
the Eastern Arctic there is a relation- 
ship between middle ear disease and 
social conditions. as was demonstrated 
by Cambon et al 6 in the Western 
Arctic. 
Several epidemics of viral disease 
have been recorded. 7 They have been 
more severe in remote areas than in 
more concentrated populations where 
immunological resistance is higher. 
With this in mind, a widespread pro- 
gram of measles vaccination has re- 
cently been undertaken by the Northern 
Health Service. 
Memophilus influenza and meningo- 
coccal meningitis have been reported 
to occur more frequently than in the 
rest of Canada. In Frobisher Bay we 
have seen five to seven cases per month 
whereas the average from a much larger 
population at The Montreal Children's 
Hospital is 4.4 cases per month. Poor 
housing. inadequate nutrition in settle- 
ments, and resulting decreased resistan- 
ce are likely contributory causes. 


Chronic disease is common 
The increasing influx of transient 
laborers has been associated with a 
rising incidence of venereal disease in 
adolescents. 
Routine chest roentgenograms of 
Eskimo children referred to The Mon- 
treal Children's Hospital for various 
reasons have frequently demonstrated 
a diffuse chronic non-tuberculous lung 
disease. Clinically, the child mayor may 
not cough, and sometimes no adventi- 
tious sounds are heard on auscultation. 
The significance of these findings is 
not known, nor is the cause or course. 
Tuberculosis has been a problem in 
the Eskimo population only since the 
MARCH 1967 


second half of the 1800's, when con- 
tact with whalers, trappers, and traders 
became established. As late as 1955-57 
Schaefer 8 estimated that 5- 1 0 percent 
of all Eskimos reached by the Eastern 
Arctic Patrol had to be evacuated for 
treatment of active tuberculosis. A vi- 
gorous program of BCG vaccination. 
case finding, and treatment is reducing 
this problem. 


A. new frontier 
The government departments dealing 
with Canada's northland have made 
great strides in recent years in improv- 
ing living and health standards of the 
Eskimo, and in providing education 
and training. However, much remains 
to be done. In the same spirit in which 
other Canadian university centers have 
initiated medical services in the North, * 
so The Montreal Children's Hospital is 
sending its residents to Frobisher Bay. 
Here they are responsible for those 
children requiring special medical care, 
and as a result are often able to reduce 
evacuations for treatment. 
The residents run two well-baby 
clinics a week, and work in the out- 
patients department every afternoon. 
An important aspect of their work is 
the provision of follow-up care to those 
children who have returned from The 
Montreal Children's Hospital after 
having been treated there. Thus, com- 
munication between the two hospitals 
has improved greatly. We hope that by 
complementing the work of the North- 
ern Health Service, their presence will 
improve the medical care of Eskimo 
children. 
The project has already proven its 
worth as a training experience by de- 
monstrating how much can be achieved 
far away from a sophisticated medical 
center. Residents are more intimately 
involved with the family and the child's 
home. Much interest in the medical 
problems of the Arctic is already being 


*Queen's University, Kingston, Ont., sends 
interns to Moose Factory in Northern On- 
tario, and the University of Alberta pro- 
vides intern service for the Inuvik area at 
the mouth of the Mackenzie River in the 
Northwest Territories. 


stimulated as a result of this contact. 
In summary, we "Southerners" have 
been responsible for disturbing the 
ecology of the Arctic. We have tempted 
the Eskimo with our way of life, and 
made him dependent on our technolo- 
gy. As these programs of medical 
service mature, we hope they will help 
to restore the new generation to better 
health. This done, the Eskimo will be 
able to benefit from the training and 
education that can equip him to parti- 
cipate in our civilization. 
References 
l. The Northwest Territories Today. A re- 
ference paper for the Advisory commis- 
sion on the Development of Govern- 
ment in the Northwest Territories. Ot- 
tawa, Queen's Printer, 1965, p. 18. 
2. Ibid., p. 123. 
3. Ibid., p. 19. 
4. Dominion Bureau of Statistics. Vital 
Statistics 84-202 (1960) Ottawa, Queen's 
Printer, 1962. 
5. Ibid. 
6. Cambon, K., Galbraith, J.D., and Kong, 
G. Middle Ear Disease in Indians of 
the Mount Currie Reservation, British 
Columbia. CMAJ, 93: 1301, 1965. 
7. Schaeffer, Otto, Medical Observations 
and Problems in the Canadian Arctic. 
CMAJ. 81: 248, 1959. 
8. Ibid. 0 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 31 



Nursing in 
the North 


Nuning on Conodo's modern-doy 
frontier offen 0 wide voriety 
of experience ond numerous 
opportunities. Nunes ore essentiol 
in bringing 0 heolth program 
to the vast northern area of 
Canada where geography is the 
single greatest enemy of health. 


32 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Health care to the more than 200,000 
residents scattered over 3,500,000 square 
miles of territory is provided by the 
Medical Services Branch of the Department 
of National Health and Welfare. 


Over 800 nurses, working in hospitals or 
from nursing stations and health centers 
located in trading posts and settlements, 
meet the challenge of providing 
comprehensive, community-type health 
programs - even such programs 
as managing your first two-wheeler. 


, 


, 
'\ 
\ 
,\ 



 

' 


The northern nurse's responsibilities include 
communicable disease control; 
immunization programs; health supervision 
and teaching through home visits, 
child-health, pre- and postnatal clinics; 
and health consultant in home, 
school and community. 


This 28-bed hospital at Frobisher Bay 
is one of 16 hospitals maintained 
by the Medical Services Branch. 


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MARCH 1967 




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The hospitals conform to federal standards 
and are built in accord with the north's 
special needs. They are well-equipped and 
are far from primitive. 


Outpost nursing stations, 42 of them, ure 
located in isolated areas that hal'e no 
resident physician. Two nurses, one well- 
qualified in obstetrical nursing, and one 
with public health preparation, staff 
these centers for emergency care and 
n'acuation of the seriously ill. 


':!' 


Visiting nurses work mainly from health 
clinics in semi-isolated centers. The nurse 
in the north tral'els by any means al'ailable: 
plane, canoe, dog-team, fishing boat, 
and, where there are roads, car. 


School health IS one aspect of the total 
community program. The nurse and teacher 
work together to strengthen home and 
school health. 


=-=- " I '!
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Winter working dress for the public health 
nurses includes a nath'e parka and ski 
outfit. A new uniform is being made up 
and will include a dress suit, topcoat, 
slack outfit, and ski suit. D 


MARCH 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 33 



During the last half-dozen years, the 
School of Nursing and the Medical 
School at Dalhousie University have 
become aware that nurses serving in 
the remote, sparsely populated areas 
of Canada's Northland are required to 
provide ca:e far beyond the horizons 
defined by nursing education in Cana- 
da. Dr. Robert C. Dickson, Professor 
of Medicine at Dalhousie University 
Medical School, and others have had 
opportunity for travel and observation 
in the Canadian North, and a liaison 
has developed between the University 
and one organization providing north- 
ern health services. 
Everywhere in the North the provi- 
sion of health services tends to follow 
one general pattern. Regional hospitals, 
preferably with several doctors, are 
surrounded by satellite nursing stations 
staffed by one or more nurses. Trans- 
portation, usually by air, is provided 
from the satellite nursing station to the 
regional hospital when weather condi- 
tions permit, and some sort of radio 
communication is maintained between 
them. 
The nursing stations vary in size and 
facilities offered, but they serve as a 
center for the health program through- 
out the surrounding district, providing 
outpatient clinics at the nursing station, 
a few beds for inpatients, and a public 
health program. A midwifery service is 
provided, and there are beds and 
bassinets in the station for obstetrical 
patients. Initial care for seriously ill 
patients awaiting transport to the re- 
34 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Outpost nursing 


A new program at Dalhousie University helps prepare nurses for positions in 
remote areas of the North. 


Ruth E. May, B.A., R.N., CM. 


gional hospital is given in the station, if 
possible under the radio direction of a 
doctor at the nearest hospital. 


A lack of doctors 
It is obvious that a nurse at a 
northern nursing station will be pro- 
viding services which fall within the 
prerogative of a doctor in other parts 
of Canada. Although a doctor may 
visit from time to time and be available 
for some radio consultation, many of 
the nurse's day-by-day activities will 
require judgment and skill beyond the 
scope of what we normally consider 
to be nursing. 
It is impossible to provide doctors 
now at this level; there are simply not 
enough available. Moreover, a familiar- 


Miss May is the newly appointed Lecturer 
in Outpost Nursing at the Dalhousie Uni- 
versity School of Nursing. She holds a B.A. 
degree from Wellesley College, Wellesley. 
Mass., and is a graduate of the Massachu- 
setts General Hospital School of Nursing 
in Boston. She received her midwifery 
preparation at the Frontier Nursing Service 
Graduate School of Midwifery in Kentucky, 
and has served for a number of years with 
the International Grenfell Association in 
northern Newfoundland and Labrador. For 
the past eight years she has been nurse- 
in-charge of the nursing station and sur- 
rounding district at Mary's Harbour, Labra- 
dor, an area in which about 1500 Labra- 
dor fishermen live. Miss May has also been 
a member of Nurses' Christian Fellowship. 


ity with this type of service leads one 
to feel that doctors should not be used 
at this grass roots level even if they 
were available. The total population 
served by one of these stations is small 
and often widely scattered. There is 
little to attract a doctor professionally. 
Diagnostic facilities are of necessity 
very limited in a station of this size. 
Any surgery requiring general anesthe- 
sia, no matter how minor, is usually 
not possible as there is normally no one 
qualified to give anesthesia safely. A 
very large number of the doctor's pa- 
tients would need to be referred to the 
regional hospital, often not because the 
doctor lacked the medical background 
to care for them, but because the re- 
quisite facilities would be lacking. 
[s it reasonable, one asks, for a per- 
son educated amid all the intricacies of 
latter twentieth century medicine to 
work where it is impossible for him to 
use a considerable portion of the know- 
ledge he has acquired and where 
further professional growth is neal1Y 
impossible? How much better for him 
to serve as a member of a medical 
team at a regional hospital and for 
specially prepared nurses to continue 
to serve at the nursing station level. 
As a familiarity with northern facil- 
ities developed, one fact became in- 
escapable. A large number of the 
nurses serving in northern nursing sta- 
tions are either foreign born or foreign 
educated. This pattern developed es- 
sentially because it was desirable for 
these nurses to have formal preparation 
MARCH 1967 



in midwifery, and such preparation is 
difficult to obtain on this side of the 
Atlantic. Gradually a conviction arose 
that facilities should be provided in 
Canada to help Canadian girls wishing 
to work in remote areas of the North. 
We hear much these days about the 
responsibility of the highly developed 
nations to the developing areas of the 
world and the personal rewards of this 
"Peace Corps" type of service. Why 
not a plan to prepare Canadian nurses 
for service in the isolated areas of the 
Canadian North, a plan which would 
include preparation not only in mid- 
wifery but in all the areas where the 
nurse is required to function beyond 
the scope of nursing elsewhere in 
Canada. 


A new program is born 
Thus the Outpost Nursing Program 
at Dalhousie was born. The entire fac- 
ulty of the School of Nursing and 
key persons at the University Medical 
I School have been most enthusiastic. A 
program extending over two calendar 
years has been planned and will be di- 
rected by a member of the University 
School of Nursing faculty who is a 
qualified midwife with an extensive 
background of northern service at the 
nursing station level. 
The first class, to be admitted in 
September, 1967, will be limited to 
eight students, as the clinical experience 
will be highly individualized with in- 
tensive tutorial type teaching maintain- 
ed in all areas. Applicants must be 
graduate nurses and are asked to have 
completed at least one year of pro- 
fessional nursing experience. Prepara- 
tion in public health nursing, a vital 
area in northern service, will be inte- 
grated throughout the program, and a 
university diploma in public health 
nursing as well as a diploma in outpost 
nursing will be awarded at the comple- 
tion of the program. Within the next 
year or two a shortened course for 
students who already have preparation 
in public health nursing will be devised. 
Students will spend their first year 
in Halifax. Lectures and seminars in 
basic public health nursing will be 
provided during this year and also 
clinical teaching within the areas of 
general medicine, surgery, pediatrics, 
and midwifery. Some lectures in ma- 
teria medica and some basic laboratory 
experience will be included. Three 
teaching hospitals in Halifax have of- 
fered clinical resources most enthu- 
siastically for the students, and 
clinical teaching and experience will 
be carried out there, primarily at 
the bedside, under the direction of 
medical school personnel working in 
cooperation with the lecturer in outpost 
nursing. Opportunity will be given for 
MARCH 1967 


the student to develop some skill in 
basic physical examination and also in 
various specific procedures such as the 
starting of intravenous infusions, su- 
turing, and the opening of superficial 
abscesses. 
The second year will consist of an 
internship under the direction of the 
University in a northern setting, using 
selected hospitals and nursing stations 
of the International Grenfell Associa- 
tion and the Department of National 
Health and Welfare. The students will 
spend half of this year exclusively 
within the area of midwifery at St. 
Anthony Hospital, St. Anthony, New- 
foundland. The remainder of the year 
will provide further teaching and su- 
pervised experience in public health 
nursing and in clinical medicine, sur- 
gery, and pediatrics. Opportunity will 
also be given for the students to de- 
velop some skill in routine dental 
extractions. 


Midwifery emphasized 
Particular care has been given to the 
development of the midwifery section 
of the program. A comprehensive nine- 
month experience has been arranged 
with three months during the first year 
in Halifax and the remainder during 
the internship year. Lectures will be 
given by the lecturer in outpost nursing 
and the obstetrical staffs of the hospi- 
tals involved. 
Each student will have the opportu- 
nity to care for in labor, and to deliver, 
approximately 30 to 40 women. Op- 
portunity to evaluate, follow, and con- 
tribute to the care of patients with 
abnormal courses will be provided. 
There will be extensive experience in 
antenatal clinics with emphasis on 
patient and family teaching. During the 
internship, when travel permits, there 
will be a program of weekly home 
visits to mothers and babies following 
discharge from hospital. 
Experience in postpartum care and 
management of the normal newborn 
and premature infant will be provided. 
As in all the clinical areas, teaching 
and supervision will be individualized 
on a tutorial pattern. 
This experience will use as a found- 
ation the three months in obstetrical 
nursing that students receive in their 
basic nursing education program. Al- 
though basic obstetrical nursing is not 
midwifery, it does serve as a very useful 
background, and some lectures review- 
ing and expanding this material will be 
given before the students embark on 
their full-time midwifery experience. 
At the end of the program, there- 
fore, the students will have completed 
a total of one year within the overall 
area, three months during the basic 
nursing course, and nine months during 


the outpost nursing program. This has 
been arranged to be equivalent not 
only in time but also in content with 
the British pattern of midwifery pre- 
paration, and the University feels that 
graduates of the program can be ex- 
pected to function at the same level of 
competence. It is hoped that the esta- 
blishment of this experience will re- 
present a significant achievement in the 
history of nursing education in Canada. 
Constant emphasis throughout the 
entire program will be given to the 
early recognition and evalution of sig- 
nificant illness and potential threats 
to the well-being of the patient and his 
family. The nurse must learn to initiate 
treatment or transfer the patient to a 
hospital before an emergency situation 
develops; one of her aims must be to 
prevent the development of emergency 
situations in isolated nursing stations 
whenever this is possible. However, 
there will be discussions of reasonable 
plans of action in unavoidable or un- 
predicted emergencies when medical 
aid or transport to hospital is not im- 
mediately available. 
Considerable thought has been given 
to the identification of those functions 
and procedures that can be taught 
safely to nurses and to those that she 
should avoid. h is essential that the 
students be taught to recognize and 
respect their limitations. It should be 
noted, also, that it is never intended 
for these students to use the specific 
skills developed within this program in 
other areas of Canada where such care 
is provided by resident doctors. 
Arduous, but rewarding 
The type of northern service for 
which this program in outpost nursing 
seeks to prepare nurses is arduous, and 
nurses considering service of this sort 
should face the demands realistically. 
There are likely to be emergency 
situations and tragedies that must 
sometimes be met and accepted alone. 
Many of the common amenities of 
twentieth century living will be lacking. 
There can be periods of drudgery and 
loneliness; in due time the glamor is 
likely to fade. However, those who 
have steeped themselves in this work 
have found the rewards far outweighing 
the demands. There will always be a 
tremendous challenge and satisfaction 
in attempting to provide the best 
possible service to those whose birth- 
right has included so much less than 
ours. 
Hundreds of years ago Jesus said to 
a group of his friends, 
"In so far as you rendered such 
services to one of the humblest of 
these my brethren, you rendered 
them to myself." - Matthew 25: 
40, (Weymouth). D 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 35 



Drug dependency research - 
expensive luxury or necessary 
commodity? 


Mood-changing drugs and their 
effects on those who ingest them have 
received much attention during the 
past few years. Drugs hold a special 
fascination - they at once attract and 
repel. Purveyors of juicy newspaper 
headlines, spicy television programs, 
lurid tales, are guaranteed a market. 
However, whatever sensational quali- 
ties drugs may have, only serious study 
will enhance our knowledge to the 
point where fact rather than fancy will 
prevail. 
Research, for the most part, is not 
sensational. Unless some spectacular 
scientific breakthrough is achieved, it 
does not merit newspaper headlines. 
It is often forgotten that behind each 
striking discovery are years and years 
of quiet and often frustrating research 
and experimentation. Serendipity is 
indeed rare! 
Fortunately, more and more quali- 
fied researchers are now studying 
mood-changing drugs and their physio- 
logical, pharmacological, psychological 
and sociological effects. To be sure, 
one meets the very people who are part 
of interesting tales told, but the collec- 
tion of factual data is an expensive, 
time-consuming and, at times, very 
tedious process. Nor are research re- 
ports recommended bedtime reading 
unless perhaps for quick sleep induce- 
ment. For research into drug depen- 
dency must embrace such mundane 
matters as prevention, pharmacology, 
epidemiology, treatment, and legisla- 
tion. and must assure a systematic ac- 
36 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


In drug dependency research, the questions are still more 
plentiful than the answers. 


Ingeborg Paulus 


cumulation of general knowledge. It 
therefore has to draw on various dis- 
ciplines to make it less of a riddle to 
those engaged in preventing and fight- 
ing a disease that seems to take on new 
shapes as more and more mood- 
changing drugs become known and 
available for experimentation. 


NAF research program 
The Narcotic Addiction Foundation 
of British Columbia (NAF) was found- 
ed in September, 1955, with the objec- 
tive "to develop a research, treatment, 
rehabilitation and education program." 
Many obstacles prevented the develop- 
ment of all goals simultaneously. Con- 
sequently it was not possible until the 
end of 1964 to start the development 
of a research program. 
Research should include a thorough 
examination of the many-faceted as- 
pects of drug dependency and abuse. 
Lack of financial resources have, to 
date, prevented the NAF from doing 
other than rudimentary medical and 
sociological research. We have been 
engaged in sociological research for 
two years. Some projects are finished, 
some are in progress, and some are in 
the planning stages. The following is 
a short account of research undertaken 
by the NAF. 


Miss Paulus is Research Associate with 
the Narcotic Addiction Foundation of British 
Columbia. Vancouver. B. C. 


Past endeavors 
Information Collection on the NAF 
PatienJ Population 
Any research calls for the accumu- 
lation of a body of data that lends 
itself to manipulation. That is, if data 
are to be meaningfully interpreted they 
must be complete rather than frag- 
mentary; they must be ordered into 
some meaningful categories rather than 
be a haphazard mess; and they must 
be accurate. The collection of this kind 
of data is not always easy. It is further 
complicated when the respondent is 
a patient who quite often comes for 
help only when he is drugged, agitated, 
or in the process of withdrawal; in 
other words, when his reasoning and 
memory frequently are impaired. 
This, then, was a first task: to 
devise a suitable form for collecting 
necessary information during the intake 
process, which would provide up-to- 
date knowledge of our patient popula- 
tion. Data on socioeconomic character- 
istics such as age, sex, marital status, 
education, etc., are now easily checked. 
We can get immediate information on 
our patients' origin, period of addic- 
tion and criminal record, accumulated 
either prior or subsequent to addiction. 
Apart from knowing something about 
the NAF treatment population, this 
kind of information is used to devise 
prevention and treatment methods. 
Treatment Results 
One of the primary functions of the 
staff at the NAF is to treat and reha- 
MARCH 1967 



bilitate its patients. How do we know 
whether or not our methods actually 
produce the desired results? One way 
is to compare two similar groups - 
one following a specific treatment 
program, the other not. After a suitable 
time lapse, the two groups can be 
followed up and the effects of treat- 
ment measured and assessed. The re- 
sults of such a study may be inconclu- 
sive, yet they may give clues to success- 
ful treatment approaches. Unfortun- 
ately, this type of prospective treatment 
assessment study is time-consuming. It 
may be five or six years before suffi- 
cient data are available for drawing 
conclusions that can be generalized 
over a larger population. Moreover, 
ethical considerations may prevent this 
type of research. Is one justified to 
treat some patients and not others? 
What criteria for selection should one 
employ? These are very serious ques- 
tions that the treatment team must 
answer before such a study can be 
started. 
Retrospective follow-up studies are, 
at best, compromises. One has a group 
of patients treated some years ago; to 
find out what has happenned to these 
patients since their treatment is diffi- 
cult, since the necessary controls are 
lacking. If a considerable number of 
patients had improved, one would not 
be justified in attributing this to the 
treatment, for other factors, including 
time, may have been equally important 
in bringing about a change. 
At the NAF we were faced with a 
unique situation. In 1963, Dr. R. Halli- 
day, past clinical director, decided to 
change the drug addiction treatment 
radically from that usually practiced in 
North America, by maintaining selected 
patients on small doses of metha- 
done for anywhere from 4 to 52 + 
week periods. At the same time the 
NAF continued treating a portion of 
its patients by giving them regular, 
12-day withdrawals, in conjunction 
with the standard social work, psy- 
chiatric, and medical treatment given 
to all patients. 
We could compare the two treatment 
populations and assess results, but we 
could not assess the effectiveness of 
either type of treatment. Since one 
treatment was quite different from any 
practiced during the past 40 years, we 
decided to do a retrospective follow-up 
study. As expected, the results of the 
study were inconclusive, but they did 
give an impetus to planning a long- 
range prospective study. Without the 
retrospective study, we might not have 
learned anything. By doing it, we 
gained at least enough knowledge to 
guide us in the future. 
Briefly, the study suggested that 
older patients responded more favor- 
MARCH 1967 


ably to either type of treatment. Age 
seemed to be the most important vari- 
able, influencing change in a positive 
direction. For patients over 50 years 
of age, in particular, the prolonged 
methadone treatment program indi- 
cated promising results.. 
From what we were able to learn, 
we concluded that the NAF is serving 
the community by maintaining all pa- 
tients over 50 years on a narcotic 
drug. It seems that various processes 
(to be investigated shortly) take place 
in addicts' lives that can best be de- 
scribed as "maturing-out of narcotic 
addiction" (a term coined by Dr. Char- 
les Winick, director, program in drug 
dependence and abuse of the American 
Social Health Association). But these 
processes seem to fail for a consider- 
able portion of the addict population. 
This portion seems to be unable to 
function without some chemical help. 
To offset the detrimental aspects of 
the illegal procurement of drugs, a 
maintenance-treatment program seems 
an economical choice. As yet, we do 
not know what kind of treatment is 
indicated for younger addict patients. 
We feel that only new experimental 
approaches will help us further. 


Present research 
Barbiturates 
During the past few years, we have 
noted several changes in drug abuse 
patterns. First, increasingly more 
heroin addicts are using barbiturates, 
either alone or in conjunction with 
their heroin or methadone intake. We 
noted a rapid increase in barbiturate 
consumption especially among women. 
We postulated various hypotheses for 
this change in drug abuse patterns, 
which we were testing on a sample of 
our patients. The major hypothesis that 
the supplementation of heroin with 
barbiturates is mainly an economic 
necessity was confirmed. Furthermore, 
the easy availability of barbiturates also 
contributes to their heavy abuse. 
We know that the abuse of barbitur- 
ates and amphetamines is not limited 
to heroin addicts. Unfortunately, our 
resources do not allow us to undertake 
an investigation into these drug abuses. 
A strong necessity for research into this 
problem exists, but it is fraught with 
difficulties. The result is that very few 
accounts other than "popular press" 
articles are available to bring this 
serious abuse, with its detrimental phy- 
sical and social consequences, to the 


l 

 


.-- 


,. 
I 


. Ingeborg Paulus, "A comparative Study 
of Long-term and Short-term Withdrawal of 
Narcotic Addicts Voluntarily Seeking Com- 
prehensive Treatment," Vancouver, B. C.. 
The Narcotic Addiction Foundation of 
British Columbia, April, 1966. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 37 




 



 
" 


.. 


, 



\ 


\ 


\ 


attention of an uninformed public. 
Psychetklics 
At the present time, there seems to 
be an insatiable demand for accounts of 
the dangers and delights associated 
with the marijuana (cannabis sativa) 
and LSD-25 (lysergic acid diethylamide) 
cult. As expected, the popular press 
has taken the lead in "informing" the 
public about this cult. Speculations and 
half-truths fill page after page. Factual 
research is time-consuming, and before 
responsible findings are released, the 
myths surrounding these drugs seem to 
overshadow the realities. It becomes 
increasingly difficult, even for the wary 
researcher, to separate fact from fancy. 
The NAF study is especially interest- 
ed in distinguishing between the drug 
abuser and the isolated young ex- 
perimenter. It seems to be part of the 
follies, and perhaps the privileges of 
youth, to taste some of the forbidden 
fruits of life. Thus we are trying to 
determine who the young people are 
who are so attracted to psychedelic 
drugs that they risk incarceration and 
a criminal record just to partake of 
these forbidden "pleasures." 
We must ask such questions as: Will, 
in a few years from now, our clinic be 
overrun with narcotic drug users who 
started on their road to addiction via 
the psychedelics? Or will the use of 
psychedelics be a fad with no direct 
consequences as far as our future treat- 
ment population is concerned? Will 
this group of drug abusers need treat- 
ment at all? Or will it need treatment, 
but different from that required by the 
heroin addict? In other words, we are 
trying to find present facts on which 
to base future actions and policies. 


Planned research 
From our past endeavors we are 
perhaps able to answer some questions; 
but our questions are still more plenti- 
ful than our answers. 


Prospective Treatment Follow-up 
Study 
One issue to be investigated, which 
arose out of the retrospective follow- 
up study, is the effectiveness of the 


38 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


present treatment the NAF is able to 
give. The retrospective follow-up study 
could not answer this question, because 
we had no untreated population as a 
control. It did, however, enable us to 
formulate a treatment-research pro- 
gram. The proposed study will be very 
expensive; therefore, its realization is 
dependent on financial support present- 
ly being sought. 
Natural History of Addiction 
A less expensive but no less impor- 
tant project involves the investigation 
of the natural history of addiction. By 
questioning the addict and from ac- 
cumulated records, we want to dis-- 
cover: who the addict was before he 
started to use drugs; the deciding fac- 
tors that made him experiment with 
any kind of drug; the unpleasant re- 
alities he was trying to escape; what 
happened once he started to use drugs; 
the length of the drug-use span; and 
what made him stop using drugs. In 
other words, what does an addict 
career entail? Does it come to a natural 
or unnatural end? And, once ended, 
what then? 


Goal: Prevention of abuse 
When we have answered some of 
these questions, we might be able to 
launch a more effective campaign of 
drug abuse prevention. This, we feel, 
merits our greatest efforts. Although it 
is essential to know how best to treat 
addicts. it is much more essential and 
also less expensive to prevent drug ex- 
perimentation and abuse. The com- 
petition for tax-payers' dollars to 
prevent and cure society's various ills 
is heavy. The more we learn how to 
prevent these ills, the more funds will 
be available to enrich all of our lives. 
It may seem that in view of the pres- 
sing demands for treatment, research is 
an expensive luxury; but viewed in the 
light of its long-term benefits, research 
is one of the most necessary commodi- 
ties when dealing with the riddle of 
drug dependency and abuse. D 


MARCH 1967 



For some years there has been con- 
siderable controversy as to the validity 
- or even morality - of using nar- 
cotic drugs in the treatment and reha- 
bilitation of narcotic drug addicts. To 
many people the concept that addicts 
can be treated or cured appears naïve, 
or even ludicrous; follow-up statistics 
from various treatment centers are 
quoted to indicate that the vast major- 
ity of addicts following treatment, in 
or out of prison, quickly relapse to 
their former way of life, that is, to 
criminal behavior or prostitution, as 
well as to the use of narcotic and other 
addicting drugs. 
On the other hand, there are those 
who commend what they term the 
"British system" of treating addicts. 
They conclude that the relatively small 
number of addicts in Britain (about 
753 according to the British Ministry 
of Health report, 1965)1 is due to this 
supposed method of treating addicts 
there. When compared with Canada's 
known addict population of 3,573 in 
1965,2 (in a population of 20 million 
as compared with Britain's population 
of more than 50 million) it may seem 
that there is something about the legal 
and medical management of addicts in 
Britain that we in Canada might study 
and adopt to our advantage. 


No "system" in Britain 
When one takes a closer look at the 
situation in Britain, a number of facts 
become apparent. First, there is in 
reality no "system" of treating addicts 
MARCH 1967 


Use of narcotics 
addict therapy 


. 
In 


Treatment of persons addicted to narcotics is frequently a dismal failure. The 
question of the role of narcotic drugs in the treatment of such persons 
still remains unanswered. 


Robert Halliday, M.B., D.P.M. 


in Britain if, by system, one means: 
that all addicts are given narcotics 
regularly in the course of treatment; 
that the government has clinics to 
which addicts may go for treatment; 
or that all drug addicts are registered 
and, once registered, are automatically 
placed on a narcotic for an indefinite 
period, or even for life. 
Further, when one considers the law 
relating to the manufacture, sale, dis- 
tribution, and use of narcotics or dan- 
gerous drugs, it becomes apparent that 
British law is very similar to Canadian 
law. 
From whence, then, comes the myth 
of the "British system"? - for myth it 
is. In fact, there is no system of regis- 
tration; nor are there government 
clinics; nor is it government policy (via 
the ministry of health or elsewhere) to 
encourage or direct physicians to treat 
addicts with narcotics. Indeed, in the 
British Ministry of Health report re- 
ferred to earlier, the following recom- 
mendations, among others, are made: 
that all addicts to dangerous drugs be 
reported to a central authority; that to 
treat addicts a number of special treat- 
ment centers should be established, es- 
pecially in the London area; and that 
it should be a statutory offence for doc- 
tors (other than those on the staff of 
the special treatment centers) to pres- 
cribe heroin and cocaine to an addict. 


Dr. Halliday is Co-ordinator of Education 
for the Narcotic Addiction Foundation of 
British Columbia, Vancouver. B.C. 


These recommendations make it quite 
clear that the "British system," so 
lauded by many naïve, if well-meaning 
people, is not a reality. 


Addiction considered an illness 
What does happen in Britain that is 
different from typical Canadian policy 
and practice? As far back as 1924, the 
Rolleston Committee, which investi- 
gated the problem of narcotic drug 
abuse for the British Government, con- 
cluded that morphine or heroin might 
properly be administered to addicts in 
the following circumstances: 
1. Where patients are under treat- 
ment by the gradual withdrawal 
method with a view to cure. 
2. Where it has been demonstrated 
after a prolonged attempt at cure that 
the use of the drug cannot be safely 
discontinued entirely, on account of 
the severity of the withdrawal symp- 
toms produced. 
3. Where it has been clearly de- 
monstrated that the patient, while 
capable of leading a useful and rela- 
tively normal life when a certain mini- 
mum dose is regularly administered, 
becomes incapable of this when the 
drug is entirely discontinued. 
A memorandum from the British 
Ministry of Health to physicians in- 
cluded this statement: "The continued 
supply of drugs to a patient, either 
direct or by prescription, solely for 
the gratification of addiction, is not 
regarded as a medical need."3 
It may be concluded that one sign if- 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 39 



icant difference between the British 
and Canadian attitudes toward addicts 
is that in Britain addicts have been 
recognized as people in need of medical 
help, whereas in Canada and the U.S., 
until recently, the addict has been re- 
garded as a criminal, and treated as 
such. 
It was only in 1961 that Canadian 
legislation regarding illegal possession 
of narcotics was altered, and the man- 
datory six months minimum jail sen- 
tence of convicted persons revoked. 
This jail sentence was never mandatory 
in Britain. Usually fines, suspended 
sentences, or probation were employed, 
rather than imprisonment. 
Athough certain addicts - notably 
the so-called criminal addicts - are 
normally reluctant to enter hospital for 
treatment, the fact is that in Canada it 
is almost impossible to obtain a hos- 
pital bed (general or psychiatric) for 
such therapy. In Britain it has usually 
been easier for the addict to gain ad- 
mission to and obtain treatment in a 
hospital. Again, the emphasis has been 
on the addict as a sick and dependent 
person, whatever his criminal activities 
may be. 
In Canada today 
The first recommendation of the 
Rolleston Committee (now 40 years 
old) is generally accepted in Canada 
today. In most instances the synthetic 
narcotic methadone hydrochloride is 
used in the withdrawal program. It has 
been demonstrated that over a period 
of from one to three weeks, most nar- 
cotic addicts (heroin being their drug 
of choice) can be safely withdrawn by 
gradually reducing the methadone 
which is substituted for the heroin. 
Since heroin cannot be legally ob- 
tained for any purpose in Canada, it 
cannot be used, though morphine or 
other narcotics may be used as the 
substitute. However, methadone has be- 
come most widely accepted, and, be- 
ginning with an initial dose of about 
40 mg. daily, can be safely and gradu- 
ally reduced until no narcotics are 
being employed. Other drugs - tran- 
quilizers and antidepressants - may 
also be used in conjunction with the 
methadone, and continued as necessary 
after the latter has been discontinued. 4 
But what about the second and third 
40 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


recommendations of the Rolleston 
Committee? How are they to be in- 
terpreted? With our present knowledge 
of the treatment of addicts, both of 
these recommendations are more sub- 
ject to criticism than when they were 
originally advocated. However, it is still 
true that treatment is frequently a dis- 
mal failure, in spite of our opportun- 
ities, and the question of the role of 
narcotic drugs in the therapeutic regi- 
men still remains. 


NAF experiment 
The Narcotic Addiction Foundation 
of British Columbia is a private agency 
engaged in the treatment of the addict 
patient at liberty in the community who 
seeks treatment voluntarily. [n 1963 
the NAF decided to apply the Rolles- 
ton recommendations in the treatment 
of certain selected, and usually older, 
patients whose history indicated re- 
peated failure in therapy. It should be 
noted that drug therapy, though fre- 
quently an essential part of the treat- 
ment and rehabilitative program, is not 
the only, or indeed the main aspect. 
The rationale for the procedures 
used depends on the recognition of the 
addict as physically, psychologically, 
and socially sick. He is a disturbed 
and dependent person, who has gradu- 
ally focused his life around those pro- 
cesses by which he obtains the drug, 
and the gratification he receives from 
it. Further, in most addicts of this 
group the dependency and seU-des- 
tructive needs are so great that to begin 
their therapy without the use of narcot- 
ics (if they are at liberty and not in 
control) would be unthinkable. In other 
words, their motivation is poor, and 
their ability to get along without drugs 
in a reasonable way is minimal. 
We hoped that by administering 
methadone for a longer period, while 
at the same time continuing investiga- 
tion into the physical, social and psy- 
chological problems of the individual, 
and using suitable therapies (medical, 
psychiatric, counseling, re-education, 
job-training, and job-finding, etc.), we 
would be able to help the individual 
to become less dependent on the nar- 
cotic, to reduce or resolve his social 
and emotional conflicts, and gradually 
assume m9re responsibility for him- 
seU. In such a program, the drug - 


comparable in some ways to the pro- 
longed use of tranquilizers or antide- 
pressants in treating mentally ill pa- 
tients in the community - would be 
an essential feature of therapy, and 
would assist many addicts to lead more 
Ilseful and constructive lives. Our ex- 
perience with this method at the NAF 
has tended to confirm the above hypo- 
thesis, and many "hard-core" addicts 
have given up their criminal and anti- 
social behavior under this regimen. 5 
More recently, Dole and Nyswander6 
in New York have experimented with a 
variation of this approach, and while 
results are still tentative, they again in- 
dicate that for some addicts such an 
approach is worthwhile, is less costly 
to the community, and at worst helps 
to prevent many addicts from contin- 
uing and repeating their cycle of 
drugs, criminality, jail, and more drugs. 
Changing attitude 
Since the aforementioned British 
recommendations were proposed, our 
understanding and approach to the 
treatment of the addict has gradually 
moved toward acceptance of him as a 
sick person who needs treatment, what- 
ever other forms of control might be 
desirable. This principle is operative 
even when imprisonment is assigned 
for criminal acts. Within this past year 
a new federal drug treatment center for 
convicted offenders has been opened at 
Matsqui, in the Fraser Valley, British 
Columbia. After screening, selected ad- 
dict offenders are sent to this center 
for treatment and rehabilitative mea- 
sures, which will extend into after-care 
support, with extensive use of parole. 
These measures are the result of a 
changing and more enlightened social 
attitude about the causes and manage- 
ment of addiction - an attitude es- 
sential to more sophisticated social 
action. 
Although this approach to treat- 
ment is helpful to some addicts, it is 
by no means helpful to all. Many 
drug-dependent individuals require ex- 
ternal controls in a clinic or hospital 
setting for some time before they have 
reached the degree of maturity, under- 
standing, and social progress, which 
will enable them to exercise control 
over themselves while at liberty in the 
community. In New York and Califor- 
MARCH 1967 



. 


t 



 


MARCH 1967 


...... 


. 


I 


... 


, 


nia, legislation has been enacted that 
petmits "committal" of suitable addicts 
to such a treatment setting; similar 
legislation is desirable in Canada. 


Conclusion 
The reader is referred to the recom- 
mendations of the Special Committee 
of the Canadian Medical Association, 7 
which spells out the components of 
good medical care in the treatment of 
the addict. These include the following 
advice: "It may, in certain circumstan- 
ces, be good medical practice to pre- 
scribe maintenance doses of narcotics 
for long periods to an addict at liberty, 
if other components of good medical 
care are also provided. If they are not, 
the doctor may be guilty of trafficking. 
Our advice to general practitioners is 
that they should, if possible, avoid 
prescribing narcotics for long periods 
for addicts under their care." 


References 
I. Great Britain. Interdepartmental Com- 
mittee on Drug Addiction. Drug ad- 
diction; the second report. London, Her 
Majesty's Stat. Office, 1965. 
2. Division of Narcotic Control. Ottawa, 
Department of National Health & Wel- 
fare, 1965. 
3. Special Committee on the Traffic in Nar- 
cotic Drugs in Canada. Proceedings, 2nd 
session, 22nd Parliament 3-4 Elizabeth 
II. 1953- I 954. Ottawa. Queen's Printer, 
1955. 
4. Halliday, R. Treatment of the narcotic 
addict. H.C. Med. Joumal, 6: 421, 1964. 
5. Halliday, R. Narcotic drug addicts as 
voluntary patients; the use of metha- 
done on short-term and long-term with- 
drawal treatment programs. Report to 
Committee on Problems of Drug De- 
pendence. National Academy of Sciences, 
Washington. D.C., 1966, p. 4599 (Un- 
published) 
6. Dole V.P. and Nyswander, M. Medical 
treatment for diacetylmorphine (heroin) 
addiction; a clinical trial with methadone 
hydrochloride. J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 
193: 646, Aug. 23, 1965. 
7. Good medical practice in the care of the 
narcotic addict. A report prepared by a 
Special Committee appointed by the Exe- 
cutive Committee of the Canadian Medi- 
cal Association. Callad. Med. Assoc. J. 
1040-1043, May 8. 1965. 0 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 41 



Care of patients addicted 
to non-narcotic drugs 


On admission to hospital, the per- 
son addicted to non-narcotic drugs may 
appear intoxicated; but there is a subtle 
difference between him and the person 
intoxicated with alcohol. The drug ad- 
dict's difficulty in walking is usually 
more marked than his ability to speak 
or comprehend. An alcoholic who 
finds it hard to maintain balance, looks 
half asleep, has incoherent speech, .and 
usually falls into bed and to sleep 
quite quickly. The drug addict, on the 
other hand, has difficulty maneuvering, 
but is much more aware of what is 
going on; although his speech may be 
somewhat slurred, he makes sense. 
Quite often the patient has a mixed 
addiction - to both sedative drugs 
and alcohol - which may be sus- 
pected by his unusual behavior. Fre- 
quently a patient who is admitted for 
treatment of an alcohol problem de- 
monstrates an additional problem by 
begging for a certain kind of drug. 
Staff are always aware of the possi- 
bilitv that a patient is in the process 
of changing his dependence from al- 
cohol to sedatives. From the stand- 
point of clinical management, depend- 
ence on alcohol is the lesser of two 
evils. 


Alcoholics may switch drugs 
Many alcoholics begin to use bar- 
biturates or tranquilizers when, for 
various reasons, they can no longer 
take alcohol without being in trouble. 
One patient who had changed his de- 
pendence from alcohol to pills was 
42 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Nursing a patient who is addicted to drugs is much more difficult than nursing 
one addicted to alcohol. The drug addict takes longer to withdraw, wants to hang 
onto his chemical beyond reason, is wretchedly uncomfortable, jittery, and 
anxious for days. He tries the patience and ingenuity of the staff to the utmost. 


Mary L. Epp 


brought to hospital by his wife. It was 
a frustrating conference. His wife was 
threatening to leave him, the doctor 
was stressing the dire physical and 
mental consequences of his continued 
use of pills, and his employer was sug- 
gesting that he was in danger of losing 
his job. But he sat there quite happy 
through it all. He was so thoroughly 
tranquilized that he was incapable of 
worry and refused to stay for treat- 
ment. He might have been more ame- 
nable to reason the next morning after 
he had "slept off" some of his sedative. 
Other persons start taking drugs on 
prescription, but increase dosage until 
it is so out of control that they be- 
come intoxicated, fall down frequent- 
ly, and are quite unable to cope. 


Choice of drugs 
The drugs to which a person may 
become addicted include anything that 
can change the way he feels, such as 
Aspirin, A.P.c. & C's, barbiturates, 
tranquilizers, bromide, paraldehyde, 
amphetamines, chloral hydrate, codei- 
ne, morphine, heroin, methadone, De- 
merol, or mixtures of these. When a 
person is becoming dependent on a 
drug he is very careful not to run out 
of his special brand - although he 
may take only a few pills a day. Later 
in the addiction he will not be as par- 
ticular about the type of drug he uses, 
as long as there is plenty. 


Mrs. Epp is Director of Nursing at The 
Bell Clinic in Willowdale. Ontario. 


Clothing and luggage searched 
A good way to admit a patient who 
is addicted to drugs is to take him 
directly to an examining room, where 
he is seen by the admitting doctor 
while his luggage is left elsewhere and 
very thoroughly and carefully search- 
ed. His pyjamas and dressing gown 
are taken to him only after all pockets 
have been checked; his clothes are 
removed from the room and examined 
for drugs. Pills have been found in 
trouser cuffs and billfolds - in fact, 
almost anywhere. A woman has many 
hiding places among her cosmetics. 
The examination of clothing and 
personal effects should be done rou- 
tinely even though the patient seems 
to be sober, is channing and good 
looking, and assures you he has noth- 
ing to hide. At the risk of feeling 
foolish for insisting on this routine, 
you must resist the temptation to escort 
the patient directly to' his room. After 
you have been fooled a few times you 
will be quite matter-of-fact about the 
searching performance even if you 
have to do it in front of the patient. 
These patients are not trustworthy 
while they are undergoing withdrawal 
and we can help them only when they 
realize that they cannot manipulate the 
staff. Actually, most patients expect to 
be searched. 
Some patients arrive with an as- 
tonishing variety of pills scattered 
among their belongings. Besides the 
tranquilizers and/or barbiturates, they 
often have laxatives, diuretics, antacids, 
MARCH 1967 



,
 


l 


MARCH 1967 


-\ 


" 


- 


pills for hypertension, etc. It is im- 
portant to take every pill away. After 
consulting the family physician, the 
staff doctor will decide which ones, 
if any, the patient requires. 
Withdrawal routine 
During treatment, we are careful 
to avoid transferring a patient's de- 
pendence to another type of pill. This 
is particularly true when treating pa- 
tients with a drug that demonstrates 
cross-tolerance with the addicting drug. 
Patients are told that they will have 
to put up with some discomfort. If 
they are made as comfortable on the 
new pill as they were on the old, they 
will never recover. 
At the beginning of treatment a 
drug addict finds it difficult to coop- 
erate. Do not expect him to tell the 
truth about his addiction. To plan the 
treatment of his withdrawal reaction 
it may be important to know how 
much he has been taking; however, 
you cannot rely on what he tells you. 
This may be partly because he is 
ashamed of his addiction and partly 
because he quite truthfully does not 
know. It is a well-known fact that 
many so-called suicides are the result 
of unintentional overdose. The addict 
forgets how much sedative he has 
taken or is too impatient to wait for 
the drug to take effect. 
Barbiturates 
If the patient has been taking large 
amounts of barbiturates for a long 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 43 



time, he may have a convulsion on 
abrupt withdrawal in spite of treatment 
with anticonvulsant drugs. Under these 
circumstances the physician usually 
withdraws the barbiturates gradually 
and administers both tranquilizers and 
anticonvulsants concurrently. If the 
patient is addicted to a tranquilizer, he 
is usually switched to another tran- 
quilizer at once and the dosage is 
gradually reduced to zero. 
Paraldehyde 
Paraldehyde makes an alcoholic feel 
wonderful. It is a derivative of alcohol 
and much stronger. To many alcoholics 
who have learned to put up with the 
taste and smell, this is the drug of 
choice on withdrawal. The odor. of 
course, is unmistakable and the nurse 
can only hope that when a patient is 
admitted smelling of paraldehyde, it 
has been prescribed for him, and not 
taken voluntarily for its "welcome" 
effects. In the latter case there may 
be considerable difficulty withdrawing 
the patient from his drug. 
Amphetamine 
The withdrawal reaction of the am- 
phetamine addict is in sharp contrast 
to that of the addict to sedative drugs 
or alcohol. He is very sleepy and dull 
and complains of having difficulty in 
thinking. If he is presumed to be an 
amphetamine addict and does not 
behave in this way, we may suspect 
a mixed addiction, that he has some 
concealed supplies, or that he plans a 
trip to the drug store at the first op- 
portunity. 
Support from staff 
A great deal of time is spent by 
the staff in reassuring and getting ac- 
quainted with patients in the first 
stages of a recovery program. Persons 
addicted to drugs need to learn to de- 
pend on people rather than chemicals 
and they start with a new dependence 
on the hospital staff. When this shift 
in dependence begins, the staff must 
be prepared to accept it for a pro- 
longed period, sometimes years. while 
hopefully the patient learns to depend 
on other people as well. 
44 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Patients may choose a particular 
member of the staff as their "mentor." 
Care must be taken to maintain a 
professional, although friendly, atti- 
tude. A rule that patients are seen only 
at the clinic or hospital and that phone 
calls all take place while the nurse is 
on duty is a stabilizing influence. No 
staff phone numbers are released to 
patients 
Sitting down and chatting with the 
patient will help to pass the time for 
him and also give you a better idea of 
just how the withdrawal is going. Pa- 
tients may put on a show to get more 
pills or more attention. We must try 
to understand that they are probably 
afraid of life without their chemical 
comfort. Sometimes a patient can be 
helped to appreciate his situation by 
comparing his continuous drug intoxi- 
cation to a big downy comforter which 
he has wrapped around himself as pro- 
tection from all his problems. As he 
is withdrawn he becomes naked and 
vulnerable and is hurt over and over 
again. A scolding from his wife, loud 
noises, the idea that he may have 
damaged himself permanently, all hit 
him with nothing to cushion the blow. 
With growing awareness that the 
staff is capable and really wants to 
help him, the patient becomes less 
apprehensive about being withdrawn 
from his chemical comforts. During 
the withdrawal period he desperately 
needs attention and kindness, and often 
finds it hard to believe that the nurse 
cares what happens to him. Your con- 
cern and belief that he can be better 
gradually penetrates and he begins to 
have some hope that life without pills 
is possible - if not too acceptable 
at first. 
It is amazing how soon patients 
want to get up and around. They will 

et cleaned up as well as they can and 
ioin the other patients ño matter how 
they mav feel or how shaky and un- 
steady thev are. Sometimes the staff 
mav fear that these patients will fall 
or disturb other patients; but it would 
seem that the comfort they get from 
being with others, even thoue:h they 
may - be dozing part of the time, as- 
sists the withdrawal process. 


Visits after discharge encouraged 
Persons who have been discharged 
from hospital are encouraged to visit 
the staff regularly. Most ex-patients 
particularly enjoy a chat with their 
favorite nurse, but anyone is better 
than no one. Other members of the 
staff, therefore, must be prepared to 
help if someone's patient phones or 
visits when she is off duty. He may 
be unhappy and jittery and will need 
to be encouraged to put up with the 
way he feels for the time being. We 
hope that he will learn, too, that talk- 
ing with any understanding person can 
be of help. This points up the neces- 
sity for regular staff conferences, as 
well as the importance of recording the 
nurses' conversations about patients. 


Not all recover 
Unfortunately, some persons are so 
emotionally disturbed and so chroni- 
cally uncomfortable that they are 
unable to function in society at all 
without some chemical dulling of un- 
pleasant reality. For such patients, 
the smallest dosage which will enable 
them to carry on is maintained. It 
may be necessary to change the kind 
of medication occasionally as their 
tolerance for one kind builds up. 


Conclusion 
It is important for nurses to realize 
that although it may take a great deal 
of effort and a long time, it is pos- 
sible to help most people to learn to 
live without sedative drugs and to be- 
come more comfortable through im- 
proved communication with others. 0 


MARCH 1967 



I am employed as a nurse in the 
Small Animal Surgery at the Ontario 
Veterinary College in Guelph, Ontario. 
How did I get here? Almost acci- 
dentally. 
In the fall of 1964, I heard by the 
grapevine that the services of a nurse 
were being considered for the operating 
room at O.V.c. Because of my interest 
in animals and the enticement of regu- 
lar hours of work, I investigated. At 
the time, I had been on the staff of a 
Guelph hospital for 10 years since my 
graduation as a registered nurse in 
1949. I am married, have two teen- 
age sons, and. of course. a dog and cat. 
Many patients referred 
In the Small Animal Department at 
the Veterinary College, there is a hos- 
pital and outpatient clinic for the pub- 
lic. All pets of local residents are 
received on appointment, examined by 
a clinician on staff, and given treatment 
or hospitalized as inpatients. 
Many difficult cases are referred to 
the clinic by out-of-town veterinarians. 
Animals are sent here from all over the 
country, from as far west as British 
Columbia, and as far east as the Mari- 
time provinces. Many, too, are natives 
of the United States. 


A variety of patients 
Our patients include grand champi- 
on show dogs, field trial dogs, and 
many good old lovable mongrels. Cats, 
too, are represented on our patient list. 
Occasionally our feathered friends 
MARCH 1967 


Deserter of people? 


"Few nurses have patients like mine, which include grand champion show dogs, 
lovable mongrels, cats, and even a few feathered friends." 


Jean Wilkinson 


-... 


, 


--"" 


Mrs. Wilkinson is nurse in the Small 
Animal Surgery at the Ontario Veterinary 
College jp Guelph. Ontario. 


require treatment. An old grey owl had 
a broken wing pinned successfully; a 
snow goose had a tumor removed; and 
a peacock and homing pidgeon re- 
quired medical care. Birds are poor 
anesthetic risks, however, and rarely 
become surgical patients. 
Animals have many of the same 
diseases as man plus some peculiar to 
themselves. The following operations 
are done on dogs and cats: tonsillecto- 
my. splenectomy, cystotomy, lobecto- 
my, diaphragmatic hernia repair, tho- 


racotomy, kidney transplants, open- 
heart surgery, thoracic surgery, lami- 
nectomies, and all types of orthopedic 
surgery. Pins and plates are used al- 
most daily in some unfortunate dog 
who has met an accident with a car. A 
fractured femur, radius, tibia, pelvis, 
etc., can be pinned or plated success- 
fully and "Fido" will be up and run- 
ning about on all four legs in a matter 
of a few weeks. 
Occasionally we have a cesarean 
section. It's quite exciting when several 
people are "puppy rubbing" the small 
pink-nosed puppies who squeak loudly 
at this indignity. After the mucous is 
removed from nose and mouth, the 
newborn is placed in a heated box with 
several brothers and sisters - any 
number, from one to nine. 


Strict aseptic technique in O.R. 
The surgery here is modern, air-con- 
ditioned, and well-equipped. We have 
three operating rooms plus a scrub 
room and working area. The operating 
suite could be compared to one in a 
small hospital. The most stringent asep- 
tic technique in operating room pro- 
cedure is carried out for all animals. 
Doctors scrub, gown, and glove. 
Before the animal is brought in, his 
operative area is shaved and the skin 
cleansed with antiseptic. Dogs and cats 
are anesthetized and wheeled in on 
stretchers. The most common anesthe- 
tic for these animals is Nembutal. given 
intravenously. Sodium Pentothal and 
Surital are used intravenously for mi- 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 45 



The operating rooms for small animal 
surgery are nwdern, air-conditioned, 
and well-equipped. 


Strict aseptic technique is carried out 
for all types of surgery. 


... 


-...... 


--" 


. 



 


\. 


l 


'- 


--- '.. 


46 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


nor surgery and for anything that re- 
quires a short-acting anesthetic. 
We have two large anesthetic ma- 
chines for f1uothane inhalation, used 
mainly on older dogs that are poor 
anesthetic risks, or for animals that 
require thoracic surgery. The animals 
are all intubated with endotracheal 
tubes for a clear airway during anes- 
thesia, and then are draped with sterile 
drapes, the same as in operating room 
procedures for a human. 
A central service department cleans 
and sterilizes instruments, drapes, and 
equipment. Most of our surgery is done 
in the afternoon since this is a teaching 
university. The mornings are free for 
lectures and clinic office hours. 
Very few patients are lost during 
surgery. Intravenous stimulents, oxy- 
gen, and respirators are available if 
needed. The use of intravenous saline 
dextrose and whole blood transfusions 
is common. 


Research 
The research work done in this de- 
partment may be of help in human 
surgery some day. I have had a small 
part in helping with some work done 
on research of bone healing. This was 
carried out on rabbits as a postgraduate 
study. Another beneficial research pro- 
gram is one that has been done on 
Legg-Perthes' disease. This may prove 
beneficial to children. Hip prosthesis 
was pioneered on dogs a few years ago. 
Not a deserter of people 
I noticed that a reporter headlined 
me in a column last year as a "deserter 
of people." However, I still have a 
close relationship with people through 
their family pets. Pet owners are a very 
devoted lot. They like to see their pet, 
who is just like one of the family, get 
the very best care possible. If I am 
helping in some small way to do this. 
then I have not let "people" down. 0 


MARCH 1%7 



Imagine if there were ten ways to 
tell time. Suppose half the people on 
highways drove on the left side as 
a matter of choice. What if there was 
a dispute as to whether to stop or go 
on a red light. 
It is obvious that many things that 
we take for granted in our lives have 
been standardized for convenience and 
safety. 
There is even considerable stan- 
dardization within individual hospitals. 
However, there is little standardiza- 
tion from hospital to hospital, and 
this creates problems. One special 
aspect of this is standardization of 
medical-surgical supplies and equip- 
ment. As early as 1931 the United 
States government set up a committee 
to investigate this, but the battle to 
standardize has been a losing one. 
There are still as many techniques of 
doing a procedure as there are doctors 
and nurses in a hospital. 
One example from a manufacturer 
concerns needle sizes. "There are few 
doctors or nurses who would know any 
difference between a 20-gauge, 1 h- 
inch needle and a 21-gauge, 1 
 -inch 
needle if they did not read the label. 
Yet there are as many different sizes 
as there are users in some hospitals !" 
One hospital had been using 10 
different sizes of needles; a product 
manager convinced the staff to use 
just three standard sizes for a one- 
month trial. One month later they 
wondered why they had ever needed 
all the other sizes in the first place. 
Individual preference 
The individual doctor, by law, is 
MARCH 1967 


Stan dard ization 


Many things we take for granted have been standardized for our convenience 
and safety. Would greater standardization in products and procedures 
help our patients? 


George T. Maloney 


Mr. Maloney is Vice-President in charge 
of Merchandising for C.R. Bard, Inc., 
Murray Hill, New Jersey. This article is 
adapted from a speech presented to the 
Mid-West Hospital Association Annual 
Convention in Kansas City last fall. 


allowed to practice the art of healing 
according to his own discretion. More 
uniformity in teaching in medical 
schools would help to reduce the 
various whims of the individual doc- 
tor. The same applies to nursing 
schools. 
Today, commercially prepareä, pre- 
packaged, preassembled, presterilized 
tray setups are coming on the market. 
A host of manufacturers are preparing 
them. These people recognize the im- 
portance of the concept of a standard 


"for one and for all" if there is to be: 
· more convenience 
· better service 
· smaller inventories 
· assured quality 
If hospitals will not accept a stand- 
ard setup they will get greater ag- 
gravation. 
Nurses may already have experienc- 
ed some of the problems associated 
with specially-prepared sets. "It's 
late!" "Something's missing!" "They've 
used the wrong item!" Then it begins 
- phone calls, questions, answers, 
promises, explanations. 
How efficient would any central 
service be if it had to prepare 10 to 
20 variations of the same setup? How 
much higher are costs when special 
parts must be purchased for the varia- 
tions as opposed to the cost-saving 
of quantity purchase? How much 
more storage space is required if sever- 
al variables of an item must be stocked 
according to glove size, needle size, 
syringe size, and so on ? 
Compound these problems by 
1,452* hospitals in Canada and you 
have an idea of the number of poten- 
tial problems facing manufacturers 
and dealers. 
High costs of specials 
Manufacturers, because of compe- 
tition, have catered to these individual 
preferences and have made "specials." 
In other words, the salesman is told 
that if the tray is not prepared special- 
ly for that hospital, it will be ob- 
tained from another manufacturer. 


*Dominion Bureau of Statistics, List of 
Canadian Hospitals (83-201) 1965, p. 6. 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 47 



However, if this trend continues, 
prices will have to rise. 
An excellent analogy is what has 
happened in the automotive industry. 
From Henry Ford's "I'll paint it any 
color as long as it's black" concept, 
there is now a huge range of models. 
A spokesman for Ford stated that 
it is conceivable that they could go 
through an entire year without making 
two identical automobiles. It does not 
take much "gray matter" to under- 
stand the reason for the high cost of 
an automobile. Many people believe 
that as volume goes up, price comes 
down. The converse of this is true in 
the automobile industry because most 
cars are "specials." 
Hospitals often fail to understand 
the reason for a higher price on a 
special. For example, if their special 
is created by removing a part, some 
believe that the price of the tray 
should be reduced proportionately. 
What has to be taken into considera- 
tion is not only the cost of the part; 
when there is deviation from a stand- 
ard product, closer supervision and 
more production training is necessary 
because more problems are created. 
With a standard product, prod- 
uction follows a pattern and those 
involved develop a greater degree of 
skill. This naturally leads to greater 
ease in training employees, and 
greater proficiency of work. Also, aU 
manufacturing costs, particularly low 
labor and inventory costs, mean less 
money tied up in production. The 
customer then receives a quality 
product at a lower price. 


Standardization will come 
Manufacturers, doctors, nurses, and 
hospitals are all in the business of 
providing safe, effective, quality 
patient care. Standardization will 
help, but all will have to coordinate 
efforts to achieve it. 
First, simple, honest communica- 
tion is essential. At many a conven- 
tion, someone has stopped by our 
booth and requested a "speciaL" After 
he has been told about the time, 
trouble, and expense necessary, and 
that there was no guarantee that the 
product would satisfy, he invariably 
expressed thanks and understanding 
of the problem. 
Second, a natural evolution will 
occur, because neither the hospital 
nor the dealer will be able to eval- 
uate all the new products introduced 
each year. Dealers will influence the 
tendency to standardization. They do 
not have the space for four variations 
of the same tray, nor the time to learn 
the selling features. The space pro- 
blem need not be elaborated as every- 
one is aware of the problems of keep- 
48 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


ing up with space demands caused 
by disposables. However, the cost 
and disadvantages of returning to 
reusables is obvious. As the fellow 
said: "Horse travel doesn't cost as 
much as going by jet, but who is going 
to travel by horse?" 
To be profitable, disposable business 
must be done on a volume basis. Com- 
petition will eventually force manu- 
facturers to standardize or get out 
of certain areas. 
Third, the introduction of electro- 
nic equipment and items such as the 
dataphone will help to bring stand- 
ardization. Recently, eight hospitals 
in an area organized to share com- 
puter facilities to improve patient ser- 
vice and hospital administration. The 
new system will help control inven- 
tories of more than 2,500 different 
stock items and will provide greater 
economies in supply purchase. These 
eight hospitals have had to come to 
agreement on basic items. 
Fourth, labor problems will also 
bring standardization more quickly. 
Hospital rates are rising rapidly as 
higher salaries are obtained by nurses 
and other hospital employees who 
have been underpaid in past years. 
Hospital administration will aim for 
increased efficiency and one way will 
be through increased standardization. 
A fifth factor affecting standard- 
ization is that the practice of medi- 
cine is changing. Dr. Oscar Creech, Jr., 
Professor of Surgery and Chairman of 
the Department at Tulane University 
School of Medicine, recently predicted 
that by 1990 medicine will be prac- 
ticed on an assembly-line basis. He 
pointed out that neither patients nor 
physicians are ready for such changes, 
but radical changes in the practice of 
medicine are inevitable and the pro- 
fession must prepare for them so as to 
dictate in some measure how they will 
occur. Standardization of equipment 
and supplies will play a part if this 
prediction becomes reality. 
In the United States, the Federal 
Government is becoming increasingly 
involved in the medical industry, and 
with Medicare it will become even 
more concerned with costs. It is to be 
hoped that the industry itself will un- 
dertake cost control and not invite the 
government to take over. 


Manufacturer's goals 
Manufacturers must meet the crite- 
ria of quality of the medical industry 
in all products. Each item must be of 
a quality that is adequate for its spe- 
cific purpose. Therefore, the purpose 
must be spelled out before work can 
begin on a product. Again, communi- 
cation between user and manufacturer 
is essential as trial and error evalua- 


tion help to elucidate additional factors 
and more useful methods. 
Many techniques of communication 
may be used: 
1. Questionnaires are devised for 
each specific product. These are kept 
simple and concise, but include a com- 
ment section. Some questionnaires are 
sent by an agency so that the manu- 
facturer's name is not used; others are 
designed to be used by salesmen during 
a "market test" phase of a product. 
2. Consultants are sent to approxi- 
mately 100 hospitals to check out var- 
ious aspects of a product in the actual 
situation. Monthly reports are sent in 
on the product. 
3. Recently, an advisory panel has 
been used effectively. The panel for 
an item used in nursing would include: 
five nurses from the nursing adminis- 
tration office (either the director or her 
associates); three operating room su- 
pervisors; nine central supply super- 
visors; one nurse from the intravenous 
team; one nurse with special interest in 
research and development; and one 
purchasing agent. 
The panel meets for a day to pre- 
sent concepts and prototypes and to 
evaluate existing products. The atmos- 
phere is relaxed and informal and cri- 
ticism is encouraged. 
4. Organization within the industry 
can also help. A new group of market- 
ing people from 31 companies held a 
meeting at which competitors sat to- 
e-ether and agreed that they could, and 
should, work together toward certain 
aspects of standardization. 


Identical goals 
Standardization will benefit patient 
care, but it needs cooperation and 
communication and time. 
In a recent editorial in the Journal of 
the American Hospital Association ma- 
gazine, Hospitals, it was stated: "A 
need exists for more standardization, 
simplification, higher standards, bet- 
ter communication, more efficient 
marketing techniques, and more co- 
operative efforts by hospitals and in- 
dustry to develop products for hospital 
use... Better communication between 
hospitals and supply firms is also 
needed about product research and 
development and also use of equip- 
ment and supplies in patient care... 
Hospitals should not only be willing 
to assist industry by discussing in use, 
patient-care factors that may affect 
proper design, but also should realize 
that this is a continuing responsibility 
of the hospital field. Industry, on its 
part will find that involving profes- 
sional and hospital personnel early in 
the development stages of hospital 
equipment will be advantageous..." 
This sums it up quite solidly. 0 
MARCH 1967 



Hospital and health care 
- what price? 


Almost daily, news media make 
Canadians aware of skyrocketing hos- 
pital costs. While all this informa- 
tion is of great interest to the indi- 
vidual, it unfortunately fails to reveal 
how much of the total cost is diverted 
from one's personal income. If one 
considers all the various types of taxes 
to which one's income is subjected, 
it becomes clear that it would be an 
exercise in futility to attempt to com- 
pute any given individual's share of 
hospital costs. 
Hospital operating costs 
Public general hospitals, with few 
exceptions, come under provincial 
jurisdiction. It is left to provincial 
governments to negotiate with hos- 
pitals, individually, to determine the 
amounts that each hospital is entitled 
to receive in order to offer hospital 
care to those requiring it. 
However, in the Canadian system 
of taxation the federal government 
collects a part of the taxes earmarked 
to pay hospital costs, which in turn 
are transferred to the provincial gov- 
ernments. As the amounts received 
from the federal government cover 
approximately half (depending on the 
province involved) of shareable hos- 
pital costs, it remains to the province 
to raise most of the remaining balance. 
This is accomplished through various 
tax-raising programs and, in some 
provinces, through direct contribu- 
tions from individuals. 
In some provinces, authorities may 
MARCH 1967 


Often we are informed that the local hospital's costs have increased 20 percent 
in the past year. This raises the question of how much each individual 
is going to have to supply to cover the increase. 


S. J. Maubach, B. Comm., CA. 


raise funds to reimburse hospitals for 
their costs through a combination of 
the foregoing methods. For instance, 
in Ontario a married man must pay, 
or have paid on his behalf, $6.50 
per month to the provincial plan for 
prepaid hospital care. However, the 
total collected by the province in this 
manner is insufficient to provide 
enough funds to reimburse hospitals 
for the province's share of costs and 
it therefore becomes necessary to al- 
locate monies gathered from some 
other source to the hospital cost pool. 
In Quebec, individuals do not make 
direct payments to the provincial 
government in the form of premiums; 
the provincial government's share of 
hospital costs is financed through 
general tax programs. In British 
Columbia, yet another innovation is 
found. Each hospital patient must 
pay one dollar per day to the hos- 
pital while he remains in the institu- 
tion, in addition to the amount he 
pays to the government. 
Here then we see the individual 
may pay for hospitalization to three 
parties: the federal government, the 
provincial government, and the hos- 
pital in which he becomes a patient. 
These are but a few examples to il- 
lustrate how complicated it would be 
for any individual to determine how 
much one actually does pay toward 
hospital costs. 


Mr. Maubach is Lecturer, School of Hos- 
pital Administration. University of Ottawa. 


Furthermore, it must be noted that 
most provinces do not reimburse each 
hospital its total costs incurred in 
the treatment of patients. For in- 
stance, in all provinces except Mani- 
toba, depreciation on hospital buil- 
dings must be absorbed by the hos- 
pital. Interest on capital debt is not 
generally covered in reimbursement 
formulas except in Alberta and Mani- 
toba. 


Hospital capital costs 
Up to now mention has only been 
made of the funds required in the day- 
to-day operations of the hospital. 
Where does the money come from to 
build the hospital in the first place? 
As with operating costs, both federal 
and provincial governments are invol- 
ved in financing part of the capital 
required to construct and partially 
equip hospital facilities. 
These two levels of government 
combine to underwrite, in most cases, 
a large portion of the total cost; the 
amount varies from province to pro- 
vince. However, the federal program 
is constant for each project. It is there- 
fore left to most hospitals to find other 
sources of funds to finance that por- 
tion of capital costs not provided for 
by federal and provincial authorities. 
These funds are derived from several 
possible bodies - municipal govern- 
ments, philanthropic organizations, 
religious orders operating the hos- 
pitals, and, needless to say, you and I. 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 49 



Federal 
Government 


Taxes 


Tax-Shared Programs 


Provincial 
Government 


Individual 


Charges 
Not Paid by Plan 
Donations 


Prope y Taxes 


Municipal 
Government 


Religious 
Bodies 


CHART 1 


Philanthropic 
Bodies 


Source and allocation of 
hospital funds 
It might be well to follow the flow 
of funds to their final destination - 
the hospital. Taxes collected by the 
federal government are passed on to 
the provincial governments under an 
established formula. This money goes 
into a provmcial hospital pool. The 
provincial government raises money 
from taxes or premiums, or both, and 
these are also allocated to the hospital 
pool. This pool of funds is then distri- 
buted to individual hospitals based 
on a negotiated budget, or other 
similar planning and control devices, 
which is meant to repay the hospital 
for approved costs incurred in treat- 
ing patients in a standard ward. 
Should the patient prefer accommoda- 
tion superior to that of the standard 
ward, it is necessary that the indivi- 
dual pay an extra fee to the hospital. 
These extra funds obtained by the 
hospital are sometimes shared with 
the province and the portion retained 
by the hospital is meant, in part, to 
cover losses suffered by the institu- 
tion. (Chart. J.) 
Not to be forgotten are those hos- 
pitals which serve the outpatients of 
50 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


A Public General 
Hospital 


the community. In varying degrees, 
most of the provincial plans do not 
reimburse the hospital for the entire 
costs, sometimes substantial, incurred 
in rendering this service. 


Table 1 


Projected 1966 Expenditure on 
Personal Health 
Services and Facilities] 
Cost 
Per Capita 


Service 


Physicians 
Dentists 
Other Health Services 
Health Insurance Admin. 
Prescribed drugs 
Hospital Services 
TOTAL SERVICES 
HEAL TH FACILITIES:! 
TOTAL 


$ 24.91 
8.00 
7.14 
4.68 
7.56 
73.89 
$126.18 
8.27 
$134.45 


I. Royal Commission on Health Services. 
Volume I. Queen's Printer, 1964, p. 843. 
2. Ibid., p. 851. 


Other health facilities 
While this article has so far been 
restricted to the hospital field, some 
reference should be made to other 
health care costs in order that some 
idea may be given of the magnitude 
of the total health care picture which, 
directly or indirectly, must be paid 
for by the tax-paying public. 
The anticipated cost of health care 
in Canada in 1966 shows that $134.45 
would be spent for every man, woman 
and child. While the major portion 
goes to hospital services, $60.56 per 
man, woman and child will go to other 
services and health facilities. (Ta- 
ble J.) 
While the figures in the table give 
a rough indication of total health 
care costs, it should be pointed out 
that they are shown on a per capita 
basis. If you happen to earn higher 
than average income, your share of 
the cost is substantially higher. 
Even though it now appears impos- 
sible to determine how much we, as 
individuals, pay toward hospital and 
other health care costs, we undoubted- 
ly receive much better care than our 
forefathers did. However, in view of 
the rapidly changing nature of health 
services offered to us, the day will soon 
arrive when the politicians, health 
care leaders and the Canadian public 
must determine how much income is 
being spent and should be spent for 
our well-being. 0 


MARCH 1967 



research abstracts 


The following are abstracts of studies 
selected from the Canadian Nurses' As- 
sociation Repository Collection of Nursing 
Studies. Abstract manuscripts are prepared 
by the authors. 


Buchan, Irene M. A Study of inadive 
nurses in Alberta, Canada, to determine 
selected characteristics, reasons for in- 
acti,'ity, and the extellt to which they 
represellt a potential nursing resource. 
Seattle, 1966. Thesis (M.N.) University 
of Washington. 
The study was done to determine: l. the 
characteristics of inactive nurses; 2. the 
reasons for their inactive status; and 3. the 
extent to which inactive nurses planned to 
return to full-time or part-time nursing 
employment. 
Data were gathered by a questionnaire. 
The respondents comprised 374 inactive 
nurses in Alberta. Data from the question- 
naires were tabulated according to four 
categories: l. nurses who had already re- 
turned to active nursing; 2. inactive nurses 
who planned to return to active nursing; 
3. inactive nurses who were uncertain about 
returning to active nursing; and 4. inactive 
nurses who did not plan to return to nur- 
sing. In order to present a composite 
picture of the inactive nurse, data from 
the questionnaires of the latter three 
categories were tabulated and analyzed. 
Questionnaires of 43 nurses who were al- 
ready re-employed were deleted from the 
study, leaving a total of 331 inactive nurses 
as the study population. 
The findings indicated that the respon- 
dents represented a considerable potential 
nursing resource. A composite picture of 
the inactive nurse was presented. 1 he three 
main reasons for inactivity given by the 
majority of the non-practicing nurses were 
concerned with home and family respon- 
sibilities, arrangements for care of children, 
and personnel policies. Recommendations 
for further study were made. 


Neylan, Margaret S. The del'elopment 01 
an e,'aluation Q-Sort; a study of nursing 
instructors. Vancouver, 1966. Thesis 
(M.A.) University of British Columbia. 
The purpose of this study was to develop 
an Evaluation Q-Sort and to test it by 
measuring the perceptions held by nursing 
instructors on the relative importance of 
five functions and effects of evaluation. 
The functions and effects identified for 
study were: the measurement of student 
achievement; the measurement of student 
MARCH 1967 


progress; psychological effects of evalua- 
tion; the influence of evaluation on teach- 
ing; and the influence of evaluation on 
administration. An Evaluation Q-Sort was 
developed and used to measure the percep- 
tions of evaluation held by the III nursing 
instructors in the 6 professional nursing 
schools in the Lower Mainland and Van- 
couver Island areas of the Province of 
British Columbia. 
The population was divided into 10 clas- 
sifications according to various criteria 
related to role, experience, preparation, and 
instructional setting. The central hypothesis 
assumed that the group of instructors as a 
whole would not assign greater importance 
to anyone of the 5 functions and effects 
of evaluation. The 9 sub-hypotheses assum- 
ed that the perceptions of evaluation held 
by nursing instructors would not be in- 
fluenced by the variables selected for study. 
The .05 level of significance was used in 
the study. 
The results indicated that the nursing 
instructors did ascribe significantly dif- 
ferent degrees of importance to the 5 func- 
tions and effects of evaluation. Measure- 
ment of student achievement was ascribed 
least importance and measurement of stu- 
dent progress was ascribed most importance 
among the functions and effects studied. In 
addition, differences were found with res- 
pect to the nature of the instructors' res- 
ponsibilities, the type of school in which 
she taught, and her stated level of satisfac- 
tion with preparation as an evaluator. No 
differences were found with respect to 
length of experience in nursing service or 
education, preparation as an instructor, 
course in tests and measurements, instruc- 
tional focus, and instructional setting. 


Arpin. Kathleen. A study to identify dif- 
ferences, on selected factors, between 
uni,'ersity-qualified students who are 
enrolled in the first year of a bac- 
calaureate or a diploma program in 
nursing. Boston, 1965. Field Study, 
(M.S.) Boston University. 
The study was undertaken to identify 
the differences, on selected factors, be- 
tween university-qualified students who were 
enrolled in the first year of a baccalaureate 
program or a diploma program in nursing. 
The subjects selected for study were 
students enroIled in the first year of two 
baccalaureate programs in nursing and uni- 
versity-qualified students in one diploma 
school of nursing. The schools taking part 
were located in large metropolitan cities 


in approximately the same geographical 
area. 
Data were coIlected by means of a mail- 
ed questionnaire, administered by faculty 
members, which was developed to obtain 
information on the student's social class, 
social background, educational background, 
reasons for selection of school, interest 
in further education, and other related 
factors that might influence a student's 
selection of a particular type of school. 
The responses to the questions were com- 
pared and the differences and similarities 
described. 
The findings indicated that there were 
differences and similarities between the 
two groups. The major areas of difference 
were in social class, reasons for selection 
of school, interest in further education. 
and in social background on the items relat- 
ed to parental attitude toward university 
education. There was little or no difference 
between the two groups on the remaining 
items used to gain information on social 
background, educational background, and 
on the other related factors that might have 
influenced a student's selection of a parti- 
cular type of program. 
Recommendations include: l. that a 
more definitive study of all students in 
grade 13, who have been accepted in either 
a baccalaureate or a diploma program, be 
done to determine the differences between 
the two groups, and 2. that a study of 
parents of grade 13 students who have been 
accepted in either a baccalaureate or a 
diploma program be done to determine 
their attitude toward university education 
for their daughters as compared to the 
students. 


Lennie. Clara May. A study of student 
achie,'ement in an A Iberta hospital school 
of nursing in relation to selected char- 
acteristics of the mother. Seattle, ]965. 
Thesis (M.N.) Univ. of Washington. 
The purpose of this study was to explore 
the relationship between achievement of 
the student nurse in a diploma program 
and selected characteristics of the mother. 
A questionnaire, given to 236 second 
and third-year students, provided informa- 
tion about the mother's characteristics and 
other biographical data. School records 
were reviewed for student achievement. 
The data revealed little relationship 
between the achievement of the student 
nurse and characteristics of the mother as 
measured by her preparation as a nur
e or 
(Continued on page 52) 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 51 



research abstracts 


(Continued from page 51) 
in a related health field, level of education, 
present and past occupation, income, and 
by the mother-daughter relationship. There 
was some indication that the younger, 
single student who entered nursing directly 
from the parental home in which both 
parents were living together, received higher 
grades in nursing fundamentals, micro- 
biology, and pharmacology II. The older 
student obtained higher grades in introduc- 
tion to disease, and medical-surgical nur- 
sing. When mothers were employed before 
marriage, daughters did better in social 
sciences. Students from larger families, 
daughters of mothers employed part-time, 
daughters of mothers currently employed 
in a hospital, and daughters who thought 
parents should guide them in career choice, 
received higher grades in several measures 
of achievement. 


Baribeau, Pierrette. A study of expressed 
attitudes of Lamaze fathers toward labor 
and deli\'ery experience. Boston, 1964. 
Thesis (M.Sc.) Boston University. 
This exploratory study is concerned with 
the father's attitude toward the labor and 
delivery phase of his wife's pregnancy. 
The investigation was conducted within the 
realm of the Lamaze method of childbirth. 
It was assumed that by defining the father's 
role during this important event, the Lamaze 
method was contributing to the reduction 
of the father's anxiety by an increased feel- 
ing of participation. 
The sample included six fathers whose 
wives had had a succesful labor according 
to the Lamaze method. The fathers were 
present only during the labor period. Four 
of the fathers were doctors, one was an 
architect and the sixth was an assistant 
researcher. Three were having their second 
or third experience with the Lamaze 
method of childbirth; for three, it was 
their first experience. 
The method of data collection was a 
partially structured interview with open-end- 
ed questions. The interviews were conduct- 
ed in offices, restaurants or in waiting- 
rooms. The responses were recorded verb- 
atim with the aid of a tape recorder. 
The data were analyzed in relation to 
the father's attitude toward childbirth, 
labor, role perception, and the influence 
of his participation on these attitudes. 
In conclusion, it appears that the Lamaze 
fathers, as they gained more experience 
with the method, also gained more confi- 
dence in the value of their participation. 
They expressed less anxiety verbally and 
in their reported behavior as long as they 
were allowed to be with their wives to assist 
them. They agreed that the Lamaze method 
52 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


is a support to the father because of the 
knowledge given, the defined task, and 
the rationale for active participation of 
the husband in the childbirth process. Some 
fathers expressed the belief that having 
something to do was a help to them. Their 
encounter with the Lamaze method left 
them with a feeling of satisfaction and a 
positive attitude toward childbirth. 
Consequently, it is recommended that 
prenatal classes should stress the import- 
ance of usefulness of the father in the 
antepartal and partal period. Such classes 
should include, beside the usual knowledge, 
a better delineation of the father's role. 
Nurses should be aware of the father's 
need for a role definition and be prepared 
to supply such information. Furthermore, 
a study should be made to ascertain the 
degree of decreased anxiety experienced 
by the Lamaze fathers as compared to 
the amount of anxiety of other prepared 
fathers. 


McKinnon, M. Barbara, Sister. Coordination 
within tire educatioMI program in hos- 
pital schools of nursing. London, 1965. 
Thesis (M.Sc.N.) Univ. of Western 
Ontario. 
This study was designed primarily to 
determine the need for greater coordination 
within the educational program as perceiv- 
ed by directors, teachers, and head nurses 
participating in selected hospital schools 
of nursing programs. The project investi- 
gates four main aspects of coordination, 
namely: 1. the perceived need for coordina- 
tion, the degree of this need, and the 
reasons underlying it; 2. the functions that 
may conceivably be included in coordina- 
tion; 3. an assessment of how well coor- 
dination is currently carried out; the re- 
cognized need for modification of activities, 


Toul!h 


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Now it's your turn. Write 
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and how this modification may be effected; 
4. the persons deemed most suitable to 
effect coordination, and their desirable 
qualifications. 
Since only 5 of the 63 diploma schools 
in Ontario employ an educational coordin- 
ator, it seemed pertinent to explore the 
reactions of these coordinators regarding 
their recent appointments and the extent 
of their contribution to the school program. 
Findings from the study indicate the 
expressed need for greater coordination 
within the educational program in hospital 
schools of nursing. Evidence points to the 
advisability of charging one person within 
a school faculty with the primary responsi- 
bility for coordinating the educational pro- 
gram. The research data from this project 
should be assessed within the framework 
of further definitive study of the whole 
organizational pattern and allocation of the 
many functions involved in implementation 
of the educational program. 


Bell, Franc" E, A study of programs in 
selected schools of nursing to determine 
the liberal education content of the 
curriculum with specific reference to 
learning experiences related to nursing 
of the aged. London, 1966. Thesis 
(M.Sc.N.) Univ. of Western Ontario. 
This survey study explores the liberal 
education content of the curriculum of 
four purposely selected schools of nursing, 
with specific reference to learning ex- 
periences related to nursing of the aged. 
None of the schools in the sample are 
associated in the traditional manner with a 
hospital; two are located within multidisci- 
pline institutions, and two in single dis- 
cipline institutions. 
Through the use of a questionnaire, data 
were collected pertinent to the following: 
the general education prerequisite for 
entrance; what comprises the general educ- 
ation component; the means used to liber- 
alize the professional education component; 
and how these are utilized with specific 
reference to learning experiences related 
to nursing of the aged. This study is not 
intentionally either comparative or evalu- 
ative in relation to these curricula. 
Recommendations arising from the find- 
ings in the study include: 1. repetition of 
the project using a larger sample with the 
possible development of tools for purposely 
comparing and evaluating the curricula 
studied; 2. research into what comprises 
the most appropriate general education 
background for entrance into basic schools 
of nursing; 3. further exploration through 
research and the continuing refinement of 
the curricula in schools of nursing to ascer- 
tain how these may be optimally liberalized; 
4. strengthening of the general education 
and professional education preparation of 
teachers in schools of nursing to maximize 
their contribution to the liberalizing of the 
curriculum. 


MARCH 1967 



, 
". 


o 
Ie 


books 


Nursing Care of the Adolescent by S.L. 
Hammar, M.D. and Jo Ann Eddy, B.S., 
R.N. 232 pages. New York, Springer 
Publishing Company, Inc., 1966. 
Reviewed by Mrs. S. Lyons, nursing 
service supervisor, The Montreal Chil- 
dren's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec. 


This text is informative, realistic frank, 
and practical. By discussing the normal 
phases of adolescence, and by explaining and 
interpreting the confusing physical and 
emotional changes that occur, the authors 
answer many questions and clear up com- 
mon misconceptions. 
Dr. Hammar and Miss Eddy bring forth 
an important concept when they deal with 
the feelings of the nurse as well as those 
of the adolescent. They point out the need 
for the nurse to understand her own feelings 
before she can effectively cope with those 
of the adolescent and thus establish good 
rapport. 
The emotional responses and the be- 
havioral changes of the "normal" adoles- 
cent are discussed, and ways of helping 
him handle them are presented. In ad- 
dition to stating a principle to be followed, 
examples of the "how" are included, which 
make the management more concrete and 
meaningful. This is followed by a discus- 
sion of illness and the additional stress that 
this places on the teenager due to his hyper- 
sensitivity and uncertain self-image. 
Most nursing texts deal primarily with 
diseases and nursing care; however, this 
book emphasizes normal teenage growth, 
development, and behavior. The many 
unique problems confronting the sick ado- 
lescent, either physically or emotionally, 
are discussed within this context. Each 
chapter of this paperback is followed by a 
summary and suggested reference readings. 
This book would help those dealing with 
adolescents in sickness or in health, at home, 
at school, or in hospital. It simply and 
directly discusses the many and unique 
problems confronting the adolescent, and 
explains the inconsistent behavior character- 
istic of this age group, for example, resolu- 
tion of the conflict between dependency and 
independency. 
The authors' stated objective is met. "This 
book is not intended to be a comprehensive 
discourse on adolescence, for it neither 
covers the entire field of adolescence, nor 
details all illness found in this age group, 
but we hope that it will be a useful hand- 
book." 


MARCH 1967 


Continuity of Patient Care: The Role of 
Nursing edited by K. Mary Straub, R.N., 
Ed.D. and Kitty S. Parker, R.N., M.S.N. 
232 pages. Washington, The Catholic 
University of America Press, 1966. 
Reviewed by the laJe Dr. Katherine Mac- 
Laggan, director, School of Nursing, 
University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, 
N.B. 


The editors have done a yeoman job in 
their attempt to present a report of the 
1965 Workshop of the School of Nursing 
of the Catholic University of America. This 
workshop was "designed to consider the 
responsibilities of nurse practitioners in as- 
suring continuity of patient care." 
The report is presented in two parts: 
presentation of main topics, and summaries 
of seminar proceedings. The first part is 
composed of the papers presented by com- 
petent authorities, followed in some cases 
by discussions of these papers. The second 
part summarizes the discussion and the 
deliberation of the group sessions. Every- 
one familiar with the workshop technique 


DIRECTORS 
AND 
ASSIST ANT 
DIRECTORS 


tJ 

 


WORKSHOPS ON 
PROBLEM-SOLVING 


learn and practice problem- 
solving skills applied to 
Hospital Nursing Service 


Have you registered? 


Halifax April 11-14, 1967 
Vancouver May 2-5, 1967 


It s later than you think! 


Write to: 


CANADIAN 
50 The Driveway, 
Ottawa 4, Ontario. 
NURSES' ASSOCIATION 


will accept that repetItIon is unavoidable, 
and, of course, repetition is evident in this 
report. 
Details, such as demographic data, and 
legislation affecting maternal and child 
health services and mental health services, 
are American in orientation, but the inter- 
pretation of these details is applicable to 
the Canadian situation. 
All nurses, to say nothing of the power 
figures in Canada who make the big deci- 
sions about health, such as doctors, ministers 
of health, government officials, and admi- 
nistrators of health services, should read 
the report to broaden their horizons on 
the meaning of continuity of patient care. 
For instance, Dr. Eleanor P. Hunt, a 
consultant on biostatistics to the research 
division of the Children's Bureau in Wash- 
ington, says: 
"The health professions then have 
changed from their traditional role of im- 
provement of the physical ills of an indi- 
vidual on a personal basis to community 
based action leading to the prevention of 
disease and the correction of all physical, 
economic, emotional, and spiritual problems 
surrounding illness." 
While this has been said before in many 
conteAts and in other words, it still counts 
as big news for those who make decisions 
and ensure action. 
To nurse educators, the report has im- 
plications for curriculum development. To 
nurse administrators, it indicates the ex- 
tent to which the base of operation in nurs- 
ing services must be widened. To nurse 
practitioners, it provides some insight into 
the magnitude of the nursing role in con- 
temporary society. 


Gynecologic Nursing by John I. Brewer, 
M.D., Ph.D., Doris M. Molbo, R.N., 
Ph.B., and Albert B. Gerbie, M.D. 171 
pages. St. Louis, Mosby, 1966. 


The subtitle calls this "A textbook con- 
cerning nursing through an understanding 
of the patients themselves and their gyne- 
cologic problems." It is directed toward 
aiding the student to develop good judg- 
ment in patient care, rather than toward 
providing her with vast stores of facts. The 
book outlines some guides in human rela- 
tionships as well as the necessary facts and 
procedures of gynecologic nursing. 
Because the authors have prepared a 
book that will assist nurses to make judg- 
ments, much of the content involves con- 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 53 



books 


cepts that could be applied to all patients 
in hospital. Chapters on "The Essence of 
Nursing," "The Preoperative Patient," and 
'The Postoperative Patient," contain much 
material that is applicable to all surgical 
nursing, yet the approach is such that it 
is in no way repetitive. 
When the size of the book is considered. 
for it is a slim volume, one is impressed 
by the thoroughness and completeness of 
the material and the clear, concise method 
of presentation. h is an easy book to read. 
At the end of each chapter, lists of re- 
commended reading for students, patients 
and instructors are given. 
The second chapter of the book, "The 
Patient's Symptoms," presents the three 
main gynecological symptoms: bleeding, 
pruritis, and pain. This discussion of symp- 
toms, and their meaning to both patients 
and nurses, provides one of the best intro- 
ductions to patient understanding to be 
found in a nursing text. A thorough expla- 
nation of the psychological basis of symp- 
toms is supplied. The section on pain is 
excellent and should be read by every 
nurse. 
Gynecologic Nursing deserves consider- 
ation as a text in schools of nursing, and 
as well should be available on every ward 
that has gynecologic patients. It mi:;ht 
also be required reading prior to 1riservice 
discussions for graduate nurse ç . 


Maternity Care in the World, Interna- 
tional Survey of Midwifery Practice 
and Training. Report of a Joint Study 
Group of the International Federation of 
Gynaecology and Obstetrics and the In- 
ternational Confederation of Midwives. 
527 pages. 1966. Toronto, Pergamon 
Press. 
Reviewed by Miss Frances Howard, nurs- 
ing consultam, Canadian Nurses' Associa- 
tion, Ottawa, Ontario. 


Another first has been added to the in- 
creasing body of infonnation on world 
health services. Through the joint effort of 
the InternationaJ Federation of Gynaecology 
and Obstetrics and the InternationaJ Council 
of Midwives. a world survey of maternity 
health services was begun in 1961. Maternity 
Care in the World is a compilation of the 
data obtained through this survey. 
The purpose of the study was to inves- 
tigate the training and practice of midwives 
throughout the world. However the study 
group recognized the need to obtain other 
kinds of infonnation related to the practice 
of midwifery. Vital statistics on maternal 
health services as well as information on 
the training and practice of midwives was 
obtained. 
One hundred and seventy-four countries 
54 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


CNA's Repository Collection of Nursing Studies 
Next month. Canadian Library Week will be observed. Last year THE CANADIAN 
NURSE recognized a sister association's special week by a feature article on the CNA 
Library. This year it seemed appropriate to describe a rather unique aspect of the library 
service, the CNA Repository Collection of Nursing Studies. 
Four years ago the decision was made that the Canadian Nurses' Association 
would establish and maintain a collection of nursing studies. When the CNA library 
was established on a formal basis in 1964, this collection became the responsibility of 
the library. 
The collection now contains some 90 studies, and includes master's and doctoral 
theses and studies by government organizations and institutions. Their scope varies 
from major surveys of large areas or topics to investigations of relatively small scope. 
The only governing criterion is that the study is on a subject of concern to nursing in 
Canada, or, in the case of a thesis, was conducted by a Canadian nurse. 
The earliest study in the collection at present is the famous Weir Report, Survey 
of Nursing Education in Canada, printed in 1932 by the University of Toronto Press. 
This report is now out of print but is still very much in demand for schools of nursing 
libraries. This demand may now be met, in part at least, by loans from the CNA 
library. 
Recent additions to the collection include Portrait of Nursing; a Plan for the 
Education of Nurses in New Brunswick by CNA President, Dr. K.E. MacLaggan; The 
Study of Nursing Education in Canada by Dr. H.K. Mussallem for the Royal Commis- 
sion on Health Services; The Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on Nursing Education 
in Saskatchewan (Tucker Report); master's theses from some of the 1966 graduating 
class at the University of Western Ontario; and A Study of Inactive Nurses in Alberta 
by Irene M. Buchan, a Canadian Nurses' Foundation scholar, submitted toward a 
master's degree at the University of Washington. 
Canadian Nurses' Foundation scholars are required, and other master's and doctoral 
students are encouraged, to deposit their theses in the collection. Since only minimal 
funds are available to assist the students to defray typing costs of a copy of their study 
for the collection, many students prefer to lend us a copy with written permission to 
Xerox it. 
Studies deposited in the collection are shown as received in the special listings 
in the CNA Bul/etin and in the accession list of the CNA library in THE CANADIAN 
NURSE. 
In 1964, the Canadian Nurses' Association issued an Index of Canadian Nursing 
Studies (now out of print). This issue of the Index included many studies for which 
copies were not available in the collection. In the revised Index the majority of the 
studies are available for consultation from the CNA collection of Nursing Studies. 
Now, still another key to the collection will be available in the form of selected 
abstracts that are to be published periodically in THE CANADIAN NURSE. 
Use of the collection as a resource tool for nursing research and studies increases 
daily, both at national office and across Canada by inter-library loan. Some studies 
are booked months ahead. The CNA Repository Collection of Nursing Studies, while 
still young and developing, is already proving of value to the profession and to the 
contributors. 


were included in the study. Data are re- 
ported by country and by region. A com- 
mentary is included for each country. Com- 
parative tables illustrating data on maternity 
care and midwifery training and practice 
by country and by region are included. Vital 
statisticaJ data are reported for the years 
1951 and 1961. In addition there is a 
summary of the world situation. Included 
are vitaJ statistics, by region, and a sum- 
mary commentary on methods of training 
and roles and functions of midwives. Prob- 
lems of definition and registration which in- 
hibit the conduct of global studies are 
noted. 
The study group recognized that recom- 
mendations could not be made toward spe- 
cific action in individual countries. Instead, 
recommendations relate to the conduct of 
similar national studies as a prelude to the 
establishment of national P9licies. Similar 


internationaJ studies are recommended for 
the future. 
It is also recommended that aJl countries 
aim at establishing uniform definitions, thus 
allowing for more conclusive comparative 
data. Other recommendations refer to re- 
gistration of midwives, aid to developing 
countries, improvement of standards of 
training and practice. and increased country 
membership in the ICM and the F.I.G.O. 
Maternity Care in tllC World is described, 
in the preface, as "the end of the beginning," 
As such it is a vaJuable reference book for 
all health personnel involved with maternity 
services. It provides an opportunity to com- 
pare progress with that of other countries 
and to learn of other methods of training 
and utilization of midwives. The recom- 
mendations call for continued study and im- 
provement and provide a directive for future 
action, internationally and nationally. 
MARCH 1967 



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books 


Migraine by Harold Maxwell, M.D. 64 
pages. Toronto, The Macmillan Company 
of Canada Limited, 1966. 
Reviewed by Miss W. Bell, director of 
nursing service, The General and Marine 
Hospital, Owen Sound, Onto 


No. 
100 


While Migraine has been written essen- 
tially for the medical profession by one 
of its own members, this in no way detracts 
from its interest for those outside the 
profession, and particularly those afflicted 
by headache. Since we are told in the fore- 
ward that approximately one in ten of our 
adult population is affected, in some degree, 
by migraine, it should follow that this 
publication will be widely and thoughtfulIy 
read. 
Many theories are expressed as to the 
cause of migraine and it has been variously 
described throughout the centuries. Insuf- 
ficient evidence gave no real support to 
the thinking of those who sought to clas- 
sify it as an allergy. However, some evidence 
did indicate that migraine sufferers are 
more likely to be people who present 
neurotic symptoms, the most notable one 
being anxiety. It is thought that they pos- 
sess unresolved, unconscious conflicts mak- 
ing stressful life situations too difficult to 
handle. Somatic, hysterical and phobic feat- 
ures may also be observed. However, it 
must be realized that there is no conclusive 
proof that migraine is the only affliction 
to which the foregoing symptoms are 
linked. 
The doctor-patient relationship is stres- 
sed in a very positive way, and the rap- 
port and relationship between the patient 
and general practitioner is highly signifi- 
cant, being a means of lessening tension 
for the patient to a marked degree. Time, 
of course, is an essential element. 
The concluding chapter is a real high- 
light for patients with this illness. It deals 
with many of their accompanying problems 
in a most practical and helpful way and 
ends with the locations of the migraine 
clinics situated throughout England. 


No. 
169 


Medicine for Nurses, 10 ed., by W. Gordon 
Sears, M.D. (Lond.), M.R.C.P. (Lond.). 
549 pages. Toronto, The Macmillan 
Company of Canada Limited, 1966. 
Re
'iewed by Miss Thelma Pelley, director 
of nursing, Stratford General Hospital. 
Stratford, Ontario. 


This text presents a concise compilation 
of elementary data pertaining to the symp- 
tomatology, diagnosis, and medical treat- 
ment of diseases that are classified in ac- 


Next Month 
in 


The 
Canadian 
Nurse 


. Cancer 
chemotherapy 


. Changes 
in Saskatchewan's 
nursing 
education 


. Official 
opening 
of CNA 
Headquarters 


D 

 


Photo credits 


Dominion-Wide, pp. 11, 19 


National Film Board, pp. 30, 32 


National Health and Welfare, 
pp. 30, 32, 33, 43 


Miller Photo Services, Toronto, 
pp. 37, 38, 41 


University of Guelph, p. 46 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 55 



books 


cordance with their relationship to parti- 
cular body systems and/or functions. 
In the preface to this tenth edition of 
a text first published more than 30 years 
ago, the author states that he has "not 
materially altered the general plan or 
academic level of the contents." It is there- 
fore understandable that the text will 
have limited relevance to any progressive 
program in nursing. The title of the text, 
and the author's introductory comment 
that the text is designed to assist nursing 
students to acquire the minimum know- 
ledge of medical science required for the 
writing of the General Nursing Council 
examinations, suggests a simplified, in- 
complete presentation of medical data. 
In a disease-oriented approach, the text 
does not place emphasis upon any explan- 
ation of primary principles of medicine and 
their application to nursing practice. The 
limited scope of the presentation is illustrat- 
ed by the limited introductory definitions 
of "medicine" and "health," which des- 
cribe medicine as "the art and science 
of healing disease," and health as "the 
perfect structure of all organs and tissues 
of the body with a perfect performance of 
all their functions." These definitions do 


not express the broader concepts of pre- 
ventive medicine and of the World Health 
Organization definition of health which 
implies not perfection but a relative state 
of well-being and effective personal and 
social functioning. 
The format of the text is a collection of 
brief, simplified definitions organized prim- 
arily on a basis of the systems affected. 
It would seem that the format, approach, 
and content of the text tend to encourage 
memorization of given factual data rather 
than to stimulate a questioning attitude or 
an intelligent analysis and application of 
scientific principles to nursing practice. 
A further illustration of the limitations 
of the presentation is the fact that in the 
discussion of metabolism, the emphasis is 
upon disorders, with practically no refer- 
ence to the normal processes of metabolic 
function. There are brief comments upon 
fluid needs but no reference to the phy- 
siology and importance of electrolyte ba- 
lance. 


It is submitted therefore that this text 
has little to offer the instructor, student 
or practitioner of nursing who has access 
to a wide selection from many compre- 
hensive texts on pathology, physiology, and 
pharmacology. There is also a wide selec- 
tion of medical nursing texts that assist the 
nurse to understand and apply the basic 
principles of medical, physical, and social 


sciences, which are indivisibly interrelated 
to the art and science of nursing. 
All nurses today are committed to an 
obligation to be learners, teachers, and prac- 
titioners of the art of nursing. Therefore, 
the nurse of today needs the assistance of 
texts that provide intellectual stimuli and 
give an adequate illustration and explana- 
tion of the correlation and the application 
of scientific facts and principles, which are 
the underlying rationale of the essential 
skills exercised in the practice of nursing. 


Introduction to Growth, Development 
and Family Life by Dorothy Ellen Bab- 
cock, R.N., B.S.N.E., M.S.N. 2d ed. 145 
pages. Toronto, The Ryerson Press, 1966. 
Reviewed by Denise Martin, clinical in- 
structor, St. Elizabeth Hospital, Hum- 
boldt, Saskatchewan. 


This paperback text is divided into three 
parts: part one, Self Understanding; part 
two, Normal Child Development; and part 
three, Maturity. 
As stated in the preface, the book is 
intended for those engaged in Practical I 
Vocational Nursing. It is written in a very 
basic and informal style with considera- 
tion given to basic principles and the ap- 
plication of these principles to the care 
of patients. Each part is preceded by an 
overview and ended with a summary, dis- 


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THE CANADIAN NURSE 


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indigestion. And Tums are the best way 
of relieving it. Wherever you are take 
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MARCH 1967 



books 


cussion questions, and references. Through- 
out the chapters there are many diagrams 
and illustrations. 
Part one, Self Understanding, summarizes 
the concepts of personality development 
and those factors that influence its develop- 
ment. The "iceberg" phenomenon is dia- 
gramed and explained. 
Major developmental milestones and the 
basic physical and emotional needs of the 
individual at various age levels comprise 
part two. Each chapter has a catchy head- 
ing, eg., "Jet Age - Between One and Five 
Years." The same pattern is carried through 
to part three, Maturity. 
The book fulfills the author's intention 
of preparing a book, on an introductory 
level, for the practical nurse and of doing 
this in an interesting style. 


Educational Psychology by S.R. Laycock 
and H.C. Munro. 470 pages. Toronto, 
The Copp Clark Publishing Company, 
1966. 
Reviewed by Mrs. Frederica Heasman, 
R.R. # 1, Cam , lachie Ontario. 


Writers of applied introductory texts 
face a number of hazards for they must 
try to mtroduce a subject to students who 
do not have the requisite background knowl- 
edge. Hopefully, the day will come when 
student teachers have a background of phi- 
losophy, sociology, psychology, growth and 
development, etc., before they try to for- 
mulate ideas about teaching. 
Some authors writing for students with 
limited backgrounds resort to admonish- 
ing, eg., "you must accept..... or to offer- 
ing simple solutions to complex questions, 
eg., "the best way is to..... Others offer 
much detail, obscuring the viewpoint they 
seek to express. 
A need exists for these texts and will 
continue as long as school teachers are 
being prepared in short programs in 
teachers' colleges, and nursing specialists in 
education, supervision, and public health 
are offered postgraduate courses of one 
academic year. 
This text deserves wide recognition. It 
has avoided the pitfalls and contributes 
positively to an understanding of learning. 
Some of its strengths are: I. The role of 
the teacher as outlined is warm, humane, 
and creative. Differences in students, 
teachers, and approaches to learning are 
supported, and statements made are based 
on well-chosen references. 2. A skillful selec- 
tion of the material presented has resulted 
in a well-organized text written in pleasant 
English. 3. A variety of approaches to 
problems of teaching are outlined as exam- 
ples of creative thinking rather than as 
MARCH 1967 


solutions. A basis for evaluation is sug- 
gested and is integrated throughout the text 
in such a way that evaluation is presented 
as one process of learning. 4. It would 
be difficult for a person using this text to 
avoid going on to further reading in the 
areas considered as the approach is broad 
and the references are well used. 
This text would be of value for beginning 
teachers in nursing schools and for public 
and occupational health nurses. It could 
also help the experienced teacher who is 
feeling "dried up" or discouraged. 
It is a pleasant experience to read this 
book. The authors' sincerity, enthusiasm, 
and respect for learners remains undiminish- 
ed after a lifetime of teaching. 


The Nursing Clinics of North America, 
vol. I, no. 3, September 1966. June S. 
Rothberg, guest editor. Chronic Disease 
and Rehabilitation. 533 pages. A W.B. 
Saunders publication, available in Canada 
from McAinsh & Co. Ltd., of Toronto 
and Vancouver. 
Reviewed by Mrs. J. Peitchinis, associate 
professor, School of Nursing, University 
of Western Ontario, London, Ontario. 


Twenty nursing specialists contribute 17 
papers to this "Symposium on Chronic 
Disease and Rehabilitation," which prob- 
ably does provide, as the guest editor hoped 
it would, valuable new insight and specific 
suggestions for nurses practicing in all set- 
tings. 
The reviewer concurs with those authors 
who perceive many of the assumptions 
and practices discussed in the symposium 
to be applicable and imperative in all nur- 
sing: there are rehabilitative aspects in the 
care of most patients, and one looks 
forward to the time when all nursing 
practice is directed toward them, so that 
the adjective rehabilitative becomes un- 
necessary. The reviewer prefers the term 
long-term illness or disability employed by 
many of the contributors to those of chronic 
disease or disability used in the subtitle, 
and by some of the authors. 
The symposium sets out many of the 
basic assumptions underlying "rehabilitative 
nursing." It discusses the assessment of 
"patient need," approaches to working ef- 
fectively with patients, and means for co- 
ordinating all the services of the health 
team. In some papers the nurse is seen as 
the team leader. The role of the clinical 
nursing specialist in a rehabilitation center 
is described, and possibilities for nursing in 
industrial health settings are suggested. Not 
only is consideration given to the care of 
patients with particular long-term illnesses, 
but also to the process of aging, and to re- 
habilitation of psychiatric and pediatric 
patients. There are numerous illustrations 
and patient studies to facilitate the reader's 
understanding; proposals for teaching re- 
habilitative care to nonprofessional person- 
nel are also presented. 


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THE CANADIAN NURSE 57 



films 


Fire Safety 
They Called It Fireproof was produced 
in 1963 by the National Film Board. In the 
film, a coroner's inquest investigates the 
causes of a fire that took the lives of 
two patients in a supposedly "fireproof' 
hospital. It shows how every individual in 
the hospital has a responsibility for safety- 
consciousness and constant vigilance. 
The film is an excellent one for all levels 


, rJæt. 


, 



'" 


.. 


of hospital personnel, and should be shown 
in all schools of nursing and be used ex- 
tensively in inservice education programs. 
The 28-minll1e, color, sound picture re- 
ceived an award from the (USA) National 
Committee on Films for Safety. It is avail- 
able on loan for a nominal service charge 
from the regional office of the National 
Film Board, or from the Canadian Film 
Institute. 1762 Carling Ave.. Ottawa 13. 


Community Health 
A useful film for student nurses learning 
about community and public health pro- 
grams might be A Day in the life of a 


, 


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foot. Your body weight is dis- 
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general feeling of well-being. It lets you walk on the entire 
bottom of your foot instead of Just the heel and ball. This 
allows you to walk and stand longer without strain. 
For the name of your nearest Air Step dealer, write Air Step WARD 
DivisIOn, Brown Shoe Company of Canada, Ltd., Perth, $15.99 
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THE SHOE WITH THE MAGIC SOLE 'Prices quoted are Suggested Retail Prices. 
Air Step Division, Brown Shoe Company of Canada Ltd., Perth, Ontario 
58 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


MEDIC 
$15.99* 


Public Health Nurse. This film was prepar- 
ed for television audiences and centers 
around the South Okanagan Health Unit in 
Kelowna, B.C. It shows some of tl}e special 
services offered in the health department. 
It also illustrates some of the facilities 
for consultation and service from the staff 
of the provincial mental health services. 
The film can be obtained from the Cana- 
dian Film Institute, 1762 Carling Ave., 
Ottawa 13, or from your provincial film 
library. The black and white film was 
produced in : 963 and runs for 12 minutes. 


accession list 


Publications in this list of material 
received recently in the CNA library are 
shown in language of source. The majority 
(reference material and theses, indicated 
by R excepted) may be borrowed by CNA 
members, and by libraries of hospitals and 
schools of nursing and other institutions. 
Requests for loans should be made on the 
"Request Form for Accession List" {page 
60) and should be addressed to: The 
Library, Canadian Nurses' Association, 
50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario. 


BOOKS AND DOCUMENTS 
I. Australasian hospital directory and 
nurses' year book 1966. Compiled and an- 
notated by A.L. Hart. Sydney, N.S.W., 
New South Wales Nurses' Assoc., 1966. 
185p. R 
2. Canadian annual review, 1965. Edit- 
ed by John Saywell. Toronto, University 
of Toronto Press, 1966. 569p. R 
3. Child psychiatry. Ottawa, Canadian 
Psychiatric Association Journal, vol. 10, 
no. 5, October 1965. p. 423-443. 
4. Comparisons of intensive nursing 
service in a circular and a rectangular unit; 
Rochester Methodist Hospital, Rochester 
Minn., by Madelyne Sturdavant. Chicago. 
American Hospital Association, 1960. 
219p. 
5. Examinations and their place ill med- 
ical education and educational research. 
Edited by John P. Hubbard. Evanston Ill., 
Association of American Medical Colleges, 
c1966. 69p. (Journal of Medical Education. 
vol. 41, no. 7, pt. 2, July 1966.) 
6. Factors influencing continuity of 
nursing service by Louise C. Smith. Study 
sponsored by National League for Nursing; 
directed by Institute of Research and Ser- 
vice in Nursing Education, Teachers Col- 
lege, Columbia University. New York, 
NLN, 1962. 139p. 
7. Handbook for the night super- 
visor in the small hospital by Sister M. 
Virginia Clare. St. Louis. Catholic Hospital 
Association, 1963. lOOp. 
8. Higher education ill a changing 
Canada; symposium presented by Royal 
MARCH 1967 



accession list 


Society of Canada in 1965. Edited by J.E. 
Hodgetts. Toronto, Published for the 
Society by University of Toronto Press, 
1966. 90p. 
9. Horizons unlimited; a handbook des- 
cribing rewarding career opportunities in 
medicine and allied fields. Chicago, Amer- 
ican Medical Association, c1966. l30p. 
10. How to find ollt; a guide to sources 
of information for all arranged by the 
Dewey Decimal Classification. Edited by 
G. Chandler. 2d ed. London, Pergamon, 
c1963. 198p. 
I I. Manual of hospital planning pro- 
cedures. Chicago, American Hospital As- 
sociation, 1966, cl958. 72p. 
12. The nursing clinics of North Amer- 
ica, v. I, no. 4. December, 1966. Philadel- 
phia, Saunders. 209p. Contents: Sympo- 
sium on the nurse and the new machinery. 
Ruby M. Harris, guest editor. Symposium 
on mental retardation, Kathryn Barnard, 
guest editor. 
13. Occasional paper ':0. 64, Ottawa, 
Canadian Library Association, 1966. 2 pts. 
pt. I. Canadian books, pamphlets and do- 
cuments on gerontology in the Library of 
Parliament. pt. 2. Articles on aging indexed 
in Canadian periodical index 1947-1965, 
excerpted by Joan O'Rourke. 
14. The operation of state hospital 
planning and licensing programs by G. Hil- 
ary Fry. Chicago, American Hospital As- 
sociation, c1965. l34p. 
15. Personal and vocational relation- 
ships of the practical nurse by Marion 
Keith Stevens. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1967. 
258p. 
16. Pharmacology for practical nurses 
2d. ed. by Mary Kaye Asperheim. Philadel- 
phia, Saunders, 1967. 163p. 
17. The Planning of change; readings 
in the applied behavioral sciences edited 
by Warren G. Bennis and Kenneth D. 
Benne and Robert Chin. New York, Holt, 
Rinehart and Winston, 1964, c1961. 289p. 
18. Psychology of human behavior for 
nurses, 3d ed. Lorraine Bradt Dennis. Phi- 
ladelphia, Saunders, 1967. 289p. 
19. Psychology of human behavior for 
nurses, 3d ed. Instructors' guide, by Lor- 
raine Bradt Dennis. Philadelphia, Saunders, 
1967. HOp. 
20. The sister as a clinical specialist by 
Sister Léon Douville and Sister Marilyn 
Emminger. St. Louis, Conference of Catho- 
lic Schools of Nursing, 1966. 126p. 
21. Skills that build executive success. 
Boston, Graduate School of Business Ad- 
ministration Harvard University, 1964. 
121p. (Selections from Harvard Business 
Review.) 
22. A sociological framework for patient 
care. Edited by Jeannette R. Folta and Edith 


MARCH 1967 


S. Deck New York, Wiley, c1966. 418p. 
23. A study of arbitration decisions by 
Carl Hamilton. Toronto, United Steel- 
workers of America, 1966. 84p. 
24. Your health and you by H.P. 
Simonson and E.A. Hastie and H.A. 
Dorothy. Toronto, Macmillan, c1966. 
153p. 


PAMPHLETS 
25. A brief to Committee on the Heal- 
ing Arts. Toronto, Registered Nurses' As- 
sociation of Ontario. 1966. 27p. 
26. Enrolment in Canadian universities 


anå colleges to 1976/77; 1966 projection, 
by Edward F. Sheffield. Ottawa, Associa- 
tion of Universities and Colleges, 1966. 
20p. 
27. An index of care by J.A.K. Mac- 
Donell and G.B. Murr!!y, Ottawa, Medical 
Services J. 31 :499-517, Sep. 1965. Reprint. 
28. Job descriptions. St. John's, Asso- 
ciation of Registered Nurses of Newfound- 
land, 1966. 16p. 


29. Joint statement on non-nursing acti- 
,'ities carried out by nursing personnel in 
some hospitals. Vancouver, British Colum- 
bia Hospitals' Association and Registered 


DANDRUFF 
WARD 


DANDRUFF 
WARD 



 


You won't see this in your hospital 


We're not trying to fool you. 
We're making a point' 
That dandruff is a serious medical 
problem and the only truly effective 
treatment is the medical one - Selsun 
by Abbott. 
Selsun clears up annoying, unsight- 
ly dandruff in two or three treatments. 
(thoroughly effective in 92% to 95% 
cases reported l ). 
You use it like any shampoo. Works 
fast. Comes in a handy unbreakable 
bottle. Leaves your hair glistening. 


Really, there's no room for dandruff 
in your professional or social life. Use 
Selsun and get to the root of the 
problem. 
Precautions: Occasional sensitization 
of the neck and external ear may 
occur. Falling hair which may accom- 
pany scalp treatment is usually due to 
an impoverished or diseased condition 
of the hair and scalp. 
1 Slinger, W. N., and Hubbard, D. M., Treat- 
ment of Seborrheic Dermal,tis with a Shampoo 
Containing Selenium Disulfide, Arch. Dermal. 
& Syph.. 64:41, 1951. 


EJ 


Selsun* 


.Trademark registered 


(Selenium Sulfide Detergent Suspension, U.S.P.) 
ABBOTT LABORATORIES LIMITED Halifax. Montreal. Toronto. Winnipeg' Vancouver 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 59 



accession list 


Nurses' Association of Britis!l. Columbia 
Joint Committee, 1966. 6p. 
30. A list of schools of nursing in 
Olltario and minimum education require- 
ments for entrance. Toronto, Ontario Hos- 
pital Association, 1966. 30p. 
31. Problem areas in the scientific, 
engineering and nursing professions by 
Garnet T. Page. Montreal 1963. 9p. 
32. Sun'ey of salaries and employment 
conditions in non federal psychiatric hos- 
pitals. June 1, 1965. New York, American 
Nurses' Association. Research and Statistics 
Unit, 1966. 31p. 
33. Tentative draft for 1966-67 of the 
policies and procedures of accreditation of 
the Dept. of Baccalaureate and Higher 
Degree Programs of the National League 
for Nur
im!. rev. New York. National 
League for Nursing. Dept. of Baccalaureate 
and Higher Degree Programs, 1966. 20p. 
34. Théorie et pratique du case work 
par Gordon Hamilton. Paris, Comité fran- 
çais de service social et d'action sociale, 
1965. 294p. 
35. To make a good assignment by 
Laura Jean Otto New York, National 
League for Nursing. Dept. of Hospital 
Nursing, 1963. 21p. 


GOVERNMENT DoCUMENTS 
Canada 
36. Bureau fédéral de la statlstlque. 
Annuaire du Canada; ressources, histoire, 
institutions et situation économique et so- 
ciale du Canada. Ottawa, Imprimeur de la 
Reine, 1966. 1302p. 
37. Dept. of Labour. Legislation 
Branch. Developments in the enactment 
and administration of labour laws in Cana- 
da; August, 1 965-September, 1966. Ottawa, 
1966. 67p. 
38. Dept. of National Health and Wel- 
fare. Emergency Health Services. Emer- 
gency hospital operating manual 1966. Ot- 
tawa, Queen's Printer, 1966. 102p. 
39. Ministère de la Santé Nationale et 
du Bien-être Social. Services de Santé 
d'Urgence. La section du nursing. Biblio- 
graphie se rapportant au nursing d'urgence. 
Ottawa, 1965. 30p. 
40. Ministère de la Santé Nationale et 
dll Bien-être Social. Services de Santé d'Ur- 
gence. Soins médicaux en cas de désastre; 
collection d'artic1es. Ottawa, 1965. 135p. 


Nova Scotia 
41. Dept. of Labour. Economics and 
Research Division. Wage rates and hours 
of labour in Nova Scotia. Halifax, 1966. 
226p. 


United States 
42. Dept. of Health, Education and 


Welfare. Public Health Service. Admini- 
strative aspects of hospital central medical 
and surgical supply sen'ices. Washington, 
1966. 37p. 
43. -. A manual for hospital cen- 
tral medical and surgical supply services. 
Washington, 1966. 106p. 
44. Dept. of Labour. Bureau of Labour 
Statistics. Major collective bargaining agree- 
ments; arbitration procedures. Washington, 
U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1966. 167p. 
45. -. Major collective bargaining 
agreements; management rights and union- 
management co-operation. Washington, 
U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1966. 69p. 
46. National Center for Health Statistics. 
Report of the United States delegation to 
the 1nternational Conference for the Eighth 
Revision of the International Classification 
of Diseases. Geneva, July 6-12, 1965. 
Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off, 1966. 


STUDIES DEPOSITED IN CNA REPOSITORY 
COLLECfION 
47. Senior nursing students career plans 
and their knowledge of and preparation for 
selected positions in nursing by Sister Loret- 
ta Morin. Washington, 1966. Thesis 
(M.Sc.N.) Catholic University of Amer- 
ica. 62p. R 
48. Survey of schools of nursing in the 
province of Nova Scotia compiled by Sister 
Clare Marie. Halifax, Registered Nurses' 
Association of Nova Scotia, 1966. 2Op. R 


Request Form for "Accession List" 
CANADIAN NURSES' ASSOCIATION LIBRARY 


Send to: 
LIBRARIAN, Canadian Nurses' Association, 50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario. 
Please lend me the following publications, listed in the . .... _. .. __ .... ..._ 
Canadian Nurse, or add my name to the waiting list to receive them when available: 


Item 
No. 


Author 


issue of The 


Short title (for identification) 


Requests for loans will be filled in order of receipt. 
Reference and restricted material must be used in the CNA library. 
Borrower 
Position 
Address 
Date requested .. 


60 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


MARCH 1967 



classified advertisements 


ALBERTA 


NIGHT SUPERVISOR, R.N. AND MEDICAL HEAD 
NURSE for 9O-bed active treatment hospital in the 
City of Wetoskiwin, situated midway between Ed- 
monton and Red Deer. Residence accommodation 
available, excellent salary ranges and fringe benefits 
in effect, as well as payment for prior experienc:e. 
Apply to: Director of Nursing, Municipal Hospitol, 
Wetaskiwin, Alberto. 1-96-1 
Registered Nurs.. (5) required (summer relief or per- 
manent posts) for May 1967. The Peace River Municipal 
Hospital, Alberto, was built 5 years ago and has a 
complement of 70 beds. Starting salary for J 966 
$370. New salary scoles expected for 1967. Peace 
River is a progressive town and a beauty spot on the 
Prairies. Apply to: The Director of Nursing for fuller 
particulars. Peace River Municipal Hospital, Peace 
River, Alberto. 1.69-1 
REGISTERED NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY (WANTED) 
for a 37-bed Generol Hospital. Solory $380. $440 
per month. Commencing with $375 with 1 year and 
$390 with 3 years practical experience elsewhere. 
Full maintenance available at $35 per month. Pen- 
sion plan available, train fare from any point in 
Canada will be refunded after I year employment. 
Hospital located in a town of 1,100 population, 85 
miles from Capitol City on a paved highway. 
Apply to: Two Hills Municipal Hospital, Two Hills, 
Alberto. 1.88.1 
NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active 30-bed hospital, 
recently constructed building. Town on main line of 
the C.P.R. and on Number 1 highway, midway 
between the cities of Calgary and Medicine Hot. 
Nurses on stoff must be willing and able to toke reo 
sponsibility in all departments of nursing, with the 
exceptions of the Operating Room. Recently renovated 
nurses' residence with all lingle rooms situated On 
hospital grounds. Apply to: Mrs. M. Hislop, Adminis- 
trator and Director of Nursing, Bassano General Hos- 
pital, Bossano, Alberto. 1.5.1 


ADVERTISING 
RATES 


FOR ALL 
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISINC 


$10.00 for 6 Ii nes or less 
$2.00 for each additional line 


Rates for display 
advertisements on request 


Closing date for copy and cancellation is 
6 weeks prior to 1st day of publication 
month. 
The Canadian Nurses' Association has 
not yet reviewed the personnel policies 
of the hospitals and agencies advertising 
in the Journal. For authentic information, 
prospective applicants should apply to 
the Registered Nurses' Association of the 
Province in which they are interested 
in working. 


Address correspondence to: 


The 
Canadian 
Nurse 


D _ 

 


50 THE DRIVEWAY 
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO. 


MARCH 1967 


I I 


ALBERTA 


General Duty Nur.e. for active, accredited, well- 
equipped 64-bed hospital in growing town, population 
3,500. Salaries range from $380-$440 COmmensurate 
with experience, other benefits. Nurses residence. 
Excellent personnel policies and working conditions. 
New modern wing opened this year. Good COmmu- 
nications to large nearby cities. Apply Director of 
Nursing, Brooks General Hospital, Brooks, Alberto. 
1-13-18 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES for modern 25-bed hos- 
pital on Highway No. 12, East-Central Alberto. 
Salary range $380 to $440. (including a regional 
differential). New staff residence. Full maintenance 
$35. Personnel policies as per AARN. Apply to the: 
Director of Nursing, Coronotion Municipal Hospital, 
Coronation, Alberto. Tel.: 578-3803. 1-25-18 
GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 64-bed, active treatment 
hospital, 35 miles South of Calgary. Salary range 
$360 - $420. living accommodation avoiloble in 
separate residence if desired. Full maintenance in 
residence $35 per month. 30 days paid vocation after 
12 months employment. Please appl y to: The Director 
of Nursing, High River Municipa Hospital, High 
River, Alberto. 1.46.1 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Madern 26-bed hospital 
close to Edmonton. 3 buses doily. Salary $360.00 to 
$420.00 per month commensurate with experience. 
Residence available $35.00 per month. Excellent 
personnel policies. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Mayerthorpe Municipal Hospital, Mayerthorpe, Al- 
berto. 1-61.1 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 94-bed General Hospitol 
located in Alberto's unique Dinosaur Badlands. $360 
- $420 per month, 40 hour week, 31 days vocation, 
pension, Blue Cross, M.S.1. and generous sick time. 
Apply to: Miss M. Howkes, Director of Nursing, Drum- 
heller General Hospital, Drumheller, Alberto. 1-31-2 A 


BRITISH COLUMBIA 


Operating Room Head Nune ($464 - $552), General 
Duty Nurses (B.C. Registered $405 - $481, non-Regis- 
tered $390) for fully accredited 113-bed hospital in 
N.W. B.C. Excellent fishing, skiing, skating, c"rling 
and bowling. Hot springs swimming nearby. Nurses' 
residence, rOOm $20 per month. Cafeteria meals. 
Apply: Director of Nursing, Kitimat General Hospital, 
Kitimat, British Columbia. 2-36.1 
Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, B.C., invites B.C. 
Registered Nurses (or those eligible) to apply for 
positions in Medicine Surgery and Psychiatry. Apply 
to: Director of Nursing. Victoria, British Columbia. 
2-76-4A 


A Medical-Surgical Nursing Instructor, with University 
preparation, for a 450-bed hospital with a school of 
nursing, 150 students. Apply: Sister Mary Ronalda, 
M.N., Director, School of Nursing, St. Joseph's Hos- 
pital, Victoria, B.C. 2-76-5B 
PSYCHIATRIC CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR required by 
ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL, KAMLOOPS, British Col- 
umbia. For further information write to: Director of 
Nursing Education, Royal I nland Hospital, Kam- 
loops, B.C. 2-81-2 


REGISTERED, GRADUATE NURSES AND PRACTICAL 
NURSES for modern 70-bed accredited hospital On 
Vancouver Island, B. C. Resort area - home of the 
tyee salmon - four hours travelling time to City of 
Vancouver. RNABC policies and Union Contract in 
effect. Residence accommodation available. Direct 
enquiries to: Director of Nursing, Campbell River and 
District General Hospital, Campbell River, British 
Columbia. 2-9-1 A 


Graduate Nur.H of Christian conviction: (Urgently 
wanted). Willing to serve for one year or more in 
Mission Hospitals in the outlaying areas of Canado. 
Immediate need at Queen Charlotte Islands, Bello 
Bello, Hazelton and Burns Lake in British Columbia 
and at Boie Verte, in Newfoundland. Salary and 
working conditions as agreed between Reg. Nurses' 
Association and Hospital Association of Province con- 
cerned. Please contact: Board of Home Missions of 
The United Church of Canada, 85 St. Clair Ave., E., 
Toronto 7, Ontario, or Dr. W.D. Watt, 6762 Cypress 
Street, Vancouver 14, B.C. 2-73-25 


GRADUATE NURSES for 24-bed hospital, 35-mi. from 
Vancouver, on coast, lalary and personnel prac. 
tices in accord with RNABC. Accommodation availa- 
ble. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital, 
Squamish, British Columbia. 2-68-1 


I I 


BRITISH COLUMBIA 


B.C. R.N. for General Duty in 32 bed General Hospi. 
tal. RNABC 1967 salary rate $390 - $466 and fringe 
benefit., modern, comfortable, nurses' residence in 
ottroctive community clole to Vancouver, B.C. For 
application form write: Director of Nursing, Fraser 
Canyon Hospital, R.R. I, Hope, B.C. 2.30-1 
GENERAL DUTY NURSES (Two) for active 66-bed 
hospital, with new hospital to open in 1968. 
Active in-service programme. Salary range $372 to 
$444 per month. Personnel pol icies according to 
current RNABC contract. Hospital situated in beauti- 
ful Eost Kootenoys of British Columbia, with swim- 
ming, golfing and skiing facilities readily available. 
Apply to: The Director of Nursing, St. Eugene Hos- 
pital, Cranbrook, British Columbia. 2-15-1 
General Duty NurSH for active 30.bed hospital. 
RNABC pol icies and schedules in effect, also North- 
ern allowance. Accommodations available in res. 
idence. Apply: Director of Nursing, General HOlpital, 
Fort Nelson, British Columbia. 2.23.1 
General Duty Nurses for new 30-bed hospital 
located in excellent recreational area. Salary and 
personnel policies in accordance with RNABC. Com- 
fortable Nurses' home. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Boundary Hospital, Grand Forks, British Columbia. 
2.27-2 


General Duty -Nurle. (2 immediately) for active, 
26-bed hospital in the heart of the Rocky Mountains, 
90 miles from Bonff and Lake Louise. Accommoda- 
tion available in attractive nurses' residence. Apply 
giving full details of training, experience, etc. to; 
Administrator, Windermere District Hospital, Inver- 
mere, British Columbia. 2.31-t 
General Duty Nunes for new 37-bed hospital. 
Located in Southwest British Columbia. Salary and 
personnel pol icies in accordance with RNABC. $390 
to $466. Accommodation available in residence. Apply 
to: Director of Nursing, Nicolo Volley General Hos- 
pital, Box 129, Merritt, British Columbia. 2-41-t 


General Duty Nurses for well-equipped 80-bed Gener- 
al Hospital in beautiful inland Volley adjacent Lake 
I{athlyn and Hudson Boy Glacier. Initial salary $387. 
Maintenance $60, 40-hour 5 day week, vacation with 
pay, comfortable, attractive nurses' residence, 
Boating, fishing, .wimming, golfing, curling, skating, 
skiing. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Bulkley Volley 
District Hospital, P.O. Box No. 370. Smithers, British 
Columbia. 2-67-1 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES - Salary - non - B.C. 
registered $375 per month - B.C. registered $390- 
$466, depending On experience. RNABC policies in 
effect. Nurses' residence avai'able. Group Medicol 
Health Plan. All winter and summer sports. Apply: 
Director of Nursing, Cariboo Memorial Hospital, Wil- 
I iams Lake, British Columbia. 2-80-1 A 
General Duty O. R. and experienced Obstetrical 
Nunes for modern, 150-bed hospital located in the 
beautiful Fraser Valley. Personnel policies in ac- 
cordance with RNABC. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Chilliwack General Hospitol, Chilliwack, British Co- 
lumbia. 2-13-1 


General Duty and Operating Room Nurses for 70.bed 
Acute General Hospital on Pacific Coast. B.C. Regis- 
tered $390 - $466 per month (Credit for experience). 
NOn B.C. Registered $375 - Practical Nurses B.C. Li- 
censed $273 - $311 per month. Non Registered $253. 
$286 per month. Boord $20 per month, room $5.00 per 
month. 20 paid holidays per year and to statutory 
holidays after 1 year. Fare paid from Vancouver. 
Superannuation and medical plans. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, St. George's Hospital, Alert Boy, British 
Columbia. 2-2.t A 


Genera. Duty, Operating Room and Experienced 
Obstetrical Nunes for 434-bed hospital with schoo' 
of nursing. Salary: $372-$444. Credit for post ex. 
perienc8 and postgraduate troining. 40-hr. wk. Stat 
utory hol idays. Annual increments; cumulative sick 
leave; pension plan. 28-daYI annual vacation; B.C. 
registration required. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, British 
Columbia. 2-73./3 
GENERAL DUTY NURSES - for t09.bed hospital in 
expanding Northwestern British Columbia City. Salary 
$405 to $481 for B.C. Registered Nurses with recogni- 
tion for experience. RNABC contract in effect. Gradu- 
ate Nurses not registered in B.C. paid $390. Benefits 
include comprehensive medical and pension plans. 
Travel allowance up to $60 refunded after One 
year's service. Comfortable modern residence accom- 
modation at $ J 5 per month, meals at cost. Apply to, 
Director of Nursing, Prince Rupert General Hospital, 
551.5th Avenue East, Prince Rupert, B.C. 2-58-2A 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 61 



BRITISH COLUMBIA 


General Duty ønd Operating Room Nurses for 
modern 450-bed hospitol with School of Nursing. 
RNABC policies in effect. Credit for past experience 
and postgraduate training. British Columbia registra.: 
tion required. For particulars write to: the Director of 
Nursing Service, St. Joseph's Hospital, Victoria, British 
Columbio. 2.76-5 


Graduate Nurse required for 26-bed hospital in sunny 
B.C. interior, solory $410 per month with 28 doys 
annual vacation plus 10 paid stats. Full room and 
board in TV equipped residence $50 per month with 
free uniform loundry. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Princeton General Hospital, Princeton, B.C. 2-59-1 


GRADUATE NURSES: Join uS at the booming center 
of B.C.I! Surrounded by 50 beautiful lakes with 
excellent boating, swimming, fishing plus all winter 
sports. On hour's drive from Prince George, the 
fastest growing city in Canada. Active 44-bed hos- 
pital and modern nurses' residence over looking the 
picturesque Nechako River. Starting salary $372 - $408, 
recognition given for experience. Health and pension 
plan, 40-hr. week and 4 weeks \lacotion. Write to: 
Mrs. M. Grant, Director of Nursing, St. John Hospital, 
Vanderhoof, British Columbia. 2-74-1 


Graduat. Nun.. for G.n.ral Duty in modern 188- 
bed hospital in city (20,000) on Vancouver Island. 
Personnel policies in accordance with RNABC poli- 
cies. Starting salary for R.N. $372. per month. Apply 
to: Director of Nursing, Regional General Hospital, 
Nanaimo, British Columbia. 2-46-1 


MANITOBA 


Dir.ctor of Nun.. for up-to-date 38-bed hospital. 
New nurses' residence of 1964 has separate nursel 
suite available. Sick leave, pension plan and other 
fringe benefits available. Personnel policies will be 
lent on request. Enquiries should include experience. 
quaHfkations and salary expected, and should be 
addressed to: Mr. O. Hamm, Administrator, Alfona 
Ho.pital District No. 24, Box 660, Altona, Manitoba. 
3-1-1 


Register.d Nurse: Required for 50-bed general hospital 
in fort Churchill, Manitoba. Starting salary $500 per 
month. Return fare from Winnipeg refunded after one 
year.s service. For particulars write to: Director of 
Nursing, General Hospital, fort Churchill, Manifoba. 
3-75-1 


R.gi.t.r.d Nur..' for I B-bed hospital at Vita Manitoba, 
70 miles from Winnipeg. Daily bus service. Salary 
rang. $380 - $440, with allowanc. for experi.nc.. 
40 hour week, 10 statutory holidays, 4 weeks paid 
vacation after one year. Full maintenance available 
for $50 per month. Apply: Matron, Vita District 
Hospital, Vita, Manitoba. 3-66-1 


Registered Nurses and Licensed Practical Nurses for 
232-bed Children's Hospital, with school of nursing; 
active teaching center. Positions available on all 
services. Apply: Director of Nursing, Children's Hos- 
pital, Winnipeg 3, Manitoba. 3-72-1 


Regist.r.d Nurs. for G.neral Duty in 20-bed hospital. 
Solary range $405 - $490 per month. Living accom- 
modations available. Generous personnel pol icies. 
Apply: Director of Nurs
ng, Reston Community Hos- 
pital. Reston, Man. 3-46-2 


G.n.ral Duty Nurse. for 100-bed active treatment hos- 
pital. fully accredited. 50 miles from Winnipeg on 
Trans Canada Highway. Apply: Director of Nursing 
Service. Portage District General Hospital. Portage La 
Prairie, Manitoba. 3-45-1 


NOVA SCOTIA 


Director for School of Nur.ing: 50 students. Excellent 
working conditions. Apply to: M. Jean Hemsworth, 
Administrator, Glace Bay General Hospital, Glace 
Bay, Nova Scotia. 6-15.1 


R.gi.ter.d and Groduat. Nur... for G.n.ral Duty. 
New hospital with all modern conveniences, also. 
new nurses' residence available. South Shore Com. 
munity. Apply to: Superintendant. Queens General 
Hospital, Liv.rpool, Nova 5cotia. 6-20-1 


R.gi.t.r.d Nur... for 21-bed hospital In pleasant 
community - Eastern Shore of Nova Scotia. Apply: 
Superintendent, Eastern Shore Memorial Hospital, 
Sheet Harbour, Nova Scotia. 6-32-1 


62 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


I I 


ONTARIO 


Co..ordinator of Clinic.al Nursing Studies in the 
Bachelor of Scienc:e in Nursing Course: The School 
of Nursing, McMaster University. invites applications 
from persons with advanced qualifications in clinical 
nursing. The position is open for the 1967- J 968 
session. with duties commencing July 1967. Please 
apply sending curriculum vitae and two references 
to: Director, School of Nursing, McMaster University, 
Hamilton, Ontario. 7-55-15 


REGISTERED NURSES (IMMEDIATELY) for a new 40- 
bed hospital. Nurses' residence - private rooms with 
bath - $20 per month. Minimum salary $415 plus 
experience allowance, 4 semi-annual increments. 
Reply to: The Director of Nursing, Geraldton District 
Hospital, Geraldton, Ontario. 7.50-1 A 


Algonquin Park cømp for girl.: R.quires R.gi.ter.d 
Nur.... July and/or August. Single, under 50. Apply: 
Camp Tanamakoon, 24 Wilberton Road, Toronto 7, 
Ontario. HU. 1-3704. 7-133-72 


Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 
are invited to make appl ication to our 75-bed. 
modern General Hospital. You will be in the Vaca- 
tionland of the North, midway between the Lakehead 
and Winnipeg, Manitoba. Bosic wage for Registered 
Nurses is $408 and for Registered Nursing Assistants 
is $285 with yearly increments and consideration for 
experience. Write or phone: The Director of Nursing. 
Dryden District General Hospital, DRYDEN, Ontario. 
7-26.1 A 


Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistant. 
for 83-bed General Hospital in french speaking cOm- 
munity of Northern Ontario. R.N.'s salary: $420 to 
$465/m., 4 weeks vacation, 1 B sick leave days and 
R.N.A.'s salary: $300 to $340/m., 2 weeks vacation 
and 12 sick leav. days. Unused sick leave are paid 
at 100 0/0. Rooming accommodations available in 
Town and meals served at the Hospitol. Excellent 
personnel policies. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Notre-Dame Hospital, Hearst, Ontario. 7.58-1 


Regiltered Nurses and Registered Nursing Allistants. 
Starting Salary for R.N. is $415 and for R.N.A. i. $300. 
Allowance for experience. Exc.llent fringe benefits. 
Write: Mrs G. Gordon, Superintendent, Nipigon Dis- 
trict Memorial Hospital, Box 37, Nipigon, Ontario. 
7-87-1 


Registered Nurse. and Registered Nuning Aisistønts 
for 160-bed accredited hospital. Starting salary $415 
and $285 respectively with regular annual incre- 
ments for both. Excellent personn.1 policies. Resid- 
ence accommodation available. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Kirkland & District Hospital, Kirkland Lake, 
Ontario. 7-67.1 


Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Alsistants 
for 123-bed accredited hospital. Starting salary $400 
and $255 respectively with regular increments for 
both. Usual fringe benefits. for full information, 
apply to: Director of Nursing, Dufferin Area Hos- 
pital, Orongeville, Ontario. Phon. 941-2410. 7-90-1 


Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants: 
Applications are invited from R. N's and R. N. Ass'ts. 
who are interested in returning to "nursing at the 
bedside" in a well-equipped General Hospital. Excel- 
lent starting salaries and fringe benefits now. Further 
increase January 1. 1967. Residence accommodation if 
desired. For full particulars write to: Director of 
Nursing, Sioux Lookout General Hospital, P. O. Box 
909, Sioux Lookout, Ontario. 7-119-1 A 


Regi.t.red Nun.. for 34-bed hospital, min. salary 
$387 with regular annual increments to maximum 
of $462. 3-wk. vacation with pay; sick leave after 
6-mo. servic.. All Staff - 5 day 40-hr. wk.. 9 
statutary holidays, pension plan and other b.nefits. 
Apply to: Superint.ndent, Englehart & District Hos- 
pital, Engl.hart, Ontario. 7-40.1 


Registered Nurse.. Applications and enqulfles are 
invited for general duty positions on the staff of th. 
Manitouwadge General Hospital. Exc.lI.nt salary 
and fringe benefits. Liberal policies regarding ac- 
commodation and vacation. Modern well-equipped 
33-bed ho
pital in new mining town, about 250.mi. 
east of Port Arthur and north-west of White River, 
Ontario Pop. 3.500. Nurses' residence comprises indi- 
vidual self-contained apts. Apply, stating qual ifica- 
tions., experience, age. marital status, phone number. 
etc. to the Administrator. General Hospital, Mani- 
touwadge, Ontario. phone 826-3251 7-74-1 A 


Registered Nurses: Applications are invited for Gener- 
al Duty Staff Nurses; Gross salary range: $362 to 
$422. Supervisory advancement opportunities. Resident 
accommodations available; Hospital situated in tourist 
town off Lake Huron. For further information write: 
Superintendent, Sougeen Memoríal Hospital, South- 
ampton, Ontario. 7-122-1 


I I 


I I 


ONTARIO 


PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES: B.C. Civil Service. Salary: 
$476-$580 per monfh, car provided. Interesting and 
challenging professional service with opportunities for 
transfer throughout beaufiful B.C. Apply to: B.C. 
Civil Service Commission, 544 Michigan Streer, 
VICTORIA, B.C. 
COMPETITION No. 67:57. 2-76-7 


R.gi.ter.d Nur... for 18-bed (exponding to 36 bed) 
General Hospital in Mining and Resort town of 5,000 
people. Beautifully located On Wawa Lake, 140 miles 
north of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Wide variety of 
Summer and winter sports including swimming , boat- 
ing. fishing, golfing, skating, curling and bowling. 
Six churches of different faiths. Salaries comparable 
with all northern hospitals. Limited bed and board 
available at reasonable rate. Excellent personnel 
policies, pleasant working conditions. Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, The Lady Dunn General Hospital, 
Box 179, Wawa, Ontario. 7-140-1 B 


Registered Nur
es and Registered Nursing ASlistantl, 
for 100-bed General Hospital, situat.d in northern 
Ontario. Starting salary, Registered Nurses $390 per 
month. Register.d Nursing Assistants $273 per month, 
shift differential, annual increment, 40 hour week. 
O. H. A. pension plan and group life insurance. 
O. H. S. C. and P. S. I. plans in effect. Accommodo. 
tion available in residence if desired. For full par- 
ticulars apply: The Director of Nurses, Lady MintO 
Hospital, Cochrc.ne, Ontario. 7.30.1 A 


Regiltered or Graduate Nursel, required for modern 
92.bed hospital. Residence accommodation $20 month- 
ly. Overseas nurses welcome. Lovely old Scottish 
Town near Ottawa. Apply: Director of Nursing, The 
Great War Memorial Hospital, Perth, Ontario. 7-100-2 


R.gi.t.r.d Nun.. for G.n.ral Duty in well-equipped 
28-bed hospital, located in growing gold mining 
and tourist area, north of Kenora, Ontario. Modern 
residence with individual rooms; room, board and 
uniform laundry only $50/m, 4O-hr. wk., no split shift, 
cumulaTive sick time, 8 statutory holidays and 28 
day paid vacation after one year. Starting salary 
$430. Apply to: Matron, Margaret Cochenour Memo- 
rial Hospital, Cochenour, Ontario. 7-29
 1 


Registered Nurses for General Duty and Operating 
Room, in modern lOO-bed hospital, situated 40 miles 
from Ottawa. Excellent personnel policies. Residence 
accommodation available. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Smiths falls Public Hospital, 5miths falls, 
Ontario. 7-120-2A 


R.gi.t.r.d Nu.... for G.n.ral Duty in 100-bed hos- 
pital, located 30-mÎ. from Ottawo, are urgently re- 
quired. Good personnel policies, accommodation 
available in new staff residence. Apply: Director of 
Nursing. District Memorial Hospital, Winchester. On- 
lario. 7-144-1 


Registered Nurses for General Duty and Operating 
Room in modern hospital (opened In 1956). Situated 
in th. Nickel Capital of th. world, pop. 80,000 
people. Salary $372 p.r mo., with annual merit 
increments, plus annual bonus plan, 40-hr. wk. Recog- 
nition for experience. Good personnel policies. Assist- 
ance with transportation can be arranged. Apply: 
Director of Nursing, Memorial Hospital. Sudbury. 
Ontario. 7.127.4 


G.n.ral Duty Nur... for 66-bed General Hospitol. 
Starting salary: $405/m. Excellent personnel policies. 
Pension plan, life insurance, etc., residence accom. 
modation. Only to min. from downtown Buffalo. 
Apply: Director of Nursing, Dougla. Memorial Ho.- 
pital, fort Erie, Ontario. 7.45-t 


G.n.ral Duty Nur.es for active General 77.bed Ho.- 
pital in heart of Muskoka Lakes area: salary range 
$400 - $460 with consideration for previous experience; 
excellent personnel policies and fringe benefits:nurses. 
residence available. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Huntsville District Memorial Hospital, Huntsville, On- 
tario. 7-59.1 


General Staff Nurles and Regiltered Nurling Allis.. 
tantl are required for a modern. well-equipped Generol 
Hospital currently expanding to 167 beds. Situated in 
a progressive community in South Western Ontario, 30 
miles from Windsor-Detroit Border. Salary scaled to 
experience and qualifications. Excellent employee 
benefits and working conditions plus an opportunity 
to work in a Patient Centered Nursing Service. Write 
for further information to: Miss Patricia McGee. B. 
Sc.N., Reg.N. Director of Nursing. Leamington District 
Memorial Hospital, Leamington, Ontario. 7-69-1 A 


OPERATING ROOM NURSES (2) for a fully ac- 
credited 70-bed General Hospital. for Operating 
Room Duty. Salary according to experience. Apply to: 
O.R. Supervisor, Penetanguishene General Hospital, 
Pen.tanguishen., Ontario. 7.99.2 


MARCH 1967 



ONTARIO 


General Duty Nur.e. for lOO-bed modern ho.pital. 
Southwestern Ontorio, 32 mi. from London. Salary 

ommensurate with experience and ability; S398/m 
basic salary. Pension plan. Apply giving full par- 
tlculors to: The Director of Nurses, District Memorial 
Ho.pital, Till.onburg, Ontario. 7-131-1 


General Duty Nurses, Certified Nursing Assistan'. & 
Operating Raam Technician (1) for new 50-bed ho.. 
pital with modern equipment, 4!O.hr. wk., 8 statutory 
holidays, excellent personnel policies & opportunity 
for advancement. Tourist ,own on Georgian Bay. 
Good bus connections to Toronto. Apply to: Director 
of Nurses, General Hospital, Meaford, Ontario. 7-79-t 


GRADUATE NURSES (2) - Girl's private camp; 175 
compers, 6-16. Located at Sundridge, Ontario, 175 
miles north of Toronto. Camp dates June 30 to 
August 24. Salary not less than $400 for camp 
seoson. Some help with transportation if coming from 
o distance. Write: Mrs. John W. Gilchrist, 6.A Wynch. 
wood Pork. Toronto 4, Ontario. 7-133-75 


Graduate Nur.e. for .taff pa.itian. including O. R. 
required for 8J.bed hospitol. Residence accommoda- 
tion available. Pleasant Lakeside town within 04S mile. 
of Stratford and 60 miles of London. Apply: Director 
of Nursing, Alexandra Marine and General Hospital, 
Goderich. Ontario. 7-51-1 


Public Health Nurse. (Bilingual) for rural health unit. 
Minimum salary: $5,200 with annual increments. Al- 
lowance for experience. Car allowance, pension plan, 
hospilalisation insurance, P.S.1. Apply to: Dr. R. G. 
Grenon, Director, Prescott and Russell Health Unit, 
P. O. Box 273. L'Orignal, Ontario. 7-73-14 


PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES for scenic urban and rurol 
health unit, close to the Capital City in the Upper 
Ottawa Valley Tourist Area. Good summer and 
winter recreational facilities. Personnel policies pre- 
sently under review. Direct enquiries to: Dr. R.V. 
Peters, Director, Renfrew County Health Unit, 169 
William Street. Pembroke, Ontario. 7-98-2 


Public Health Nurses for generalized programme in 
a County.City Health Unit. Salary schedule as of 
January 1. 1967, $5,100 to $6,100. 20 days vacation. 
Employer shared pension plan. P.S.1. and hospital- 
ization. Mileage allowance or unit cars. Apply to: 
Miss Veronica O'Leary, Supervisor of Public Health 
Nursing, Peterborough County-City Health Unit. P.O. 
Box 246, Peterborough, Ontario. 7-101-4A 


PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE (Qualified) for generalized 
programme. Solary Ronge $5,200 - $6,400 according 
to experience. Salaries negotiated annually. Personnel 
Policies on request. Apply in writing to: Miss Beatrice 
Whalley. Supervisor of Public Health Nursing, Waterloo 
County Health Unit 109 Argyle St.. S.. Preston. Ontario. 
10.109-2 


Public Health Nurse. for general programme. Salary 
range $5,tOO to $6,300. Personnel policies include Car 
expense, Omers and Canada pension plans, group 
life insurance, 50 % of P .S.I. and hospital insurance. 
cumulative sick leave plan and liberal vacation. 
Apply to: Dr. G.L. Anderson, Director, The Lamblon 
Health Unit. 333 George Street. Sarnia, Ontario. 
7-114-3 


QUEBEC 


NURSE far Children'. Summer Camp, located near 

te. Agathe. Que.. well equipped infirmary. private 
hving quarters. excellent facWties. Apply to: Mr. R. 
La.zanik, Pine Valley Camp, 5465 Queen Mary Road, 
sUIte 460, Montreal 29. Quebec. 9-47-67 


SASKATCHEWAN 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING for modern 24-bed active 
treatment hospital. Graduates in nursing administration 
or with experience will be given preference. Accommo- 
dc:'tion available in nurses. residence. Salary schedule 
WIll be based on Ihe SRNA recommandations. Apply: 
Mr. R. Holinaty. Administrator. Wokaw Union Hospital. 
Wakaw, Soskatchewan. 10-131.1 A 


REGISTERED NURSES for 24-bed active treatment hos- 
pital. Establ ished personnel pol icies and pension plan. 
Solary range as per SRNA recommendations. Adjust- 
ments to starting salary made for previous experience. 
Residence accommodation available at $43.50 per 
month. Apply: Mrs. Z. Johnson, Acting Director of 
Nursing. Wakaw Union Hospital. Wakaw. Saskatche- 
wan. 10.t31-1 
MARCH 1967 


I I 


SASKATCHEWAN 


MATRON required for a 6O.bed nuning home. Must be 
a registered nurse and capable of taking charge of 
intensive and Limited care patients. Duties to begin 
as soon as possible. Salary in accordance to schedule 
and experience. Apply to: SECRETARY-MANAGER, 
Estevan Regional Nursing Home. E1tevan. Saskatche- 
Wan. 1
3
2 


Regi.te,ed Nur... for General Duty (2) in fully 
modern 27.bed hospital Basic salary $400 per month. 
Personnel policies according to Sask. Reg. Nurses. As- 
sociation recommendations. New modern residence, 
excellent working conditions. Duties to commence 
when convenient. Apply to: Superintendent of Nursing 
Services. Kipling Memorial Union Hospital, Kipling, 
Saskatchewan. 10-59-1 


General Duty and Operating Room Nurses. 01.0 
Certified Nursing Assistants for 560-bed University 
Hospital. Salary Commensurate with experience and 
preparations. Excellent personnel policies. Excellent 
opportunities to engage in progressive nursing. Ap- 
ply: Director of Personnel. University Hospital, Sas- 
katoon, Soskatchewan. 10-116-4A 


UNITED STATES 


REGISTERED NURSES - Southern California Op. 
portunitie. available - 368-bed modern hospital in 

dical-Surgicalt Labor. and Delivery, Nur.ey. Oper- 
ating Room and Intensive and Coronary Care Units. 
Good salary and liberal fringe benefils. Confinuing 
inservice education program. Located 10 miles from 
Los Angeles near skiing. Iwimming. cultural and edu- 
cational facilities. Temporary living accommodations. 
Apply: Director of Nursing Service, Saint Joseph 
Hospital. Burbank. California 91503. 15.5-63 


REGISTERED NURSES needed for rapidly expanding 
general hospital on the beautiful Peninsula near 
San Francisco. Outstanding policies and benefits. 
including temporary accommodations at low cost, 
health coverage, fully refundable retirement plan, 
liberal shift differentials. no rotation. exceptional 
in-service and orientation programs. unlimited sick 
leave accrual. unlimited vacation accrual. sick leave 
conversion to vacation. tuition reimbursement. Ex- 
cellent salaries based on experience. Contact Person- 
nel Administrator. Peninsula Hospital, 1783 EI 
Camina Real, Burlingame. California - 697-4061. 
15-5-20 B 


Regi.tered Nunes: The Los Angeles County General 
Hospital has opportunities in all clinical areas. We 
invite your enquiries about positions avoilable in pre- 
mature nursery. neuro-surgery. pediatrics, operating 
rOOm and recovery room. as well as general medical 
or surg ical wards. Several specialty programs are 
planned for 1967. Starting salary with one year.s ex- 
perience in an accredited hospital is $591 per month. 
$624 after six months. Additional pay for a degree. 
Evening bonus approximately $60 per monlh. Night 
bonus $50. living quarters available on hospital 
grounds for at least 90 days. We will help you with 
Cal ifornia Registration. For further information, 
write: Mrs. Dorothy Easley, Box 1311 CN. Los Angeles 
County General Hospital. 1200 North State Street, Los 
Angeles. California 90033. 15-5.3 E 


REGISTERED NURSES Opportunities available at 
415-bed hospital in Medical-Surgical, Labor and 
Delivery. Intensive Care. Operating Room and Psy- 
chiatry. No rotation of shift. good salary. evening 
and night differentials, liberal fringe benefits. 
Temporary living accommodations available. Apply: 
Miss Dolores Merrell. R.N.. Personnel Director, Queen 
of Angels Hospital, 2301 Bellevue Aevnue. Los 
Angeles 26, California. 15.5-3G 


REGISTERED NURSES - SAN FRANCISCO Children's 
Hospital and Adult Medical Center hospital for men. 
wOmen and children. California registration required. 
Opportunities in all clinical areas. Excellent salaries, 
differentials for evenings and nights. Hol idays. vaca- 
tions, sick leave. I ife insurance, health insurance and 
employer-paid pension-plan. Applications and details 
furnished On request_ Contact Personnel Director. Chil- 
dren.s Hospital. 3700 California Street. San Francisco 
18, California. 15-5-4 


REGISTERED NURSES: Mount Zion Hospital and Me- 
dical Center.s increased salary scales now double Our 
attraction for nurses who find they can afford to live 
by the Golden Gate. Expansion has created vacancies 
for staff and specialty assignments. Address enquiry 
to: Personnel Department. 1600 Divisadero Street, San 
Francisco. California 94115. An equal opportunity em- 
ployer. 15-5-4 C 


Nur.e. for new 75-bed General Hospital. Resort 
area. Ideal climate. On beautiful Pacific ocean. 
Apply to: Director of Nurse.. South Coast Com- 
munity Hospital. South Laguna. California. 15-5-50 


DIRECTOR 


OF 
REGIONAL SCHOOL 
OF NURSING 


"KIRKLAND LAKE" 


Applications are invited for the 
position of Director of a new 
Regional School of Nursing to be 
established in Kirkland lake with 
an annual enrollment of 30 
students encompassing five area 
hospitals. An excellent opportu- 
nity to develop a program from 
the erection of the building to 
operating the school. 


Please direct enquiries to: 
The Secretary of the Steering 
Committee: 
R. J. Cameron, Administrator, 


KIRKLAND AND DISTRICT 
HOSPITAL 


Kirkland Laker Ontario. 


UNITED STATES 


General Duty Staff Nur.e. for 450-bed fully approved 
teaching hospital. Top salaries with differential for 
evening and night duty. High increments. 40-hour 
week. paid vacation based on length of service. 8 paid 
holidays per year. Accumulative sick plan. COm- 
prehensive hospitalization plan. Excellent pension 
plan. Orientation and dynamic inservice program. 
Nurses. Association (A.F.L.) governs hours, salaries 
and working conditions. Registration to work in 
California required. Address applications to, Chief 
Nurse, Southern Pacific Memorial Hospital, 1400 fell 
Street, San Francisco, Colifornio 94117. 15-5-6 D 


IN-SERVICE INSTRUCTORS - for ward teaching and 
follow up of auxiliary stoff. Openings on general 
medicine and in obstetrics. Write Nurse Recruitment 
Officer, Box 1421, Los Angeles County General Hos- 
pital, 1200 North State Street. Los Angeles, California 
90033 15-5-3 f 
PREMATURE AND NEWBORN NURSERY NURSES - 
Two premature units (one larg&. one small) and regular 
nurserieJ need R.N!s for care of high-risk babies. 
Teaching programs. Promotional opportunities. Write: 
Nurse Recruitment Officer, Box 1421, Los Angeles 
County General Hospitol, 1200 North State Street, Los 
Angeles. California 90033. t5-5-3 E 
PSYCHIATRIC NURSES - Need nurses particularly in- 
terested in children and adolescents. Also openings on 
general wards. For details; write: Nurse Recruitment 
Officer, Box 1421. Los Angeles County Generol Hos- 
pital, 1200 North State Slreet. Los Angeles, California 
90033. 15-5-3 K 


OUTPATIENT NURSES - Degree, public health ex- 
perience required. Must be interested in teaching pa- 
tients and families. For information. write: Nurse 
Recruitment Officer, Box 1421, Los Angeles County 
General Hospital. 1200 North State Street, Los Angeles, 
California 90033. 15-5-3 L 


PROFESSIONAL NURSES - Investigate the unlimited 
potential and professional growth offered our nursing 
staff. Ultra-mod
rn equipment and facilities in a new. 
progressive 150-bed. air-conditioned hospital. Located 
in a warm. sunny climate 30 minutes from San Fran- 
cisco. Top starting salaries. degree and experience re- 
cognition. attractive paid benefits. no shift rotation. 
Enquire and compare. write Personnel Director. JOHN 
MUIR MEMORIAL HOSPITAL. 1601 Ygnacio Valley 
Road, Walnut Creek, California 94598. 15-5-67 A 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 63 



UNITED STATES 


I I 


UNITED STATES 


Registered Nurse., Career satisfaction. interest and 
professional growth unlimited in modern, JCAH aC- 
credited 243-bed hospital. Located in one of Califor- 
nia's finest areas, recreational, educational and cul- 
tural advantages are yours as well as wonderful 
year-round climate. If this combination is what 
you're looking for, contact us now!Staff nurse en- 
trance salary above $500 per month; increases to 
$663 per month; supervisory positions at highest 
rates. Special area and shift differentials to $50 per 
month paid. Excellent benefits include free health 
and life insurance retirement, credit union and liberal 
personnel policies. Professional staff appointments 
available in all clinical areas to those eligible for 
California licensure. Write today: Director of Nursing, 
Eden Hospital, 20103 Lake Chabot Rood. Castro Val- 
lev. California. 15-5-12 


fional opportunities in area, equal opportunity 
employer. Apply: Director of Nursing Service, Kaiser 
Foundation Hospitals, San Francisco 15, California. 
Phon.. (JO 7-4400) 15-5.57 


Registered Nurses - California. Expanding, accredit- 
ed 303-bed hospitol in medical center of Southern 
California. University city. Mountain - ocean resort 
area. Ideal year.round climate, smog free. Starting 
salary $6,300. With experience. $6,600. Fringe bene- 
fits, shift differential. initial housing allowance. 
Wide variety rentals available. For details on Cali- 
fornia License and Visa, write: Director of Nursing, 
Cottage Hospital. 320 W Pueblo Street. Santo Bar- 
baro. California 93105. 15-5-39 A 


Registe.ed Nunes for 303.bed modern hospital. Po- 
sitions available - All services, no shift rotation. 
liberal benefits, advancement opportunities, educa- 


REGtSTERED NURSES - General Duty for 54-bed 
JCAH hospital 1 'I. hours from Son Francisco, 2 



 
rrTIr I II 1 
!ill 
.
::'

":
i,::,
; 
: 
"'


 


BOX 1311 C 
DOROTHY EASLEY. R.N. - Nurse Recruitment Officer 
1200 North Stafe Sfreet 
Los Angeles. California 90033 
Telephone 213 225-3115 


Are you looking for career nursing opportunities? 
Do you want more training? 
Do unusual services appeal to you? 


Then you will want 
more information about our hospital 


We are a university teaching hospital 
for two schools of medicine. 


We have over 200 internes, 300 residents 
and a full time medical staff. 


We are one of the world's 
largest medical centers. 


Starting Salary-$560.001 month 
· Credit for degree 
. Shift differential 
. Credit for experience 


Outstanding Promotional Opportunities 


Assistant Head Nurse or Charge Nurse 
Head Nurse 
Clinical Specialist; Teaching Assistant; Instructor 


Coronary Care Unit; P.A.R.. Intensive Care Units; 
Chest Surgery; Jail; Premature Center; Admitting; 
General Medicine; O.R.; Diabetic Service; Neurosurgery; 
Metabolic Research; Dermatology; Orthopedics; Eye; Rehab; 


You name it - We have it I 


64 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


I I 


UNITED STATES 


hours from Lake Tahoe. Starting salary $510/m 
with differentials. Apply: Director of Nurses. Mem 
orial Hospital, Woodland. California. 15-5.491 


CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS 


required 


with preparation and experience. Eligible 
for B. C. Registration. Medical. Surgical 
and Paediafric areas. 


Student enrollment - 200 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
Victoria. B. C. 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


For administrotion of patient core services 
of loo-bed modern. accedited general 
core hospital with medical. surgicol. ob- 
stetrics and paediotric services. Patient 
care stoff comprises 38 graduate nurses. 
20 practicol nurses and orderlies ond 
5 p.n. trainees. laboratory. X-Ray. physio- 
theropy personnel. 
The Direcfor of Nursing would be directly 
responsible to the Administrafor. 
Groduofion from an opproved School of 
Nursing essentiol with experience or 
preporotion in patient core odministra- 
tion desirable. 
Please direct enquiries or applications 
stating experience. training and references 
to: 
Administrator. 
KOOTENAY LAKE GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 
3 View Street, Nelson. B. C. 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN GENERAL HOSPITAL 
will require 
2 TEACHERS - AUGUST 1967 
DUTIES: Insfruction in Science ond Medicol- 
Surgicol Nursing Porticipation in deve- 
lopment of 2 year progromme. 
QUALIFICATIONS: University preporotion 
in Nursing Educotion or Public Heolth. 
SALARY: Commensurafe wifh experience 
and educotion. 50 students enrolled 
onnuolly. 
For further information contact; 
Director School of Nursing 
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN GENERAL 
HOSPIT AL 
St. Thomas. Onto 


MARCH 1967 




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.... 
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J.. 
 .' I 
... l' . t-'
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YOU CAN TELL THAT NURSES HELPED TO DESIGN OUR NURSING UNITS 


Community-General is completely designed for the nurse and the 
maximum development of her professional nursing abilities. 


. Unit Clerk Service - 16 hours a day 
. Automated delivery of supplies 
. Maximum supporting services of 
Central Service, Dietary, Housekeeping, 
and others 


COMMUNITY-GENERAL HOSPITAL of Greater Syracuse 
Syracuse, New York 


Orientation Program 
In-Service Program 
Tuition Grants 
Shift Differentials 
Overtime - Paid at time and one half 
Ex<:ellent Personnel Policies 


Mail this coupon for information: 
Director of Personnel 
Community-General Hospital of Greater Syracuse 
Broad Road 
Syracuse, New York 13215 
Name . 
Street 
City & State .. 


Please check present status: 


Student 0 


R.N. 0 


L.P.N. 0 


Supervisor 0 


MARCH 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 6S 



The 
Canadian 
Nurse 


VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPITAL 


HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA 


Invites applications from Registered Nurses 
for all services including operating room, 
recovery room, intensive care a nd emergency 
in completely new wing. 


1965 INDEX 


Salary range for General Staff positions 
$360.00 - $420.00 per month 
and other liberal benefits. 


An index of materials appearing 
in Volume 61 of 


Direct enquiries to: 


Director of Nursing r 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 
is now available. 


3383 


Halifax, Nova Scotia 


VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Write for your copy to 


Miss PIERRETTE HOTTE 
at National Office, 
50 The Driveway, 
Ottawa 4 


UNITED STATES 


UNITED STATES 


Staff Duty positions (Nurses) in private 403-bed 
hospital. Liberal personnel policies and salary. Sub- 
stantial differential for evening and night duty. 
Write: Personnel Director, Hospital of The Good 
Samaritan, 1212 Shatto Street, los Angeles 17. 
Colifornia. 15-5-3b 


REGISTERED NURSES - If you have a degree from 
an NLN accredited school and one year'. experience, 
we start you at $624 a month. Current openings on 
burn services, chest surgery and chest medical units. 
Write: Nurse Recruitment Officer, Box 1421, Los 
Angeles County General Hospital, 1200 North State 
Street, Los Angeles, California 90033. 15-5-3 I 


GENERAl DUTY NURSES - for medical services. May 
have experience in intensive core units and coronary 
care unit if desired. With one year's experience, start 
at $591. Write, Nurse Recruitment Officer, Box 1421, 
Los Angeles County General Hospital, 1200 North 
State Street, Los Angeles, California 90033. t5-5-3 G 


NURSES - Califomia calls I Exciting new programs in 
one of the country's largest medical centers. Openings 
in neuro-surgery and renal dialysis units. Special 
teaching programs on both services Write: Nurse 
Recruitment Officer, Box 1421, Los Angeles County 
General Hospital, 1200 North State Street, Los Angeles, 
California 90033 15-5-3 H 


PROfESSIONAL NURSES with a clinical specialty: 
we have openings in all malor areas. Utilize your 
specialty in the care of patients, not the desk. Write 
for more information: Nurse Recruitment Officer, Box 
1421, Los Angeles, County General Hospital, 1200 
North Stole Street. Los Angeles, California 90033 
15-5-3 J 


NURSES, Regist.r.d, for modern 360-bed hospital. 
Openings available in all areas, medicine-surgery, 
delivery room, nursery, and postpartum. Near Wayne 
State University, and an integral part of the new 
Medical Center. Salary $550 to $635 per month 
plus differential for afternoon and night. Premium 
pav for weekends. Good fringe benefits including 
Blue Cross and Life Insurance. Apply: Personnel 
Director, Hutzel Hospital formerly Woman', Hospital), 
432 East Hancock, Detroit, Michigan 48201. 15-23.1 F 
66 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


I I 


NURSE TEAM LEADER POSITIONS in new 372-bed 
fully accredited, General Hospital in resort area. $503 
per month days and $528 per month evening and 
night shift. Liberal fringe benefits. For descriptive bro- 
chure and policies write: L. Sims, North Miami Gene- 
ral Hospital, 1701 NE 127th Street, North Miami, 
Florida. 15-10.2 A 


REGISTERED NURSES, for 75-bed air conditioned 
hospital, growing community. Starting salary $330- 
$365/m. fringe benefits, vocation, sick leav., holi. 
days, life insurance, hospitalization. 1 meal furnish- 
ed. Write: Administrator, Hendry General Hospital, 
Clewiston, Florida. 15.10.1 


WEST tNDtES 


Registered Graduate Nurse. who wish to gain valu- 
able and interesting experience in the semi tropical 
country of Haiti. Hopital Albert Schweitzer, Arti. 
bonite Volley near St. Marc is a well-equipped 
modern hospital, 160 overage daily census, medical, 
surgical, pediatric wards and daily clinics. Two 
year contract, $150 per month with transportation 
to and from point or origin, maintenance, medical 
care as provided at hospital. Compensatory day off 
for any holiday worked; there are at least 17 na- 
tional and religious holidays in Haiti. The nurse is 
entitled to a vacation allowance at the rate of two 
days for each full calendar month worked. Write: 
Miss Walborg L. Peterson, P.O. Box 2213-B, Port-au- 
Prince, Haiti. 17-1-2 


ONTARIO 


Director of Nursing: Appl icorions are invited for the 
position of Director of Nursing effective january 1, 
1967, for a 42-bed General Hospital located in the 
heart of Northwestern Ontario. Residence suite availa- 
ble. For full particulars write to, Les. J. H. Johnston, 
Administrator, Sioux Lookout General Hospital, P. O. 
Box 909, Sioux Lookout, Ontario. 7 119-1 


DIRECTORS 
AND 
ASSISTANT 
DIRECTORS 


^" 


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WORKSHOPS ON 
PROBLEM-SOLVING 


Learn and practice problem- 
solving skills applied to 
Hospital Nursing Service 


Have you registered? 


Halifax April 11-14, 1967 
Vancouver May 2-5, 1967 


It's later than you think! 


W,ite to: 


CANADIAN 
50 The Driveway, 
Ottawa 4, Ontario. 
NURSES' ASSOCIATION 


MARCH 1967 



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GO!. .. Where the ACTION is! 


Albany Medical Center, that's where. A modern teaching hos- 
pital perfectly located in beautiful upstate New York . . . on 
the doorstep of New York City's bright lights . . . exciting 
horse racing at Saratoga. . . summer homes of the Philadelphia 
and Boston Symphony Orchestras . . . scenic lake George . . . 
and the greatest skiing in the East. 
Our nursing opportunities are tops, too. For details, send for 
our free booklet, "Albany Medical Center Nurse." 


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· Mrs. Helen Middleworth, Director, Nursing SelVice 
· Albany Medical Center Hospital 
. 
. Albany, New York 12208 
. 
. 
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. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 


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Please send me a free copy of your nursing booklet 


NAME .............. ...... ................... ._ 


ADDRESS ...... . . . . _. ... _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 


Albany Medical Center Hospital 


CITY .............. . STATE ......... ..ZiP...... 


 



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education 


. 


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recreation 


Specialize at either the 424 bed Grace Central 
Hospital in the new $250 million Detroit Medical 
Center or at the 448 bed Grace Northwest Hospital. 
(Grace is second largest in terms of admissions in 
Michigan.) 
Further your education at nearby Wayne State 
University or one of the many smaller colleges 
nearby. 
EnJoy your leisure time in the heart of the 
cultural and entertamment center of dynamic 
Detroit or enjoy the all-year around sports and 
recreation of Michigan. 
Staff nurses at Grace earn from $500 to $600 
per month for days and $514 to $629 for evening 
and night duty plus very generous fringe benefits. 
Other positions pay even more. For full informa- 
tion contact: Dorector of Nursing. 


GRACE CENTRAL HOSPITAL 
4160 John R. Street. 
Detroit. Michigan 48201 
or 
GRACE NORTHWEST HOSPITAL 
18700 Meyers Road. 
Detroit. Michigan 48235 


68 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


ONTARIO SOCIETY 
FOR 
CRIPPLED CHILDREN 


requires 
· Camp Directors 
· General Staff Nurses 
· Registered Nursing Assistants 
for 
FIVE SUMMER CAMPS 
located near 
OTTAWA COLLINGWOOD 
LONDON 
 PORT COLBORNE 
KIRKLAND LAKE 


Applicafions are invited from nurses in- 
terested in the rehabilitotion of physically 
handicapped children. Preference given to 
CAMP DIRECTOR applicants having super- 
visory experience and to NURSING ap. 
plicants with paediatric experience. 


Apply in writing to: 
Miss HREN WALLACE. Reg. N.. 
Supervisor of Camps, 
350 Rumsey Road, 
Toronto 17, Ontario 


ST. JOSEPH'S 
HOSPIT AL 
HAMIL TON. 
ONTARIO 


A modern, progressive hospital, 
located in the centre of Ontario's 
Golden Horseshoe- 
invites applications for 
GENERAL STAFF 
NURSES 
and 
REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 


Immediate openings are avail- 
able in Operating Room, Psy- 
chiatry, Intensive Care - Coro- 
nary Monitor Unit, Obstetrics, 
Medical, Surgical and Paediatrics. 
For further information write to: 
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
Sf. JOSEPH.S HOSPITAL 


Hamilton, Ontario 


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your diploma 
means something 
at Presbyterian 


Hang on to that diploma. It's 
probably the most important 
piece of paper you'll ever earn. 
It's your certificate of profession. 
alism. Make the most of your 
diploma by choosing a hospital 
where your professionalism, your 
skill, your individual contributions 
are appreciated. 



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PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL CENTER 
ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO 81106 


"Starting salary to $555 a month 
..Expanding, progressive 
500.bed hospital 
"Personal orientation program 
..Liberal fringe benefits 
"Continuing educational programs 
..Airline travel paid 
"Two universities 
..Growing metropolitan area 
"Twenty minutes from nearby 
mountain ski area 
EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER 
Mail coupon a.ull collect (505.243.9411, Eat. 219) 


Mrs. Susan Dicke. Director o' Nurse RecrUitment 
Presbytenan Hospital C""ter, Department B 
Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106 


Please mlil ml marl informltion Ibout nursing 
at Presbyteriln Hospilel Clnter Ind how I mlY 
mlkl the most of my diploml there. 


Name 


Address 


City 


Stlte 


School of NurSIng 


. Year of Graduahon _Month . 
:............................--......-.-.--...--....... ... ...... 


MARCH 1967 



THE HAMILTON AND DISTRICT SCHOOL OF NURSING 
SPONSORED BY 


THE HAMILTON HEALTH ASSOCIATION 


INVITES APPLICATIONS FOR THE POSITION OF 


INSTRUCTOR 


QUALIFICATIONS - A University degree and graduate experience in one or more fields of nursing. 
Eligibility for Nurse Registration in Ontario. 
The fourth group of students will be enrolled in September 1967. Additional teachers will be required 
since the maximum enrolment is expected to be reached this year. 


THE SCHOOL PROGRAM 
CONTROL - The entire curriculum which covers 2 calendar years is planned and controlled by the school. 
Clinical experience, practice and observation is provided in: 
1) The H. H. A. complex of hospitals. 
2) The Joseph Brant Memorial Hospital, Burlington. 
3) The Oakville Trafalgar Hospital, Oakville. 
4) The Ontario Hospital, Hamilton. 
5) Community agencies in the area. 


FOR FURTHER INFORMATION WRITE TO: 
The Director, 
HAMILTON AND DISTRICT SCHOOL OF NURSINC, 
Box 590, Hamilton, Ontario 


OS HAW A 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES FOR 
ALL DEPARTMENTS 


Starting salary for Ontario Regis- 
tered nurses $400 with 5 annual 
increments to $480 per month. 
Credit for acceptable previous 
service - one increase for two 
years, two increases for four or 
more years. 
Non-registered - $360.00 
Rotating periods of duty - 3 
weeks vacation - 8 statutory 
holidays. 
One day's sick credit per month 
beginning in the 7th month of 
service cumulative to 45 days. 
Pension Plan and Group life 
Insurance - Hospital pays 50% 
of Medical, Blue Cross and Hos- 
pital Insurance premiums. 
Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
OSHA W A GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Oshawa, Ontario 


MARCH 1967 


STAFF NURSE POSITIONS 
Salary Range $482.$620 


with maximum starfing $539 on day shift, 
$592 evening and/or night shifts. Credit 
given for educafion and/or experience. 
Opportunity fo gain knowledge and skill 
in a specialized cancer research hospital. 
Registration in Texas required. Excellent 
personnel benefifs include: 3 weeks vaca- 
tion, holidoys, cumulative sick leave, 
laundry of uniforms furnished, retiremenf 
and Social Security programs, Hospitaliza- 
tion, Life and Disability Income Insurance 
available. Equal opportunity employer. 


For application and additional informotion 
Write to: 


Personnel Manager 


THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS 
M.D. ANDERSON HOSPITAL AND 
TUMOR INSTITUTE 


Texas Medical Center 
Houston, Texas 77025 


RIVERSIDE 
HOSPITAL 
OF OTTAWA 


A new, air-conditioned 340-bed 
hospital. Applications are called 
for Nurses for the positions of: 


HEAD NURSE - Operating Room 
ASSISTANT HEAD NURSES 
GENERAL STAFF NURSES 
and 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


Address all enquiries to: 
Director of Nursing 
RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL OF OTTAWA 
1967 Riverside Drive, 
Ottawa, Ontario 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 69 



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YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL 


NEWMARKET, ONTARIO 


HOSPITAL: 
A newly expanded 257 bed hospital wifh such progressive 
patient care concepts as a 12-bed I.C.U., 22-bed psychiatric 
and 24-bed self care unif. 
IDEAL LOCATION: 
45 minufes from downtown Toronfo, 15-30 minutes from 
excellent summer and winter resorf areas. 
SALARIES: 
Regisfered Nurses: $372-$447 per monfh. 
Registered Nursing Assistants: $277-$310 per month. 
BENEFITS INCLUDE: 
Furnished apartments, medical and hospifal insurance. group 
life insurance, pension plan, 40 hour week. 


Please address all enquiries to: 
Director of Nursing 
YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL 
596 Davis Drive 
Newmarket, Ontario 


ADDITIONAL CLINICAL TEACHERS 


required 


to assist in Developing New Curriculum and a 
Regional School. 
School of Nursing Building is New 
and well equiped. 
Salaries and Fringe Benefits at Metropolitan Level. 
Qualifications - B.Sc.N. 
or 
Diploma in Nursing Education. 


GENERAL STAFF NURSES 


Required for all Services 
Salaries and Fringe Benefits at Metropolitan Level. 


Apply to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
BRANTFORD GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Brantford, Ontario 


70 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


MAIMONIDES HOSPITAL 
AND HOME FOR THE AGED 


AN OPPORTU N ITY . . . . 
A CHALLENGE.... 
A NEW EXPERIENCE.... 


SUPERVISORS, STAFF NURSES, NURSING 
ASSISTANTS, INSTRUCTORS, PSYCHIATRIC 
NURSE: 


We invite you to ioin the nursing staff of New Mai- 
monides. 


LIBERAL VACATION _ HEALTH AND 
PENSION PLANS . SALARIES COM- 
MENSURATE WITH RECOGNIZED SCALES 


Apply to: 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


5795 Caldwell Avenue 
Montreal 29, Quebec 


DIRECTOR 
OF SCHOOL OF NURSING 


Applications are invited for the above position in a 
School of Nursing intending to revise programme in 
Fall of 1967 to a two year programme with a third 
year of experience in hospital nursing service. The 
School of Nursing is a new self-contained educational 
building, opened in 1964, with enrollment of ap- 
proximately 140 students. 


Trent University is situated in Peterborough. 


Minimum requirement - Bachelor's Degree. Salary 
will be commensurate with qualifications and ex- 
perience. 


For further details apply to: 


Chairman of Nursing Education Committee, 


PETER BOROUGH CIVIC HOSPITAl 


Peterborough, Ontario 


MARCH 1967 



PALO ALTO-STANFORD 
HOSPITAL CENTER 


located on the beautiful campus of Stanford University in Palo Alto, California. 



 



 


, 


. 


- ---- 


"We invite you to join our professional staff and to gain unparalled experiences in 
nursing." 


For additional information- 
NAME: 
ADDRESS: 
CITY: 
SERVICE DESIRED: 
Return to: PALO ALTO-STANFORD HOSPITAL CENTER 
Personnel Department 
300 Pasteur Drive 
Palo Alto, California 


STATE: 


ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING 


Applications are invited for the 
above position in a fully ac- 
credited 163-bed General Hos- 
pital in beautiful Northern On- 
tario. 


Desirable qualifications should 
include B.S.N. Degree with ex- 
perience in supervision. 


For further information, 
Write to: 


Director of Nursing 


KIRKLAND and DISTRICT HOSPITAL 


Kirkland Lake, Ontario. 


MARCH 1967 


VICTORIA HOSPITAL 


LONDON, ONTARIO 


Modern l,OOO-bed hospital 
Requires 
Registered Nurses for 
all services 
and 
Registered 
Nursing Assistants 


40 hour week - Pension plan 
- Good salaries and Personnel 
Policies. 


Apply: 


Director of Nursing 


VICTORIA HOSPITAL 


London, Onto 


ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 


TORONTO, ONTARIO 


REGISTERED NURSES 
and 
REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 


700-bed fully accredited hospital provides 
experience in Operating Room, Recovery 
Room, Intensive Care Unit, Pediatrics 
Orthopedics, Obstetrics, General Surgery 
and Medicine. 
Orientation and Acfive Inservice program 
for a II staff. 
Salary is commensurate wifh preparation 
and experience. 
Benefits include Canada Pension Plan, 
Hospital Pension Plan, Group Life Insu- 
rance. Sick leave - 12 days after one 
year, Ontario Hospifal Insurance - 50% 
payment by hospital. 
Rototing Periods of dUfy - 40 hour week, 
S statutory holidoys - annual vacation 
3 weeks after one year. 


Apply: 


Assistant Director of 
Nursing Service 


ST. JOSEPH'S HOSP1TAL 


30 The Queenswoy 
Toronto 3, Ontario 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 71 



THE HOSPITAL 


FOR 


SICK CHILDREN 


, 


.
 


'-.. 


- 


OFFERS: 


I. Satisfying experience. 


2. Stimulating and friendly en- 
vironment. 


3. Orientation and In-Service 
Education Program. 


4. Sound Personnel Policies. 


5. Liberal vacation. 


APPLICATIONS FOR REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS INVITED. 


For detailed information 
please write to: 


The Assistant Director 
of Nursing 
AUXILIARY STAFF 


555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Ontario, Canada 


72 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 


HOSPITAL - 
Newly expanded 350-bed hospital. Progressive patient care con- 
cept. 


SALARY - 
General Staff Nurses (Currently Registered in Ontario) $400.00 - 
$480. - 5-increments. 
Registered Nursing Assistants (Currently Registered in Ontario) 
$295.00 - $331.00, - 3 increments. 
HOUSING - 
Furnished apartments available at subsidized rates. 


JOB SATISFACTION - 
High quality patient care and friendly working environment. We 
appreciate our personnel and encourage their professional develop- 
ment. 


You are invited to enquire concerning employment opportunities to: 
Director of Nursing 


HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 


200 Church Street, Weston, Ontario 
Telephone 249-8111 (Toronto) 


CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL 


requires immediately 


REGISTERED GENERAL DUTY NURSES 


This is a modern 1,000-bed hospital including a new 
200-bed convalescent-rehabilitation section. Benefits 
include Pension Plan, sick leave, and shift differen- 
tial plus a liberal vacation policy and salary range 
$360 - $420 per month commensurate with training 
and experience. 


Apply to: 


Director of Nursing Service 


CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Calgary, Alberta 


MARCH 1967 



there 


are 


over 


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200,000 


m 0 r e 


who need your help! 


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REGISTERED NURSES e PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES 
CERTIFIED NURSING ASSISTANTS 
Have you considered a Career with the... 
Indian Health Services of MEDICAL SERVICES 
DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE 


for further informotion write 10: MEDICAL SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE, OTTAWA, CANADA 


" 


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- 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


- 
... 


Applications are invited 
for the 


4"". 


POSITION OF DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


The Director of Nursing will be responsible for 
the administration of all nursing services within 
the hospital. The hospital currently operates 
375 beds and is undergoing extensive moderni- 
zation and expansion costing $3,750,000. There 
is a furnished apartment available at a mini- 
mum rental. A 140 student School of Nursing 
housed in a modern residence and operated 
by the hospital is the responsibility of a Director 
of Nursing Education. 


THE SCARBOROUGH 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Address enquiries to: 


Invites applications from General Duty Nurses. 
Excellent personnel policies. An active and stimulat- 
ing In-Service Education and Orientation Programme. 
A modern Management Training Programme to as- 
sist the career-minded nurse to assume managerial 
positions. Salary is commensurate with experience 
and ability. We encourage you to take advantage 
of the opportunities offered in this new and expand- 
ing hospital. 


For1 William, Ontario 


For further information write to: 
Director of Nursing 
SCARBOROUGH GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Scarborough, Ontario 


DOUGLAS M. McNABB, Administrator 


McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL 


"ARCH 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 73 



.... 


- 


----. 


" 


"- 
HOSPITAL: 
A newly expanded 257 bed hospital with such progressive 
core concepts as a 12-bed LCU., 22-bed psychiatric and 
24-bed self core unit. 
IDEAL LOCATION: 
45 mìnUfes from downtown Toronto, 15-30 minutes from ex- 
cellent summer and winfer resort areas 


SALARIES: 
Registered Nurses: $400.00 - $480.00 per mOnfh. 
Regisfered Nursing Assisfants: $295.00 - $331.00 per month. 
FURNISHED APARTMENTS: 
Swimming pool, tennis courts, etc. (see above) 
OTHER BENEFITS: 
Medical and hospital insurance, group life insurance, pension 
pion, 40 hour week. 


Please address all enquiries to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL 


596 Davis Drive 
Newmarket, Ontario 


NURSE- 
ANESTHETIST -OB 


For 350 Bed Community 
Teaching Hospital, 35 min- 
utes from Metropolitan New 
York. 


Excellent Salary 
+ Benefits 


. . In-service Education 
. . 8 Paid Holidays per year 
. . Tuition Refund Program 
. . 12 Paid Sick Days 
per year 
. . Free Life and 
Disability Insurance 
. . Blue Cross Coverage 


. 


Send Resume to: 
Box CN 1433,. 
125 West 41 St. 
New York NY 10036 


An Equal OpportLJ
ity 
Employer MfF 


74 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


REGISTERED NURSES 


Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois is a 
new 587-bed General Hospital, located in a pleasant 
suburb of Chicago. 
The hospital is modern with a wide range of services 
to patients, including Hyperbaric Oxygen Unit. Low- 
cost modern housing next to the hospital is available. 
The hospital is completely air-conditioned. 
Annual beginning salary is from $6,000 plus shift 
differential pay. Regular salary increments at six 
months of service and yearly thereafter Sick leave 
and other fringe benefits are also available. 


REGISTERED 
NURSES 


Highand Park General Hospital 
is a 300-bed General Hospital 
located within 15 minutes of 
downtown Detroit. It is fully ap- 
proved by the Joint Commission 
on Accreditation of Hospitals. 
Salary range for Staff Nurses is 
$6,484.40 to $7,633.60 annually 
depending on schedule. Week- 
end bonus of $5.00 per shift in 
excess of one weekend per 
month for part time nurses. 


Call or write: 
Assistant Director of Nursing 
HIGHLAND PARK GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 
Highland Park, Michigan 
883-7000, Ext. 576 


Write or call collect: 


Director of Nursing Services 


LUTHERAN GENERAL HOSPITAL 
PARK RIDGE, ILLINOIS 60068 
Telephone: 692-2210 Ext. 211 
Area Code: 312 


W[}{]@ says 
life at Mary Fletcher 
Hospital Medical Center 
is all work 8& no play? 
Uncrowded Vermont is for A. 
those who like outdoor 
n. 
 
Sailing, swimmin
 skiing, 
tennis, golf, are only '\Iin. 
utes away from Mary f
t. 
 
cher Hospital on the shor. 
of lovely lake Champtain. \ 
Combine an exciting careti(' 
with off-duty recreation and 
the cultural advantages of 
an attractive college com. 
munity. Excellent startin 
salaries, liberal fringe bene. 
fits, clinical affiliation with 
Univ. of Vermont College of 
Medicine. MfH serves as the 
primary teaching and refer- 
ral center for all of northern 
New England. 
r------------- 
Personnel Office, Dept. 401 
Mary Fletcher Hospital Medical Center 
Burlington, Vermont 05401 
Please tell me more about career opportuni- 
ties at Mary Fletcher Hospital Medical Center 
and send me literature about Vermont - 
The Beckoning Country. 


""- 


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NAME 


ADDRESS 


1-_------------------ 
MARCH 196j 



I II 
OPPORTUNITY FOR 


GROWTH 
CHANGE 
SPECIALIZA TION 


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TORONTO GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Large centrally located University Teaching Hospital 


o. CONTINUE YOUR PROFESSIONAL GROWTH 
Plonned orienlotion progromme 
Continuing in-service programmes 
Opporruniloes of 0 research ond teoching hospital 


. BROADEN 'EXPERIENCE 
Positions available: 
General medicine - Obstetrics - Operating Room 
Generol Surgery - Gynaecology - Recovery Room 
Specialty units and intensive care - Cardioyoscular 
Respirafory - Neurosurgery 


. ENJOY ADVANTAGES OF LIBERAL PERSONNEL POLICIES 
Excellent potient care focililoes 
. Salaries scoled to qualifications ond experience 
3 weeks vocotion, statutory hol,days cumulolive sick leove 
-. Life insurance, hospitalization. retirement programme 
- Uniforms laundered free 


For additional information, write: 


Director of Nursing 
TORONTO GENERAL HOSPITAL 
101 College Street, Toronto 2, Ontario 
I II 


THE MACK SCHOOL 


OF NURSING 


THE PLACE TO 
CENTENNIAL 


BE IN 
YEAR! 


OTTAWA CIVIC HOSPITAL 
Ottawa, Ontario 


Applications are invited from teachers interested in 
developing a progressive educational programme in 
this new Regional School, located in the Niagara 
Peninsula. Applicants with baccalaureate degree 
preferred. Diploma in nursing education and working 
toward a degree accepted. 
Good personnel policies. 


Enjoy life in green and pleosont Ollawo. Daily 
train and bus service ta Expa '67! Challenging 
work in 0 modern teaching Hospital of 1087 
beds, where administratian is progressive and 
sfaff parficipatian encauraged. In-Service Educa- 
tion program well established. Excellent salaries, 
persannel palicies and fringe benefits to: 


Apply to: 


The Principal, 
THE MACK SCHOOL OF NURSING. 


Queenston Street, 
St. Catha rines, Ontario 


REGISTERED NURSES 


for all services including Operating Room and 
Psychiatry. 


Apply in writing to: 


Miss B. JEAN MILLIGAN, Reg.N., M.A. 
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR. 


MARCH 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 75 



GRADUATE NURSES 


Eligible for regisfrafion in the 
Province of Onfario. 


Various positions available os SUPER- 
VISORS, HEAD NURSES, and GENERAL 
DUTY NURSES. Excellent opportunifies for 
odvoncement in all areaS of modern, 
newly expanded 1,00o-bed General Hos- 
pifal, including O.R. ond Recovery, Inten- 
sive Core, Emergency, Cenfral Supply, 
Medical and Surgical Unifs. 


Please contact: 
Director of Nursing 
HENDERSON GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 
Hamilton, Ontario 


SYDENHAM DISTRICT HOSPITAL 


WALLACEBURG, ONTARIO 


Exponsion, scheduled to open April I, 
1967. Registered Nurs.s - salary range 
$400 . $480, per monfh commensurofe 
with experience and qualifications. 
Registered Nuni"" Assistants - salory 
range $295 - $331 per monfh. Excellenf 
personnel polcies. 


For further information and application 
form please write: 


Mrs. M. Brevik 
Director of Nursing 
SYDENHAM DISTRICT HOSPITAL 
Wallaceburg, Ontario. 


OPERATING ROOM NURSES 


WE NEED 


YOU 


APPLY TO: 


Director of Nursing Service 
SUDBURY GENERAL HOSPITAL 
SudburYr Ontario. 


76 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


Required for 37 bed active hospitoJ in 
town of 1,700 pop. midway between 
Calgary and lethbridge, paved hiwy. 
wheat growing orea, close to foothills. 
Training or experience in Nurse Adminis- 
tration would be beneficial. Increase in 
usage of all facilities in lost 6 months. 
Salary to be negotiated. Suite in nurses' 
residence. Insurance ond pension group. 
Presenf Director refiring. 


Apply in writing ta: 
Administrator, 
MUNICIPAL HOSPITAL 
Vulcan, Alberta 


WANTED 


Registered Nurses required for twelve-bed 
Company hospital in lynn lake, Manitoba. 
Salary $385.00 per monfh plus five on- 
nual increments. Free apartment ond 
boord. Relocation expenses. Company 
paid insurance, medical, hospital plans 
and pension pion avoilable. 


For further particutars, apply to: 
Personnel Manager, 
SHERRITT GORDON MINES 
LIMITED, 
Lynn Lake, Manitoba. 


PORT COLBORNE 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


PORT COLBORNE, ONTARIO 
requires 
A Supervisor for evening and nighf rofa- 
tion of duty and A Supervisor for in- 
service education programme for l66-bed 
hospital wifhin easy driving disfance of 
American and Conodion mefropolitan 
cenfres, consideration given for previous 
experience obtained in Conoda. Comple- 
tely furnished apartment-style residence. 
including balcony and swimming pool 
facing lake. adjocent fa hospital. 


Apply: 
Director of Nursing 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Port Colborne, Ontario. 


PSYCHIATRIC 
CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR 


require>d by 


ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL 
KAMLOOPS, British Columbia 


For further information write to: 


Director of Nursing Education 
ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL 
Kamloops, B. C. 


ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 


GUELPH, ONTARIO 


requires 


Instructors for various Clinical Areos 
Studenf enrolment - over 85. 


UNIVERSITY CITY 


Salary commensurate with prepara1ion 
and experience. 


Apply to: 
DIRECTOR 


ROYAL ALEXANDRA HOSPIT At 


EDMONTON, ALBERTA 


Modern acfive treatment hospital Super- 
visors required for days, evening and 
night duty for Poediatric and Medical 
Nursing Units. General Duty for all servi- 
ces including Intensive Core Unit. Excel- 
lent working conditions and current per- 
sonnel policies. Credit will be given for 
previous experience and Postgroduate 
qualificafions. 


Apply: 
Personnel Office, 
ROYAL ALEXANDRA HOSPITAL 
Edmonton, Alberta 


MARCH 1967 



EL CAMINO HOSPITAL 


Registered Nurses - 
All Services 
Starting salary for 
Experienced 
Regisfered Nurses 
$550 per month 
448-bed fully-occred- 
ifed generol hospi. 
tal located 40 min- 
Ufes soufh of 
downtown Son 
Francisco 


Ample opportunity 
for professianol 
developmenf as 
there ore two col- 
leges and two uni- 
versities in the 
immediate vicinity 
Excellent recreofiono I 
facilities in close 
proximity fo the 
hospifal 


LOCATED IN BEAUTIFUL SANTA CLARA VALLEY 
YEAR 'ROUND SMOG-FREE TEMPERATE CLIMATE 


- 
- 

 
"- 
.' 

 
. 
, . 
f 

 


-r--...... 


Benefits Include: 


planned orienfotion 
program 
Continuing in-service 
educafion 
Two fo four weeks 
vocation 


Eight paid holidoys 
Accumuloflve sick 
leove 
Free group life 
insurance 


.. 


Fully paid health in- 
surance including 
family coverage 
Fully paid retirement 
program 
liberal shift 
differential 
4Q-hour week 


.
 


\, 


.. 
o. 
". 
_ 'r,.. 
... '''. 


.........=-- 


Apply to: 
PERSONNEL DIRECTOR 
EI Camino Hospital 
2500 Grant Road 
Mountain View, California 94040 


THE COLLEGE OF NURSES OF ONTARIO 


invites applications for the position of 


DIRECTOR 


The College of Nurses of Onforio is the statutory body which sefs 
and mointains minimum standards of nursing education and proctice. 
The Director is responsible to the Council of the College one! is 
supported by qualified adminisfrative assistanfs, on educa1ional 
cansultanf, and other sfaff of 40 members, professional and 
clerical. 


THE CHALLENGE - This chief executive pasifion offers a unique 
opportunity and responsibility to influence nursing in Onfario. 
QUAUFtcATIONS - The applicant must be a registered nurse with 
advonced academic preparation and experience in nursing. 


SALARY - Subiect to negotiation as recommended in the RNAO 
Minimum Sfondords of Employment. 
POSITION AVAILABLE - July I, 1968. An appointment prior to 
this dote will be mode to provide for a period of orientation. 


For further information and application form, 
please contact: 
The President of the Council, 
COLLEGE OF NURSES OF ONTARIO 
10 Price Street, 
Toronto 5, Ontario 
Application form is to be filed not later than May I, 1967. 
Envelope should be marked "confidential". 


\1ARCH 1967 


ONCE A 
ALWAYS 


NURSEeee 
A NURSE! 


Whether you're a practicing R.N. or just taking time 
out to raise a family, you can serve your community 
by teaching lay persons the simple nursing skills 
needed to care for a sick member of the family at 
home. 


Red Cross Branches need VOLUNTEER INSTRUCTORS 
to teach Red Cross Care in the Home courses. 


VOLUNTEER NOW AS A RED CROSS INSTRUCTOR 
IN YOUR COMMUNITY 


For further information, contact: 


National Director, Nursing Services, 
THE CANADIAN RED CROSS SOCIETY 


95 Wellesley Street East, 
Toronto 5, Ontario 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 77 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES 
and 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 


Wonted for active General Hospital (125 
beds) situated in Sf. Anthony, Newfound- 
lond, a town of 2,400 and headquorters 
of the International Grenfell Associotion 
which provides medical core for northern 
Newfoundland and the coo sf of Labrador. 
Salaries in accordance with ARNN. 


For further information 
please write: 
Miss Dorothy A. Plant 
INTERNATIONAL GRENFELL ASSOCIATION 
Room 701A, 88 Metcalfe Street, 
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO 


222 BED GENERAL HOSPITAL 


requires 


STAFF NURSES 
REGISTERfD NURSING ASSISTANTS 


Cornwoll is noted for its summer and 
winter sport areas, and is on hour and a 
half from bofh Montreal and Ottawa. 
Progressive personnel policies include 4 
weeks vocation. Experience and posf.basic 
certificates are recognized. 


Apply to: 
Ass't. Director of Nursing 
(service) 
CORNWALL GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Cornwall, Ontario 


ASSISTANT DIREaOR 
OF NURSING SERVICE 


Applications are invited for the position 
of Assistant Director of Nursing Service 
for a 291-bed fully accredited General 
Hospital. 
Preference will be given to applicants 
wi1h preporafion and experience in nurs- 
ing service administration. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing Service 
THE GENERAL HOSPITAL 
OF PORT ARTHUR 
Port Arthur, Ontario 


78 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


REGISTERED NURSES 


required for 
B2-bed hospifOI. Situated in the Niogara 
Peninsula. Transportation assistance. 


For salory rates and personnel policies, 


apply to: 
Director of Nursing 


HALDIMAND WAR MEMORIAL 
HOSPITAL 


Dunnville, Ontario 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


Applications are invited for the above 
position in a modern, 56-bed, fully ac- 
credited hospifal wifh expansion plans 
under acfive sfudy. Nursing adminisfrative 
education ond experience desirable. 
Salary commensurofe with qualificofions. 


Apply: 
Mrs. M. Fearn, Executive Director 
THE BARRIE MEMORIAL 
HOSPITAL 
Ormstown" Quebec 


PETERBOROUGH CIVIC HOSPITAL 


School of Nursing requires 


INSTRUCTRESS (Nursing Arts) 
INSTRUCTRESS (Medical.surgical Area) 


New self-contained educafion building for 
school of nursing now open. 
Trent Universify is sifuafed in Peferborough 


For further information write to: 


Director of Nursing 
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC 
HOSPITAL 
Peterborough, Ontario 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 
WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Requires the following Faculty 
0) Psychiatric Teacher (One). 
b) Medical ond Surgicol Teochers (Two). 
Minimum requirement - B. Sc. N. 
The above additional staff is required 
for New Program. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing Education 
WOODSTOCK GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 
Woodstock, Ontario 


SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 


COOKsVILLE, ONTARIO 


A new 450.bed General Hospitol, located 
12 miles from the Cify of Toronfo. has 
openings for: 


(1) GENERAL STAFF NURSES in all de. 
partments; 


(2) Registered Nursing Assistants in all 
departments. 


Fo, information or application, write to: 


Director of Nursing 
SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 
Cooksville, Ontario 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 
PUBLIC GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Chatham, Ontario 
requires 


INSTRUCTORS 


Student Body of 130 
Modern self-cantoined educafion building 
University Preparation. required with 
salary differential for Degree. 


For further information, 
apply to: 
Director, Nursing Education 


MARCH 1967 



What does 
Methodist Hospital 
have to offer me? 


At the Methodist Hospital, where research is a part 
of progress, a nursing career takes on new horizons - 
rich in meaning and professional satisfaction. 
If you're looking for the chance to be the nurse 
you've always dreamed of - coming to the world 
famous Methodist Hospital can be an adventure - 
almost like stepping into the future - splendid 
facilities, so much advance equipment and 
everywhere the newest medical and patient care 
techniques are in use. 
Some of the best aspects of nursing at METHODIST 
are as old as medicine itself - there is a spirit of 
kindness and consideration, and emphasis on patient 
care, that make this a hospital where nursing is 
satisfying and rewarding, day by day. 
Methodist Hospital is right in the center of the world's 
great Medical, Research and Educational complexes. 
HOUSTON is an exciting city - rodeo and opera, 
pro-football and the famous Alley Theatre, water sports 
and beaches an hour or less away, the Houston 
Symphony and the Astrodome! 


A Few Quick Facts: We're affiliated with Baylor 
University College of Medicine and associated with 
Texas Woman's University College of Nursing. 
New $9Y2 million Cardiovascular and Orthopedic 
Research Center will open soon. Our Inservice 
Education Department gives you thorough 
orientation, and continued instruction in new 
concepts and techniques. You'll find every 
encouragement to broaden your skills, 
including tuition assistance in obtaining 
further education in nursing. 


. 


Send for Your Colorful tnformative Illustrated 
Brochure. . . to learn about Methodist Hospital, 
Houston, positions available, salary and employment 
benefits, tuition allowance, complimentary room 
accommodation and our Nurse Specialist Programs. 
Write, call or send coupon, Director of Personnel, 
The Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, 
Houston, Texas 77025 


J 


r-------------------------------------ì 
I Director of Personnel, THE METHODIST HOSPITAL, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77025 I 
I Please send me your brochure about nursing opportunities at THE METHODIST HOSPITAL-Texas Medical Center I 
I I 
I Name I \ 
I Address I 
I I 
I City State Zip Code I 
L_____________________________________ 


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UNIVERSITY 
OF ALBERTA 
HOSPITAL 


Positions are available in our 
rapidly expanding Medical Cen- 
tre situated on a growing Uni- 
versity campus. All service in- 
cluding renal dialysis, coronary 
intensive care and cardiac surg- 
ery offer opportunities for ad- 
vancement. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA 
HOSPITAL 
Edmonton, Alberta 


REGISTERED NURSES 


for General Duly 


In modern 20-bed hospital locat- 
ed in thriving northwestern On- 
tario community. Starting salary 
$335 minimum to $400 maxi- 
mum for three years' experience. 
Board and room in modern 
nurses' residence is supplied at 
no charge. Excellent employee 
benefits and recreational facili- 
ties available. Further particulars 
on request. Apply giving full 
details of experience, age, avail- 
ability, etc. to: 


Employment Supervisor 


MARATHON CORPORATION 
OF CANADA LIMITED 


Marathon, Ontario 


-iARCH 1967 


OPERATING ROOM 
SUPERVISOR 


Required for 270-bed General 
Hospital with construction of a 
new hospital due to completion 
in 1967, increasing the bed ca- 
pacity to 450. Included in the 
new hospital will be the most 
modern operating room complex 
based on the Friesen Concept of 
material and equipment supply. 
Excellent fringe benefits with 
generous sick leave, four weeks 
vacation and contributory pen- 
sion plan. 


For further information write: 
Director of Nursing Service 
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Belleville, Ontario. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 79 



DIRECTOR, SCHOOL OF NURSINC 


Applications are invited 
for the 


POSITION OF DIRECTOR. 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 


The Director will have complete charge of two-plus-one 
diploma program with 360 students, adequate faculty, 
new ultra-modern facility associated with 1000-bed 
teaching hospital. Master's degree preferred. Considera- 
tion will be given to candidate with Bachelor of Science 
in Nursing Education degree and good leadership poten- 
tial. Appointment will be made by July 1, 1967. 


For further information, write to: 


Chairman, Nursing Advisory Committee 
c/o Nursing Office, 
VICTORIA HOSPITAL 
London r Ontario. 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 
PLUMMER 
MEMORIAL 
PUBLIC HOSPITAL 


AJAX AND 
PICKERING 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


SAULT STE. MARIE 


Invites Applications for: 
1. Medical-Surgical Instructor 
2. Medical Instructor 
3. Obstetrical Instructor 


AJAX, ONTARIO 
127 Beds 


250 bed non-sectarian General 
Hospital with enrolment of 80 
students. This School is planning 
a change to two year patient- 
centered, problem solving cur- 
riculum and one year internship. 
Excellent salaries commensurate 
with experience and qualifica- 
tions. 


Nursing the patient as an indi- 
vidual. Vacancies, General Duty 
R.N.'s and Registered Nursing 
Assistants for all areas, Full time 
and part time. Salaries as in Me- 
tro Toronto. Consideration for ex- 
perience and education. Excellent 
fringe benefits. Residence accom- 
modation, single rooms, House- 
Keeping privileges. 


Apply to: 
Principal, 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 


Apply to: 
NURSING OFFICE PERSONNEL 


80 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


MOVE UP 
TO CLEVELAND 


Nurses find that the combination of 
working at Mt. Sinai Hospital and liv- 
ing in this growing midwestern city 
cannot be matched in any other com- 
munity. The beginning salary is $500 
a month and there are exceptional ad- 
vancement opportunities in this 532- 
bed teaching hospital which is located 
in the educational center of the city. 
For more information, write to Nurse 
Recruiter, Dept. CB. 
L-, THE MT. SINAI HOSPITAL 

 OF CLEVELAND 
University Circle, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 


MALE REGISTERED 
NURSES AND REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 


The Clarke Instifufe of Psychiotry, a 
teaching, research and treatment hospital 
affiliated with the Universify of Toronto. 
invites applicafions from qualified person. 
nel for positions as mole regisfered nurses 
and male registered nursing assisfanfs. 
The insfitufe will provide opportunities 
for the development of new approoches 
to fhe treotment of psychiafric illnesses, 
along wifh educofion in Tesearch pro- 
grams dealing wifh the causes, course 
and treatment of psychiatric illnesses. 
Applicants shauld be able to qualify for 
registration in Ontario. The Insfitute offers 
excellent personnel policies and sfoff 
benefits. 


Apply in Writing to: 
Director of Nursing 
CLARKE INSTITUTE OF PSYCHIATRY 


250 College Street 
Toronto 2B, Ontario 


MARCH 1967 



THE HOSPITAL 


FOR 


SICK CHILDREN 



 


l 


, 
, 


I 


.-J 


1 


YOU 


Receive the advantages of: 


1. Five-week orientation pro- 
gram for new staff. 


2. Ongoing in-service education 
for nurses. 


3. Extensive student education 
program. 


4. Research Institute. 


APPLICATION FOR GENERAL 
DUTY POSITIONS INVITED 


For information contact: 


THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Canada 


\iARCH 1967 


THE WINNIPEG 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Offers the following opporfunity for ad- 
vanced preparafion to qualified Registered 
Graduote Nurses: 


A SIX MONTH CLINICAL COURSE 
in 
OPERATING ROOM 
PRINCIPLES AND ADVANCED 
PRACTICE 


The course commences in September of 
each year. Mointenance is provided, and 
a reasonable sfipend is given each month. 
Enrolment is limited to a maximum of 
ten students. 


For further information please 
write to: 


THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
700 William Ave. 
Winnipeg 3 


DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING SERVICE 


The Belleville General Hospital 
requires a Director of Nursing 
Service to be responsible for the 
administration of all nursing ser- 
vice activities. 


The hospital presently has a ca- 
pacity of 300 beds and will in- 
crease to a total of 450 beds in 
about one year, upon completion 
of a construction programme. 
The design incorporates a central 
SUPPlY Process Dispatch system. 
Applicants should have a degree 
in nursing service administration 
as well as considerable expe- 
rience in a similar position. 


Applications and enquiries 
should be addressed to: 
Acting Administrator 
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Belleville, Ontario. 


ONTARIO SOCIETY 


FOR 


CRIPPLED CHILDREN 


l 


\ 
i 


- -- 


Invites applications from Public 
Health Nurses who have at least 
2 yeers experience in general- 
ized public health nursing, pre- 
ferably in Ontario. 


INTERESTING AND VARIED 
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 
IN AN EXPANDING PROGRAM 
INCLUDE: 


. an opportunity to work direct- 
ly with children, their parents, 
health and welfare agencies, 
and professional groups 


. participation in arranging 
diagnostic and consultant cli- 
nics 


. assessing the needs of the 
individually handicapped child 
in relation to services provided 
by Easter Seal Clubs and the 
Society. 


Attractive salary schedule with 
excellent benefits. Car provided. 
Pre-service preparation with sa- 
lary. 


Apply in writing to: 


Director, Nursing Service, 
350 Rumsey Road, 
Toronto 17, Ontario 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 81 



WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Requires 


GENERAL STAFF NURSES 


ALL DEPARTMENTS 


ond 


O.R. TECHNICIANS 


Apply: 
Director of Nursing 
WOODSTOCK 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Woodstock, Ontario 


McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL 


requires 
Registered Nurses for general Stoff. The 
hospifal is friendly and progressive. 
It is now in the beginning stages of a 
$3,500,000 program of expansion and 
renovation. 


- Openings in all services. 
- Proximity to Lakehead 
ensures opporfunity for 
educafion. 


University 
furthering 


For 'ull particulars write to: 
Acting Director 
of Nursing Service 


McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL, 
Fort William, Ontario, 


ST. JOSEPHrS HOSPITAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
Hamilton, Ontario 


requires 


CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS in all Nuning 
areas. Well-equipped, modern School of 
Nursing. Student enrolment over 300. 
Modern, progressive, BOO-bed Hospital. 
Salary commensurate with preparation 
and experience. 


Fo, 'urthe, details, apply: 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


82 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


PORT COLBORNE 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


PORT COLBORNE, ONTARIO 


STAFF NURSES 


required 


For 166-bed hospital within easy driving 
disfance of American ond Canadian me- 
tropolitan centres. Consideration given for 
previous experience obfained in Canoda. 
Completely furnished apartment-style resi- 
dence, including balcony and swimming 
pool facing lake, adjacenf to hospital. 


Apply: 
Director a. Nursing 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Port Colborne,Ontario 


REGISTERED NURSES 


For new 100-bed General Hospital in 
resort fown of 14,000 people, beaufifully 
located On shores of lake of the Woods. 
Three hours' travel fime from Winnipeg 
with good transportafion available. Wide 
variety of summer and winter sports- 
swimming, boofing, fishing, golfing, skat- 
ing, curling, tobogganing, skiing and ice 
fishing. 
Salary: $372 for nurses regisfered in 
Ontario with allowance for experience. 
Residence available. Good personnel poli- 
cies. 


Apply to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
KENORA GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Kenora, Ontario 


REGISTERED NURSES 


For all services including Operating and 
Delivery Room. 


Hospital rapidly expanding to 450 beds. 
Sa lory $502 to $590 with shift, week-end 
and Charge Nurse differenfial. 


Write to Nursing Office 


ST. JOHN HOSPITAL 
22101 Moross Road 
Detroit, Michigan 48236 
or Telephone: 881.8200 
(4-11-24) 


ST. JOSEPHrS HOSPITAL 


LONDON, ONTARIO 


Teaching Hospital, 600 beds. new facilifies 


requires 


TEACHERS 
REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


For 'urther in'ormation apply: 
The Director of Nursing 
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 
London, Ontario 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
EDUCATION 


Masfer's degree preferred; fo conducf 
basic nursing program ond affilliate pro- 
gram. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, 
CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL 
OF WINNIPEG, 
Winnipeg, Manitoba. 


RED CROSS 
IS ALWAYS THERE 
WITH YOUR HELP 


MARCH 196: 



UNIVERSITY OF 
BRITISH COLUMBIA 


School of Nursing 


DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC 
NURSING 
DEGREE COURSE FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 


Both of these courses leod to the 
B.S.N. degree. Graduates are pre- 
pared for public health as well as 
hospital nuning positions. 


DIPLOMA COURSES FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 


I. Public Health Nursing. 
2. Administration of Hospital 
Nursing Units. 
3. Psychiatric Nursing. 


For information write to: 
The Director 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 
UNIVERSITY OF B.C. 


Vancouver 8, B.C. 


DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 
offers 
NEW DIPLOMA PROGRAM 


in 


OUTPOST NURSING 


A program exfending over two calendar 
years has been developed to prepare 
graduate nurses for service in remofe 
oreos of Northern Canedo. Major areas 
within the course of study will include: 
Public health nursing 
Complete midwifery 
Basic clinical medicine 
Instruction will be highly individuolized. 
I st year - To be spent at the University. 
2nd year - To consist of an infernship 
directed by the University in 
selected northern agencies. 
Candidates should have completed at 
least one yeor of professional nursing. 
Upon completion of the program studenfs 
will receive a Diploma in Public Heolth 
Nursing and a Diploma in Outpost 
Nursing. 


For further information write to: 
Director, 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 
Halifax, Nova Scotia 


MARCH 1967 


I I 


UNITED STATES 


UNITED STATES 


REGISTERED NURSES - Just over the Golden Gate 
from San Francisco in "Marvelous Marin". Modern ex. 
panding 250 bed hospitol. Opportunities in medical, 
surgical obstetrical, ICU, OR, Cardiovascular, Psychia- 
tric creas. Dynamic inservice program. Salary, based 
on education end experience sterting from $600 to 
$675. PM and night shift differentials of 10 % and 
7 %, plus liberal employee benefits. Opportunities for 
graduate study in nearby colleges end universities, 
Stimulating, progressive hospital atmosphere plus ex. 
citing off-duty attractions of nearby San Francisco, 
the Redwoods, ocean swimming and mountain skiing. 
Contact: Personnel Director, Marin General Hospital, 
Box 30 San Rafael, California. 15-5-69 A 


week, plus differential of $20 for 3-11 p.m. and 
11-7 a.m. shifts. C.N. Ass'ts. $76 weekly plus $10 for 
3-11 p.m. and 11-7 a_m. shifts. Write: Miss Byrne, 
Director of Nurses, Chelsea Memmorial Hospital, 
Chelsea, Massachusetts 02150. 15-22-1 C 


REGISTERED NURSES: Excellent opportunity for ad- 
vancement in atmosphere of medical excellence. Pro- 
gressive patient care including Intensive Care and 
Cardiac Care Units. Finely equipped growing 200- 
bed suburban community hospital iust on Chicago's 
beautiful North Shore. Completely air conditioned 
furnished apartments, paid vacation, after six months, 
staff development program, and liberal fringe bene- 
fits. Storting salary from $466. Differential of $30 
for nights or evenings. Contact: Donald L. Thomp- 
lOn, R. N., Director of Nursing, Highland Park Hos- 
pital, Highland Park, Illinois 60035. 15-14-3 A 


Registered Nurse. and Certified Nursing Alsi.tan.s. 
Opening in several areas, all shifts. Every other week- 
end off, in small community hospital 2 miles from 
Boston. Rooms available. Hospital paid life insurance 
and other liberal fringe benefits. RN salary $ lOOper 


. 


REGISTERED NURSES 


. 


. 


. 


. 


. 


THE 


350-BED 


SARNIA GENERAL 


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50 


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ASKS 


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What Are You Seeking? 


WE OFFER 


the opportunity 
1. to work directly with patients 
2. to participate in group decisions 
3.. LO.A. with financial assistance to further your education 
in nursing 


If you are interested . contact the Personnel Director, Sarnia General 
Hospital, Sarnia, Ontario 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 83 



REGISTERED & GRADUATE 
NURSES 


Are required to fill vacancies in a modern, centrally 
located Hospital. Tours of duty are 7:30 - 4:00, 3:30- 
12:00 and 11 :30 - 8:00. 
Salary range for Registered Nurses is $382.50 to 
$447.50 per month and for Graduate Nurses is 
$352.50 to $417.50 per month. We offer a full 
range of employee benefits and excellent working 
conditions. 
Day Care facilities for pre-school children from 3 
months to 5 years in age. 


Apply in person, or by letter to : 
Personnel Manager, 
THE RIVERDALE HOSPITAL 
St. Matthews Road, 
Toronto 8, Ontario. 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 
BROCKVILLE 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Requires 


TEACHERS 


For the recently approved two yeor curriculum with 
a third year of experience in nursing service. You 
will enjoy participating in the development of a 
progressive school which emphasizes planned leorn- 
ing experiences for the students. Theory is taught 
concurrent with clinical experience. 
Qualifications: Bachelor of Science in Nursing 
or Diploma in Nursing Education 
or Diploma in Public Heolth Nursing 
Excellent salaries and personnel policies. 
You would enjoy living in the attractive "City of 
the Thousand Islands" two and one half hours from 
Expo 67. 


For further information contact: 
The Director, School of Nursing 
BROCKVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Brockville, Ontario 


84 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


THE MONTREAL GENERAL HOSPITAL 


offers a 
6 month Advanced Course in 
Operating Room Technique and 
Management to 
REGISTERED NURSES 


with a year's Graduate experience 
in an Operating Room. 
Classes commence in September and 
March for selected classes of 
8 students 


For further information apply to : 
The Director of Nursing 


THE MONTREAL GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Montreal 25, Quebec 


DIRECTOR OF SCHOOL 
OF NURSING 


REQUIRED FOR 
DISTRICT SCHOOL OF NURSING 


Minimum Requirement - B. Sc. N., with five years 
experience. two of these in Nursing Education. 


Apply to: 


Mr. Harold Swanson, Chairman, 


BOARD OF NURSING EDUCATION 


220 Clarke Street 


WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO 


MARCH 1967 



UNITED STATES 


öTAFF NURSES - Here is the opportunity to further 
levelop your professional skills and knowledge in 
our I OOO-bed medical center. We have liberal personnel 
)olicies with premiums for evening end night tours. 
)ut nurses' residence, Icccted in the midst of 33 
ultural end educational institutions, offers low-col' 
10using adjacent fa the Hospitals. Write for our booklet 
>n nursing opportunities. Feel free to tell uS what type 
)osition you are seeking. Write: Director of Nursing, 
loom 600, University Hospitals of Cleveland, University 
:ircle, Cleveland, Ohia 44.06 15.36-1 G 


legistered Nurse (Scenic Oregon vacation play- 

round, skiing, swimming, boating & cultural 
"Vents) for 295.bed teaching unit on campus of 
Jniversity of Oregon medical school. Salary starts 
]t $575. Pay differential for nights and evenings. 


Liberal policy for advancement, vacations, sick 
leave, holidays. Apply: Multnamah Hospital, Port. 
land, Oregan. 97201. 15-38.1 


GRADUATE NURSES - Wouldn't you like to work 
at a modern 532-bed acute General Teaching Hos. 
pital where you would have: (a) unlimited oppor- 
tunities for professional growth and advancement, 
(b) tuition paid for advanced study, (c) starting 
salary of $429 per month (to those with pending 
registration as well), d) progressive personnel poli
 
cies, (e) a choice of areas? For further information, 
write or call collect: Miss Lauise Harrison, Director 
of Nursing Service, Mount Sinai Hospital, University 
Circle, Cleveland, Ohio 44106. Phone SWeetbriar 
5-6000. 15-36-1 0 


STAFF NURSES: Ta work in Extended Care or Tuber- 
culosis Unit. Live in lavely suburban Cleveland in 
2-bedroom house for $55 a month including all 


ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 


MONTREAL, QUEBEC 


POSTGRADUATE COURSES 


(a) Six month clinical course in Obstetrical Nursing. 
Classes - September and March. 
(b) Two month clinical course in Gynecological Nursing. 
Classes following the six month course in Obstetrical 
Nursing. 
(c) Eight week course in Care of the Premature Infant. 


1. 


2. 


Six month course in Operating Room Technique. 
Classes - September and March. 


3. 


Six month course in Theory and Practice in Psychiatric 
Nursing. 
Classes - September and March. 


For information and details of the courses, apply to: 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 


Montreal, P.Q. 


MARCH 1967 


utilities. Modern salary and excellent fringe benefits. 
Write Director of Nursing Service, 4310 Richmond 
Road, Cleveland, Ohio. 15.361 F 


STAFF NURSES: UniverSIty of Washington. 320-bed 
modern, expanding Teaching and Research Hospital 
located on campus offers you an opportunity to 
ioin the staff in one af the following specialties: 
Clinical Research, Premature Center, Open Heart 
Surgery, Physical Medicine, Orthopedicts, Neurosur- 
gery, Adult and Child Psychiatry in addition to 
the General Services. Salary: $501 ta $576. Unique 
benefit program includes free University courses after 
six manths. For information on opportunities, write 
to: Mrs. Ruth Fine. Director of Nursing Services, 
University Hospital, 1959 N.E. Pacific Avenue, 
Sea!!I_, Washington 98105. 15-48-20 


THE UNIVERSITY OF 
WESTERN ONTARIO 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 


announces 
FACULTY POSITIONS 
available for the follawing programmes: 
I. A Four-Year Basic Degree ProgrammE 
(B.Sc.N.) beginning in September 1966 
2. Degree Programme for Graduafe Reg. 
istered Nurses. 
3. Expanding graduate progrommes 
(M.Sc.N.). 
Enquires are invifed from qualified person! 
wha are interesfed in University teaching 
opporfunities in the School of Nursing of a 
rapidly developing Heolth Sciences Centre. 
For information write to: 
The Dean, School of Nursing 
THE UNIVERSITY OF 
WESTERN ONTARIO 
London, Canada 


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DALHOUSIE 
UNIVERSITY 


Degree Course in Basic Nursing - (B.N.) 
4 years 
A program extending OVer four calendar 
years 1100 ding to fhe Bachelor of Nursing 
degree is offered ta candidates with a 
Nova Scotia Grade XII sfanding (or equiv- 
alenf) and prepares the student for nursing 
practice in hospitals and 1he community. 
The curriculum includes studies in the 
humanities, nursing and the sciences. 


Degree Course for Registered Nurses 
(B.N.) - 3 years 


A program extending OVer three academic 
years is offered to Registered Nurses who 
wish to obtain a Bachelor of Nursing 
degree. The course includes sfudies in 
the humanifies, sciences and a nursing 
specialty. 
Diploma Courses for Registered Nurses - 
1 year 
(1) Nursing Service Adminisfrafion 
(2) Public Heolth Nursing 
(3) Teaching in Schools of Nursing 


For further information apply to: 
Director, School of Nursing 


DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 


Halifax, N.S. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 85 



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GUY'S HOSPITAL 
LONDON 
TO REGISTERED NURSES OF 
ACCREDITED SCHOOLS OF NURSING 


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If you are visiting Great Britain, why not widen your professional 
experience and consider ioining the stoff at Guy's Hospital? 
Appointmenfs for six months are offered in all Branches of general 
nursing, in fhe specialised units, and private potienfs wing. 
The furnished accommodotion is excellent and all modern facilifies 
are available. The Hospital is ideally situated for exploring London. 
Those nurses who are interesfed and would like furfher informotion, 
please wrife fo: 
The Matron, Cuy's Hospital, 
London, S. E. 1. 


giving details of your nursing training, and subsequent experience. 


UNIVERSITY OF WINDSOR 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 


FACUL TV APPOINTMENTS 


Due to changes in the program offerings in this 
School, new faculty positions are being created. A 
planned reorganization of all curricula will be imple- 
mented, and applications are invited from qualified 
faculty who are interested in assisting in the reor- 
ganization of the program. 
Applicants should have a Master's degree and be 
prepared to teach nursing at the university level. A 
doctorate is preferred. 
Academic rank will be in accordance with academic 
qualifications and professional experience. 
Salaries in this School of Nursing are in accordance 
with the university scale. Date of appointment will 
be during the summer 1967. 


Please write to: 
Miss F. M. Roach, Director, 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
University of Windsor, 
Ontario 


86 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


AN EXTENSION COURSE 
IN NURSING UNIT ADMINISTRATION 


Nurses interested in enrolling for the Extension Course 
in Nursing Unit Administration should submit their 
applications not later than June 1st, 1967. Appli- 
cations will be accepted from nurses who are en- 
gaged as assistant head nurses, head nurses or 
supervisors and who are unable to attend a univer- 
sity school of nursing. Directors of nursing in small 
hospitals may also apply. 
The course begins with a five-day workshop in Sep- 
tember, followed by a seven month period of home- 
study. A final five-day workshop will be held in 
May 1968. 
The Extension Course in Nursing Unit Administration 
is jointly sponsored by the Canadian Nurses' Associa- 
tion and the Canadian Hospital Association. 


Information and application forms may be obtained 
by writing to: 
Director, 
EXTENSION COURSE IN NURSING UNIT ADMINISTRATION 


25 Imperial Street 
Toronto 7, Ontario 


MARCH 1967 



HOYER 


HYDRAULIC 
PATIENT LIFTER 


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TED HOYER & COMPANY, INC. 
Dept. CN, 2222 Minnesota St., Oshkosh, Wis. 


--. 


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CHASE 
HOSPITAL 
DOLLS 
For demonstrating and practicing the 
newest nursing techniques - lavage and 
gavage - tracheotomy and colostomy, 
and their post-operation care - nasal 
and otic irrigations - catheterization and 
all abdominal irrigations - subcutane- 
ous, intramuscular and intradermal injec- 
tions - and all standard nursing procedures. 
Let us tell you about the new features we 
have added to this world-famous teaching 
aid. Write to 
M. J. CHASE Co. Inc. 156 Broadway 
Pawtucket Rhode Island 


riARCH 1967 


Index 
to 
advertisers 
March 1967 


Abbott Laboratories Ltd. 
American Sterilizer Co. 
Ames Company of Canada, Ltd. .. 
The British Drug Houses (Canada) Ltd. 
Brown Shoe Company of Canada, Ltd. 
Canadian Tampax Corporation Limited 
Canadian University Service Overseas 
Charles E. Frosst & Co. 
M. W. Chase Co, Inc. 
Hollister Ltd. 
Ted Hoyer & Company Inc, 
W. J. Gage & Co. Ltd. 
Lakeside Laboratories (Canada) Ltd. 
Lewis-Howe Company (Turns) 
J. B. Lippincott Co. of Canada Ltd. 
C. V. Mosby Co, 
Parke, Davis & Company, Ltd. 
J. T. Posey Company 
Poulcnc Limited 
Reeves Company 
Savage Shoes Limited 
Uniforms Registered 
White Sister Uniform Inc. 
Winley-Morris Company Ltd. 


Advertising 
Manager 
Ruth H. Baumel, 
The Canadian Nurse 
50 The Driveway, 
Ottawa 4, Ontario 
Advertising Representatives 
Richard P. Wilson, 
219 East Lancaster Avenue, 
Ardmore, Penna. 19003 
Vanco Publications, 
170 The Donway West, 
Suite 408, Don Mills, Onto 
Member of Canadian 
Circulation Audit Board Inc. 


59 
20 
Cover IV 
10 
12, 58 
5 
52 
15 
87 
14 
87 
23 
9 
56 
24, 25 
1 
2 
57 
6 
55 
17 
Cover III 
Cover II 
56 


BæI:J 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 87 



PROVINCIAL ASSOCIA nONS OF REGISTERED NURSES 


Alberta 
Alberta Association of Registered Nurses. 
10256 - 112 St., Edmonton. 
Pres.: F. M. Moore; Past Pres.: M. Schuma- 
cher; Vice-Pres.: G. Purcell, Sister Ann 
Marie. Georgia Nobles. Committees-Nurs- 
ing Ser
'ice: May Parker; Nursing Education: 
Eileen Jameson. Executive Secretary: H. Sa- 
bin: Regis/rar: D. J. Price. 


British Columbia 
Registered Nurses' Association of British 
Columbia. 2130 West 12th Avenue, Vancou- 
ver 9. 
Pres.: M. Lunn; Past Pres.: A. George; Vice- 
Pres.: I. Norrington; Hon. Sec.: 1. Jamieson. 
COlllmittees - Nursing Education: R. Cun- 
ningham; Public Relations: N. Fieldhouse; 
Nursing Service: E. Williamson; Social & 
Ec. Welfare: P. Wadsworth; Legislation & 
By-Laws: M. Campbell. Executive Secretary: 
E. S. Graham; Registrar: F. McQuarrie. 


Manitoba 
Manitoba Association of Registered Nurses, 
247 Balmoral St., Winnipeg 1. 
Pres.: Helen P. Glass; Past Pres.: M. E. 
Wilson; Vice-Pres.: L. McGinnis, M. Nugent. 
Committees-Nursing Service: Unnur Brown; 
Nursing Education: K. McLaughlin; Public 
Relations: Pearl Marcombe; Legislation: M. 
Nugent. Executive Secretary and Registrar: 
M. E. Cameron. 


New Brunswick 
New Brunswick Association of Registered 
Nurses. 231 Saunders St., Fredericton. 
Pres.: K. Wright; Past Pres.: M. J. Anderson; 
Vice-Pres.: A. Estabrooks, I. Leckie; Hon. 
Sec.: Sister Florence Darrah. Committees- 
Social & Ec. Welfare: C. Bannister; Nursing 
Education: A. Thorne; Nursing Senoice: A. 
E
tabrooks: Finance: K. MacLaggan; Legis- 
lation: M. MacLachlan; Public Relations: 
Irene Rumsey. Executive Secretary: G. Her- 
mann; Regi.rtrar: L. Gladney. 


Newfoundland 
Association of Registered Nurses of New- 
foundland. 95 Le Marchand Rd., St. John's. 
Pres.: J. Story; Past Pres.: J. Lewis; Vice- 
Pres.: D. Pinsem. M. Marsh, Helen Penney. 
COlllmittees - Nursing Education: Sr. M. 
Xaverius; Nursing Senice: E. Kelly; Legis- 
lation & By-Laws: V. Ruelokke; Finance: 
M. Marsh; RegiMration: r. Winsor; Puh/ic 
Relations: B. Coady. Executi
'e Secretary: 
P. Laracy. 


Nova Scotia 
Registered Nurses' Association of Nova 
Scotia, 6035 Coburg Rd., Halifax. 
88 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Pres.: P. Lyttle; Past Pres.: H. Mack; Vice- 
Pres.: J. Church, E. Purdy. Committees- 
Nursing Education: Sister Marie Barbara; 
Nursing Sen'ice: Rose Jenkins; Social & Ec. 
Welfare: Sister Thomas Joseph. Executil'c 
Secretary: Nancy Watson. 


Ontario 
Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario, 
33 Price Street. Toronto 5. 
Pres.: E. Geiger; Past Pres.: E. M. Sewell; 
Vice-Pres.: Albert W. Wedgery, L E. Butler. 
Committees - Finance: Norma Marossi; 
Legislation & By-Laws: Albert W. Wedgery; 
Nursing Education: E. M. Sewell; Nursing 
Sen'ice: M. L. Peart; Public Relations: D. E. 
Markle; Socio-Economic Welfare: Laura E. 
Butler. Preridents: Dist. 1. J. O. Shack; 2. 
M. L. Johnson; 3, N. Marossi; 4, I. Kay; 
5, M. L. Ashton; 6, V. B. Duffy; 7, C 
Blacklock; 8, D. R. Starr; 9, R. McNulty; 
10, L E. Butler; II, M. L. Langstaff; 12. G. 
V. Koivu. Executi
'e Secretary: Laura Barr. 


Prince Edward Island 
Association of Nurses of PrinCe Edward 
Island, 188 Prince St., Charletown. 
Pres.: Sr. M. Hennina; Past Pres.: Alice 
Trainor; Pres. Elect: C. Corbett, 2nd Vice- 
Pres.: C. Gordon. Committees - Nursing 
Education: M. Murphy; Nursing Service: Sr. 
Marie Monica; Public Relations: M. Babi- 
neau; FiTUl1lce: A. Trainor; Legislation & 
By-Laws: Katherine MacLennan; Social & 
Ec. Welfare: G. MacDonald. Executive Se- 
cretary-Registrar: Helen L. Bolger. 


Quebec 
The Association of Nurses of the Province 
of Quebec, 4200 Dorchester Blvd. West, 
Montreal 6. 
Pres.: G. Jacobs; Vice-Pres.: (Eng.) J. M. 
Gilchrist. J. MacMillan; (Fr.) M. Jalbert, J. 
Monfette; Hon. Tres.: F. M. Allan; Hon. 
Sec.: O. Gareau. Committees-Nursing Edu- 
cation: A. I. MacLeod, Sr. B. Lesage; 
Nursing Senoice: R. Dayon, T. Beliveau; 
Labor Relations: E. C. Flanagan, G. Hotte. 
Secretary-Registrar: Helena F. Reimer. 


Saskatchewan 
Saskatchewan Registered Nurses' Associa- 
tion, 2066 Retallack St., Regina. 
Pres.: V. Spencer; Past Pres.: M. Crawford; 
Vice-Pres.: A. Gunn, Sr. Mary Rufina. Com- 
mittees-Nursing Education: K. Dier; Nurs- 
ing Service: B. Hailstone; Chapters and 
Public Rehlliolls: Dolores Ast; Social & Ec. 
Welfare: C. Boyko; Legislation and By-Laws: 
A. Gunn; Finance: V. Spencer. Execllth'e 
Secretary-Registrar: Grace Motta. 


CANADIAN 


h 

 


NURSES' 


ASSOCIA nON 


Board of Directors 


President 
President-Elect Sister M. Felicitas 
1st Vice-President E. Louise Miner 
2nd Vice- 
President... Marguerite Schumacher 
Representative of Nursing 
Sisterhoods SIster T. Castonguay 
Chairman of Committee of Social & 
Economic Welfare Evelyn E. Hood 
Chairman of Committee on Nursing 
Service .. Margaret D. McLean 
Chairman of Committee on Nursing 
Education .. Kathleen E. Arpin 


AARN 
RNABC 
MARN 
NBARN 
ARNN 
RNANS 
RNAO 
ANPEI 
ANPQ 
SRNA 


Frances M. Moore, President 
M. Lunn, President 
H. P. Glass, President 
K. Wright, President 
Janet S. Story, President 
Phyllis J. Lyttle, President 
Elsbeth Geiger, President 
Sister M. Hermina, President 
G. Jacobs, President 
Vera L. Spencer, President 


National Office 


Executive 
Director 


Helen K. Mussallem 


Associate Executive 
Director Lillian E. Pettigrew 
General Manager Ernest Van Raalte 


Research and Ad1'isory Services: 


Director 
Education 
Service 


Lois Graham-Cumming 
Margaret Steed 
Frances Howard 


Socio-Economic 
Welfare Glenna S. Rowsell 


Library . Margaret L. Parkin 


Information Services: 


Public Relations 


June I. Ferguson 


Editor, The Canadian 
Nurse Virginia A. Lindabury 
Editor. L'infirmière 
canadienne Claire Bigué 


MARCH 1967 



April1967 


U
IV2JSITY OF OTTAVA 
SCilLOL OF NURSING 
OTíAiIIA. Ol't';:. 


I2-68-Q-L-I04_D 


The 
,Can ad ian 
Nurse 
. 


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nursing station at Expo 67 
public health in Jerusalem 
fight agai nst cancer 
nursing education 
in Saskatchewan 


expo 67 
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GRACEFULL Y 
PROFESSIONAL 
FROM 


1887 


WH ITE SISrER 
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The professional look is the shift shown here 
1 " 
#5790 in our own' ''R.f!yate a Fortrel & Nylon Tricot Knit at $14.98 
,,/:' .,. 
#5760 in our own eJaprlCe a Fortrel & Cotton intimate blend at $13.9, 
both styles are available in sizes 6-16, short sleeves only 


1 " 
Featuring 2 of White Sister's most beautiful new uniform fabrics The very finest in Fortrel & Nylon "
ate 
Tricot Knits, and" Gaprice ' · a Luxurious 65/35 intimate Blend of Fortrel & Cotton in an exquisite Bengaline weave 
Sanitized for your protection 



RTRE
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aEL aiL CONTEMPORARY FIBRE 
CEl-C/l FIBRES LIMITED 


This and many more exquisite White Sister luxury professionals are available at 
fine uniform shops and department stores everywhere. 
For the store nearest you. write: 



WJ). 

 
 



 
expo67 


For its 
centennial p. 
White Sister 
co-sponsorir 
signiticant M 
his health pa 
and Its very ( 
"Nurses Staf 
exhibit 


WH ITE SISTER 


. REG"O CAN. TAl. 


WHITE SISTER UNIFORM INC., 70 Mount Royal West, Montreal, Que. 




eiffiãssa e* 
Mi. _...ntl 00dy __ 
 
c:5Ø LAKESIDE LABORATORIES (CANADA) LTD. 

 64 Colgate Avenue. Toronto e. Ontario 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 1 



 


your 
Own 
llands: 


. 



 


soft testimony to your patients' comfort 


Your own hands are testimony to Dermassage's effectiveness. Applied by your 
soft , practiced hands, Dermassage alleviates your patient's minor skin irritations 
and discomfort. It adds a welcome, soothing touch to tender, sheet-burned 
skin; relieves dryness, itching and cracking. . . aids in preventing decubitus 
ulcers, In short, Dermassage is "the topical tranquilizer". , , it relaxes the patient 
. , , helps make his hospital stay more pleasant. 
You will like Dermassage for other reasons, too. A body rub with it saves your time 
and energy. Massage is gentle, smooth and fast. You needn't follow-up with 
talcum and there is no greasiness to clean away, It won't stain or soil linens or 
bed-clothes. You can easily make friends with Dermassage-send for a sample! 


Now available in new, 16 ounce plastic container with convenient flip-top closure. 








. 


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APRIL 1967 



 


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SOME STYlES ALSO AVAILABLE IN COLORS... SOME STYLES 3)1'-12 AAAA.f. 16.95 to $21.95 


For a complimentary pair of white shoelaces, folder showing all the smart Clinic styles, and list of stores selling them, write: 


THE CLINIC SHOEMAKERS e 
2 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


APRIL 1967 



The 
Canadian 
Nurse 


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A monthly journal for the nurses of Canada published 
in English and French editions by the Canadian Nurses' Association 


Volume 63, Number 4 


April 1967 


27 Editorial... 


28 Nursing Station at Expo 67 


" H. K. Mussallem 


Linda Long 


30 Tomorrow's Nursing Education in Saskatchewan 


Rebecca Bergman 


34 From Communication to Coordination . 


37 Current Status of Cancer Chemotherapy 


41 Regional Cancer Chemotherapy " 


44 The Fight Against Cancer 


I. W. D. Henderson 


Pamela Edwards 


Mace Mair 


The views expressed in the various articles are the views of the authors and do not 
necessarily represent the policies or views of the Canadian Nurses' Association. 


4 Letters 25 New Products 
7 News 47 In a Capsule 
20 Names 48 Books 
23 Dates 50 Films 


Cover Photo: "Style Centennial," the specially-designed uniform to be worn in the 
nurses' exhibit at Expo 67. Courtesy of White Sister Uniform, Inc. 


Executive Director: Heten K. Mussallem . 
Editor: Vtrgtnla A. Ltndabury . Assistant 
Editor: Glennls N. ZlIm . Editorial Assistant: 
Carla D. Penn . Circulation Manager: Pler- 
rette Hotte . Advertising Manager: Ruth H. 
Baumel . Subscription Rates: Canada: One 
Year, S4.50; two years, SB.OO. Foreign: One 
Year, $5.00; two years, $9.00. Single copies: 
50 cents each. Make cheques or money orders 
payabte 10 The Canadian Nurse. Change of 
Address: Fûur weeks' notice and the old 
address as well as the new are necessary. Not 
responsibte for journals tost in mail due to 
errors in address. 

 Canadian Nurses' Association. 1966 


Manuscript Information: "The Canadian 
Nurse" welcomes unsoticited articles. All 
manuscripts should be typed, double-spaced, 
on one side of unruled paper leaving wide 
margins. Manuscripts are accepted for review 
for exclusive pubtication. The editor reserves 
the right to make the usuat editorial changes. 
Photographs (gtossy prints) and graphs and 
diagrams (drawn in india ink on white pal'er) 
are welcomed with such articles. The editor 
is not committed to publish all articles sent, 
nor to indicate defimte dates of publication. 
Authorized as Second-Class Mail by the Post 
Office Department, Ottawa, and for payment 
of postage in cash. Postpaid at Montreal. 
Return Postage Guaranteed. 50 The Driveway, 
Ottawa 4. Ontario. 


Statistics released recently by 
National Health and Welfare show 
that only 1,000,000 Canadians 
have been persuaded to stop smoking. 
Apparently another 2,500,000 tried 
to stop and couldn't, and a further 
3,000,000 didn't even try. 
These figures are disappointing 
considering the time and money 
expended by the Department in its 
campaign against smoking. 
Every conceivable form of 
propaganda on the dangers of 
smoking has been issued by the 
Department. The average smoker, 
even with one eye shut and the other 
closed, cannot escape this deluge 
of information that reminds him, 
daily, of the disturbingly high 
correlation between smoking and lung 
cancer, smoking and heart disease, 
and smoking and emphysema. 
Yet he continues to puff away, 
undaunted by the fear of disease. 
The time has come for all 
organizations involved in this 
campaign to shift into high gear. 
The educational phase has been 
completed; the next step is to find 
ways and means to help persons 
break the habit. 
In many cities in the United States, 
one-week programs are offered to 
persons who need help to stop 
smoking. The fact that most of these 
programs are oversubscribed attests 
to their popularity. Moreover, 
follow-up studies have proven these 
programs to be effective. 
In Canada, little help is available 
to smokers who wish to stop. 
And for most smokers, "will power" 
is insufficient to get them over the 
first hurdle. They need support, 
as well as psychologically-sound 
measures to help them overcome 
the habit. 
A cutback in the number of 
expensive brochures being published, 
more emphasis on research, and an 
increase in action would get the 
campaign into high gear. - Editor. 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 3 


PRIL 1967 



letters 


{ 


Letters to the editor are welcome. 
Only signed letters will be considered for publication 
Name will be withheld at the writer's request. 


"Accent provocative" 
Dear Editor: 
I realize you encourage professionalism 
in your magazine, but after seeing the ad- 
vertisement on the inside back cover of 
your February issue, I wonder which pro- 
fession it is you're encouraging. 


It shows a picture of a pretty girl wear- 
ing white high heels (I understand this 
isn't exactly standard in hospitals) and the 
message on the ad says, "accent provoc- 
ative." Quick, get me to a hospital! 
Raymond Fraser, Montreal, P.Q. 


USSR Seminar 
Dear Editor: 
I would like to acknowledge the receipt 
of the February issue of THE CANADIAN 
NURSE in which there is a very interesting 
article by Dr. H.K. Mussallem on her 
recent trip to the USSR. We sent the copy 
of your magazine to the Department of 
Public Health in Moscow. - A. Makarov, 
First Secretary, USSR Embassy. 


Dear Editor: 
I congratulate Dr. H.K. Mussallem on 
her article "A Glimpse of Nursing in the 
USSR" (February, 1967). Her "thumb- 
nail sketch of observations" provided an 
excellent picture of the Travelling Seminar 
on Nursing in the USSR last October. 
Thanks are due to Dr. Mussallem for 
the continuous contributions she is making 
to the nursing profession. - H. F. Naudett, 
Administratrix, Trenton Memorial Hospital, 
Trenton, Ontario. 


Journal like "refresher course" 
Dear Editor: 
I must congratulate you on the educ- 
ational material that appears every month 
in this magazine. It is like a "refresher 
course" for those of us who are not employ- 
ed in the hospital today. 


The article, "Nursing in the Armed 
Forces" (November, 1966) was most in- 
formative for those who have never served 
in one of the medical branches. 


Two letters published recently about 
nurse-patient relations have aroused some 
thoughts. I am sure that at some time we 
all have been guilty of neglect when it 
came to reassuring the patient who ex- 
periences fear for the first time in the 
4 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


operating, labor, or case room. 
To eliminate such accusations from the 
patient, doctors and nurses should have a 
good line of communication and under- 
standing between themselves and the pa- 
tients. If we cannot be nurses in the true 
sense of the word, then we should not be 
surprised to see "nursing robots" pressed 
into service in the near future. The patient 
would probably prefer this type of nurse 
to a human one who cannot take or "make" 
the time to act human. 
It is not the fault of the schools of 
nursing; it is the individual who decides 
in the end the type of nurse she is going 
to be. Maybe after she has been a patient 
she will change for the better and show 
consideration for those in her care. - 
(Mrs.) Helen E. Gordon, Fort St. John, 
British Columbia. 


Men in nursing 
Dear Editor: 
I have just read the article on male 
nurses (June, 1966) - my first copy was 
lost in the mail. It may take time, but I 
believe men will be accepted in nursing. 
Think of how the public, doctors, and 
even nurses resented the woman doctor. 
Now she is accepted, or almost, as equal to 
the male doctor. 
If we had more male nurses it might pre- 
vent the neglect of maternity patients that 
a reader complained about (November, 
1966). This neglect happens all too often. 
The maternity patient has no alternative but 
to enter hospital. Doctors will not take 
a house case, and what nurse would or 
could take a private case? With male 
nurses there would not be the shortage of 
nurses, and patients could receive better 
care. - (Mrs.) Esther E. Cook, Manitoba. 


University programs 
Dear Editor: 
Please forgive my procrastination in ex- 
pressing my thanks for the very satisfactory 
piece of work that you did on the Canadian 
University Schools of Nursing (December, 
1966) . 


The layout was very interesting and I 
believe that you grasped the essence of the 
programs of the various schools, their phi- 
losophy and objectives, quite satisfactorily. 
It was interesting to note the aspects various 
directors emphasized. No doubt this issue 
will be helpful to many nurses throughout 


Canada who are always a bit puzzled ov 
the programs of the various universi 
schools. - E.A. Electa MacLennan, dire 
tor, Dalhousie University School of NUl 
ing, Halifax, N.S. 


Dear Editor: 
Readers will be interested in certa 
amendments made in the admission r 
quirement to the University of Toron 
School of Nursing. These will be effecti' 
in the 1967-1968 session. 
I. Graduate nurse students enrolled 
the degree course no longer have to cor 
plete the prerequisite in psychiatric nursin 
2. The maturity clause referred to 
your article (Dec. 1966, p. 42) has bee 
revised and, commencing with the 196 
1968 session, students of 25 years of aJ 
may request special consideration if the 
have not completed the published admi 
sion requirements. These applicants w 
be required to have standing in at least OJ 
Grade 13 subject. - Helen M. Carpente 
director, University of Toronto School I 
Nursing. 


Growl at "grumps" 
Dear Editor: 
Excuse this informal note but I car 
resist a growl at the "grumps" lett 
(February, 1966). You are putting out I 
interesting magazine! Thank you for tl 
good work. - Amanda Sloane, Denve. 
Colorado. 


Article sparks punster 
Dear Editor: 
Holy veterinarian, bat-nurse! 
If you'll forgive me for sounding caU 
rm sure that the article "Deserter 
People" (March, 1967, p. 4S} didn't me; 
to imply that nurses are for the birds. . 
that nursing is going to the dogs. 
The editors èlre as wise as owls to featu 
some articles on the lighter side of nursin 
Please keep busy as bees producing a jou 
nal that makes Canadian nurses as proud 
peacocks - G. Norens. Ontario. 


Scholarship offered 
Dear Editor, 
The Regina General Hospital School 
Nursing Alumnae is offering a yearly sch 
larship of $500 to active members of tl 
Alumnae, for postgraduate study in aJ 
university school of nursing. Applicants mu 
be actively engaged in nursing and registen 
APRIL 19t. 



in Saskatchewan. Completed applications 
must be received by May 1st. Application 
corm and further information may be ob- 
lained from: (Mrs.) Margaret Klassen, 
chairman. Scholarship Committee, 2 Lan- 
gley. Regina. Saskatchewan. 


Will donate journal collection 
Dear Editor, 
I have a complete collection of THE 
CANADIAN NURSE journals from May, 1958, 
10 the present. Because of the bulk and 
weight of this collection. I am unable to 
:ontinue storing these valuable journals. 
I would like to donate the collection in 
its entirety to any school of nursing lib- 
rary that may require it. - (Mrs.) B. Orieux, 
Box 689, Drayton Valley. Alberta. 


Finds journal dull 
Dear Editor, 
It is with considerable mlsglVlng that I 
renew my subscription to your magazine, 
since I find it rather dull and unchallenging. 
I had great hopes for a more vital and 
interesting journal with the changes in 
format a few years ago. Unfortunately, the 
change was only in format - the same 
tired articles still appear. Certainly in this 
time of ferment and change in the nursing 
situation one expects this to be reflected 
in the official journal. However, this is 
not the case. 
I will continue with the French edition. 
If I am not to be stimulated on nursing 
topics, at least I can keep up with my 
French. - (Mrs.) L.S. McCullogh, Victoria, 
B.C. 


Articles to be reprinted 
Dear Editor: 
I have just read two articles in your pub- 
lication which interested me greatly: "LSD 
25 and related substances," by Dr. H. War- 
nes, and "Recent Advances in Heart Sur- 
gery," by Drs. Grondin and Meere. 
As Editor of the Bulletin of the Canadian 
Association of Medical Record Librarians, 
I am writing to obtain your permission to 
reprint these articles in issues of our publica- 
tion. If you would be kind enough to agree 
to this, I would be most appreciative. 
Joy Dunkley, R.R.L., Toronto, Ont. 


Dear Editor, 
The January, 1967 journal contains three 
articles that I consider could be of great 
interest to nurses in this State. I would be 
most grateful if you would permit me to use 
the following articles in the Queensland 
Nurses Journal: 1. "Intensive care unit in 
cardiovascular surgery," by C. Boisvert, 2. 
"Nursing Care in varicose vein surgery," by 
M. Rodrigue, and 3. "Varicose veins of the 
lower limbs," by Dr. Dionne. - B. Schultz, 
Executive Secretary, Royal Australian Nurs- 
ing Federation (Queensland Branch), Aus- 
tralia. 0 
APRIL 1967 


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APRIL 1967 



news 


How to Solve a Problem 
Getting problems solved is a problem. 
However. directors and assistant directors 
of nursing service will get some aid in ways 
to work through a problem at special re- 
gional workshops to be held this spring. 
The Canadian Nurses' Association is 
sponsoring four-day workshops to stimulate 
direçtors and assistant directors of nursing 
to use the problem-solving approach in 
administration. 
This method. used for years in industry 
and business, breaks down the problem into 
steps. each of which can be further divided 
and treated separately. Main steps involve: 
recognition of the real problem (not just 
its manifestations); examination of all fac- 
tors: finding possible solutions and deciding 
on the most useful; and implementation 
of the plan and its final evaluation. 
At the Atlantic workshop (Halifax. April 
11-14) Mr. G.A. Hillier, industrial rela- 
tions officer, Nova Scotia Light and Power 
Corporation, will be chief speaker and dis- 
cussion leader. He will also serve as con- 
sultant to delegates when they break into 
smaller work and discussion groups. Miss 
Joan M. Gilchrist, assistant professor, School 
for Graduate Nurses, McGill, will deliver 
the opening address. Her topic will be 
"Nursing Service: Today's Dilemmas." Mrs. 
A. Isobel MacLeod, director of nursing, 
Montreal General Hospital, will give the 
final address. 
At the Pacific workshop (Vancouver, May 
2-5) Dr. Larry Moore, assistant professor, 
Faculty of Commerce and Business Ad- 
ministration, University of British Columbia. 
will be the chief speaker. discussion leader, 
and consultant. Miss Madge McKilIop, as- 
sistant administrator of nursing, University 
Hospital. Saskatoon, will deliver the opening 
dddress. Miss Kathleen Dier, assistant pro- 
fessor of nursing, University of Saskatoon. 
will give the closing address. 
Miss Frances Howard. CNA consultant 
in nursing service, is in charge of the work- 
shops. 


Out of respect for the memory 
of His Excellency, Governor- 
General Georges P. Vanier, the 
Official Opening of the Head- 
quarters of the Canadian Nurses' 
Association has been postponed 
untll September, 1967. 


APRIL 1967 


CNA Board Appoints President 



. 


"- 


I 


1 '" 

 
.-. 
--- -- 
- -- 


-#' 


e 


Sister Mary Felicitas was appointed President of the Canadian Nurses' Asso- 
ciation at the biannual Board of Directors meeting March 15 to 17, 1967. 
The new President will serve for the balance of the term that would have been 
served by Dr. Katherine E. MacLaggan who died in February. Sister Mary 
Felicitas, elected Pr.esident-elect by acclamation at the CNA 33rd General 
Meeting in July, 1966, is Director of the School of Nursing at St. Mary's 
Hospital, Montreal. She is a graduate of Providence Hosptal, Moose Jaw, 
Saskatchewan, and holds a B.Sc. degree from the University of Ottawa, and 
an M.Sc. from the Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. 


World Health Day 
World Health Day, April 7. marks the 
anniversary of the establishment of the 
world Health Organization in 1948. Each 
year on World Health Day, WHO uses a 
theme to draw attention to a health ques- 
tion important to the world. 
For 1967. the theme is "Partners in 
Health." It calIs attention to career oppor- 
tunities in health and to the world's serious 

hortage of health personnel. 
.'When we look at the state of the world's 
health. at the progress which has been made 
and the difficulties yet to be overcome, says 
Dr. M. G. Candau, director-general of 
WHO, "it is clear that the scarcity of 
trained manpower for the health services is 
an urgent problem almost everywhere - 
especially in the developing countries." 


"The progress of medical science has 
made teamwork an essential feature of all 
health care," according to Dr. Candau. 
The day of the solitary research worker 
or the single-handed physician providing 
every form of medical care for his patients 
has indeed passed. 
"The team is the most efficient instru- 
ment for combining the efforts of health 
workers with different skills and experience 
for the greater benefit of the individual 
patient, or for the health care of the com- 
munity. 
"Teams vary in size and complexity. They 
range from the group of a dozen highly 
specialized individuals performing the 
amazing operations of heart surgery, to 
the three or four health workers with sim- 
ple skills who, based on a rural health post, 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 7 



news 


100" after the heahh needs of a widely- 

pread population of 5,000 or more. 
"Each of these two teams - so different 
in training and interests - is composed of 
individuals who share a single purpose. 
They are partners in a common undertaking, 
and on World Health Day 1967 these "Part- 
ners in Health" are justly honored." 


"Instant" Librariansl 
Non-professional librarians working in 
schools of nursing will receive assistance 
from workshops sponsored by the Cana- 
dian Nurses' Association. A program has 
been drafted and individual subject out- 
lines are in preparation. It is expected that 
the first workshop will be held in August 
or September, 1967. 


"The workshop cannot produce 'instant' 
librarians, but will outline the elements of 
library organization and service, and assist 
non-professional personnel to direct their 
efforts to provide better service," says Mar- 


garet Parkin, CNA Librarian and consultant 
for the workshops. 
As nursing education gradually moves 
out of hospital schools into the general 
education system, nursing library facilities 
will probably become part of collections of 
heahh science literature. Hospitals also 
will tend to centralize library facilities for 
medical, nursing, dietary, therapy, and other 
staffs. 
Provision of these central library facilities 
will help to overcome problems, such as 
depth and range of the materials, now faced 
in small nursing collections. Users will 
have access to larger and better collections, 
and. at the same time, nursing sections will 
be larger and better covered as the total 
nursing budget will be directed to nursing 
materials. The institutional library may also 
be able to afford professional librarians to 
organize material and provide service. 
"These centralized services are still in the 
future, however," says Miss Parkin. "The 
present workshops aim to help in the exist- 
ing situation. Good library services are es- 
sential to quality nursing education, re- 
search, and practice, and we must do our 
best to provide them under present condi- 
tions of staff and budgets." 


Macmillan Award Winner for 1966 


I 


-. 
. ., 


- 


Joan Kathleen Oswald, a third-year student at St. Joseph's School of Nursing in Vic- 
toria, B.C., is first-prize winner of the Macmillan Comprehensive Nursing Care Studies 
Competition for 1966. The theme of her study was "Care of a Patient witll Aneurysm 
of the Internal Carotid." She is congratulated by Sister Mary Ronalda, Director 
of St. Joseph's School of Nursing. Second-prize winner was Rochelle Sirois, a student 
at the Edmonton General Hospital School of Nursing. The Competition, sponsored for 
the past 12 years by The Macmillan Company of Canada, ended December 31, 1966. 


8 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Ad Hoc Committee 
on Accreditation Meets 
Accreditation for Canadian nursing school
 
- Who would do it? What would it cost? 
When could it start? Is it really practical? 
These are the questions facing the Ad 
Hoc Committee on Accreditation appointed 
for the ] 966-68 Biennium by the Board 01 
Directors of the Canadian Nurses' Associa- 
tion. The first meeting of the Committee, 
under chairman Sister Denise Lefebvre, was 
held at CNA House late in February. The 
six members reviewed past activities that 
led to the committee's establishment and 
have prepared recommendations to go be- 
fore the Board at its mid-March meeting. 
Terms of reference as laid down by the 
Board ask the committee to blueprint the 
technical aspects of accreditation. 


Nursing Homes Institute 
Hears New Regulations 
Reading of the new regulations, spelling 
out the requirement of the Nursing Homes 
Act passed by the Ontario legislature last 
June, provided a dramatic finish to the 
Institute on Nursing Home Care held Feb- 
ruary 2]-22 in Toronto. 
Dr. Norman Angel, physician in charge 
of the chronic care program of the Depart- 
ment of Health (Ontario) told delegates to 
the two-day meeting that the new Regula- 
tions aim to provide an even level of care 
across the province. The department of 
health will now license all nursing homes. 
The new Regulations provide minimal 
standards, and are particularly concerned 
with fire safety, sleeping accommodation ar- 
rangements (including space, light, venti- 
lation), advisory medical and dental supervi- 
sion, and quality and quantity of nursing care. 
The Regulations, which had been tabled 
by the government just prior to the meeting, 
were read to delegates as there had not 
been sufficient time to have copies published. 
Walter Lyons, associate administrator of 
the Baycrest Hospital and Jewish Home for 
the Aged, Toronto, was Keynote speaker. 
"It is the staff, and not the residents, who set 
the tone in an institution," he said. "If the 
institution is clean, quiet, orderly and deadly 
boring, it is not because the residents or 
patients need it that way or bring it about." 
Demonstrations on patient reactivation, 
discussions and symposiums on medication 
and dental problems among the aged, liabil- 
ity insurance, hospital-nursing home relation- 
ships, and the role of registered nurses in 
nursing homes were also part of the ] 967 
Institute. 
Co-sponsors of the second annual insti- 
tute were the Associated Nursing Homes 
Incorporated of Ontario, the Registered 
Nurses' Association of Ontario, the Ontario 
Dental Association, the Ontario Hospital 
Association, the Ontario Medical Association, 
and the Ontario Welfare Council. 


APRIL 1%7 



news 


Collective Bargaining 
Coast to Coast 
At the Canadian Nurses' Association So- 
cial and Economic Welfare Committee meet- 
ing held in Ottawa February 27-28, seven 
provindal nurses' associations reported that 
some 176 units are now bargaining collec- 
tively for their members. 
From British Columbia, where the 
RNABC has been the collective bargaining 
agent for its members for over 20 years, to 
New Brunswick, where the NBARN recently 
participated in voluntary negotiations with 
the government for the first time, collective 
bargaining is gaining momentum across the 
nation. 
A 1966 amendment to the Alberta Regis- 
tered Nurses' Act allows the AARN to act 
as bargaining agent for its members. 
In Saskatchewan. where nurses have .no 
collective bargaining rights, the SRNA has 
drafted a nurses' collective bargaining bill 
for presentation to the provincial legislature. 
Over 1,200 Ontario nurses, with assistance 
from the RNAO, are now organized for col- 
lective bargaining. 
In Quebec, over 6,000 French-speaking 
nurses are members of bargaining units and 
two new groups of nurses have recently 
been formed. one under the aegis of Dis- 
tric II ANPQ. 
NBARN negotiated a 20 percent salary 
increase for New Brunswick nurses in March 
1967, raising the starting salaries of gen- 
eral staff nurses from $3,720 to $4.476 an- 
nually by 1968. 
The ANPEI held a collective bargaining 
workshop in January and will distribute ma- 
terial at the district level to pave the way 
for collective bargaining in Prince Edward 
Island. 


Campaign Against Measles 
A mass immunization campaign against 
measles is currently underway by the Sas- 
katchewan Department of Public Health. 
Started in October, 1966, the program 
was originally offered to all children bet- 
ween one and three years. The age group 
was extended to all preschoolers in Decem- 
ber. 
Only one injection is required. Measles 
Virus Vaccine, Live, Attenuated (Schwartz 
Strain) is used. Children may experience 
febrile reactions and general malaise, but 
serious side effects are rare. 
As the majority of children over one 
year have previously had immunization 
against diptheria, pertussis. tetanus, polio, 
and smallpox, the measles vaccine is usual- 
ly given alone, but there is no contraindica- 
APRIL 1967 


A 


--' 


\ 


Chairman of the Committee on Social and Economic Welfare, Evelyn Hood (right), and 
Ontario Committee member, Margaret R. Page, take a few minutes during a coffee break 
to compare provincial labnr lef?islatioll. The Committee met in Ottawa February 27-28. 


tion to giving DPT and measles vaccine 
together. 
"The Saskatchewan Department of Pub- 
lic Health recommends that all children 
who have not had measles should receive 
the vaccine," says Miss E. Louise Miner. 
director, nursing division. 
The Saskatchewan program is believed 
to be the only one in Canada at the present 
time. 


laval Opens School of Nursing 
Laval University has announced the es- 
tablishment of a university program in 
nursing. 
The school will be known as "L'école 
des sciences infirmières." and for the pre- 
sent will be under the faculty of medicine. 
It will offer a bachelor program com- 
mencing in September 1967 and from Sep- 
tember 1968, a master's program. 
The bachelor's program will take three 
years (six semesters). Practical experience 
under the direction of the school will be 
integrated throughout the course. The pro- 
gram will include courses given in other 
departments of the University. 
The master's program will prepare can- 
didates for specialization in the clinical 
field. It will take two years. Doctoral pro- 
grams will be determined later. 
Candidates interested in teaching will take 
courses in educational psychology offered 
by the college of education. 
The number of candidates will be limited. 
Those who wish to enter the baccalaure- 
ate program must have a diploma from an 
institute or general college with prerequisite 
options suited to nursing, or equivalent 
preparation. Specific options will be decided 


by the school based on the institute pro- 
grams when the latter are known (April 
1967 at the latest). Diploma nurses must 
make up any required subjects, based on 
individual evaluation of their applications. 
Candidates for the master's degree must 
possess a bachelor of science in nursing 
as well as other prerequisites to be deter- 
mined when the program is established. 
Most schools of nursing in the eastern 
Quebec region are affiliated with Laval 
University. These schools and any post- 
diploma courses eventually will be directed 
by a Board separate from the Laval School. 


Red Cross Bursary 
For Ontario RN 
A $1,000 bursary is being offered again 
this year to graduate nurses in Ontario. by 
The Canadian Red Cross Society, Ontario 
Division. The purpose of the Award is to 
enable a nurse to undertake further prepa- 
ration in nursing at the degree level. 
The successful candidate will be selected 
on the basis of training. nursing experience, 
and leadership qualities. The applicant's anlic- 
ipated contribution to nursing in Ontario 
will be considered. 
Interested nurses should write to Dr. 
Helen McArthur, The Canadian Red Cross 
Society, 95 Wellesley Street East, Toronto 5, 
for application forms and further infor- 
mation. Applications must be submitted be- 
fore May I. 1967. 
The winner of the 1966 bursary, Miss 
Marjorie Wallington, is presently completing 
studies toward her master's degree in psy- 
chiatric nursing at Boston University, Bos- 
ton, Massachusetts. 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 9 



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174 Bartley Drive, Toronto 16,Ont. 


10 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


news 


Public Health Nurses 
Sign Contract 
The Nurses' Association Peel County 
Health Unit recently signed a co1/ective 
agreement with County officials, effective 
for one year; January I. 1967 to December 
31. 1967. 
The Peel County contract is the first 
to be negotiated by public health nurses 
after certification (March. 1966) by the 
Labour Relations Board. Ontario county 
nurses secured their contract in May, 1966, 
by voluntary employer recognition of their 
Association, without certification. 
Under the Peel County contract, public 
health nurses receive increases ranging from 
$650 to $850 per year, and registered nurses, 
from $400 to $800. Minimum salary for a 
public health nurse is raised from $4.700 
to $5,350 and maximum from $5,700 to 
$6,550. Minimum for a registered nurse is 
raised from $4,400 to $4.800 and maximum 
from $5,000 to $5,800. Annual increments 
for public health nurses are $300 and for 
registered nurses $250. 
Vacations under the contract will be three 
weeks after one year's service and four 
weeks after seVen years. Two years ago, 
vacations of 18 working days per year were 
unilaterally reduced to two weeks after one 
year, three weeks after ten years, and four 
weeks after 20 years. 
The provincial civil service scale for car 
allowance has been adopted; 14( per mile 
for the first 5,000 miles per year; 7
 per 
mile for the next 5,000 miles, and 5( per 
mile over 10,000 miles. Nurses driving less 
than 350 miles per month will receive a 
minimum of $50 per month. 
Mrs. Sharon Down and Miss Luce Teunis- 
sen represented the Nurses' Association Peel 
County Health Unit during negotiations. 
assisted by RNAO's Director and Associate 
Director of Employment Relations, Mr. L. 
B. Sharpe and Miss K.R. Lewis. 
The Registered Nurses' Association of 
Ontario announced that grey-listing of Peel 
County, effective since negotiations broke 
down last November, has now been re- 
moved. The grey-listing of Halton County 
and the United Counties of Stormont, Dun- 
das and Glengarry remains in effect. 


Bilingual Regional School 
For Ottawa 
A new bilingual school of nursing is soon 
to be established for the Ottawa region. 
As in all other regional nursing schools in 
Ontario, the school will be under the Ontario 
Department of Health and receive federal 
financial assistance. The program and organ- 
ization will be subject to approval by the 
Ontario College of Nurses. The budget will 


be contro1/ed by the Board of Administra- 
tion of the school, subject to approval by the 
Ontario Hospital Services Commission. 
The regional schools program is of two 
years duration folIowed by an internship 
year; it is a transitional program between 
the present hospital diploma program and 
the two-year program to be offered in re- 
gional and independent schools which is 
proposed for 1975. At that time, it is pro- 
posed that a1/ hospital-run schools will be 
closed. 
With the exception of the school dt 
the Ottawa Civic Hospital, hospital 
schools in Ottawa will no longer accept 
students when the new school opens. Stu- 
dents of the new school will receive prac- 
tical experience in the other hospitals, how- 
ever. Ottawa General, Perley, St. Vincent, 
Grace, St. Louis Marie de Monfort, and 
Riverside Hospitals will provide student 
experience. 
A l4-member committee, comprised of 
two representatives from each of these 
hospitals, was formed in May. 1966. Colonel 
Laval Fortier, chairman, said that the com- 
mittee is looking for a bilingual director 
and is studying possible locations for the 
school facilities. The school is expected to 
open in the fall of 1968. 
The new school will have room for 200 
students each year. It is expected, however, 
that admissions will be less for the first 
few years. 


Apply Now For 
UWO Senior Seminar 
The University of Western Ontario 
School of Nursing in London will still 
accept a limited number of applications for 
its Seminar For Senior Nursing Executives. 
June 12-23. 1967. This seminar is provided 
for nurses in senior positions in hospitals, 


Toueh 


The 900 people who have 
joined Canadian University 
Service Overseas took on a 
tough job. Long hours. Little 
money. But the reward was 
in the response of people 
eager to help themselves. 
Now it's your turn. Write 
CUSO, 151 Slater Street, 
Ottawa. 


cuso 


The Canadian Peace Corps 


APRIL 1967 



news 


schools of nursing, public health agencies 
and professional organizations. 
There are no academic requirements. The 
course is designed to benefit both nurses 
who have completed university studies and 
those who have not. 


"Meals on Wheels" 
For Shut-Ins 
Disabled and elderly persons in many 
cities in Canada now can remain independ- 
ent, even though unable to cook hot meals 
for themselves. 
"Meals on Wheels:' a team effort of 
local VON branches, women's organiza- 
tions, and hospitals, provides hot meals 10 
persons of any age who are confined to 
their homes. This is neither a charitable nor 
a catering service. Its main objective is to 
allow persons to be independent. 
In Brockville. Ontario, for example, the 
"Meals on Wheels" service is jointly spon- 
sored by the VON, the Brockville General 
Hospital. and the May Court Club. Hot 
noon meals are served three days a week 
to JO shut-ins. The VON supplies the 
names of persons requiring the meals, and 
the Brockville General Hospital kitchen 
staff prepare the food and pack it in air- 
tight containers. The meals are then deliver- 
ed by members of the May Court Club, 
and arrive "piping hot" at their destination. 
"Meals on Wheels" provides not only a 
hot. substantial meal to the shut-in, but a 
cheery visit from the woman who delivers it. 


Narcotic Treatment Center 
Dr Jacques Naiman, director of the out- 
patient psychiatric clinic at the Jewish 
General Hospital in Montreal, and profes- 
sor in psychiatry at McGill University, has 
described a new research and treatment 
center for drug addicts. 
Speaking to a group at the annual study 
day, he said that the center has spent 
some time studying techniques of treating 
the narcotic addict. The center permits 
addicts to be admitted during the with- 
drawal period and works with them. Social 
assistance agencies assist in the rehabilit- 
ation program. This represents the only 
trial of this kind in the province, and the 
only other similar centers of this type are 
in Toronto and Vancouver. 
Treatment in the center is with metha- 
done, a derivative of morphine, which al- 
leviates the withdrawal symptoms, but is 
less addicting. To help calm the patient, 
a tranquilizer, such as Librium, may be 
used to help return the patient to a useful 
life. 
The center also utilizes Cyclazocine, a 
non-narcotic medication that counteracts 
APRIL 1967 


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A Hot Meal at Noon. In Brockvil/e, Ontario, the "Meals on Wheels" service delivers a 
hot, mid-day meal three days each week to Mr. and Mrs. William Francis. The elderly 
couple keep house for themselves, but find the preparation of a dinner too much of an 
effort. COllsequelltly, the VON recommended "Meals on Whee/". Here, Mr. and Mrs. 
Francis are about to enjoy the meal that has been delivered by Mrs. I.R. Amtis, of the 
May Court Club. Miss lealllrelle Funke, VaN nurSe in charge of the local branch, 
looks 011. The meals are prepared at Broch'ille General Hospital. 


the effects of heroin - even injections 
five times the normal dose. 
The center, whose main objective is 
research, hopes to obtain financial aid 
from the Quebec Office for the Prevention 
and Treatment of Alcoholism and Drug 
Addiction. This would permit the est- 
ablishment of a laboratory to aid in rapid 
and economical detection of narcotic bar- 
biturate and amphetamine addicts. 


New School and Residence 
Facilities FOr Brandon 
A new $1,500,000 school of nursing and 
residence unit for Brandon General Hospi- 
tal is scheduled to start this spring. The 
new facilities will accomodate 170 student 
nurses, double the present number. 
The new 8-story residence is adjacent to a 
two-story school facility with an ad- 
joining link. When completed, the building 
will house classrooms, a lecture theatre, 
offices, a library, an auditorium, a gym- 
nasium, and recreation and lounge faci- 
lities. 


The school of nursing is the only one 
in Brandon, and one of seven hospital 
schools in the province. 
Construction will start this spring and 
is expec:ed to be completed by 1968. 


Design Frees Nurses 
To Nurse 
There are no shelves in the service rooms, 
no linen cupboards, and no one runs down 
to pharmacy for a stat medication. Modern 
supply concepts at the new Riverside Hospi- 
tal of Ottawa are designed to keep nurses 
nursing. 
The new acute-care general hospital has 
309 beds. 56 bassinets, and 21 service beds 
for labor, recovery, and emergency care. 
A five-floor "patient tower" rises above 
the two-floor "service platform." The lower 
floors contain the service areas: kitchen and 
cafeteria, pharmacy, stores, central supply 
area, central sterilizing room, laundry, and 
employee locker-rooms are located on the 
first level; administrative offices, emergency 
(Continued on page 13) 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 11 



Save hours of your time D 1 1 @ 
by replacing the enema with... U CO ax Suppositories 



 


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Even modem enema equipment is cumbersome and time-. 
consuming to assemble. Irrigation poles, bags, tubing, 
bedpans-all must be drawn from Central Supply, in- 
spected and brought to the bedside. It cuts into your valu- 
able morning time and becomes a real burden when you 
have several patients needing enemas. 
And, more often than not, your patients are distressed at 
the prospect of discomfort and loss of dignity-especially 
the elderly, the seriously ill, or postpartum and post- 
surgical patients. 


Dulcolax (brand ofbisacodyl) 
Dulcolax Suppositories 10 mg 
Du1colax Suppositories for Children 5 mg 
Du1colax Tablets 5 mg 


" 


Dulcolax Suppositories offer a sure, simple way to elimi- 
nate the enema routine. One small suppository is inserted 
in seconds. You like the simplicity and convenience- 
patients are grateful to be spared the ordeal of an enema. 
Dulcolax Suppositories usually act in 15 minutes to 1 hour, 
so you can time evacuations and reduce accidents. You 
can finish the whole ward in less time, with less effort, 
less soiled linen. 


Boehringer Tngelheim Products 
Division of Geigy (Canada) Limited, Montreal 


B-SHJ 6S 



news 


(Colllinued from page J J) 


services, x-ray, laboratory, physiotherapy, 
and the O.R., recovery rooms and intensive 
care suite are on ground level. 
The service facilities deliver all supplies 
directly to patient areas. Medical supplies 
usually found in service room cupboards are 
delivered by interchangeable large carts, 
which are left on the unit for 24 hours then 
returned to central supply for checking and 
restocking. Linen supplies are handled the 
same way. Additionnal supplies or special 
equipment are delivered from central supply 
by means of a tray-conveyor which automat- 
ically routes the material to the correct loca- 
tion. Soiled materia1s are returned to a 
special decontaminating and cleaning area 
by trayveyor. 
All wards and departments are connected 
by pneumatic tube systems; this pennits 
rapid transportation of messages, charts, and 
small supplies to and from laboratory, x-ray 
and pharmacy, for instance. 
The hospital design is planned to improve 

ervice to the patient by freeing nurses from 
non-nursing duties for bedside care. This 
centra1ized system of distribution of mate- 


Facts about 
Registered 
Nurses in 
Canada 


Source: Research Unit, 
Canadian Nurses 
Association, 1966 


Percent 
50 


APRIL 1967 


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Service room supply and linen carts are loaded in central despatch area for remo
'al to 
wards every 24 hours at the new Ril'erside Hospital of Ottawa. 


rials and supplies makes use of the so-called 
"Friesen Concept," developed by Gordon A. 
Friesen International of Washington. D.C., 
hospital architects and planners. 
Miss Velma M. Moffat, director of nurs- 
ing. is delighted with the physical facilities 
of the new hospita1. "We feel that nurses 
are rea1ly free to nurse," she says. "Further. 


Turnover Rate: 2 


we are trying to emphasize this concept even 
more on the wards." There is a trained 
medica1 secretary for each nurses' station. 
She handles all routine paperwork, all calls 
and orders. "It was difficult to get nurses 
to trust her at first." says Miss Moffatt. 
"but she is now seen as an indispensible 
member of the team." 


The turnover rate is a ratio of leavers to stayers. In 1964, the turnover rate 
for full-time head nurses in public general hospitals in Canada was 18 percent, 
nursing supervisors 14 percent, and nursing directors 16 percent. 


40 


30 


_..-::::
 


20 


-- 


--------- 


10 


1- 
9 


10- 
24 


25- 
49 


50- 
99 


SIZE OF HOSPITAL (Number of beds) 


head nurses 
nursing supervisors 
nursing directors 


/ 


...... 


........... 
--..... 


100- 
199 


300- 
499 


500- 1000+ 
999 


200- 
299 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 13 



New! Ready May 


DIENHART: 
BASIC HUMAN ANATOMY 
and PHYSIOLOGY 
By Charlotte M. Dienhart, Ph.D. 
Illustrated by Steven P. Gigliotti 
Here is an entirely new textbook 
(not an abridgment of a larger 
text) designed for practical nurs- 
ing students and paramedical 
personnel. It will set a new stan- 
dard of clarity, conciseness, and 
completeness. Dr. Dienhart ex- 
plains human anatomy and phy- 
siology in an outstandingly clear 
and logical way, covering each 
organ system in turn. Important 
structures are shown in nearly 
200 illustrations, eight pages of 
which are in full color. Each 
chapter begins with an outline 
and ends with a summary and 
review questions. References and 
a glossary augment the value of 
this text. 
About 288 pp., illust. 
About $4.75. 


New Edition! Ready May 
BOOKMILLER, BOWEN & 
CARPENTER: 
OBSTETRICS AND 
OBSTETRIC NURSING 
By Mae M. Bookmiller, R.N., George 
Loveridge Bowen, A.B., M.D., and Dolores 
Carpenter, R.N., B.S., M.A. 
In a completely updated New 
(5th) Edition, this respected text 
remains notably clear, complete, 
and graphic while incorporating 
new information on such current 
topics as amniocentesis, intraute- 
rine transfusion, and the post- 
maturity syndrome. The history 
and fundamentals of obstetrics 
are presented first, followed by 
a detailed description of nursing 
care during normal labor and 
delivery and the puerperium. 
Then possible complications are 
discussed and the nursing re- 
quirements of the neonate are 
described. 
About 650 pp., illust. 
About $9.25. 


... ..:.
. 
, ,I'"
 
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I" '\ 
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In full color 
in Dienhart's 
Anatomy 


New! Ready April 
KOllER & DU GAS: 
FUNDAMENTALS 
OF PATIENT CARE 


By Barbara Blackwood Kozier, R.N., B.A., 
B.S.N., M.N., and Beverly Witter Du Gas, 
R.N., B.S., M.N. 
Ideally suited to either the diplo- 
ma or baccalaureate program, 
this new text emphasizes nursing 
fundamentals rather than tech- 
niques, thus preparing the stu- 
dent to understand the proce- 
dures she will learn in her clini- 
cal training. Major sections COver 
the history and fundamentals of 
nursing; needs common to all pa- 
tients, such as hygiene, nutrition, 
and safety; and specific needs of 
patients with certain types of dis- 
orders (e.g. respiratory problems, 
fever, pain). The problem-solving 
approach is stressed, with typical 
"study situations" given for re- 
vie'^'. after each chapter. 
About 375 pp., illust. 
About $7.00. 


New January 1967! 


KRON: 
COMMUNICATION IN 
NURSING 


By Thora Kron, R.N., B.S. 
This new book by the author of 
Nursing Team Leadership is a 
practical guide to a vitally im- 
portant but often neglected as- 
pect of nursing care - the tech- 
nique of good communication. It 
gives you a wealth of how-to-do- 
it information: How to write an 
effective memorandum; How to 
give a demonstration; How to 
make a speech; How to write an 
article (on any subject); How to 
use the telephone effectively; 
How to be a good listener. Non- 
verbal communication is recog- 
nized, too, and its importance 
explained. 
244 pp., illust. 


$4.05 Jan. 1967 


Published by W. B. SAUNDERS COMPANY, Philadelphia and Landon 
Order your copies from McAINSH AND CO. LTD. 
1835 Yonge Street, Toronto 7. 


14 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


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1967 


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-to-Z'ate 

 


APRIL 1967 



news 


Alcoholism Problems 
Probed by Nurses 
In Ontario, the incidence of alcoholism 
has more than doubled in the past 15 years. 
A survey taken in 1951 revealed an estimat- 
ed 48.878 alcoholics in the province. Today 
the figure has mushroomed alarmingly to 
100,000. 
The nurse's role in this growing health 
problem was examined during a three-day 
conference at Geneva Park, Lake Couchi- 
ching. Ontario, February 27 10 March 2. 
The conference, set up to study "Alco- 
holism - Social Stress and Harmful De- 
pendence," was co-sponsored by the Alco- 
holism and Drug Addiction Research Foun- 
dation (ADARF), the Donwood Foundation. 
the Registered Nurses' Association of On- 
tario. the Ontario Hospital Association, and 
the provincial medical and public health 
associations. 
Almost 100 nurses and delegates attended 
the three-day conference to listen to guest 
lecturers R. Gordon Bell, executive director 
of the Donwood Foundation; R. Margaret 
Cork, research associate, ADARF; and Rob- 
ert J. Gibbins, associate research director, 
Psychological Studies, ADARF. 
Group discussions on all aspects of alco- 
holism look up the balance of time allotted 
to the conference, with members of Alco- 
holics Anonymous and AI-Anon (a fellow- 

hip for relatives and friends of problem 
drinkers) on hand to offer personal exper- 
iences. 


Will Power No Answer 
"Addiction is 100 strong to be controlled 
by will power alone," said Dr. Bell in his 
opening address. "If you. as nurses. can get 


. 


--. 


- 


,. 


Gordon Patrick of ADARF chats with Dr. Gordon Bell, executive director of the 
Donwood Foundation, during a break at Conference on Alcoholism. 


this inlo your minds... then you will be able 
to help." 
Dr. Bell traced the process of alcohol 
addiction from the predisposing factors to 
the consequences - physical, mental and 
social - of an uncontrolled desire to drink. 
"The first drink is often the most im- 
portant." he said. Individuals "who gel sick 
at the smell of the cork obviously do not 
have the physical ability to enjoy alcohol 
in harmful quantities. However, drinking to 
relieve anxiety. depression, loneliness or 
boredom can result in the acquired desire 
to drink for the sake of drinking," he ex- 
plained. As it becomes more and more ne- 
cessary for an addict to obtain alcohol, he 
resorts to solitary drinking, biding his sup- 
ply, and covering up his habit. 
"Alcoholics are the prime manipulators in 


. 

.. 


.. 


Emphasis was on group discussion at the Nursing Conference on Alcoholism. Here, Lionel 
Sands, Robert Schick, Sandra Doubt, Helen Campbell and chairman Cecile King discuss 
a patiellt history. Following discussion indil'idual groups met to compare findings. 
APRIL 1967 


the community and nurses who don't know 
this may find themselves being skillfully 
manipulated." he warned. 
According to Dr. Bell, the most signif- 
icant of recent advances in the treatment 
of alcoholics is the official recognition of 
addiction as a physical disease. "Now that 
it is recognized as a treatable problem, part 
of the stigma attached to the disease may 
fade," he said. 


Pre\'ulence vf A 1c:olwlis/ll 
Statistics on alcoholics were presenled by 
Dr. Robert Gibbins in his address "Pre- 
valence of Alcoholism in Ontario." 
He noted that the highest rate of alco- 
holism occurs in the unskilled labor cate- 
gory and the lowest rate, in professional 
and technical people. 
Leading cause of death among alcoholics 
surveyed was cardiovascular disease, which 
accounted for 55 percent of the deaths, ac- 
cording to Dr. Gibbins. He pointed out, 
however, that this figure does not distin- 
guish alcoholic population from general 
population. Accidents, second largest killer 
among alcoholics, accounted for 16 percent, 
"a rate significantly higher than in the ge- 
neral population," he said. 
Right Attitude Essel/fial 
In her address "Those People the Alco- 
holic Affects," Margaret Cork, of the Add- 
iction Research Foundation, said: "The most 
obvious, long-range, indirect role of nurses 
is that of strengthening family life." 
Miss Cork, who presently is engaged in 
a study of 104 children of alcoholics, report- 
ed that "almost all of the children expressed 
the opinion that the parental fighting and 
quarrelling, the hurting and meanness, rather 
than the drinking, troubled them the most," 
"Might not the nurse," she asked, "be 
the person to start or support informal 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 15 



news 


community team work - to work together 
in a new way to rehabilitate the alcoholic 
and his family?" 
Essential to the role of the nurse are 
the attitudes she shares with her peers. 
friends, colleagues, and family. "All too 
often." Miss Cork pointed out, "she has 
one set of attitudes and values when work- 
ing with alcoholics, and another for the 


, I !IOUifæi. 


" 



 
.... 




 


party she may be at. where she talks in 
such a way as to demean or belittle the 
alcoholic. I know of no other illness where 
negative feelings and attitudes can so read- 
ily color or affect our ability to be truly 
helpful." 
Miss Cork stressed that any help for the 
alcoholic and his family will depend on 
a knowledge and understanding of alco- 
holism. "Particularly for prevention - it 
will depend on how early we recognize that 
there are problems within the family's rela- 
tionships, and some unhealthy aspects with- 
in the functioning of family members." 


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16 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


[I/side Story from AA Members 
"The alcoholic does not want to be 
shielded from his problem, but he does not 
want to be looked down upon, either," 
explained Marie, one of four members from 
Alcoholics Anonymous who provided an 
inside look at the problems of addiction. 
Sid and George, two other members, des- 
cribed their reactions to people who tried 
to help them with their problem. "I didn't 
think I was an alcoholic," explained Sid. 
"[ really resented anyone who interfered 
with my freedom when drinking." 
George, too, claimed to be unaware of 
his drinking problem. Asked by the audience 
how he finally recognized his problem, he 
said: "] was given an explanation of alcohol 
in a clear way. This is what the alcoholic 
needs - the power of simplicity." 
Their advice to the nurses was "... Any- 
one interested should have the courage to 
confront a person with his problem and 
offer to take him to a clinic or AA meet- 
ing. You must go to meetings yourselves 
and learn what it is all about. Then you 
can invite the alcoholic to accompany you." 


Alberta Hospitals Close Wards: 
Blame Shortage of Nurses 
The University Hospital in Edmonton has 
closed three wards, containing 104 beds, be- 
cause of shortage in nursing staff. The 
wards have been closed since Christmas. 
Miss M. G. Purcell, director of nursing, 

aid that another 41 nurses were needed 
before the wards could be put into service, 
and that a three-month orientation program 
for staff recruited from overseas is in opera- 
tion to help attract foreign nurses. 
The nursing shortage in Alberta seems 
to be a chronic situation. Last summer two 
Calgary hospitals also closed wards because 
of a lack of nursing personnel. 
Mrs. Lois Graham-Cumming, research 
director of the Canadian Nurses' Associa- 
tion, commented on the increasing short- 
ages. "In 1966, 562 nurses graduated from 
Alberta's nursing diploma programs. This 
was a drop of 13 from the previous year. 
"In 1966, the Alberta Registered Nurses' 
Association granted initial registration to 
633 Alberta graduates and initial registra- 
tion to 655 out-of-province graduates. In 
1965, 166 nurses came from foreign coun- 
tries and 107 in 1964, an increase of 59." 


Chicoutimi Nurses 
Finally Get Contract 
Registered nurses at the Hôtel-Dieu Saint- 
Vallier in Chicoutimi, Quebec, obtained a 
new wage contract at the beginning of Fe- 
bruary. They were represented by the Syndi- 
cat des infirmières catholiques (SPIC) (Syn- 
dicate of Catholic Nurses of Quebec) in the 
negotiations. 
The 41 other groups of nurses affiliated 
with SPIC had renewed their contracts in 
November, 1966. However, at the Hôtel- 
APRIL 1967 



news 


Dieu Saint-Vallier the signing of the con- 
tract had been delayed because the Alliance 
_ representing nurses affiliated with the 
Confederation of National Trade Unions 
(CNTU) - had contested the representation 
by SPIC. The Alliance questioned, before 
the Labor Relations Board, the vote taken 
by SPIC members in February, 1966. The 
CNTU demand was rejected, however, and 
SPIC is the single negotiating agent for 
nurses at I'Hôtel-Dieu Saint-Vallier. 


Gift Helps Cancer Detection 
A $25,000 gift presented to the Cancer 
Detection Clinic of Women's College Hos- 
pital, Toronlo, by Eli Lilly and Company, 
will be used to administer a new test for 
cancer. The gift was presented by William 
D. Cairns, President of Eli Lilly and Com- 
pany (Canada) Limited to Dr. Henrietta 
Banting, Director of the Clinic, and was 
given in memory of her late husband, Dr. 
Frederick Banting, the co-discoverer of in- 
sulin. 
Lady Banting said that the fund would 
be used "to extend the service in cancer 
detection to include examinations which we 
have not been able to provide in the past." 
In its program of check-ups for well 
people. the Clinic will perform sigmoido- 
scopic examinations to detect malignant and 
premalignant lesions in the lower intestines. 
In addition to the purchase of the necessary 
equipment, the Lilly gift also provides for 
the training of medical and technical per- 
sonnel to handle these tests. 
Until now, the Clinic has performed 
examinations mainly for breast, cervical and 
uterine cancers, and has had 10 refer else- 
where suspected cases of malignancy in the 
gastrointestinal tract. 


WHO Investigates Bilharziasis 
The World Health Organization (WHO) is 
sending a four-man research team to West- 
ern Nigeria to cooperate in detailed investi- 
gations into the disease bilharziasis, a serious 
problem in many parts of Africa. An epide- 
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and a laboratory technician will form the 
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vehicles, and a certain amount of equip- 
ment. 
Bilhariziasis is the third greatest cause 
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 17 



New 4th Edition! 
CARE Of THE PATIENT IN SURGERY 
Including Techniques 
Þ\ "" Presenting the newest concepts and approaches in care 

 /'" of the patient in the operating room, the thoroughly 

 revised, superbly illustrated new edition of this popular 
text emphasizes fundamental principles to provide au- 
thoritative guidance in all aspects of the nurse's duties 
in surgery. Two new chapters, "Surgery on the Ear" 
and "Ophthalmic Surgery", have been added to this 
new 4th edition. 
By EDYTHE LOUISE ALEXANDER, B.S., M.A., R.N.; WANDA BURLEY, B.S., 
M.A., R.N.; DOROTHY ELLISON, B.S., M.A., R.N.; and ROSALIND VALLERI, 
B.S., M.A., R.N. Publication date: Ma<eh, 1967. 4th edition, approx. 810 
pages, 7" x 10", 555 illustrations, 5 in color. About $15.70. 


New 4th Edition! 
MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING 


The outstanding new edition of this classic text pro- 
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The most up-to-date text available, it clearly reflects 
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of all ages. A new teaching guide is provided instruc- 
tors adopting this new edition. 
By KATHLEEN NEWTON SHAFER, R.N., M.A.; JANET R. SAWYER, R.N., 
A.M.; AUDREY M. McCLUSKEY, R.N., M.A.; Sc.M.Hyg.; and EDNA LlFGREN 
BECK, R.N., M.A. Publication date: May, 1967. 4th edition, approx. 860 
pages, 7" x 10", 236 illustrations. About $10.80. 


New 7th Edition! 
TEXTBOOK Of ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 
The new edition of this widely adopted text has been 
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done by the noted artist Ernest Beck, as was the new 
full-color Trans-Vision (R) Insert. A helpful teaching 
guide is provided all instructors adopting this text. 
By CATHERINE PARKER ANTHONY, B.A., M.S., R.N. Publication date: April, 
1967. 7th edition, approx. 570 pages, 7" x 10". With 336 illustrations of 
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New 7th Edition! 
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY LABORATORY MANUAL 
Presenting a streamlined method for recording results 
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and chapter outlines and self tests. Superb new illustra- 
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cluded for her use. 
By CATHERINE PARKER ANTHONY, B.A., M.S., R.N. Illustrated by ERNEST 
W. BECK. Publication date: May, 1967. 7th edition. About $4.05. 
18 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


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TEXTBOOK Of PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING 


This precise, easily understood new text emphasizes 
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By ETHEL L. KALLlNS, R.N., B.S., M.P.H. Publication date: February, 1967. 
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PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY 


The revised and updated new edition of this widely 
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By JOSEPH H. ROE, Ph.D. Publication date: March, 1967. 10th edition, 
approx. 412 pagel, 6 3 /4" X 9 3 /4", 5S illustrations, 3 in color. About $7.50. 


New 5th Edition! 
A LABORATORY GUIDE IN CHEMISTRY 


The updated new edition of this popular manual pre- 
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By JOSEPH H. ROE, Ph.D. Publication date: March, 1967. 5th edition, 
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APRIL 1967 



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By NORMA GREENLER DISON, R.N., B.A. Publication date: May, 1967. 
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WORKBOOK FOR GYNECOLOGICAL NURSING 


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By CONSTANCE LERCH, R.N., B.S. (Ed.); and JOANNE K. WAGNER, R.N., 
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By ROBERT V. HECKEL, B.S., M.S., Ph.D.; and ROSE M. JORDAN, B.S., 
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By RUTH W. JESSEE, R.N., Ed.D. Publication date: March, 1967. 7th 
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THE C. V. MOSBY COMPANY, LTD. 
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APRIL 1967 THE CANADIAN NURSE 19 



names 


The University of 
Ottawa was the third 
stop for Duanpen 
Chatikanand, from 
Thailand, during her 
recent tour of Can- 
adian and American 
universities. During 
_ :ik her stay in the Ca- 
pital, Mrs. Chatikan- 
and visited the headquarters of the Cana- 
dian Nurses' Association. 



 


On September 12, 1966, Mrs. Chatikan- 
and left Bankok, Thailand for Montreal. 
She attended classes in the basic, postgrad- 
uate and master's programs at McGill 
University for three months. Next she at- 
tended the University of New Brunswick in 
Fredericton. Following her stay at the 
University of Ottawa, Mrs. Chatikanand 
made similar visits to the Universities of 
Toronto and British Columbia. 
As the assistant director of nursing 
(education) at Siriraj School of Nursing 
and Midwifery, University of Medical 
Sciences, Dhonburi, Thailand, Mrs. Chati- 
kanand will have the opportunity "to introd- 
uce new ideas into the school" on her 
return from North America. 
A graduate in nursing and midwifery 
from the same school, Mrs. Chatikanand 
also holds her B.S.N. from the University 
of Pittsburgh, which she attended on a 
fellowship. 
In 1959 she first joined the staff of 
the school of nursing and in 1963 she was 
appointed assistant director of nursing. 
About nursing in Thailand Mrs. Chatikan- 
and says, "It is on the same level as other 
professions with salaries comparable to 
those in industry." 
Before returning home to the Siriraj 
School of Nursing, Mrs. Chatikanand will 
be visiting the Universities of Pittsburgh, 
Boston, New York and Washington in the 
United States. 


"\ 


At the end of Jan- 
uary, 1967, Sister 
Jeannine Montour of 
the Grey Nuns of the 
Cross of Ottawa left 
for Zambia, Central 
Africa. 


- 
...... 



 


\ 


ing 
20 


Sister was sent to 
Africa because of her 
experience in teach- 
and nursing. A graduate of Ste- 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 


\ 


Thérèse Hospital School of Nursing. 
Shawinigan, Quebec, she obtained her 
B.Sc.N. in 1960 at Marguerite d'Youville 
Institute in Montreal. Since then she has 
spent three years as assistant director of Ste- 
Thérèse Hospital School of Nursing and the 
last three and one-half years as supervisor 
of pediatrics at Ottawa General Hospital. 
For the past year Sister also served as 
treasurer for the Ottawa Chapter of the 
Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario. 
Sister Montour is one of three nurses 
at St. Luke's Hospital in Mpanshya, 110 
miles from Lusaka, the capital of Zambia. 


Sister Agnes Fleu- 
ry, s.g.m., director of 
the Regina Grey 
-:;.. Nuns' Hospital 
School of Nursing 
since last September, 
has been appointed 
assistant administra- 
tor, nursing. 
Sister Fleury is a 
graduate of the St. Boniface Hospital 
School of Nursing, with a bachelor of 
science degree in nursing. She has been as- 
sociated with nursing education for many 
years. Previous to her appointment at the 
Grey Nuns' Hospital last August, Sister was 
director of the St. Boniface Hospital School 
of Nursing. 


Oressa Hubbert has 
been appointed dir- 
ector of the new 
Credit ValIey Region- 
al School of Nursing 
in CooksvilIe, On- 
tario. 
Miss Hubbert, a 
graduate of the Mack 
Training School, St. 
Catharines, Ontario, completed her re- 
quirements for a master of science in nurs- 
ing degree at the University of Western 
Ontario in 1964. She has had experience 
in both nursing service and education and 
is presently associate director of nursing 
education at St. Joseph's School of Nursing, 
London, Ontario. 


... 


On January I, 1967, the school of nurs- 
ing at Guelph General Hospital separated 
from the n.Jrsing service department. Lois 
Campbell, formerly director of nursing 


with the dual responsibility for education 
and service, became director of nursing 
service; Barbara Curry was appointed dir- 
ector of the school of nursing. 


r 


'..-... . 


- 
- 


... 


.
 


4 _ 


L..-J'
 


Lois Campbell Barbara Curry 
Miss CampbelI is a 1943 graduate of 
Guelph General Hospital School of Nurs- 
ing. After graduation, she obtained a diplo- 
ma in nursing education at the University 
of Toronto, and returned to teach at her 
home school. She became associate director 
of nursing service in 1951. After obtaining 
her baccalaureate degree at the University 
of Western Ontario, London, in 1960, she 
returned to Guelph General Hospital as 
director of nursing. 
Miss Curry, a 1954 graduate of Victoria 
Hospital School of Nursing, London, On- 
tario, obtained a diploma in nursing edu- 
cation following graduation and in 1964, a 
B.Sc.N. degree from the University of West- 
ern Ontario. She has held teaching posi- 
tions at the Hospital for Sick Children, 
South Waterloo Memorial Hospital School 
of Nursing, and Guelph General Hospital 
School of Nursing. 


The new acting di- 
rector of Regina Grey 
Nuns' School of Nurs- 
ing is Catherine Teresa 
O'Shaughnessy, a gra- 
duate of SI. Mary Hos- 
pital School of Nurs- 
ing, Montreal. Mrs. 
O'Shaughnessy a Iso 
holds her bachelor of 
science in nursing from SI. Francis Xavier 
University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia. 
Since graduation she has gained experience 
as science instructor at Holy Family Hos- 
pital School of Nursing in Prince Albert 
and at Regina Grey Nuns' School of Nurs- 
ing in Regina, Saskatchewan. 
During the five years previous to her pre- 
sent appointment Mrs. O'Shaughnessy was as- 
sistant director at the same school. 
Active in many nursing organizations, she 
has served as chainnan on the Public Rela- 
(Continued on page 22) 
APRIL 1967 


.... 

 



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22 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


, 


names 


(Co",i//lled 11"011/ pUKe 20) 
tions Committee of the Saskatchewan Regis- 
tered Nurses' Association. on the Nursing 
Education Committee. and on the Publicity 
Committee of the Saskatchewa!1 Council of 
Catholic Nurses. 


No. 
100 


Viola M. Aboud of 
Shawinigan, Quebec, 
has been appointed as- 
sistant nursing coor- 
dinator for the nursing 
station in the Man and 
His Health Pavilion 
at Expo 67. Miss 
Aboud is on loan from 
her position as special 
assistant to the director of nursing at The 
Montreal General HospitaJ. She will be on 
Expo staff from March I to October 31, 
1967. A Montreal General graduate, Miss 
Aboud took further education at McGill, re- 
ceiving her diploma in teaching and super- 
vision from the School for Graduate Nurses. 
Miss Aboud worked for six months in the 
American University Hospital in Beirut. 
Lebanon, and spent several months touring 
the middle east. She speaks Arabic, as well 
as English and French. 
Her past experience as head nurse and 
nursing arts instructor in Montreal will be 
helpful in her Expo position. Miss Aboud 
will share in planning and organization duties, 
and hèlp in the orientation of graduates and 
students coming from all parts of Canada 
to staff the nursing station. 


No. 
169 


Dr. Glen W. Bartlett, a native of Cana- 
da, has been appointed manager of scien- 
tific planning for the American Hospital 
Supply Corporation. 
Dr. Bartlett graduated from Mount Al- 
lison University. Sackville, New Brunswick, 
received his master's degree in microbio- 
logy from the University of London, and 
his doctor's degree in microbiology from 
Oxford University. 
Subsequently he held appointments as 
associate professor in microbiology at 
Memorial University of Newfoundland, 
and as associate professor of microbiology 
in the faculty of medicine, McGill Uni- 
versity, Montreal. Prior to his present 
appointment, he was senior research micro- 
biologist at Abbott Laboratories. 


The Alberta Association of Registered 
Nurses has awarded this year's Margaret 
CogswelI Memorial Scholarship to Mildred 
Joan Arsene who is currently completing 
the final year of the post-basic degree pro- 
gram in teaching and supervision at the 
University of Alberta, Edmonton. 0 


Next Month 
in 


The 
Canadian 
Nurse 


. child care worker 
in psychiatry 
. attitudes of nurses 
to nursing 
. drug protection for 
Canadians 



 

 


Photo credits 


Dominion-Wide p. 7, 9 


Leslie Spencer, Victoria, B.C. 
p. 8 


Manotick Photo, p. 13 


APRIL 1967 



dates 


April 27-29, 1967 
Registered Nurses' Association 
of Ontario, 
Annual Meeting, 
Royal York Hotel, Toronto. 


April 25-27, 1967 
The 58th Annual Meeting of the Canadian 
Public Health Association, 
to be held jointly with a meeting 
of the Ontario Public Health Association, 
Chateau Laurier, Ottowa. 
Theme of the meeting: 
"Community Health in Canada: 
A Centennial Appraisal and Projection." 
Details available from Dr. S.E. Acres, 
General Secretory, Steering Committee, 
Epidemiology Division, 
Deportment of Notional Health 
and Welfare, Ottowa. 


April 28-29, 1967 
The Royal Alexandra Hospital, School of 
Nursing 20th reuniOn of the 1947 
graduating closs Would members 
of the 1947 graduating closs 
please write to Mrs. Nora MacKay, 
13374 - 140 St., Edmonton. 


May 1-7, 1967 
Mentol Health Week 


May 4-6, 1967 
St. Boniface Hospital School of Nursing, 
25th Reunion of the 1942 
groduating closs. 
Would members of the 1942 
graduating closs please write 
to Miss F. E. Taylor, 
10123-122 Street, Edmonton. 


May 16-19, 1967 
Alberto Association of Registered Nurses 
Annual Meeting. 
Chateau Lacombe, 
Edmonton, Alberto. 


May 19-21, 1967 
60th Anniversary Reunion 
of the Royal Inland Hospital School 
of Nursing, Kamloops, B.C. 
For further information write: 
Mrs. Sylvia Lum, Suite "C", 
248 Victoria St., Kamloops, B.C. 


May 24-26, 1667 
Saskotchewon Registered 
Nurses' Association Annual Meeting, 
Saskatoon. 


May 29-31, 1967 
Operating Room Nurses' 
APRIL 1967 


Fourth Ontario Conference, 
The Inn on the Pork, Toronto Onto 
Sponsored by the Operating Room Nurses 
of Greater Toronto. 
Direct inquiries to: 
Mrs. Eleanor Conlin, 
437 Glen Pork Ave., Apt. 309, 
Toronto 19, Ontario. 


May 31-June 2, 1967 
Registered Nurses' Association of 
Novo Scotia Annual Meeting, 
Sydney, N.S. 


May 31-June 2, 1967 
Registered Nurses' Association of British 
Columbia Annual Meeting, 
Bayshore Inn, Vancouver, B.C. 


May 31-June 2, 1967 
New Brunswick Association of Registered 
Nurses, Annual Meeting, 
The Playhouse, Fredericton. 


June 7, 1967 
Manitoba Operating Room Study Group, 
one-day symposium, 
to be held in conjunction with the 
Manitobo Hospital Association Conference 
and the Western Hospital Institute 
at the Royal Alexander Hotel, 
Winnipeg, Manitoba. 
Theme: What's New? 


June 24, 1967 
St. Joseph's Hospital School of Nursing, 
Toronto, Centennial Reunion. 
Any graduates who do not receive 
alumnae newsletters, 
please send nome and address to: 
St. Joseph's Hospital School of 
of Nursing Alumnae, 
30 The Queensway, 
Toronto 3, Ontario. 


July, 1967 
75th Anniversary, 
Novo Scotia Hospital School of Nursing, 
Dartmouth, N.S. 
All interested graduates please contact 
Mrs. G. Varheff, 
20 Ellenvale Ave., 
Dartmouth, N.S. 


October 19-21, 1967 
First reunion of graduates of 
the McGill School for Graduate Nurses, 
Montreal. 
For further information write Moyra Allen, 
Acting President of 
the Alumnae Association, 
School for Graduate Nurses, 
3618 University Street, Montreal 2, P.Q. 


FOR PATIENT PROTECTION 


... 


POSEY HEEL PROTECTOR 
(Polenl Pending) 
Serves to prated the heel of the foot and 
prevents irritation from rubbing. Constructed 
of slick, pliable plastic, lined with artificial 
lamb's wool. Can be washed or cutocfaved. 
No. HP-63ALW. M $3.90 ea. - $7.80 pro 
Without plastic shield $5.25 


NO. 66 
POSEY BELT 
Potent Pending 


This new 
Posey 8 e I t 
provides safe- 
ty to a bed 
patient yet 
permit.s him 
to turn from side to 
side. Also allows sitting 
up, if belt is slackened. 
Made of strong, rein- 
forced white cotton webbing; with flannel- 
lined canvas reinforced insert. Strap passes 
under bed after Q turn around spring rail to 
anchor. Friction-type buckles. Buckl. is un- 
der side of bed of patient's sight and 
reach. Also available in Key.Lock model 
which attaches to each side of bed. Small, 
medium and large sizes. No. 66. $8.10. Key- 
Lock Belt, No. K66, $13.95. 


\ 


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POSEY SAFETY BELT 
Patented 
Allows maximum freedom with safe re- 
straint. An improvement over sideboards, 
the Posey belt is designed to be under the 
palient and oul of the way. Belt and bed 
strap are of heavy white cotton webbing; 
loop and pod of cotton flannel. Friction.type, 
rust-resistant buckles. Small, Medium and 
Lorge sizes. Safety Belt, No. 5-141, $6.75. 
(Extra heavy construction with key. lock 
buckles, No. P.453, $19.80) 


POSEY PRODUCTS 
Stocked in Canada 
B. C. HOLLINGSHEAD LIMITED 
64 Gerrard Street E. 
Toronto 2, Canada 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 


23 



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Modern Drainage Unit? 


FOR USE ON BED Braided cord hanger 
with metal hook attaches fast to any bed 
frame. 
OR BY AMBULATORY Cord also serves as 
convenient carry handle for ambulatory 
patient. 


r- . 


" 
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- 


No! In contrast, the Sterilon Closed 
Bedside Drainage Collection Unit 
is assembled and ready for use on any 
catheterized ambulatory or bed 
patient without special preparation. 
Actually, when you think of time 
saved as money saved, the Sterilon 
BDB-9 costs less than the labor, time 
and materials involved in an 
old-fashioned drainage unit. 
This means you don't have to autoclave 
containers or buy other bothersome 
accessories. There is no need to 
worry about the container being 


accidentally overturned. There's no 
mess, no fuss with the Sterilon Drainage 
Collection Unit, and it has an extra 
strength polyethylene bag that is 
graduated from 10 cc to 2000 cc. 
It is also the only bedside drainage 
unit in its price range that has a bottom 
drain. It is Sterilon quality. This 
means it comes packed sterile, 
ready to use. 
Another example of how Sterilon 
doesn't let "disposability" interfere 
with "quality." 


As with all sterile disposable items, the packaging should always be checked. If the packaging is 
damaged or the seal is broken, the product should not be considered sterile. 


- 
5'f'erllDnl STERILON CORPORATION f A SUBSIDIARY OF THE GILLETTE COMPANY 
1505 Washmgton Street, Braintree, Massachusetts 02184 



new products 


{ 


Descriptions are based on information 
supplied by the manufacturer and are 
provided only as a service to readers. 


Entrophen 
(FROSST) 
Description - Each "Polymer 37" coated 
tablet contains acetylsalicylic acid 10 grs. 
fhe "Polymer 37" coating prevents the 
release of the medication in the stomach, 
but allows disintegration in the upper 
intestine where complete absorption takes 
place. Thus, in the treatment of chronic 
arthritides, an adequate serum salicylate 
level can be maintained without gastric 
intolerance. 
Indications - Rheumatic disease, rheum- 
atic fever, gastric intolerance to A.S.A. 
Entrophen with codeine is available for 
severe chronic arthritic pain. 
Side-effect. - Tinnitus, nausea, vomit- 
ing and diarrhea. Idiosyncrasy to acetyl- 
salicylic acid is usually manifest as skin 
rash. Anaphylaxis is uncommon. 
Caution - Acetylsalicylic acid may 
depress the plasma prothrombin concentra- 
tion. Care should be exercised, therefore, 
when Entrophen and anticoagulants are pre- 
scribed concurrently. Large doses of sali- 
cylates may have a hypoglycemic action. 
This may affect the insulin requirements of 
diabetics. Salicylates can produce changes 
in thyroid function tests and slightly in- 
crease the renal excretion of uric acid 
(urincosuric action). 
F or further information On dosage and 
availability, write Charles E. Frosst & Co.. 
P.O. Box 247, Montreal, Quebec. 


Unipen 
(WYETH) 
Description - Unipen nafcillin sodium 
kills staph orally or by injection with high 
concentrations in the tissues. 
Do.age - Intravenous route: 500 mg. 
every four hours. Intramuscular route: ad- 
ministered by deep intragluteal injection, 
500 mg. every six hours. For infants and 
children the dosage must be reduced to 25 
mg. per kg. once or twice daily. Oral route: 
250 mg. to 500 mg. every four to six hours. 
For infants and children, dosages should 
be based on 25/50 mg. per kg. per day in 
four divided doses. 
In severe infections, both oral and parent- 
eral dosage should be doubled. Orally, 
Unipen should be given in the fasting state. 
Precautions - Safety for use in preg- 
nancy has not been established. Observe 
care in intravenous use since thrombo- 
phlebitis has been observed. As with other 
penicillins, possible allergic reactions should 
be considered. 
Contraindication. - Do not use Unipen 
APRIL 1967 


in patients sensitive to penicillin. Unipen 
is not indicated in minor or trivial infec- 
tions. Its use should be accompanied by 
appropriate bacteriologic studies. 
Full information is available from John 
Wyeth and Brother (Canada) Limited. 
Windsor, Ontario. 


,-- "' 


- 


Spil-Pruf 
(RUSCH) 
Description - A urinal for the bedfast 
male patient. The Spil-Pruf Male Urinal is 
guaranteed not to spill, not only when the 
device is turned upside down, but also 
when dropped or even thrown. 
Made from acid-resistant, non-absorbent 
polypropylene, the entire unit may be auto- 
claved or chemically disinfected. It does 
not retain odors and because it is practical- 
ly noiseless it will not awaken sleeping 
patients if it is dropped. 
For further information write: Rusch of 
Canada Limited, 25 Grenville Street, To- 
ronto 5. Ontario. 


Belt No. 66- T 
(POSEY) 
Description - A modified version of the 
Posey Belt No. 66. As with the original, 
the new model provides bed safety, with a 
maximum of patient movement, and is 
constructed of heavy, reinforced white cot- 
ton webbing. with a flannel-lined canvas 
reinforced insert. In use, the belt ties to 
both sides of the bed for additional security. 
Inquiries regarding this new belt should 
be directed to your local hospital equip- 
ment dealer, or to the J.T. Posey Company. 
39 S. Santa Anita Avenue, Pasadena, Cali- 
fornia 91107. 


Booklets Available 
The Canadian Cancer Society makes 
available some books for nurses and per- 
sons who will be providing care for cancer 
patients in the home. 
Cancer Manual for Public Health Nurses, 
a 112-page paperback book, includes infor- 
mation about cancer of selected sites, and 
emphasizes the function of the public 
health nurse in the cancer control pro- 
gram and in the physical and psychological 
care of the patient. 
Essentials of Cancer Nursing is a 125- 
page book prepared for student nurses. It 
outlines the types and sites of cancer and 
discusses the nature of the disease in detail. 
Special nursing procedures are included. 
This manual is especially valuable in aid- 
ing the student to realize the psychological 
and socioeconomic problems created by the 
disease. 
A book for graduate nurses, A Cancer 
Source Book for Nurses, discusses the pro- 
blem of cancer in more depth than the 
student manual. It was prepared by the 
American Cancer Society, and the agencies 
mentioned are essentially American, but it 
is an excellent aid. 
A 42-page manual covering nursing pro- 
cedures, A Cancer Guide for Practical 
Nurses, would be useful to homemakers 
caring for patients in the home, as well as 
for practical nurses. The procedures are 
clearly explained and the booklet is well- 
illustrated. 
Single copies of these booklets may be 
obtained through your local Cancer Society, 
or by writing directly to the Canadian 
Cancer Society, 790 Bay Street, Toronto, 
Ontario. 


A brochure dealing with the facilities 
and limits for flying patients on board air- 
craft has been published by Swissair, the 
national airline of Switzerland. 
Called Patients Flying by Swissair, the 
publication is available to doctors, nurses, 
and others charged with caring for sick 
or disabled persons. It lists the pre-flight 
formalities and facilities available for 
transporting patients to and from the air- 
craft, special care during the flight, and the 
airline's procedure in the event of deterior- 
ation in the patient's condition during 
flight. 
Copies of the brochure are available 
from Swissair's district offices throughout 
North America or from its Public Rela- 
tions Department, 608 Fifth Avenue, New 
York City 10020. 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 25 



. 


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26 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


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When the 
call is for IIStat. II 
diagnostic findings 


. . . you can rely on AMES tests for immediate 
results in which you can have the utmost 
confidence. For example: 


lABSTIX * Reagent Strips: provide the broadest urine 
screening possible from a single reagent strip test; you get 
5 basic uro-analytical facts in 30 seconds-pH; protein; 
glucose; ketones (acetone and acetoacetic acid), and occult 
blood. The new firm, clear, plastic reagent strip permits 
precise, reproducible readings in all 5 diagnostic areas. 


DEXTROSTIX * Reagent Strips: provide a blood glucose 
determination in just 60 seconds with only one drop of 
capillary blood. DEXTROSTIX is invaluable in diabetic 
screening and management, and in emergency situations 
such as differential diagnosis of diabetic coma. This 
"true-glucose" method is also useful in a variety of clinical 
situations where rapid and accurate blood glucose 
estimations are needed. 


CliNITEST. Reagent Tablets-provide a quick, reliable, 
quantitative estimate of urine sugar. Testing with 
CLiNITEST has special significance for the hard-to-control 
diabetic, the newly diagnosed patient, or in diabetes when 
insulin, other medication or diet is being adjusted. 


Reliable Reproducible Results 
AM ES tests are easy to perform and require no elaborate 
laboratory apparatus. They are designed to provide depend- 
able clues to abnormal conditions. when rapid findings are 
necessary. Reagents employed in each strip are precisely 
controlled to provide uniformity in composition. Accurate, 
reliable reproducible readings are thus assured. Ready inter- 
pretation of results is permitted through the precise matching 
of colour changes observed after testing, with colour charts 
provided for each determination. AMES diagnostic aids save 
time, money and space. Moreover they prove of material 
assistance to physicians by helping to recognize patients 
who need immediate care, further study, or more extensive 
diagnostic procedures. 


Ames Company of Canada, ltd. 
Rexdale, Ontario. 


(l!,' 


AIVIES 


>Registered Trademarks 


C AM-03366 


APRIL 1967 



This is the year of the flaming lamp 
on Parliament Hill - a flame that 
symbolizes 100 years of achievement 
since Confederation united a few col- 
onies to make a country. To nurses, 
this flame represents not only 100 
years of Confederation, but also more 
than 300 years of nursing service to 
the people of this country. 
The profession is, indeed, proud of 
its past; but it is also deeply concerned 
with its future. In a large measure, 
future success will be determined by 
the progress made in the basic areas 
of the preparation, utilization, and 
compensation of the practicing nurse. 
It would be comforting indeed if we 
could believe that the necessary 
changes could take place at a leisurely 
pace. to be cheerfully assessed by our 
descendants at Canada's next centen- 
nial. Such is not the case. A leisurely 
pace cannot be maintained if the pro- 
fession is to remain contemporary and 
honor its objectives of service. 
Nursing education is but one of 
several fields giving ample evidence 
of accelerated action and change. The 
long-mooted question of whether the 
entire system of nursing education 
should be integrated into the general 
education system is no longer pertinent. 
The pertinent questions today are 
when and how this will be done. The 
answers are coming in fast, province 
by province. 
First to grasp the torch of the 
modern nursing education principles 
was Saskatchewan. In fact, and in 
law in this province, all nursing edu- 
cation is now a responsibility of the 
Department of Education. Other pro- 
vinces are following rapidly. Legislation 
is now before the government of New 
Brunswick to bring the education of 
nurses and some other categories of 
health workers into the educational 
stream of that province; in Alberta, 
two new programs of nursing education 
are developing in junior colleges; in 
Quebec, implementation of the Parent 
Commission Report will assure not 
only that all nursing education is with- 
in the educational system, but that 
nursing education will evolve similar 
to that of all other professional and 
APRIL 1967 


vocational groups in the province. 
Courageous plans are emerging in 
Manitoba: "The report on the year- 
long study. tabled in the provincial 
legislature... recommends that student 
nurses be excluded from hospi.al op- 
erations in the province and that their 
course of studies be cut to two years," 
a newspaper reports. In Prince Edward 
Island, a plan to move nursing edu- 
cation into the educational stream has 
been formulated. Newfoundland is also 
seriously studying the implications of 
an educational system for nurses under 
educational auspices, and British Co- 
lumbia is developing plans for the 
orderly movement of all nursing edu- 
cation into the proper educational 
setting. Nova Scotia, too, is looking at 
ways and means of improving its 
diploma programs in nursing edu- 
cation. 
Ontario. on the other hand, is im- 
plementing a program that suports the 
introduction of "regional" schools. 
This move toward the establishment of 
separate, single-purpose institutions 
under the general jurisdiction of the 
provincial department of health raises 
many questions. Countries or regions 
that have adopted such a pattern at- 
test that it is less than second best. 
Hopefully, this system eventually will 
be introduced into the educational 
stream as an integral part of the 
province's newly-developing, post-high 
school institutions. Nothing less will 
match the march across Canada. 
These changes, although rapid and 
profound. will not come easily. Emo- 
tions will get in the way. Can we 
survive the torture of watching the 
new nurse emerge better equipped for 
today and tomorrow's health needs? 
To hurdle the emotional obstacles. 
submit to sincere self-examination, 
sort out the false from the true tradi- 
tions in nursing, and then add up the 
pros and cons of the newly-emerging 
systems of education, is to conclude 
that it is our responsibility to stand 
squarely behind the policies to which 
we have subscribed. 
But at this time, more than new 
programs in the general educational 
system are required - and more than 


EDITORIAL I 


tacit approval needed. Specifically, 
nurses must give active support to both 
the university schools and the new 
diploma schools and so channel the 
resources that at least 25 percent of the 
active nurses population are graduated 
from university schools of nursing. 
Today, only about 6,000 of Canada's 
120,000 registered nurses have gradu- 
ated from university programs. The in- 
crease in percentage of nurses graduat- 
ing from basic baccalaureate programs 
is almost imperceptible and a long, 
long way from the 25 percent required 
to achieve the level and type of nursing 
care required for our people. 
The adequate preparation of nurses 
is important, but can be a self-defeat- 
ing process if the time of the well- 
prepared nurse is not adequately 
employed. It is estimated that at least 
100,000 nursing hours are wasted in 
Canada every day 
hrough poor utiliz- 
ation of nurses' time. How long can we 
afford this waste? In the face of it, 
how can we claim there is a shortage 
of nurses? 
Some small improvement in better 
utilization of nursing time has been 
recorded across the country. Auto- 
mation may herald the beginning of a 
real breakthrough. Nurses themselves 
are analyzing this problem and seek- 
ing assistance in remedying it. 
Yet there are breakthroughs in areas 
other than education and practice. The 
nurses across this country are justly 
concerned about their economic status. 
They are even comfortable in partici- 
pating openly in negotiations to im- 
prove their social and economic wel- 
fare. Where a decade ago the negotia- 
tion of salary was believed to be 
incompatible with professionalism, it 
has now become one of the Associa- 
tion's major programs. 
Nursing in this time of the health 
revolution is demanding and exciting. 
To keep apace we will need to consol- 
idate our efforts to move ahead, en- 
ergetically, in the preparation, utili- 
zation, and compensation of the practi- 
tioner. 


- H.K.M. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 27 




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Nursing station at 
Expo 67 


Nurses visiting Expo 67 will want to find time to see their exhibit. An "intensive 
observation station," equipped with the latest telemetering and recording 
devices, television monitors and intercommunication equipment, will show how 
modern angels of mercy "watch over" seriously-injured or dangerously-ill 
patients. 


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28 THE CANADIAN NURSE APRIL 1967 



Today's nurse - helped by electron- 
ic equipment - must combine "inten- 
sive observation" as a part of her nur- 
turing role in positive patient care. 
The Intensive Observation Station in 
the Man and His Health Pavilion at 
Expo 67 is designed to interpret this 
aspect of the nurse's role. 
Taped recordings from real patients 
will demonstrate changes in condition, 
such as in severe burn cases, cardiac 
arrest, hemorrhage, and postoperative 
infection. These "happenings" will 
show the public the nurse in action. 
Meditheatre 
The Man and His Health Pavilion 
is divided into two parts. A central 
core contains six stages where live 
actors will perform medical demons- 
trations. This Meditheatre is sur- 
rounded by sloping ramps that will 
permit 750 persons to circulate around 
the stages during each performance. 
Three large screens situated high over 
the actors' heads (one visible from 
any point on the surrounding walk) 
will show details of the action or de- 
pict aspects referred to in the actors' 
conversation. 
The dramatic presentation will show 
two "doctors" making rounds. On one 
stage they visit a nursery with a heal- 
thy baby and a newborn suffering 
from Rh incompatibility. As the "doc- 
tors" talk, the screens will show recent 
developments in intraperitoneal and 
postnatal replacement transfusion that 
enabled doctors to save the babe's life. 
Other "visits" include a few mo- 
ments watching open heart surgery; a 
call at the physiotherapy department 
where an amputee patient is learning 
how to use new prosthetic limbs; a 
discussion with a "patient" on the ar- 
tificial kidney; and two more stops 
showing similar modern developments 
in medicine. The entire Meditheatre 
performance will take 20 minutes. 
Peripheral exhibit area 
The peripheral area of the building 
contains free-standing exhibit islands 
and demonstration booths. 
Exhibits planned for this area inclu- 
de one showing the effects of LSD on 
spiders; a transparent man and wo- 
man; surgical instruments of yesterday 
and today; an autoanalyzer and 
computer laboratory equipment; a 
pharmaceutical exhibition showing how 
a new antibiotic is developed and re- 
constructing Fleming's original dis- 
covery of penicillin; and the nurses' 
station. 
Photographs, illuminated objects, 
and other media, such as "people 
screens" - curtains composed of 
APRIL 1967 


photographs of faces swinging gently 
- are means of dividing off sections 
in this area. 


Staff for the Nurses' Station 
The nurses' booth is one of the few 
"manned" exhibits. Twenty-one gra- 
duate nurses and 78 students from the 
ten provinces and three participating 
states (Maine, New York, and Ver- 
mont) will rotate during the si
-month 
period. Graduates will have a 30-day 
tour of duty; students wiH work 17 
days. The hospital or school that no- 
minated them has granted the selected 
nurses leave with pay, travel expenses, 
and a small daily allowance. 
The 21 graduates were selected 
from 56 candidates; 116 students were 
nominated for the 78 positions. A spe- 
cial advisory committee made the se- 
lection based on geographical repre- 
sentation, experience, and language. 
Miss Rita Lussier, nursing coordin- 
ator for "Man and His Health," has 
a planned rotation. One graduate and 
two students will be on duty at all 
times, working a 5-day, 28-hour week, 
on duty four hours at a time. "Duty is 
arranged so that each nurse wiH have 
full opportunity to enjoy other features 
of the Exhibition," explained Miss 
Lussier. "Her service pass covers ad- 
mission to the Expo grounds and to all 
theme, national, and private pavilions." 
The Canadian Nurses' Association, 
White Sister Uniforms, and Siemens 
Medical of Canada are co-sponsors and 
are working closely with Expo officials 
to relate the exhibit to the overall theme. 
CNA is responsible for organiza- 
tion and staffing; Siemens Medical of 
Canada (with Siemens Reiniger Wer- 
ke, A. G. of Germany) is furnishing all 
graphic, electronic and other equip- 
ment; and White Sister Uniforms, Inc. 
is providing special uniforms and will 
see to their servicing during the ex- 
hibition. 


Distinctive expo uniform 
Graduate nurses wiJI wear a white 
uniform designed especially for Expo 
67, distinguished by their pins and 
school caps. Student nurses will wear 
the uniform of their school. 
White Sister, who designed the uni- 
form, will give three dresses to each 
graduate working in the nurses' sta- 
tion, and will send two uniforms to 
each student as gifts upon graduation. 
These select nurses will be the only 
ones to wear the distinctive uniform, 
as the pattern will not be for sale. A 
committee selected the skimmer sil- 
houette, believing it represented the 
forward image of today's nurse. A 
sculptured collar is held by the Expo 
67 pin. Special features include three- 


quarter sleeves that can be folded into 
a short-sleeve style, and the comfor- 
table "action-back." 


Off duty 
"All work and no play makes Jill 
a dull nurse," says Mr. Norman Lupo- 
vich, president of White Sister. So the 
company is providing the nurses work- 
ing at Expo with tickets to one of the 
performances at Place des Arts. 
Working nurses will be billetted at 
nurses' residences in the city and will 
have an excellent opportunity to get to 
know their Montreal colleagues. 
Working at Expo 67 will also be a 
learning experience. Nurses wiJI be re- 
quired to submit a resume on tomor- 
row's equipment and care as they ex- 
perienced it. 0 


.1 


\ 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 29 



Tomorrow's nursing education 
in Saskatchewan 


Hospital schools of nursing in Sas- 
katchewan, 11 in number, are on the 
threshold of losing their identity - 
something the majority have had for at 
least 50 years. Legislation passed in 
1966 has meant that present schools 
will be dissolved and in their place re- 
gional (central) schools of nursing 
will be established by the Department 
of Education. Prior to this legislation, 
hospital schools of nursing were under 
the administrative control of the De- 
p
rtment of Public Health in this pro- 
VInce. 
It is hoped that the first regional 
school will be established by Septem- 
ber 1967. How many will be establish- 
ed is an unknown factor. But in the 
foreseeable future there will be two. 
Another possible change, in the 
distant future, is the termination of 
educational programs preparing nursing 
assistants and psychiatric nurses once 
the two-year diploma nursing edu- 
cation programs are well established in 
the regional schools. Simultaneously. 
special programs enabling registered 
psychiatric nurses to complete require- 
ments for registration into the Saskat- 
chewan Registered Nurses' Association 
would be organized. 
Still another future change will be to 
develop a four-year integrated bacca- 
laureate program at the University of 
Saskatchewan School of Nursing in 
Saskatoon, and. as the need is indicat- 
ed, the establishment of a second 
baccalaureate program at the Univer- 
sity of Saskatchewan in Regina. Per- 
30 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Suddenly tomorrow's nursing education is here and we are in the awkward 
position of functioning in yesterday's. How did it happen? Why did it happen? 
What is tomorrow's education? Will it meet the nursing service needs of 
our society? 


Linda Long, B.N., M.N. 


. 


,,, 


Miss Long is Advisor to Schools of Nur- 
sing. Saskatchewan Registered Nurses' As- 
sociation Regind. Saskatchewan. 


haps once these have been developed, 
the one-year university certificate pro- 
grams in public health, teaching in 
schools of nursing, administration, and 
psychiatry could be discontinued. Also, 
consideration then should be given to 
the establishment of a post-baccalau- 
reate degree program. 
Why change? 
Many nurses have graduated from 
the above-mentioned programs and 
have made a very significant contri- 


bution to society and the profession of 
nursing. The health world is better 
because of them. Why, then, the transfer 
to another department of government 
and why the dissolution of hospital 
schools of nursing? 
The purpose of the Saskatchewan 
Registered Nurses' Association is to 
"ensure that a high quality of nursing 
service will be available to the public." 
This is its professional responsibility 
and it was incorporated for this pur- 
pose. 
Over the past 50 years this Asso- 
ciation has been the instigator of many 
changes that have brought about im- 
provement in nursing practice and in 
the educational programs designed to 
prepare future nurses. Tomorrow's 
change in nursing education is another 
instance of this Association's profes- 
sional leadership in striving toward 
better patient care. 
This major change in nursing edu- 
cation in Saskatchewan resulted from 
a study on nursing education requested 
by the SRNA and carried out by the 
Department of Public Health. In 1965, 
an Ad Hoc Committee was established 
to carry out a complete study on nur- 
sing education. A review of the past 
is necessary to understand why. 
A developing need for change 
Historical data show that change 
was necessary, and its arrival was not 
so sudden. However, the implementa- 
tion of some of the suggested changes 
is occurring more rapidly than is prob- 
APRIL 1967 



ably desirable and comfortable. 
Within a 20-year period, 1946- 
1966, the SRNA submitted seven 
briefs and one report to the Depart- 
ment of Public Health for considera- 
tion. These submissions expressed 
concern about standards of nursing 
pr .lctice, educational programs, pro- 
blems in the nursing profession, and 
the efforts being made to improve 
them. 
The Department of Public Health in 
Saskatchewan over the years has con- 
sidered and granted many of the Asso- 
ciation's requests. It has supported 
changes in the Requirements for Ap- 
proval of Schools of Nursing and 
Admission to the Saskatchewan Re- 
gÏ!.tered Nurses' Association. Financial 
support to nursing educational pro- 
grams has steadily increased and the 
department has made a significant con- 
tribution to experimentation in diploma 
nursing education. Total costs of the 
Ad Hoc Committee on Nursing Edu- 
cation in 1965 were assumed by this 
provincial department. 
Voices over the years have request- 
ed change in nursing education pat- 
terns. Criticisms are recorded in many 
publications familiar to the nursing 
population. Some that seem to have 
affected the province most significant- 
ly are: the Weir Report, 1932; The 
Study of the First Three Years, 1957; 
the Cost Study of Basic Nursing Edu- 
cation in Saskatchewan, 1958; the Re- 
port on the Status of Basic Nursing 
Education in Saskatchewan, 1957; 
Spotlight on Nursing Education, 1960; 
A Path to Quality, 1964; Portrait of 
Nursing, 1965; the Report of the 
Royal Commission on Health Sèrvices, 
1964; tht Report of "Project 65," 
1966; the Requirements for Approval 
of Schools of Nursing and Admission 
to the Saskatchewan Registered Nurses' 
Association (5 revisions within 25 
years - latest 1963). 
And changes begin 
The effects of these voices have 
been seen in the closure of some 
hospital schools of nursing and im- 
provements in others. They have also 
provided the necessary impetus for 
other major administrative changes. 
The 1963 revised Requirements for 
Approval of Schools of Nursing and 
Admission to the Saskatchewan Re- 
gistered Nurses' Association support- 
ed shortened nursing education pro- 
grams provided they were educational- 
ly controlled. They recognized the 
need to establish hospital schools of 
nursing on a sounder educational basis; 
to attract and maintain students in 
schools of nursing; and to consider the 
changes in general education and the 
health needs of our society. These 
APRil 1967 


"Requirements" were developed over 
a five-year period and involved work- 
shops, institutes, and meetings by facul- 
ty members from each school of nur- 
sing. Directors of schools of nursing 
proposed a resolution for acceptance 
and the "Requirements" were approv- 
ed at the annual meetin5 of the Asso- 
ciation in May, 1963. 
The 1963 "Requirements" include: 
independent organization and admini- 
stration of a school of nursing; suf- 
ficient number of qualified teaching 
staff by a specified date; academic 
grade X I [ (senior matriculation) 
standing (university entrance) for ap- 
plicants; organized guidance programs 
to help students make educational, 
personal and professional adjustments; 
adequate facilities for effective admi- 
nistration of the educational program; 
a new curriculum (minimum 22 
months plus two months holiday) de- 
signed with consideration of the stu- 
dent's educational background, in- 
creased available medical knowledge, 
educational status of patients, nursing 
needs of society, and the basic prin- 
ciples of learning for student, teacher 
ann patient. 
implementation presented problems. 
Many of these were alleviated through 
discussions with the Department of 
Public Health, workshops and insti- 
tutes with faculty in the schools of 
nursing, and the services of an edu- 
cational consultant. In addition, the 
Association presented a Brief to the 
Department of Public Health request- 
ing further assistance. This Department 
financially supported experimentation 
with shortened programs in three 
hospital schools cf nursing after their 
proposed programs were approved by 
the Saskatchewan Registered Nurses' 
Association. They also approved addi- 
tional faculty in other schools of 
nursing. 
Development of shortened programs 
in other hospital schools of nursing 
became the next logical step for a 
number of reasons. First, recruitment 
could be affected; students would like- 
ly go to those schools offering shorten- 
ed programs. Second, revision in curri- 
cula of these other schools and the in- 
creased control of the students' time 
by the teachers coincided with many 
of the Association's requirements for 
shortened programs. Third, organiza- 
tion and activity of faculty had improv- 
ed and the number of qualified teachers 
had increased. Fourth, in most in- 
stances educational facilities had been 
increased (although not to their fullest 
need); library budgets had increased 
rapidly; more use of community re- 
sources for student clinical experience 
was accepted; all students now could 
receive psychiatric nursing experience. 


Fifth, systems of record keeping im- 
proved and better use of records ma- 
terial was made by teaching staff. 
Sixth, but not by any means least or 
last, selection and evaluation methods 
of applicants and nursing students also 
improved. 
Administrative problems arise 
In view of all the above-mentioned 
improvements, why not Jet all hospitals 
develop shortened programs? 
Administrative educational inde- 
pendence in all hospital schools of 
nursing is needed. The provincial an- 
nual evaluation reports show that pro- 
gress toward complete achievement of 
the 1963 "requirements" is handi- 
capped by hospital aØministrative con- 
trol. Budgets for schools are within the 
general budget for that particular 
hospital. As the school of nursing con- 
tinues to achieve more of the 1963 
"Requirements." cost to the hospital 
increases. This poses a question of 
service versus education cost to the 
hospital. 
It further poses the question: Should 
the Department of Public Health as- 
sume this cost when its primary 
function is the provision of health 
services to the public? It seems logical 
that the Department of Education 
should assume the financial responsi- 
bility as it does for other professional 
education programs and because its 
primary function is the provision of 
educational opportunities for the 
people of Saskatchewan. Transfer of 
such a responsibility should provide 
educational independence for schools 
of nursing. 
Another major administrative hand- 
icap is that hospitals include the school 
of nursing as a component of the 
formally structured nursing service de- 
partment, whose primary function, like 
other hospital departments (x-ray, diet 
kitchen, laundry, operating room), is 
service to the patient. The nursing 
service department is concerned about 
utilizing the nurse to meet patient 
needs. The school of nursing is con- 
cerned about preparing the nurse to 
meet patient needs. Although their ulti- 
mate goal is the same - to meet 
patient needs - the purpose for each 
one's existence is different and re- 
quires separate administration. They 
require different nurse administrators 
- one experienced and well prepared 
in the field of nursing service, and the 
other experienced and well prepared 
in the field of nursing education, with 
both having as their ultimate goal, 
better patient care. To date, only four 
hospital schools of nursing have a full- 
time director responsible for the ad- 
ministration of the school and not all 
of these have authority to conduct the 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 31 



business of their respective schools. 
Further needs 
The provincial annual evaluation re- 
ports of the schools of nursing also 
show that although many of the 1963 
"requirements" were achieved and 
others are in the developmental pro- 
cess, a vital question arises: What is 
the most economical and effective way 
for improvements to be made so that 
the nursing needs of Saskatchewan can 
be met? Saskatchewan appears to be 
very short of nurses; our present 
system does not seem to fulfill the 
need. The Association has predicted 
that by 1975 at least 3,000 more 
nurses will be required to maintain the 
current ratio of one nurse to 287 
people in our province. Our greatest 
resource pool for graduate nurses is 
from the diploma nursing education 
programs. The need for more nurses 
prepared at the degree level is also rec- 
ognized and the Association predicted 
that by 1975 at least 1,000 more would 
be required. 
Hospital schools of nursing conduct- 
ing the total educational program (four 
in number) appear to have fewer dif- 
ficulties in implementing their curricula 
than those (seven in number) who 
share administrative responsibility for 
their programs with a Centralized 
Teaching Program. All three shortened 
programs (varying in length from two 
to two-and-one-half years) and the 
two-plus-one-year internship program 
occur in schools not involved in the 
Centralized Teaching Program. "Pro- 
ject '65" (the study of the Centralized 
Teaching Program and the seven par- 
ticipating hospital schools of nursing) 
appears to support one administration 
for the total educational program, 
amalgamation and centralization of the 
schools under educational institutions. 
Maximum utilization of clinical resour- 
ces was emphasized. This study advo- 
cated these institutions be affiliated in 
some way with the University of Sas- 
katchewan. 
Other problems identified in "Pro- 
ject '65" corroborated many of those 
continually mentioned in the provincial 
annual evaluation reports of the Saskat- 
chewan schools of nursing. Many of 
these problems were mentioned in the 
Weir Report of 1932. The major ones 
are: 
I. Lack of prepared nurses - espe- 
cially in senior nursing service posi- 
tions - who possess skill in organiza- 
tion, assessment of patient care and 
ability to direct others in that care. This 
lack affects the climate in which stu- 
dents learn and patients receive care. 
2. Lack of prepared and sufficient 
numbers of teachers in schools of nur- 
sing. In 1965, only 21 percent of the 
32 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


teachers in schools of nursing had a 
bachelor degree and 43 percent had no 
preparation beyond the basic three- 
year diploma program. A basic prin- 
ciple in education is that the prepara- 
tion of a teacher should be beyond 
that of her student. Another difficulty 
is to attract and maintain full-time 
prepdred teachers, especially to smaller 
centers. Certainly more attractive per- 
sonnel policies help, but freedom to 
develop an educational program is 
also a strong incentive. 
3. Service expectations often take 
priority to educational needs. It is only 
fair that students in schools of nursing 
attain the same status as any other 
student attending post-secondary edu- 
cational institutions. Their educational 
needs must be considered so that they 
achieve the desired aim. 
4. Recruitment of the most suitable 
students is more difficult for the 
schools of nursing outside the major 
cities of Regina and Saskatoon. 
5. Reasons for student withdrawal 
in schools of nursing were, in order 
of frequency: dislike for nursing, dis- 
satisfaction with the program, and 
academic difficulty. Recognition must 
be given to presenting an attractive 
program and safeguarding its imple- 
mentation. 
6. Only a few organized guidance 
and counseling programs for students 
are found in the schools, although 
some are in the process of develop- 
ment. Guidance is given to students by 
individual teachers but is limited be- 
cause of teachers' work load and lack 
of preparation in principles of guid- 
ance. 
7. Planned and active inservice 
education programs are greatly needed 
both for faculty in schools and nursing 
service personnel in hospitals. Impro- 
vement in quality of service results 
when staff are better informed. Staff 
are also more satisfied when their in- 
terests are considered. 
All these problems have contributed 
to a crisis in the quality and quantity 
of nurses required to meet future 
nursing service needs and the rapidly 
expanding health services. This crisis 
led the SRNA to suggest the complete 
study of the problem. The Depart- 
ment of Public Health established the 
Ad Hoc Committee on Nursing Edu- 
cation, consulted with the SRNA re- 
garding terms of reference, and ap- 
pointed three nurses to this Committee 
as opposed to only one representative 
from each of the six other related 
health and educational organizations. 


Tomorrow's change 
The Ad Hoc Committee on Nursing 
Education surveyed hospital diploma 
and the baccalaureate degree nursing 


education programs in detail. The nur- 
sing assistant program (there is only 
one in Saskatchewan and it is con- 
ducted by the Department of Educa- 
tion) and the three psychiatric nursing 
education programs (conducted by 
Psychiatric Service, Department of 
Public Health) were also considered, 
but in less detail. 
Cost of nursing education in hospi- 
tals conducting schools of nursing was 
analyzed and studies to assess nursing 
activities were established. Replace- 
ment of nursing student service to the 
hospital was estimated and a survey of 
the potential nursing force in Saskat- 
chewan, current and projected five 
years into the future, was done. The 
SRNA conducted this latter survey and 
is in the process of analyzing its data. 
Assistance was given by Research 
Division, Department of Public Health. 
Many of the recommendations made 
by the Ad Hoc Committee on Nursing 
Education in July 1966 were a restate- 
ment of those made by the SRNA in 
the Brief submitted to the Committee. 
Those of particular significance and 
upon which action has been taken are: 
1. Removal of diploma schools of 
nursing from hospitals, whose primary 
function is service to the patient, not 
education. 
2. Transfer of financial control of 
these schools of nursing from the De- 
partment of Public Health, whose pri- 
mary function is health services, to the 
Department of Education, whose pri- 
mary function is education. 
3. Regionalization (centralization) 
of schools of nursing so that the best 
use can be made of all resources 
(teacher, student, clinical experience, 
physical facilities and financial). 
4. Development of shortened and 
improved educational diploma nursing 
programs with control over the nursing 
student's required educational expe- 
riences. Minimum standards for short- 
ened programs were established by the 
SRNA and approved by the Senate of 
the University of Saskatchewan in 1963. 
5. Development of a four-year inte- 
grated baccalaureate program at the 
University of Saskatchewan School of 
Nursing. 
6. Increased financial support to 
students enrolling in any of the nursing 
programs. 
The Ad Hoc Committee on Nursing 
Education further recommended that 
the SRNA continue to retain control 
of minimum standards for eligibility 
into the profession and continue to 
conduct licensing examinations. This 
control is essential so that nursing 
standards may be maintained and 
nurses may be protected in their pro- 
fessional practice. 
An amendment to the Education Act 
APRil 1967 



provided for the transfer of diploma 
nursing education programs from the 
Department of Public Health to the 
Department of Educatio
. Proclama- 
tion of a new Act Respectmg the Edu- 
cation for Nurses was given in March 
1966. It established a Board of Nursing 
Education to function in an advisory 
capacity to the Minister of Education. 
Of the 12 members on this Board, six 
are nurses representing the SRNA. The 
current chairman is the medical repre- 
sentative from the College of Physi- 
cians and Surgeons. This Board con- 
cerns itself with diploma nursing edu- 
cation and later will assume control of 
that for ancillary nursing personnel. It 
is anticipated that once the new system 
of diploma nursing education is esta- 
blished, attention will be given to the 
educational programs for psychiatric 
nurses and the nursing assistant. 
The SRNA has recommended, that 
when the new shortened programs in 
diploma nursing education are est- 
ablished: the nursing assistant pro- 
gram be discontinued; the program 
preparing psychiatric nurses be dis- 
continued; and special programs 
should be established to allow psy- 
chiatric nurses to complete the re- 
quirements for registration into the 
SRNA. 
Reasons for these recommendations 
are detailed in the Association's Brief 
to the Ad Hoc Committee on Nursing 
Education in 1965. 
Changes at the departmental level 
As diploma nursing education is 
post-secondary level, it presented dif- 
ficulties to the Department of Educa- 
tion as to where it would fit into the 
Department's current structured divi- 
sions. There did not appear to be a 
division specific to post-secondary edu- 
cation. However, a national educational 
trend appears to be emphasizing the 
need to develop post-secondary edu- 
cation programs, thus providing for 
the group of high school graduates who 
may not wish to go on to university 
but need further education for employ- 
ment. Hopefully, community colleges 
may be developed for this group. It is 
understood that the Department of 
Education in Saskatchewan is consider- 
ing this educational movement which 
would involve structure changes within 
the department. However, until such 
time as this change occurs, the Depart- 
ment of Education has organized a nur- 
sing division which is directly respons- 
ible to the Deputy Minister of Edu- 
cation_ 
The Department of Education ap- 
pointed Sister Thérèse Castonguay as 
the Superintendent of Nursing Educa- 
tion of the nursing division. She is re- 
sponsible for development of diploma 
APRil 1967 


nursing education in Saskatchewan. 
This means establishment of the re- 
gional (central) schools of nursing and 
phasing out of the current hospital 
schools of nursing. This is a major 
task, requiring a great deal of organiza- 
tion and careful implementation of the 
planned changes. 
Plans are in progress for the esta- 
blishment of the first regional (central) 
school of nursing by September 1967. 
It will be located in Saskatooh at the 
Institute of Applied Arts and Sciences 
(formerly known as Saskatchewan 
Technical Institute) which is partially 
post-secondary education. When this 
school of nursing is established, it is 
expected that the Centralized Teaching 
Program (presently located in Saska- 
toon) will close and the seven parti- 
cipating hospital schools of nursing 
will stop enrolling students. These 
seven schools will complete the pro- 
grams for students currently enrolled in 
their respective schools, however. Four 
of these seven schools of nursing are 
not located in Saskatoon, and their 
distance from this city varies from 
75 to 200 miles. 
Once the regional (central) school 
of nursing is established in Saskatoon, 
plans will then proceed for the develop- 
ment of another in Regina. This invol- 
ves four hospital schools of nursing, of 
which two schools are located in a 
smaller city 40 miles away. 
When community colleges develop 
post-secondary education programs in 
Saskatchewan, it is hoped Regina will 
be given first consideration and that 
our second regional (central) school 
will be established within such a 
college. The Association has stated 
that "future diploma programs should 
be established in institutions conduct- 
ing post-high school programs which 
have a emphasis on higher education," 
and that their curricula "should be 
composed of a balance between general 
education and nursing courses." 
Three standing committees have 
been established by the Board of 
Nursing Education, with a member of 
the Board as chairman of each. These 
committees - on building, curriculum, 
and standards - have already held 
meetings. Blueprints for the space allo- 
cated to nursing in the Institute of 
Applied Arts and Sciences in Saskatoon 
are completed. The curriculum plan is 
being developed and standards for the 
regional ( central) school are being 
established. 
Planning for further change 
The current Requirements for Ap- 
proval of Schools of Nursing and Ad- 
mission to the Saskatchewan Re- 
gistered Nurses' Association are being 
used as the base line upon which to 


build a curriculum and define standards 
for the new schools. 
Policies for nursing students in the 
regional (central) schools of nursing 
should provide for a greater degree of 
freedom and responsibility for the stu- 
dent and his or her learning. Locating 
these schools of nursing in institutes of 
higher education should attract stu- 
dents from a larger resource pool - 
married women, men, and students 
who normally may not have chosen 
nursing. 
Recruitment and selection methods 
need to be further developed, as do 
counseling programs in high schools, 
regional (central) schools, and bacca- 
laureate nursing education programs. 
Provincially and institutionally, con- 
tinuing education programs will need to 
be established. Workshops, institutes, 
and inservice education must be plan- 
ned. Provision for extension courses 
will need to be made by the University 
of Saskatchewan. These needs have 
always been present but are greater 
with the graduates from the new short- 
ened diploma and the integrated bacca- 
laureate programs. 
Will it meet the needsl 
Will the changes meet the nursing 
service needs of the community? The 
answer: They must. Nurses must see 
that they do. 
The reason for such a major change 
in nursing education was to bring both 
quality and quantity of nursing care 
into line with needs. The opportunity 
is now present to develop nursing 
education programs that could prepare 
the nurse of tomorrow to meet society's 
changing health needs. Nursing service 
needs of society must always serve as 
guides in development of nursing edu- 
cation programs. 
Nurses must continually keep a hand 
on the "pulse" of the community's 
needs and govern the development of 
programs accordingly. We must keep 
informed and aware of the students' 
educational needs and desire to nurse. 
We must continue research into the 
quantity and quality of nursing care 
required by patients with different med- 
ical and dependency needs. Last, but 
most important, we must be ever mind- 
ful of the patients whom we serve. We 
must listen carefully to what they are 
saying and guide our service accord- 
ingly. This is our professional obliga- 
tion. We must see that the individual 
needs of patients are met. 
Changes in nursing education must 
meet the individual patient's needs or 
we have failed as a profession. 0 


Bibliography available on request from 
Editor, The Canadian Nurse. 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 33 



The mother of a six-month old 
baby disappeared from her home. Two 
days later she was found in a small 
cave outside the City of Jerusalem, 
dead from an overdose of barbiturates. 
This woman had been hospitalized 
in a psychiatric ward for a short pe- 
riod after the birth of her child because 
of depression. Later, she was put un- 
der the care of a psychiatric outpatient 
clinic. The family requested that the 
hospitalization be held confidential, 
and so no information was communi- 
cated to the maternal and child health 
station. Although the mother came to 
the center from time to time, the baby 
was usually brought by the husband or 
grandmother, who shied away from 
inquiries about the young mother. 
Considerable soul-searching by both 
the psychiatric staff and the health 
center personnel followed the tragedy. 
Should the family's wish for secrecy 
have been granted? Should it have 
taken precedence over the patient's 
need for intensive follow-up care? 
There was no definite answer for this 
particular case. It was clear. however, 
that better communication and coordi- 
nation between the hospitals and other 
health agencies in the city were needed. 
A second incident further strength- 
ened this belief. A new immigrant who 
lived in a small village about 15 miles 
from Jerusalem gave birth to a low- 
weight baby. On this woman's fourth 
postpartum day her father-in-law died. 
She decided that she had to return 
home to look after her relatives dur- 
34 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


From communication 
to coord i nation 


When a young, depressed woman committed suicide shortly after her baby's 
birth, nurses at several health agencies in Jerusalem decided to take 
action to prevent further tragedies. 


Rebecca Bergman, R.N., Ed.D. 


ing the seven-day mourning period. 
Against medical advice, she signed her- 
self and the baby out of hospital and 
returned home. 
The notice that was sent to the dis- 
trict health office about this mother 
reached the appropriate nurse two days 
later. Fortunately, the nurse was in 
the village - one of three which she 
services - on the day the mother and 
baby returned home. When neighbors 
told her of their return, she went to 
the home immediately and found the 
baby, blue and cold, lying in a room 
full of people. She at once wrapped 
the baby in cotton, moved it into a 
warm, isolated corner, and called the 
doctor. Early nursing intervention pro- 
bably saved this baby's life. 


Directors meet 
Several of the public health nurses 
decided to look for ways to prevent 
such incidents. They invited the direc- 
tors of nursing of the major health 
agencies that service Jerusalem to a 
meeting. Agencies represented were 
the district health office. which pro- 
vides service in the Jerusalem villages; 
the municipal health service, which 
offers maternal. child and school 
health services in the city; a voluntary 
public health agency, which provides 
comprehensive care for one section of 
Jerusalem; three major hospitals, 


Dr. Bergman is with the Department of 
Social Medicine, Hebrew University-Had as- 
sah Medical School, Jerllsalem, Israel. 


which are all voluntary; the district 
mental health office; and a health in- 
surance agency that provides curative 
care in outpatient clinics to residents 
of the city and district. 
The response was immediate and 
positive. Several of the agencies al- 
ready had informal contacts with other 
services; even so, they believed it was 
important to build up regular channels 
of communication with all groups. 
The immediate goals were to exa- 
mine the existing system of inter- 
agency nursing referral, and to set up 
the mechanism of communication to 
provide continuity of nursing care for 
patients as they moved between public 
health. outpatient clinic, and hospital. 


Agency nurses meet weekly 
A team of four nurses, one from 
each of the three public health agen- 
cies and the health insurance agency, 
arranged to meet weekly in the pe- 
diatric ward of each of the three hos- 
pitals. Here they are joined by the 
head nurses of the pediatric and obstet- 
ric services, the hospital social worker, 
and a pediatrician assigned by the 
head of the department. Head nurses 
or physicians of any service can join 
the meeting if they wish to refer a 
patient for follow-up care. The mental 
health nursing coordinator for Jeru- 
salem also attends these meetings when 
she wishes to communicate with any 
of the agencies. 
Histories of new patients, patients 
ready to be discharged from hospital. 
APRil 1%7 



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and patients who have special needs 
are reviewed. The field nurses bring 
information about patients' families 
and environments when requested or 
if they believe such information would 
be helpful. They take notes about each 
patient's home-care needs, and for- 
ward this information to the family 
nurse on the same or next day. Feed- 
back on discharged patients is also 
reported to the hospital. 
Many problems discussed at these 
weekly, two-hour meetings are refer- 
red to the nursing director group, 
whioh meets every two months. 


Staff education 
Many of the hospital nurses had 
never worked in a clinic or public 
health setting, and some public health 
nurses had not been employed in hos- 
pital for many years. Over a period of 
several months, a two-day rotation of 
key nurses was carried out to enable 
them to see what their colleagues were 
doing in the other services. This 
brought them up-to-date on relevant 
practices and strengthened personal 
ties for future cooperation. 
The committee members found that 
they were not sufficiently familiar with 
community resources. To remedy this, 
small subcommittees visited and 
brought back reports on facilities for 
retarded children, rheumatic fever clin- 
ics, nursing homes for the aged, etc. 
These reports were later shared with 
the staff in each agency. 
APRil 1967 


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Problems to be solved 
Several problems required imme- 
diate attention. Birth notices from the 
hospitals were sent to the district 
health office and from there to the 
public health services. The time gap 
varied from several days to weeks. At 
our first meeting, the public health 
nurses emphasized the importance of 
receiving early notification of birth so 
they could prepare for the return of 
mother and baby. The hospital direc- 
tors of nursing and the supervisor 
from the district health office explained 
this need to the clerical staff. Now. 
notice is received by the public health 
nurse within a few days of the baby's 
birth. 
A second problem involved the im- 
portance of communicating relevant 
information about the patient in time 
for appropriate action to be taken. 
Several sessions of the in service and 
administrative meetings in each agen- 
cy centered around this problem. In 
addition, various resources and chan- 
nels for continuity of care were out- 
lined for staff. 
Although the three public health 
services offered care to motJhers and 
children, work with other patients fre- 
quently was limited, depending on the 
policy of each agency. As change in 
policy was beyond the competence of 
the nursing committee, it was decided 
to begin the new program primarily 
with mothers and children. while 
gathering data that could be used 
when presenting a plan for expanded 


-..", 


Hadassah - Hebrew University 
Medical Center in Jerusalem. The 
village of En Kerem is in foreground. 


services to the boards of the agencies. 
Different practices in child care 
were being taught in the agencies, often 
to the confusion of mother and nurse. 
For example, one hospital left the de- 
cision of breast-feeding up to the mo- 
ther; the health center nurses, to whom 
these mothers were referred for super- 
vision. encouraged mothers to breast- 
feed their babies, according to the pol- 
icy of their agency. A combined meet- 
ing of nurses and doctors from the 
hospital and public health service was 
set up, and the rationale of each 
method explained. On some points 
agreement was reached; on others, the 
agency's policy was clarified and taken 
into consideration when planning for 
continued care. 
Since Jerusalem hospitals admit 
emergency cases by rotation on set 
days, a patient might be referred to 
a different hospital for each admis- 
sion. This was particularly true with 
children of immigrant families who 
,had frequent hospitalizations, usually 
on an emergency basis. The disad- 
vantages were obvious. The nursing 
committee asked the inter-hospital 
committee to consider readmission of 
children to the same hospital regard- 
less of the admission day, unless other- 
wise requested by the family. This 
was arranged and is now in force. 
One of the public health agencies 
had the impression that the number 
of umbilical infections of the newborn 
was increasing. The nursing director 
brought this information to the meet- 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 35 



----- 


.. 


\ 


- 


iog, and it was decided to record all 
such infections in hospitals and homes. 
Soon the problem was traced to the 
nursery of one hospital. The tech- 
nique there was revised and the in- 
fections disappeared. 
The hospital nurses reported to the 
committee that the large number of 
visitors to the maternity wards exhaust- 
ed the mothers and interfered with 
care. They requested that public health 
nurses ask the pregnant women to 
arrange for fewer visitors. The public 
health nurses believed it would be bet- 
ter to extend the visiting hours, and 
use a special room for visits. The com- 
mittee decided to conduct a sample 
survey of pregnant women, mothers 
in the obstetrical ward, and hospital 
and public health staff to obtain opin- 
ions and suggestions before recom- 
mending guidelines. This survey is 
presently being carried out. 
Another area still being reviewed in- 
volves the roles of the nurse and so- 
cial worker. Leading social workers 
were invited to join the committee for 
a session in which work problems were 
discussed and literature on the sub- 
ject reviewed. The next step will be 
to hold a meeting with senior repre- 
sentatives of nursing and social work 
education to see what is being taught 
about the other discipline, and to what 
degree the schools can contribute to 
the clarification of roles and promote 
better cooperation. 
The committee is now pressing for 
the expansion of after-care services 
36 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


, 


. 


. 
 


, 


Baby being weighed at the Hadassah 
Family and Community Health Center, 
Kiryat Hayovel, Jerusalem. 


t- 


'- 


-- 


...., 


, 


/ 


... 


The public health nurse receives early 
notification of a birth so that she can 
prepare for the mother and baby's 
return to the community. 


, 
I 'I 


r 



 


" 


( 


for all patients who require it. Two of 
the public health agencies have broad- 
ened their eligibility criteria. The health 
insurance agency is considering an in- 
crease in the number of nurses who 
will provide treatment for home-bound 
patients. Voluntary groups, such as 
the homemaker service and the cancer 
association, are being involved in- 
creasingly in the care of patients who 
have been referred by nurses. 


of 


Summary 
Much ground has been covered in 
the two and one-half years since the 
first meeting. The two major accom- 
plishments probably are the channels 
that have been opened for coordina- 
tion through communication, and the 
readiness to study any problem area in 
which nurses can contribute to better 
patient care. 0 


APRIL 1967 



It is already becoming increasingly 
difficult to know which of many drugs 
should be chosen for a particular pa- 
tient suffering from incurable cancer. 
As yet there is no proven method to 
determine the sensitivity of tumors in 
the same manner that bacteriological 
sensitivity can be established against 
antibiotics. Recent studies\,2 suggest, 
however, that the prognosis of a given 
cancer can be established accurately 
by biochemical analysis of the cell's 
potential for spread and tissue des- 
truction, and that biochemical cell 
weaknesses can be discovered and ex- 
ploited by means of available drugs. 
The family of anti-cancer agents 
includes artificially-produced substan- 
ces as well as natural products obtain- 
ed from animals (antibiotics) Or plants 
(botanicals). Each type of cancer tends 
to follow a pattern of sensitivity, so 
that educated guesses can be made as 
to the most suitable compound that 
should be tried. The difficulty arises 
when a patient does not respond to 
the "most-likely" compound and a 
change must be made. Since all these 
substances are highly toxic, not only 
to tumor tissues but to normal cells 
of the body, it may be necessary to 
wait a few weeks before embarking 
on a second course using another drug. 
In general, those cells in the body 
that divide most rapidly are those most 
affected by any substance that is toxic. 
Since the lining cells of the stomach, 
small bowel, and large bowel have a 
high turnover rate, they therefore are 
APRil 1967 


Current status of 
cancer chemotherapy 


Although still a young field with more problems than answers. cancer 
chemotherapy holds much promise for the future. 


I.W.D. Henderson, M.D. 


- 


rapidly killed by a wide variety of 
drugs that are capable of killing ma- 
lignant c.ells. For this reason toxicity 
of the gastrointestinal tract is fre- 
quently encountered during chemothe- 
rapy. In like manner, the bone mar- 
row is one of the most active tissues 
in the body; patients receiving cancer 
chemotherapeutic agents must have 
frequent estimations of hemoglobin, 
white blood cells, and platelets. 
Clinically, the usual side-effects of 
the compounds are nausea, anorexia, 
diarrhea and abdominal cramping pain. 
Stomatitis can be a problem as the 
cells in the mouth also metabolize 
rapidly. The hematological depressions 
caused by drugs produce anemia with 
its usual side-effects of fatigue, lethar- 
gy, insomnia, shortness of breath, and 
muscle weakness. A low white cell 
count often leads to superimposed in- 
fection of one type or another, and a 
drop in platelets (thrombocytopenia) 
is the basic cause of bleeding in the 
gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, or 
internal organs. 
Perhaps it is the incidence of side- 
effects such as these that make many 
physicians hesitant to use the com- 
pounds in very sick persons. Never- 
theless, a large number of patients can 
be helped with minimum side-effects 
if the drugs are administered carefully 
and expertly with proper monitoring of 
blood counts. 


, 


I 
I 
II 


" 


Dr. Henderson is Cancer Chemotherapist 
at The Montreal General Hospital. 


Pharmacology 
For classification, anti-cancer drugs 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 37 



are separated into alkylating agents, 
anti metabolites, antibiotics, botanicals 
and hormones. In addition, there are 
a number of compounds that are dif- 
ficult to classify for their mode of ac- 
tion is not yet entirely known - des- 
pite the fact that they are claimed to 
be effective in certain types of malig- 
nant disease. (Table J). 


A lkylating Agents 
Alkylating agents form a large fam- 
ily of drugs, including nitrogen mus- 
tard. phenylalanine mustard (Alker- 
an), phenylbutyric mustard (Chloram- 
bucil or Leukeran), cyclophosphamide 
(Procyotx), and triethylene thiopho- 
sphoramide (Thio-Tepa). 
In general, all alyklating agents do 
the same thing when brought into 
contact with living cells. Within each 
cell is a nucleus containing the genetic 
material called chromosomes, half of 
which are derived from the female 
parent, and half from the male. These 
structures are formed of nucleic acids, 
and contain a high concentration of 
free electrons. It has been demonstrat- 
ed that alkylating agents, which are 
short of electrons, are attracted to the 
heart of these chromosomes where 
they react strongly, causing "cross- 
linking," or, stated simply, a "gluing 
together" of the strands. 
During cell division, half the chro- 
mosomes go to one daughter cell and 
half to the other. If the chromosomes 
are glued together, this cannot take 
place; consequently, the cells become 
sterile and die of "old age." 
Alkylating agents have the same 
effect on chromosomes and nucleic 
acids as ionizing radiation. For this 
reason, their effect sometimes is des- 
cribed as radiomimetic. 
Some of the alkylating agents, such 
as nitrogen mustard, must be given 
intravenously; others, such as Chlor- 
ambucil and cyclophosphamide, are 
available as tablets. The drugs as a 
class are most useful in the treatment 
of malignant lymphomas. This overall 
term includes many distinct diseases, 
such as Hodgkin's disease, lympho- 
sarcoma, reticulum cell sarcoma, and 
giant follicular lymphoma. When re- 
missions of these diseases occur, the 
picture can be startling and dramatic. 
A neckfull of large, swollen lymph 
glands may appear normal within a 
very few weeks. Likewise, large epi- 
gastric masses may disappear in a very 
short time and not require further 
treatment for many months or even 
years. Linked to the lymphomas is 
chronic lymphatic leukemia; here, 
again, the alkylating agents are very 
effective. 
Many true cancers, such as carCl- 
38 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Classification of Anti-cancer Drugs 


I) Alkylating Agents: 
Primary target. Nucleic acids of cell nuclei 


2) Antimetabolites: 
Interfere with manufacture of essential ground substances and en- 
zymes within cells. 


3) Certain Antibiotics: 


4) Botanicals: 
Complicated substances from plants. 


5) Hormones: 
Male type; female type; adrenal type. 


6) Miscellaneous: 
Synthetically produced for a specific toxic action. Some are alkylating, 
some antimetabolic, some have unknown mode of action. 


TABLE 1 


noma of the breast and carcinoma of 
the ovary, also respond to alkylating 
agents. Other malignant diseases, in- 
cluding carcinoma of the bronchus 
and carcinoma of the kidney, respond 
poorly to these agents. Even here, how- 
ever, the occasional patient does ex- 
tremely well. 
A mimetabolites 
Antimetabolites are much more 
complicated in action since they in- 
terfere with the manufacture of com- 
plicated chemical compounds within 
the body. In any cell simple substances 
are combined in multiple stages to 
form complex molecules of protein 
and nucleic acids. Malignant cells 
have, in general, a higher growth rate 
than normal cells. They form a "tu- 
mor," and have voracious appetites 
for a number of simple chemical sub- 
stances that eventually are incorpo- 
rated as complex molecules into their 
cell substances. 
Many drugs interfere with the en- 
zymes that carry out biosynthetic as- 
sembly lines. Antivitamins and anti- 
proteins are examples. So far the most 
useful compounds in this series have 
been anti-purines and anti-pyrimi- 
dines. This merely means that they 
block the synthesis or manufacture of 
nucleic acids, the basic ground sub- 
stance of cell nuclei and especially 
chromosomes. Perhaps the best known 
in this group is the drug ame1Jbopterine 
(Methotrexate) which prevents the 
conversion of folic acid into the active 


compound tetrahydrofolic acid, which 
is necessary in the manufacture of 
purines. 
Methotrexate is most useful in the 
highly malignant disease of women 
called choriocarcinoma. This disease 
also occurs in men, where it arises in 
the testes, but for some unknown rea- 
son does not respond to Methotrexate. 
In women, where the tumor arises in 
the products of conception, notably 
the placenta or a hydatidiform mole, 
it rapidly grows and spreads through- 
out the body to lungs, brain, and many 
other organs. For these patients, Meth- 
otrexate can be lifesaving. The drug 
is administered in 5 to 10 day courses 
with intervals of 6 weeks between 
each course. It can be given intra- 
venously or by mouth with a minimum 
of side-effects. The results are some- 
times dramatic in that patients sud- 
denly get well, and the chest x-ray 
that previously demonstrated large 
masses of tumor growing throughout 
the lungs quickly reverts to normal 
within a few weeks. 
It is said that 85 percent of pa- 
tients with choriocarcinoma will res- 
pond to this drug, although only about 
one-half of that number will have long- 
term remissions or cures. There are 
now many examples of patients who 
have had further children without any 
evidence of tumor recurrence. 


Antibiotics 
Many antibiotics not only kill vi- 
ruses and bacteria but also affect malig- 
APRil 1967 



Uses of Chemotherapy 
I Adjunctive to Surger) 
a. For circulating cancer cells 
b. For washouts 
c. For effusions 
II Adjunctive to Radiotherap
. 
Possible radiopotentiation 
III S-,'stemic ChemotherapJ 
a. Leukemias 
b. Lymphomas tdecreasing 
c. Carcinomas y usefulness 
d. Sarcomas 
IV Regional Chemotherap
 
a. Perfusions 
b. Intra-arterial infusions. 


TABLE 2 


nant tissue. The best known is act- 
inomycin. which was discovered by 
Waksman of Rutgers University while 
he was looking for the anti-tubercu- 
lous drug streptomycin. When he dis- 
covered streptomycin, he forgot about 
actinomycin, which seemed far too tox- 
ic for use. After his retirement, how- 
ever, he carried out further work on 
the possibility that this drug, which 
was so toxic to bone marrow, might 
be a useful compound in treating ma- 
lignant diseases. So indeed it proved. 
Actinomycin also has become a use- 
ful compound in basic scientific re- 
search in genetics. The reason for 
this is its tendency to combine with 
nucleic acids of the cell in such a way 
that the messages from the nucleus 
cannot be transmitted to the cytoplasm. 
This results in a breakdown of "inter- 
nal" communication and a lack of syn- 
thesis of cellular substances. It is lar- 
gely because actinomycin became 
available to science that the so-called 
genetic code and the dynamics of syn- 
thesis within cells have been elucidat- 
ed within the last year or two. 
In cancer, actinomycin is most use- 
ful in a variety of childhood malignan- 
cies and ,has been used alone or in com- 
bination with radiotherapy in sarco- 
mas in adults. Sometimes the drug 
is used in combination with an alky- 
lating agent and an antimetabolite 
(triple therapy) as is the case in tera- 
tocarcinomas of the testes in adult 
males. 


Botanicals 
Many substances found in plants 
have proven effective in destroying 
malignant cells. One well-known exam- 
ple is the periwinkle flower. This 
small, blue, wild flower, which grows 
in the Eastern part of North America 
APRIL 1967 


and in the Caribbean, has been used 
by herbalists among the primitive peo- 
ples of North America for many hun- 
dreds of years. In the folklore of the 
North American Indian, periwinkle 
tea was used for "wasting diseases." 
It is not known what this really meant. 
Since it could refer to cancer, tuber- 
culosis, or possibly diabetes, the sub- 
stance has been studied in great detail 
both in Canada and the United States. 
Initially it was found that the her- 
bal preparations contained a wide va- 
riety of complicated substances known 
as alkaloids. It took many years to 
separate these. None has been found 
to affect tuberculosis and only one 
of seven alkaloids has any effect on 
blood sugar levels. They are all use- 
ful, however, in a variety of malignant 
diseases. 
On the market at the present time 
are vinblastine (Velbe) and vincris- 
tine (Oncovin). Vinblastine is most 
useful in the lymphoma group, espe- 
cially if they have become resistant 
to the alkylating agents. It has also 
been effective in many other forms of 
cancer although at a lower degree of 
efficiency. Vincristine can also be 
used in lymphomas. In combination 
with steroids, it has made a tremen- 
dous difference in the treatment of 
acute leukemia in both childhood and 
adult life. Over 90 percent of chil- 
dren with acute leukemia can be 
brought into remission for varying 
lengths of time with this combination. 
In addition, vincristine has been used 
with a fair degree of success in malig- 
nant brain tumors. A third alkaloid, 
vinglycine is now under clinical trial 
in the United States. 


Hormones 
Hormones are of many vanetles: 
female-type, male-type, adrenal or 
corticosteroids, and, of course, other 
hormones related to the function of 
the pituitary gland, the thyroid gland 
and other endocrine organs such as 
the thymus. In cancer, female hor- 
mones are most useful in carcinoma of 
(he prostate where it is possible to 
control the disease for many years. 
They are sometimes very effective in 
older women with inoperable or incur- 
able carcinoma of the breast. 
Male hormones are used as a treat- 
ment of carcinoma of the female breast 
in younger women. A surprisingly high 
number of patients with clear cell 
carcinoma of the kidney may have 
tumor regressions over long periods 
when extra male hormone are given. 
There are now male hormones or an- 
drogens that do not have the virilizing 
side-effects of hirsutism, voice change, 
enlargement of the clitoris, and a chan- 


ge in body hair distribution. This is a 
real advance, for physicians used to 
hesitate to use male hormone in young 
women with breast cancer because of 
these undesirable symptoms. 
The corticosteroids are used in a 
wide variety of malignant diseases, in- 
cluding leukemias, lymphomas, carci- 
nomas of the breast, and often as an 
adjunct to other forms of chemothe- 
rapy or radiation, especially if there 
is any degree of peri-tumoral edema. 
Prednisone is a prime example of this 
family of compounds and is probably 
the most widely used of the group. 
Clinical uses 
It is difficult to be dogmatic at this 
time regarding the clinical situations 
where cancer chemotherapy is indi- 
cated. Table II classifies the possible 
areas where drugs could or should be 
considered. 
Surgery, of course, is the first lil}e 
of attack against any malignant di- 
seases, other than those that effect the 
general lymph gland structure of the 
body and leukemia. Nevertheless, it 
is recognized that a large number of 
cancers have metastasized even before 
symptoms have been produced and the 
patient reaches a doctor. Because of 
this the best of surgery may result in 
incomplete cure. In general, this is 
the fate today of two-thirds of pa- 
tients with cancer. These patients will 
return after varying time intervals with 
metastases in bones, liver, lungs, brain, 
skin, and sometimes throughout the 
entire body. 
Radiotherapy, like surgery, is a lo- 
cal treatment; it is incapable of irra- 
dicating disseminated disease. It still 
is useful, however, in advanced cancer 
to decrease the growth of bone metas- 
tases that are causing pain and that 
may go on to pathological fracture. 
To find out if suitable drugs give!1 
immediately postoperatively will de- 
crease the incidence of late metastases, 
the Chemotherapy National Service 
Center of Washington, D.C. is carry- 
ing out an enormous study, which in- 
cludes most large hospitals in the 
North American Continent. Although 
the study is ongoing, it already shows 
that there is a significant improvement 
in some cancers when specific drugs 
are added. An example is in carcinoma 
of the breast. The use of drugs in this 
way is usually refered to as adjuvant 
chemotherapy. 
In the treatment of malignant ef- 
fusions, either drugs or the radioiso- 
topes of gold or phosphorus may be 
employed. If the effusion is in the peri- 
cardial sac, the results are extremely 
good. Approximately three-quarters of 
malignant effusions affecting the pleu- 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 31J 



ral cavity can be controlled if 
he 
fluid is first withdrawn and a suitable 
drug instilled. The treatment of malig- 
nant ascites is less successful, possibly 
because it is extremely difficult to dry 
out completely the abdominal cavity. 
Drugs or radioisotopes are thus diluted 
to the point of being less effective. 
Nevertheless, about half of the pa- 
tients with malignant ascites may re- 
ceive worthwhile palliation. 
The other adjuvant study t:hat is un- 
der heavy scrutiny at present invol- 
ves the use of chemical agents to kill 
cancer cells that may be spilled into 
the pleural or peritoneal cavity, or 
into a wound through which a cancer 
has been excised. There is some doubt 
at present whether one can do more 
harm than good by instilling a toxic 
substance that affects the cells respon- 
sible for wound healing or those con- 
cerned with resistance of the wound 
dgainst infection. Certain types of can- 
cer cells are quite resistant to chemical 
agents unless these are used in unduly 
high concentrations, which, unfortu- 
nately, may create areas of chronic 
inflammation and, later, adhesions. 
At The Montreal General Hospital, 
the practice is to use nitrogen mustard 
at the concentration of 2 mg. <yo with- 
in the abdominal cavity or the pelvis 
if the operating surgeon feels that 
there has been a possibility of disse- 
mination of cancer cells. Perhaps the 
most likely situation occurs in gyne- 
cological practice where large cystic 
adenocarcinomas of the ovary are some- 
times broken during the maneuver 
to remove them from the pelvis. Nitro- 
gen mustard works quickly and 
causes a minimum of late adhesions. 
The antibiotic actinomycin also can 
be used as an adjunct to radiotherapy. 
This substance has the remarkable 
property of potentiating the effect of 
ionizing radiation on cells. Sometimes 
this is desirable and sometimes it is 
not. Certainly a more severe skin 
reaction occurs if actinomycin is given 
while radiotherapy is being adminis- 
tered. Nevertheless, in resistant tumors 
it is sometimes very worthwhile to 
make ionizing radiation more effective 
as a tumor-killing ray. This is true in 
the highly malignant Wilms' tumor of 
childhood. Another instance includes 
fibrosarcomas, melanomas, and carci- 
nomas of t:he maxillary sinus. 
Although actinomycin is not the 
only compound that is capable of 
changing the radiosensitivity of cell.s, 
too little work has yet been done 10 
the field to be able to define exactly 
which drugs should be combined rou- 
tinely with radiotherapy. 
Drugs are often given to patients 
who are beyond help from radiother- 
40 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


apy or surgery. Within the field of 
the malignant lymphomas, drugs are 
combined with radiotherapy in well- 
defined and agreed patterns that de- 
pend on the actual extent of the di- 
sease. In disseminated carcinomas and 
sarcomas, approximately 25 to 30 per- 
cent of patients will receive remis- 
sions of varying duration using the 
drugs presently available. One is often 
surprised with the good results that 
can be obtained. 3 
As long as the drugs that we have 
in our armamentarium are toxic to 
the bone marrow and to the gastroin- 
testinal tract, attempts to localize them 
to a given area of the body that con- 
tains a malignant growth seem worth- 
while. This can be done by perfusion 
where vascular isolation is accomplish- 
ed by the surgeon and a second cir- 
culation set up to take over a given 
area of the body. For this purpose a 
small heart-lung machine is necessary 
and into this is injected a high concen- 
tration of a suitable anti-cancer com- 
pound. In general only the alkylating 
agents and antibiotics are used for 
this purpose as these act reasonably 
fast, unlike the antimetabolites that 
take many hours to be effective. Per- 
fusion normally lasts one....half to three- 
quarters of an hour, after which the 
vascular system is reconnected to the 
rest of the body and the artificial heart- 
fung circulation discontinued. 
Infusion is a term used to describe 
a longer-term treatment with chemo- 
therapy, when it is administered into 
a small plastic catheter that has been 
placed in a blood vessel feeding an 
area of the tumor. In this instance the 
drug is allowed to circulate through 
the tumor bed into the veins of the 
body and then be diluted by the nor- 
mal blood volume. At times this is 
all that is required, for one aohieves 
a high concentration of the drug with- 
in the tumor and a low concentration 
in the general circulation. Neverthe- 
less, sometimes even the low systemic 
concentration is harmful to suscepti- 
ble organs. For this reason it must be 
neutralized with an antidote given ei- 
ther orally or intramuscularly by the 
nursing staff. This antidote is given in 
sufficient amount to neutralize the low 
concentration in the blood and, as 
such, will neutralize a small part of 
the drug going through the tumor bed. 
Even so, the concentration of the drug 
within the tumor is so high that the 
small amount of antidote will not 
interfere with its action. 
Infusion is being used increasingly 
for treatment of the liver, pancreas. 
pelvis, brain and lungs. A new form 
of infusion apparatus has been devised 
and is now in use in certain centers 


of the United States. The patient is 
allowed out of hospital, and even back 
to work. He wears a small portable 
pump powered by a battery or a clock 
mechanism that delivers a small con- 
centration of drug each minute into 
an artery leading to the part of the 
body harboring a malignant tumor. 
Such outpatient ambulatory infusional 
therapy can be carried on as long as 
60 days if necessary. Results so far are 
encouraging while the mechanical as- 
pects are becoming safer as more pa- 
tients are treated. 
Perfusion, on the other hand, has 
not been used recently as often as it 
was some years ago, but may be rein- 
stituted as a valuable tool when new 
compounds that are highly effective in 
a 
hort period of time, but still toxic 
to bone marrow and the gastro-intes- 
tinal tract, are found. 
Cancer chemotherapy is stilI a young 
field with more problems than answers, 
but with a great deal of promise for 
the future. New drugs are constantly 
being manufactured throughout the 
world and as each one enters clinical 
trials there is renewed hope of real 
benefit to cancer patients who are not 
curable by surgery or radiation. 


References 
1. Bickis. I. J. and Henderson, I.W.D. 
Biochemical studies of human tumors. 
Estimation of tumor malignancy from 
metabolic measurements in vitro. Can- 
cer, vol. 19, no. I, Jan. 1966. 
2. Bickis, I. J., Henderson, I. W. D., and 
Quastel, J. H. Biochemical studies of 
human tumors. In vitro estimation of 
individual tumor sensitivity to anti-can- 
cer agents. Cancer, vol. 19, no. I, Jan. 
1966. 
3. Henderson, I. W. D., Lipowski, 8., 
Klaassen, D. J. Seminar on cancer che- 
motherapeutic management of malignan- 
cy. Applied Therapeutics, Vol. 9, no. I, 
Jan. 1967. [] 


APRil 1967 



The use of anti-cancer drugs in 
regional chemotherapy and as ad- 
juncts to surgery and radiotherapy 
is becoming increasingly important. 
When properly administered, these 
drugs can provide effective means of 
controlling metastases to distant organs 
and of relieving pain caused by estab- 
lished tumors. 
The field of chemotherapy includes 
the use of infusion and perfusion as 
well as the systemic administration 
of drugs. 


Perfusion 
Perfusion is the method by which 
chemotherapeutic drugs are adminis- 
tered intra-arterially, using an extra- 
corporeal circulation' to an area of 
the body, usually a limb, which has 
been isolated by the occlusion of col- 
lateral vessels. (Figure I.) This tech- 
nique is performed in the operating 
room and requires a heart-lung ma- 
chine to take over the circulation of 
the isolated area. 
After isolating the blood supply, 
catheters are inserted into the artery 
and vein that feed the area of the 
body containing the tumor. Into this 
re-circulation is injected a high con- 
centration of chemotherapeutic agents 
that circulate for about one-half to 
three-quarters of an hour. Alkylating 
agents and special antibiotics are 
usually the drugs of choice as they 
are fast acting. 
All drug dosages are based on the 
patient's weight. that is, his ideal 
APRIL 1967 


Regional cancer 
chemotherapy 


A description of the techniques of perfusion and infusion of anti-cancer drugs, 
and the nurse's responsibilities. 


Pamela Edwards 


....-. 



.... 


Miss Edwards, a graduate of University 
College Hospital, London, England, is 
Chemotherapy Service Nurse at The Mon- 
treal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec. 


weight minus edema or fat, and, to 
some extent, on the amount of fluid 
of the heart-lung machine. This may 
vary from 500 cc. in newer machines 
to ] 500 cc. in the older types. 


Indications for Perfusion 
Perfusion may be used to shrink a 
lesion to render it operable; to treat 
lesions that are unlikely to respond 


to surgery or radiation; and to treat 
recurrent lesions in areas that can be 
isolated vascularly. 
As it is impossible to isolate any 
part of the body completely, there is 
a spillage or "leak" from the perfused 
area to the systemic circulation. This 
spillage is measured by adding radio- 
iodinated serum albumen (RISA) to 
the pump oxygenator at the commen- 
cement of the perfusion. At the end of 
the perfusion samples of blood are 
taken from patient and pump and 
compared with the original sample of 
RISA injected. From these figures it 
is possible to calculate the "percentage 
spill. .. 
Hypothermia is used to minimize 
the spill and protect the bone marrow 
from toxicity. The body is cooled to 
30 0 C (88 0 F) before the perfusion 
starts; any drug that spills into the sys- 
temic circulation during perfusion is 
relatively harmless at this temper- 
ature. Meantime, the area being per- 
fused is kept at the correct temper- 
ature for the specific drug to be most 
effective. 


Possible Complications 
Complications that may occur fol- 
lowing perfusion include: ]. systemic 
toxic reactions - anorexia, nausea, 
vomiting, diarrhea; 2. bone marrow 
depression - leukopenia, thrombo- 
cytopenia, anemia; 3. loss of hair in 
perfused areas; and 4. retardation of 
incisional healing (skin grafts may be 
necessary at a later date). 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 41 



Infusion 
This technique differs from perfu- 
sion in that there is no attempt to 
isolate the area from the systemic 
circulation. The drug is introduced 
directly into the malignant area via 
the artery that feeds it. For example, 
a catheter is inserted into the hepa- 
tic artery to treat disease of the liver, 
or into the external carotid artery 
for infusion of the mouth, throat or 
sinuses. Using this method, a high 
concentration of a slow-acting anti- 
metabolite infuses through the malig- 
nant tumor and then gains access 
to the general circulation. If the lower- 
ed concentration there is likely to be 
toxic, an antidote may be given by 
injection. 
The two most common drugs used 
are S-F1uorouracil and Methotrexate, 
given either singularly or combined. 
Methotrexate is an extremely toxic 
drug. An effective antidote, Citrovo- 
rum Factor (Leucovorin) can be given 
when necessary as an injection, a 
tablet, or as a mouthwash, if signs of 
toxicity appear in the mouth. 
Method of Infusion 
A patient who is to have an infusion 
is admitted to hospital where a hemo- 
gram (hemoglobin, white blood count 
and differential, platelets, prothrom- 
bin time and bleeding time) is done 
before the procedure. For patients 
having liver and pancreas infusions, 
plasma proteins, serum transaminase, 
alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin are 
assayed at regular intervals. 
A thorough explanation is given to 
the patient as to why he is having the 
catheter inserted. Infusions usually 
are given for 7 to 10 days, 16 to 18 
hours per day, commencing in the late 
afternoon and finishing in the morn- 
ing. The patient is thus able to get up 
for part of the day. 
The method by which the catheter 
or catheters are inserted is as follows: 
The patient receives a bilateral groin 
preparation as for an aortogram. He 
receives premedications one hour be- 
fore he is taken to the x-ray depart- 
ment. There, an aortogram or arterio- 
gram is performed to determine the 
exact blood supply of the tumor. 
Under fluoroscopy the catheter(s) is 
placed in the appropriate artery(ies) 
and about 5.0 ml. of 10 mg.% 
heparin/saline solution are injected 
via a two-way stopcock into the 
catheter to keep it from blocking. The 
stopcock is then closed and wrapped 
in a sterile towel. 
On the patient's return to the ward, 
the nurse irrigates the catheter every 
half hour with 5.0 ml. of 10 mg. % 
heparin/saline solution until the infu- 
42 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Perfusion - using a disc oxygenator 


A syrmge 
B containing drug 
> _Ó 


. 


warm 
water 



 y 
 
. I 
 femoral 
\. artery & vein 
II I 
 ! venous 

 m
vm, 
e -
 i '
 
+ '\ 
electric motor to disc (Kay-Cross) oxygenator 
revolve discs 


bubble trap (Cross) 


oxygen-+ 


..- 
heat exchanger 
(water jacket) 


drain 


pump 


The system is a miniaturized heart-lung machine. The size of the disc oxy- 
genator is, however, much smaller. Venous drainage is by gravity. 
Fig. 1 


Infusion - using pressure cuff-plastic transfer pack 


Fenwall,OOO cc. Disposable 
Plastic Bag combining Drug 
and Anticoagulant. 
/' 


IV pole 


Catheter through 
femoral artery and aorta 
to infuse hepatic, mesenteric, 
or renal arteries, 
depending on site of tumor. 


Fig. 2 


APRIL 1967 



sion is commenced. Catheter irriga- 
tion is continued during the following 
days when the infusion is not actually 
in progress, but the frequency is de- 
creased to once every three hours. 
Usually the infusion is carried out 
by a small. almost noiseless, pump 
that sits on the patient's bedside table 
and delivers the medication at the 
required speed. Air embolus can oc- 
cur, however, if the bottle containing 
the medication becomes empty and 
the machine continues to pump air. 
Numerous devices have been develop- 
ed to obviate this occurrence; most 
equipment includes a safety bottle that 
will run in automatically if the drug 
bottle empties and the pump is not 
stopped. This provides additional time 
for the mistake to be noticed. 
A new apparatus that is sterile, ef- 
ficient. and safe has recently become 
available. It consists of a sterile, col- 
lapsible, plastic bag that is filled by 
gravity from a 1000 cc. IV bottle 
of normal saline, which contains the 
drug of choice, and heparin 50 mg. 
(Figure II). Air bubbles are expelled 
from the bag and the inlet tube is 
tightly knotted. The bag is then placed 
inside a large pressure cuff with an 
attached gauge and handbulb very 
similar to a sphygmomanometer. A 
recipient set is inserted into one of 
the outlet ports of the bag, the drip 
chamber is half filled, and the bag 
inverted to hang from an intravenous 
pole. 
 
After the tubing from the bag is 
cleared of air, the system is completely 
air-free and ready for use. The adapter 
at the end of the recipient tubing is 
inserted into the patient's catheter and 
the stopcock opened. The hand pump 
is then pressurized until the gauge re- 
gisters 250-300 mm. of mercury. Over 
300 mm. of pressure is likely to burst 
the bag. The nurse caring for the 
patient is instructed to keep the pres- 
sure about 250 mm., as this pressure 
is well above the normal systolic 
blood pressure and will infuse the 
fluid at the desired rate as controIled 
by a clamp on the recipient tubing. 
As an extra precaution the recipient 
set has a ball-valve in the rubber adap- 
ter near the end of the tubing that 
fits into the catheter; this prevents 
backflow should there be a drop in 
the external pressure cuff. 
In addition to its safety features, 
this equipment lessens the chance of 
infection, since it comes in a sterile, 
disposable pack that can be discarded 
after each day of infusion. 
Pm,sible Complications 
In any emergency, such as a block- 
ing of the catheter, the attending 
APRIL 1%7 


nurses are instructed to: 1. stop the 
infusion by either switching off the 
pump or lowering the pressure of the 
cuff to zero; 2. close the stopcock, 
disconnect the infusion set, and keep 
the stopcock end of the catheter sterile; 
3. irrigate the catheter with 5 m!. of 
10 mg. % heparin/saline solution, a 
supply of which is kept by the pa- 
tient's bed. Since cold heparin/saline 
causes spasm of arteries and pain in 
the specific region, the solution is not 
refrigerated. 
If a catheter becomes blocked, a 
tuberculin syringe filIed with the 
heparin/saline solution, rather than 
a large-bore syringe, is used to clear it. 
This is because a syringe with a nar- 
row bore gives a higher pressure. 
Should any oozing occur at the site of 
the catheter insertion, the nurse ap- 
plies a pressure dressing and calls the 
chemotherapy team or service intern. 
As the nurse looking after the pa- 
tient may be the first to notice signs 
of toxicity, she has to know what to 
observe and record in the nursing 
notes, and what to report verbally to 
the doctor. 
The patient may complain of a sore 
mouth. This can lead to ulcerative 
stomatitis, especially if the infusion 
is being given into the external caro- 
tid artery. If the liver is being infused, 
part of the stomach and duodenum 
also may receive a high concentration 
of the drug and ulcerate. Gastro- 
intestinal hemorrhage may result. Un- 
controIled nausea or vomiting require 
anti emetics such as Ste1azine, Steme- 
til or Gravol. 
Systemic toxicity of infusions that 
involve arteries leading to the large 
bowel may cause diarrhea. Bone mar- 
row depression as evidenced by a 
white ceIl count below 3,000 or plate- 
lets below lOO,OOO/mm. are not un- 
common. Repeat tests are ordered by 
the chemotherapy team every few days. 
Chemotherapeutic drugs are charted 
by the person administering them on 
a special form so that an immediate 
"birds-eye-view" is available on the 
amount and types of drugs a patient 
has received. 


General Care 
During the 7 to lO-day treatment 
program, the patient spends much of 
his time in bed; a semi-Fowler's posi- 
tion is recommended as being the 
most comfortable. To prevent de- 
cubiti, he is encouraged to turn fre- 
quently, and to lie on alternate sides. 
Since the position of entry of the cath- 
eter is often in the femoral region, 
acute flexion at the hips is avoided 
to prevent kinking of the catheter 
and tearing of the site of insertion 


through the artery wall. Once the 
patient is up and about, walking pre- 
sents little difficulty; it is when he is 
getting in and out of bed that he needs 
assistance. 
Durin
 the days that the infusion 
is in progress, the patient needs repeat- 
ed reassurance from the doctor and 
nurses that everything is progressing 
well. Tranquilizers, sedatives, anal- 
gesics, and anti emetics are administer- 
ed as required. 
After three to four days of infu- 
sion, the patient is taken to the x-ray 
department to have a straight (ab- 
dominal) film and a repeat angiogram 
to ensure that the catheter is stilI in 
the correct position. At the end of 
the infusion the catheter is removed 
by a gentle pull, after which a pres- 
sure dressing is applied over the site 
for 24 hours. 
He is usually discharged home one 
to two days later and foIlowed in the 
chemotherapy department on an out- 
patient basis. If necessary, infusion 
may be repeated. The tumor is often 
kept under control with courses of 
intravenous injections or oral medica- 
tion. 


Summary 
Intra-arterial perfusion and infu- 
sion of chemotherapeutic agents are 
used at present as palliative proce- 
dures. Although neither is regarded 
as curative, the exploitation of many 
new drugs may change the end results 
in the near future. As long as drugs 
remain toxic, methods to localize their 
effects will continue to prove worth- 
while. 0 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 43 



The fight 
agai nst cancer 


Nurses daily engage in front line, face-to-face combat in the fight against cancer. 
This article from "general headquarters" reports on the overall picture in the war. 


Mace Mair 


In Canada, the first treatment of 
cancer was recorded in 1700. At that 
time a famous French-Canadian phy- 
sician and scientist, Dr. Michel Sarra- 
zin, operated on Sister Marie Barbier 
de I'Assomption of Montreal for can- 
cer of the breast at the Hôtel Dieu of 
Quebec. The operation was success- 
ful and Sister Barbier lived for 19 
years following the surgery. The part- 
nership between nurse and doctor in 
the fight against cancer can surely be 
said to date from that time. 
Real advances in the study and con- 
trol of cancer came much later with 
the introduction of anesthesia, the de- 
velopment of antiseptic methods, and, 
at the turn of the last century, the 
use of x-rays as diagnostic aids. 


Two voluntary organizations 
An effective force against cancer 
was mobilized in 1938 when the Cana- 
dian Cancer Society was formed. 
The Society was founded following 
a request from the Canadian Medical 
Association for a lay medical associa- 
tion t,hat would assist in public educa- 
tion and help bring cancer patients 
for treatment at an early stage. Its 
weapons: research, education, and ser- 
vIce. 
In 1947, at the instigation of the 
federal government, the National Can- 
cer Institute was formed to guide and 
develop a nation-wide cancer research 


/ 


Mr. Mair is the National Information Of- 
ficer for the Canadian Cancer Society. 


44 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


program. The greatest portion of the 
Institute's income is supplied by the 
Society, and the two organizations are 
closely associated. They share a joint 
administrative office and one execu- 
tive officer. 
The Canadian Cancer Society de- 
pends almost solely on the public for 
its operating funds, which, in turn, are 
the principal support of cancer re- 
search in Canada. This money is rais- 
ed during the annual appeal each 
April. Supplementary income comes to 
the Society from bequests from those 
who have known the threat of cancer 
or whose families have benefited by 
programs of the Society. 
For purposes of fund-raising and 
other objectives, the Society is well or- 
ganized. Divisions in each of the 10 
provinces enjoy considerable autonomy 
and operate with their own director- 
ates. Over 100,000 volunteers con- 
tribute to the success of the campaign, 
which has exceeded its objective every 
year since the first effort in 1949. No 
professional fund-raising organization 
is retained by the Society. The 1967 
campaign goal is $4,767,500 - 6.7 
percent more than the 1966 figure; this 
is a customary annual increase to meet 
the rising costs of equipment and tech- 
nical help. 
The objectives of the Society are 
directed to three basic areas: educa- 
tion, patient welfare, and research. 
Research is the biggest and most vital 
of these and always accounts for over 
50 percent of the expenditures of the 
APRIL 1967 



Society; this money is allocated 
through the National Cancer Insti- 
tute. 


Education 
Education programs receive ap- 
proximately 15.4 percent of the money 
spent each year. The message is 
directed to the Canadian public and 
stresses the importance of early diag- 
nosis of cancer for the best chance 
of survival. The program includes: 
. Educational films. In 1965, 
383,883 showings were arranged. 
. Releases for communications 
media - press, radio, television and 
others. These groups have been very 
generous in cooperating with all pha- 
ses of the educational program. 
. School programs. Naturally, 
much of this work has emphasized the 
relationship of cigarets to lung cancer 
and a most active group has used 
films, lectures, poster and essay con- 
tests (with almost 30,000 children 
participating), and exhibits. During 
1965, 1,914 schools were involved. 
. Speakers. Volunteers and mem- 
bers of unit and local education groups 
speak to meetings and gatherings of 
all sizes. Special events have included 
cancer forums, women's clinics, TV 
forums and addresses to nursing, med- 
ical and many professional groups. 
One of the areas in which cancer 
is the most damaging is also one of 
the most challenging for educational 
work. This is in industry where it is 
estimated that there is every year a 
total loss of 60,000 man years among 
workers between the ages of 20 and 
64; this takes no account of the enor- 
mous loss of time through treatment. 
And this is for a disease that Sir Alex- 
ander Haddow, retiring President of 
the International Union of Cancer, 
said was 80 percent preventable. 


Welfare 
The welfare programs of staffs and 
volunteers of the Canadian Cancer 
Society are directed to the relief of 
suffering and, wherever possible, to 
enable cancer patients to live a nor- 
APRIL 1967 


mal work life in spite of any after- 
effects of the disease. This program 
also is concerned with those who must 
be helped to live as comfortably as 
possible through a terminal period. 
These important services are pro- 
vided free through cancer institutes 
and by arrangements with unit offices 
across Canada: 
. Dressings. In anyone year over 
six million dressings are provided for 
cancer patients. These are available in 
more than 150 units or dressing sta- 
tions. As in all work of the Society, 
the volunteer plays a big part with 
15,873 members involved in this de- 
dicated force in 1965. 
. Nursing. This includes bedside 
nursing care at boarding and nursing 
homes, as well as home nursing. For 
example, in 1965 a total of 3,218 nur- 
ses cared for a total of 7,055 patients 
in periodic visits at home. 
. Care (as distinct from nursing). 
This welfare work is done by volun- 
teers, a total of 6,000, who visit pa- 
tients at home; other sufferers need 
special housekeeping services. Trans- 
portation to treatment areas is usual- 
ly provided for about 10,000 people 
in anyone year. A number of auxiliary 
services are provided by volunteers 
at hospitals, clinics and lodges; this 
includes library, tea, reception ser- 
vices, hairdressing, entertainment, oc- 
cupational therapy, and many other 
forms of help and encouragement for 
cancer patients. 
. Drugs and treatment services. 
Some drugs, usually pain-relievers, 
may be paid for by the Society. Also, 
special nursing and psychological help 
may be provided by the Society to help 
the patient adapt after serious cancer 
surgery. 
. Rehabilitation. This is one of 
the most rewarding programs of the 
Society. It aims to help restore the 
patient to as normal a life as possible 
in family, industry, and community. It 
may involve the provision and fitting 
of prosthetic aids for excised areas, 
such as providing the patient with a 
ear or nose prosthesis. One of the 


most successful rehabilitation pro- 
grams is undoubtedly the Laryngec- 
tomy Club, which provides methodical 
training and assistance to those who 
have lost their larynx and must learn 
an entirely new method of speech. 
Because of variations in laws af- 
fecting medical and welfare matters 
between Canadian provinces, these ser- 
vices are not uniform across Canada. 
The Society allocates 12.6 percent of 
its funds to work of comfort, welfare, 
and rehabilitation. 


Research 
The history of research into cancer 
in Canada is largely the story of the 
National Cancer Institute of Canada. 
Its objectives were and are the pro- 
motion of professional education and 
research in the field of cancer, the ap- 
proval and support of grants and fel- 
lowships to deserving scientists, and 
the coordination of provincial diagnos- 
tic and treatment programs. 
The Institute has a total member- 
ship of 40, made up of 25 represen- 
tatives of Canadian medical and pro- 
fessional groups and 15 members-at- 
large; the latter are chosen because of 
their interest in the national cancer 
problem. Over 75 percent of the reve- 
nue is received from the Society and 
the balance comes from government 
grants and some special grants for 
equipment. 
From an initial expenditure in 1947 
of $20,000 for research, the Institute 
now allocates $2,500,000 each year 
to research. This work involves over 
500 scientists, assistants, and techni- 
cians with projects being carried on 
in 16 different Canadian universities. 
Because the organization is based on 
private funds, it is possible to quickly 
alter and reorient the direction of re- 
search to adapt to new discoveries or 
promising new areas. 
One Institute function of world re- 
putation is the Canadian Cancer Re- 
search Conference, held biennially. 
All grantees and fellows assemble for 
a four-day technical meeting, also at- 
tended by scientists from many dif- 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 45 



ferent countries. Seven conferences 
have been held so far. 
What has been accomplished with 
this research program? This question 
is asked often and Canadians can be 
proud of the answer. There are five 
recognized areas where Canadian 
achievements have led the way to 
world progress. They are: 
. Radioauwgraphy. This is a me- 
thod of studying cell behavior by the 
use of radioactive isotopes. In this 
field, Dr. C. E. Leblond of McGill 
University first incorporated radio- 
active isotopes into tissue, then placed 
microscopically thin slices of the tissue 
against equally thin layers of film 
emulsion. The isotope identifies itself 
and the portion of the cell in which it 
is located through photographic action 
on the emulsion. The film shows an 
outline of the cell structure since ra- 
diation acts as a light source. 
. Tissue growth media. Drs. Ray- 
mond Parker and J. F. Morgan deve- 
loped a synthetic chemical medium 
which made it possible for living cells 
to remain alive and multiply in flasks. 
This opened a new area for laboratory 
examination of cells. 
. Vinblastine (VLB). This new 
drug was derived from the common 
periwinkle plant by Drs. Noble, Beer, 
and Cutts and found to be effective 
in slowing down production of white 
blood cells. It is, therefore, a valu- 
able aid in prolonging the life of many 
sufferers from leukemia and other 
forms of cancer. 
. Chromosome study, A study of 
chromosomes in both normal and ma- 
lignant cells by Dr. Murray L. Barr 
resulted in a discovery that cells from 
tissue of females differed from the 
cells of males; this aided the study not 
only of cancer behavior but of various 
glandular disorders. 
. Cobalt therapy. The greatest Ca- 
nadian achievement in cancer is de- 
finitely the development of the Cobalt 
bomb by Drs. Johns and Watson. By 
finding that Cobalt 60 as an isotope 
of cobalt is intensively radioactive and 
gives off a gamma ray more penetrat- 
46 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


ing than x-rays, they advanced the 
treatment of cancer through the abili- 
ty to reach deeper cancers than had 
been possible with low voltage ma- 
chines. 
In addition to these outstanding 
advances that opened new paths of re- 
search in countries all over the world, 
several other contributory accomplish- 
ments hold a high place in the world 
fight against cancer. 
In the international field, Canadian 
researchers are very highly respected 
and play a vital part in the work and 
administration of the International 
Union against Cancer. Ninety-nine na- 
tional cancer bodies in 67 countries 
support this organization and Dr. R. 
M. Taylor, executive officer in both 
the Canadian Cancer Society and the 
National Cancer Institute, was elected 
Secretary General of the Union, on a 
four-year term, in October, 1966. In 
addition to Dr. Taylor, seven other 
Canadians serve on committees of the 
Union. 


Progress in the battle 
A single cure for cancer, or a dra- 
matic breakthrough, has not developed. 
On the other hand, most researchers 
feel that real progress is bound to 
come by degrees and by finding ways 
to control the numerous types of can- 
cer. 
The five-year cure rate has im- 
proved greatly and now it is accepted 
that 55 percent of all types of cancer 
can be cured by surgery and/or radia- 
tion, provided that they are diagnosed 
in time for treatment. 
Much research in the immediate 
future will be directed to searching for 
the cause, and to finding ways of pro- 
longing the lives of those who cannot 
yet be treated. There has been sub- 
stantial success in giving terminal cases 
many years of useful, normal life. For 
example, the survival time for acute 
leukemia has increased from three 
months to two years; this may seem 
like a tragically short time but it does 
represent eight times the former pe- 
riod of survival for the disease. 


At present, it is necessary to con- 
centrate, as has been done for some 
years, on prevention and on early 
diagnosis. In theory, a program on 
these two points could wipe out more 
than 80 percent of cancer. Among 
the types of cancer susceptible to this 
approach are skin, lung, breast, uterus, 
and most stomach carcinomas, and 
numerous types formerly regarded as 
fatal but not necessarily so because 
of recent advances in knowledge. 
What would do the most good 
would be a complete public awareness 
of the dangers and a cool, fearless as- 
sessment of the risks. These include 
recognition not only of the smoking 
problem but also other working and 
living habits that promote cancer. 
Support for the Annual Cancer 
Campaign, and encouragement of this 
support by family, friends and neigh- 
bors remains one of the most produc- 
tive efforts against cancer. Nobody can 
measure the benefits achieved by the 
work of over 100,000 volunteers each 
year. The money they provide is vital 
but their educational work and general 
assistance is essential. 
Cancer seeks out its victims in every 
corner of Canada. As the ,headquar- 
ters for the fight against it, the So- 
ciety needs and merits help from all 
Canadians. Every unit and the smal- 
lest branch of the Society have a ready 
pipeline to full information. 
A wider awareness of facilities and 
greater promotion of services by nur- 
ses could aid in the fight. Local offi- 
cials are easily located (in nearly all 
cases through phone listings) and they 
can provide information or answers to 
all types of questions. Through them 
patients can be referred to clinics, 
cancer institutions, or other offices of 
the Society. 
In a word, the best way to achieve 
the greatest improvement would be to 
work harder at communications, and 
to carry the message as widely as pos- 
sible. This has been the secret of pro- 
gress to date and its effectiveness will 
decide who wins in the fight against 
cancer. [] 
APRil 1967 



in a capsule 


Is Anybody Happy? 
The most positive conclusIOn to be drawn 
from a recent survey on the state of mar- 
riage or unmarriage, as the case may be, 
is that married men are happy... or at least 
less unhappy than the unmarried ones... 
that is to say, the unmarried men adjust 
less well than unmarried women, who it 
must be pointed out, adjust better than the 
married ones (women that is). 
If anyone is uncertain whether to feel 
happy, unhappy, adjusted, or maladjusted, 
the results of the survey released in Mod- 
ern Medicine of Canada will provide one 
thing at least - confusion. 
From 785 interviews in a sample adult 
population, the following data were obtain- 
ed: Whether married or single, women 
show more fears than men and men more 
antisocial tendencies than women. Single 
women are less fearful than married women, 
however, whereas single men are more anti- 
social than married men. Single men are 
also the least and single women the most, 
morally strict of the four groups. 
Single persons of both sexes show more 
desire for freedom of action than married 
persons, but the tendency is strikingly 
greater in single men. Married men are the 
most self-assertive of the four groups; single 
men are less so than single women. but 
more so than married women. 
Since men have greater freedom of choice 
in marrying, those who do not marry seem 
likely to have more psychological impair- 
ment to begin with. This theory is sup- 
ported by a much greater incidence of 
childhood stress in single men than in the 
other groups; single women, on the other 
hand, show the least. Single men also show 
more signs of social isolation. 


Snorers Are Shocked 
It was British inventor James Watt who 
invented the steam engine. Now another 
British Watt, this time psychiatrist Dr. Al- 
lan Watts, has made a less spectacular but 
no less significant contribution to science. 
An anti-snoring machine, invented by 
Fredrick Miles, has been tested by Dr. Watts 
and found to be "highly successful with a 
few dozen patients I treated." 
He said a tiny throat microphone is con- 
nected to a small power unit and attached 
by wires to the patient's arm. As soon as 
the sleeper snores, an electric impulse is 
sent into his arm, causing it to twitch - 
though the shock is not strong enough to 
wake him completely from hi
 sleep. 
APRil 1967 


This sets up a "mental block" against 
snoring, said Dr. Watts, and after a few 
weeks the machine can be taken away be- 
cause the patient's arm will automatically 
twitch when he snores. - Associated Press. 


Immunity Declines - Epidemic 
Predicted 
The virus, Asian No.2. which caused the 
great 1957 epidemic of Asian flu, has been 
relatively quiet during the last decade. It 
is now changing antigenically, and through- 
out the world immunity has declined. At 
a conference on vaccines against viral and 
rickettsial diseases in Washington, Dr. 
W.e. Cockburn, WHO, reported that ano- 
ther influenza epidemic has been predicted 
for 1967. - Nursj,/g Times, December, 
1966. 


Suicides High 
Among young adult Canadians. suicide 
ranks third as a cause of death, according 
to the federal Department of Health and 
Welfare. 


In reply to a recent written question 
in the House of Commons, Mrs. Margaret 
Rideout. parliamentary secretary to the 
federal Minister of National Health and 
Welfare. said that in 1964 there were 2.482 
deaths from accidents, 402 from cancer. 
and 269 suicides in the 15 to 29 year age 
group. M.D. of Canada, January, 1967. 


Smoldering Image 
The image of the "smoker:' cultivated so 
lovingly by advertisers. has gone up in a 
cloud of cigaret smoke. Friends of the 
smoker see nOl the suave. sophisticate de- 
scribed in commercials, but a type "more 
demanding, attention-seeking. assertive. 
jealous:' than the nonsmoker. 
Dr. Gene M. Smith of Harvard Medical 
School in Boston, assessed 1,462 college 
and nursing students in a study on smoking 
and personality. By using both self-ratings 
and ratings by classmates, he discovered 
personality aspects the smoker could never 
have seen through the haze. The c1ear- 
sighted nonsmoker described his peer as 
"less conscientious. self-reliant and re- 
sponsible. less mannerly and refined, less 
good-natured. trusting and tender," but 
"more extroverted" than himself. Dr. Smith 
noted that on the basis of the peer ratings 
alone, an observer could pick out a heavy 
smoker three-quarters of the time. 
His results are in line with the theory that 


'mokers and nonsmokers may differ gen- 
etically, possibly meaning that the link be- 
tween smoking and disea
es such as cancer 
IS due to some predisposition rather than 
to cause and effect. This is perhaps unlikely, 
Dr. Smith said. but the possibility merits 
study. 
Another explanation is that the personality 
traits of smokers and nonsmokers may be 
governed by environment. - excerpts from 
Science News, Oct. 1966. 


"Ceographical Clusters" of MS 
Some unidentified factor in the environ- 
ment makes Southern Ontario residents 
particularly prone to multiple sclerosis, a 
Washington. D.C., doctor reports. He ruled 
out climate and diet as causes of the 
dÌ!.ease. He also ranked heredity as un- 
likely. 
Dr. J.F. Kurtzke reported these findings 
after probing into the disease's peculiarity 
of showing up in geographic clusters. The 
Leamington-St. Thomas-Delhi strip of South- 
ern Ontario, for example, is noted for the 
disease in Canada. 
These "geographic clusters" form a high- 
frequency band that stretches across the 
globe. The northern United State, South- 
ern Canada, and Northern Europe all have 
an incidence of MS of 30 to 60 cases per 
100,000 population. In the southern U.S., 
southern Europe, and Australia the rate is 
only 5 to 15 per 100,000 and it is generally 
low in Africa and Asia, although some sur- 
veys may be inadequate. 
Multiple sclerosis has disabled an estim- 
ated 25.000 Canadians, mostly young adults 
between 20 and 45. The cluster pattern 
indicates that some outside factor in the 
environment is the cause, writes Dr. 
Kurtzke, of Georgetown University and 
Washington's Veterans Administration Hos- 
pital, in Archives of Neurology. 
The cluster areas are too small to be 
affected specifically by climate or diet, 
he said. Surveys in Denmark and Swit- 
zerland, where two generations of patients 
were- surveyed, suggested that it did not 
run in families. 


Realize Your Worth - In $$ 
Basic body chemicals once valued at 98 
cents are now valued at $800, according to 
a report in The American Druggist by 
Charles A. Thomas, Monsanto Board Chair- 
man. The reason: A major market has 
developed for enzymes and nucleic acids. - 
Management Review, November, 1966. 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 47 



books 


Hearing Loss by Joseph Sataloff. M.D.. 
D.Sc. (Med.) 404 pages. Toronto. J.B. 
Lippincott, 1966. 
ReI'iewed by Dr. Jack A. Rubin, Win- 
nipeg, Manitoba. 


The prime value of this book lies in its 
comprehensive, practical, and readable 
coverage of every aspect of otology and 
audiology. Ideally suited for anyone inter- 
ested in hearing disorders, their diagnosis 
and management, this book is remarkably 
complete in all areas. Although it is pos- 
,ibly a little too superficial for the otologist, 
it should be extremely useful to audiolo- 
gists. speech and hearing therapists, and 
members of the nursing profession who 
have a special interest in otology. 
All chapters are well illustrated with 
audiograms and case reports. A complete 
classification of types and causes of hear- 
ing loss is presented and the difference 
between conductive and sensori-neural deaf- 
ness is clarified. The author reviews the 
management of conductive deafness, em- 
phasizing the newer surgical procedures 
for restoration of the sound-conducting ap- 
paratus. Nerve deafness is analyzed and 
various diagnostic tests to localize the 
pathology are well presented. The chapter 
on tinnitus and vertigo and their signifi- 
cance is very helpful. The author outlines 
various methods of testing patients for 
hearing defects and discusses pitfalls to 
avoid. Special tests for speech testing, 
recruitment, tone decay, malingering, and 
masking are described and their signifi- 
cance dealt with. 
The chapter on occupational deafness is 
timely and should be of special interest 
to industrial physicians who are concerned 
with this increasing problem. In the sec- 
tion dealing with hearing loss in children, 
particular emphasis is placed on early 
diagnosis and treatment. 


A Sociological Framework for Patient 
Care edited by Jeannette R. Folta, R.N., 
Ph.D. and Edith S. Deck, R.N., M.S. 
418 pages. New York. John Wiley & 
Sons, 1966. 
Reviewed by Dr. Margaret N. Lee, as- 
sociate professor, University of Windsor, 
School of Nursing, Windsor, Ontario. 


In their forward to this book, the 
authors identify a "need for a book of 
readings that will tie together the under- 
lying concepts and principles inherent in 
48 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


comprehensive care." As the title shows, 
the concepts and principles examined are 
drawn from sociology. Although much of 
the content is directed toward physicians 
and professional nurses, it would be useful 
to professional practitioners in all the 
health sciences. 
The book is divided into seven parts, 
corresponding to the seven underlying con- 
cepts to be examined. In each part, a 
number of experts separately examine a 
significant aspect of the sociological basis 
and framework of health care. Each part 
has an introduction that presents briefly 
the basic ideas to be discussed and poses 
some of the questions that necessarily arise. 
Each part closes with an epilogue that 
does not summarize the previous discus- 
sion but comments on and amplifies it. 
This technique enables the reader to attain 
a clear understanding of those aspects and 
value systems of modern, technologically 
advanced societies that foster the continu- 
ing development of scientific health care. 
For example, in Part III, "The Routes to 
Becoming: The Professions," several writers 


CANADIAN 
LIBRARY. WEEK 


APRIL 16-22 AVRIL 1967 


LA.SEMAINE.DES 
BIBLIOTHEQUES 
CANADIENNES 


:i ..."D MAN ANO 
9-..f1; 1t, S 
,'b "'0 

(.;" "< 

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þ 
,.. 
4." 

 
llO); 
'" 
1ftOUf ET LA TEt'''\. 0 


examine the societal movements and value 
systems that lead some members of society 
to become health professionals. 
In the same part another writer presents 
a sociological analysis of the frustrations 
imposed upon one body of health science 
professionals (nurses) by the conflicts of 
values found within the system of the 
hospital as an institution of society. 
Since the book is not a textbook of 
sociology, the reader who will enjoy and 
use it most will be a person who has a 
thorough grounding in the basic concepts, 
principles and terminology of sociology as 
a discipline. It should prove extremely 
helpful to university teachers and students 
of nursing, because it can help to fill a 
long-felt but ill-defined need within the 
university school of nursing, that is, the 
necessity to help the student to bridge the 
gap between the knowledge of culture and 
society learned in an academic discipline, 
and her conscious, deliberate use of this 
knowledge as she learns to become a profes- 
sional practitioner of nursing. 


Laboratory Tests in Common Use, 
4 ed., by Solomon Garb, M.D., F.A.C.P. 
192 pages. New York, Springer, 1966. 
Re
'iewed by Miss Helen Saunders, in- 
sen' ice education supervisor, Royal Ju- 
bilee Hospital School of Nursing, Vic- 
toria, .B.e. 


This clûth-bound book is intended as 
a quick reference work for graduate and 
student nurses in ward units. Because of 
its organization and content it would seem 
ideal for this purpose. Not intended as a 
laboratory manual, it omits detailed pro- 
cedure of laboratory tests. In fact, some 
of the procedures mentioned have been 
replaced by newer methods. 
Two major changes in this new edition 
include the addition of 15 newer tests to 
bring the total number of laboratory tests 
to 145 and, for each test, a list of drugs, 
food or other procedures that might inter- 
fere with or produce misleading laboratory 
results. Common laboratory tests are group- 
ed in chapters according to the body fluid 
or excretion on which the test is performed 
- a more practical method of classification 
than a division into "biological," "chemical," 
etc. Tests are arranged alphabetically in 
each chapter and good cross-indexing helps 
the reader to associate the several names 
often given to the same test. 


APRIL 1%7 



books 


(C"I/til/lletl from page 48) 


A description of the body functions or 
disorder for which each test is used and 
an explanation of the physiological ration- 
ale behind the test are provided. The test 
itself is then described under the follow- 
ing headings: collection of specimens, 
laboratory procedure, possible interfering 
materials, and range of normal findings for 
an adult. 
Eight tables and/or summaries of infor- 
mation appear at the end of the book. 
Most helpful for nurses who collect blood 
specimens would be the table on blood tests 
that gives the number of cc's required and 
type of anticoagulant needed. For all 
nurses, the list of definitions of laboratory 
terms and the selected bibliography on 
laboratory procedures would be useful and 
enlightening. Very limited in its scope is 
the table of distinctions between normal 
values in infants and children and those 
in adults. Some of the other tables may 
be redundant in view of the very clear 
presentation of information throughout the 
book. 
As a ward reference this book is very 
informative and is at a level and in a 
format that most graduate nurses would 
find helpful and practical. 


Establishing Relationships in 
chiatric Nursing by Ira Davis 
R.N., B.S., M.A. 53 pages. New 
Springer, 1966. 


Psy- 
Trail. 
York. 


Re
'iewed by Miss Barbara Bycroft. il/- 
structor. Clarke II/stitt/te of Psychiatry, 
Toronto. 


This small handbook is directed to nurses 
involved in patient care in psychiatric 
settings. 
The author is associate professor of nurs- 
ing, California State College at Los Angeles 
and psychiatric nursing consultant for The 
Veteran's Administration Hospital at Sepul- 
veda and Long Beach, California. Such 
an active professional background, coupled 
with a lively concern to assist nurses to 
become skiIIed experts in psychiatric nurs- 
ing, amply qualify the author as an authority 
on this subject. 
The author presents her material in a 
concise, practical manner. It is organized 
in two parts: "The Patient and His Environ- 
ment in a Psychiatric Hospital," and "The 
Psychiatric Nurse; Her Purpose and Ac- 
tions." She has written with a provocative 
premise: "that in psychiatric nursing parti- 
cularly, job satisfaction for the nurse and 
improvement for the patient are intimately 
related and develop simultaneously." A 
focus on the importance of the nurse's 


APRIL 1967 


feelings, individuality. and creativity as 
an active participant in the treatment team 
is maintained. 
As well, the bool sllccessfully preserves 
the author's aim to follow two basic mental 
heallh concepts: I. All behavior is mean- 
ingful to the individual even though he 
might not understand its meaning at the 
time, and 2. no one is iII in all spheres. 
The nursing concept prevailing in this 
handbook is that "nurses work with the 
heallh concepts: I. All behavior is mean- 
to assist him toward his maximum potential 
for healthy living." This concept provides 


a helpful guide in the varied and changing 
aspects of the psychiatric nurse's role 
today. Practical examples of nurse-patient 
situations and suggested readings are pro- 
vided. 
This compact handbook would be a use- 
ful reference for graduate nurses involved 
in any psychiatric unit. As well, it would 
be adaptable for use by nurse educators. 
The author's concise treatment of her sub. 
ject perhaps indicates some supplementary 
clinics or discussions for inexperienced 
graduate nurses or nursing students. The 
general absence of psychiatric jargon is 


I 
I 


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.Pnces quoted are Suggested Retail Prices 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 49 



books 


(COll1illuecl from page 49) 


refreshing. An adequate framework of 
knowledge for further reading and investi- 
gation is provided. 


Drugs in Current Use 1967 edited by 
Walter Modell, M.D., F.A.C.P. 152 pages. 
New York. Springer. 1967. 


ThIs paperback presents concise infor- 
mation about drugs currently in use, new 
drugs still on trial. and older. well-establish- 
ed drugs. 
Drugs are listed alphabetically, under 
non-proprietary names. The more common 
proprietary names are usually provided. 
Information about each drug includes: ma- 
jor uses; physical properties; absorption; 
actions. both therapeutic and toxic; mode 
of administration; preparations; dosage; 
antidotes. 
This compilation of drugs, although up- 
to-date and well presented, would have 
limited value in Canada. Many of the pro- 
prietary names listed are used only in the 
United States. 


The Stor} of Modern Medicine by 
Dr. Lawrence Rosenberg and Nancy 
Rosenberg. 112 pages. New York. W.W. 
Norton, 1966. 


This is a brief history of medicine for 
} oung teenagers. It tells of the growth 
of medical science throughout the centuries, 
from Imhotep to Sabin, from magic to 
electron microscopes. 
Dr. Rosenberg, a professor in orthopedic 
surgery, and Mrs. Rosenberg, the author of 
three other children's books, have outlined 
the major discoveries that have contributed 
to the development of modern medical 
science and briefly portrayed the lives of 
the men who made them. 
The book is accurate and interesting. It 
would be an excellent gift for any boy 
or girl interested in entering the medical 
or nursing field, and would be a valuable 
book for high school libraries. 


films 


April is Cancer month, and the following 
fIlms are all concerned with the early 
detection and treatment of cancer. The 
films would be available through your local 
Cancer Society, as well as through other 
film sources throughout the country. 


50 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Especially for Nurses 
What is Cancer? - 20-minute, black. 
and-white, sound. 
Breast Self-Examination - 15-minute, 
color, sound. 
II Could Happen To You - 8-minute, 
color, sound. 
Time and Two Women - 18-minute. 
color, sound. Also available in 35mm. 


For Community Groups 
Canadian Crusade - 15-minute, color, 
sound. 
Life-Story - 14-minute, color, sound. 
The Million Club - IO-minute and 28- 
minute, color, sound. Also available in 
35mm. 
Sense in the Sun - 14-minute, color, 
sound. 
Smoking and Lung Cancer - 30-minute, 
black-and-white, sound. 
Traitor Within I I-minute, CL.or, 
sound. 


accession list 


Publications in this list of material re- 
ceived recently in the CNA library are 
shown in language of source. The majority 
(reference material and theses, indicated 


by R, excepted) may be borrowed by CNA 
members, and by libraries of hospitals and 
schools of nursing and other institutions. 
Requests for loans should be made on the 
"Request Form for Accession List" (page 
52) and should be addressed to: The Libra- 
ry, Canadian Nurses' Association, 50 The 
Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario. 


BOOKS AND DOCUMENTS 
I. L'avenir des infirmières par Kaspar 
Naegele. Ottawa, Association des Infirmiè- 
res canadiennes, 1967. 30p. 
2. Baccalaureate education for the re- 
gistered nurse student. Proceedings of a 
Dept. of Baccalaureate and Higher Degree 
Programs Conference held in St. Louis, 
Miss., Jan. 20-21, 1966. New York, Nation- 
al League for Nursing, 1966. 67p. 
3. Catalogue de /'.édition du Canada 
français publiée par Ie Conseil supérieur 
du Livre avec Ie concours du Ministère des 
Affaires culturelles du Québec 1966-1967. 
Montréal, 1966. Iv. R 
4. Communication in nursing by Thora 
Kron. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1967. 244p. 
5. Drugs in current Use 1967 edited 
by Walter Modell. New York, Springer. 
1967. 152p. 
6. Esselltials of cancer nursing. A pri- 
mer on cancer for nurses. New York, 
American Cancer Society, New York City 
Cancer Committee, 1963. 125p. 


educational wOrking package 


\ 


POST. OPERATIVE MANA6EMENT KIT 


A must for all nurses and student nurses, the new POM Kit has 
become the most successful "in-service" teaching aid for Ileostomy 
and Ileal-Bladder education. Included in this working package are 
all the necessary products needed for proper post-operative man- 
agement of the patient - 3 Bongort Expendable Drainage Bags 
plus 5 sample sized accessory products. The POM Kit is yours for 
$1.00. Request 754 CN. 



.JJ'
 T.JÑ /T/F.,Ç! 0 
.4 fiG/GAL 


PORT CHESTER . NEW YORK 


APRil 1967 



accession list 


7. Freedom of USsoClUt101I ulld the pro- 
tt'ction of the right to orgallize; a worker's 
education manual. Geneva, International 
Labour Office, 1959. 157p. 
8. GO\'emmellts ulld the ulliversity; The 
F rank Gerstein lectures, York University, 
1966. Toronto, Macmillan, 1966. 92p. 
9. A guide for staffillg a hospital lIurs- 
il/g sen-icl' by Marguerite Paetznick. Gene- 
va. World Health Organization, 1966. 93p. 
10. Hiddell hierarchies the professiolls 
"nd go
'erllmel/t by Corinne Lathrop Gilb. 
New York, Harper and Row, 1966. 307p. 
I I. Hospital desigl/ al/d fUl/cliol/ by E. 
rodd Wheeler. New York, McGraw-Hili, 
1964. 296p. 
12. lmproi'il/g multiple - choice t est 
items. A manual for examiners by Ollie A. 
Jensen. Chicago, Public Personnel Associ- 
ation, 1963. 52p. 
13. Laboratory tests il/ commoll use by 
Solomon Garb. 4th ed. New York, Springer, 
1966. J 92p. 
14. Mal/uel pratique de l'il/firmière soi- 
I(,wllte; tome 3, reanimation anesthesie, 

ervice des opérations, appareillage divers 
pOllr les soins osseuses, explorations, et 
techniques en pathologie; spécialités inclu- 
ses par M. L. Nappee. Paris, Massons, 1966. 
793p. 
15. M illimum curriculum guide for 
schools of I/ursil/g il/ Saskatchewal/ COI/- 
ducting a basic diploma I/ursil/g educatiol/ 
program. Regina, Saskatchewan Nurses' As- 
sociation, 1966. 47p. 
16. Natiol/al studel/t aid illformatiol/ 
sen'ice; service de renseignements, aide na- 
tionale aux étudiants; undergraduate awards. 
Don Mills, Ont., Canadian Scholarship 
Trust Foundation Iv. (various paging). 
17. Nurses' duty apparel; a study of 
professional nurses' preferences in uniforms, 
shoes and hosiery. New York, American 
Journal of Nursing Co. Advertising Re- 
search Department, 1964, 78p. 
18. Nursil/g the multiple sclerosis pa- 
tient. New York, National Multiple Sclero- 

is Society, 1965. 1llp. 
19. Nutritiol/ for practical I/urses by 
S. Phyllis Howe. 4th ed. Philadelphia, 
Saunders, 1967. 302p. 
20. Proceedil/gs of the Cal/adial/ COI/- 
ferellce Oil Agil/g, Toronto, Jan. 24-28, 
1966. Ottawa, Can. Welfare Council. 1966. 
105p. 
21. Report of the W. K. Kellogg Foul/d- 
arioll, Battle Creek, Mich., 1966. 178p. 
22. Social security; a worker's education 
manual. Geneva, International Labour Off- 
ice, 1958. 132p. 
23. Studies il/ I/ursil/g; abstracts of re- 
ports submitted in partial fulfillment of the 
requirements for the degree of Master of 
Science in Nursing, 1961-1966. London, 


APRIL 1967 


Ont.. University of Western Ontario. School 
of Nur
ing, 1966. 21p. R 
24. A study of clwl/ges ill job satisfac- 
timl of lIurse practitiol/ers followil/g il/- 
Sf'n-ice educatiol/ program by Kathleen 
Mary Straub. New York. National League 
for Nursing, 1966. 90p. (League exchange 
no. 79 ) 
25. A callcer source book for I/urses. 
New York, American Cancer Society, 1963. 
120p. 


product preferences among hospital, public 
health. and private duty nurses. New York, 
American Journal of Nursing Co. Advertis- 
ing Research Department, 1966. 17p. 
27. Fifth report of the Expert Com- 
mittee 011 I/ursil/g. Geneva, World Health 
Organization, 1966. 32p. (WHO Technical 
report series no. 347) 
28. A guide for refresher courses for 
i,ll1ctÏl'e lIurses. Regina, Saskatchewan Re- 
gistered Nurses' Association, 1966. 12p. 
29. lmmul/ologie et reproductiol/ hu- 
mllÏl/e. Rapport d'un Groupe scientifique de 
rOMS. Genève, Organisation mondiale de 


PAMPHLETS 
26. Bae/" rubs; a study of practices and 


ONE-STEP PREP 



 


... 


with 
FLEET ENEMA" 
sÙ/gle dose 
disposable ui/it 
FLEET ENEMA's fast prep time obsoletes soap and 
water procedures. The enema does not require warm- 
ing. It can be used at room temperature. It avoids the 
ordeal of injecting large quantities of fluid into the 
bowel, and the possibility of water intoxication. 
The patient should preferably be lying on the left side 
with the knees flexed, or in the knee-chest position. 
Once the protective cap has been removed, and the 
prelubricated anatomically correct rectal tube ge
tly 
inserted. simple manual pressure on the container 
does the rest! Care should be taken to ensure that 
the contents of the bowel are completely expelled. Left 
8
 colon catharsis is normally achieved in two to five 
minutes, with little or no mucosal irritation, pain or 
spasm. If a patient is dehydrated or debilitated, 
hypertonic solutions such as FLEET ENEMA, must 
be administered with caution. Repeated use at short 
intervals is to be avoided. Do not administer to children 
under six months of age unless directed by a physician. 
And afterwards, no scrubbing, no sterilisation, no 
preparation for re-use. The complete FLEET ENEMA 
unit is simply discarded! 
Every special plastic "squeeze-bottle" contains 4V2 
fl. oz. of precisely formulated solution, so that the 
adult dose of 4 fl. oz. can be easily expelled. A patented 
diaphragm prevents leakage and reverse flow, as well 
as ensuring a comfortable rate of administration. 
Each J 00 cc. of FLEET ENEMA contains: 
Sodium biphosphate ......... 16 gm. 
Sodium phosphote . 6 gm. 
For our brochure: "The Enema: Indications and Techniques", 
containing full information, write to: Professional Service 
Deportment, Charles E. Frosst & Co., P.O. Box 247, 
Montreal 3, P.O. 


,-- ... 
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'I ......1 
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". 
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Cl>Registered trade mark. 


A
i
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.3 MONTREaL catlilaDa 

 FOUNDED IN CANADA IN 1699 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 51 



accession list 


la Santé, 1966. 23p. (Série de rapports 
techniques no. 334) 
30. A list of schools of nursing ill 
Olltario and minimum education require- 
l1Ie11ts for entrance. Toronto, Ontario Hos- 
pital Association, 1966. 30p. 
31. The nurse in public health agencies; 
her role, functions and practices by Dor- 
othy Sutherland. New York, Nursing Out- 
look, 1963. 38p. 
32. Nurse-faculty census i966; various 
programs of nursing education by Hessel 
Flitter. New York, National League for 
Nursing, 1966. 11 p. 
33. Performance test procedures and 
problems by Roscoe W. Wisner. Chicago, 
Public Personnel Association, 1965. 26p. 
(Personnel brief no. 29) 
34. Problems arising from the handling 
of drugs ill the physicians office by Lester 
P. Dodd. New York, American Nurses' 
Association, 1966. 4p. 
35. Problems with pharmaceutical prac- 
tices ill physicians offices by Robert C. 
Johnson. New York, American Nurses' As- 
sociation, 1966. 4p. 
36. You and the press by Eric Sleath. 


London, National and Local Government 
Officers Association, Public Relations De- 
partment, 1966. 24p. 


GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS 
British Columbia 
37. Bureau of Economics and Statistics. 
Dept. of Industrial Development, Trade, 
and Commerce. Salary and wage rate sur- 
I'ey. A study of salary and wage rates in 
selected clerical, professional and trade oc- 
cupations in business, industrial and service 
establishments in four regions. Victoria, 
1966. 32p. 


Canada 
38. Dept. of Labour. Economics and Re- 
search Branch. Labour organization ill 
Canada. 55 ed. Ottawa, Queen's Printer, 
1966, 106p. 
39. Dept. of Labour. Labour-manage- 
ment Co-operation Service. Joint consult- 
atioll in hospitals and sen'ice industries. 
Ottawa, 1966. 15p. 
40. Royal Commission on Health Ser- 
vices. Emerging patterns in health care by 
Robert Kohn. Ottawa, Queen's Printer, 
1966. 145p. 


Great Britain 
41. Central Office of Information. Re- 
ference Division. Social services in Britain. 
Rev. London, 1966. 115p. 
42. Ministry of Health. Central Health 
Services Council. The post-certificate train- 


ing alld education of nurses. London, Her 
Majesty's Stat. Off., 1966. 21p. 
israel 
43. Ministry of Health. Nursing Depart- 
ment. Nursing in israel. Jerusalem, 1964. 
Edited by M. Olga Weiss. 74p. 
Manitoba 
44. Minister of Health's Committee on 
the Supply of Nurses. Report. Winnipeg, 
1966. 152p. 
United States 
45. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel- 
fare. Mental retardation activities; annual 
report January 1966. Washington, U.S. 
Govt. Print. Off., 1966. 87p. 
46. -. Children's Bureau. America's 
children and youth in institutions 1950, 
1960, 1964. A demographic analysis. Wash- 
ington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1966. 49p. 
47. -. Public Health Service. Biblio- 
graphy of the history of medicine. Bethesda, 
Maryland, 1966. 290p. 
48. -. Cancer manual for public 
health nurses. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. 
Off., 1963. 112p. 


STUDIES DEPOStTED IN CNA REPOStTORY COL- 
LECTION 
49. Problems regarding performance 
evaluation as expressed by thirty-one head 
nurses in one Canadian hospital by Betty 
Nanette Nixon Harrington. Seattle, 1966. 
67p. Thesis (M.N.) - Washington. R 


Request Form 
for "Accession List" 
CANADIAN NURSES r 
ASSOCIATION LIBRARY 


Send to: 
LIBRARIAN, Canadian Nurses' Association, 
50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario, 
Please lend me the following publications, listed in the 
....... ....,.. , issue of The Canadian Nurse, 
or add my name to the waiting list to receive them when 
available. 
Item Author Short title (for identification) 
No. 


TOO MANY SQUARE MEALS? 


Tums get rid of acid 
indigestion fast! 


Request for loans will be filled in order of receipt. 
Reference and restricted material must be used in the 
CNA library. 
Borrower 


Position .. 


Address 


Date requested .. 


Good eating and drinking is some- 
thing we all like. But indigestion is 
the course that finishes the meal for 
too many of,us. When that happe':!s, 
take Tums. They're pleasantly mint 
flavoured, need no water and get to 
work fast on heartburn, gas and stom- Try Tums lor the tummy I 
ach upsets. And long-lasting 
T"m,.'" '''''' ,!fe,,,.., t
 
 
consume 93 times their n n 1M) ce. 
own weig ht in excess stom- IZ \YI UVU 
 
aëI1ãëTd. Tums cost just a .. 
dime, so try them soon. 
APRIL 1967 


52 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



classified advertisements 


ALBERTA 


BRITISH COLUMBIA 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING EDUCATION: RED DEER 
JUNIOR COLLEGE. This position will require a 
person with a master.s degree in nursing education 
to be responsible under the dean's direction for 
,he organjzotion and operation of a two-year pro- 
gramme of nursing education. Experience with cur- 
rent programmes of nurses' training desirable. 
Duties will begin April t, 1967. Persons interested 
may write for further details and for application 
forms to: G.H. Dowe, Superintendent of Schools, 
Red Deer Public School District No. 104, 4747 - 
53 Street, Red Deer, Alberta. 1-76-5 


Ålloclat. Director of Nursing S.rvice - responsible 
for nursing service in 200-bed general hospital. 
University prepraraf10n and experience essential. 
Apply Director of Nursing, Lethbridge Municipal 
Hospital, Lethbridge, Alberta. 1-57-1 


REGISTERED NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY (WANTED) 
for a 37-bed General Hospital. Salory $380 - $440 
per month Commencing with $375 with 1 year and 
$390 with 3 years practical experience elsewhere. 
Full maintenance available at $35 per month. Pen- 
sion plan available, train fare from any point in 
Canada will be refunded after 1 year employment. 
Hospital located in a town of 1.100 population, 85 
miles from Capital City on a paved highway. 
Apply to: Two Hills Municipol Hospitol, Two Hills, 
Alberta. 1-88-' 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES - Salary ronge - $4,320 
to $5,460 per annum, 40 hour week. Modern living. 
in facilities available at moderate rates. if desired. 
Civil Service holiday. sick leave and pension bene- 
fjts. Starting salary commensurate with training 
and experience. Apply to: Superintendent of Nurses. 
Boker Memorial Sanatorium, Box n. Calgary. 
Alberto. 1-14-3 A 


ADVERTISING 
RA TES 


FOR ALL 
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING 


$10.00 for 6 lines or less 
$2.00 for each additional line 


Rates for display 
advertisements on request 


Closing date for copy and cancellation is 
6 weeks prior to 1st day of publication 
month. 
The Canadian Nurses' Association has 
not yet reviewed the personnel policies 
of the hospitals and agencies advertising 
in the Journal. For authentic information, 
prospective applicants should apply to 
the Registered Nurses' Association of the 
PrOliince in which they are interested 
in working. 


Address correspondence to: 


The 
Canadian 
Nurse 


.,/' 


() 

 


50 THE DRIVEWAY 
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO 


APRIL 1967 


I I 


ALBERTA 


NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in octive 30.bed hospital, 
recently constructed building. Town on main line of 
.he C.P.R. and on Number 1 highway, midway 
between the cities of Calgary and Medicine Hat. 
Nurses on staff must be willing and able to take re- 
sponsibil ity in all departments of nursing. with the 
exceptions of the Operating Room. Recently renovated 
nurses' residence with all single rooms situated on 
hospital grounds. Apply to: Mrs. M. Hislop, Adminis. 
'rotor and Director of Nursing. Bessano General Has. 
pital, Bassano, Alberta. 1-5-1 


General Duty Nurse. for active, accredited. well- 
equipped 64.bed hospital in growing town, population 
3,500. Salaries range from $380-$440 commensurate 
with experience. other benefits. Nurses residence. 
Excellent personnel policies and working conditions. 
New modern wing opened this year. Good commu- 
nications to large nearby cities. Apply Director of 
Nursing, Brooks General Hospital, Brooks, Alberta. 
1-13-1B 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES for modern 25-bed hos- 
pitol on Highway No. 12, East-Central Alberta. 
Solary ronge $380 to $440. (including a regional 
differential). New staff residence. Full maintenance 
$35. Personnel policies as per AARN. Apply to the: 
Director of Nursing. Coronation Municipal Hospital. 
Coronation, Alberta. Tel.: 578-3803. 1-25-1B 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 64-bed, active treatment 
hospital, 35 miles South of Calgary. Salary range 
$360 - $420. Living accommodation availoble in 
separate residence if desired. Full maintenance in 
residence $35 per month. 30 days paid vacation after 
12 months employment. Please apply to: The Director 
of Nursing, High River Municipal Hospital, High 
River, Alberta. 1-46.1 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Modern 26-bed hospital 
close to Edmonton. 3 buses doily. Salary $360.00 to 
$420.00 per month commensurate with experience. 
Residence avoilable $35.00 per month. Excellent 
personnel pol icies. Apply: Director of Nursing. 
Mayertholpe Municipal Hospital, Mayerthorpe, Al- 
berta. 1-61-1 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 94-bed General Hospital 
located in Alberta's unique Dinosaur Badlands. $360 
- $420 per month, 40 hour week, 31 doys vocation, 
pension. Blue Cross. M.S.I. and generous sick time. 
Apply to: Miss M. Hawkes, Director of Nursing, Drum. 
heller General Hospital, Drumheller, Alberta. 1-31 -2 A 


BRITISH COLUMBIA 


Op.rating Room Hoad Nurs. ($464 - $552), G.n.ral 
Duty Nurs.s (B.C. Register.d $405 - $481, non-Regis- 
tered $390) for fully accredited 113-bed hospital in 
N.W. B.C. Excellent fishing, skiing, skating, curling 
end bowling. Hot springs swimming nearby. Nurses' 
residence. room $20 per month. Cafeteria meals. 
Apply: Director of Nursing, Kitimot General Hospital. 
Kitimat, British Columbia. 2-36-1 


Royol Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, B.C., invites B.C. 
Registor.d Nurs.s (or those .'igibl.) to apply for 
positions in Medicine. Surgery and Psychiatry. Apply 
to: Director of Nursing. Victoria, British Columbia. 
2-76-4A 


A Medical.Surgical HUrling Instrudor, with University 
preparation, for a 450-bed hospital with a school of 
nursing, 150 students. Apply: Sister Mary Ronalda, 
M.N.. Director, School of Nursing, St. Joseph's Hos- 
pital, Victoria, B.c. 2-76-5B 


PSYCHIATRIC CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR required by 
ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL, KAMLOOPS, British Col- 
umbia. For further information write to: Director of 
Nursing Education, Royal Inland Hospital, Kam- 
loops, B.C. 2-81-2 


REGISTERED, GRADUATE NURSES AND PRACTICAL 
NURSES for modern 70-bed accredited hospital on 
Voncouver Island, B. C. Resort area - home of the 
tyee salmon - four hour. travelling time fo City of 
Vancouver. RNABC policies and Union Contract in 
effect. Residence accommodation available. Direct 
enquiries to: Director of Nursing, Campbell River and 
District General Hospital, Campbell River, British 
Columbia. 2-9-1 A 


GRADUATE NURSES for 24.bed hospital, 35-mi. from 
Vancouver. on coast. salary and personnel prac. 
tices in accord with RNABC. Accommodation availa- 
ble. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital, 
Squamist>, British Columbia. 2-68-1 


I I 


B_C. R.N. for G.n.ral Duty in 32 bed General Hospi- 
ta'. RNABC 1967 salary rate $390 - $466 and fringe 
benefits, modern, comfortable, nurses' residence in 
attractive community close to Vancouver, B.C. For 
application form write: Director of Nursing, Fraser 
Canyon Hospital, R.R. I, Hope, B.C. 2.30- 1 
GENERAL DUTY NURSES (Two) for active 66-bed 
hospital, with new hOipital to open in 1968. 
Active In-service programme. Salary range $372 to 
$444 per month. Personnel policies according to 
current RNABC contract. Hospital situated in beauti- 
ful East Kootenays of British Columbia, with swim- 
ming, golfing and skiing facilities readily available. 
Apply to: The Director of Nursing, St. Eugene Hos- 
pital, Cranbrook, British Columbia. 2-15.1 
G.n.ral Duty Nurs.s for active 30-bed hospital. 
RNABC policies and schedules in effect, also North- 
ern allowance. Accommodations available in res. 
idence. Apply: Director af Nursing, General Hospital, 
Fort Nelson, British Columbia. 2-23.1 
G.n.ral Duty NUrl.. for new 30-bed hospital 
located in excellent recreational area. Salary and 
personnel pol iciel in accordance with RNABC. Com. 
fortabl. Nurses' home. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Boundary Hospital, Grand Forks, British Columbia. 
2-27.2 


G....ral Duty Nurs.. (2 immediately) for active, 
26-bed hospital in the heart of the Rocky Mountains, 
90 miles from Banff and Lake Louise. Accommoda- 
tion avoilable in attractive nurses. residence. Apply 
giving full details of training, experience, etc. to: 
Administrator, Windermere District Hospital, Inver- 
mere, British Columbia. 2-31.1 
G.n.rat Duty Nurs.s for new 37-bed hospital. 
Located in Southwest British Columbia. Salary and 
personnel policies in accordance with RNABC. $390 
to $466. Accommodation avoilable in residence. Apply 
to: Director of Nursing, Nicola Valley General Hos- 
pital, Box 129, Merritt, British Columbia. 2-41.1 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES - for 109.bed hospitol in 
expanding Northwestern British Columbia City. Salary 
$405 to $481 for B.C. Registered Nurses with recogni- 
tion for experience. RNABC contract in effect. Gradu- 
ate Nurses not registered in B.C. paid $390. Benefits 
include comprehensive medical and pension plans. 
Travel allowance up to $60 refunded after one 
yea,'s service. Comfortable modern residence accom. 
modation at $15 per month, meols at cost. Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, Prince Rupert General Hospital, 
551-5th Avenue East, Prince Rupert, B.C. 2-58-2A 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES - Salary - non - B.C. 
registered $375 per month - B.C. registered $390- 
$466, depending on experience. RNABC policies in 
effect. Nurses' residence available. Group Medical 
Heolth Plan. All winter and summer sports. Apply: 
Director of Nursing, Cariboo Memorial Hospital. Wil- 
liams Lake, British Columbia. 2.80-1 A 


G.n.ral Duty O. R. and .xperi.nced Obstetrical 
Nurs.. for modern, ISO-bed hospital located in the 
beautiful Fraser Valley. Personnel policies in ac- 
cordance with RNABC. APpl r. to: Director af Nursing, 
Chilliwack General Hospifa, Chilliwack, British Co- 
lumbia. 2-13-1 


G.nerat Duty and Operating Room Nurs.s for 70-bed 
Acute General Hospital on Pacific Coast. B.C. Regis. 
tered $390 - $466 per month (Credit for experience). 
Non B.C. Registered $375 - Practical Nurses B.C. Li- 
censed $273 - $311 per month. Non Registered $253- 
$286 per month. Board $20 per month, room $5.00 per 
month. 20 paid holidays per year and 10 statutory 
holidays after 1 year. Fare paid from Vancouver. 
Superannuation and medical plans. Apply: Director of 
Nursing.. St. George's Hospital, Alert Bay, British 
Columbia. 2-2-1 A 


General Duty, Operating Room and Experienced 
Obst.trical Nurs.s for 434-bed hospitol with school 
of nursing. Salary: $372-$444. Credit for past ex. 
perience and postgraduate training. 40.hr. wk. Stat. 
utory holidays. Annual increments; cumulative sick 
leave; pension plan; 28-daYI annual vacation; B.C. 
registration required. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, British 
Columbia. 2-73-13 


General Duty and experienced Operating Room 
Nurse for 54-bed active hospital in northwes.ern 
B.C. t967 solaries: B.C. Registered $405, Non- 
Registered, $390, RNABC personnel policies in effect. 
Planned rotation. New residence. room and board: 
$50/m. T.V. and good social activities Write: 
Director of Nursing. Box 1297. Terrace. British 
Columbia. 2.70-2 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 53 



ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH 


ANNOUNCES VACANCIES 
FOR 


REGISTERED NURSES 


The Ontario Department of Health has positions available for Registered Nurses (Ontario) as Ward Super- 
visors and Ward Nurses at the following mental hospitals and hospital schools: 
BROCKVILLE, COBOURG, EDGAR, GODERICH, HAMILTON, KINGSTON, LAKESHORE, LONDON, NORTH BAY, 
OWEN SOUND, PALMERSTON, PENETANGUISHENE, PORT ARTHUR, ST. THOMAS, TORONTO, WHITBY, 
WOODSTOCK. 
SALARIES: WARD SUPERVISORS - $5,250 to $6,000 
WARD NURSES - $5,000 to $5,500 


NOTE: Eligibility for supervisory positions may depend on additional nursing training. Salaries above 
minimum will be considered for previous experience and additional qualifications. 
BENEFITS: Sick leave credits, vacation credits, excellent pension, subsidized health and life insurance plans, 
annual salary increments. 


(î) 


ONTARIO 
PROVINCE OF OPPORTUNITY 


Interested applicants should apply to: 
Director, 
PERSONNEL AND ORCANIZATION 
Ontario Department of Health, 
Room 5424, Whitney Block, 
Parliament Building, Toronto 5, Ontario. 


MAIMONIDES HOSPITAL 
AND HOME FOR THE AGED 


AN OPPORTUNITY. e . . 
A CHALLENGE.. e . 
A NEW EXPERIENCE.... 


SUPERVISORS, STAFF NURSES, NURSING 
ASSISTANTS, INSTRUCTORS, PSYCHIATRIC 
NURSE: 


We invite you to join the nursing ItaH of New Mai. 
monides. 


LIBERAL VACATION . . HEALTH AND 
PENSION PLANS . . SALARIES COM- 
MENSURATE WITH RECOGNIZED SCALES 


Apply to: 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


5795 Caldwell Avenue 
Montreal 29, Quebec 


54 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


DIRECTOR 
OF SCHOOL OF NURSING 


Applications are invited for the above position in a 
School of Nursing intending to revise programme in 
Fall of 1967 to a two year programme with a third 
year of experience in hospital nursing service. The 
School of Nursing is a new self-contained educational 
building, opened in 1964, with enrollment of ap- 
proximately 140 students. 


Trent University is situated in Peterborough. 


Minimum requirement - Bachelor's Degree. Salary 
will be commensurate with qualifications and ex- 
perience. 


For further details apply to: 


Chairman of Nursing Education Committee, 


PETERBOROUGH CIVIC HOSPITAL 


Peterborough, Ontario 


APRIL 1967 



r 


BRITISH COLUMBIA 


G.n.ral Duly and Op.rating Room Nu.... for 
modern 450-bed hospital with School of Nursing. 
RNASC policies in ..ffeet. Credit for past experience 
and postgraduate uoining. British Cofumbia registra- 
tion required. For porticu.ars write to: the Director of 
Nursing .5ervlce. SI. Joseph"s Hospital, Victona, Br.tish 
Columbia. 2-76-5 


Graduat. Nur.e required for 26-bed hospital in sunny 
8.e. interior, solory $410 per month with 28 days 
annual vacation plus JO paid stats. Full room and 
board in TV equipped re.idence $50 per month with 
free uniform laundry. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Princeton General Ho.pital, Princeton, B.e. 2-59-1 


GRADUATE NURSES: Join us at the booming center 
of B.e.!! Surrounded by 50 beautiful loke. with 
excellent boating, swimming, fishing plus all winter 
sports. On hour's drive from Prince George, the 
fostest growing city in Canado. Active 44-bed has. 
pital cnd modern nurses' residence over looking the 
picturesqee Nechako River. Starting salary $372 - $4
8, 
recognition given for experience. Health and pension 
plan, 4O-hr. week and 4 weeks vacation. Write. to: 
Mrs. M. Grant, Director of Nursing, St. John Hospital, 
Vanderhoof, British Columbia. 2-74-1 


GRADUATE NURSES for bu.y 21-bed generol ho.pital 
preferobly with obstetricol experience. Friendly at- 
mosphere. beoutiful beaches. local curling club. 
Own room and board $40 month. Ba.ic salary $357 
or $372 pL s recognition for post graduate. eJ(- 
perience. Apply Motron. Tofino General Hospital, 
Tofino, Voncoever Island, B. e. 2-71-1 


STOPI Summer is just around the corner and with 
it Vacotion. & Stoff Chonges. Applications will be 
received for positions on the staff of our modern 
80-bed general ho.pital situated in the Fra.er Volley 
convenient to Voncouver, Okanagan Valley. Van- 
couver Island and Seattle. Accommodation avoilable 
in Stoff Residence. RNABe. Personnel Policies in 
effect. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Longley Me- 
morial Hospital, Murrayville, B.e. 2-44.1 


PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES: B.e. Civil Service. Solary: 
$476-$580 per month, cor provided. Interesting and 
challenging professional service with opportunities for 
tronsfer throughout beautiful B.e. Apply to: B.e. 
Civil Service Commission, 544 Michigan Street, 
VICTORIA, B.e. 
COMPETITION No. 67:57. 2-76-7 


MANITOBA 


Dir.ctor of Nurses for up-to-date 38.bed ho.pital. 
New nurses' residence of 1964 has separate nurses 
suite availoble. Sick leave, pension plan and other 
fringe benefits availoble. Personnel policies will be 
sent on request. Enquiries should include experience, 
qual ification. and salary expected, ond should be 
Hospital District No. 24, Box 660, Altona, Manitoba. 
addressed to: Mr.. O. Hamm, Administrator, Altona 
3-1.1 


Regi.t.red Nurs.: Required for 5O-bed general hospital 
in Fort Churchill, Monitoba. Starting salary $500 per 
month. Return fare from Winnipeg refunded after one 
year's service. For particulars write to: Director of 
Nursing, General Hospital, Fort Churchill, Manitoba. 
3-75-1 


Regi.t.red Nur..' for 18-bed ho.pital at Vito Manitoba, 
70 miles from Winnipeg. Daily bus service. Salary 
range $390 - $475, with allowonce for experience. 
40 hour week, 10 statutory hol iday., 4 week. po id 
vocation after one year. Full maintenance available 
for $50 per month. Apply: Matron, Vito Di.trict 
Hospital, Vito, Manitoba. 3-68-1 


Registred Nurse: Position available, effective as soon 
as pos.ible, at GLENBORO HOSPITAL a 16-bed 
hospital, locoted 100 miles west of Winnipeg on 
No. 2 Highway. Excellent residence accommodation 
ovailable. Starting .alary January I, 1967 - $395 
per month. Increments allowed for experience. Per- 
lonnel Pol icy Manual ond application forms on 
request with no obligation. Please forward all en- 
quiries to: Mr. S. A. Oleson, Box 130, Glenboro, 
Manitoba_ Telephone No. 115 or No. 17. 3-28-tA 


Applications are invited from R.N.'. currently regis- 
tered in Manitoba for the position of matron in 
17-bed hospital at Grondview, Mon. Please .tate 
salary expected. Some experience preferred and 
allowance mode for same. Board and room avai. 
lable in residence ot reasonable rates. Personnel po. 
licies On request. Enquiries should include experience 
and qual ificotions. Apply to: Grondview Hospital, 
Box 8, Grandview, Mon. 3.29-1 


REGISTERED NURSE FOR DOCTOR'S OFFICE: Co. for 


APRIL 1967 


j I 


MANITOBA 


personal u.e could be provided. Please send appli- 
cation with references and information as to ex- 
perience and expected salary to: Hanover Medical 
Clinic, Steinboch, Manitoba. 3-59-2 


Registered Nurse or Licensed Practical Nurse for 
10-bed hospital. Starting .alary - R.N. $400; loP.N. 
$276 or up according to experience. 40-hour week, 
3 weeks vocation, 9 .tatutory holidays. For further 
information apply: Miss D. Moore, Matron, Wawa- 
nesa Hospital, Wawanesa, Manitoba. 3-69-1 


Registered Nurses and Licensed Practical Nurles for 
232.bed Children'. Ho.pital, with .chool of nursing; 
active teaching center. Positions available on all 
services. Apply: Director of Nursing, Children's Hos- 
pitol, Winnipeg 3, Manitoba_ 3-72- J 


REGISTERED NURSES for Gen.ral Duly in 20-bed 
Ho.pitol. Solary range $405 to $490 per month. Liv. 
ing accommodations available. Generous Personnel 
Policies. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Reston Com- 
munity Hospital, Reston, Manitoba. 3-46-2 A 


General Duty Nurses for loo-bed active treatment hos- 
pital. Fully occredited. 50 miles from Winnipeg on 
Trans Canada Highway. Apply: Director of Nursing 
Service, Portage District General Hospital, Portage Lo 
Proirie. Manitoba. 3-45.t 


General Duty Nurse required for Indian Residential 
School of 200 pupil., 20 mile. from the Pos, Mon. 
Boy. and girls aged 9 to 18, di.ease prevention 
and core of minor illness, town hospitol and doctors 
only 20 miles away. light duties, in-lodging. If 
married, husband might find other iob in .chool. 
Solary $400. for 10 .chool month. plu. 3 weeks 
poid holidays. Write: Rev. Fr. L. Poirier, Principal, 
Guy Indian School, Guy Hill, Mon. 3-29-2 


NOVA SCOTIA 


Dir.ctor for School 0' Nursing: 50 student.. Excellent 
working conditions. Apply to: M. Jean Hemsworth, 
Administrator, Glace Boy General Ho.pital, Gloce 
Boy, Novo Scotia. 6-15-1 


R.gi.ter.d and Graduat. Nur... for General Duty. 
New hospital with all modern conveniences, also, 
new nurses' residence available. South Shore Com- 
munity. Apply to: Superintendant, Queens General 
Hospital, liverpool, Novo Scotia. 6-20.1 


Regi.t.rod Nur.e. for 21.bed hospital in pleasont 
community Eostern Shore of Nova Scotia. Apply: 
Superintendent, Eastern Shore Memorial Hospital, 
Sheet Harbour, Novo Scotia. 6-32-1 


REGISTERED NURSES for 53-bed medium and long- 
term active treatment hospital in a progressive city. 
Particulars on request. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Halifax Civic Hospital, 5938 University Avenue, Hali- 
fox, Novo Scotia. 6-t7-10 A 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Position. available for 
Registered Qualified General Duly Nurse. for 138. 
bed active treatment hospital. Residence accom. 
modation avoilable. Applications and enquiries will 
be received by:: Director of Nursing, Blanchard-Fraser 
Memorial Ho.pital, Kentville, Novo Scotia. 6-19.1 


ONTARIO 


Director of Nursing: Applications are invited for 
the position of Director of Nursing effective April 1, 
1967, for a well.equipped 42-bed General Hospital 
located mid-way between Winnipeg and the Lake. 
head in Northwestern Ontario. For full particulars 
write to: Administrator, Sioux lookout General Hospi... 
tal, P.O. Box 909, Sioux Lookout, Ontario. 7-119.IC 


A..i.tant Director of Public H.alth Nur.ing for ex- 
ponding Health Unit, generalized program in Wei- 
land County. Duties to commence at mutual conev
 
nience, salary open, usual allowances and fringe 
benefit.. Apply to: Director, Wellond and District 
Health Unit, King Street at fourth, Weiland, Ontario. 
7-141-2 


R.gi.t.red Nurs. for 34.bed hospital, min. .alary 
$387 with regular annual incrementa to maximum 
of $462. 3-wk. vocation with pay; .ick leave after 
6.mo. .orvice. All Stoff - 5 day 40.hr. wk. 9 
statutory holidays, pen. ion plan and other beneii... 
Apply to: Superintendont, Englehart & Di.trict Ho.. 
pitol, Englehart, Ontario. 7-40-1 


I I 


ONTARIO 


REGISTERED NURSES required for 100-bed hospital in 
the Model Town of the North. All usual fringe 
benefit. available and a limited amount of livig-in 
accommodation. Salary range for general duty nurses 
$415 - $485 depending On qualifications and ex- 
perience. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Sensenbren. 
ner Hospital, Kapuskasing, Ontario. 7-62-1 


REGISTERED NURSES (IMMEDIATELY) for a new 40- 
bed hospital. Nurses' residence - private rooms with 
both - $20 per month. Minimum .alary $415 plu. 
experience allowance, 4 semi-annual increments. 
Reply to: The Director of Nursing, Geraldton District 
Hospital, Geraldton, Ontario. 7-50-1 A 


Registered Nurses. Applications and enquiries are 
invited for generol duty position. on the stoff of the 
Manitouwadge General Ho.pital. Excellent .alary 
and fringe benefits. Liberal policies regarding ac- 
commodation and vacation. Modern well-equipped 
33-bed hospital in new mining town, about 250-mi. 
ea.t of Port Arthur ond north-we.t of White Rive., 
Ontario Pop. 3,500. Nurses' residence comprises indi- 
vidual self-contained apts. Apply, stating qualifica. 
tions, experience, age, marital status, phone number, 
etc. to the Administrator, General Hospitol, Mani- 
touwadge. Ontario. Phone 826-3251 7-74-1 A 


REGISTERED NURSE with administrafive experience 
required by nursing home located in outskirts of 
Metropolitan Toronto - Living-in accommodotion 
available if desired. For further information write 
P.O. Box A, The Canadian Nurse, 50 The Driveway. 
Ottowa 4, Onfario. 7-152-1 A 


Registored Nurses: Basic salary $400 per month, and 
full maintenance $45/m. Supervisory advancement 
opportunnities. Resident accommodations availoble; 
Hospital situated in tourist town off lake Huron. 
For further information write: Superintendent, Sau- 
geen Memorial Hospital, Southampton, Ontario. 
7-122-1 


REGISTERED NURSES required immediately for 53- 
bed hospital. Minimum salary $400 plus. Three weeks 
vacation, pension, I ife and medical insurance, 8 
statutory holidays, 40 hour week. Air, fail and road 
communication. Northern ho.pitality. Apply to: Direc. 
tor of Nurses, Porcupine General Hospital, South 
Porcupine, Onto 7-123.1 


Algonquin Pari< camp for girl.: Requir. R.gi.t.red 
Nur.e.. July and/or August. Single, under 50. Apply: 
Camp Tanamakoon, 24 Wilberton Road, Toronto 7, 
Ontario. HU. 1.3704. 7-133.72 


Rogi.t.red Nu.... for t8-bed (expanding to 36 bed) 
Generol Hospital in Mining and Resort town of 5,000 
people. Beautifully located on Wawa Lake, 140 miles 
north of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Wide variety of 
summer and winter sports including swimming, boat- 
ing, fishing, golfing, skating, curl ing and bowl ing. 
Six churches of different failhs. Solaries comparable 
with 011 northern ho.pitals. limited bed and board 
ovailable ot reasonable rate. Excellent personnel 
policies, pleasant working conditions. Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, The Lady Dunn General Hospital, 
Box 179, Wowa, Ontario. 7-140-1 B 


Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 
for 100-bed General Hospital, situated in Northern 
Ontario. Salary range $415 - $455 per month, RNA'. 
$273 - $317 per month, .hift differential, annual 
increments, 40 hour week, OHSC and P.S.I. plan. in 
effect. Accommolation available in residence if 
desired. For full particulars apply to: The Director 
of Nurses, lady Minta Hospital, Cochrane, Ontario. 
7.30.1 B 


Registered Nurses and Regiltered Nursing Allistants 
for 160-bed accredited ho.pitol. Starting salary $415 
and $285 re.pectively with regular annual incre- 
ments for both. Excellent personnel policie.. Re.id- 
ence accommodation avoilable. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Kirkland & District Hospital, Kirkland Lake, 
Ontario. 7-67-1 


Registered Nurs_ and Registered Nursing Assistanh 
for 123.bed accredited hospital. Starting salary $400 
and $255 re.pectively with regular increments for 
both. U.ual fringe benefits. For full information, 
apply to: Director of Nursing, Dufferin Area Hos. 
pital, Orangeville, Ontario. Phone 941-2410. 7-90-1 


Regi.tered Nur... and R.gi.t.red Nursing A..i.tants: 
Applications are invited from R. N's and R. N. Ass'ts. 
who ore interested in returning to "nursing at the 
bedside" in a well-equipped General Ho.pital. excel- 
lent starting salaries and fringe benefits now. Further 
increase January 1, 1967. Residence accommodation if 
de. ired. for full particular. write to: Director of 
Nursing, Sioux Lookout General Hospital, P. O. Box 
909, Sioux Lookout, Ontario. 7-119-1 A 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 55 



ONTARIO 


Registored Nur
es and Registerod Nursing Allistants, 
for 100-bed General Hospital, situated in northern 
Ontaria. Starting salary, Registered Nurses $390 per 
month. Registered Nursing Assistants 5273 per month, 
shift differential, annual increment, 40 hour week. 
O. H. A. pension plan and group' life insurance, 
O. H. S. C. and P. S. I. plans in effect. Accammada. 
tion available in residence if desired. For full par- 
tIculars apply: The Directar af Nurses, Lady Minto 
Hospitol, Cochr<.ne, Ontario. 7-30-1 A 


Regist.rod Nurses and Regist.red Nursing Assistants 
are invited to make application to our 75-bed, 
modern General Hospital. You will be in the Vaca. 
tionland of the North, midway between the Lakehead 
and Winnipeg, Manitoba. Basic wage for Registered 
Nurses is $408 and for Registered Nursing Assistants 
is $285 with yearly increments and consideration for 
experience. Write or phone: The Director of Nursing, 
Dryden District General Hospital, DRYDEN, Ontario. 
7-26-IA 


Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing ASlistants 
for 83-bed General Hospital in French speaking Com- 
munity of Northern Ontario. R.N:s salary: $420 to 
$465/m., 4 weeks vacation, 18 sick leave days and 
R.N.A:s salary: $300 to $340/m., 2 weeks vacation 
and 12 sick leave days. Unused sick leave are paid 
at 100 0/0. Rooming accommodations available in 
Town ond meals served at the Hospital. Excellent 
personnel pol ides. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Notre-Dame Hospital, Hearst, Ontario. 7-58-1 


REGISTERED NURSES and REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS for General Duty in a new 35-bed 
General Hospital in Western Ontario. Excellent per. 
sonnel policies, modern nurses' residence. Salary 
commensurate with experience and qualifications. 
Apply to: Administrator, Louise Marshall Hospital, 
Mount Forest, Ontario. 7.82-1 


Registered Nursel and Registered Nursing Assiltants. 
Starting Salary for R.N. is $415 and for R.N.A. is $300. 
AII
wance for experience. Excellent fringe benefi1s. 
w.rrte: Mrs 
. Gordon, Superintendent, Nipigon Dis- 
tnct Memonal Hospitol, Box 37, Nipigon, Ontario. 
7.87-1 


Registered Nurses for General Staff and Operating 
Room. Accredited 235-bed, modern, General Hospital. 
Good personnel policies. Beginning salary $400 per 
month, re
ogniti.on for experience, annual bonus plan. 
Planned in-service programs. Assistance with trans- 
port.ation. Apply: Director of Nursing, Sudbury Me. 
monal Hospital, Regent Street, S., Sudbury, Ontario. 
7.127.4 A 


Registered or Graduate Nurses, required for modern 
92-bed hospitol. Residence accommodation $20 month. 
Iy. Overseas nurses welcome. Lovely old Scottish 
Town near Ottawa. Apply: Director of Nursing, The 
Greot War Memorial Hospital, Perth, Ontario. 7-100-2 


Registered N,!rses for General Duty in well.equipped 
28-bed hospItal, located in growing gold mining 
and tourist area, north of Kenora, Ontario. Modern 
re
idence with individual rooms; room, board and 
unIform laundry only $50/m, 40-hr. wk., nO split shift 
cumulative sick time, B statutory holidays and 2å 
day paid vacation after one year. Starting salary 
$430. Apply to: Matron, Margaret Cochenour Memo- 
rial Hospital, Cochenour, Ontario. 7-29-1 


Registered Nurses for General Duty and Operating 
Room, in modern 100-bed hospital, situated 40 miles 
from Ottowo. Excellent personnel policies. Residence 
occommodation avoilable. Apply to: Director of 
Nursi
g, Smiths Falls Public Hospital, Smiths Falls, 
Ontaroo. 7.120-2A 


Registered Nurses fer General Duty in lOO-bed hos- 
pitol, located 30-mi. from Ottawa, are urgently reo 
Quired. Good personnel policies, accommodation 
available in new stoff residence. Apply: Director of 
Nu
sing, District Memorial Hospital, Winchester, On- 
taroo. 7-144.1 


General Staff Nurses and Registered Nursing Assis- 
tants are required for a modern, well-equipped General 
Hospitol currently expanding fo 167 beds. Situated in 
a progressive community in South Western Ontario, 30 
miles from Windsor-Detroit Border. Salary scaled to 
experience and qualifications. Excellent employee 
benefits and working conditions plus an opportunity 
to work in a Patient Centered Nursing Service. Write 
for further information to: Miss Patricia McGee, B. 
Sc.N., Reg.N. Director of Nursing. Leamington District 
Memorial Hospital, Leamington, Ontario. 7-69-1 A 


OPERATING ROOM NURSES (2) lor a fully aC- 
credited 70.bed Generol Hospital. For Operating 
Room Duty. Salary according to experience. Apply to: 
O.R. Supervisor. Penetanguishene General Hospital, 
Penetanguilhene, Ontario. 7-99-2 


56 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


I I 


ONTARIO 


General Duty Nurses for 66-bed General Haspital. 
Start!ng salary: .$40
/m. Excellent personnel policies. 
Pension plan, life Insurance, etc., residence accom. 
modation. Only 10 min. from downtown Buffalo. 
Apply: Director of Nursing, Douglas Memorial Hos. 
pital, Fort Erie, Ontario. 7-45.t 


General Duty Nurses for active General 77-bed Hos. 
pitol in heart of Muskoka Lakes area: salary range 
$400 . $460 with consideration for previous experience; 
excellent personnel policies and fringe benefits:nurses. 
residen
e a
ail
ble. App.ly to: I?irector of Nursing, 
HuntsvIlle Dlstroct Memorial HospItal Huntsville On- 
tario. '1-59.1 


General Duty Nurses for JOO.bed modern hospital. 
Southwestern Ontario, 32 mi. from London. Salary 
commensurate with experience and ability. $39B/m 
basic salary. Pension plan. Apply giving' full par. 
tlculars to: The Director of Nurses, District Memorial 
Hospital, Tillsonburg, Ontario. 7-131-1 


General Duty NUllel, Certified Nursing Allistant. & 
Operating Room Technician (1) for new 50-bed hos. 
pital with modern equipment, 40-hr. wk., B statutory 
holidays, excellent personnel policies & opportunity 
for advoncement. Tourist town on Georgian Bay. 
Good bus connections to Toronto. Apply to: Director 
of Nurses, General Hospital, Meaford, Ontario. 7-79-1 


PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES for generalized program. 
Minimum salary $5,150 with allowance for previous 
experience and annual increments. Cumulative sick 
leave plan. Hospitalization, P.S.I. and Pension Plan 
available. Liberal transportation allowance and holi- 
days. Apply to: A.E. Thoms, M.D., Director, Leeds 
and Grenville Health Unit, 70 Charles Street, Brock. 
ville, Ontario. 7.18-4 


Public Health Nurses - General program, salary 
range $5,030 to $6,148 plus cost of living bonus, 
presently 3%. Starting salary related to experience. 
Generous car allowance, cumulative sick leave 
month vacation. Employer shared O.M.E.R.S. and 
Canada Pension Plan, medical and hospital insurance. 
Apply to: Dr. E.G. Brown, M.O.H., Kent County 
Health Unit, Chafham, Onfaria. 7-24-4 


Public Health Nurse - qualified. Salary schedule 
$5,280 to $6,780. Shared pension plan, hospitaliza- 
tion and P.S.I. Car provided or car allowance. 
Apply to:: Dr. Charlotte M. Horner, Director, North- 
umberland.Durham Health Unit, Box 337, Cobourg, 
Ontario. 7-28-4 


PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES (qualified) requirel for 
Health Unit situated on Lake Huron. Present staff 
to be increased in order to provide an increased 
geriatric service to the community. Salary $5,100. 
$6,300, with allowance for experience. One month 
vacation after one year; car allowance; cost of 
medical and hospital ization insurance shared by 
employer. Apply fo: Director and Medical Officer 
of Health, Huron County Health Unit, Goderich, 
Ontario. 7-51-2 


Public Health Nurses (Bilingual) for rural health unit. 
Minimum salary: $5,200 with annual increments. Al- 
lowance for experience. Car allowance, pension plan, 
hospitalisotion insurance, P.S.1. Apply to: Dr. R. G. 
Grenon, Director, Prescott and Russell Health Unit, 
P. O. Box 273, L'Orignal, Ontaria. 7-73.14 


PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES (QUALIFIED) Stoff 
positions available in the City of Oshowa. Duties to 
commence as loon as possible. Generalized program 
in an offjcial agency. Salary $5,658 to $6,507. 
Beginning salary according to experience. Liberal 
personnel policies and fringe benefits. Apply to: Mr. 
D. Murroy, Personnel Officer, City Hall, 50 Centre 
Street, Oshawa, Ontario. 7-92-2 A 


PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES for scenic urban and rural 
Ottawa Valley Tourrist Area. Good summer and 
health unit, close to the Capitol City in fhe Upper 
winter recreational facilities. Salary range $5,200- 
$6,100. Allowance for experience and/or degree. 
Usual fringe benefits. Direct enquiries to: Dr. R. V. 
Peters, Director, Renfrew Caunty Health Unit, 169 
William Street, Pembroke, Ontario. 7-98-2 A 


Public Health Nurses for expanding Health Unit, 
generalized program, in Weiland- County, duties to, 
CommenCe at mutual convenience. For personnel 
policcies, salaries and other information. Apply to: 
Director, Weiland and District Health Unit, King 
Street at Fourth, Weiland, Ontario. 7-141-2 A 


Nurses (2) required by girl's summer camp for 
period June 28 - August 24. Camp located on 
Eagle Lake, 40 miles north of Kingston, Ont. For 
further information contact: Mrs. C. Labben, 3 Pine 
Forest Road, Toronto 12, Onfario. 7-133-71 


nurses 


who want to 


nurse 


At York Central you can JOin 
an active, interested group of 
nurses who want the chance to 
nurse in its broadest sense. Our 
126-bed. fully accredited hospi- 
tal is young. and already talking 
expansion. Nursing is a profes- 
sion we respect and we were the 
first to plan and develop a unique 
nursing audit system; new mem- 
bers of our nursing staff do not 
necessarily start at the base salary 
of $372 per month but get added 
pay for previous years of work. 
There are opportunities for gain- 
ing wide experience, for getting 
to know patients as well as staff. 


Situated in Richmond Hill, all 
the cultural and entertainment fa- 
cilities of Metropolitan Toronto 
are available a few miles to the 
South. " and the winter and 
summer holiday and week-end 
pleasures of Ontario are easily 
accessible to the North. If you 
are really interested in nursing. 
you are needed and will be made 
welcome. 


Apply in person or by mail to the 
Director of Nursing. 


YORK 


CENTRAL 


HOSPITAL 


RICHMOND HILL. 
ONTARIO 
NEW STAFF RESIDENCE 


APRIL 1967 



ONTARIO 


Public Health Nurses for generalized programme in 
o Co
nty-City Heolth Unit. Solory schedule os of 
Jon
ory I, 1967, 55,100 to 56,100. 20 doys vocotion_ 
Employer shored pension pion, P.S.I. ond hospitol- 
izotion. Mileage allowance or unit corso Apply to: 
M"ss Veronica O'Leary, Supervisor of Public Health 
Nursing, Peterboro
gh County-City Heo"h Unit, P.O. 
80x 246, Peferborough, Ontorio. 7-101-4A 


PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE (Quolified) for generolized 
progromme. Solory Ronge 55,200 - 56,400 occording 
to experience. Salaries negotiated annually. Personnel 
Policies on request. Apply in writing to: Miss Beatrice 
Wholley, S
pervisor of P
blic Heolth Nursing, Woterloo 
Co
nty Heo"h Unit 109 Argyle St., S., Preston, Ontorio_ 
lO-t09-2 


Public Health Nursel for generol progromme. Solory 
ronge 55,100 to 56,300. Personnel policies include cor 
expense, Orners and Canada pension pions, group 
life insurance, 50 % of P.S.I. and hospital insurance, 
cumulative sick leave pion and liberal vacation. 
Apply to: Dr_ G.L. Anderson, Director, The Lombton 
HeoUh Unit, 333 George Street, Sornio, Ontorio. 
7-114-3 


QUEBEC 


NURSE for Children'l Summer Camp, locoted neor 
Sre. Agothe, Que., well equipped infirmary, private 
living quarters, excellent facilities. Apply to: Mr. R. 
Lozonik, Pine Volley Comp, 5465 Queen Mory Rood, 
suite 460, Montreol 29, Quebec. 9-47-67 


Regiltered Nurlel (2) needed for childrens cooed 
summer omp, June 23rd through August 20th - 
Laurentian region. doctor on staff - excellent 
focilities Write: Sy Bekoff: Y.M.-Y.W.H.A., 5500 
Westb
ry Ave., Montreol, Que. 9-47-55 


Regilt.,ed Nurl.. for 56-bed occredited Generol 
Hospital. Accommodation available in motel type 
residence complete with outdoor swimming pool. 
Solories os opproved by Q.H.I.S. Apply: Director of 
Nursing. The Barrie Memorial Hospital. Ormstown. 
Quebec. 9-52-1 


SASKATCHEWAN 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING for 48-bed hospitol com- 
pleted in 1963. Will be responlible for the odmin. 
Istration of all nursing activities as well os pharmacy 
and central suppl ies control. District located near a 
noted summer resort. Excellent salary and fringe 
benefits depending on quolifications and experience. 
Duties to commence on or before JuJy 3J. J967. 
Apply in writing or phone 667-2611 to: N.R. Wer- 
szok. Administrotor. Maple Creek Union Hospital. Ba)( 
1330, Mople Creek, Soskotchewon. to-78-1 


Director of Nurse. required for a 30
bed Generol 
Hospital with a medical stoff of three. Living-in 
occommodations avoilable in modern nurses. resi- 
dence. Sick leave. pension plan. personnel policies 
and other fringe benefits. Salary open to negotia- 
tio-:,. Enquiries should include experience. quolifi- 
cotlons, and salory expected and addressed to: The 
Administrotor. Unity Union Hospital. Unity. Sask. 
10-126-1 


Clinical Inltructors needed. Excellent personnel po. 
licies. active clinical facilities. 275 students. Two 
year educational program. For further information 
write to: Associate Director of Nursing Education. 
School of Nursing. Regina General Hospital. Regina. 
Saskotchewon. 10-109-6 


Regiltered Nurl.1 and Certified Nursing Alliltanh 
for 450-bed Generol Hospitol. Positions ovoiloble 
in all clinical and specialty areas. Saskatchewan 
Registered Nurses. Association recommended policies 
in effect. Recognition given for experience. Must be 
eligible for Saskatchewan registration and/or certifi. 
cotion. Apply to: Director of Nursing Service. Regina 
Grey Nuns. Ho.pital. 410J Dewdney Avenue, Regina, 
Soskotchewon. 10.109-7 


Registered NUl'les and Certified Nurling Allistantl 
for 750-bed hospitol, close to downton. Building ond 
expansion program in progress. SRNA recommended 
salaries in effect. Experience recognized. Progressive 
personnel policies. Apply: Nursing Recruitement Of- 
ficer. Regina General Hospital, Regina, Saskatchewan. 


General Duty and Operating Room Nursel, allo 
Certified Nurling ASlistants for 560-bed University 
Hospital. Salary commensurate with e)(perience and 
preporations. Excellent personnel policies. Excellent 
opportunities to engage in progressive nursing. Ap- 
ply: Director of Personnel, University Hospital. Sas. 
kotoon, SOlkotchewon. 10-116-4A 


APRIL 1967 


I I 


UNITED STATES 


Regiltered Nurl.. wonted for 78-bed Generol Hos- 
pitol. Storting solories ot 5525 per month with 
regulor increments and shift differential. Good per- 
sonnel policies. Social activities include skiing and 
booting. Must be eligible for Alaska registration. 
Apply to: The Director of Nursing Service, St. Ann', 
Hospitol, 419 - 6th Street, Juneou, Alosko 99801. 
15-2-3 


REGISTERED NURSES - CALIFORNIA Progressive hos- 
pita' in San Joaquin Valley has openings for R.N.'s. 
Located between San Francisco and Los Angeles n&ar 
mountoin, ocean and desert resorts. Paid vacation. 
paid sick leave. paid Blue Cross. disobility insurance, 
voluntary retirement plan. Salary range from $500 to 
5700 monthly. Write: Personnel Director, Mercy Hos- 
pitol, Bokersfield, Colifornio. 15-5-58A 


REGISTERED NURSES - Southern Colifornio - Op- 
portunities available - 368-bed modern hospital in 
Medical-Surgicol, Labor and Delivery, Nursey, Oper- 
ating Room and Intensive and Coronory Care Units. 
Good solory ond liberol fringe benefits. Continuing 
Inservice education program. Located 10 miles from 
Los Angeles near skiing. swimming, cultural and edu- 
cational facilities. Temporary living accommodotions. 
Apply: Director of Nursing Service, Soint Joseph 
Hospitol, Burbonk, Colifornio 91503. t5-5-63 


Registered Nurses. Career satisfaction. interest and 
professional growth unlimited in modern, JCAH oc- 
credited 243-bed hospitol. Locoted in one of Colifor- 
nia.s finest oreas, recreotional. educational and cul- 
tural advantages are yours as weJJ as wonderful 
year-round climate. If this combinotion is what 
you're looking for, contact us now!Stoff nurse en- 
trance solary above $500 per month; increases to 
$663 per month; supervisory positions at highest 
rotes. Speciol oreo ond shift differentiols to 550 per 
month poid. Excellent benefits include free heo"h 
and life Insurance retirement, credit union ond liberol 
personnel policies. Professional staff appointments 
availoble in 011 cllnicol oreas to those eligible for 
Californio licensure. Write today: Director of Nursing. 
Eden Hospitol. 20103 Loke Chobot Rood, Costro Vol- 
ley, Colifornio. 15-5-12 


Regilterod Nurl": The Los Angeles County Generol 
Hospital hos opportunities in all clinical areaS. We 
invite your enquiries about positions available in pre- 
mature nursery, neuro-surgery. pediotrics, operating 
room and recovery room, as well as general medical 
or surgical words. Several speciolty programs are 
planned for J967. Starting salory with one year's ex. 
perience in an accredited hospital is $59J per month, 
5624 offer six months. Addifionol poy for 0 degree. 
Evening bonus approximately $60 per month. Night 
bonus $50. Living quarters available on hospitol 
grounds for ot leost 90 doys_ We will help you with 
Californio Registration. For further informotion. 
write: Mrs. Dorothy Eosley, Box 1311 CN. Los Angeles 
County Generol Hospitol, 1200 North Stote Street, Los 
Angeles, Coljfornio 90033. 15-5-3 E 


REGISTERED NURSES Opportunities avoiloble ot 
415-bed hospito' in Medicol-Surgicol, Lobor ond 
Delivery, Intensive Core. Operating Room and Psy- 
chiatry. No rototion of shift. good salary, evening 
ond night differentiols, liberol fringe benefits. 
Temporory living accommodotions ovoilobJe. Apply: 
Miss Dolores Merrell, R.N., Personnel Director, Queen 
of Angels Hospitol, 2301 Bellevue Avenue, Los 
Angeles 26, Colifornio. 15-5-3G 


REGISTERED NURSES - SAN FRANCISCO Children's 
Hospitol ond Adult Medicol Center hospitol for men. 
women and children. California registrotion required. 
Opportunities in all clinical oreas. Excellent salaries, 
differentiols for evenings and nights. Holidays, vaco- 
tions. sick leave. life insurance, health insurance and 
employer. paid pension-plan. Appl ications ond details 
furnished on request. Contad Personnel Director, Chif- 
dren.s Hospital. 3700 California Street, San Francisco 
18, Colifornio. 15-5-4 


REGISTERED NURSES: Mount Zion Hospitol ond Me- 
dicol Center.s increased salary scales now double our 
ottraction for nurses who find they can afford to live 
by the Golden Gate. Expansion has created vacancies 
for stoff and specialty assignments. Address enquiry 
to: Personnel Department. 1600 Divisadero Street, San 
Francisco. California 94115. An equal opportunity em. 
ployer. 15-5-4 C 


REGISTERED NURSES - Generol Duty for 84.bed 
JCAH hospital 1 Y2 hours from San Francisco. 2 
hours from Loke Tohoe. Storting lolory 5510/m. 
with differentioll. Apply: Director of Nurlel, Mem- 
oriol HOlpitol, Woodlond, Colifornio. 15-5.49B 


I I 


UNITED STATES 


Registered Nurses - California. Expanding, accredit
 
ed 303-bed hospitol in medicol center of Southern 
California. University city. Mountain - ocean resort 
area. Ideal year-round climate. smog free. Starting 
solory 56,300. With experience, 56,600. Fringe bene- 
fits, shift differential. initial housing allowance. 
Wide variety rentals available. For details on Coli- 
fornia License and Visa. write: Director of Nursing, 
Cortoge Hospitol, 320 W. Pueblo Street, Sonto Bor. 
boro, Colifornio 93105. 15-5-39 A 


Staff Duty palitianl (Nurs..) in privote 403.bed 
hospitol. Liberol perlonnel policiel ond solory. S
b- 
stantiol differential for evening and night duty_ 
Write: Personnel Director, Hospitol of The Good 
Somoriton, 12 J 2 Sho"o Street, Los Angelel 17, 
Colifornio_ 15-5-31\ 


Prof.slionna. Nurses - for immediate openings in 
274.bed generol hospifol. Liberol fringe benefits_ 
Enjoy interesting, challenging position in the ideal 
climote of Sonto Monico Boy. Apply: Director of 
Nursing. Santa Monica Hospital. 1250. Sixteenth 
Street, Sonto Monica, Colifornio. 15.5-40 


Nurl.. for new 75.bed Generol Hospitol. Resort 
areo. Ideal climate. On beautiful Pacific ocean. 
Apply to: Director of Nurses, 50uth Coost Com- 
munity HOlpitol, South Loguno, Colifornio. 15-5-50 


Wanted - G.....al Duty Nurlel. Applicofionl now 
being taken for nursing positions in a new addi- 
tion to the existing hospital including surgery, cen- 
trol sterile ond supply, generol duty. Salory 5475 
per month plus fringe benefits. Contoct: Director of 
Nurses, Alamosa Community Hospital Alamosa, 
Colorodo. 15-6-1 


REGISTERED NURSES: for 75-bed oir conditioned 
hospitol, growing community. Storting lolory 5330- 
$365/m. fringe benefits, vocation, sick leave, holi- 
days, life insurance, hospitalization. J meal furnish- 
ed. Write: Administrotor, Hendry Generol Hospitol, 
Clewiston, Florido. 15-10-1 


NURSES, Regilt..ed, for modern 360-bed hospitol. 
Openings available in all areas. medicine-surgery. 
delivery room, nursery, and postpartum. Near Wayne 
State University, and an integral part of the new 
Medico' Center. Solory 5550 to $635 per month 
plus differential for ofternoon and night. Premium 
poy for weekends. Good fringe benefits including 
Blue Cross ond Life I nsuronCe. Apply: Personnel 
Diroctcr,. Hutzel Hospital formerly Woman's Hospital), 
432 Eost Honcock, Detroit, Michigon 48201. 15-23-1 F 


REGISTERED NURSES: Come to Lubbock, Texos, 
U.S.A. A city of over 60,000 populotion with on 
excellent University of 20,000 studentl ond 0 lorge 
Air Force Base. Positions open in a progressive 
generol hospitol of 400 beds, J.C.A.H. occredited. 
Positions open in intensive care unit, cardiac care 
unit, operating room. psychiotric and general medical 
ond lurgicol for 3-11 ond 11-7 Ihiffl. Storting 10Jory 
of 5550_00 per month for rototing shifts of 3-11 ond 
11-7 with 0 $15.00 roise in three monthl ond on 
onnuol increol. of 520.00 per month. Contoct Per. 
lonnel Deportment, Methodist Hospilol, 3615 19th 
Street, Lubbock, Toxol 79410. 15-44.8 


RED CROSS 
IS ALWAYS THERE 
WITH YOUR HELP 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 57 



THE ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH 


ANNOUNCES A VACANCY 
AT THE 


ONTARIO HOSPITAL. PORT ARTHUR 


FOR 


DIRECTOR OF NURSINC 
SALARY: $8,600 - $10,000 


DUTIES: Directly responsible to the medical Superintendent; administers the hospital's nursing programme. 
QUALIFICATIONS: Registration as a nurse in Ontario; possession of a Bachelor of Nursing degree, com- 
prehensive knowledge of nursing and of hospital policies and administration; several 
years of progressively responsible supervisory and administrative experience. 
BENEFITS: Sick leave credits, vacation credits, excellent pension, subsidized health and life insurance plans, 
annual salary increments. 



 


ONTARIO 
PROVINCE OF OPPORTUNITY 


Interested applicants should apply to: 
Director of Personnel and Organization, 
Room 5424, 
Whitney Block, Parliament Buildings, 
Toronto 5, Ontario. 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 
BRO C KVILLE 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Requires 


DIRECTOR OF SCHOOL 
OF NURSING 


TEACHERS 


For the recently approved two year curriculum with 
a third year of experience in nursing service. You 
will enjoy participating in the development of a 
progressive school which emphasizes planned learn- 
ing experiences for the students. Theory is taught 
concurrent with clinical experience. 
Qualifications: Bachelor of Science in Nursing 
or Diploma in Nursing Education 
or Diploma in Public Health Nursing 
Excellent salaries and personnel policies. 
You would enjoy living in the attractive "City of 
the Thousand Islands" two and one half hours from 
Expo 67. 


REQUIRED FOR 
DISTRICT SCHOOL OF NURSING 


Minimum Requirement - B. Sc. N., with five years 
experience, two of these in Nursing Education. 


Apply to: 


Mr. Harold Swanson, Chairman, 


For further information contact: 
The Director, School of Nursing 
BROCKVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Brockville, Ontario 


BOARD OF NURSING EDUCATION 


220 Clarke Street 


WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO 


58 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


APRIL 1967 



UNITED STATES 


Regist.red Nurses needed for rapidly expanding gen. 
eral hospital on the beautiful Peninsula near San 
francisco. Outstanding policies and benefits,. includ. 
ing temporary accommodations at low cost. paid 
hospital and major medical insurance, fully refund.. 
able retirement plan, libera' shift differentials, no 
rotation, exceptional in-service and orientation pro- 
grams, generous sick leave and vocation accrual. 
sick leave conversion to vacation, tuition reimburse
 
ment, ond poid life insuronce. Solory ronge: $598. 
sn7. Contoct: Personnel Administrator, Peninsula 
Hospitol, 1783 EI Comino Reol, Burlingome, Colifor. 
nio 94010. 15.5-20 C 


REGISTERED NURSES: Excellent opportunity for od. 
vancement in atmosphere of medical excellence. Pro.. 
gressive patient care including Intensive Core and 
Cordioc Core Units. Finely equipped growing 200. 
bed suburban community hospital iust on Chicogo.s 
beoutiful North Shore. Completely oir conditioned 
furnished apartments. paid vacation. after six months. 
stoff development progrom, ond liberol fringe bene- 
fits. Storting solory from $466. Differentiol of $30 
for nights or evenings. Contact: Donald L. Thomp. 
son. R. N., Director of Nursing, Highland Park Hos- 
pitol, Highlond Park, Illinois 60035. 15-14-3 A 


I I 


UNITED STATES 


Regist.red Nurses and C.rtified Nurting Astistants. 
Opening in several areas, all shifts. Every other week- 
end off, in small community hospital 2 miles from 
Boston. Rooms available. Hospital paid life insurance 
ond other liberol fringe benefits. RN solory $100 per 
week, plus differentiol of $20 for 3-11 p.m. ond 
11.7 o.m. shifts. CN. Ass'ts. $80 weekly plus $10 for 
3.11 p_m. ond 11-7 o.m. shifts. Write: Miss Byrne, 
Director of Nurses. Chelsea Memmorial Hospital. 
Chelseo. Mossochusetts 02150. 15-22-1 C 


WEST INDIES 


Registored Graduat. Nurse, who wish to gain valu 
able and intEresting experience in the semi tropical 
country of Haiti. Hopital Albert Schweitzer. Arti- 
bonite Volley near St_ More is 0 well-equipped 
modern hospital. 160 average daily census. medical. 
surgical. pediatric wards and daily clinics. Two 
year contract. $150 per month with transportation 
to and from point or origin. maintenance. medical 
core os provided ot hospitol. Compensotory doy off 
for any holiday worked; there are at least 17 na- 
tional and religious holidays in Haiti. The nurse is 
entitled to a vacation allowance at the rate of two 
doys for eoch full colendor month worked. Write: 
Miss Wolborg L. Peterson, P_O. Box 2213-B, Port.ou- 
Prince, Hoiti. 17-1-2 


" 


NIGHT NURSE? 
University Hospital is pleased to announce that starting pay for night 
nurses now ranges from $30.00 to $33.00 per shift ($7,830 to $8,613 
for an annual starting salary)-depending on education and experience. 
After 4 years service, night nurse salaries range up to $9,396.00 
per year. The base pay for permanent evening and rotating tours 
has also been increased plus excellent University Staff benefits are 
offered to all nurses. 
University Hospital has a Service Department which assigns trained 
personnel to handle paperwork and other non-nursing chores, 
relieving our nurses for patient care exclusively. 
Ann Arbor is nationally known as a Center of Culture with emphasis on 
art, music and drama-and recognized as an exciting and desirable 
community in which to live. 
Write to Mr. George A. Higgins, A6001, University Hospital, 
University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor. Michigan for 
more information, or phone collect (313) 764-2172. 
We are an Equal Opportunity Employer 


UNIVERSITY OF 
MEDICAL CENTER, 


MICHIGAN 
ANN ARBOR 


APRIL 1967 


ONTARIO SOCIETY 


FOR 


CRIPPLED CHILDREN 


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Invites applications from Public 
Health Nurses who have at least 
2 years experience in general- 
ized public health nursing, pre- 
ferably in Ontario. 


INTERESTING AND VARIED 
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 
IN AN EXPANDING PROGRAM 
INCLUDE: 


. an opportunity to work direct- 
ly with children, their parents, 
health and welfare agencies, 
and professional groups 


. participation in arranging 
diagnostic and consultant cli- 
nics 


. assessing the needs of the 
individually handicapped child 
in relation to services provided 
by Easter Seal Clubs and the 
Society. 


Attractive salary schedule with 
excellent benefits. Car provided. 
Pre-service preparation with sa- 
lary. 


Apply in writing to: 


Director, Nursing Service, 
350 Rumsey Road, 
Toronto 17, Ontario 


THE CANADIAN NURSE S9 



diploma or degree nurse 



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Go South to Syracuse and See! 


You II hnd friends af State UnIversity 
Hosplt;,1 of the Upstate Medical Center 
at Syracuse. a modern 350-bed teaching 
hospital in the Canadians favorite U.S. 
city 
You II also find a helpful administration. 
professional level salaries (up to $6 476 
fo start, depending on your Qualifying 
education and experience). 


Fine benefits. too Eleven paId holIdays. 
13to 20 paid vacation days. sound three- 
way health insurance plan and special 
collegiate educatIon programs 
Above all, you'll find patient-centered 
educational atmosphere in which you II 
best have the opportunity to be the kind 
of nurse you want to be. and receive the 
rewards you deserve. 


STATE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF THE UPSTATE MEDICAL CENTER AT SYRACUSE, N. Y. 


.
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CN-4 (date) (time) . 
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MIss Adele WnRht, R.N. 
. Director of Nursing $er\/.ces Name . 
State University Hospital of the Ad dr ess 
Upstate Medical Center at 
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THE HOSPITAL 


FOR 


SICK CHILDREN 


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OFFERS: 


I. Satisfying experience. 


2. Stimulating and friendly en- 
vironment. 


3. Orientation and In-Service 
Education Program. 


4. Sound Personnel Policies 


5. liberal vacation. 


APPLICATIONS FOR REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS INVITED. 


For detailed information 
please write to: 


The Assistant Director 
of Nursing 
AUXILIARY STAFF 


555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Ontario, Canado 


APRIL 1967 


HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 


HOSPITAL - 
Newly expanded 350-bed hospital. Progressive patient care con- 
cept. 
SALARY - 
General Staff Nurses (Currently Registered in Ontario) $400.00 
$480. - 5-increments. 
Registered Nursing Assistants (Currently Registered in Ontario) 
$295.00 - $331.00, - 3 increments. 


HOUSING - 
Furnished apartments available at subsidized rates. 


JOB SATISFACTION - 
High quality patient care and friendly working environment. We 
appreciate our personnel and encourage their professional develop- 
ment. 


You are invited to enquire concerning employment opportunities to: 
Director of Nursing 


HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 


200 Church Street, Weston, Ontario 
Telephone 249-8111 (Toronto) 


CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL 


requires immediately 


REGISTERED GENERAL DUTY NURSES 


This is a modern 1,000-bed hospital including a new 
200-bed convalescent-rehabilitation section. Benefits 
include Pension Plan, sick leave, and shift differen- 
tial plus a liberal vacation policy and salary range 
$380 - $450 per month commensurate with training 
and experience. 


Apply to: 


Director of Nursing Service 


CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Calgary, Alberta 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 61 



THE ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH 


HAS 
TEACHINC OPPORTUNITIES 
AT THE 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 
ONTARIO HOSPITAL. KINGSTON 


Teaching positions available in medical-surgical nursing, paediatric nursing and psychiatric nursing. the 
educational program of the School of Nursing is stimulating; creativity is encouraged. 


QUALIFICATIONS AND SALARY: 


Registration as a nurse in Ontario, with - 
a) diploma in teaching and supervision, or, completion of at least a one 
year university course which includes the principles of teaching. 
SALARY: $5,750 to $6,600. 
or, preferably 
b) B.Sc.N. degree, 
SALARY: $6,150 to $7,000 


BENEFITS: Sick leave credits, vacation credits, excellent pension fund 
and subsidized health and insurance plan. 
For further information, apply to: 
Director of Personnel and Organization, 
Room 5424r Whitney Block, 
Parliament Buildings r Toronto r Ontario. 


@ 


ONTARIO 
PROVINCE OF OPPORTUNITY 


A valuable 
contribution to the 
Health professions 
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF THE 
SICKBED 


Bv 1. H. VAN DEN BERG, M.D., PH.D. 
An approach to the meaning of illness 
for physicians, nurses and visitors. 
o The author gives us a path to the 
sickbed - a method of approach- 
keeping in mind at all times the frus- 
trations of the patient. This book will 
force everyone to reconsider his ap- 
proach to the sickbed. 
o The a'lthor has studied in Switzer- 
land, the Sorbonne and the Univer- 

ity of Utrecht. He is Director of the 
Instituut voor Conflictpsychologie in 
Leiden and the author of The Chang- 
ing Nature of Man and The Pheno- 
merlOlogical Approach to Psychiatry. 
o The Psychology of the Sickbed has 
been published in Dutch, Norwegian, 
Swedish, Finnish and Danish editions 
and has been used throughout the 
world as a basic textbook in nursing 

chools. 
handsome cloth edition-$2.95 


Ask for our 1967 catalog 
DUQUESNE UNIVERSITY PRESS 
Pittsburg, Pa. 15219 


62 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


DIRECTOR 
Of NURSING SERVICE 


The Belleville General Hospital 
requires a Director of Nursing 
Service to be responsible for the 
administration of all nursing ser- 
vice activities. 


The hospital presently has a ca- 
pacity of 300 beds and will in- 
crease to a total of 450 beds in 
about one year, upon completion 
of a construction programme. 
The design incorporates a central 
Supply Process Dispatch system. 
Applicants should have a degree 
in nursing service administration 
as well as considerable expe- 
rience in a similar position. 


Applications and enquiries 
should be addressed to: 
Administrator 


BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Belleville, Ontario. 


DIRECTORS 
AND 
ASSISTANT 
DIRECTORS 


tJ 

 


WORKSHOPS ON 
PROBLEM-SOLVING 


learn and practice problem- 
solving skills applied to 
Hospital Nursing Service 


Have you registered? 


Halifax April 11-14, 1967 
Vancouver May 2-5, 1967 
It's later than you think! 


Write to: 


CANADIAN 
NURSES' ASSOCIATION 
50 The Driveway, 
Ottawa 4, Ontario. 


APRIL 1967 




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THE WINNIPEG GENERAL HOSPITAL 


ia Recruiting General Duty Nurses for all Services 


SEND APPLICATIONS DIRECTlY TO 


THE PERSONNEL DIRECTOR, 
WINNIPEG GENERAL HOSPITAL 


WINNIPEG 3, MANITOBA 


DIRECTOR, SCHOOL OF NURSINC 


Applications are invited 
lor the 


POSITION OF DIRECTOR. 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 


The Director will have complete charge of two-plus-one 
diploma program with 360 students, adequate faculty, 
new ultra-modern facility associated with 1000-bed 
teaching hospital. Master's degree preferred. Considera- 
tion will be given to candidate with Bachelor of Science 
in Nursing Education degree and good leadership poten- 
tial. Appointment will be made by July 1, 1967. 


For lurther information, write to: 


Chairman, Nursing Advisory Committee 
c/o Nursing Office, 
VICTORIA HOSPITAL 
London, Ontario. 


APRIL 1%7 


THE HOSPIT At 


FOR 


SICK CHILDREN 



 


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YOU 


Receive the advantages of: 


1. Five-week orientation pro- 
gram for new staff. 


2. Ongoing in-service education 
for nurses. 


3. Extensive student education 
program. 


4. Research Institute. 


APPLICATION fOR GENERAL 
DUTY POSITIONS INVITED 


For information contact: 


THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Canada 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 63 



DEPARTMENT 


CANADA'S INDIANS 
NEED YOUR 


AND ESKIMOS 
HELP 


PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES 
REGISTERED HOSPITAL NURSES 
CERTIFIED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


o F 


HAVE YOU CONSIDERED 
A CAREER 
WITH 
MEDICAL SERVICES 
NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE 


for further information. write to: 
MEDICAL SERVICES DIRECTORATE 
DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE 
OTTAWA, CANADA 


CONSULTING 
OCCUPA nONAl 
HEALTH NURSE 


required by 
PROVINCE OF SASKATCHEWAN 
Department of Public Health 
Regina, Saskatchewan 


SALARY: Up to $610 per month depending 
on qualificafions. 


REQUIREMENTS: Must have post-graduate 
qualifications in Occupofionol Health or 
Public Health Nursing and cansideroble 
Indusfriol Nursing experience. Teaching 
ability essenfial. 


APPLICATIONS: When requesfing applico- 
tion forms please sfote educofion, experi- 
ence, current solary, and salary expected. 
Please quate file no. c/c 9937. 


Contact: 
Director, Occupational Health 
DEPARTMENT OF 
PUBLIC HEALTH 


Provincial Health Building 
Regina, Saskatchewan 


64 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


HEAD NURSES 


INSTRUCTORS 


required 
Applications are invited for the 
positions of Head Nurse (Peadia- 
tric Ward) and Head Nurse (Me- 
dical Ward) in this modern 259- 
bed hospital located in the beau- 
tiful Niagara Peninsula. 
Applicants with Post Basic edu- 
cation are preferred but others 
with experience are urged to 
apply. 
Residence accommodation in 
private rooms available. Salary 
wil/ depend on qualifications 
and experience. Personnel pol- 
icies, fringe benefits, etc. ex- 
cel/ent. 


IN 


OBSTETRICAL NURSING 
MEDICAL-SURGICAL 
NURSING 


Duties to include clossraom teaching and 
clinical insfruclion. Assisfing in the deve. 
lopment of 0 new curriculum and Re- 
gionol Schoal. 


B.Sc.N. ar diploma in Nursing. Educofian 
required. Excellent salary range and 
fringe benefits. 


Please apply to: 
Miss l. M. R. Lambe 
Director of Nursing 
WELLAND COUNTY 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


. 
Apply;. 


Personnel Director 


BELLEVILLE GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 


Weiland, Ontario 


Belleville, Ontario 


APRil 1%7 



CORNWALL REGIONAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 


invites applications from 


TEACHERS OF NURSING 


Here is an opportunity to participate in the develop- 
ment of a progressive program which emphasizes 
educational experience for Students. The program will 
consist of a two year course, followed by one year 
of nursing internship. 
The new School is independently incorporated and 
will be located in its own new educational and res- 
idential building. The first class of Studenfs will be 
admitted in September, 1967. 
You would enjoy living in the friendly, thriving Sea- 
way City that has excellent holiday swimming and 
camping facilities and which is within one hour's 
distance of Ottawa and Montreal. 
Applicants should be registered, or eligible for regis- 
tration in Ontario and have advanced preparation in 
teaching and/or nursing. Copies of Personnel Poli- 
cies will be forwarded on request. 
For further information, write to: 
THE DIRECTOR 
Cornwall Regional School of Nursing 
Box No. 939, Cornwall, Ontario 


REGISTERED NURSES 


Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois is a 
new 587-bed General Hospital, located in a pleasant 
suburb of Chicago. 
The hospital is modern with a wide range of services 
to patients, including Hyperbaric Oxygen Unit. Low- 
cost modern housing next to the hospital is available. 
The hospital is completely air-conditioned. 
Annual beginning salary is from $6,000 plus shift 
differential pay. Regular salary increments at six 
months of service and yearly thereafter. Sick leave 
and other fringe benefits are also available. 


Write or call collect: 


Director of Nursing Services 


LUTHERAN GENERAL HOSPITAL 
PARK RIDGE, ILLINOIS 60068 
Telephone: 692-2210 Ext. 211 
Area Code: 312 


APRIL 1967 



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Applications are invited from 
REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


For full time, 40 hour week, Rotation Duty. 
One Weekend off Duty every three weeks. 
Vacancies in Medical, Surgical, Obstetric, 
Paediatric, Operating Room, Intensive Care 
and Emergency Unit. Active Inservice and 
Orientation programs as well as excellenf 
personnel policies and fringe benefits. 


Director of Nursing 


TORONTO EAST GENERAL 
AND ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL 


Toronto 6, Ontario 


UNIVERSITY OF 
ALBERTA HOSPITAL 


invites applications for the position of 


DIRECTOR Of NURSING SERVICE 


The position involves administration of the patient 
care services of a 1200 bed teaching hospital with 
a rapidly expanding medical centre located on the 
campus of the University of Alberta. Applicants with 
experience in nursing service or education holding a 
Baccalaureate Degree and/or a Master's Degree 
preferred. Salary based on qualifications. Excellent 
personnel policies with wide range of fringe benefits. 


Direct enquiries or applications to: 
Miss M. G. Purcell, Director of Nursing 
UNIVERSITY OF 
ALBERTA HOSPITAL 
Edmonton, Alberta 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 65 



THE HAMILTON AND DISTRICT SCHOOL OF NURSING 
SPONSORED BY 


THE HAMILTON HEALTH ASSOCIATION 


INVITES APPLICATIONS FOR THE POSITION OF 


INSTRUCTOR 


QUALIFICATIONS - A University degree and graduate experience in one or more fields of nursing. 
Eligibility for Nurse Registration in Ontario. 
The fourth group of students will be enrolled in September 1967. Additional teachers will be required 
since the maximum enrolment is expected to be reached this year. 


THE SCHOOL PROGRAM 
CONTROL - The entire curriculum which covers 2 calendar years is planned and controlled by the school 
Clinical experience, practice and observation is provided in: 
1) The H. H. A. complex of hospitals. 
2) The Joseph Brant Memorial Hospital, Burlington. 
3) The Oakville T rafalgar Hospital, Oakville. 
4) The Ontario Hospital, Hamilton. 
5) Community agencies in the area. 


FOR FURTHER INFORMATION WRITE TO: 
The Director, 
HAMILTON AND DISTRICT SCHOOL OF NURSINC, 
Box 590, Hamilton r Ontario 


OSHAWA 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES FOR 
ALL DEPARTMENTS 


Starting salary for Ontario Regis- 
tered nurses $400 with 5 annual 
increments to $480 per month. 
Credit for acceptable previous 
service - one increase for two 
years, two increases for four or 
more years. 
Non-registered - $360.00 
Rotating periods of duty - 3 
weeks vacation - 8 statutory 
holidays. 
One day's sick credit per month 
beginning in the 7th month of 
service cumulative to 45 days. 
Pension Plan and Group Life 
Insurance - Hospital pays 50% 
of Medical, Blue Cross and Hos- 
pital Insurance premiums. 
Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
OSHAWA GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Oshawa, Ontario 


66 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


DIRECTOR 
REGIONAL SCHOOL 


OF 


OF NURSING 


"KIRKLAND LAKE" 


Applications are invited for the 
position of Director of a new 
Regional School of Nursing to be 
established in Kirkland Lake with 
an annual enrollment of 30 
students encompassing five area 
hospitals. An excellent opportu- 
nity to develop a program from 
the erection of the building to 
operating the school. 
Please direct enquiries to: 
The Secretary of the Steering 
Committee: 
R. J. Cameron, Administrator, 


KIRKLAND AND DISTRICT 
HOSPITAL 


Kirkland Lake, Ontario. 


RIVERSIDE 
HOSPIT At 
OF OTTAWA 


A new, air-conditioned 340-bed 
hospital. Applications are called 
for Nurses for the positions of: 


GENERAL STAFF NURSES 


and 


REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


Address all enquiries to: 
Director of Nursing 


RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL OF OTTAWA 


1967 Riverside Drive, 
Ottawa, Ontario 


APRIL 1967 



.. 'Æ.. "'..( ""', 


Are required to fill vacancies in a modern, centrally 
located Hospital. Tours of duty are 7:30 - 4:00, 3:30- 
12:00 and 11 :30 - 8:00. 
Salary range for Registered Nurses is $382.50 to 
$447.50 per month and for Graduate Nurses is 
$352.50 to $417.50 per month. We offer a full 
range of employee benefits and excellent working 
conditions. 
Day Care facilities for pre-school children from 3 
months to .5 years in age. 


Apply in person, or by letter to : 
Personnel Manager, 
THE RIVERDALE HOSPITAL 
St. Matthews Road, 
Toronto 8, Ontario. 


SAINT JOHN 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 
Saint John, N.B. 
Invites applications for the 
position of 
ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR OF 
NURSING EDUCATION 
The School of Nursing comprises 
200 students and is associated 
with a teaching hospital of 600 
beds. The Associate Direcfor of 
Nursing Education is immediately 
responsible to the Director of 
Nursing.A baccalaureate degree 
in Nursing Educafion is required. 
Preference will be given to the 
applicant with proven executive 
and educational ability in an ap- 
proved school of nursing. 
For further information, 
or application, write to: 
The Director of Nursing 
SAINT JOHN 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Saint John, N.B. 


APRIL 1967 


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YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL 


NEWMARKET, ONtAiIO 


HOSPITAL: 
A newly exponded 257 bed hospital with such progressive 
patient core concepts as 0 12-bed ..C.U., 22-bed psychiatric 
and 24-bed self care unif. 
IDEAL LOCATION: 
45 minutes from downfown Toronto, 15-30 minUfes from 
excellent summer ond winfer resort areas. 
SALARIES: 
Registered Nurses: $372.$447 per month. 
Registered Nursing Assistants: $277-$310 per month. 
BENEFITS INCLUDE: 
Furnished apartments. medical and hospital insurance, group 
life insurance, pension pion, 40 hour week. 


Please address 0/1 enquiries to: 
Director of Nursing 
YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL 
596 Davis Drive 
Newmarket, Ontario 


REGISTERED 
GENERAL DUTY 
NURSES 


required 


For 35-bed modern hospital in 
northern Quebec. Residence ac- 
commodation available. Bilin- 
gual with few years' experience 
preferred. Nurses on staff must 
be willing to take responsibility 
in all departments of nursing. 
Excellent salary and fringe bene- 
fits. OUfstanding recreational 
facilities. 
For further information, 
apply to: 
Medical Director 


SCHEFFERVILLE HOSPITAL 
Schefferville, Quebec 


why not 
Cleveland 


Here in Cleveland at Mt. Sinai 
Hospital, nurses find complete 
job satisfaction and opportuni- 
ties for advancement. Begin- 
ning salaries of $500 a month, 
attractive working conditions. 
and provisions for educational 
assistance are three other rea- 
sons why you should consider 
this city and Mt. Sinai Hospi- 
tal. For more information, write 
Nurse Recruiter, Dept. ee. 
[!JIll' THE MT. SINAI HOSPITAL 
: I OF CLEVELAND 
UnIverSIty C"cle. Cleveland. OhIO 44106 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 67 



I II 
OPPORTUNITY FOR 


GROWTH 
CHANGE 
SPECIALIZA TION 



 


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TORONTO GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Large centrally located University Teaching Hospital 


. CONTINUE YOUR PROFESSIONAL GROWTH 
Planned oricnlalion progromme 
(onflnu'f"Ig m-service programmes 
Opparlunilles of a research and Icaching haSpllal 


. BROADEN EXPERIENCE 
Positions avoiloble: 
General medicine - Obstetrics - Operating Raam 
General Surgery - Gynaecalagy - Recavery Raam 
Specialty units and inlensive core - Cardiavascular 
Respiralary - Neurasurgery 


. ENJOY ADVANTAGES OF LIBERAL PERSONNEL POLICIES 
Excellenl patienl core facdilies 
Solories scaled 10 qualificallons and expc"e"ce 
3 weeks vacallan, Slalulary holIdays. cumulalive SICk leavc 
Life Insurance, hospitalization, retirement programme 
Uniforms laundered free 


For additional information, write: 


Director of Nursing 
TORONTO GENERAL HOSPITAL 
101 College Street, Toronto 2, Ontario 
I I' 


THE MACK SCHOOL 


OF NURSING 


THE PLACE TO 
CENTENNIAL 


BE IN 
YEAR! 


OTTAWA CIVIC HOSPITAL 
Ottawa, Ontario 


Applications are invited from teachers interested in 
developing a progressive educational programme in 
this new Regional School, located in the Niagara 
Peninsula. Applicants with baccalaureate degree 
preferred. Diploma in nursing education and working 
toward a degree accepted. 
Good personnel policies. 


Enjoy life in green and pleasant Ottowa. Doily 
train and bus service to Expo '67! Challenging 
work in a modern teaching Hospital of 1087 
beds, where adminisfration is progressive and 
stoff porficipafion encouraged. 'n-service Educa- 
tion program well esfablished. Excellent salaries, 
personnel policies and fringe benefits to: 


Apply to: 


The Principal, 
THE MACK SCHOOL OF NURSING. 


Queenston Street, 
St. Catharines, Ontario 


REGISTERED NURSES 


for all services including Operating Room and 
Psychiatry. 


Apply in writing to: 


Miss B. JEAN MILLIGAN, Reg.N., M.A. 
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR. 


68 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


APRIL 1967 



PALO ALTO-STANFORD 
HOSPITAL CENTER 


Located on the beautiful campus of Stanford University in Palo Alto California. 


. 


.. 


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-- 


"We invite you to join our professional staff and to gain unparalled experiences in 
nursing." 


For additional information- 
NAME: 
ADDRESS: 
CITY: 
SERVICE DESIRED: 
Return to: PALO ALTO-STANFORD HOSPITAL CENTER 
Personnel Department 
300 Pasteur Drive 
Palo Alto, California 


STATE: 


ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING 


VICTORIA HOSPITAL 


lONDON, ONTARIO 


Applications are invited for the 
above position in a fully ac- 
credited 163-bed General Hos- 
pital in beautiful Northern On- 
tario. 


Modern l,OOO-bed hospital 
Requires 
Registered Nurses for 
all services 
and 


Desirable qualifications should 
include B.S.N. Degree with ex- 
perience in supervision. 


Registered 
Nursing Assistants 


For further information 
Write to: 


40 hour week - Pension plan 
- Good salaries and Personnel 
Policies. 


Director of Nursing 


Apply: 


Director of Nursing 


KIRKLAND and DISTRICT HOSPITAL 


VICTORIA HOSPITAL 


Kirkland Lake Ontario. 


London, Onto 


APRIL 1967 


ST. JOSEPH'S 
HOSPIT AL 
HAMIL TON. 
ONT ARlO 


A modern, progressive hospital, 
located in the centre of Ontario's 
Golden Horseshoe- 
invites applications for 
GENERAL STAFF 
NURSES 


and 
REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 


Immediate openings are avail- 
able in Operating Room, Psy- 
chiatry, Intensive Care - Coro- 
nary Monitor Unit, Obstetrics, 
Medical, Surgical and Paediatrics. 
For further information write to: 
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 


Hamilton, Ontario 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 69 




'I 


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THE SCARBOROUGH 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Invites applications from General Duty NUrses. 
Excellent personnel policies. An active and stimulat- 
ing In-Service Education and Orientation Programme. 
A modern Management Training Programme to as- 
sist the career-minded nurse to assume managerial 
positions. Salary is commensurate with experience 
and ability. We encourage you to take advantage 
of the opportunities offered in this new and expand- 
ing hospital. 


For further information write to: 
Director of Nursing 
SCARBOROUGH GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Scarborough, Ontario 


VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPIT AL 


HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA 


Invites applications from Registered Nurses 
for all services including operating room, 
recovery room, intensive care and emergency 
in completely new wing. 


Salary range for General Staff positions 
$360.00 - $420.00 per month 
and other liberal benefits. 


Direct enquiries to: 


Director of Nursing, 


VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPITAL 


3383 


Halifax r Nova Scotia 


70 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


m 


PROVINCE OF SASKATCHEWAN 
DEPARTMENT Of EDUCATION 


INVITES APPLICATIONS FOR 
THE FOLLOWING POSITIONS: 


I 
DIRECTOR 


School of Nursing, Saskatchewan Institute of Applied 
Arts and Sciences, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. 
Unique opportunity for challenge and creativity in 
the implementation of a new two-year school-based 
program of Nursing Education. Qualifications re- 
quired: Registered Nurse holding Master's Degree or 
equivalent with experience in administration of 
schools of nursing. 
Salary Range - $777. to $991. per month. 


I 
ASSISTANT TO THE DIRECTOR 


School of Nursing. 
Registered Nurse, preferably holding Moster's Degree 
or equivalent and some experience in administration. 
Salary Range - $705. to $899. per month. 


I 
NURSING AND SCIENCES INSTRUCTORS 


School of Nursing. 
Positions available in Physical and Biological Scien- 
ces, Behavioral Sciences and Nursing (Teaching and 
Clinical Supervision). 
Preference given to Registered Nurses holding Mas- 
ter's or Baccalaureate degrees and having teaching 
experience. 
Salary Range - $528. to $777. per month depend- 
ing on qualifications and experience. 


All positions carry superannuation, in&urance and 
other benefits of Public Service. 


For further information and application forms, 
write to: 
Superintendent of Nursing Education 
Department of Education 
AVORD TOWERS BUILDING 


Han. G.J. Trapp, 
Minis.er. 


Regina, Saskatchewan 


L.H. Bergstrom, 
Deputy Minis.er. 


APRIL 1967 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES 
and 
NURSING ASSIST ANTS 


Wonted for aCfive General Hospital (125 
beds) situated in St. Anthony, Newfound- 
land, a town of 2.400 and headquarfers 
of the I nfernafional Grenfell Associafion 
which provides medical core for northern 
Newfoundland and the coost of Labrador. 
Salaries in accordance wifh ARNN. 


For further information 
please w rife: 
Miss Dorothy A. Plant 
INTERNATIONAL GRENFEll ASSOCIATION 
Room 701A, 88 Metcalfe Street, 
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO 


222 BED GENERAL HOSPITAL 


requires 


STAff NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


Cornwall is noted for its summer and 
winfer sporf areos, and is on hour and a 
half from both Montreal and Ollawa. 
Progressive personnel policies include 4 
weeks vocation. Experience and posf-basic 
certificafes are recognized. 


Apply to: 
Ass't. Director of Nursing 
(service) 
CORNWALL GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Cornwall, Ontario 


ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
Of NURSING SERVICE 


Applications are invited for the posifion 
of Assistant Director of Nursing Service 
for a 291-bed fully accredited General 
Hospital. 
Preference will be given fo applicants 
wifh preparation and experience in nurs- 
ing service administration. 


Apply fa: 
Director of Nursing Service 
THE GENERAL HOSPITAL 
OF PORT ARTHUR 
Port Arthur, Ontario 


APRil 1967- 


REGISTERED NURSES 


required for 
52-bed hospifal. Sifuafed in the Niagara 
Peninsula. Transpartation assistance. 


For salary rafes and personnel policies 


apply fa: 
Director of Nursing 
HALDIMAND WAR MEMORIAL 
HOSPITAL 


Dunnville, Ontario 


CATHERINE BOOTH HOSPITAL 


Requires 
REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


for new SO-bed hospital in west-end 
Manfreal. 
Openings in: Obsfetrics 
Gynaecology 
General Surgery 
Planned orientation and active Inservice 
program. Salaries in accordance with 
ANPQ. 


Appty fa: 
Director of Nuning 
CATHERINE BOOTH HOSPITAL 
4375 Montclair Ave., 
Montreal 28, Que. 


PETERBOROUGH CIVIC HOSPITAL 


School of Nursing requires 


INSTRUCTRESS (Nursing Arts) 
INSTRUCTRESS (Medical-Surgical Area) 


New self-contained educafion building for 
school of nursing now open. 
Trent University ;5 sifuafed in Peferborough 


For further information write to: 


Director of Nursing 
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC 
HOSPITAL 
Peterborough, Ontario 


SCHOOL Of NURSING 
WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Requires the following Faculty 
0) Psychiafric Teacher (One). 
b) Medical and Surgical Teachers (Two) 
Minimum requirement - B. Sc. N. 
The above addifional stoff is required 
for New Program. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing Education 
WOODSTOCK GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 
Woodstock, Ontario 


SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 


COOKSVILlE, ONTARIO 


A new 45o-bed General Hospital, located 
12 miles from the Cify of Toronto. has 
openings for: 


(I) GENERAL STAFF NURSES in all de. 
partments; 


(2) Registered Nursing Assistants in all 
departments. 


for information or applicatIon, wflte to' 


Director of Nursing 
SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 
Cooksville, Ontario 


SCHOOL Of NURSING 
PUBLIC GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Chatham, Ontario 
requires 


INSTRUCTORS 


Student Body of 130 
Modern self-contained educafion building 
University Preparation required with 
salary differential for Degree. 


For further information, 
apply fa: 
Director, Nursing Education 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 71 



ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH 


announces vacancies 
IN 


NURSING EDUCATION 


The Ontario Department of Health has positions available for nursing instructresses and supervisors at 
the following Ontario mental hospitals. 
LAKESHORE - NEW TORONTO, LONDON, OWEN SOUND, PORT ARTHUR, ST. THOMAS, TORONTO, WHITBY 
SALARIES from $5,750 to $7,800 (Without B.Se.N. degree) 
$6,150 to $8,200 (With B.Se.N. degree) 


NOTE: Salaries above the minimum will be considered for appropriate experience. 


QUALIFICATIONS : 
Registration as a nurse in Ontario and a post-graduate certificate in Nursing Education from a recognized 
University, or completion of at least a one-year course at University level which includes the principles of 
teaching, or the B.Se.N. degree. 
BENEFITS: Sick leave credits, vacation credits, excellent pension fund and subsidized health and 
insurance plan. 


@ 


ONTARIO 
PROVINCE OF OPPORTUNITY 


Interested applicants should apply to: 
Director, Personnel and Organization, 
Whitney Block, Roqm 5424, 
Parliament Buildings r Toronto, Ontario. 


ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 


TORONTO, ONTARIO 


REGISTERED NURSES 
and 
REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 


lOo-bed fully accredited hospital provides 
experience in Operafing Room, Recovery 
Room, Intensive Core Unit. Pediatrics 
Orthopedics. Psychiafry. General Surgery 
and Medicine. 
Orienfafion and Acfive Inservice program 
for all stoff. 
Salary is commensurafe with preparation 
and experience. 
Benefits include Canada Pension Plan, 
Hospital Pension Plan, Group life Insu- 
rance. Afte, 3 months. cumulafive sick 
leave - Ontario Hospital Insurance - 
50% payment by hospifal. 
Ratafing Periods of duty - 40 hour week, 
8 sfatufary holidays - annual vocation 
3 weeks offer one year. 


Apply: 


Assistant Directo, of 
Nursing Service 


ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 


30 The Queen.way 
Toronto 3, Ontario 


72 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


GUELPH 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


ACTlVE-200 BED
FULL Y 
ACCREDITED 


requires 


GENERAL STAff NURSES 
REGlmRID 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 


Pleasant City of 48,500, one 
hour from Toronto Via 401. 
Good personnel policies. 


For further details apply to: 
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Guelph, Ontario 


OPERATING ROOM 
SUPERVISOR 


Required for 270-bed General 
Hospital with construction of a 
new hospital due to completion 
in 1967, increasing the bed ca- 
pacity to 450. Included in the 
new hospital will be the most 
modern operating room complex 
based on the Friesen Concept of 
material and equipment supply. 
Excellent fringe benefits with 
generous sick leave, four weeks 
vacation and contributory pen- 
sion plan. 


For further information write: 
Director of Nuning Service 
BELLEVIUE GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Belleville, Ontario. 


APRIL 1967 



WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Requires 


GENERAL STAFF NURSES 


ALL DEPARTMENTS 


and 


O.R. TECHNICIANS 


Apply: 
Director of Nursing 
WOODSTOCK 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Woodstock, Ontario 


McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL 


requires 
Regisfered Nurses for general Staff. The 
haspifal is friendly and progressive. 
It is now in the beginning stages of a 
$3,500,000 program of expansion and 
renovation. 


- Openings in all services. 
- Praximify to Lakehead 
ensures apporfunity for 
education. 


UniversifY 
furthering 


For full particulars write to: 
Acting Director 
of Nursing Service 
McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL, 
Fort William, Ontario. 


ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
Hamilton r Ontario 


requires 


CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS in all Nuning 
areas. Well-equipped, modern School of 
Nursing. Stu:lent enrolment over 300. 
Modern, progressive, BOO-bed Hospital. 
Salary commensurate with preparation 
and experience. 


For further details, apply: 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


APRil 1967 


PORT COLBORNE 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


PORT COLBORNE, ONTARIO 


STAFF NURSES 


required 


for 166-bed hospifål wifhin easy driving 
disfance of American and Canadian me- 
tropolitan centres. Consideration given for 
previous experience obfained in Canada. 
Completely furnished aparfment-sfyle resi- 
dence, including balcony and swimming 
pool facing lake, adjacenf fo hospifal. 


Apply: 
Director of Nursing 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Port Colborne,Onta,io 


REGISTERED NURSES 


For new 100.bed General Hospifal in 
resort town of 14,000 people, beautifully 
located On shores of Lake of the Woods. 
Three hours' fravel fime from Winnipeg 
wifh good fransporfafian availcoble. Wide 
variefy of summer and winfer sporfs- 
swimming, boating, fishing, golfing, skaf- 
ing, curling, tobogganing, skiing and ice 
fishing. 
Salary: $372 for nurses registered in 
Ontario with allowance for experience. 
Residence available. Good personnel poli- 
cies. 


Apply to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
KENORA GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Keno,a, Ontario 


VICTORIAN ORDER 
OF NURSES 


GREATER TORONTO BRANCH 


Invites applications for positions of 


PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE 


This branch offers diversified experience 
including bedside nursing, individual 
feaching, participafion in Home Core 
Program for Mefropolitan Toronfo, and 
studenf program. Inservice education and 
other employee benefits 


For details apply: 
Director 
VICTORIAN ORDER OF NURSES 
GREA TER TORONTO BRANCH 
281 Sherbourne Street 
Toronto 2, Ontario 


ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 


LONDON, ONTARIO 


Teaching Hospital, 600 beds, new facilities 


requires : 


REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


For further information apply: 
The Director of Nursing 
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 
London, Ontario 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
EDUCATION 


Masfer's degree preferred; to conducf 
basic nursing program and affilliate pro- 
gram. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, 
CHilDREN'S HOSPITAL 
OF WINNIPEG, 
Winnipeg, Manitoba. 


MEDICINE HAT 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
MEDICINE HAT, ALBERTA 


INSTRUCTORS 
POSITIONS 
CLASSROOM SCIENCE 
PEDIATRICS 
OBSTETRICS 
MEDICINE 
SURGERY 
Closs 25-30 Studenfs 
Current Recommended 
Salary Scoles 


Apply: 
Director of Nursing Education 
or any 
CANADA MANPOWER CENTRE 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 73 



ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH 


NURSES: Have you been in your present position since graduation? Why not consider a change - or 
have you lost interest in new horizons? The Ontario Department of Health will very shortly open 
a new mental hospital in South Porcupine, 100 miles north-west of North Bay, and challenging 
opportunities exist to make a significant contribution in the development of a comprehensive 
nursing program. 


SALARIES: $5,000 to $6,000 PER ANNUM (A starting salary above the minimum will be considered, based 
on previous experience). 


POSITIONS: AREA SUPERVISORS: 
WARD SUPERVISORS: 
WARD NURSES: 


$5,750 to $6,600 
$5,250 to $6,000 
$5,000 to $5,500 


QUALIFICATIONS: Registration as a nurse in Ontario. 


NOTE: Eligibility for supervisory positions may also depend on additional nursing training. 


BENEFITS: Sick leave credits, vacation credits, excellent pension fund and subsidized health and insurance 
plan. 


(î) 


ONTARIO 
PROVINCE OF OPPORTUNITY 


Please apply in confidence to: 
Director of Personnel and Organization, 
Room 5424 Whitney Block, 
Parliament Buildings, Toronto, Ontario. 


ONTARIO SOCIETY 
FOR 
CRIPPLED CHILDREN 


requires 
· Camp Directors 
· General Staff Nurses 
· Registered Nursing Assistants 
for 
FIVE SUMMER CAMPS 
located near 
OTTAWA COLLINGWOOD 
LONDON - PORT COLBORNE 
KIRKLAND LAKE 


Applications are invifed from nUrses in- 
terested in the rehabilitation of physically 
handicapped children. Preference given to 
CAMP DIRECTOR applicants having super- 
visory experience and to NURSING ap- 
plicants wifh paediatric experience. 


Apply in writing to: 
Miss HELEN WALLACE, Reg. N., 
Supervisor of Camps, 
350 Rumsey Road, 
Toronto 11, Ontario 


74 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


SCHOOL Of NURSING 
PLUMMER 
MEMORIAL 
PUBLIC HOSPITAL 


SAULT STE. MARIE 


Invites Applications for: 
1. Medical-Surgical Instructor 
2. Medical Instructor 
3. Obstetrical Instructor 


250 bed non-sectarian General 
Hospital with enrolment of 80 
students. This School is planning 
a change to two year patient- 
centered, problem solving cur- 
riculum and one year internship. 
Excellent salaries commensurate 
with experience and qualifica- 
tions. 


Apply to: 
Principal, 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 


AJAX AND 
PICKERING 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


AJAX, ONTARIO 
127 Beds 


Nursing the patient as an indi- 
vidual. Vacancies, General Duty 
R.N.'s and Registered Nursing 
Assistants for all areas, Full time 
and part time. Solaries as in Me- 
tro Toronto. Consideration for ex- 
perience and education. Excellent 
fringe benefits. Residence accom- 
modation, single rooms, House- 
Keeping privileges. 


Apply fo: 
NURSING OFFICE PERSONNEL 


APRIL 1967 



MEDICINE HAT 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


MEDICINE HAT, ALBERTA 


STAFF NURSES 


Curren. Recommended 
Solary Scoles 


Apply: 


Director of Nursing 
or any 
CANADA MANPOWER CENTRE 


REGISTERED NURSES 


SALARY - $415 . $490 
PLUS MERIT INCREASES 
8 HOUR WORKING PERIODS 
MODERN 45 BED 
ACCREDITED HOSPITAL 
RESIDENCE ACCOMMODATION 
RECREATIONAL FACILITIES 
E.G. GOLF, CURLING, SWIMMING 


Write to: 


Director of Nursing 
ANSON GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Iroquois Falls, Ontario 


GENERAL HOSPITAL 


ST. JOHN'S, NEWFOUNDLAND 


Opporfunity for Instructors in all areas of 
nursing, in progressive School of Nursing, 
where new ideas are welcomed. 


Program consists of two years of planned 
study and pracfice, complefely controlled 
by School, plus one year of internship. 
New School and residence wifh swimming 
pool in rapidly growing city of 100,000 
people. Good personnel policies. Solary 
under review. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
St. John's, Newfoundland 


APRIL 1967 


ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 


SARNIA, ONTARIO 
Invites applications for the 
positions of: 


IN-SERVICE DIRECTOR 
EVENING SUPERVISOR 
GENERAL DUTY NURSES 


328-bed hospital, excellent personnel po- 
licies. 


For fUrth
 information apply: 
Director of Nursing 
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 
Sarnia, Ontario 


TEACHER 
FOR 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
GUELPH GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Baccalaureafe preferred, Diploma will be 
considered. 
Guelph is a pleasant city of 48,000, one 
hour's drive from Toronto. The University 
of Guelph offers educafiona' and cultural 
advantages fo community members. 
The School of Nursing is under separate 
direction from the hospital and has its 
own Boord of Management. Sfudent En- 
rolmenf is 98. 
Interested applicants may write: 
Director 
School of Nursing 
GUELPH GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Guelph, Ontario 


HAMILTON CIVIC HOSPITALS 
SCHOOL Of NURSING 


announces 


FACULTY POSITIONS ARE AVAILABLE 
I. PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 
2. NURSING 


Minimum qualificofion is Bachelor's De- 
gree. 


Please direct enquiries to the: 
Director, School of Nursing 
BARTON STREET EAST, 
Hamilton, Ontario 


REGISTERED GENERAL 
DUTY NURSES 


For 22-bed General Hospital, in progres- 
sive community on Trans-Canada High- 
way. Personnel PolicIes according 10 
SRNA recommendafions. Solary: $364 for 
nurses registered in Sask. S.H.A. Pension 
Plan. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
HERBERT-MORSE UNION 
HOSPITAL 
Herbert, Saskatchewan 


W1LSON MEMORIAL 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


requires 


REGISTERED NURSES FOR 
GENERAL DUTY 
REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 


20-bed hospital. Situated in a progressive 
Northwestern Onfario community. 
Room and board provided. 


For full particulars, 
Write to: 


Director of Nursing 
Marathon, Ontario 


SCHOOL Of NURSING 


requires 


INSTRUCTOR IN SCIENCE 
AND MEDICAL 
SURGICAL NURSING 


REQUIREMENTS: 


University preparafion in Nursing Edu- 
cafion. Solary differenfial for degree. 


For further information, 
contact: 


Director of Nursing 
JEffERY HALE'S HOSPITAL 
1250 St-Foy Road, Quebec 
6, P.Q. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 75 



What does 
Methodist Hospital 
have to offer me? 


At the Methodist Hospital, where research is a part 
of progress, a nursi ng career takes on new horizons - 
rich in meaning and professional satisfaction. 
If you're looki ng for the chance to be the nurse 
you've always dreamed of - coming to the world 
famous Methodist Hospital can be an adventure - 
almost like stepping into the future - splendid 
facilities, 
o much advance eQuipment and 
everywhere the newest medical and patient care 
techniques are in use. 
Some of the best aspects of nursing at METHODIST 
are as old as medicine itself - there is a spirit of 
kindness and consideration, and emphasis on patient 
care, that make this a hospital where nursing is 
satisfying and rewarding, day by day. 
Methodist Hospital IS right in the center of the world's 
great Medical, Research and Educational complexes. 
HOUSTON is an exciting city - rodeo and opera, 
pro.football and the famous Alley Theatre, water sports 
and beaches an hour or less away, the Houston 
Symphony and the Astrodome! 


A Few Quick Facts: We're affiliated with Baylor 
University College of Medicine and associated with 
Texas Woman's University College of Nursing. 
New $9'12 million Cardiovascular and Orthopedic 
Research Center will open soon. Our Inservice 
Education Department gives you thorough 
orientation, and continued instruction in new 
concepts and techniques. You'll find every 
encouragement to broaden your skills, 
including tuition assistance in obtaining 
further education in nursing. 


. 


" 


Send for Your Colorful tnformative Illustrated 
Brochure. . . to learn about Methodist Hospital, 
Houston, positions available, salary and employment 
benefits, tuition allowance, complimentary room 
accommodation and our Nurse Specialist Programs. 
Write, call or send coupon, Director of Personnel, 
The Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, 
Houston, Texas 77025 


J 


r-------------------------------------. 
I Director of Personnel, THE METHODIST HOSPITAL, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77025 I 
I Please send me your brochure about nursing opportunities at THE METHODIST HOSPITAL-Texas Medical Center I 
I I 
I Name I 
I Address I 
I I 
I City State Zip Code I 
L_____________________________________ 


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A 1,200 bed teaching hospital, with a School of Nursing of 450 students. A rapidly expanding Medical 
Center, situated on a growing University Campus. 


NURSING OFFERS 
* Planned Orientation Programme 
* In Service Educofion Programme 
* Organized programme to provide op- 
portunities for Team leoders, Leader- 
ship Responsibility 
* Opportunities for Professional develop. 
ment in O.R., Coronary Core, Cardiac 
Surgery, Renal Dialysis, Neurosurgery, 
and Rehabilitation 


For more information write to: 
Director of Nuning 


BENEFITS 


* Excellent Pafient Core Facilifies 


UNIVERSITY 
OF ALBERTA 
HOSPITAL 


* Salary scaled to qualificafion and ex. 
perience 


Edmonton, Alberta 
Canada 


* Liberal personnel policies 


76 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


APRIL 1967 



GRADUATE NURSES 


Eligible for registration in the 
Province of Ontario. 


Various positions available as SUPER- 
VISORS, HEAD NURSES, and GENERAL 
DUTY NURSES. Excellent opporfunifies for 
advancement in all areas of modern, 
newly expanded I,COO-bed General Hos- 
pifal, including O.R. and Recovery. Infen- 
sive Core. Emergency. Cenfral Supply. 
Medical and Surgical Units. 


Please contact: 
Director of Nursing 
HENDERSON GENERAL 
HOSPIT AL 
Hamilton r Ontario 


CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS 


required 


wifh preparafion and experience. Eligible 
for B. C. Registration. Medical. Surgical 
and Paediafric areos. 


Student enrollment - 200 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
Victoria, B. C. 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 


ST. THOMAS.ELGIN GENERAL HOSPITAL 
will require 
2 TEACHERS . AUGUST 1967 
DUTIES: Insfruction in Science and Medical- 
Surgical Nursing Parficipation in deve- 
lopment of 2 year programme. 
QUALIFICATIONS: University preparafian 
in Nursing Educafion or Public Healfh. 
SALARY: Commensurafe with experience 
and education. 50 Ifudenls enrolled 
annually. 
For further information contact: 
Director School of Nursing 
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 
St. Thomal, Onto 


APRIL 1967 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


Required for 37 bed active hospi1al in 
town of 1,700 pop. midway between 
Calgary and Lefhbridge. paved hiwy. 
wheat growing area. close to foothills. 
Training or experience in Nurse Adminis- 
tration would be beneficial. Increase in 
usage of all facilities in lost 6 months. 
Salary to be negofiated. Suite in nurses' 
residence. Insurance and pemian group. 
Present Director retiring. 


Apply in writing to: 
Administrator, 
MUNICIPAL HOSPITAL 
Vulcan, Alberta 


WANTED 


Registered Nurses required for twelve-bed 
Company hospital in Lynn Lake. Manitoba. 
Salary $385.00 per monfh plus five an- 
nual increments. Free apartment and 
board. Relocation expenses. Compony 
paid insurance. medical. hospital plans 
and pension plan available. 


For further particulars, apply to: 
Penonnel Manager, 
SHERRITT GORDON MINES 
LIMITED, 
Lynn Lake, Manitoba. 


REGISTERED NURSES 


Registered Nurses required for General 
Duty in well sfaffed 90 bed general hos- 
pital. 
Salary Scale $3.200 x $120 to $4.200 per 
annum. 
Liberal personnel policy. 
Good prospects for early promofion to 
senior posifions on basis of merit and 
ability rafher than on seniority. 
Fare paid from present location. 
Apply for further details 
to: 
Dr. A. H. Dennison 
Medical Superintendent 
NOTRE DAME BAY 
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 
Twillingate, Newfoundland 


PSYCHIATRIC 
CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR 


required by 


ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL 
KAMLOOPS, British Columbio 


For further information write to: 


Director of Nursing Education 
ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL 
Kamloops, B. C. 


ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 


GUELPH, ONTARIO 


requires 


Insfructors for various Clinical Areas 
Studenf enrolment - over 85. 


UNIVERSITY CITY 


Salary commensurate with preparation 
and experience. 


Apply to: 
DIRECTOR 


ROYAL ALEXANDRA HOSPITAL 


EDMONTON, ALBERTA 


Modern active treafment hospital Super- 
visors required for days. evening and 
night duty for Paediafric and Medical 
Nursing Unifs. General Dufy for 0/1 servi- 
ces including Intensive Core Unif. Excel- 
lent working condifions and current per- 
sonnel policies. Credit will be given for 
previous experience and Pastgraduafe 
qualifications. 


Apply: 
Personnel Office, 
ROYAL ALEXANDRA HOSPITAL 
Edmonton, Alberta 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 77 



I I 


UNITED STATES 


UNITED STATES 


STAFF NURSES Here is the opportunity to turther 
develop your professionol skills ond knowledge in 
our 1.000-bed medical center. We have liberal personnel 
policies with premiums for evening and night tours. 
Our nurses. residence. located in the midst of 33 
cultural and educational institutions, offers low-cost 
hous,ng adjocent to the Hospita1s. Write for our booklet 
on nursing opportunities. Feel free to tell us what type 
position you are seeking. Write: Director of Nursing, 
Room 600, University Hospitals ot Cleveland, University 
Circle. Cleveland, Ohio 44-06 15-36. J G 


liberal polky for advancement, vacations, sick 
leave, holidays. Apply: Multnomah Hospital, 1'ort. 
land, Oregon. 97201. 15-38-1 


STAFF NURSES: To work in Extended Care or Tuber. 
culosis Unit. live in lovely suburban Cleveland in 
2-bedroom house for $55 a month including all 
utilities. Modern salary and excellent fringe benefits. 
Write Director of Nursing Service, 4310 Richmond 
Road, Cleveland, Ohio. 15-36 1 F 


GRADUATE NURSES - Wouldn't you like to work 
at a modern 532-bed acute General Teaching Hos- 
pital where you would have: (a) unlimited oppor- 
tunities for professional growth and advancement, 
(b) tuition paid for advanced study, (c) starting 
salary of $429 per month (to those with pending 
registration as well), d) progressive personnel po Ii- 


Registered Nurse (Scenic Oregon vacation play- 
ground, skiing, swimming, boating & cultural 
events) for 295-bed teeching unit on campus of 
University of Oregon medical school. Salary starts 
at 5575. Pay differential for nights and evenings. 


ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 


MONTREAL, QUEBEC 


POSTGRADUATE COURSES 


1. 


(a) 'Six month clinical course in Obstetrical Nursing. 
Classes - September and March. 
(b) Two month clinical course in Gynecological Nursing. 
Classes following the six month course in Obstetrical 
Nursing. 
(c) Eight week course in Care of the Premature Infant. 


2. 


Six month course in Operating Room Technique. 
Classes - September and March. 


3. 


Six month course in Theory and Practice in Psychiatric 
Nursing. 
Classes - September and March. 


For information and details of the courses, apply to: 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 


Montreal, P.Q. 


78 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


I I 


UNITED STATES 


cies, (e) a choice of areas? For further information 
write or call collect: Miss Louise Harrison, Directo; 
o
 Nursing Service, M
unt Sinai Hospital, University 
C..cle. Cleveland, Oh,o 44106. phone SWeetbrior 
5-6000. 15-36.10 


STAFF NURSES: University of Washington. 320.bed 
modern, expanding Teaching and Research Hospital 

o
ated on campus offers you an opportunity to 
lOin the staff in one of the following specialties: 
Clinical Research, Premature Center, Open Hearl 
Surgery, Physical Medicine, Orthopedicts, Neurosur- 
gery, Adult and Child Psychiatry in addition to 
the General Services. Salary: $501 to $576. Unique 
benefit program includes free University courses after 
5ix months. For information on opportunities, write 
to: Mrs. Ruth Fine. Director of Nursing Services, 
University Hospital, 1959 N.E. Pacific Avenue. 
Seattle, Woshington 98105_ 15-48-2D 


REGISTERED NURSE) 


Required for various deporfments in a 
modern 140.bed hospital situated in the 
Kawartha Lakes area. 


Toronfa Council salaries in effect. 


Please apply to: 


Personnel Director 
ROSS MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 
Lindsay, Ontario 


UNIVERSITY OF 
BRITISH COLUMBIA 


School of Nursing 


DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC 
NURSING 
DEGREE COURSE FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 


Both of these courses lead to the 
B.S.N. degree. Graduates are pre- 
pared for public health as well as 
hospital nursing positions. 


DIPLOMA COURSES FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 


1. Public Health Nursing. 
2. Administration of Hospital 
Nursing Units. 
3. Psychiatric Nursing. 


For information write to: 
The Director 
SCHOOL Of NURSING 
UNIVERSITY Of B.C. 
Vancouver 8, B.C. 


APRIL 1967 



DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 


DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC NURSING - (B.N.) 
An integrafed program extending over four calendar years is of- 
fered TO candidates with Senior Mafriculafion and prepares fhe stu. 
dent for nursing pracfices in the community and hospitals. 
DEGREE COURSE FOR REGISTERED NURSES - (B.N.) 
A program extending over three academic years is offered fo Re- 
gistered Nurses who wish to obfain a Bachelor of Nursing degree. 
The course includes sTudies in fhe humanities. sciences, and a 
nursing specialty. 
DIPLOMA COURSES FOR REGISTERED NURSES - 
1 YEAR 
(1) Nursing Service Administrafion 
(2) Public Heolth Nursing 
(3) Teaching in Schools of Nursing 
DIPLOMA COURSE FOR REGISTERED NURSES 
2 YEARS 
Outposf Nursing Course extending over two calendar years and 
leading fo a Diploma in Public Health Nursing and a Diploma in 
Outposf Nursing. 
For further information apply to: 
Director, School of Nursing 
DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 
Halifax, N.S. 


OSLER SCHOOL OF NURSING 


Requires Additional 


TEACHERS 


For the expanding educational programme in this 
New, Regional, Independent, Co-educational school 
of nursing. The second class will be admitted in 
September 1967. 
Teachers who have a B.Se.N. or Diploma in Nursing 
Education with nursing experience will be involved 
in the development of the two year curriculum of 
planned learning experiences followed by a third 
year of hospital nursing service, will assist in class- 
room teaching and accompany students to one of 
the three regional hospitals being utilized for clinical 
experience. 


If you would like to be part of a dynamic, progres- 
sive nursing education programme, you are invited 
to write for further information to: 


PRINCIPAL 
OSLER SCHOOL OF NURSINC 
206 Church Street, Weston, Ontario 
Telephone: Toronto - 247-8562 


APRIL 1967 


AN EXTENSION COURSE 
IN NURSING UNIT ADMINISTRATION 


Nurses interested in enrolling for the Extension Course 
in Nursing Unit Administration should submit their 
applications not later than June 1 st, 1967. Appli- 
cations will be accepted from nurses who are en- 
gaged as assistant head nurses, head nurses or 
supervisors and who are unable to attend a univer- 
sity school of nursing. Directors of nursing in small 
hospitals may also apply. 
The course begins with a five-day workshop in Sep- 
tember, followed by a seven month period of home- 
study. A final five-day workshop will be held in 
May 1968. 
The Extension Course in Nursing Unit Administration 
is jointly sponsored by the Canadian Nurses' Associa- 
tion and the Canadian Hospital Association. 


Information and application forms may be obtained 
by writing to: 
Director, 
EXTENSION COURSE IN NURSING UNIT ADMINISTRATION 


25 Imperial Street 
Toronto 7, Ontario 


THE MONTREAL GENERAL HOSPITAL 


oilers a 
6 month Advanced Course in 
Operating Room Technique and 
Management to 
REGISTERED NURSES 


with a year's Graduate experience 
in an Operating Room. 
Classes commence in September and 
March for selected classes of 
8 students 


For further information apply to : 
The Director of Nursing 


THE MONTREAL GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Montreal 25, Quebec 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 79 



Director of 
Nursing Education 


This is an unusual opportunity for an R.N., experi- 
enced in nursing education, to assume the responsibi- 
lity of organizing and operating a new I 25-student 
school. In order to make this one of the outstanding 
schools of its kind. the Board expects the Director 
to institute a program consistent with the latest 
thinking in the field of nursing education. 
The school is being established in new buildings. with 
up-to-date equipment, at Comer Brook, Newfound- 
land, adjacent to, but independent of, the Hospital 
and will offer a strictly educational program with no 
service aspect except that required for experience. 
Comer Brook is not "the sticks'" Including its en- 
virons, its population is 45,000. It is situated on the 
Humber River, nestled in the 
mountains and has been described 
as one of the most beautiful cities 
in North America. 


The 
Thorne 
Group 
Ltd. 


If you qualify and desire to pur- 
sue this opening further, please 
write, quoting File No. 461, to our 
Toronto office, 101 Richmond 
Street West. 


MANAGEMENT CONSULTANTS 
TORONTO MONTREAL WINNIPEG 


Unique. convenient 
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SECURE during all normal activity with- 
out adhesive tape 
COMFORTABLE for the patient 
STERILE. and highly absorbent. Made of 
smooth. lint free exterior 


BUTTERflY SHAPED 
ANORECTAL DRESSIN G 


CONVENIENT and VERSATILE for use 
dry or with topical medication on central 
portion. 
Available from all recognized 
vi Surgical Dealers or from 
WIN lEY-MORRIS CO. lTD. 
M Surgical products division 
Montreal 26 Quebec 
67-1 


80 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Index 
to 
advertisers 
April 1967 


Ames Company of Canada, Ltd. 
Bland Uniforms Limited 
Boehringer Ingelheim Products 
The British Drug Houses (Canada) Ltd. 
Brown Shoe Company of Canada, Ltd. 
Canadian Tampax Corporation Limited 
Canadian University Service Overseas 
Clinic Shoemakers 
Charles E. Frosst & Co. 
Duquesne University Press 
Lakeside Laboratories (Canada) Ltd. 
Lewis-Howe Company (Turns) 
C.V. Mosby Co. 
J. T. Posey Company 
Reeves Company . 
W. B. Saunders Company 
Scholl Mfg. Co. Ltd. 
Sterilon of Canada 
Uniforms Registered 
United Surgical Corp. 
White Sister Uniform Inc. 
Winley-Morris Company Ltd. 
Winthrop Laboratories 


Advertising 
Manager 
_Ruth H. Baumel, 
The Canadian Nurse 
50 The Driveway, 
Ottawa 4, Ontario 
Advertising Representatives 
Richard P. Wilson, 
219 East Lancaster Avenue, 
Ardmore, Penna. 19003 
Vanco Publications, 
170 The Donway West, 
Suite 408, Don Mills, Onto 
Member of Canadian 
Circulation Audit Board Inc. 


26 
6 
12 
5 
49, 16 
21 
10 
2 
51 
62 
1 
52 
18, 19 
23 
22 
14 
10 
24 
Cover III 
50 
Cover II 
17 
Cover IV 


GÐ:J 


APRil 1%7 



May 1967 


U
IVERSrTY OF OTTARA 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
01"1 Aili A, ONT. 
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The 
Canadian 
Nurse 


modern intensive 
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THE "CENTENNIAL UNIFORI\ 


DESIGNED AND CREATED FOR THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF GRADUATE NURSES 
SERVING AT "THE MAN AND HIS HEALTH PAVILION" 


AT exp o 67 


by 


I 
WH\1'E S\S1'ER_ 


WHITE SISTER AT EXPO 67: 
As a co-sponsor of the important "Man and His Health Pavilion" and its unique "Intense Electronic Observation 
Nurses' Station", White Sister has created the "Centennial Uniform" as a gift for the exclusive use of the Graduate 
Nurses who will come from all parts of Canada to be on-duty at this "Nurses' Station". 


THE STYLE: 
Selected from twenty-one original White Sister fashions submitted to consultants from the Canadian Corporation for 
the 1967 World's Exhibition . . . the "Centennial Uniform" represents, most clearly, the forward image of our 
Centennial year so perfectly blended with the look of professional dignity. With its uniquely sculptured shawl collar, 
bearing its proud Expo 67 pin, its modern softly fanning skimmer shape, convertible 3/4 sleeves that fold up to 
short and White Sister's famed action back . . . it is, most surely. the right style for such a significant. event. 


"CAPRICE" THE EXCITING FABRIC: 
"Caprice" a very special new intimate blend of 65% Fortrel & 35% combed cotton in a lovely bengaline weave was 
carefully selected for the "Centennial Uniform". Because of "Caprice", this uniform will pertorm as beautifully as it 
looks. It provides the strength and easy-care qualities of Fortrel plus the soft and supple comfort features of fine 
combed cotton. It is quite beautiful, subtly lustrous and uniquely luxurious. It is one of the finest uniform fabrics ever 
created and though nurses cannot purchase the exclusive "Centennial Uniform", they can find its very same "Caprice" 
fabric in many other select White Sister styles. 



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CREATED by WHITE SISTER UNIFORMS 
70 MOUNT ROYAL WEST 
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Lippincott 


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Lippincott now provides teaching transparencies-in arresting color-for the overhead pro- 
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Drugs and Solutions (36 transparencies) · First Aid (51 transparencies) · Bandaging and 
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For further information, please write: J. B. Lippincott Company of Canada Ltd., 
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Jf J. B. Lippincott is now the exclusive distributor for the above series, developed by and fonnerly 'Jl 
1l distributed by the Robert 1. Brady Company. Projectors are also available frop! Lippincott. jf 



The 
Canadian 
Nurse 


D 'l; 

 


A monthly journal for the nurses of Canada published 
in English and french editions by the Canadian Nurses' Association 


Volume 63, Number 5 


May 1967 


27 Editorial 
28 Wadhams' Outpost Nursing Station S. Johnson 
31 Medical Intensive Care S. Staples 
35 Poison Control as a Nursing Function L. Pearson 
38 Drug Protection for Canadians E. M. Ordway 
42 A Tropical Disease -- in Quebec S. Lauzé 
43 The Child Care Worker in Psychiatry 


The views expressed in the various articles are the views of the authors and do not 
necessarily represent the policies or views of the Canadian Nurses' Association. 


4 Letters 


7 News 


46 Books 


21 Names 


25 Dates 


50 Accession List 


Photo counesy of St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, H.C. Mrs. SaIly Staples, author 
of article on page 31, is seen in the Medical Intensive Care Unit at St. Paul's. 


Executive Director: Helen K. Mussallem . 
Editor: Vtrgtnla A. LIndabury . Assistant 
Editor: Gtennls N. ZlIm . Editoriat Assistant: 
Carla D. Penn . Circulation Manager: Pler- 
rette Hotte . Advertising Manager: Ruth H. 
Baumet . Subscription Rates: Canada: One 
Year, $4.50; 1wo years. $8.00. Fureign: One 
Year. $5.00; two years, $9.00. Single copies: 
50 cents each. Make cheques or money orders 
pa}able to The Canadian Nurse. Change of 
Address: Fûur weeks' notice and the old 
address as well as the new are necessary. Not 
responsible for journals lost in mail due to 
error
 in address. 
@ Canadian Nurses' Association, 1967 


Manuscript Information: "The Canadian 
Nurse" welcomes unsolicited articles. All 
manuscripts should be typed, doubte-spaced, 
on one side of unruled paper leaving wide 
margins. Manuscripts are accepted for revicw 
for exclusive publication. The editor reserves 
the right to make the usuat editorial changes. 
Photol(raphs (glossy prints) and graphs and 
diagrams (drawn in india ink on white paper) 
are welcomed with such articles. The editor 
is not committed to publish all articles sent, 
nor to indicate defimte dates of publication. 
Authorized as Second-Class Mail by the Post 
Office Department. Ottawa, and for _ payment 
of postage in cash. Postpaid at Montreal. 
Return Postage Guaranteed. 50 The Driveway. 
Ottawa 4. Ontario. 


For patient who require 
comprehensive, detailed care, the 
intensive care unit is the logical 
environment. Here, a round-the-clock 
staff can focus its attention and 
equipment on the early diagnosis of 
patient complications, as well as 
on emergency, resuscitative measures. 
Concern recently has been 
expressed, however, over the rapid 
development of ICUs in 
North America. Some doctors are 
convinced that hospital personnel do 
not fully appreciate the problems 
and posible hazards that are inherent 
in the establishment and operation 
of such a unit. They are concerned 
that. in the haste to set up an ICU, 
essential pre-planning may be 
disregarded. 
Frequently, for example, plans for 
staffing are ignored until the ICU 
is ready for operation. And not all 
hospitals are able to attract sufficient 
or suitable nurses to staff the unit. 
One study of the care given in ICUs, 
reported in the November 1966 issue 
of Nursing Outlook, shows that 
staffing varied from one nurse per 
patient to one nurse for seven 
patients. Further. the study revealed 
"shocking discrepancies in the 
quality of nursing care given." 
ICUs can be hazardous for 
patients if their operation is not 
planned and supervised. In his 
article "Monitors That Save Lives 
Can Also Kill" The Modern 
Hospital, March 1967), Dr. Paul E. 
Stanley points out that the electrical 
shock hazard posed by medical 
instruments may be a serious threat 
to patients. Faulty equipment and 
lack of inspection, inadequately- 
trained personnel, disregard for 
safety precautions - all can mean 
death for the patient. 
Infection and psychological trauma 
are two other potential hazards for 
patients in ICUs. One physician 
recently stated that it is unsound, 
because of the risk of infection, to 
lump all seriously ill patients in 
one unit. Another, speaking from the 
psychological point of view, said 
that patients in ICUs are subject to 
severe trauma that can produce 
psychiatric reactions. He suggests 
modification in the structure and 
operation of ICUs to encourage more 
uninterrupted periods of sleep, and 
reduction of the "sensory monotony 
of the environment." - Editor. 


I1A Y 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 3 



letters 


{ 


Letters to the editor are welcome. 
Only signed letters will be considered for publication 
Name will be withheld at the writer's request. 


Comments on comments 
Dear Editor: 
I am a Briti
h registerd nurse now work- 
ing in Nova Scotia and would like to add 
my comments to the letters "Is this nurs- 
ing?" (Nov., 1966), "Unfair to blame 
nurses" (Jan., 1967) and "No critici
m" 
(Feb., 1967). 
In December I entered the obstetrical 
unit of a large Halifax hospital to have 
my first child. The care and attention 
that I received in labor and delivery was 
excellent. However, there was another side 
to the coin - the care that I received 
after being transferred to a private room 
was, on the whole, disgustingly poor. I 
requested a basin as I was still wearing 
the dirty shirt that I had on in the delivery 
room. The answer was, "Oh well. I'm 
going to bathe you in a minute." 
Almost four hours later I was given the 
bath by a nurse. I have observed students 
giving a better bed bath during their first 
weeks of training. I had to ask for drinking 
water since at no time prior to this had 
anybody been in to see if I required any- 
thing. One morning I asked a nurse for two 
A.P.C. and C. tablets for my headache. 
As she left the room she shouted down the 
hall, "2q wants something for a head- 
ache." 
After my discharge from hospital, I 
decided that I had been unlucky and met 
all the indifferent nurses in one unit; how- 
ever, I was very sad to discover soon 
afterwards that this was not so. Last week 
I had to have minor surgery at the other 
large hospital in this city. At no stage 
was anything explained or any reassurance 
given to me until five minutes before the 
Pentothal was administered. Although I 
have been nursing for many years I have 
a fear of anesthetics. Placed in the role 
of patient, I found it hard to be calm 
and objective about the procedure to be 
performed. 
I am only too sorry that I have to agree 
wholeheartedly with "Distressed Reader, 
Ontario." Even in my own hospital I some- 
times feel ashamed that I belong to the 
nursing profession. Have we become so 
technical that the basic concept of nursing 
has to be discarded? Where is the love 
and respect of humanity? - Disillusioned 
R.N., Nova Scotia. 


Correspondents sought 
Dear Editor: 
I am doing a senior research paper on 
the health and emergency facilities avail- 
able at Expo 67 and would appreciate 


4 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


receiving any data you may have. I would 
also like to correspond with a nursing 
student in Canada who could keep me 
periodically infonned about the exposition. 
(Miss) Sue Noble, Senior Student, 
Samaritan Hospital, Ashland, Ohio 4480S. 


Dear Editor: 
As a graduate of the old Western Hos- 
pital of Montreal, 1917, I would like to 
get in touch with any of my classmates. 
I think we should do something to com- 
memorate this fiftieth year of our gradua- 
tion, if only to write each other a letter. 
I would like to hear from any of om 
class, or former classes. - (Mrs.) A.D. 
Buchanan (Mary M. Collins), 100 Arthur 
SI. N., Guelph, Ontario. 


Cranberry juice proves useful 
Dear Editor: 
In the February issue we read the excerpt 
in "In A Capsule" regarding the use of 
cranberry juice for patients with strong- 
smelling urine. As this is a geriatric area 
with 60 female patients who are frequently 
incontinent, we decided to try this method. 
We commenced a trial with four patients 
and within two weeks we noticed a con- 
siderable improvement in the odors of the 
ward. We have continued to give six 
ounces of cranberry juice to selected patients 
each morning and the staff of this ward 
is very pleased with the result. Thank you 
for this helpful advice. - Shirley Til- 
berry, Essondale, B.C. 


Canadian nurses "made in U.S.A." 
Dear Editor: 
I find the sentiments expressed by Sharon 
Johnston of Montreal in "Grumps" (Letters, 
February, 1967) very interesting, and I 
am inclined to agree. Nurses have been 
seeking status for ages. first by aiming 
at higher salaries and now by higher educa- 
tion. 
The aim of the American Nurses' Associa- 
tion is for more education at the theoretical 
level. But soon nurses will be so theo- 
retically minded they will be of no practical 
use. Granted that there will always be a 
need for advanced education for nurses 
who will be teachers, administrators and 
so on, but how can nurses provide 
superior service in their advanced role if 
they cannot back it up with practical ex- 
perience ? 
I can see the day coming when so-called 
mundane or routine nursing care will be 
given by nursing assistants (who are paid 
less than R.N.s.), and professional nurses 


will be discussing the results of care car 
ried out by others, and wondering wh 
they feel somewhat dissatisfied. 
I agree with someone else who wrot 
that what is needed in nursing - and b 
nurses - is devOl;ofl. And I fail to se 
how that can be achieved in the classroom 
Articles pertaining to maternal ani 
child care are of particular interest to m 
as I am a midwife as well as R.N. Th 
January 1967 issue carried a report 0] 
"Effectiveness of Nursing Visits to Prim 
igravida Mothers." When I managed t. 
plow through it I was struck by th. 
reasons given for the need for the stud} 
Anyone who can seriously feel that th1 
mother today can receive all the help sh. 
needs from her family physician and fron 
knowledge acquired through her readin! 
and general education, is either an optimis 
or rather short-sighted. 
I sincerely believe the non-u
e of mid 
wives in this country and in the Unite< 
States is a waste. I realize that I am buck 
ing the trend, but before being classifie< 
as completely out of date, I would dra\l 
to your attention the infant and materna 
mortality rates. Canada and the U.S. de 
not stand up very well in comparison witt 
other countries, in spite of our higher 
standard of living. 
I notice that many, if not most, of YOUl 
authors who have postgraduate nursin
 
education received it in the United States 
Is that why we are drifting in their direc 
tion? The best in the U.S. would compan 
favorably with the best in the world. BUI 
we to not need to succumb to the notior 
that because it is "made in U.S.A." il 
must be good. - Mrs. GT. Marek, Beard 
more, Ontario. 


Articles provoke thought 
Dear Editor: 
Congratulations to Jean Wilkinson or 
her interesting article "Deserter of People' 
(March, 1967) in which she describes her 
unusual job at the Ontario Veterinary Col 
lege in Guelph. 
In the same issue, I found the articl
 
by Mr. Maloney, "Standardization," alsc 
of interest. I am sure many feel as I do 
that this concept should be extended tc 
the area of registration examinations. Surel} 
a nurse's ability is not a matter of geog 
raphy. During Canada's Centennial year 
with so much emphasis on national unity. 
what better project could our profession 
undertake than the establishment of national 
exams ? I was pleased to read that this issue 
came under review at the CNA Board 01 
Directors' meeting, - L.H., Sarnia, Ontario 


MAY 1967 



some nurses call it the PAPER TAPE 
physicians call it the NON-IRRITATING TAPE 
patients call it the COMFORTABLE TAPE 


\ 


" 


MICROPORE Surgical Tape 
The only microporous tape. 


Nurses find it ideal for routine dressina and bandaging. Its 
unique microporous construction permits unequalled evap- 
oration of perspiration. Maceration is prevented and dress- 
ings do not sweat off. Micropore Tape is so thin, airy, light- 
weight it looks and feels paper thin. It unwinds freely, doesn't 
tangle, tears off easily. And with Micropore Tape, valuable time 
is not lost from daily rounds because of messy adhesive residue 
to clean up after removal, or tape burn to be treated. 
Physicians appreciate the notable freedom from skin sensitiza- 
tion and irritation even in tape-sensitive patients. Total micro- 
porosity permits underlying skin to function in a normal 
manner. Unlike other adhesive tapes, Micropore Surgical Tape 
is X-ray clear. 


.. 


" 


\. 


\ 


Your patients are more comfortable with lighter, cooler, less 
bulky dressings. Their convalescence is not complicated by 
distressing skin reactions. And there is no apprehension at the 
prospect of "inching off" or sudden "shock removal." Micro- 
pore Tape peels off painlessly without pulling hairs. 
No other tape has bef'n reported in the literature so extensively 
or so favorably. (1) Depaulis, J.: La Presse Medicale 72:841,1964. (2) 
Golden, T.: Am. J. Surl!. 100:789, 1960. (3) Hu. F., et al.: J. Invest. 
Dermat. 37:409, 1961. (4) Weisman, P. A.: Brit. J. Plastic Surl!. 16:379. 
1963. (5) Valentin.: Gazette Med. de France 71:1430, 1964. (6) Murray. 
P. J. B.: Bnt. Med. J. 2:1030. Oct. 26, 1963. 


3M Medical Products, P.O. Box 2757, London, Canada. 
or leading Surgical Suppliers in your area. 


medical Products 3m 
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I'1AY 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 5 



You, too, need 
plenty of fresh air 
and sunshine! 


4 


Jet CPA to Hawaii 
(for about 10% down) 


" 


And have fun' Hawaii is the 
place to let yourself go. To lift 
your sagging spirits. To enjoy life 
to the fullest. From swinging 
Waikiki Beach to the quieter 
Neighbour Islands, Hawaii is a 
wonderland of sunshine, 
surf, coral beaches. 
What's more, a holiday in Hawaii 
needn't be expensive. There 
are ocean-front hotels with 
reasonable rates, inexpensive 
housekeeping apartments, 
even live-in trailers. 
See your travel agent or 
Canadian Pacific soon. 


... 


" 


. Example down payments - $45.90 tram 
Toronto; $40.20 lrom Winnipeg: $35.80 
Irom Calgary; $28.80 tram Vancouver - 
economy excursion round trip. 


, 


.. 


.. 


Let 
jet y-ou there. 


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IIIrooJ 


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::;ap Narrows Between Canadian 
md American Salary Goals 
-\ national salary goal for Canadian 
lUrses. set by the Canadian Nurses' Asso- 
'iation. has almost closed the gap between 
,tarting salary goals for Canadian and 
'\merican nurses. 
By a motion passed by the Association's 
Joard of Directors meeting in Ottawa last 
\farch. a salary goal of $6,000 for entrance 
nto nursing practice in 1968 from a basic 
liploma program was adopted. The Board 
Ilso adopted a beginning salary of $6,600 
.or those entering practice from a bac- 
'alaureate program. 
The American Nurses' Association set a 
,imilar national goal of $6.500 minimum 
,tarting salary last year. 
The new salary goal means a $500 
ninimum monthly salary for Canadian 
lurses. The Association, however, has no 
:>ower to implement the increases. but set 
he goal as a negotiation target for the 
lrovincial organizations. 
Two provinces. British Columbia and 
:)uebec. already have recommended 1968 
.tarting salaries that equal to the goal set by 
he Association. Ontario has recommended a 
$475 starting salary and Saskatchewan a 

450 starting minimum. 
New Brunswick. whose recommended 
'a
ic salary for 1968 is the lowest of the 
10 provinces. is the only province whose 
!Oal has already been achieved. Dr. Stephen 
Weyman. the province's health minister, 
mnounced on March 4. 1967, that New 
Brunswick nurses would receive a 20 per- 

ent salary increase over a two-year agree- 
ment. Starting salaries for general staff 
nurses will be raised from $3,720 to $4,476 
annually by 1968. This is equivalent to 
.1 $372 monthly salary. 
In announcing the Association's stand 
on salaries, CNA President Reverend Sister 
Mary Felicitas said it is important to the 
health standards of all our people that 
the nursing profession continue to increase 
in quantity and quality to meet the demands 
for better care. 
'"The present economic status of nurses 
can be a deterring factor in the recruitment 
of young people in a very competitive 

ociety and can keep qualified nurses from 
practicing their profession." she said. 
Similar reasons were expressed by Jo 
Eleanor Elliott. President of the American 
Nurses. Association when that national goal 
was established last summer. She told 
reporters at the time. that there is "a direct 
relationship between the economic position 
of nursing and quality of patient care." 


MAY 1967 


Nursing Education Committee Recommends 
Strong Controversial Policies 
Recommendations proposed by the Committee on Nursing Education 
and accepted by the Board of Directors of the Canadian Nurses' Associa- 
tion at their meeting in Ottawa in March reflect strong, go-ahead policies. 
The committee presented a list of Beliefs About Nursing Education, and four 
strong recommendations calling for immediate and appropriate action on 
the Beliefs. Board members supported the committee's actions and accepted 
the stated beliefs with only minor changes. 
Major points on which the committee complete statement on CNA policies, be- 
requested action are: liefs and activities for the next biennium. 
· definition of two distinct categories of The committee noted "Current trends 
nurse practitioners eligible for licensure as in health appear to be toward mOTe 
registered nurses, comprehen
ive health services whose nature 
. differentiation in educational programs and complexity will demand an increasing 
for each category, number of highly qualified nursing person- 
neL" The committee therefore called for 
· placement of nursing education within 
the general education system. immediate action to encourage recruitment 
of suitable candidates into nursing prac- 
· phasing out as soon as feasible of present 
titioner programs rather than assistant 
programs for licensed certified registered 
assistants (nurse aides. practical or psychiat- programs. 
In presenting the Beliefs. the committee 
ric nurses). 
emphasized that there is a rapid growth 
· assistance to qualified members of present of workers in nursing who are inadequately 
programs of licensed auxiliary personnel prepared for or geared to future needs 
in nursing to gain preparation at the of nursing. The report to the board said: 
diploma level. and "Tremendous resources (financial, clinical, 
· preparation of a new category of workers .md human) are being used for the pre para- 
to assist in IIoll-nursing activities at the tion of nursing assistants," and that these 
secondary school level. "could be better utilized in preparing nurs- 
The Beliefs will be introduced into a ing practitioners." 


CNA Headquarters 
Unopened But Named 
It has a name now, even though the new 
headquarters of the Canadian Nurses' 
Association is not yet officially open. The 
name "CNA House," which has been used 
un-officially since the Association moved 
into the building over a year ago, was 
chosen as the official title at the meeting 
of the Board of Directors held in Ottawa 
in March. 
Original planning of CNA House was 
done by a House Committee. Mildred 
Walker, chairman of the committee, died 
this January, shortly after her retirement 
as senior nursing consultant in the oc- 
cupational health division of the Department 
of National Health and Welfare. Other 
members of the original committee were 
Evelyn Pepper, vice chairman, Mary Ac- 
land. and Mima MacLaren. 
The opening of CNA House originally 
scheduled for March 15, 1967, was post- 
poned out of respect for the memory of 
Govenor General Georges P. Vanier. It 
has been tentatively scheduled to coincide 
with the next Board meeting to be held 
in Ottawa, September 27-29, 1967. 


National Exams For Canada? 
A national testing service for Canadian 
nurses is receiving serious consideration 
by the national and provincial associations. 
The national service was recommended by 
the Board of Directors at the mid-March 
meeting in Ottawa. The service would 
eventually offer, in both languages, registra- 
tion examinations in the five nursing sub- 
jects: medical, surgical, psychiatric, pediat- 
ric, and obstetrical nursing. 
The Board authorized the national office 
staff to obtain consultant services to develop 
a plan for a national testing service and to 
determine the requirements regarding peT- 
sonnel and facilities. 
At present, the Ontario and New Bruns- 
wick Associations are using examinations 
prepared by the RNAO Testing Service. 
The other provincial associations are using 
examinations from the National League 
for Nursing. In Quebec. only English- 
speaking applicants write NLN test pool 
papers. 
The Board's decision was prompted by 
the position taken by the American Nurses' 
Association at their biennial meeting in 
June 1966: the ANA has requested that 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 7 



news 


NLN examinations no longer be given 
outside the USA. 
As considerable time is required to set 
up a Canadian testing service, the Board 
recommended that provincial associations 
use the testing services of RNAO in the 
meantime. 


CNA Offers 
Consultation Services 
The Board of Directors of the Canadian 
Nurses' Association has defined its policy 
concerning consultation services offered by 
national office staff. Approval of recom- 
mendations suggested by the national office 
staff was given at the Board meeting at 
CNA House in March. The recommenda- 
tions were based on practices in other nurs- 
ing and allied agencies. 
Services offered are of two kinds: inter- 
pretation and consultation. 
Interpretative visits arc made on behalf 
of the Association to interpret Association 
objectives to sister organizations - inter- 
national, national or others. Expenses 
incurred on these trips will be assumed 
by CNA. 
Consultive services are offered to help 
other associations to improve nursing care. 
When consultation is requested by a mem- 
ber association, CNA assumes the expenses 
for at least the first five days. For prolong- 
ed visits to a member organization, CNA 
will pay the consultant's salary, while the 
provincial organization pays transportation 
and living expenses. Consultation fees to 
non-member organizations will be $80 a 
day plus transportation and hotel expenses. 
Reorganization of structures initiated in 
1965 and approved by CNA members at 
the July 1966 General Meeting has made 
this revision of policy necessary. 
Requests for consultation are addressed 
to the Executive Director. Acceptance is 
subject to the nature of services requested 
and CNA's resources. 


Royal Commission on Status of 
Women To Get Brief from Nurses 
The Canadian Nurses' Association will 
submit a Brief to the Royal Commission on 
the Status of Women. the CNA Board of 
Directors decided at their March meeting 
in Ottawa. 
The Commission, announced by the 
federal government in February, will be 
chaired by Mrs. John Bird (Ann Francis). 
It will investigate women's roles and make 
recommendations to the federal govern- 
ment to ensure that women receive equal 
rights in every sphere of Canadian society. 
CNA's Committee on Social and Econo- 
mic Welfare recommended the submission 
of the Brief on behalf or nurses, and sug- 
gested areas to be incorporated. Items to 


8 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


be included, among others, were: considera- 
tion of nursery schools to enable mothers 
to return to the profession, instigation of 
maternity leave without loss of benefits, 
and greater income tax deductions for the 
working wife. 
Although the CNA is a professional 
organization, and includes men among its 
membership, the Board pointed out that 
its members comprise a very large group 
of working women; more than one-half of 
all employed nurses are married, according 
to latest CNA statistics. The Board there- 
fore believes that a statement from org- 
anized nurses is necessary. 
Several provincial associations - New- 
foundland, British Columbia, Manitoba, and 
Saskatchewan - indicated that they may 
also submit statements to the Commission. 


Special Meeting Planned 
For Provincial Registrars 
The ten provincial officers responsible 
for registration will undertake an in-depth 
study of registration requirements and 
licensing responsibilities for foreign nurses. 
This suggestion was approved by the 
Board of Directors of the Canadian Nurses' 
Association at their meeting in Ottawa in 
mid-March. 
Miss Helena Reimer, secretary-registrar 
for the Association of Nurses of the 
Province of Quebec, told the Board that 
the meeting had been requested at a 
conference of executive secretaries and 
registrars held just previous to the board 
meeting. Miss Reimer pointed out that 
several provinces - especially those that 
offer higher basic salaries - receive many 
applications from out-of-province nurses. 
The conference could investigate ways 
and means to coordinate registration re- 
quirements. 
Miss Lillian Pettigrew, associate executive 
director of CNA, was named chairman of 
the conference, which is planned for late 
fall. 
"Becduse of misunderstandings about dif- 
ferences in provincial registration require- 
ments, nurses moving from province to 
province or coming from another country 
are often critical of complexities in obtain- 
ing registration," said Miss Pettigrew. "It 
is hoped that the investigation may suggest 
ways of speeding up the processing of 
applicants' credentials." 


First Canadian Conference 
On Maternal and Child Health 
Held in Ottawa 
Canada's infant death rate c9mpares 
poorly with rates of other countries, such 
as Sweden and the Netherlands, Health 
Minister Allan MacEachen told delegates in 
his opening address to the conference on 
Maternal and Child Health held in Ottawa 
March [9-22, 1967. The four-day confe- 
rence was called by the federal department 
of health to help assess ways and means 


The Handicapped at Expo 67 


Handicapped per- 
sons have not been 
forgotten by those 
planning Expo 67, 
according to Expo 
officials. All buil- 
duings and facili- 
ties constructed by 
the Expo Corporation are in accord with 
recommendations published in 1965 as a 
supplement to the National Building 
Code of Canada. The supplement, Build- 
ing Standards for the Handicapped. 
1965, expressed concern that handicap- 
ped and aged persons often are frustrat- 
ed by the difficulty in getting about 
in public places. 
The Montreal world fair, to be 
held from April 28 to October 27, 
demonstrates the feasibility of planning 
facilities that permit easy access for 
the handicapped. A special symbol in- 
dicates entrances and facilities specially 
prepared for the convenience of handi- 
capped visitors. 
A specially designed car for the Expo 
transportation system, called "La Bal- 
lade," will carry 50 handicapped pas- 
sengers in comfort and without fatigue. 
The car will accommodate up to 25 
wheelchairs. This train will leave from 
Place d'Accueil on MacKay Pier four 
times a day. 
Special groups of 60 persons can rent 
other transportation for several hours 
for about $2.00 each; an Expo guide 
will accompany the group. 
Wheelchairs will be available for rent 
at the Expo site. Cost will be about 
$5.00 per day; a partial refund will be 
given. 
Expo consultants advised all pavillion 
architects to consider the handicapped 
in their designs. As part of the overall 
landscaping effect, ramps rather than 
exterior stairways, were provided. Rest- 
rooms are planned with special fixtures 
and wide doors to facilitate the visitor 
in wheelchair. 


of meeting maternal and child health needs 
in a changing society. 
About 150 delegates - mostly doctors, 
nurses, and social workers - represented 
provincial departments of health and major 
voluntary organizations concerned with the 
program areas. 
Four experts with extensive professional 
background and experience participated as 
consultants throughout the conference. Sir. 
Dugald Baird, formerly Regius Professor 
(Continued on page 10) 
MAY 1967 



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news 


(Cuntinued from paRe 8) 
of Midwifery and Gynaecology. University 
of Aberdeen. Scotland; Dr. Helen Wallace. 
Professor of Materna1 and Child Hea1th, 
University of California, Berkeley; Madame 
Ie Docteur Nathalie P. Masse, Directeur 
de I'Enseignement, Centre Internatiorull de 
rEnfance, Paris; and Dr. Leona Baumgart- 
ner, visiting Professor of Social Medicine. 
Harvard Medical School, Boston, gave the 


mam addresses, and participated in the dis- 
cussions. 
The conference was mainly community 
oriented. and concentrated on areas of 
maternal health and the newborn, infant, 
and toddler. 
Dr. Gregory Tompkins, associate profes- 
sor of obstetrics and gynecology at Dalhou- 

ie University. Ha1ifax. pointed out that 
Canada's maternal death rate is also com- 
paratively high. as is the rate of infant 
deaths immediately following birth. He em- 
phasized good prenata1 care and ca1led for a 
massive education program to be directed to 
expectant mothers. 


DANDRUFF 
WARD 


I 
DANDRUFF 
WARD 


k- 


You won't see this in your hospital 


We're not trying to fool you. 
We're making a point! 
That dandruff is a serious medical 
problem and the only truly effective 
treatment is the medical one - Selsun 
by Abbott. 
Selsun clears up annoying, unsight- 
ly dandruff in two or three treatments. 
(thoroughly effective in 92% to 95% 
cases reported 1 ). 
You use it like any shampoo. Works 
fast. Comes in a handy unbreakable 
bottle. Leaves your hair glistening. 


Really, there's no room for dandruff 
in your professional or social life. Use 
Selsun and get to the root of the 
problem. 
Precautions: Occasional sensitization 
of the neck and external ear may 
occur. Falling hair which may accom- 
pany scalp treatment is usually due to 
an impoverished or diseased condition 
of the hair and scalp. 
1 Slinger, W. N., and Hubbard, D. M., Treet- 
ment 01 Seborrheic Dermatitis with e Shempoo 
Conteining Selenium Disulfide, Arch. Dermal. 
& Syph., 64:41, 1951. 


eJ 


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10 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Dr. Helen Wa1lace pointed out that then 
were some preventable factors in the death! 
of children age 1-4 years. The three mair 
causes of death in this age group are 
accidents, influenza and pneumonia, anc 
congenital malformations. 
Fun reports on the conference, and boun 
copies of major speeches, will be availab1e 
later for loan to nurses through the CNA 
Library, 50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4. Thf 
accession list will contain notice of availa. 
bility. 


CNF Names Officers 
Miss M. Jean Anderson, director of nurs. 
ing at Victoria Public Hospita1 in Frede. I 
ricton, N.B., was elected president of thf 
Canadian Nurses' Foundation at the Board I 
of Director's meeting he1d at CNA House: 
in Ottawa on March 15, 1967. I 
The nine-member Board also e1ecteo 
Miss Vema Huffman, public hea1th nursin!! 
consultant in the Department of National 
Health and Welfare, Ottawa, as vice-presi. 
dent. Both positions are for one-year terms. 
Dr. Helen K. Mussa1lem, executive di 
rector of the Canadian Nurses' Association, 
was appointed as secretary/treasurer. The 
Board also named Miss Dorothy Percy as 
chairman of the nominations committee 
and Miss Huffman as chairman of the selec- 
tions committee for the awards. 
The Canadian Nurses' Foundation is a 
national incorporated body organized to 
acquire funds to provide scholarships for 
nurses and to stimulate research in nursing 
science. The CNF presently gives scholar- 
ships of up to $3,500 each for study at 
the master's level, and awards of up to 
$4.500 each to doctora1 candidates. 


Committee Vacancies Filled 
Vacancies on various committees were 
filled during the recent meeting of the Board 
of Directors of the Canadian Nurses' Asso- 
ciation. Several of the appointments were 
necessitated by the death of Dr. Katherine 
E MacLaggan, former CNA president. 
Miss Louise Miner, first vice-president 
of the Association, was appointed to the 
CMA-CHA-CNA liason committee. Sister 
Mary Fe1icitas, the new president of the As- 
sociation, was named to the Canadian Wel- 
fare Council, the Nursing Unit Administra- 
tion Course Advisory Committee, and to 
the Board of Governors of the Victorian 
Order of Nurses for Canada. 
Appointed as a representative of CNA 
to a newly formed steering committee on 
Canadian Conference on Hospita1-Medical 
Staff Relations was the executive direc- 
tor of the Association, Dr. H.K. Mussallem. 
The appointment of Miss Evelyn Pepper 
to the Committee on Nominations was also 
ratified. Other members on the Nominations 
Committee include A. Isobel MacLeod, 
chairman, Sheila Nixon, Margaret Page 
and Mary Wilson. 


(Continued on page 12) 
MAY 1967 



.... 


your 
Own 
hands: 


, 


soft testimony to your patients' comfort 


Your own hands are testimony to Dermassage's effectiveness. Applied by your 
soft, practiced hands, Dermassage alleviates your patient's minor skin irritations 
and discomfort. It adds a welcome, soothing touch to tender, sheet-burned 
skin; relieves dryness, itching and cracking. . . aids in preventing decubitus 
ulcers. In short, Dermassage is "the topical tranquilizer". . , it relaxes the patient 
. . . helps make his hospital stay more pleasant. 
You will like Dermassage for other reasons, too. A body rub with it saves your time 
and energy. Massage is gentle, smooth and fast. You needn't follow-up with 
talcum and there is no greasiness to clean away. It won't stain or soil linens or 
bed-clothes. You can easily make friends with Dermassage-send for a sample! 


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'AY 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 11 



news 


(Continued from paRe /0) 


CNA and You 
"From where you sit, it may appear 
to be a long way to CNA's Headquarters 
in Ottawa and its influence on your work 
and your professional life may appear cor- 
respondingly remote." 
But the influence of the Canadian Nurses' 
Association on the individual Canadian 
nurse is far from remote, as a recently 


published pamphlet "What the CNA does 
for you" clearly points out. 
In a personal and straightforward man- 
ner this small pamphlet describes the four 
main areas where CNA directly concerns 
its members. [t also points out that its 
effectiveness is directly related to "support 
and participation it receives from you, its 
individual members." 
The Association, as the unified voice of 
nurses across the country, can exert a tre- 
mendous influence on the entire profession 
as long as its members are aware of it. 
This pamphlet was prepared "to explain 
briefly what the CNA does for you and to 


TO 


PLAN 


FOR A LIFETIME 


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Marriage is a responsibility that aften reo 
quires both spiritual and medical assistance 
from professional people. In many instances 
a nurse may be called upon for medical 
counsel for the newly married young w.... 
man, mother, or a mature woman
 


"To Plan For II. lifetime, Plan With Your Doc. 
tor" is a pamphlet that was wriHen to assist 
in preparing a woman for patienf-physician 
discussion of family planning methods. The 
booklet stresses the importance to the indi. 
vidual of selecting the method that most 
suits her religious, medical, and psychalogical 
needs. 


\.. 


'- 


\ 


\ 
 


, 


Nurses are invited to USe the coupon below 
to order copies for use as an aid in coun. 
selling. They will be supplied by Mead John- 
son laboratories as a free hn/ice. 


Møa!!Jïj iTimm1 
LABORATGRIES 


'lÝ:fcon;11 Æ/r Li/i: 


I ORDER FORM 
I 
I Please send 
I Name 
I Addre.. 
I 
L_____ 


-----------\ 
I 
copies of "To Plan For A Lifetime, Plan With You. I 
Dodor" to: 
I 
I 
... I 
I 


To: Mead Johnson laboratories, 
III St. Clair Avenue West, 
Toronto 7, Ontario. 


12 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


solicit your interest and participation so i 
can be more effective in the work bein! 
done." 
For free copies of this publication writt 
to the Canadian Nurses' Association, 50 Thl 
Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario. 


US Library Council 
Invites CNA Membership 
The Canadian Nurses' Association ha' J 
become the only non-American agency OJ 
the Interagency Council on Library Tool: 
for Nursing. The Council is an independen 
advisory body composed of representative: _,0 
from agencies and organizations with aI 
active interest in library aids to nursing 
Miss Margaret L. Parkin, CNA Librarian II 
had attended the March meeting of tht In 
Council as a guest. In announcing the invi 
tation, she anticipated that participatior 
in the Council's activities would be reflect 
ed in improved CNA library services an( 
that all Canadian nurses would benefit. 
"This membership will give the CNA ar 
excellent opportunity to share in exchangf 
of ideas, plans and experiences and to ex 
plore nursing library needs with othel 
groups," said Miss Parkin. 


c" 


Unique Nursing Program 
Scheduled For BClT 


Ii 
British Columbia's first two-year basic 8, 
diploma program is scheduled to begin thi! 1, 
September at the British Columbia Institute 
of Technology. Amendments to the Nurses 
Act passed recently, removed restrictions cal 
ling for a minimum three-year course. The M 
Registered Nurses' Association of Britis1- TI 
Columbia helped draft the new program. 
The course will be the first of its kine 
in Canada to offer a common instructior 
to students enrolled both in nursing am 11 
other medical technology options. It i! 
hoped that this will encourage mutual under. 
standing and foster an atmosphere of hanno- 
ny between nursing students and other wor- 
kers in the heal th field. 
Newly appointed director of the nursif1l1 
program is Barbara Blackwood Kozier, R.N., 
B.A., B.S.N., M.N. Mrs. Kozier is c0- 
author of a new textbook Fundamentals oJ 
Patient Care. 
Clinical facilities for the program will bt 
made available through outside hospitals 
Approval-in-principle and a willingness te 
collaborate in the development of the pro 
gram have already been indicated by tW( 
area hospitals, the Burnaby General ane .1 
the Lions Gate. 
Admission of 60 students per year i! 
envisioned, with provision for expansion 


Fluoridation Gets CNA Approval 
The Canadian Nurses' Association ha: 
officially endorsed fluoridation of water a!' 
a public health measure. 
This decision was made by the Board 0 
Directors at their meeting March 16-17 ir 
Ottawa. 


MAY 1967 



news 


The Board based its endorsation on scien- 
ific report
 and studies of medical and 
lublic health authorities in Canada and the 
United States. and recommendations from 
he World Health Organization, the Can- 
Idian and American Medical Associations. 
he U.S. Department of Health, the Can- 
,dian Dental Association, the Health Lea- 
we of Canada, as weIl as commendations 
'rom the faculties of preventative medicine 
)f 75 Canadian and American Universities. 


RPN's Seek Recognition 
in Ontario 
The Psychiatric Nurses' Association of 
)ntario has asked the College of Nurses of 
)ntario to examine the po
sibility of change 
n the provincial Nurses' Act to allow 
)ntario registered nurses of the future to 
lave one of two basic types of training. 
.ach leading to registration: I. a physical.. 
)riented course; 2. a psychosocial-health- 
)riented course. 
This suggestion h,l
 also been submitted 
o the Registered Nurses. Association of 
)ntario. The RNAO has indicated that this 
opic will be discussed at the next RNAO 
Board of Directors meeting. Mr. R. Ewart 
Jrown. vice-president of the PNAO. i
 also 
In RNAO Director. 
The PNAO is also preparing a brief to 
he Committee on the Healing Arts. set up 
mder the Public Enquiries Act of Ontario. 
fhe psychiatric association has already sub- 
nitted a brief to Dr. B. H. McNeel, direc- 
or of psychiatric services for Ontario. 
A general meeting of the psychiatric 
lUrses unanimously passed a resolution that 
he Associaton proceed toward the establish- 
nent of a separate charter, but at the same 
ime. explore every possibility for eventual 
ncorporation under the College of Nurses 
)f Ontario and RNAO. 
At a press conference in late Mdrch. Mrs. 
{.A. Dyson. R.P.N.. PNAO executive se- 
:retary, said that RPNs ask for dual and 

qual registration. Mr. Brown said. "We can 
Iccept nothing less." 


NLN Convention Opens 
In New York This Month 
The National League for Nursing Conven- 
ion in New York will open Monday morn- 
mg. May 8. with a keynote address by 
John S. Millis, Ph. D., president of Western 
Reserve University and Chairman of the 
2itizens Commission on Graduate Medical 
Education. The week-long convention pro- 

ram will feature many other notable fi- 

ures in health and education as it deve- 
lops various facts of the convention theme, 
"Nursing in the Health Revolution." 
A film program featuring a new movie 
premiere and one of the largest educational 


v\AY 1967 
I 


Thermometer Registers Dollars Not Degrees 
.
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A six-foot thermometer helped student nurses at St. Joseph's Hospital. Toronto. 
to raise $115 for a mission run by the Oblate Fathers in the Northwest Territories. 
The Christian Student Nurses club organized the projecl. Convenors Mary Syrotuik 
(center) and Pam Dillon (left) and publicity chairman Pat Evans (right) planned an 
advertising campaign to let staff know of the project and on SI. Valentine's Day set up 
a collection booth decorated with photographs and Eskimo arts and crafts on loan 
from the Department of Northern Affairs. Students constructed the thermometer of 
plastic sheeting. red tape. and a red light bulb. 


exhibit to be staged at a League convention 
are also scheduled. 
The membership will also vote on bylaw 
changes for reorganization of the League 
structure. 
The convention runs from May 8 to 12 
with major sessions at the New York Hilton 
Hotel. The National Student Nurses' Asso- 
ciation Convention, May 4-7, immediately 
precedes the League meeting. 
Each morning of the convention will be 
devoted to general assemblies, with lunch- 
eons, afternoon and evening sessions re- 
served for business meetings and programs 
of special interest groups. 


MARN Responds to Report 
The Manitoba Association of Registered 
Nurses has issued a statement to its mem- 
bers in reply to the Report of the Commit- 
tee on the Supply of Nurses. The Report. 
commis
ioned by the Manitoba Department 
of Health in 1965, was tabled in the Legis- 
lature in January of this year. 


The Reply, prepared by an Ad Hoc 
Committee within the Association, was pu- 
blished in the MARN News Bulletin for 
March. 1967. 
The Association announced that it was 
pleased that several recommendations made 
by MARN to the Committee during its 
investigations were accepted. The Committee 
particularly endorsed the concept of two 
types of nurse practitioners, each with dis- 
tinct roles and functions. 
The Association also endorsed the con- 
cept of a register of nurses as suggested 
in the Report and dedared its support of 
recommendations on several other matters. 
The MARN has asked for more informa- 
tion and clarification of terms of reference 
and functions of a proposed Permanent 
Committee on Nursing, as suggested in the 
Reporl. Other parts of the Report are also 
marked for detailed study and the MARN 
has requested a discussion with the Minister 
of Health on these points. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 13 



news 


New Brunswick Students 
Award Bursary 
Judith McKay, a fourth year nursing 
student at the University of New Brunswick, 
received the $200 bursary awarded annually 
by the New Brun
wick Student Nur
es' As- 
sociation. 
Miss Donna Malcolm, president of 
NBSNA, said that the bursary is awarded to 
a senior student who has been an active 
chapter member. 
The students' association raises the mo- 
ney from fees. Each student in the province 
pays $1.00 per year to NBSNA. 
Miss McKay comes from Florenceville. 
N.B. She has been an active member of 
NBSNA and is, at present, president of the 
nursing society at UNB. 


University of Sherbrooke 
Receives Grant 
Quebec's Minister of Health. Jean-Paul 
CloutIer, has announced a grant of one 
million dollars to the Medical Center of 
the University of Sherbrooke. 
The grant permits the University to 
begin work on a proposed three million 
dollar project. 


Facts about 
Registered 
Nurses in 
Canada 


Male School of Nursing to Close 
The Alexian Brothers Hospital in Chica- 
go will close its famous all male school 
of nursing effective with the graduation 
of the current freshman class in 1969. 
According to Brother Flavian Renaud, 
provincial for the brotherhood, the decision 
is the result of a long and thorough study 
of nursing education undertaken by a 
committee of brothers since 1962. Brother 
Flavian listed six major reasons that 
convinced the committee of the correctness 
of this decision. 
I. A college program offers the educa- 
tion best suited to qualify a man to ac- 
cept leadership roles in nursing. 
2. The brotht:rs recognize the value of 
a coeducational program for men in nur- 
sing. Society is accepting the male nurse 
to a greater extent, and consequently many 
schools are now anxious to admit them. 
3. The congregation has a diminishing 
need for the Alexian School, since the 
majority of brothers attend university pro- 
grams. 
4. Qualified faculty are difficult to ob- 
tain. 
5. The school of nursing is a financial 
burden to the hospital and congregation. 
6. Nursing education in junior college 
programs is low in tuition and provides 
the student with an associate degree. Those 
wishing to advance to a full college degree 
are allowed more credits from a junior 


college program than a diploma program 
Brother Flavian emphasized that tht 
brotherhood will maintain its interest ir 
nursing education. Two of its hospitals an 
already providing clinical facilities to col 
lege and university programs, he said. 


Work Conferences for Teachers 
and Directors of Diploma 
Nursing Programs 
Teachers and directors of nursing pro 
grams who are planning on implementing 
 
two-year curriculum design would find il 
worthwhile to attend a work conference 
conducted by Dr. Mildred Montag and Dr 
Alice Rines, Division of Nursing Education 
Teachers College. Columbia University 
June 5-9 and/or June 12-19. 1967. 
The focus of the conference, June 5-9, is 
on curriculum. The program will include 
philosophy, organization of curricula, selec- 
tion and organization of the content of nurs- 
sing courses. and approaches to teaching 
nursing. 
The content of the conference, June 12- 
16. 1967. will include trends, practices and 
issues in adminstration, assessment of com- 
munity resources, establishing and maintain- 
ing relations with cooperating agencies, and 
utilization of community agencies. Appli- 
cation must be made to the Division of 
Nursing Education by June I, 1967. Enrol- 
ment limited. Registration fee $65.00 for 
each conference. 


Financial Assistance 


Chart shows financial assistance granted to registered nurses for post-basic 
university study, Canada, 1965. National organizations include the Canadian 
Nurses' Foundation, Canadian Red Cross, St. John Ambulance, and Victorian 
Order of Nurses. One province, which granted an additional $54,725, was 
unable to identify the type of program; the money went to 107 nurses 
(60 university diploma/certificate, 46 baccaulareate, 1 master's). 


Type of Program 
Total 
Agency Granting University Post-basic Master's Dodorate 
Financial Assistance Diploma/Certificate Baccalaureate 
Amount Nurses Amount Nurses Amount Nurses Amount Nurses Amount Nurses 
Expended Assisted Expended Assisted Expended Assisted Expended Assisted Expended Assisted 
TOT AL5 $914,601 669 $568,520 449 $271,961 188 $55,150 26 $18,970 6 
National Nursing 101,900 62 52,500 41 12,400 8 23,000 9 14,000 4 
Organizations 
Provincial Nurses 15,600 21 1,500 3 6,900 13 4,200 4 3,000 1 
Associations 
Provincial 797,101 586 514,520 405 252,661 167 27,950 13 1,970 1 
Governments 


14 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Source: Research Unit, Canadian Nurses' Association, 1966. 


MAY 1967 



news 


itudy Investigates 
:;rowth of Quebec Children 
A study on growth undertaken by a Uni- 
ersity of Montreal research body will seek 
:J determine the degree of dental hygiene 
nd the rate of growth of French-Canadian 
hildren as compared with European and 
\merican children. 
The survey is expected to last at least 
"lree years and more than 2,000 Montreal 
hildren - boys and girls from 6 to 16 
ears - will be observed. Each year, the 
hildren will receive a physical, dental and 
nthropometrical examination lasting one- 
,aU day. These tests are free of charge. 
\ dietitian will attempt to determine the 
"lfluence of food habits on the children's 
:rowth. Mrs. Micheline Dubuc, who will 
arry out the study on diets, is convinced 
hat differences exist between eating habits 
.f Quebec school children and those in 
ther provinces and she wonders what 
epercussions this may have on the health 
If future generations. 
While a physician. dentist or anthropo- 
ogist examine the child, the nutritionist will 
liscuss his diet with the mother. Later, 
he three specialists will give advice to the 
'arents. 
The cost of the survey is covered by a 
:rant provided through federal-provincial 
Igreements. 


)upervision: 
:ompromise or Challenge 
Nursing care, nursing education, nursing 
Issignments are becoming more and more 
'omplex. The supervisor's role is the most 
ikely to be affected, but the supervisor 
lerself does not seem to realize the extent 
)f her role in today's and tomorrow's nurs- 
ng care. 


. 


i' 
... 


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Complete physical examinations will be carried out on more than 2,000 Quebec 
school children during a three-year study on growth patterns by the Vniversit}, 
of Montreal Research Center. Both males and females will be obsen'ed. 


These were the remarks of Mr. Roger 
Gosselin, guest speaker at the workshop 
sponsored by the French chapter of ANPQ 
District II. The meeting took place in 
Montreal, March 8. 9 and 10, 1967. Mr. 
Gosselin is director of study and develop- 
ment projects in the Quebec area for Sam- 
son, Bélair, Simpson, Riddell Inc" adminis- 
tration consultants. 
The speaker commented on the role of 
the supervisor as currently described in 
literature. Then he surprised his audience 
with his own definition of this role and 
gave his description of the extensive changes 
it would bring about if adopted. 
Mr. Gosselin maintains that the super- 
visor should no longer be considered simply 
as the person responsible for inservice edu- 
cation and nursing care and as an adminis- 
trative spokesman without any real adminis- 
trative functions. He foresees an extension of 
the supervisor's role on both sides, that is, 
a broadening of responsibilities toward both 



 


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. 


Mr. Jean-Marie Toulouse, psychologist, joins one of the discussion groups 
during the Nursing Supervisors' Workshop sponsored by the ANPQ ÐÙtrict ff 
(Frendo. The workshop took place in Montreal, March 8, 9 and 10, 1967. 
MAY 1967 


authorities and subordinates. The supervisor 
is the middleman to whom the hospital 
hands out long-term objectives. She also 
takes part in the formulation of these ob- 
jectives and points out to the authorities 
modifications brought about by the pa- 
tient's special needs. 
Mr. Gosselin's speech was followed by a 
discussion on the supervisor's present func- 
tions. Mrs. Yolande Belzile-Rochon, super- 
visor at Notre-Dame Hospital, Montreal, 
spoke on "Supervision in hospital environ- 
ment" and she emphasized means of control, 
staffing and work planning. Miss Pierrette 
Lussier, district supervisor at the City of 
Montreal Health Department, described the 
role of the nurse supervisor in public health. 
Miss Rita Dussault, lecturer in the master's 
degree nursing program at University of 
Montreal, suggested "ways of supervising:' 
emphasizing planning of observation visits, 
teaching communication and equipment ins- 
pection. 
Members of the discussion groups suggest- 
ed, among other things, that the title "super- 
visor" be replaced by "senior nurse." They 
also suggested that the nursing service pre- 
pare a working chart to be posted in each 
department so that everyone knows exactly 
to whom he is responsible. 


Ontario Universities Report 
On Health Science Programs 
Ontario universities face a serious shor- 
tage of health sciences teachers and scien- 
tists unless provisions are made quickly 
for postgraduate training of additional man- 
power to meet anticipated increases in en- 
rolment. A Report on Health Sciences ill 
Ontario U"iversities, released by the Com- 
mittee of Presidents of Universities of On- 
tario, estimated that space now being cons- 
tructed at five universities for additional 
teaching and research in the health sciences 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 15 



news 


and their teachmg hospitals. will double 
enrolment in undergraduate medical stu- 
dents. 
In addition, enrolment in dentistry, nurs- 
ing, pharmacy, physiotherapy and occupa- 
tional therapy, speech therapy and public 
health will likely increase from the present 
2.637 undergraduates and graduates to 
4.944 in the next decade. 
The Report estimated that by 1975-76 
Ontario universities would require for their 


total health sciences courses, 1,867 post- 
graduate teachers and scientists - an in- 
crease of 1,10 lover present staff. 
The Report emphasized that university 
construction. stimulated by the federal 
Health Resources Fund of $500 million will 
mean the opening of extensive new facilities 
during the 1969-71 period. 
The Report foresaw difficulty in obtain- 
ing the necessary faculty unless teachers and 
scientists in Canada were encouraged to 
remain in academic work and others encou- 
raged to return to Canada from abroad. 
Also, a more favorable working environ- 
ment should be created for university facul- 
ty members, such as increased facilÎties, ade- 


ONE-STEP PREP 


with 
, . \ FLEET ENEMÞ: 
si1Jgle dose 
) disposable 1l1Jit 
I FLEET ENEMA's fast prep time obsoletes soap and 
water procedures. The enema does not require warm- 
ing. It can be used at room temperature. It avoids the 
ordeal of injecting large quantities of fluid into the 
bowel, and the possibility of water intoxication. 
The patient should preferably be lying on the left side 
with the knees flexed, or in the knee-chest position. 
Once the protective cap has been removed, and the 
prelubricated anatomically correct rectal tube gently 
inserted, simple manual pressure on the container 
does the rest! Care should be taken to ensure that 
the contents of the bowel are completely expelled. Left 
ã
 colon catharsis is normally achieved in two to five 
minutes, with little or no mucosal irritation, pain or 
spasm. If a patient is dehydrated or debilitated, 
hypertonic solutions such as FLEET ENEMA, must 
be administered with caution. Repeated use at short 
intervals is to be avoided. Do not administer to children 
under six months of age unless directed by a physician. 
And afterwards, no scrubbing, no sterilisation, no 
preparation for re-use. The complete FLEET ENEMA 
unit is simply discarded! 
Every special plastic "squeeze-bottle" contains 4 V:z 
fl. oz. of precisely formulated solution, so that the 
adult dose of 4 fl. oz. can be easily expelled. A patented 
diaphragm prevents leakage and reverse flow, as well 
as ensuring a comfortable rate of administration. 
Each J 00 cc. of FLEET ENEMA contains: 
Sodium biphosphate .. 16 gm. 
Sodium phosphate . . . . .. ....... 6 gm. 
For our brochure: "The Enema: Indications and Techniques", 
containing full information, write to: Professional Service 
Deparfment, Charles E. Frosst & Co., P.O. Box 247, 
Montreal 3, P.Q. 



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16 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



 


A QUAUTV PHARMACEUTICALS 
o Ç
B..JíwMt
.
. 
'OI/NOlD IN CANADA IN 1899 


quate grants for conducting re!>earch. and 
opportunities for working with others in the 
field. 
It attached much importance to steps to 
attract and encourage outstanding univer- 
sity graduates to continue in postgraduate 
courses leading to careers in the health 
sciences. 
It placed importance on creation of new 
levels of student aid, both undergraduate 
and graduate in the form of scholarships, 
bursaries and graduate fellowships. 
The Report stated that universities should 
continue to have primary responsibility for 
medicine, dentistry, public health, medical 
social work, clinical psychology, speech 
therapy and audiology, and should also 
provide degree programs for leaders in nurs- 
ing, pharmacy. physiotherapy and occupa- 
tional therapy. 
The Report also stated that responsibility 
for training of large numbers of personnel 
in shorter diploma courses in nursing, phar- 
macy, physiotherapy, occupational therapy 
and dietetics, should rest with the Colleges 
of Applied Arts and Technology and hos- 
pital schools. 
In establishing such priorities, it recom- 
mended a coordinating planning council, 
similar to the newly-formed Ontario Council 
of Health, to prevent duplication of effort 
and provide for close cooperation between 
government, universities, hospitals and the 
various health professions. 


Physical Facilities Readied for 
Saskatchewan Regional School 
Plans for physical facilities for the new 
regional nursing education program to open 
in Saskatoon this coming fa1l are nearly 
completed. The new program, the first in 
Canada to be established under a depart- 
ment of education rather than a health 
department, will open its doors to about 
250 students in September. 
The nursing program will be given at the 
Saskatchewan Institute of Applied Arts and 
Sciences. Classes eventually will be held in 
a new tower to be built on the Institute 
grounds. At present, ho'Wever, the facilities 
of SI. Andrews College on the University 
Campus and additional facilities at the Sas- 
katchewan Institute of Applied Arts and 
Sciences will be used temporarily to house 
both classroom activities and office space 
for teachers. The central library will be si- 
tuated at the Institute while a resource li- 
brary for behavioral sciences will be avail- 
able at SI. Andrews College \\here most of 
the behaviornl science classes will be given. 
Sister Thérèse Castonguay, s.g.m., super- 
intendent for the nursing education division 
of the department of education, reports that 
plans for the new tower at the Saskatche- 
wan Institute are completed and the work 
is moving ahead almost on schedule. The 
new tower will cover 45,000 square feet 
and will have six floors. Two of these 


MAY 1967 



news 


loor
 will be used for classroom and office 
pace for the school of nursing. One theatre 
f :!OO seats and two theatres of 100 s::ats 
;ill be available, eight classrooms of 35 

ats, four nursing labs of 24 seats, two de- 
nonstration and practice units of 8 beds 
;me which will be equipped with modern 
'lOnitoring devices), three seminars of 24 
hairs and six seminars of 12 chairs, plus 
study room of approximately 75 individual 
arrels will complete the educational faci- 
ities available on these two floors. Some 
Inassigned space will provide for funher 
xtension. 
The admini
trative and office space will 
'rovide for 24 single offices and 16 double 
Iffices, plus one lecturer's office with four 
lesks. There is also a student lounge and a 
acuity lounge available on these floors. 

entral facilities in the tower will provide 
'or library accommodation, general admi- 
li
tration offices, auditorium, cafeteria, 
ounge and closed circuit TV facilities. 
It is expected that this new tower will 
Je completed on time to admit the second 
;Ia

 in September. 1968. There is no plan 
o move in the middle of the year, even 
f facilities were available, as this would 
'ause unnecessary disruption in the pro- 

ram. 


Living accommodation will be the respon- 
sibility of the students, and housing registry 
will be available in the general administra- 
tion of the Institute for students who wish 
to have assistance in locating suitable living 
accommodation. 


Intensive Care Nursing Course- 
Three major hospitals in Victoria, B.C. - 
Royal Jubilee, St. Joseph's and the Veteran's 
Hospitals - combined in planning and im- 
plementing an eight-day course in January 
for nurses in general surgical and medical 
intensive care units. and coronary care 
units. 
The B.C. Hospital Insurance Service un- 
derwrote much of the expense, enabling 
nurses in these units to be relieved for the 
duration of their course. Thirty doctors, 
several nurses, and other specialists shared 
in the teaching. Many nurses, in addition 
to those employed in the intensive care units, 
attended pans of the course in their own 
time; ten nurses came from '"Up-Island" 
hospitals. A total of 69 to 98 nurses attend- 
ed these lectures and demonstrations daily. 
Four days of the course emphasized newer 
concepts in medical and nursing care of 
acutely-ill patients, whether following sur- 
gery or not; and four days were assigned 
to introduce the need for and objectives of 
specialized coronary care units, and care 
of the patients in such units. The use of 
cardiac monitoring equipment, pace-makers 


and defibrillators, and the '"basics" of inter- 
pretion of electrocardiograms were explain- 
ed and demonstrated. Future drills in the 
coronary care units were planned, as it was 
recognized that only an introduction to 
these skills could be made in these four 
days. 
Nurses, doctors and hospital administra- 
tive personnel were enthusiastic about the 
course. Many stated it had given them a 
new awareness of the extent of knowledge 
and skills expected of nurses in these spe- 
cialized units and a greater appreciation of 
what can be accomplished by the united 
endeavors of three hospitals in planning 
for staff teaching. 


New Hospital 
to Treat Addictions 
"We want the staff to feel as if it is an 
exclusive club," said Dr. Gordon Bell. 
Executive Director of the new Donwood 
Foundation Limited, Toronto, which admit- 
ted its first patient Monday, February 27th. 
The staff for the new 50-bed hospital is 
from the Bell Clinic, which Dr. Bell pri- 
vately owned and operated for 20 years pre- 
viously. 
The Donwood Foundation Limited is a 
non-profit, special public hospital with Mrs. 
Mary Epp, director of nursing. II was 
built to treat addictions of all kinds - to 
food, drugs, tobacco and alcohol. 
A feature at Donwood will be the per- 


MOVING? 


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ð 

 


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should be accompanied by our most recent 
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OTHER ADJUSTMENT REQUESTED: 


MAY 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 17 



RPR!!!


Jb' I 
J,. 
ANN COHN. L.P. N. 
tI.\SS "


\m;sE 
OLBROOK 


[ 


'OR. JO\-\N OE N" 
,J RES\ 
Ë I LSON. R. N. 
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r tARS. 
PER\J\SOR 


largesl lelling among nursesl Superb lifellme qua. 
lify . .. lmoolh rounded edges... feathe<Weighl. 
liel flal... deeply engraved. and lacquered. Snow- 
white plastic will not yellow. Sotisfoetion guaran. 
teed. GROUP DISCOUNTS. .. write for full color 
order envelope51 group prices. 
SMART IDEA: Order 2 identical (10.... nama) Pinl 
at discount price., as precaution agoinst Iou and 
added convenience 
(lMI changing). 


With 1 hne With 2 lines 
leUennl lettfunl 


510 s.,n sa....hitt 
,llSlil; ...., ,.IIN Ir 
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1 Pm only .60 .90 
2 Identlnl 1.00 1.60 
1 Pm only 1.25 1.55 
2 l(Jenhcal 2.00 2.60 


100 WIIItI ,IMlie. I.... 
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motif... or Solid Black (no gold) 


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IMPORTANT ORDERING INFORMATION 
Due to the difference In the rate of exchange, 
extra postage, and additional costs in transfer 
of funds, it IS necessary for us to add a special 
Handling Charge of 25c on all orders from Canada 
amounting to less than $5.00. 
TO: REEVES COMPANY, Atlleboro, Mass. 02703 U.S.A. 


STYLE DESIRED: No. a. shown above. 
METAL FINISH (169 or 100) Gold 0 Silv.r 0 
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Please send 0 1 Pin 0 2 Pins (same name) 


LETTERING: 


2nd Line, 

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Please send 0 1 Pin 0 2 PIns (sa"", name) 


LETTERING: . 
2nd line: 


Please send seto Cap-Taco (6 per set) 
o Black 0 Dk. Blue 0 Clear 0 Solid Black 


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plus 25c Handling Charge 


Send to 


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NOTE: Order for 1. 2 or 3 persons on above 
coupon. _ . use extra sheet for more. 


18 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


news 


sonal almosphere. Dr. Bell plans to divide 
patients into groups of 10 for therapy. He 
also intends to have monthly conferences 
for all staff members - chefs, waitresses, 
cleaning women, etc. This will enable every- 
one coming into contact with the patients to 
play a part in their care. 


No. 
169 


8uilding Program At UN8 
The University of New Brunswick has 
awarded an $862,000 contract for construc- 
tion of superstructure on the School of 
Nursing Building. 
The new School of Nursing Building will 
contain, among other facilities, a 400-seat 
auditorium, a multi-purpose education wing, 
a nursing arts laboratory, a circular de- 
monstration theatre, teaching rooms, and 
office accomodation for about 60 facuIty 
members. 
The school's basement has already been 
completed and furnished at a cost of 
$270.000. Lectures are presently being held 
in several classrooms of the basement. 
The total cost of the building and furnish- 
ings is estimated to be $1,325,000 of which 
a grant covering 75 percent of the cost is 
expected shortly from the Federal Depart- 
ment of Health and Resources. The remain- 
ing 25 percent or $331,250 will be raised 
by the university. 
Construction of the superstructure is ex- 
pected to begin in mid-April and be com- 
pleted by December 31. 
Ninety-one students are presen<ly enrol- 
led in the four-year bachelor of nursing 
program, with six more students enrolled 
in the registered nursing degree program. 


Male Nurses Gain 
Recognition 
There Is a Place for Mell ill the Nursillg 
World according to the Ontario Hospital As- 
sociation. That is the title of a new pam- 
phlet soon to be distributed by the Asso- 
ciation to high schools right acros
the pro- 
vince. 
This move to encourage bright young 
men to consider nursing as a career follows 
a resolution by the hospital association 
urging effort
 to promote higher recruit- 
ment of males into this vital area of hospital 
work. 
Although the last century has seen the 
development of nursing as a predominately 
female profession, it was not always so. 
During the early Christian era and even to 
the middle of the last century, men be!ong- 
ing to brotherhoods and religious orders a
- 
sumed nursing duties. Members of the bro- 
therhood of Parabolini in the third cen- 
tury. SI. Basil's Monks in the sixth century, 
(he order of SI. John and the Teutonic 
Knights during the crusades, and the congre- 


PROVINCE OF ALBERT A 



 


EMPLOYMENT 
OPPORTUNITIES 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES 


Preference given to nurses with 
experience in Psychiatric Nursing. 
Salary: $360 - $455 per month, 
depending on qualifications and 
experience. 
Benefits - Civil Service holiday, 
sick leave and pension benefits. 
Positions available in various 
Active Treatment, Retarded Adult, 
Retarded Juvenile, Geriatric and 
Continued Treatment Mental Hos- 
pitals. 


For details and application 
forms write or apply to: 
The Director of Mental Health, 
304 Administration Building r 
Edmonton, Alberta. 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 
WOODSTOCK 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO 


Will require 


TEACHERS - AUGUST, 1967 


For the approved two year cur- 
riculum with a third year of ex- 
perience in nursing service. (50 
students enrolled annually) 
Qualifications: University prepa- 
ration in Nursing Education or 
Public Health. 
Salary: Commensurate with ex- 
perience and education. 


Apply to: 


The DirectorrSchool of Nursing, 
WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Woodstock r Ontario. 


MAY 1967 



news 


gation of Alexian Brothers. in existence 

ince the 14th century. cared for the sick 
and wounded. 
In pointing out the challenge, satisfaction 
and rewards awaiting men who choose a 
nursing career. the OHA pamphlet asks 
high school students 
ome basic questions: 
. Do you enjoy working with people and 
giving assistance in time of need? This is the 
prime consideration of anyone going into 
this profession. 
. Are you a good student? Modem nursing 
needs people who have the capacity to learn 
new techniques and methods in order to 
keep up with this rapidly expanding field. 
Modern nursing is a continuous learning 
process. 
. Are you able to accept responsibility? 
This is important because the nurse is 
responsible for life - the life of his pa- 
tient. 
. Do you have an interest in scientific sub- 
jects? As a member of the paramedical team. 
the nurse finds himself more and more 
involved in scientific and electronic ap- 
proaches to patient care. 
. Do you desire a career with ample op- 
portunity for advancement? Nursing these 
days offers better salaries than ever for 
general duty staff and in Ontario have been 
advancing every year by from 7 to 10 per- 
cent. And more and more higher-paid admi- 
nistrative, supervisory and teaching positions. 
suitable for men. are opening in the expan- 
ding hospital field. 
Last year, for instance, a male registered 
nurse became the first to be appointed ad- 
ministrator of a hospital. Several hospitals 
now have men as directors of nursing. One 
big reason is the extra stability which they 
bring to a profession that has always been 
at the mercy of marriage and motherhood 
Although many married women return to 
nursing after their children have grown up. 
there is a need for a constant supply of 
life-time career nurses. 
Since 1963. there has been a 40 percent 
increase in the number of male nursing 
students throughout Ontario. The total fi- 
gure. however, is still small. About 80 men 
were studying for their Registered Nurse 
diplomas this past year in 20 hospital nurs- 
ing schools. Another 24 schools say they 
are prepared to consider admitting men as 
candidates. 


SRNA Responds to Ad 
Hoc Committee Report 
The Saskdtchewan Registered Nurses' As- 
sociation has issued statements on the Re- 
commendations of the Ad Hoc Committee 
on Nursing Education issued in August, 
1966. The committee was called by the Sas- 
katchewan Department of Public Health: 


MAY 1967 


!\IT. Justice Walter A. Tucker was chair- 
man. The responses are based on SRNA 
policies and objectives, and have been ap- 
proved by the Council of the Association. 
Generally. the Association approves the 
underlying principles inherent in all the 
recommendations. "Most of the recommen- 
dations were a reiteration of those made by 
the SRNA in a Brief to this Committee," 
says Linda Long, SRNA advisor to schools 
of nursing. 
There is evidence to indicate that the gen- 
eral m
mbership want diploma nursing edu- 
cation included in post-secondary education 
program developments, such as community 


or junior colleges, and not technical insti- 
tutes," adds Miss Long. "Also, they express 
the need to take time for the transfer of 
hospital diploma nursing education pro- 
grams to regional educational institutions. 
This, they feel, is vital to ensure a satis- 
factory development and, more important, 
it is essential for protection of the patient 
whom We as nurses serve during this transi- 
tion stage. 
"The general membership have sought as- 
surance that the Saskatchewan Registered 
Nurses' Association will maintain mini- 
mum professional standard setting and their 
method of enforcement," she says. 0 


When they ask about 
Family Planning... 


The interested nurse will want to be of help. 
One way is to provide them with a copy of the new, 
informative booklet "An Introduction to Family Planning" 
This booklet uses clear diagrams and understandable 
copy to explain how conception takes place, and 
the various methods available for family planning. 
You may wish to use the coupon below to obtain 
a copy of this booklet. Additional copies are available 
on request. 


Miss E. Dawson, R.N., 
Department of Educational Services, 
Ortho Pharmaceutical (Canada) Ltd.. 
19 Green Belt Drive, 
Don Mills. Ontario. 


Miss Dawson: Please send copies of the free booklet 
"An Introduction to Family Planning" 


R.N. 


Address 


City 


Provo 


Devoted to Research ;n Family Plann;nR 


I 
I 
L_______________________ 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 19 



, 
" 
\ 


, 


, 


A 


, 


\, 
, 


\, 


ew 
Elastoplas.t
 
plastic net .fj
1111 
'- 
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" 


prevents adherence of 
granulation tissue... speeds healing. 


This is Elastoplast . . . with a 
difference. The pattern you see, 
much enlarged, is a new plastic 
net film that separates the med- 
icated pad from the wound. 
Granulation tissue won't adhere, 
so it's easily removed without 
discomfort to the patient. At 
the same time, this porous net 
keeps the wound dry by allow- 
ing moisture and skin exudates 


to pass through to the underly- 
ing pad. Wounds heal naturally 
because Elastoplast is a truly 
porous dressing. 
Available in all widths-l Yz", 
2Yz" and 3", in I yard and 5 
yard packs, or in metal dispens- 
ing stand. 
Elastoplast . . . makes the 
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Nn PAD 


o 
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DRESSING STRIP 
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20 THE CANADIAN NURSE MAY 1967 



names 


The new director of 
the School of Nurs- 
ing, Misericordia Gen- 
eral Hospital, Win- 
nipeg. Manitoba, is 
Ona Gebhard, a native 
of Edmonton, Alber- 
ta. Mrs. Gebhard 
graduated from Royal 
Jubilee H 0 s pit a 1 
School of Nursing, Victoria, British Col- 
umbia, and has since earned a certificate 
in public health from the University of 
British Columbia, a Bachelor of Nursing 
degree from the University of Manitoba, 
and, recently, an M.S. degree (major in 
psychiatric nursing) from the University 
of Minnesota. 


- 
- 


Mrs. Gebhard has worked as staff nurse 
with Tranquille Sanatorium, Tranquille, 
B.C., with the Metropolitan Health Com- 
mittee, Vancouver, and with the Provincial 
Department of Health in Manitoba. From 
1958 to 1963, she was student health dir- 
ector at Misericordia School of Nursing 
and the following year, instructor in psy- 
chiatric nursing. Following this she attended 
the University of Minnesota. 
Mrs. Gebhard has worked on various 
committees with the Manitoba Association 
of Registered Nurses. including the nursing 
service and nursing education committees. 


- 


Kathleen DeMarsh, 
who is pre s e n t 1 Y 
studying for her M. 
Sc.N. in administra- 
tion at the University 
of Western Ontario 
London, has been 
appointed director of 
nursing service at 
the Winnipeg General 
assume her new position 


Hospítal. She will 
on July I, 1967. 
Miss DeMarsh, a graduate of the school 
of nursing of Saskatoon City Hospital, re- 
ceived her certificate in teaching and super- 
vision from the school of nursing of the 
University of Toronto in 1943. From 1951 
to 1954 she attended Victoria College of the 
University of Toro'lto where she obtained 
her B.A. She is presently studying on a 
Canadian Nurses' Foundation Scholarship. 


Miss DeMarsh has held supervisory posi- 
tions with Saskatoon City Hospital and was 
director of the school of nursing at Brant- 
ford General Hospital, Brantford. Ontario, 
from 1943 to 1946. 1 he next two years 


MAY 1967 


were spent in outpost nursing with the 
Canadian Red Cross Society in New Bruns- 
wick. Following this she was on a special 
assignement for the Red Cross. rewriting the 
Red Cross Home Nursing Manual. She has 
held various other positions with the 
Society including assistant national director 
of nursing services at the National Head- 
quarters in Toronto. 
Previous to enrolling at Western, Miss 
DeMarsh spent five years as assistant dir- 
ector of nursing education at the Atkinson 
School of Nursing, Toronto Western Hos- 
pital. 


Jeanne d' Arc Pa- 
quet has recently 
been appointed dir- 
ector of nursing at 
the new Pierre Janet 
Psychiatric Hospital 
I / in Hull, Quebec. A 
V graduate of the school 
of nursing of Saint- 
Jean-de-Dieu in Mont- 
real, Miss Paquet completed a postgraduate 
course in psychiatric nursing at the Uni- 
versity of Montreal in 1955, and in 1963 
she received a certificate in nursing edu- 
cation from L'institut Marguerite d'You- 
ville, Montreal. 
Since then she has undertaken special 
studies in business administration, religious 
sCience and philosophy, advanced studies 
in group dynamics, and hospital adminis- 
tration. 
Before her present appointment, Miss 
Paquet spent four years as a head nurse at 
Saint-Jean-de-Dieu Hospital in the psychi- 
atric research section and five years as 
head nurse in medicine and surgery at 
Sacred Heart Hospital, Hull. She was dir- 
ector of studies for the affiliation programs 
at Saint-Jean-de-Dieu for four years, dur- 
ing which time she organized and directed 
the studies' program of the postgraduate 
course in psychiatry. 


, 


Marlene Caldwell, 
a 1952 graduate of 
the school of nursing 
of Grace Hospital, 
Winnipeg, was re- 
cently appointed reg- 
istrar of the Mani- 
toba Association of 
Registered N u r s e s. 
Mrs. Caldwell has 
had general duty ex- 


.- 


" 


perience at the Hamiota General Hospital, 
Hamiota, Manitoba, and has also had clin- 
ical experience in psychiatry at the Win- 
nipeg General Hospital. Previous to her 
appointment with the MARN, Mrs. Cald- 
well spent a year as an "instructor in the 
inservice education department of the 
Winnipeg General. 


Margaret McLean, 
consultant in hospital 
nursing for the De- 
partment of National 
Health and Welfare. 
returned recently from 
her first trip to the 
Middle East where 
she acted as special 
consultant at a lO-day 
seminar on "Development of the Clinical 
Services for Nursing Education." 
Fourteen Middle Eastern countries, each 
represented by two persons - one from 
nursing service and one from nursing educa- 
tion - participated in the seminar. which 
was planned by a regional panel of nurses 
and the World Health Organization, with 
Miss McLean on loan as special consultant. 
Her job was to analyze the problems of 
the participating countries and to summar- 
ize the decisions made. Objective of the 
seminar was to improve nursing service in 
the clinical areas of the Middle East - in 
hospital nursing service and public health 
fields. At present. a few of these countries 
have university 
chools of nursing and some 
are working to improve their diploma 
schools. 
Miss McLean's report on the seminar, to 
be published by WHO, includes the recom- 
mendations made at the seminar that a 
study and evaluation of nursing needs and 
resources be conducted, that a practical 
program of staff education be inaugurated, 
and that those countries with similar needs 
and problems work together. 
"The commitment of a few prepared 
nursing personnel in the countries. in spite 
of fewer qualified people and less adequate 
facilities, supplies and equipment espe- 
cially impressed me," said Miss McLean. 


- 


. 


.. 


Freda L. Paltiel recently joined the 
staff of the Department of National 
Health and Welfare as senior research of- 
ficer for the Rehabilitation and Chronic 
Diseases Unit of the Health Research Div- 
ision. Mrs. Paltiel has a broad background 
in research in health and social welfare 
subjects. In 1964 she served as research 
associate with the Royal Commission on 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 21 



New Mosby texts to help today.s students 
develop the in-depth understanding 
that will be demanded of tomorrow.s nurses 


Fig. 11..10. Dry steril. dr.ssings. A, a sterile disposable glove offers pro- 
tection during removal of contaminated dressing. B, soiled dressing and 
glove are discarded. C, wound is cleansed with sterile materials. D, 
method of opening individually packaged dressing. E, dressing is removed 
f,om wrapper with steril. forceps. F, dressing being applied with steril. 
forcepl. G, completed dressing. 


A New Book! 


A New Book! 


Dison 


AN ATLAS OF 
NURSINC TECHNIQUES 


Here is a unique contribution to the field of nursing literature 
- an outstanding pictorial presentation that specifically ex- 
plains and describes basic nursing techniques. Emphasis is 
placed on the principles, purposes and nursing action, thereby 
allowing adaptation and modification by the student under 
varying situations. 
The original step-by-step illustrations drawn specifically for 
this atlas show the techniques as the nurse would view them. 
The reasons and guiding principles for selecting these tech- 
niques are clearly explained. "How-to" illustrations compliment 
the "why" explanations and guide your students through nurs- 
ing procedures involved in medical-surgical nursing. Among 
the vital topics demonstrated are the nurse's actions in emergency 
situations; ventilation; administration of drugs; topical medi- 
cation and intravenous fluid therapy. Current methods and 
techniques for elimination, drainage and suction are among 
the many important topics chosen for illustrated study. 
This is the only text which provides detailed descriptions of 
venipuncture with Jelco I.V. Catheter Placement Unit and the 
step-by-step use of the Bird Respirator and Bennett Therapy 
Unit. The unique visual format of this new text enhances and 
accelerates student learning. This text is an ideal supplement 
to your courses in "Medical-Surgical Nursing", "Fundamen- 
tals", and other specialty courses. 


By NORMA GREENLER DISON, R.N., B.A., Clinical Instructor, Medical-Surgical 
Nursing, Saint Mary', School of Nursing, Rochester, Minn. Publication date: 
April 1967. 258 pages, 7" x 10", 113 illustrations. Price, $8.60. 


LEARNINC MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY STEP-BY-STEP 


Young-Barger 


This outstanding new manual introduces a unique three Jtep 
method of mastering medical terminology, enabling your stu- 
dents to apply this knowledge to their daily studies and all 
medical specialities. Step olle breaks down medical terms into 
their components, permitting immediate recognition. In Jtep 
two she learns basic anatomy and physiology of body 
systems and in .rtep three is taught the names of major dis- 
eases, plus terms used in physical examination and diagnosis. 
A time-saving alphabetized list of common abbreviations, sam- 


A New Book! 


pie forms and information necessary for processing medical 
reports are additional helpful teaching aids included in this 
new text. A complimentary instructor's manual proviCing sam- 
ple curricula, supplemental lecture material and teaching tips 
will be furnished instructors adopting this new manual. 


By CLARA GENE YOUNG, Retired Technical Editor and Writer (Medical), 
U.S Civil Service and; JAMES D. BARGER, M.D., (F.A.C.P.) Pathologist, Las 
Vegas, Nevada. Publication date: May, 1967. Approx. 220 pages, 7" x 10", 
39 illustrations. About $5.85. 


TEXTBOOK FOR PSYCHIATRIC TECHNICIANS 


McClelland 


Emphasizing the thcrupewic function of the psychiatric tech- 
nician, this comprehensive new text provides your student with 
the skills, knowledge and attitudes necessary for the most ef- 
fective care of his patient. This easy-to-understand new text 
defines the technician's role, job duties and responsibilities as 
a vital member of the mental health team. The importance of 
interpersonal relationships to therapeutic functioning is under- 

cored with emphasis on prevention, early detection, treatment 
and rehabilitation of the mentally ill. An in-depth study is 


made of patterns of behavior and management including physi- 
cal and emotional nursing approaches and measures. Questions 
for discussion, a vocabulary review and summary are helpful 
additions to each chapter. 


By LUCILLE HUDLIN McCLELLAND, R.N., B.S.N., M.S.N.E., Ph.D., Psy. 
chiatric Nursing Consultant for Psychiatric Consultant Team sponsored by 
Department of Menta' Health, State of Illinois, Institute of Psychoanalysis, 
Chicago, Illinois. Publication date: July, 1967. Approx. 270 pages, 61/
" x 
91/
", 32 illustrations. About $7.20 


THE C. V. MOSBY COMPANY, LTD. 
 Publishers 
86 NOtthline Road. Toronto 16, Ontario 
 


22 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


MAY 1967 



Health Services .LOd in the following year. 
contributed the chapter on Research in 
Aging to the Report of the Senate Com- 
mittee on Aging. She has recently com- 
pleted assignments on behalf of the Can- 
adian Welfare Council and also has parti- 
cipated in the Victorian Order of Nurses 
Home Care Plan of Ottawa as medical 
,ocial work consultant. 
In connection with her new duties to 
carry out research and related activities 
on rehabilitation and chronic disease pro- 
grams, Mrs. Paltiel is especially interested 
in the work of the official and voluntary 
agencies in Canada that are active in direct 
service programs as well as in health educ- 
ation and research in this field. 


Maude Irene Dolphin, former director 
of nursing at Nanaimo Regional General 
Hospital. Nanaimo. British Columbia. has 
been appointed assistant professor, admin- 
istration, at the school of nursing of the 
University of Toronto. Miss Dolphin is a 
1944 graduate of the Royal Victoria Hos- 
pital School of Nursing, Montreal. She 
also holds a bachelor of nursing degree 
from McGill University and a master of 
nursing from the University of Washington, 
Seattle. 
Miss Dolphin has gained a variety of 
experience throughout her nursing career. 
Following graduation she spent two years 
as a supervisor at the Alexandra Hospital, 
Montreal. Following this she worked as a 
head nurse at Royal Victoria Hospital, 
Montreal, and as an instructor at the Van- 
couver General Hospital, Vancouver, British 
Columbia. From 1953 to 1959, she served 
as nurse educator in Pakistan. Syria, and 
Mauritius with the World Health Organi- 
zation. On her return to Canada she be- 
came a public health staff nurse with the 
provincial public health department in 
Nanaimo. 
Miss Dolphin has been with the Uni- 
versity of Toronto since November, 1966. 


Barbara Blackwood 
Kozier has been nam- 
ed director of the new 
nursing program 
scheduled to begin at 
... the British Columbia 
Institute of Technolo- 
gy this September. 
... Mrs. Koziel', at pre. 
sent on leave from 
her doctoral study, holds several degrees, 
including her B.A. and B.S.N., from the 
University of British Columbia and her 
M.N. with a major in administration of 
schools of nursing from the University of 
Washington. She also attended the Univers- 
ity of Washington College of Education as 
a doctoral candidate and obtained additional 
preparation in medical-surgical nursing. 
Mrs. Koziel', an author of several art- 
icles and a recently published textbook on 
MAY 1967 


patient c:lre. has worked as a staff nurse. 
an instructor, .and a teaching assistant. Her 
first position was with the Vancouver 
Branch of the Victorian Order of Nurses 
and from there she went to the R.W. 
Large Memorial Hospital. Bella Bella. B.C., 
and The Vancouver General Hospital. 
Mrs. Koziel' has always been active in 
professional associations including the Can- 
adian Federation of University Women and 
several alumnae associations. 


the National Childbirth Trust. The semindrs 
will consist of an intensive course on the 
French approach to preparation for child- 
birth - the psychoprophylactic method, and 
will include lectures, discussions, films and 
slides. 
Mrs. Wright studied the psychoprophyl- 
actic approach of Dr. Pierre Vellay who 
worked witll the late Dr. Fernand Lamaze, 
and has adapted his technique for English 
use. The method has been used success- 
fully for the last seven years. 
Mrs. Wright is also author of the book 
The New Childbirth, which has been pub- 
lished recently in North America. 0 


Erna Wright, tutor-in-charge of antenatal 
training at Charing Cross Hospital, London, 
England. will be conducting seminars for 


HOLLISTER, MAR Y 
#23/7 Dr. Bowma'1 


"f'"/NTAKE & OUTPUT 
--- 


t 'i HOLD BREAKFAST I 


or 


!-
 


/ 


LOOKING 


FOR SURGERY 


00 


the reading is easy 
with a 


. 
LINE-a-VISION 


sign by Hollister 


Designed to direct patient care reminders to eye level, the 
Line-O- Vision Sign is easy to see, whether it's placed high on a 
wall or door, or low on a bed. Signs are available with any number 
of slots, from one to five. One of these holds the patient's name, 
and the others are used for Reminder Cards which concern the 
patient's care. Each slot has a clear covering to protect its card 
from dust, damage or tampering. More than 120 printed Reminder 
Card titles, in a variety of bright colors, cover most patient care 
situations. This sturdy sign is made of a tough synthetic that will 
never chip, crack or discolor. In attractive beige, the Line-O- Vision 
Sign is a handsome addition to any patient care facility. 
Writ. for a copy of the new full-color Llne-O-V'.'on Information Iflt. 


fJ:


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THE CANADIAN NURSE 23 



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MA. Y 1967 



dates 


May 6, 1967 
Estevan Nurses Chapter of the 
Saskatchewan Association of 
Registered Nurses, 21 st Anniversary 
and Reunion. 
Would former members please write 
to Mrs. J. M. Budd, 1025 Valley Street, 
Estevan, Saskatchewan. 
May 8-9, 1967 
Thirteenth Annual Meeting of the 
Association of Registered Nurses 
of Newfoundland. To be held in 
Grand Falls, Newfoundland, with 
guest speaker, Mrs. Huguette labelle, 
Associate Director of Nursing 
Education, Ottawa General Hospital 
School of Nursing. 
May 16-19, 1967 
Alberta Association of Registered 
Nurses, Annual Meeting, 
Chateau lacombe, 
Edmonton, Alberta. 
May 19-21, 1967 
60th Anniversary Reunion of the 
Royal Inland Hospital School of 
Nursing, Kamloops, B.C. 
For further information write: 
Mrs. Sylvia lum, Suite "C", 
248 Victoria St., Kamloops, B.C. 
May 24-26, 1967 
Saskatchewan Registered Nurses 
Association Annual Meeting, 
Saskatoon. 
May 25-27, 1967 
and 
May 28-30, 1967 
National Childbirth Trust Seminar, 
'The Psychoprophylactic Method," 
Dunbar Community Center, 
Vancouver, B.C. Guest Speaker: 
Erna Wright. For information, 
application forms and costs, write: 
Mrs. R. Brodie, Area Secretary, NCT, 
3919 West 19th Ave., Vancouver 8, 
British Columbia. 
May 29-30, 1967 
Nova Scotia Operating Room Nurses' 
Conference. To be held at the 
Victoria General Hospital, Halifax. 
May 31-June 2,1967 
Registered Nurses' Association of 
Nova Scotia Annual Meeting, 
Sydney, N.S. 
May 31-June 2, 1967 
Registered Nurses' Association of 
British Columbia Annual Meeting, 
Bayshore Inn, Vancouver, B.C. 
May 31-June 2, 1967 
New Brunswick Association of 
Registered Nurses Annual Meeting, 
The Playhouse, Fredericton. 
MAY 1967 


June 4-16, 1967 
A residential summer course on 
Alcohol and Problems of Addiction. 
University of Windsor, in association 
with Addiction Research Foundation 
of Ontario. Enrolment limited to 80. 
Direct enquiries to: Director, Summer 
Course, Addiction Research 
Foundation, 344 Bloor St. West, 
Toronto 4, Ontario. 


June and July, 1967 
The School of Hygiene, University of 
Toronto will conduct an 8-week course 
in Advanced Study of Health Services 
Organization and Administration. 
Pre-requisite qualifications - 
A baccalaureate degree or equivalent. 
Preference to be given to candidates 
with considerable administrative 
experience in a health service 
program. Fees: $200. Registration 
limited. Further information from: 
Course Director, Professor F.B. Roth, 
School of Hygiene, University of 
Toronto. Requests for application 
forms to: Dr. D. L. Maclean, 
Secretary, School of Hygiene, 
University of Toronto. 
June 7, 1967 
Manitoba Operating Room Study 
Group, one-day symposium, to be 
held in conjunction with the Manitoba 
Hospital Association Conference 
and the Western Hospital Institute 
at the Royal Alexander Hotel, 
Winnipeg, Manitoba. 
Theme: What's New? 


June 8-9, 1967 
Manitoba Association of Registered 
Nurses, Annual Meeting, Royal 
Alexander Hotel, Winnipeg. 
June 24, 1967 
St. Joseph's Hospital School of 
Nursing, Toronto, Centennial Reunion. 
Any graduates who do not receive 
alumnae newsletters, please send 
name and address to: St. Joseph's 
Hospital School of Nursing Alumnae, 
30 The Queensway, Toronto 3, 
Ontario. 


July 5-8, 1967 
Congress on Mental Health. 
Sponsored by the Canadian Mental 
Health Association. To be held at 
le Château Champlain, Montreal. 
Theme: Man and His Mind. 
November 16-17, 1967 
Association of Nurses of the 
Province of Quebec, Annual Meeting 
Château Frontenac, Québec City. 


NEW FOR HOSPITALS 


the 
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::: -",,., 
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. ...' 
I ..... 
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'" 


When the contents of the enve- 
lope are completely sterilized by 
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 25 



New Edition Ready June 
Bookmiller, Bowen & Carpenter: 
OBSTETRICS AND 
OBSTETRIC NURSING 
By Mae M. Bookmiller, R.N., and 
George Loveridge Bowen, A.B., 
M.D., formerly of N.Y.U. School of 
Medicine and Bellevue Hospital, and 
Dolores Carpenter, R.N., B.S., M.A., 
Bellevue and Mills Schools of Nurs- 
ing. 
In the completely updated New (5th) 
Edition, this highly respected text- 
book of obstetric nursing retains its 
notably clear, complete, and gra- 
phic presentation while incorporat- 
ing new information on such topics 
of current interest as amniocentesis, 
intrauterine transfusion, the post- 
maturity syndrome, placental insuf- 
ficiency, and chromosomal abnor- 
maities. The history and fundamen- 
tals of obstetrics are presented first, 
followed by a detailed description 
of nursing care during normal labor 
and delivery and the puerperium. 
Then the possible complications of 
each period are discussed and the 
nursing requirements of the neonate 
are described. Over 350 illustrations 
illuminate the text, self-examination 
questions are given for each chapter, 
and a comprehensive glossary is in- 
cluded. 
About 650 pp., iIIust. About $9.25. 


1967 7e
t4 


pit 


New! Ready April 
Kozier & Du Gas: 
FUNDAMENTALS OF 
PATIENT CARE 
By Barbara Blackwood Kozier, 
R.N., B.A., B.S.N., M.N., B.C. In- 
stitute of Technology, and Beverly 
Witter Du Gas, R.N., B.A., M.N., 
formerly of Vancouver General 
Hospital School of Nursing. 
This entirely new text in nursing 
fundamentals falls precisely in Jine 
with current teaching concepts, and 
is id
ally suited to either the diplo- 
ma or the baccalaureate program. 
The approach is patient-centered 
throughout, with emphasis on fun- 
damentals rather than techniques, 
thus giving the student a firm foun- 
dation for understanding the pro- 
cedures she will learn in her clinical 
training. The book is divided into 
three major sections: 1) history and 
fundamentals of nursing; 2) needs 
common to all patients, such as 
safety, hygiene, and nutrition; and 
3) specific needs of patients with 
certain types of disorders (e.g. res- 
piratory problems, fever, pain). The 
problem-solving approach is stres- 
sed, with typical "study situations" 
presented for review at the end of 
each chapter. Chapter outlines, vo- 
cabulary lists, bibliographies, and a 
comprehensive glossary augment the 
usefulness of this welcome text. 


386 pp., 


illust. 


About $7.00 



't4e4 


New! Ready May 


Dienhart: 
BASIC ANATOMY AND 
PHYSIOLOGY 


By Charlotte M. Dienhart, Ph.D., 
Emory University. Illustrated by 
Steven P. Gigliotti. 


Now in press, this entirely new text- 
book will set a new standard of 
clarity, conciseness, and complete- 
ness. It is not an abridgement of a 
larger text, but a new book written 
especially for the student of practi- 
cal nursing and for paramedical 
personnel. Dr. Dienhart explains the 
anatomy and physiology of the hu- 
man body in an outstandingly clear 
and logical way, covering each or- 
gan system in turn. Important struc- 
tures are vividly portrayed in about 
150 black-and-white illustrations, 
most of them prepared especially for 
this book, plus eight pages of plates 
in full colour. Throughout the text, 
useful information is presented in 
convenient tables. Every chapter be- 
gins with an outline and concludes 
with a detailed summary and a list 
of review questions. A list of select- 
ed reference materials and a glossary 
are also provided. 
Abóut 288 pp., illust. About $4.75. 


Published by W. B. SAUNDERS COMPANY, Philadelphia and London 
Order your copies from McAINSH AND CO. LTD., 1835 Yonge Street, Toronto 7. 
26 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


MAY 1967 



As of 1969, the National League 
for Nursing will restrict its sale of 
Test Pool examinations to the U.S.A. 
This decision, made at the American 
Nurses' Association biennial meeting 
last June, has serious implications for 
nursing education in Canada, since 
eight of the ten provincial nursing 
associations are dependent on this 
NLN testing service for the licensing 
of professional graduate nurses. 


RNAO testing service available 
Ontario and New Brunswick are the 
only provinces that do not purchase 
the State Board Test Pool examina- 
tions from the NLN. (Quebec pur- 
chases NLN examinations for English- 
speaking candidates; French-speaking 
candidates write examinations that are 
prepared in the province.) Graduates 
of Ontario and New Brunswick 
schools of nursing write examinations 
prepared by the Registered Nurses' 
Association of Ontario's Testing Ser- 
vice, which was initiated in 1964. 
The RNAO is prepared to extend 
its testing service to the eight prov- 
inces now with NLN, as soon as prov- 
incial contracts with that organization 
are terminated in 1969. If the prov- 
inces agree to this, the RNAO testing 
I service then could fonn the nudeus 
for a national testing service in this 
country. 
The RNAO Testing Service offers 
French and English examination pa- 
pers in four major areas of dinical 
content: medical, surgical, pediatric, 
and obstetrical nursing. Since psychia- 
tric nursing is not a compulsory sub- 
ject of study for students in Ontario 
schools of nursing, an examination on 
this subject is not offered. 


Board action 
NLN's decision to withdraw its test- 
ing services prompted CNA's Board 
of Directors to set up an ad hoc com- 
mittee on national examinations in 
September, 1966, to determine what 
would be needed in the development 
of a Canadian system of machine-scor- 
ed, objective type, registration examin- 
ations. In additIon, the committee was 
directed to submit recommendations 
concerning CNA's involvement in such 
a project. 
MAY 1967 


At its last meeting in March, 1967. 
the Board of Directors approved cer- 
tain recommendations submitted by 
this ad hoc committee. These were : 
I. That CNA be instrumental in 
setting up a National Testing Service 
with the eventual goal of a separate 
foundation being developed. 
2. That CNA recommend to the 
provinces that: a) The RNAO reg- 
istration examinations be utilized in 
1969, at which time national stan- 
dardization would take place; b) the 
provinces participate in the item ana- 
lysis of the RNAO examinations in 
1968; and c) each province requiring 
an examination in psychiatric nursing 
for registration be individually res- 
ponsible in this area until such time 
as a national examination is available. 
3. That the Canadian Nurses' Asso- 
ciation organize a National Testing 
Department to develop registration 
examinations to be made available to 
the provinces; and that such a Testing 
Department offer examinations a) for 
the licensing of professional graduate 
nurses; b) in the five major areas of 
dinical practice; c) in both French and 
English. 
4. That CNA take immediate steps 
to plan and provide for the prepara- 
tion... of persons [skilled in test and 
measurement techniques]. 
5. That CNA obtain the services of 
a qualified consultant now, on a tem- 
porary basis, to develop a plan for 
a national test:ng service and to det- 
ermine the requirements regarding 
personnel and facilities. 
Although the CNA Board of Dir- 
ectors has approved these recommend- 
ations, the final decision concerning 
their implementation rests with each 
provincial nurse licensing body, since 
licensure falls within provincial juris- 
diction. 


Decisions must be made 
Whether we like it or not, whether 
we are prepared for it or not, we have 
to become involved, immediately, with 
some type of testing service for nurse 
licensure. The "we" in this instance 
refers to nurse educators as well as to 
the provincial nurses' associations and 
the national association. 


EDITORIAL I 


That this testing service should 
provide machine-scored, objective-type 
examinations is hardly contestable at 
this point in our history. The issues 
that may be questioned - and ultim- 
ately decided on by each provincial 
nursing association - are these: 
First, should examinations for nurse 
registration be prepared at the national 
or provincial level? Second, if at a 
national level, should CNA become - 
and be identified as - an examina- 
tion-setting body? Third, should the 
RNAO Testing Service be used as the 
nucleus for examinations at the nation- 
al level? 
National or provincial level? 
It is unlikely that individual prov- 
inces will wish to undertake the mon- 
umental task of preparing and pro- 
cessing their own machine-scored, ob- 
jective tests. This would be wasteful 
of both human and financial resour- 
ces. Moreover, the shortage of per- 
sons skilled in test and measurement 
techniques would eliminate the possi- 
bility of each province being able to 
set up its own examinations. 
I'here IS another, logical, reason 
why registration examinations should 
be conducted at the national, rather 
than provincial level. The establish- 
ment of a nationwide system of ex- 
aminations would be a big step toward 
uniformity of registration requirements 
in this country. 
Await consultant's report 
The answers to the second and third 
questions - concerning CNA involve- 
ment with a testing service, and the 
possibility of the RNAO Testing Ser- 
vice becoming a nucleus for national 
examinations - will probably be in 
the affirmative. However, a final dec- 
ision will be made only when the con- 
sultant - as yet unnamed - has 
examined and reported on the whole 
issue, and when the provincial asso- 
ciations have studied her report and 
reached their own condusions. 
One thing is certain: We can no 
longer rely on our friends south of the 
border to provide us with this testing 
service. The nursing profession in Ca- 
nada must assume this responsibility, 
and assume it quickly; 1969 is only 
two short years away. 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 27 



The first patient at the Red Cross 
Outpost when it opened in Wadhams, 
British Columbia on November 1, 
1965 was a huge miner who eased in 
through the kitchen door without 
knocking, suffering from broken ribs 
as a result of a faIl. The second pa- 
tient was a 69-year-old hand logger 
who had been mauled by a gnzzly 
bear the previous year. He was 
brought in with a badly swollen leg 
and severe dehydration, having tested 
the theory that "you feed a cold and 
starve a fever." The miner left under 
his own power; the logger stayed the 
night - the first to try the new one- 
bed hospital. All went well with him 
and by morning he felt chipper and 
ready for breakfast. 
Since its debut, the Wadhams Out- 
post has learned the wisdom of the 
slogan "be prepared." After two 
years, its files contain records of 
avulsions, lacerations, contusions, 
sprains, aches and pains, sore throat, 
earache, "running noses," removal of 
foreign bodies from all parts of the 
anatomy, salt water boils, fish poison 
infection, infected bites from our im- 
pressive Inlet insects, acute abdomens, 
cardiac attacks, allergic reactions, 
contact dermatitis, ingestion of stove 
oil, carbon monoxide poisoning, alco- 
holism, emotional problems, insom- 
nia, corns, hemorrhoids and hot 
flashes - and too, too often, tooth- 
ache from abscessed teeth. 
Wadhams is one of 24 outpost nurs- 
ing stations operated by the Canadian 
28 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Wadhams' Outpost 
Nursing Station 


Sybil Johnson 


Red Cross, and the most isolated. It is 
located about 250 miles north of Van- 
couver City, between Vancouver Is- 
land and the Queen Charlottes, where 
an inlet cuts deeply into the rugged, 
rocky coastline of British Columbia. 
This is Rivers Inlet, one of the two 
mainland regions where the famous 
Sockeye salmon come to spawn and 
one of the greatest fish-packing areas 
in Canada; where rain forests rise lush 
and green and the logging industry 
thrives; where the Pacific weather 
systems stage exhilarating demons- 
trations; where all the buildings and 
walks squat on floats, docks and 
pilings. 
At one time, there were 11 canneries 
in operation in the area, but now only 
fish camps remain. Wadhams, owned 
by B. C. Packers Ltd., is the largest 
camp on the Inlet. In the summer 
there may be 500 people in Wadhams, 
thousands in the Inlet. Then the fish- 
ing season ends, and like small ghost 
towns the camps are left to a lone 
caretaker and his family. Logging con- 
tinues until weather forces a shut- 
down. A few of the families stay on. 
By winter the population consists of 
these families whose businesses and 
homes are here, and the one cosy little 
native viII age of Owikano at the head 
of the Inlet. 
Transportation is either by boat or 
plane. If it weren't for large logging 
vehicles, one could come to believe 
that tires are used only as bumpers 
on the sides of boats. Communication 


is by radio-telephone, subject to the 
whims of weather distortion. There is 
no TV, no daily paper; in fact, for 
eight months of the year, supplies and 
mail arrive by freighter twice a month, 
and there is weekly service for the 
other four months. 
Although the furniture in our Wad- 
hams clinic is not the most modem, it 
is sturdy and serviceable. The dental 
chair is a museum piece, dating back 
to the 1890's shortly after the first 
Methodist medical missionary came 
into Rivers Inlet to open a medical 
center, to care for the gory accidents 
of fish cannery workers, neglected 
families of fishermen, and the appal- 
ling misery suffered during the fren- 
zied passion to harvest the Sockeye 
salmon. 
In 195] the Fisheries Association, 
assisted by the fishermen and the Na- 
tive Brotherhood, provided the present 
medical center. It was built in two 
sections in Vancouver, towed on a 
large scow to the Inlet, then pulled 
to its present position and joined, to 
produce a well planned, three-room 
clinic and a deliphtful three-room suite 
with all the facilities of town. 
Before the Canadian Red Cross 
Society took over, this medical center 
had been operated for three summer 
months by the R. W. Large Memorial 
Hospital of Bella Bella, B. c., with a 
senior medical student in attendance. 


Mrs. Johnson is employed at the Red 
Cros
 Outpost Hospital at Wadhams. B.c. 
MAY 1967 



One doctor from Bella Bella visited 
weekly in the medical boat. He still 
does. After fishing season, he flies in 
once a month, collects the Red Cross 
nurse and together they make the 
rounds of Rivers and Draney Inlets, 
Owikano village and the logging 
camps on Owikano Lake. Of course, 
when winter comes the doctor's calls 
are subject to long delays by un- 
friendly weather. This same fiendish 
weather provokes hazardous boat trips 
for all, and some of the flights in the 
"tin eagle" are spent straining on the 
seat belt, instead of reclining on the 
seat. 
All seriously ill patients are flown 
out to Bella Bella, Port Hardy or Alert 
Bay. The ambulance plane can be 
here within half an hour. Less serious 
cases can be transported by boat. 
Thus, as a rule, in-patients remain in 
the Outpost only 24 hours, subject 
of course to wind, weather and tides. 
The summers are busy, but winter is 
slack. Logging accidents and boat 
explosions are always a possibility, but 
the men are safety conscious. 
One thing a nurse learns quickly 
at an outpost such as Wadhams is to 
think ahead where provisions are con- 
cerned. A breakfast for the working 
men means bacon, half a dozen eggs, 
half a loaf of toast, potatoes, fruit, 
jam, and coffee with milk and plenty 
of sugar. Groceries are ordered from 
the city throughout the winter, and 
after a few months of shortages one 
learns to order sufficient supplies. One 
thing is certain - our patients enjoy 
home-cooked meaJs, and a request for 
a second helping is regarded as a 
compliment by a nurse who doesn't 
profess to be a cook. 
Red Cross has equipped the Outpost 
for almost everything because almost 
everything from birth to death can 
happen. 
One day that started at 5:00 A.M. 
developed steadily, until Paul, a 63- 
year-old, 300-pound fisherman, col- 
lapsed on his boat with all the symp- 
toms of cerebral vascular accident. 
While waiting for the ambulance 
plane, this large man was carried to 
MAY 1967 




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THE CANADIAN NURSE 29 



the nursing station and, since his stay 
would only be about 20 minutes, the 
canvas stretcher was placed in the 
center of the opened Toronto couch 
in the waiting room. The exhausted 
stretcher-bearers went en masse to find 
a cart for a return trip. During this 
lonely vigil, Paul had a violent seizure 
with all movements lashing to the left, 
toward the wall. Visions of her patient 
falling off the stretcher and then off 
the couch, catapulted the nurse into 
protective calisthenics that can only be 
described as a mis-match by about 200 
pounds. Of course the seizure didn't 
last forever, sodium luminal was in- 
jected, the "shook-up" nurse was 
attempting to regain her poise and 
composure when a plane landed. No 
ambulance, this plane! Dr. C. S. Gam- 
ble and Nurse Beacom of the National 
Health Services had arrived for the 
doctor's first official visit. The hour 
was noon, the nurse's husband and 
son came in for lunch, and the table 
was bare. It was one of "those" days; 
but somehow, one survives to meet a 
live "Peter" another morning. 
Pete was a 74-year-old fisherman 
who spent seven long hours at night, 
in the chill waters of Queen Charlotte 
Sound, clinging to two life preserver 
rings, when his boat sank suddenly 
after hitting a submerged deadhead. 
Fishermen are a hardy lot. Pete's big 
problem when he recovered from 
shock and exhaustion was, "would his 
missus let him buy another gill- 
netter?" 
The Red Cross nurse was called to 
the village one March evening when 
the flu epidemic raged along the coast. 
She found everyone in the village 
suffering. The following night she re- 
turned to attend the men who had 
been overcome by the infection and 
had to leave their work in the logging 
camps. The men suffered the most. 
The Oolichans (candle-fish) were run- 
ning and all were too ill to fish. 
The first trip was the opportune 
time to test the efficiency of the nur- 
se's little black bag. What a schmoz- 
zle! No electric lights, just a small 
kerosene light, usually in a remote 
corner - and nothing, absolutely no- 
thing, was right in that miserable bag. 
The second night, despite improve- 
ments, was just as impossible. Now the 
nurse travels with a small pack-sack 
and the little black bag. Flashlights 
and kerosene lamps pose no prob- 
lems. In fact after a storm, our power 
system in Wadhams was laid to rest 
and during that time a nasty lacer- 
ation had to be sutured by flashlight. 
I should not admit the flashlight was a 
spotlight - but I will. 
Last year, when most of my cases 
had been "dry-runs," I admitted two 
30 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


burn patients from separate boat ex- 
plosions. The first patient was put to 
bed, the cold water treatment and 
supportive therapy was started with 
dispatch and efficiency. The second 
man was brought in screaming with 
pain. Quickly he was placed on the 
Toronto couch; cold water hand baths 
were propped on orange boxes and 
saturated towels swathed on his face, 
neck, chest and arms. Ophthalmic oint- 
ment was instilled in his eyes, and 
analgesics and supportive therapy were 
given. "Oh my God, such relief!" 
he whispered. Any feeling of a job 
well done was quickly dampened. The 
blue smock of the Red Cross nurse 
dripped, her shoes squished, the place 
looked like a disaster area. Either she 
start bailing, or open the door lest the 
building sink. However, the patients 
responded satisfactorily and were 
transferred to hospital. I saw them 
both a few weeks later and their 
almost total recovery was amazing. 
The cold water treatment has proved 
miraculous here. 
That same day -Freddy was admitted 
with diarrhea. Freddy is a most im- 
portant baby. The morning of his 
birth, Freddy's Dad took me up the 
raging river to the village in a flimsy, 
temperamental speed boat. I was so 
sure it was my last trip that I was 
completely composed and waiting for 
the end, when suddenly we swerved 
to the shore. Clutching the maternity 
bundles we ran logs like boom men, 
galloped up the bank, puffed up to 
the house to find Freddy had just 
arrived. The eagle, not the stork, de- 
livers in this sphere. All [ did was 
instill eye drops and mop up. While 
I was waiting for the placenta, soft 
music from a Spanish guitar floated 
in from the living room. Then a sweet 
male voice began to sing. The little 
mother smiled. "Fred is happy, he has 
a son. He is singing our song." 
One of the greatest satisfactions has 
been the monthly visit to the Indian 
village. These delightful people are 
intelligent and humorous. I could fill 
pages about the many adventures ex- 
perienced on these trips, about the 
rides up the swirling, white waters of 
the cascading river, to the village in 
a genuine 30-foot war canoe, or in 
the flat-bottomed tin boat with water 
trough seats that are always filled with 
shockingly cold water; or about the 
walks up the new logging road through 
the best grizzly country in B. C. 
This fall a hunter was attacked by 
two timber wolves. He escaped but 
the natives are concerned about wolves 
being hungry at this time. Speaking of 
wolves, the lone cry of a wolf on TV 
is just background music; but when 
heard "live" at the Outpost, those 


round pearly notes make my hair rise 
so fast the dead ends snap off. 
The monthly visit to the village 
coordinates with Indian Health Serv- 
ices and some public health. The little 
people of these communities greet the 
nurse with mixed emotions: Will she 
smile and poke, or smile and stroke? 
The year 1967 is the space age to 
you, but in this wild and wonderful 
wilderness, wind, weather, and tides 
are not for countdown. They are 
seriously studied for safe existence. 
Here is the beauty of the forest prim- 
eval and all the chilling reality of 
survival of the fittest. Here is isol- 
ation that defies time. This same 
isolation poses a nursing problem. 
During the winter the inhabitants are 
out of contact with others and im- 
munity is lost. A pale, listless virus 
outside can suddenly become a viru- 
lent vampire once introduced in the 
Inlet. It wasn't long till pHisoHex and 
paper towels became my traveling 
companions. 
When this article was started, the 
writer feared lack of material. Now 
comes the realization: I haven't even 
started. I haven't mentioned what a 
Red Cross Outpost means to this 
isolated country, or that the Red Cross 
nurse is expected to perform hair cuts, 
fill in legal documents, shorten trous- 
ers, referee disputes, remain neutral 
in fishing versus logging arguments, 
and consume gallons of coffee. Nor 
have I mentioned our "diggings" - 
Indians camped on these shores for 
centuries and artifacts abound. And 
these are only a few of the things I 
haven't mentioned. 
I will tell you about the dark night 
loggers on Owikano Lake were re- 
turning to camp in their logging boat 
when a dim glow in a bay suddenly 
became a brilliant light that lit the 
shoreline and mountains. A u.F.0. 
swung up, hovered for a second, then 
in a flash disappeared over the moun- 
tains. It would give me great glee to 
include in my month-end report to our 
director of nursing services in Van- 
couver: "Sutured with fine unidentified 
wire the 7th digit on the 7th left foot 
of M.N.O. "Gniht," a friendly Raga- 
nooter from outer space." On the 
other hand, I don't think I have the 
stamina to wait out the two weeks for 
her reply. 0 


MAY 1967 



Intensive care units are springing 
up all across Canada. Even the 25 to 
99-bed institutions are planning them, 
and soon one in every 20 small hos- 
pitals will have units of 4-5 beds for 
intensive care. 
One of the newest and most modern 
intensive care units in Canada is the 
20-bed specially-designed area at St. 
Paul's Hospital in Vancouver. This 
570-bed genera] hospital adapted a 
wing in one of their oldest buildings 
for medical intensive care. 
Over two years was spent in design 
.nd planning after federal and prov- 
incial governments granted funds (one- 
third of total cost borne by each) for 
construction. St. Paul's provided the 
remaining one-third with the major 
part of the hospital contribution com- 
ing from the P.A. Woodward Founda- 
tion. 
At St. Paul's Hospital, a special six- 
bed Coronary Care Unit occupies one 
end of the intensive care ward, sharing 
certain facilities, supplies, and staff. 
Coronary heart disease is the leading 
cause of death today, and, despite in- 
creasing knowledge and intensive re- 
search. no satisfactory preventive pro- 
gram has yet been devised. With the 
new techniques and equipment for 
diagnosis, observation. and treatment, 
and use of this specially designed and 
equipped area, a significant reduction 
in mortality can be achieved. 
Unit design 
An old patient wing on the second 
MAY 1967 


Medical 
. . 
Intensive care 


A new breed of nurses is necessary - those qualified to work in intensive care 
unit. Just as good case room, operating room, or emergency staff are developed 
after graduation, so are qualified specialists in intensive care. 


Sally Staples 


floor of the central building previously 
converted for office use was selected 
for the unit. It was completely modern- 
ized. 
Doors from the main corridor open 
automatically - and noiselessly - by 
electric eye control. The whole area is 
carpeted to provide noise control; this 
also brings beauty to the area, and 
helps promote a tranquil atmosphere 
in the midst of much activity and 
stress. 
Just outside the automatic doors is 
a comfortable, private visitors' room 
where relatives and friends can remain 
during critical periods. Visiting regu- 
lations inside the unit are tailored to 
the individual patient's needs and 
wishes. 
A conference room for team discus- 
sion, clinics, and lectures is also avail- 
able outside the unit. 
Immediately inside the doors is the 
resident physician's office and a small 
room for his secretary. This medical 
director attends the unit full-time. He 
supervises the four rotating members 
of the physician's committee to over- 
see admissions and discharges and 
length of stay on the unit. The office 
space is shared by a physician work- 
ing toward his Fellowship in cardio- 
logy, and a full-time resident and in- 
tern. All are responsible to the medical 
director. There is at least one medical 


Mrs. Staples is head nurse of the In- 
tensive Care Unit at St. Paul's Hospital. 
Vancouver. British Columbia. 


staff member on the unit at all times. 
A small but well-equipped blood gas 
laboratory is located on the unit and 
one full-time technician is assigned 
there. When she is off duty blood gas 
work may be done by the resident. 
Analysis of arterial and venous blood 
gases - pH, pO:!, peO:!, and 
O:! saturation - is a vital service on 
ICU. The new automated laboratory 
facilities of the hospital are also avail- 
able. 
The clean utility and supply room is 
also located in this area. Consider- 
able planning as to flow of materials 
has made this rather small room high- 
ly functional. Auxiliary staff clean 
equipment and are responsible for 
suppJies. 
Just off the utility area a small room 
has been adapted as a private office for 
the head nurse. 
Two four-bed wards are located in 
the next area. Here, patients may be 
kept for observation, after coming off 
the heart-monitoring equipment or 
after the acute phase of their illness, 
before returning to general care wards. 
Patients who need special investigation 
also may be admitted to these rooms. 
An eight-sided, open nurses' station 
occupies the central portion of what 
used to be the large open ward. Sup- 
porting pillars form the corners of the 
station. but otherwise a clear view of 
the surrounding rooms is possible from 
any point in this charting and work 
area. 
The head nurse and ward clerk 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 31 



share the desk facing the unit entrance; 
the area at the other end contains the 
monitoring equipment consoles for the 
coronary care rooms. A medication 
"island" containing sink and all nec- 
essary supplies for dispensing med- 
ications is located in the center. Two 
"crash carts" completely set up for 
cardiopulmonary resuscitation are lo- 
cated inside the station. The charting 
drea faces out into the rooms. The en- 
tire ceiling is lined with acoustic tile, 
and all communication equipment (te- 
lephones, patient call systems, etc.) 
are set at a low level and equipped 
with flashing lights. Individual pocket 
paging devices are used by all per- 
sonnel on the recuscitation team. Only 
the emergency signal sounds loudly 
through the entire area. Business is 
carried on remarkably quietly. 
The six acute care facilities include 
two two-bed rooms and two single 
rooms along the side walls of the 
ward. One single room is arranged for 
isolation care, and also has special 
plumbing equipment for emergency 
hemodialysis. The front of each room 
and the sliding doors are glass, which 
allows for direct view of each patient. 
Sliding curtains can be pulled across 
the glass when privacy is desired. 
At the end of the ward, six individ- 
ual rooms specially designed for cor- 
onary care are arranged in a semi- 
circle facing the central monitoring 
console desk. 


Patient unit 
Each patient unit is equipped with 
special built-in facilities and furniture. 
Beds were designed specifically to suit 
the needs of patients in acute care 
areas. All beds have an electrically- 
operated high-low feature. Head 
boards are removable for easy access 
32 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


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MEDICAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT 


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MAY 1967 



for intubation of the patient, or for 
tracheostomy care; these may also be 
used as support boards for external 
heart massage in the case of cardiac 
arrest. Side rails are self-storing and 
simple to lock into place. Footboards 
adjust to the patient's height. Each 
bed has six positions for intravenous 
poles. 
Each patient area is equipped with 
two separately fused circuits to avoid 
any interruption in treatment in case 
of power failure in one of the circuits. 
A minimum of eight outlets is provid- 
ed for each bed. Two oxygen outlets 
with flow meters and humidfiers are 
provided in each bed area. One of the 
outlets is installed below bed level to 
permit condensation to drain readily 
from humidifiers back into the bottle 
and avoid the danger of draining into 
the patient. Two vacuum outlets permit 
a combination of two types of suction 
at one time - nasopharyngeal suction, 
intermittent gastric suction, or thoracic 
suction. 
Intravenous poles are suspended 
from tracks on the ceiling; IV's hang 
directly above the limb, and do not 
interfere with nursing care. 
An executone communication sys- 
tem combines regular nurse call with 
receiver and speaker; alarm button for 
the nurse to summon assistance in case 
of emergency; television speaker jack; 
and telephone jack. Wall-mounted 
blood pressure manometers, with a 
swivel-action that permits them to be 
easily read from either side of the 
bed. complete each unit. 


Special equipment 
Electrocardiographic m 0 nit 0 r i n g 
equipment has been developed to sup- 
plement and assist in the observation 
of cardiac patients so that changes in 
MAY 1967 


status can be noted sooner and more 
easily than by intermittent patient ob- 
servation alone. Electrocardiographic 
monitors operate through skin elec- 
trodes to transmit the ECG signal to the 
bedside monitor and/ or central panel 
oscilloscopes; they present audible and 
visible signals with each heart beat. 
Each unit is equipped also with an 
external cardiac pacemaker, which 
can be set to function aU[QmaticaIIy 
if cardiac asystole occurs; it can also 
be used as an auxiliary power unit for 
a transvenous pacemaker catheter in 
the treatment of heart block. As the 
unit is equipped with a central monitor, 
the audible signal is usually turned off 
in the patient's room. 
Other equipment at the patient's 
bedside includes: an oscilloscope, to 
observe electrocardiographic image, 
with lead selector; a heart rate meter 
with an alarm system to indicate 
when a predetermined high or low 
setting has been reached, or when the 
patient develops bradycardia or tachy- 
cardia; and a demand pacemaker, 
which may be used as described above. 
The central monitor at the nurses' 
station has a unit connected to the 
heart rate meter with audio and visual 
alarm system; a slave oscilloscope, 
which simultanoeously duplicates each 
of the ECG patterns from the individ- 
ual scopes in the patients' rooms; a 
magnetic tape device which records 
for five minute periods and erases 
continuously until such time as an 
emergency occurs and, at that time, 
readings made during the interval 
preceeding the emergency are auto- 
matically transferred to a permanent 
paper record; and an electrocardio- 
graph direct readout, which is activated 
simultaneously with the alarm system 
and also can be activated manually, 


whenever a permanent record of the 
ECG is required. 
Mobile equipment not kept in the 
station, but readily available for use, 
will monitor various physiological 
parameters necessary for adequate 
scientific therapy and evaluation of 
patients, such as heart rate, ECG, 
intra-arterial blood pressure, central 
venous blood pressure, cardiac output, 
core and skin temperature, blood pH, 
and so on. 
Many patients adapt quickly and 
well to automated devices; others ex- 
hibit great anxiety. Not the least of the 
nurse's skill in the use of equipment 
involves interpretation of the machines. 
The importance of maintaining the 
dignity of the individual and of creat- 
ing a warm. understanding nurse- 
patient feeling is also part of the chal- 
lenge of ICU nursing. 


Nursing care 
Sudden and often critical changes in 
patient condition place responsibility 
on the nursing department to provide 
the most expert nursing care possible 
on an ICU. Adequate staff, carefully 
selected and specially prepared, is es- 
sential. Nurses must be able to work 
efficiently while carrying out a variety 
of activities, frequently under pressure, 
and to take responsibility for initiating 
action in emergency situations. 
There can be no compromise in pro- 
viding sufficient personnel to provide 
needed services in the intensive care 
unit. To give adequate care, a ratio of 
one nurse to every two or three 
patients has been found necessary. 
This coverage requires a staff of two 
for each bed in the unit, for example, 
1 head nurse, 1 instructor, 20 register- 
ed nurses, 10 practical nurses, 2 nurse 
aids, 4 orderlies, and I ward clerk 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 33 



This would give an average of from 4 
to 6 registered nurses, 2 practical 
nurses, and an orderly on each shift. 
Orientation and teaching programs 
must be developed if patients are to 
receive the best possible nursing care. 
The unit should have an instructor who 
will be responsible for developing and 
carrying out these programs with the 
help and cooperation of the head nurse 
and supervisor. 
Orientation will require a planned 
program about three to four weeks in 
length and should include lectures from 
doctors and nurse educators and clini- 
cal experience under the direct super- 
vision of a senior nurse. 
Ongoing inservice education should 
also be part of the ICU program. A 
written, well-thought-out program 
should include: review of physiology 
and pathophysiology; review of drugs 
and information on new drugs; basic 
electrocardiography; arrhythmias - 
recognition and treatment; shock - 
recognition and treatment; emotional 
support of the seriously ill patient and 
his family; laboratory tests in dignosis 
and treatment; use of equipment; and 
review of techniques. 
Other areas should be covered as 
the need is apparent. The limiting 
factor of any intensive care unit will 
be the degree of education and training 
of unit personnel. 


Team concept 
The best approach to patient care 
in a coronary care unit is through a 
team effort involving medical and nurs- 
ing personnel. Effectiveness of in- 
tensive care is closely correlated with 
the strength and structure of the 
team. Medical and nursing personnel 
share observations regarding the clini- 
cal course of the patient; for example, 
they interpret arrhythmias together. 
Patient problems are discussed at 
team conferences and solved by both 
physicians and nurse members. Prob- 
lems may be directly or indirectly 
related to the disease of the patient. 
For example, the doctor may be con- 
cerned that the patient is beginning to 
show some signs of heart failure, so 
34 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


he will review these signs with the 
nurse to make sure she understands 
what to look for and what treatment 
to be prepared for in the event these 
signs develop; or because of his dis- 
ease, the patient may not be able to 
accept his disability and the doctor and 
nurse together must find ways to help 
him understand and accept change. 
Relationships between doctor and 
nurse in ICU tend to be more on a 
partnership basis. The traditional sub- 
servient role of the nurse must be put 
aside. Sometimes this is in conflict 
with the educational background of 
the nurse and she must be emotionally 
mature to accept the change. Relation- 
ships with nursing colleagues must in- 
clude a readiness to share, cooperate 
and work together, confidence, and 
trust. 


Special responsibilities 
Many techniques used in intensive 
care are familiar to all nurses. How- 
ever, these patients require exception- 
al judgment and precision in admini- 
stering care. There are added respons- 
ibilities in an ICU that are not normal- 
ly considered nursing responsibilities. 
Some of these involve continuous as- 
sessment of the patient, detection of 
early signs of complications, and 
constant patient observation. The ICU 
nurse must continually evaluate and 
make decisions based on her eval- 
uations. 
All nursing personnel on the unit 
should be able to perform closed chest 
massage to sustain an adequate cir- 
culation and be proficient in the use 
of airways and breathing bags for vent- 
ilating a patient who has suffered a 
cardiac arrest. 
Closed chest massage and oxygen 
therapy are only interim measures to 
sustain circulation until definitive 
action can be taken against arrythmias. 
In an intensive care unit, the nurse 
must be able to recognize a death- 
producing arrhythmia, such as ventric- 
ular fibrillation, and by herself, in- 
stitute immediate action to reverse this 
condition, namely electrical counter- 
shock. In a coronary care unit every- 


thing is in readiness to treat the ar- 
rhythmia and, therefore, cardiac mas- 
sage is of less importance than in 
other areas of the hospital. 
Once the arrhythmia has been 
terminated with external electrical 
stimulation and circulation has been 
restored, the remaining program for 
resuscitation involves the correction 
of the acid-base disturbances that de- 
velop during this brief period, and the 
use of drugs to preserve the normal 
rhythm and prevent further catastro- 
phic episodes. The importance of 
combating acidosis has become partic- 
ularly evident, and large amounts of 
intravenous bicarbonate solution arc 
used for this purpose. It is the nurse's 
responsibility to start an infusion of 
NaHC0 3 immediately or, if cardiac 
arrest occurs, reverse the acidosis as 
quickly as possible. 
For optimum care of patients in an 
intensive care unit, the nurse must be 
versed in the treatment of arrhythmias, 
shock, and other untoward events and 
must be competent in the use of all 
resuscitative and other special equip- 
ment so that time is not wasted trying 
to understand the operation of the 
machine. Operation of equipment must 
become second nature to the nurse so 
that she is able to concentrate on the 
response of the patient to the equip- 
ment. 
More than ever before, well-quali- 
fied, independent, hard-working nurses 
are needed for the new nursing roles. 
Such is the challenge for nurses 
and for nursing. 0 


MAY 1967 



When a mother phones an emer- 
gency department to ask if oil of winter- 
green is dangerous because her two- 
and-a-half year old son has just swal- 
lowed an unknown quantity of it, the 
emergency nurse knows that no 
chances can be taken. The child must 
come in for treatment as quickly as 
possible, for one teaspoonful can be 
fatal. 
It is quite a different situation when 
she receives a call about an accidental 
ingestion of some cleaning product just 
recently on the market. She must leave 
everything to search the files for the 
product, perhaps only to find that it is 
too new to be there. The doctor may 
now request that a long distance call 
be made to the manufacturer for the 
information. In all, it may take up to 
one-half hour to get what she st;:lrted 
to find. This is very frustrating in a 
busy department. 
All of the hospital staff at our 
hospital were aware that this problem 
was not going to improve. City pop- 
ulations are increasing and so are the 
number of household, garden, and 
workshop chemicals. People are also 
very careless in using and storing these 
items. They siphon off gasoline from 
tanks and end up swallowing it; they 
work in poorly ventilated areas with in- 
dustrial chemicals and are overcome 
by fumes; they store kerosene, anti- 
freeze and gasoline in pop bottles, and 
children, having learned that such bot- 
tles give nourishment, drink the con- 
tents; they provide candy-flavored pills 
MAY 1%7 


Poison control 
as a nursing function 


Poison control centers were first established in Canada in 1957 through the 
provincial departments of health. The idea is to have available, at a central point, 
information regarding poisonous substances and the treatments indicated. Often 
these centers are attached to a hospital. One such center - and its nursing 
function - is described. 


Lois Pearson 
for their children and then leave the 
bottles lying about only to discover 
later that the whole supply has been 
consumed. There is no limit to insidi- 
ous possibilities. A man recently 
used an aerosol de-icing spray in his 
nostrils by mistake. 
Elderly people, too, are potential 
risks for poisoning accidents. With fail- 
ing eyesight, they go to cabinets where 
liniments and cough mixtures are stor- 
ed together and take a dose of a lini- 
ment by mistake. Because of poor mem- 
ories, they consume overdoses of 
pills. 
Our hospital decided that one nurse 
appointed to a Poison Control Depart- 
ment would be of valuable assistance 
in the emergency department. Also she 
would be responsible for maintaining 
an [nformation Center and would 
have the necessary facts available for 
doctors in the area when they needed 
them. 
It was expected that, by having in- 
formation up-to-date, the treatment of 
poisons would become more refined 
and some unnecessary gastric lavage 
could be eliminated. Finally, as a part 
of the poison control project, it was 
expected that the Information Centre 
would become involved in an educa- 
tional program. 


Collection information 
It is now a year since I started this 
work in our Poison Information 
Centre. My time has been occupied by 
adding the supplementary material 


provided by government agencies to 
our poison files. I also write or tele- 
phone manufacturers for information 
on their products. Reprints, clippings, 
pamphlets and letters are filed and 
cross-indexed according to their titles 
and key words. Because of this, the 
material is organized for computer re- 
trieval. I procure information on drugs 
from our pharmaceutical services anù 
consult experts on plants, fungi and in- 
secticides in the Department of Agri- 
culture. 
Poison reports are carefully com- 
pleted for a national program on poison 
control. These reports are set up on 
punch cards which are used for data 
processing. By contributing to this pro- 
gram, we can obtain specific statistics 
on any aspect of the program for our 
own use. Comprehensive reporting 
supports their research into the causes 
and kinds of poisonings. Information 
is then provided for us on the latest 
treatments and toxicity of the poisons. 
Completing these forms is an edu- 
cational experience. I have become 
familiar with the toxic ingredients of 
many substances, their actions, and the 
treatments for their effects. Any lack 
of information is noted, the deficiency 
corrected from day to day. Assistance 
to doctors has become more skillful 
because of daily research activities. 


Mrs. Pearson, who has her degree in 
nursing education from the University of 
Ottawa, is nurse in the Poison Information 
Centre at the Ottawa Civic Hospital. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 35 




 


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36 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Qualifications 
I believe that a nurse is essential in 
a Poison Information Centre. Ideally, 
the candidate should be a registered 
nurse with at least a certificate course 
in public health, as well as with some 
administrative experience. She should 
have some pediatric nursing experience 
or be a mother, herself. 
She needs a good understanding of 
basic psychology, for the people she is 
concerned with are often in an un- 
derstandably highly anxious state. Fin- 
ally, she would have at least a certifi- 
cate in elementary typewriting - pa- 
perwork staggers us all! 


Incidental research 
Working with the reports stimulated 
me to do some epidemiological surveys 
for our own hospital. We know now 
that poisoning accidents occur in great- 
est frequency between 8: 30 and 9: 30 
A.M., 10:30 and 11 :30 A.M., and 4:30 
and 5 :30 P.M., and that almost all 
poisoning accidents occur between 
7:30 A.M. and 7:30 P.M. Saturday is 
the busiest day of the week, particular- 
ly in the morning. It can be assumed 


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that this is the time when parents are 
sleeping in and children are up and 
about, hunting for something to eat 
or something to do. 
Another project involves using a 
map of the city and marking on it the 
location of each accidèntal poisoning. 
This gives a very good idea of what 
areas we are servicing and which 
districts have the greatest number of 
accidental poisonings. 
Our own hospital statistics for last 
year show that 25 percent of accident- 
al poisonings have been caused by the 
salicylates and 22 percent have invol- 
ved children. This knowledge is caus- 
ing greater interest in salicylate treat- 
ment and particularly in developing a 
program of prevention. 


Community effort 
The city health department is shar- 
ing this interest with us. Their nurses 
visit homes of all children who have 
been accidentally poisoned. During 
their visits, they observe for residual 
effects and safety check lists and leave 
literature on household poisons. Busy 
parents accept these constructive mea- 


MAY 1967 



sures to help them with their curious 
and energetic children. The nurse some- 
times has occasion to help a frustrated 
mother understand the difficult period 
in child development between the ages 
of one to five years. She also finds 
that she is a source of information in 
other health problems and encourages 
families to attend to them. 
The Information Centre coordinates 
this follow-up program with the emer- 
gency department. Notices are given 
to parents that a follow-up visit will 
be made by the public health nurse. 
Referrals are made through the Centre 
and reports are sent back following 
the visits. 
Periodically, representatives from 
the public health .department and the 
hospital meet to discuss the progress 
of poison control. The objective is to 
broaden our understanding of the prob- 
lem and to coordinate our approach. 
As the nurse from the Information 
Centre, I act as the secretary for these 
meetings. 


Educational function 
Within the hospital, talks are given 
at the request of various groups. Both 
professional and non-professional staff 
want to be informed about household 
poisons, and the correct procedures 
for dealing with them, as well as the 
organization for hospital care. 
In the emergency department, the 
staff is oriented to using sources of 
information. They are responsible for 
this information as well as for the treat- 
ments when I am not present. This 
orientation program is on a continuing 
basis. Staff is kept informed of new 
developments for poison control. 
All telephone calls are taken in the 
emergency department. This is nec- 
essary for I may be out of my area 
during the day and am only there for 
40 hours of the week. While I am in 
the Centre, calls are relayed to me 
through the intercommunication sys- 
tem. My phone has all the lines of the 
emergency department but does not 
ring in my area. A call can be held if 
I wish to phone outside for informa- 
tion. 
Public relations is a vital function of 
the Centre. It is necessary to have the 
cooperation of the community in our 
work. People need to know that the 
Information Centre is a public service 
that coordinates its services with those 
of the emergency department, the pub- 
lic health department, and their own 
personal physician. 
Requests are also made by the 
public for talks on the organization of 
this program. I stress that instructions 
are given after consultation with a 
doctor. The doctor for the emergency 
MAY 1%7 


department is always on hand. If some- 
one has to come to the hospital for 
treatment his own doctor is consulted 
if necessary, and always if the person 
has to be admitted. The public health 
nurse, also, refers any medical prob- 
lems back to the family doctor if the 
need arises. 
Sometimes, a mother, who has tele- 
phoned the Centre, is instructed how 
to observe for toxic symptoms in her 
child. She is told that she can get in 
touch with us at any time and this 
support is usually sufficient to calm 
her fears. 
This work is extremely interesting. 
Doctors and patients are finding the 
Information Centre a useful service 
and it is rewarding to feel that one 
can be an important link between the 
hospital and the community. 
I have developed a greater appre- 
ciation of the work done in prevention 
by the public health department. How 
satisfying it is to treat the cause of the 
accident as well as the effect! 0 


Functions and Standards for a Nurse in Poison Control 


Organizes and maintains adequate information on poisons. 
. Collects new information and incorporates it into the file systems. 
. Builds and keeps up-to-date a reference library on toxicology and 
therapeutics. 
Coordinates the plan for care of accidental poisonings treated in the 
emergency department and the follow-up visiting by the public health 
nurse. 
. Provides information on poisons for the doctor in the emergency 
department and consults with him on poison calls. 
. Refers accidental poisonings in children to the public health nurse 
for follow-up visiting. 
Participates in a program of education. 
. Orients staff in emergency department to sources for poison in- 
formation, and gives continuing programs on new poisons. 
. Gives talks to hospital staff on the functions of the poison control 
program. 
· Informs the public about the services available for poison control 
through talks and distribution of literature. 
Participates in research. 
. Keeps reports on poisonings for comparative statistics, and learns 
individual needs. 
. Studies epidemiological causes of poisonings. 
. Assists in research programs for improvement in knowledge 
of poisons. 
Practices good public relations with doctors, consultants specialists, and 
the public. 
. Assures that the services of the Poison [nformation Centre are 
adequate for doctors and the public. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 37 



Twentieth-century humans tend to 
take more medicine than their ances- 
tors did. More drugs are available, 
they are more complex and more 
powerful; they are packaged in at- 
tractive forms; and they are promoted 
with relentless regularity via radio, 
television, and the printed word. 
A vailable evidence points to an in- 
crease in the misuse of both over-the- 
counter medicines and prescription 
drugs. Many of you, in the course of 
your nursing duties, have seen the 
tragedy that can result from the misuse 
of drugs, whether accidental or inten- 
tional. 
As nurses you are in a unique posi- 
tion, because of your close relation- 
ship with a patient at a time when he 
or she is most health-conscious. You 
have an excellent opportunity to im- 
press upon your patients the necessity 
of treating drugs with the utmost 
respect and it is hoped that you will 
take this opportunity to assist in edu- 
cating the consumer in the proper use 
of drugs. 


Food and drug protective legislation 
All drugs sold in Canada are govern- 
ed by regulations found in one or more 
of the Acts administered by the Food 
and Drug Directorate of the Depart- 
ment of National Health and Welfare. 
There are three Acts and accompany- 
ing Regulations that fall under this 
jurisdiction. They are the Food and 
Drugs Act and Regulations. the Nar- 
cotic Control Act and Regulations. and 
38 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Drug protection 
for Canadians 


A century ago sugar syrup could be sold as a "cure" for everything from gout to 
galloping consumption. Now, Canadians are protected from misleading claims 
and harmful or adulterated drugs. The Food and Drug Directorate, which 
oversees the protective Acts, is described in this article. 


Eleanor M. Ordway 
the Proprietary or Patent Medicine 
Act. This legislation gives the Director- 
ate effective control over manufacture 
and distribution, but does not give the 
authority to guarantee or approve of 
any drug. The Food and Drug Direct- 
orate is charged with the responsibility 
of enforcing the Acts and Regulations, 
within the framework of the authority 
conferred upon it. 
At present the Food and Drug Di- 
rectorate has a staff of about 800, 
with approximately 380 at head- 
quarters in Ottawa and the remainder 
located in district and regional offices 
with laboratories and inspection staff 
at Halifax, Montreal, Toronto, Win- 
nipeg, and Vancouver. 
The inspection staff, as part of its 
duties, has carried out an active pro- 
gram of plant inspection and this has 
resulted in remodelling of plants, revis- 
ing of quality control systems, and in- 
creased number of qualified personnel 
being employed by manufacturers. 
It is estimated that there are at 
least 30,000 different single-and mul- 
tiple-ingredient drug preparations on 
the market, and some 700 persons, 
firms or corporations hold a Manufac- 
turers Sales Tax Licence under the 
Excise Tax Act as manufacturers or 
producers of drugs. Since the Director- 
ate's responsibility encompasses foods, 
cosmetics and medical devices, as well 


Miss Ordway is Chief of the Consumer 
Division, Food and Durg Directorate, De- 
partment of National Health and Welfare. 


as drugs, it would be physically im- 
possible to check every drug product. 
The burden of responsibility for the 
quality of a drug rests on the shoulders 
of the manufacturer. 


Advisory council of consumers 
The Advisory Council of Consumers 
was established July, 1964 by the 
Government of Canada to advise the 
Minister of National Health and Welf- 
are and the officers of the Food and 
Drug Directorate "in matters involving 
consumer interest relating to the ad- 
ministration of the Food and Drugs 
Act and the Proprietary or Patent 
Medicine Act." The problem of the 
use and misuse of drugs by consumers 
was an area to which the Council im- 
mediately turned its attention. 
It was felt that consumers needed 
to be made aware: of the undesirable 
side effects that may develop in some 
people when taking certain drugs; of 
the need for reading drug labels care- 
fully and for following instructions 
regarding dosage; of the necessity to 
see a doctor if pain persists; of the 
danger of accidental poisonings, es- 
pecially where children are concerned; 
of the hazards that can occur when an 
individual drives his car or operates 
machinery while taking certain drugs. 
Medication should be taken only when 
needed and preferably after receiving 
the advice of a physician. 
Drugs can and have saved many 
lives but when improperly used they 
can be dangerous. More than ever be- 
MAY 1967 



fore, consumers want and need to know 
how to use drugs safely and wisely. 
Toward this end the Consumer Di- 
vision has prepared drug educational 
kits that have been sent to key people 
in over 30 leading organizations across 
the country and to individuals who are 
in a position to make effective use of 
the material provided. Public response 
to the program has been extremely 
favorable and more than 2,000 requests 
for educational material have been 
received since the program started last 
fall. This would seem to indicate a 
great desire on the part of the public 
to become informed about drugs and 
also a need for an educational pro- 
gram of this type. 
The Consumer Division has also 
fulfilled speaking engagements to a 
wide variety of groups including high 
school classes (as part of their con- 
sumer education curriculum), profes- 
sional associations, and consumer 
groups. Through these channels, as 
well as others under consideration, the 
Division hopes to reach a major seg- 
ment of the drug-consuming popula- 
tion. 
The cartoons illustrating this article 
are reprints of the posters found in the 
drug educational kit. Also included in 
the kit are booklets, .'Consumer Me- 
mos," and information sheets on in- 
dividual drug topics. Supplementary 
material is prepared and sent out from 
time to time so that the educational 
program is a continuing one. 
Consumer education is just one facet 
of the overall responsibility of the Food 
and Drug Directorate in the field of 
drugs. There are many areas in which 
the Directorate functions to protect the 
interest of the consumer. 


Drug notification 
Drug Notification Regulations came 
into effect in October of 1966 and 
every manufacturer of a drug is now 
required to file annually with the 
Directorate the following information 
about each and every drug he imports 
or manufactures and offers for sale in 
Canada: the name and address of the 
manufacturer; the name under which 
the drug is sold; the use and purpose 
for which the drug is recommended; a 
quantitative list of the medicinal in- 
gredients contained in the drug by 
their proper or common names; and 
the recommended dosage of the drug. 
The manufacturf'r must also notify the 
Directorate if he withdraws the drug 
from the market or changes its formu- 
lation, or recommended dosage. 
This legislation should provide the 
Directorate with more accurate inform- 
ation on manufacturers and products, 
and, as a result, it should be possible 
MAY 1967 


to exercise better control over the ma- 
nufacture and distribution of drugs in 
Canada. 


Drug manufacture 
For all drugs the Regulations require 
that "No manufacturer shall sell a drug 
in dosage form unless the drug has 
been prepared, processed, stored, label- 
ed, and tested under the conditions 
prescribed in the Regulations." These 
requirements for manufacture refer to 
the physical layout and maintenance 
techniques of the area where the drug 
is processed and packaged, the pres- 
ence of qualified supervisory personnel 
during all stages of manufacture, the 
testing for identity, potency, and purity 
of each batch of raw or bulk ingre- 
dients used in the manufacturing 
process, the establishment of specifica- 
tions and standards for both raw ma- 
terial and finished dosage forms, the 
checking of quantities and identity of 
all material used in formulation, the 
keeping of records covering the manu- 
facturing, finishing and testing oper- 
ations, and the use of some system of 
identifying each lot or batch of a drug 
so that it can be recalled rapidly from 
the market if necessary. 
A manufacturer must also keep a 
reference sample and records of each 
lot of drug produced for a period of 
five years or until the expiration date 
is passed for that drug. Importers of 
drugs must also provide satisfactory 
evidence that Canadian standards have 
been met. 


Advertising and labeling of drugs 
A manufacturer must comply, as 
well, with the Act and Regulations as 
they apply to advertising and labeling 
of drugs. The general label require- 
ments are as follows: the main panel 
of both the inner and outer labels must 
carry the proper name, the standard 
under which the drug was manufac- 
tured, and the proprietary or brand 
name; the common name if there is no 
proper name; the name and address of 
the manufacturer or distributor of the 
drug; the lot number of the drug; 
adequate directions for use; a quan- 
titative list of the medicinal ingredients 
by their proper or common names; on 
the outer label a correct statement of 
net contents, and, where the drug is 
intended for parenteral use, the name 
and proportion of any preservative 
present therein. 
Certain specific groups of drugs re- 
quire additional information on the 
label. Part C of the Regulations lists 
a table of drugs for which limits of 
dosage for adults have been establish- 
ed and their labels must include the 
recommended single and daily adult 


dose or the prescribed fraction of the 
adult dose for the various age groups 
if recommended for use by children. 
If the recommended single or daily 
adult dose exceeds these established 
limits, the label must carry the caution 
that the product is to be used only on 
the advice of a physician. 
Drugs containing acetylsalicylic acid 
and its salts or salicylic acid and its 
salts or salicylamide must carryon 
their labels the statement: "Caution: 
Keep out of reach of children," or 
"Caution: Keep this and all medication 
out of the reach of children," and if 
the drug is recommended for children, 
a cautionary statement to the effect 
that the drug is not to be administered 
to children under two years of age 
except on the advice of a physician. 
The drug phenacetin requires a 
warning statement on the label: "Cau- 
tion: May be injurious if taken in large 
doses or for a long time. Do not 
exceed the recommended dose with- 
out consulting a physician." 
The advertising of over-the-counter 
drugs (that is, those which do not re- 
quire a prescription for sale) on radio 
and television also comes under the 
scrutiny of the Directorate. The Ca- 
nadian Broadcasting Act requires that 
all advertising continuity be reviewed 
by the Directorate. A manufacturer 
may also request the Directorate to 
review the labels and other proposed 
advertising material for a drug and to 
give an opinion as to whether or not 
they comply with the Act and Regu- 
lations. 


Drug schedules 
Incorporated into the Food and 
Drugs Act are eight schedules, A to 
H inclusive. These schedules define 
areas of drug concern and also differ- 
entiate between certain classes of 
drugs. For example, Schedule B lists 
those publications accepted as stand- 
ards of reference for drugs for which 
no Canadian standards have been est- 
ablished. Schedule C comprises in- 
jectables produced from tissue extracts 
including liver extract, anterior pituit- 
ary extract, and insulin, as well as 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 39 



radioactive isotopes. Schedule D refers 
to parenterals including sera, vaccines, 
antibiotics and toxoids. Different con- 
trols and requirements apply to each 
schedule and are outlined in the Act 
and Regulations. 
The Food and Drugs Act lists in 
Schedule A a number of diseases, dis- 
orders and abnormal physical states 
for which no claims of treatment, pre- 
vention or cure may be made for a 
drug. A few of those mentioned are 
alcoholism, cancer, diabetes, and heart 
disease. However, the manufacturer of 
a parenteral or Schedule F drug may 
mention one of the Schedule A condi- 
tions in the inserts accompanying the 
drug, if it is necessary in order to give 
adequate directions for safe use of 
such a drug. 


Schedule C and D drugs 
The Act prohibits the sale of bio- 
logical drugs listed in Schedules C and 
D - injectables produced from tissue 
extracts and radioactive isotopes, and 
parenterals - unless the manufacturer 
holds a licence to sell such drugs. 
Samples and protocols of tests on eaoh 
lot of a new drug that is included in 
Schedule C or D of the Act must be 
submitted to the Laboratory of Hygiene 
of the Department of National Health 
and Welfare for assay, and that lot 
may not be released for distribution 
until the Food and Drug Directorate 
notifies the manufacturer whether it is 
acceptable or not. Usually the product 
is marketed on a release basis for a 
considerable time after it is first in- 
troduced to the trade. 
These drugs carry a Canadian li- 
cence number on the label and the 
licences may be renewed each year 
following an inspection of the manu- 
facturer's premises to ascertain that 
adequate facilities, technical staff, and 
control systems are available. Thus the 
Directorate maintains relatively strict 
control over the quality of biological 
products. 
Schedule F drugs 
Schedule F of the Food and Drugs 
Act lists those drugs for which a pre- 
scription is required and the labels of 
40 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


these drugs must carry the symbol 
"Pr" on the upper left hand corner in 
addition to the aforementioned inform- 
ation. Schedule F drugs may not be 
advertised at any time to the general 
public for human use. 
Schedule G drugs 
Schedule G drugs are referred to as 
controlled drugs and also require a 
prescription. Their labels must carry 
the symbol "C" on the upper left hand 
corner and they, too, cannot be ad- 
vertised to the general public. In ad- 
dition, accurate records of the manu- 
facture, distribution, and sale of these 
drugs must be kept and these opër- 
ations may be carried out only by 
authorized persons. Recent regulations 
have made practitioners responsible for 
maintaining records of their prescribing 
and administering of controlled drugs 
in quantities in excess of a three days' 
supply. All these records must be made 
available to the Department on re- 
quest. 
Amphetamine and its salts, barbi- 
turic acid and its salts and derivatives, 
benzphetamine and its salts, and 
methamphetamine and its salts are 
classes of drugs that fall within Sche- 
dule G. 
Schedule H drugs 
Schedule H of the Food and Drugs 
Act lists two drugs, thalidomide and 
lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), 
which cannot be sold in Canada. 
However, the Regulations provide for 
two exceptions. A manufacturer may 
supply LSD to an institution approved 
by the Department for clinical use or 
laboratory research by qualified in- 
vestigators. Thalidomide may be sup- 
plied as the bulk chemical in powdered 
form to an institution approved by the 
Department for experimental and in- 
vestigational use on animals only, by 
qualified investigators. 
New drugs 
When a manufacturer wishes to 
market what would be considered a 
"new drug" under the regulations, 
there are several steps he must follow. 
First, he submits the findings of his 
tests and research to the Directorate 


-.- 


DRVGS AND ALCOIOL 
DON'T MIX 


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.
 


DKUB PItOTECTION 
MEANS TEANIDKE BT: 



.
 


DON'T IISTE YDUB MONEY 


",". ..... 


MAY 1967 



in the form of a preclinical submission 
and requests permission to distribute 
the new drug to qualified investigators 
for clinical trial. If the Directorate finds 
the preclinical submission in compli- 
ance with the Regulations, a "Notice of 
Acceptance" is issued to the manu- 
facturer giving him this permission. If 
the results of the clinical trial support 
the drug's usefulness, the manufacturer 
then requests permission to market the 
new drug. This application to the 
Directorate is termed a "new drug sub- 
mission" and is a document that often 
consists of 15 to 20 volumes of mater- 
ial. The Directorate reviews the sub- 
mission and if it is found to comply 
with the intent and purpose of the 
Regulations, a "Notice of Compliance" 
is issued to the manufacturer and he 
may then make the drug available for 
sale in accordance with the require- 
ments of the Act and Regulations. 
After the "Notice of Compliance" 
has been issued, a manufacturer must 
notify the Directorate immediately if 
a new drug shows serious side effects 
or new evidence indicates that it might 
be unsafe in any way and he may be 
required to withdraw the new drug 
from the market. 
It should be reiterated here that the 
Directorate does not at any time place 
a stamp of approval on any drug. The 
Regulations place the major share of 
responsibility on the manufacturer to 
provide accurate and detailed inform- 
ation and data for assessment. The 
medical profession must also share 
considerable responsibility in the devel- 
opment of new drugs and in their use 
against disease. The integrity of both 
the manufacturer and the medical pro- 
fession in this respect must be un- 
questionable. 


Adverse reaction reporting program 
The last decade has seen an ava- 
lanche of drugs released and an appar- 
ent sudden increase in drug adverse 
reactions. This has resulted in the 
establishment of a Drug Adverse 
Reaction Reporting Program by the 
Food and Drug Directorate. 
Twelve university teaching hospitals, 
MAY 1967 


in a contractual agreement with the 
Directorate, submit monthly reports 
of a comprehensive nature under the 
"Evaluation and Research System." A 
shorter Alerting Form is used by 
individual doctors, hospitals, and other 
members of the medical and para- 
medical professions, under the "Drug 
Alert System," to report any drug ad- 
verse reaction they experience in their 
practices. 
If similar reports of previously un- 
known reactions to the same drug are 
received, steps are taken to investigate 
the reaction more thoroughly for a 
possible cause-and-eJfect relationship. 


Narcotic control act 
The second Act administered by the 
Food and Drug Directorate is the Nar- 
cotic Control Act which covers the 
classes of drugs listed in its schedule. 
The Act limits the possession of a 
narcotic to those persons so authorized 
by the Regulations. Only these author- 
ized persons may deal with a narcotic 
or import a narcotic into Canada. All 
narcotics must carry the symbol "N" 
on the upper left hand quarter of their 
label and they may not be advertised 
or displayed for sale to the general 
public. 
All narcotics and narcotic prepara- 
tions require a prescription with the ex- 
ception of two classes of over-the- 
counter preparations containing one- 
eighth grain or less of codeine in solid 
form or one-sixth grain of codeine per 
ounce or less in liquid form. The labels 
of these over-the-counter narcotic pre- 
parations must carry the following 
caution; "This preparation contains 
codeine and should not be administer- 
ed to children except on the advice of 
a physician." 
Those persons who are authorized 
to import, possess, or traffic in nar- 
cotics must keep detailed records of all 
such transactions and furnish them on 
request to the Department. The Nar- 
cotics Control Division of the Food 
and Drug Directorate works in close 
liaison with the Royal Canadian 
Mounted Police and other law enforce- 
ment agencies to insure that the pro- 


visions of the Act and Regulations are 
carried out. 


Proprietary or Patent Medecine Act 
The third Act administered by the 
Directorate is the Proprietary or Patent 
Medicine Act which applies to re- 
medies that are not defined in any 
publication of standards. A manufac- 
turer may submit his formula to the 
Directorate for examination and if it 
is found to comply with the Act, a 
registration number, which identifies 
the product, is issued to the manu- 
facturer. The licence to sell these re- 
gistered proprietary medicines must be 
renewed annually with the Depart- 
ment. 
Once again, there are specific label- 
ing requirements for certain ingredients 
outlined in the Act and any advertising 
material to be used on radio or tele- 
vision must be reviewed by the Food 
and Drug Directorate to ensure that 
no false or deliberately misleading 
statements are made about a product. 
Conclusion 
This is just a brief outline of the 
responsibility of the Food and Drug 
Directorate in the field of drugs. The 
Acts are intended to be a protection 
for the Canadian consumer against 
fraud, deception, or danger to health. 
The consumer himself must accept 
some responsibility and become better 
informed on the proper use of drugs. 
Drugs can be miracle workers when 
properly used, but when misused, they 
can turn into deadly killers ! 0 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 41 



In many psychiatric institutions in 
Ontario, there has appeared a relatively 
cew member of the psychiatric team. 
Emotionally disturbed children in such 
institutions now receive their ministra- 
tions not from the psychiatric nurse, 
but from the child care worker. 


Looks after "Iife situation" 
To an observer, the child care 
worker's role seems to be many roles 
wrapped up in one: she is occupational 
therapist, as she helps a child with his 
poster painting; she is physiotherapist 
as she encourages him to participate in 
gym class; she is play therapist as she 
shows him how to shake his tambour- 
ine in the "rhythm and dance" session; 
she is nurse as she bandages his cut 
thumb; and she is mother surrogate as 
she comforts him when he is unhappy. 
All these functions contribute to the 
child care worker's main responsibility: 
to look after "the life situation"* of the 
emotionally disturbed child. In the psy- 
chiatric setting she helps to establish 
a therapeutic milieu, or an environ- 
ment conducive to maturation and 
desired personality changes in the 
child. 
A registered nurse on a unit where 
child care workers are employed would 
be responsible "for providing nursing 
care for physically ill children, and for 
dispensing medication."** 
Available programs 
Several child care programs are of- 
fered in Ontario. One. sponsored by 
42 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


The child care 
worker in psych iatry 


Her arrival on the health team has been welcomed by some, questioned 
by others. 


the provincial department of education, 
is at The Provincial Institute of Trades 
and Occupations in Toronto. Another, 
which has a joint training committee 
with ThistIetown Hospital near Toron- 
to, is given by The Children's Psy- 
chiatric Research Institute in London. 
At ThistIetown Hospital, a children's 
psychiatric institution run by the pro- 
vincial department of health, a two- 
year program has been in operation 
since 1959, and is offered to persons 
who have grade 12 education. Ap- 
plicants with a university degree, a 
diploma in nursing, or a teaching cer- 
tificate, are placed in a special, one- 
year program. At the completion of the 
one or two-year program, a certificate 
in child care work is granted by the 
department of health. 
Böth sexes needed 
Most applicants to ThistIetown's 
program are women, according to Dr. 
J.D. Atcheson, the hospital's super- 
intendent. "We are constantly attempt- 
ing to recruit more males," he said, ' as 
it is extremely important that disturbed 
children receive care from both sexes. 
We prefer persons between the ages of 
20 and 55 years," he added, "and are 
seeking older men and women." 


*J.C. Atcheson, and H.R. Alderton, The 
development and organization of a children's 
psychiatric hospital, CMAJ 91: 158-164, 
July 25, 1964. 
U I bid 


Students at Thistletown are taught 
by psychiatrists, nurses, social work- 
ers, and child care workers. The curri- 
culum includes instruction in child 
development; child health and first aid; 
child psychiatry; family dynamics; 
group dynamics; milieu therapy - a 
course that outlines the principles and 
practices required for a therapeutic en- 
vironment; and activities with children 
- a course that emphasizes the im- 
portance of play to children, and 
teaches the techniques of involving 
children in play activities. 
To date, Thistletown has graduated 
218 child care workers. Over 100 
students presently are enrolled in the 
program. 
Employment 
Graduates of the child care course 
usually are employed in psychiatric 
institutions that provide residential care 
for children. A few work in special 
nursery schools and in supervisory 
case work with children's aid societies. 
The beginning yearly salary for 
child care workers in psychiatric in- 
stitutions is between $4,800 and 
$5,000. Instructors, supervisors, and 
chief child care workers receive salaries 
ranging from $7,200 to $10,000. 


Employed at Clarke Institute 
Carol Lord, an attractive, 24-year- 
old graduate of the Thistletown pro- 
gram, is one of several child care 
workers employed at the Clarke In- 
stitute of Psychiatry in Toronto. She 
MAY 1967 



. 


, 


.' 
.. 


. 


...... 
.. 


, 


speaks with quiet enthusiasm about her 
work with emotionally disturbed chil- 
dren. 
"Caring for these children is very 
satisfying," she says. "Over a period 
of time, we establish close relation- 
ships with each of them, and, in many 
instances, are able to see definite per- 
sonality changes." 
Carol heard about the child care 
course from a friend who was investig- 
ating career opportunities. At that time 
Carol was completing grade 12, having 
been away from school for three years 
at a typing job. 'I've always enjoyed 
children." she says, "so this course 
was exactly what I was searohing for..' 
The two-year course at Thistletown 
was not easy, according to Carol. 
Learning the principles and concepts 
of care, and applying them to hospital- 
ized children were challenges that not 
all her classmates were able to meet. 
Following graduation in 1965, Carol 
remained on Thistletown's staff for a 
year. She began her work at the Clarke 
Institute in the summer of 1966. 


Raised eyebrows 
The child care worker's arrival on 
the psychiatric scene has raised pro- 
fessional eyebrows in some institutions. 
Not everyone is willing to squeeze over 
to make room for her on the health 
team. 
The reservations emerge from eco- 
nomics as well as professional pride. In 
some institutions, the newly graduated 
child care worker receives a salary 


MAY 1967 


. 


1..\ 


I 


\. 


i ; 



 



 


- 


equal to, and sometimes higher than 
that paid to a newly registered nurse. 
This is a little hard on the morale of 
the registered nurse. Another element 
is the disquieting possibility that the 
advent of the child care worker may 
mean that the care given by the re- 
gistered nurse will be confined to 
aduits. One psychiatric nurse expresses 
it this way: "Why should another 
category of worker be introduced to 
care for emotionally disturbed child- 
ren? Our preparation enables us to 
care for any mentally ill person, child 
or adult." 
Adding fuel to the fire is the en- 
thusiastic reception accorded to the 
child care worker by many psy- 
chiatrists. "Frankly, we welcome this 
worker," says one doctor. "The re- 
gistered nurse's training has made her 
so concerned about asepsis and clean- 
liness that she is unable to provide 
warm, emotional support to the di- 
sturbed child." 
Dr. Atcheson, of Thistletown, gives 
a different reason for the introduction 
of this new worker. He believes that 
persons who provide a treatment mi- 
lieu for children need very special 
training. "A training in pediatric and 
psychiatric nursing does not necessarily 
provide the content for such a skill," 
he says. To back his argument, he cites 
examples of nurses who took this spe- 
cialized course because they believed it 
essential for anyone caring for disturbed 
children. Several of these nurses are now 
employed as child care workers. 


Child care worker Carol Lord and 
"friends" at the Clarke Institute 
of Psychiatry in Toronto. 


Applicants increase 
While the pros and cons of the value 
of a specially-prepared group to care 
for emotionally disturbed children are 
being debated, applicants to the child 
care programs in Ontario continue to 
increase. Moreover, persons respons- 
ible for residential care for disturbed 
children in other provinces are express- 
ing interest in such programs. 
It is probable that an applicant to 
a child care program has a motivation 
similar to that of an applicant to a 
school of nursing - the desire to 
become a member of a "helping" pro- 
fession. Why, then, does he or she 
select child care work in preference to 
nursing or some other health career? 
A major reason seems to be the 
desire of the applicant to work ex- 
clusively with children. Another reason 
may be the attraction of a program 
that is two years, rather than three, in 
length. Also, the fact that the student 
child care worker receives $3,120 dur- 
ing his first year of studies, and $4,050 
during his second, at programs spon- 
sored by the provincial department of 
illCalth, undoubtedly influence his or 
her selection. 0 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 43 



Microscopic examination shows 
wast like bodies, some of which are 
isolated. others clumped together. 


44 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


A tropical disease 
in Quebec 


S. Lauzé, M.D. 


X-ray examination of an eight-year- 
old boy disclosed a rather mysterious 
pathological condition. His chest plates 
showed what appeared to be nodules 
or small growths in the mediastinum. 
Physical effort caused breathlessness. 
Clinical specialists examined the lad 
and believed that the lesions were in- 
active and the disease itself quiescent. 
Naturally, under these circum- 
stances, tuberculosis was suspect. Thor- 
ough investigation followed, including 
chest x-rays of the family. Results were 
negative, thus ruling out one possible 
source of tuberculosis infection. The 
child had been born in hospital and his 
mother had taken complete care of him 
subsequently. The only other person 
who might have infected the baby was 
a grandmother whose visits tended to 
be frequent and lengthy. In spite of 
an efforts at tactful persuasion, it was 
not possible to have her x-rayed. 
The family finally decided to allow 
the child to be admitted to hospital 
for intensive investigation and diag- 
nosis. A variety of tests failed to pro- 
duce any new information and thoracic 
surgery was considered necessary. At 
operation, multiple growths could be 
seen, some closely adherent to the 
trachea. Others were scattered over 
the lung surface. Removal of the tra- 
cheal growths would have caused more 
harm than good. Tissue for biopsy 
was obtained which, in the opinion 
of the pathologist, showed all of the 
familiar characteristics of tuberculosis. 
However, even with the help of spe- 
cial staining techniques, he failed to 
isolate the organism. 
For practical reasons the youngster 
underwent treatment for tuberculosis. 
This involved numerous injections into 
his buttocks for which he has yet to 
forgive both his doctor and his uncle, 
the pathologist. There matters rested 
until the day that the pathologist dis- 
covered that these "tubercular" lesions 
rarely contained tubercle bacilli. Then 
he began his search for another 
agent. Eventually his investigation led 


Dr. Lauzé is chief of the department of 
pathological anatomy. Hôpital Notre-Dame, 
Montreal. Quebec. 


- 


him to suspect a fungus well known to 
research workers in tropical and sub- 
tropical zones, but relatively unfamiliar 
in this climate. 
This organism, histoplasma by name, 
is a very tiny yeast, first identified by 
a pathologist, Darling, in 1905. He 
had found it in a man in Panama 
who died from an acute infection. 
Surprisingly, pathologists later dis- 
covered that more than half of the 
lesions attributed to the tubercle bacilli 
in our region were, in reality, caused 
by this particular fungus. A solution 
containing silver aids in identifiying 
the fungus. 
Re-examination of the little eight- 
year-old confirmed that his lesions con- 
tained many histoplasma that rou- 
tine examination had failed to disclose. 
This fungus is widely distributed 
in the earth. [t flourishes especially 
well in the soil found under old hen- 
yards. Hens are the chief carriers of 
the histoplasma, although they do not 
become infected themselves. Other 
types of birds as wen as bats also har- 
bor the organism. 
This little boy had grown up in a 
new home in a Montreal suburb built 
on the site of an old farm. As a baby, 
he had dined greedily on the good 
earth! 
Histoplasma can also cause an acute 
and fatal illness akin to "galloping 
consumption" in its characteristics. An 
old Egyptian legend has it that anyone 
desecrating the pyramids was doomed 
to die violently within a year of the 
time that the tomb was entered. Au- 
topsies performed on modern archeo- 
logists who have succumbed to acute 
illness following their "digs" in the 
pyramids have confirmed that death 
was due to massive infection by this 
fungi, probably deposited by bats. 
Identification of the organism is im- 
portant for the lesion imitates the 
caseous granuloma of tuberculosis. 
Histoplasmosis is non-contagious from 
person-to-person in contrast to tuber- 
culosis, thus isolation in a sanatorium 
or similar institution is unnecessary. 
Today the hero of this story is a 
fine young man, standing a good foot 
taller than his father. 


MAY 1967 



books 


Nutrition and Physical Fitness, 8ed., 
by L. Jean Bogert, Ph.D., George M. 
Briggs, Ph.D. and Doris Howes Calloway, 
Ph.D 614 pages. Saunders, available in 
Canada from McAinsh & Co. of Toronto 
and Vancouver, 1966. 
Reviewed by Miss Elizabeth Campbell, 
teaching dietitian, Faculty of Medicine, 
Dalhousie University, and Mrs. Jocelyne 
Nielsen, lecturer, School of Nursing, 
Dalhousie University. 


The original author of this basic text 
book, Dr. Jean Bogert, states that the main 
purpose of this 1966 revision is to give the 
study of nutrition greater depth through 
consideration of various discoveries of the 
last decade. Basically, the book has a 
scientific approach but the authors have 
cleverly blended science with a consider- 
ation of the practical and human aspects of 
eating. It is designed for college or post- 
high school students who already" have an 
understanding of basic science. 
The nutritional information is up-to-date. 
Most references at the end of each chapter 
are publications of the 1960's. Unfortun- 
ately the dietary recommendations are from 
the American Food and Nutrition Board 
and although the explanations of safety 
factors would permit substitution of Can- 
adian figures and rationale, this feature 
alone detracts from the value of this book 
for Canadian use. 
The book is essentially a nutrition text 
and does not attempt to include diet ther- 
apy. It is divided into four parts. The first 
half of the book, or 17 chapters, considers 
the body needs. The authors have added 
results of recent research on body utili- 
zation and metabolism of various nutrients. 
The energy nutrients, carbohydrates, fats 
and fatty acids, proteins and amino acids 
are considered at length and include recent 
biochemical discoveries. Macro- and micro- 
minerals are studied extensively in their 
influence and relationship to metabolism. 
The section on vitamins is also enlarged 
and the B-complex is given an interesting 
and complete coverage. 
Part Two on "Body Processes" is also 
new. This is a welcome addition to a 
standard nutrition text. It would be of 
greater value to students of nutrition who 
have a limited background in physiology 
and metabolism. Diets for various condi- 
tions are studied in Part Three. Special at- 
tention is given to teenagers. Weight control 
is treated objectively and fallacies of cer- 
tain reducing diets are pointed out very 
skillfully throughout this section. 
MAY 1967 


Economics of food is discussed in the 
last part, entitled "Meal Planning." The 
practical view expressed would be of great 
help to health workers involved in planning 
meals with families of various income 
groups. A chapter on fads or fallacies and 
one on the world food situation are timely 
additions to this last section. 
Most chapters adequately cover recent 
developments. One glaring omission is a 
consideration of carbohydrates and their 
relation to dental caries. Each chapter is 
well illustrated, occasionally in color. 
Tables, appendix, and figures are all well 
presented. Some diagrams, especially those 
explaining the bio-chemical processes, ap- 
pear juvenile and not in keeping with the 
academic quality of the text itself. A few 
photographs are out of date, particularly 
those showing teenagers of today. 
Irregardless of these minor faults and 
criticisms, this book should find many 
readers among students of nutrition and 
health sciences who have an elementary 
background in chemistry and biology. All 
nurses concerned with the application of 
scientific principles of good nutrition will 
welcome this well-written text. 


Basic Concepts of Anatomy and Phy- 
siology by W. B. Dean, G. E. Farrar, 
Jr., M.D. and A. J. Zoldos. 346 pages. 
Toronto, Lippincott, 1966. 
Reviewed by Miss Lucille Peszat, lec- 
turer, University of Ottawa School of 
Nursing, Ottawa. 


This book uses the program approach to 
provide basic information on anatomy and 
physiology. Presentation is simple and 
concise, with each of the nine chapters 
devoted to a specific area of anatomical 
and physiological interest. The foundation 
of the book is laid in the first two chapters 
- "Basic Biological Concepts" and the 
"Human Cell." "Information from these 
chapters is utilized throughout the remain- 
ing seven: "Human Tissues," "Skin and 
Skeleton," "Respiratory System," "Circu- 
latory System," "Nervous System," "En- 
docrine System," "Genito-Urinary System," 
and "Digestive System." 
The student is able to progress through 
these chapters by completing simply-con- 
structed frames. By filling in blanks or 
answering multiple-choice q:Jestions, he 
actively participates in the learning process. 
Answers are readily available within the 
text and the student can progress at his 


own rate. Although most frames are simply 
constructed, some branching is seen. 
This book provides a firm foundation of 
basic concepts in anatomy and physiology. 
Especially noteworthy are the large number 
of drawings used to illustrate many of the 
frames. However, there does appear to be 
greater concentration on anatomy with 
physiological content kept relatively simple. 
Chapters worthy of mention include 
those on the nervous system, which present 
rather intense matter in a relatively simple 
yet challenging manner. 
Not available in this text is a breakdown 
of content within each chapter, nor is there 
an index listing. Therefore the student is 
unable to make special reference to any 
one item or concept, but must progress 
through the whole chapter to gain specific 
knowledge. No additional bibliography or 
additional readings are listed to supplement 
the material presented. 
This book has potential as a beginning 
text for students who have little or no 
knowledge of anatomy and physiology. It 
could also be used as a reviewing aid by 
students who have taken beginning biology 
or anatomy and physiology or for student 
nurses who may wish to recall previously 
acquired knowledge before proceeding to 
more advanced theory. 
Because of the lack of depth in certain 
areas, this text may have greater implication 
for programs where a basic knowledge of 
anatomy and physiology may be required 
or desired - for example, in programs for 
nursing assistants, orderlies, medical sec- 
retaries, technicians or individuals taking 
specialized courses in first aid. 
Supplemented by more advanced text 
books in anatomy and physiology, this book 
could be an asset in a school of nursing 
library. 


Rehabilitation Services in Hospitals 
and Related Facilities. 66 pages. 
Chicago, American Hospital Association, 
1966. 
Reviewed by Mrs. H. McMinn, director 
of nursing service, Provincial Geriatric & 
Rehabilitation Center, Regina, Sask. 


This guide provides a comprehensive 
understanding of rehabilitation services and 
their function as a component part of 
medical care. It is directed generally to 
persons responsible for patient care pro- 
grams and specifically to persons with 
limited knowledge of rehabilitation services. 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 45 



Opiates, radiation therapy, 
oral contraceptives, motion, 
ver · 
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ant · otics... 


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FRANK W. HORNER LIMITED. MONTREAL, CANADA 



Next Month 
in 


The 
Canadian 
Nurse 


. Series on Modem 
Psychiatric Care 


. Hemophilia 


. Attitudes of Nurses 
to Nursing 


ð 

 


Photo credits 


Toronto Star Syndicate, p. 13 


University of Montreal. p. 15 


Henry Koro, Montreal, p. 15 


St. Paul's Hospital 
Photo Lab., Vancouver, p. 32 


National Health and Welfare, pp. 
36,40 


Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, 
Toronto, p. 44 


MAY 1967 


books 


(Continued from page 45) 


As a manual, it does not deal with clin- 
ical practices; it does place emphasis on 
functions and management. As a guide, the 
material is presented in such a way as to 
be of practical use in planning and initiating 
a rehabilitation program or improving an 
existing program. 
The titles of the various sections give 
insight into the aspects of the subjects 
that are covered. These include: "Rehabili- 
tation -An Integral Part of Medical Care"; 
"Planning a Rehabilitation Program"; 
"Managing the Rehabilitation Program"; 
and "Housing the Program." 
The chapter on "Evaluating the Pro- 
gram" is written as a series of questions. 
It is thus an excellent check-list for any 
established or new rehabilitation program. 
The listed general references, visual 
aids, and sources of professional informa- 
tion add considerably to this informative 
but concise booklet. 


Psychology 8S Applied to Nursing, 
4 ed., by Andrew McGhie, M.A. Ph.D. 
344 pages. Toronto, Macmillan of Can- 
ada, 1966. 
Reviewed by Mrs. Joan Mills, instructor, 
Dept. Nursing Education, Sf. Francis 
Xavier University School of Nursing, 
Antigonish, N.S. 


This text, as the author states, is directed 
at the student nurse, to help make the 
introduction of psychology in her education 
as painless as possible. Throughout the 
book the author is very much aware of 
the nursing student and frequently points 
out an analogy between the case in point 
and the hospital setting. 
The material is presented in five main 
sections. Each chapter inc1udes a summary 
and a few questions to help the reader 
formulate opinions on the subject covered. 
The first section deals with the psy- 
chological aspects of human development 
from childhood, adolescence, adulthood to 
old age. In dealing with "the infant's rel- 
ations with others," the author postulates 
the theory that the infant is "incapable of 
forming any permanent relationship to the 
mother during the first six months of life." 
He states that the normal infant shows a 
need to be stimulated but his need is not 
discriminative in that it does not appear 
to be attached to any particular person. 
And again with breast feeding "it seems 
unlikely that the infant, during the first six 
months of life, experiences any differenti- 
ation between the breast and the bottle." 
He hastens to add that the importance of 
mothering during this period must not be 
underestimated. This section might be 


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THE CANADIAN NURSE 47 



books 


lacking in depth of scientific explanation, 
but it should provoke some stimulating 
discussion. 
Adolescent behavior, with all its ups and 
downs. is presented in an easily read, 
factual manner. The student who fits into 
this age group will undoubtedly find this 
of special interest. 
The author presents the individual, in 
each stage of development - child, adol- 
escent, adult - as a patient in hospital. 
These brief sections should reinforce the 
nurse's understanding of the problems of 
adaptation to hospital life experienced by 
different age groups. 
Part II, "Assessment of Personality," is 
devoted to intelligence and personality tests: 
the types, uses and limitations of these in 
assessing human behavior. 
Section III is concerned with human 
motivation. Instincts, attitudes, opinions, 
unconscious motivation, heredity and en- 
vironment and environmental stimulation 
make up the content of this section. Some 
previously held ideas regarding the influ- 
ence of instincts upon human behavior are 
questioned and the author substitutes a new 
concept, which, though more limited, is 
more scientific in its formulation. Some of 
the ways in which we react to changes in 
the relationship between ourselves and the 
outside world are considered in this unit. 
The section on interaction with the envir- 
onment examines the processes that govern 
human behavior. The student will read with 
interest the chapter on learning and re- 
membering and should obtain some practical 
value from it. 
In the last section, the author takes a 
brief look at "group processes" to remind 
us "that we live not in a vacuum, but as 
part of a complicated social pattern." Re- 
ference is made to norms operating in 
different cultures and it is pointed out that 
if an individual steps outside the norm of 
his particular society or group he is ostroci- 
zed by his own society. 
Throughout this book the author has 
developed two broad themes: 
1. The individual owes it to himself to 
achieve his potential. 
2. We are inclined to exaggerate the 
rational nature of human behavior. 
This is a concise, well-written, and easily 
read book, interspersed with fla
hes of 
humor that add to its appeal. There are 
times when one disagrees with some of the 
author's broad statements, but as he states 
himself, "successful teaching becomes suc- 
cessful only at the point where the student 
begins to question the ideas and conclusions 
of his teacher." However, this book should 
not be substituted for a psychology text 
book for students in schools of nursing. 


48 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Personal and V ocationaI Relation- 
ships of the Practical Nurse 
by Marion Keith Stevens, B.S., R.N. 309 
pages. A W. B. Saunders publication, 
available in Canada from McAinsh & 
Company, Toronto and Vancouver, 1967. 
Reviewed by Mrs. Kathleen Johnstone, 
coordinator, Vancouver Vocational In- 
stitute, Practical Nursing Department, 
Vancouver, B.C. 
In the chapter on communication, the 


author writes: "The primary purpose of 
words is to convey ideas. If they fail to 
do this they are valueless. The long word 
is not necessarily the apt word." She dem- 
onstrates her own belief in this quotation 
throughout the book. She has avoided the 
"long-word expression" and the "pseudo- 
intellectual vocabulary" and has produced 
an interesting, readable, and most inform- 
ative book. She maintains a consistently 
high level of interest through a simple 
direct style and apt anecdotes. 


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The book is divided into five parts; the 
first one "Relationships of One Person to 
Another" is the most detailed. 
The first chapter, "The Image of The 
Nurse" has a pertinent and humorous 
questionnaire on "How You Appear to 
Others." Chapters on personality, emotions, 
and mental mechanisms should help the 
nurse to better self-knowledge. In the 
chapter on motivation, the author writes, 
"Paramount to understanding the behaviour 
of other persons is the need to understand 
our own behaviour." 
There is an interesting chapter on rules 
of conduct that includes the American 
Nurses' Association code of ethics for pro- 
fessional nurses; a code of hospital ethics; 
the Nightingale pledge; pledge of the Army 
Nurse Corps; the flight nurse creed; and 
the Oath of Hippocrates. A few valuable 
pointers are given on etiquette. Of good 
manners, the author says, "They are the 
lubricant which causes the mechanism of a 
relationship to run smoothly." 
Other chapters in the first part deal with 
laws of learning, tests and examinations, 
and also give the names and addresses of 
magazines of interest to the practical nurse. 
Part two deals with the relationships of 
the nurse and the patient. The author De- 
lieves that the old idea "the nurse must not 
become emotionally involved with the pa- 
tient" should be amended to read, "The 
nurse must not become emotional." She 
stresses that the nurse must become invol- 
ved. This section continues with a description 
of patients and problems that the nurse 
may become involved in - pain, dis- 
ability, terminal illness, the new mother, 
the child, etc.. and in each case makes 
helpful suggestions as to how the nurse 
might guide the relationship. 
The third part deals with relationships 
with other people in the hospital. Nursing 
service organization is explained and the 
lines of authority clarified. Then the nurse's 
relationships with doctors and her place in 
the nursing team is discussed. There are 
excellent suggestions to guide the nurse in 
her relationship with visitors. 
Part four, "The Relationship of The 
Nurse With Professional Groups," begins 
with a concise history of nursing and dis- 
cusses related organizations including the 
World Health Organization and community 
health. 
In the last section, "Economics and the 
Nurse," suggestions are given on applying. 
evaluating, and resigning from a job. In 
the chapter "Your Money," the value of 
the information on taxes, social security, 
and medicare would seem to be limited, and 
might tend to date the book. The chapter 
(C01ltillued Oil paRe 50) 


MAY 1967 


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THE CANADIAN NURSE 49 



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50 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


books 


(Continued from paRe 49) 
on the nurse and the law is more sig- 
nificant as it deals with principles rather 
than particular situations. 
Throughout the book, the author has 
been able to present good ideas in a very 
interesting way. The Manual for Teachers 
is very helpful. It contains thought-provok- 
ing situations for discussion and gives good 
references. 


accession list 


Publications in this list of material 
received recently in the CNA library are 
shown in language of source. The majority 
(refence material and theses, indicated by 
R excepted) may be borrowed by CNA 
members, and by libraries of hospitals ålld 
schools of nursing and other institutions. 
Requests for loans should be made on the 
"Request Form for Accession List"' (page 
52) and should be addressed to: The 
Library, Canadian Nurses' Association, 50 
The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario. 


BOOKS AND DOCUMENTS 
I. A breviations utiliSlées en médecine 
et en biologie medicale. Paris, Publie par 
I'Union internationale de la Pre sse medicale, 
1963? n.p. R 
2. Annotated guide to health instruction 
materials in Canada, compiled by the 
School Health Committee of the Canadian 
Health Education Specialists Society. 2d 
ed. Ottawa, 1967. 105p. 
3. The complete gamut of progressive 
patient care in a community hospital by 
Lewis E. Weeks. Battle Creek, Mich., W. K. 
Kellogg Foundation, 1966. 55p. 
4. Dictionary of Canadian biography. 
General editor: George W. Brown, Tor- 
onto, University of Toronto Press, 1966. 
177p. R 
5. Emerging strategies and structures 
for educational changes. Proceedings of the 
Anniversary Invitational Conference June 
12-15, 1966. Toronto, Ontario Institute for 
Studies in Education, 1966. 177p. 
6. The health sciences in Ontario uni- 
versities; recent experience and prospects 
for the next decade. Toronto, Committee 
of Presidents of Universities of Ontario, 
Presidents' Research Committee, 1966. 26p. 
7. The hospitals yearbook, 1967; an 
annual record of the hospitals of Great 
Britain and Northern Ireland. London, 
Institute of Hospital Administrators, 1966. 
1318p. R 
8. Introducing nutrition by Helen And- 
rews Guthrie. St. Louis, Mosby, 1967. 464p. 


9. Nursing service. Staff utilization and 
control program orientation report. rev. 
Los Angeles, Commission for Adminis- 
trative Services in Hospitals, 1966. 1 v. 
(Loose leaf) 
10. The nursing clinics of North Amer- 
ica, v. 2, no. I. March 1967. Philadelphia, 
Saunders. 214p. Contents: radiation uses 
and hazards; the nurse and the law; law 
and the nurse - the Canadian position. 
II. Nutrition and diet modifications for 
the nurse by Carolynn E. Townsend, 
Albany, N.Y. Delmar, c1966. 202p. 
12. Nutrition and diet modifications for 
the nurse, instructor's guide, by Carolynn 
E. Townsend. Albany, N.Y. Delmar, 1966. 
32p. 
13. Principles of management. an anal- 
ysis of marwgeriul functions by Harold 
Koontz and Cyril O'Donnell, 2d. ed. New 
York, McGraw-Hili, 1959. 718p. 
14. Problem solving discussions and 
conferences: leadership methods and skills 
by Norman R. F. Maier. New York. 
McGraw-Hili, 1963. 261p. 
15. Procedures of accrediting educatioll 
in the professions: a series of reports, 
Washington, National Commission on Ac- 
crediting, 1964-1966. 25pts in I. 
16. Prophylaxie des maladies transmis- 
sibles, a [,homme. Rapport officiel du Co- 
mite des maladies transmissibles, Asso- 
ciatino americaine de santé publique. New 
York, 1965; Adaptation française. Ottawa, 
Ministere de la Sante national et du Bien- 
etre social, 1966. 359p. 
17. The psychology of the sick bed by 
J. H. van den Berg. Pittsburgh. Duquesne 
University Press, c1966. 136p. 
18. A quality control plan for nursing 
service. Los Angeles, Commission for Ad- 
ministrative Services in Hospitals, 1965. 
33p. 
19. Ralldom House dictionary of the 
English language, edited by Jess Stein. 
New York, Random House, 1966. 2059p. R 
20. Répertoire de l'lnstitut Canadien 
d'Education des Adultes. Montreal, 1967. 
iv. (looseleaf) R 
21. The role of colleges and wli
'ersities 
in assisting developing countries in the 
field of nursing educatIOn. Report of a 
conference held by Dept. of Baccalaureate 
and Higher Degree Programs of the Na- 
tional League for Nursing in Detroit, Mich., 
Sept. 8-9, 1966. New York. National 
League for Nursing, 1966. 42p. 
22. Schizophrenies ill the commullity: 
an experimental study in the prevention of 
hospitalization by Benjamin Passmanick, 
Frank R. Scarpitti and Simon Dinitz. New 
York, Appleton Century Crofts, c1967. 
448p. 
23. Schools of professional nursin!: ill 
New York State Department of Mental 
Hygiene 1942-62, by Lillian V. Salaman. 
New York, Graduate School of Arts and 
Science, New York University, 1964, 
c1965. 196p. 


MAY 1967 



[ accession list 


24. Standards for accreditation of Can- 
adian mental hospitals. Toronto, Canadian 
Council on Hospital Accreditation, 1964. 
2v in 1. 
25. A study to determine the readiness 
of nurses to use independent judgement, in 
determining what to teU and teach patients 
about medicines by Marie J. Zimmer. New 
York, National League for Nursing, 1967. 
114p. (League exchange no. 80) 
26. Time off with pay. New York, Na- 
tional Industrial Conference Board, cl965. 
84p. 
27. To-day's health guide. A manual of 
health information and guidance for the 
American family. Edited by W. W. Bauer. 
Chicago, American Medical Association, 
cl965. 624p. 
28. World Health Organization. Expert 
Committee on the Midwife in Maternity 
Care. Oct. 19-25, 1965. Report. Geneva, 
World Health Organization, 1966. 2Op. 
(WHO Technical report no. 331) 
29. World Health Organization. Expert 
Committee on Nursing. Geneva, 26 April- 
2 May, 1966. Fifth report. Geneva, 
1966. 32p. (WHO Technical report no 347) 


30. The world year book of education, 
1965. The education explosion edited by 
George Z.F. Bereday and Joseph A. 
Lauwerys, London, Evans, 1965. 498p. 


PAMPHLETS 
31. Associated degree education for 
nursing. New York, National League for 
Nursing, Dept. of Associate Degree Prog- 
rams, 1967. 5p. 
32. The changing cultural patterns of 
work and leisure by Margaret Mead. Wash- 
ington, U.S. Dept. of Labor, Manpower 
Administration, 1966. 38p. 
33. The development of a new drug in 
a pharmaceutical firm. Address by G. E. 
Paget presented at a meeting of the British 
Association for the Advancement of Sci- 
ence. Reprint. London, The Advancement 
of Science, February 1967. lOp. 
34. Education for nursing the diploma 
way. New York, National League for 
Nursing, 1966. 42p. 
35. Emer[?enc}' health services informa- 
tional and educaJÍonal programs: develop- 
ment and present status by F. C. Pace. 
Ottawa, 1967. Reprinted from The Can- 
adian Medical Association Journal 96:221- 
225, Jan. 28, 1967. 5p. 
36. Fluoridation in Canada, 1966. Tor- 
onto, Canadian Dental Association, Bureau 
of Economic Research, 1966. 9p. 
37. Guidelines for assessing the nursing 


.. 


Å. 


I( 


I 


CHASE 
HOSPITAL 
DOLLS 


For demonstrating and practicing the 
newest nursing techniques - lavage and 
gavage - tracheotomy and colostomy, 
and their post-operation care - nasal 
and otic irrigations - catheterization and 
all abdominal irrigations - subcutane- 
ous, intramuscular and intradermal injec- 
tions - and all standard nursing procedures. 
Let us tell you about the new features we 
have added to this world-famous teaching 
aid. Write to 
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MAY 1967 


education needs of a community. New 
York, National League for Nursing, 1967. 
lip. 
38. Guidelines to collective bargaining 
for nurses in A Iberta. Edmonton, Alberta 
Association of Registered Nurses, Employ- 
ment Relations Committee, 1966. 5p. 
39. Guiding principles for the provision 
of occupational health services. Toronto, 
Canadian Medical Association, 1964. 8p. 
40. Horne Care by David Littauer, I. 
Jerome Fiance and Albert F. Wessen. 
Chicago, American Hospital Association, 
cl961. 110p. (Hospital monograph series 
no. 9) 
41. L'infirmière auxiliaire; aperçu de 
législation comparée. Genève, Organization 
Mondiale de la Santé. 1966. 39p. 
42. Investment in poor people by Theo- 
dore Schultz. Washington, U.S. Dept. of 
Labor, 1966. 26p. 
43. It takes more than words; a teacher 
listens in at the 1965 Canadian Youth 
Conference on Smoking and Health by 
W. J. MeUor, Ottawa, Dept. of National 
Health and Welfare, 1966. 7p. 
44. Practical nursing education to-day; 
report of the 1965 survey of 722 practical 
nursing programs. New York, NLN. 1966. 
33p. 
45. A teenager looks at smoking. Im- 
pression of the Canadian Conference on 
Smoking and Health, May 12-14, 1965, by 


Heartburn's one of the worst kinds of 
indigestion. And Tums are the best way 
of relieving it. Wherever you are take 
Tums; they need no water, taste pleas- 
antly minty, act fast to bring long-last- 
ing relief from heartburn, gas and indi- 
gestion, and cost so little. Tums fight 
acid indigestion so well because the y 
consume 93 times their own we ig ht in 
excess stomach acid - So take heart, 
heartburn sufferers - take Tums for 
quick relief. 


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 U 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 51 



accession list 


Hilary Lips. Onawa, Dept. of National 
Health and Welfare, 1966. 8p. 


GO\ ERNMFNT DOCUMENTS 
46. Bureau of Statistics. Census of 
Cal/ada 1961, vol. 7, pt. 2. General review. 
Canadian families. Ottawa, Queen's Printer. 
1967. (Cat. no. 99-526) 62p. 
47. Bureau of Statistics. Hospital mor- 
hidit.\' 1962. Onawa, Queen's Printer, 1967. 
1:!3p_ (CaL no. 82-525) 
48. Bureau of Statistics. Mental health 
statistics 1964. Institutional admissions and 
separations. Ottawa, Queen's Printer, 1967. 
181p. 
49. Bureau federale de la Statistique. 
La morbidite IlOspitaUere 1962. Ottawa, 
Imprimeur de la reine, 1967. 123p. (Cat. 
no. 82-525) 
50. Dept. of Indian Affairs and Nortn- 
ern Development. People of light and dark, 
edited by Maja van Steensel. Ottawa, 
Queen's Printer, 1966. 156p. 
51. Dept. of National Health and Wel- 
fare. Changes in legislation in general 
assistance, mothers' allowances and living 
accomodations for the elderly in Canada, 
1964 and 1965. Ottawa, 1966. 26p. 
52. Dept. of National Health and Wel- 
fare. Del/tal effects of water on fluorid- 


atiol/. Report 1954-1963. Ottawa, 1954- 
1964. 7v. 
53. Dept. of National Health and Wel- 
fare. Research and Statistics Directorate. 
Prol'incial health services by province. 
Onawa. 1966. 234p. 
54. Ministere du Travail. Direction de 
I'Economique et des Recherches. Organi- 
satiol/s de tramilleurs au Canada 1966. 55 
ieme ed. Ottawa, Imprimeur de la reine, 
1966, 1l0p. 
55. National Research Council of Can- 
ada, NRC rniew, 1966-0000. Ottawa, 
Queen's Printer, 1966. 310p. 
56. Royal Commission on Health Serv- 
ices. Psychiatric care in Canada, extent 
and results by Alex Richman. Ottawa, 
Queen's Printer, 1967. 459p. 


Great Britaill 
57. Central Office of Information, Re- 
ference Division. Health services in Britain 
rev. London, 1964. 68p. 


Ontario 
58. Select Committee on Aging, 1964- 
1967. Final recommendations tabled dur- 
illg the fifth session of the twenty seventh 
legislature. Toronto, Queen's Printer, 1967. 
42p. 


United States 
59. Dept. of Health, Education and 
Welfare, Office of the Assistant Secretary 
for Program Coordination. Job develop- 


ment alld training for workers in health 
services. Reprint. Health Education and 
Welfare Indicators. Aug. 1966. Washing- 
ton, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1966. 12p. 
60. Dept. of Health, Education and 
Welfare, Public Health Service. Cerebro- 
vascular disease epidemiology. A work- 
shop. Washington, 1966. 69p. 
61. Dept. of Health, Education and 
Welfare, Public Health Service. Compre- 
hensh'e care services in YOur community. 
Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1967. 
54p. 


STUDIES DEPOSITED IN CNA REPOSITORY 
COLLECTION 
62. History of Saint Joseph's School of 
Nursing Victoria, British Columbia, Can- 
ada 1900-1960, by Sister Mary Beatrice 
Wambeke. St. Louis, Mo., 1960. Thesis 
(M.Sc.N.Ed.) - St. Louis University, 
192p. R 
63. La myasthenic grave et les soins du 
nursing par Gilberte Beaulieu. Travail de 
recherche présenté à l'Institut Marguerite 
d'Youville, 1963. 158p. R 
64. The second twenty years in the 
historical development of nursillg educatioll 
at Laval Ulliversity by Sister Berthe Le- 
sage. Thesis (M.Sc.N.) - Catholic Uni- 
versity of America, 1965. 87p. R 
65. A study of the unit manager con- 
cept ill action by Sister M. Celestine O'Sul- 
livan. Thesis (M.Sc.N.) - University of 
Western Ontario, 1963. 126p. R 


Request Form for "Accession List" 
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52 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


MAY 1967 



I 
r 


classified advertisements 


ALBERTA 


BRITISH COLUMBIA 


Associat. Director of Nursing S.rvice responsible 
for nursing service in 200-bed general hospital. 
University prepraration and experience essential. 
Apply Director of Nursing Lethbridge Municipal 
Hospilal, Lelhbridge, Alberla. 1.57-1 


NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in aclive 30-bed hospilal, 
recently constructed building_ Town on main line of 
Ihe C.P.R. and an Number 1 highway, midway 
between the cities of Calgary and Medicine Hat. 
Nurses on slaff musl be willing and able 10 lake re- 
sponsibility in all departments of nursing, with the 
exceptions of the Operating Room. Recently renovated 
nurses' residence with all single rooms situated on 
hospilal grounds. Apply 10: Mrs. M. Hislop, Adminis- 
trator and Director af Nursing, Bassano General Hos- 
pilol, Bassano, Alberla. 1-5-1 


General Duty Nurles for active, accredited, well. 
equipped 64.bed hospital in growing town, population 
3,500. Salaries range from $380-$440 commensurale 
with experience, other benefits. Nurses residence. 
Excellent personnel policies and working conditions. 
New modern wing opened this year. Good commu- 
nications to large nearby cities. Apply Director of 
Nursing, Brooks General Hospilal, Brooks. Alberla. 
1-13-IB 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES - Salary range - $4,320 
10 $5,460 per annum, 40 hour week. Modern living. 
in facilities available at moderate rates, if desired. 
Civil Service holiday, sick leave and pension bene- 
fits. Starting salary commensurate with training 
and experience. Apply to: Superintendent af Nurses, 
Baker Memorial Sanatorium, Box 72, Calgary, 
Alberla. 1-14-3 A 


ADVERTISING 
RATES 


FOR All 


ClASSIFIED ADVERTISING 


$10.00 for 6 lines or less 
$2.00 for each additional line 


Rates for display 
advertisements on request 


Closing date for copy and cancellation is 
6 weeks prior to 1st day of publication 
month. 
The CanadIan Nurses' Association has 
not yet reviewed the personnel policies 
of the hospitals and agencies advertising 
in the Journal. For authentic information, 
prospective applicants should apply to 
the Registered Nurses' Association of the 
Province in which they are interested 
in working. 


Address correspondence to: 


The 
Canadian 
 
Nurse 
 


50 THE DRIVEWAY 
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO. 


MAY 1967 


I I 


ALBERTA 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 64-bed, aclive Irealmenl 
hospilal, 35 miles Soulh of Calgary. Salary range 
$360 - $420. Living accommodalion available in 
separate residence if desired. Full maintenance in 
residence $35 per monlh. 30 days paid vacalion after 
12 monlhs employmenl. Please appl y 10: The Direclor 
of Nursing, High River Municipa Hospital, High 
River, Alberle. 1.46-1 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Modern 26-bed hospital 
close 10 Edmonlon. 3 buses doily. Salary $360_00 10 
$420.00 per month commensurate with experience. 
Residence available $35.00 per monlh. Excellenl 
personnel policies. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Mayerlho'pe Municipal Hospilal, Mayerlhorpe, AI- 
berla. 1-61-1 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 94.bed General Hospilol 
localed in Alberla's unique Dinosaur Bodlands. $360 
- $420 per monlh, 40 hour week, 31 days vocal ion, 
pension, Blue Cross, M.S.I. and generous sick time. 
Apply to: Miss M. Hawkes, Director of Nursing, Drum- 
heller General Hospilal, Drumheller, Alberlo. 1-31-2 A 


BRITISH COLUMBIA 


ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL, VICTORIA, B.C.: Inviles 
B.C. Regislered Nurses (or Ihose eligible) Ie apply 
for Ihese posilions: SUPERVISOR for a 42-bed Psychia. 
tric Unit. HEAD NURSE for modern Post-Operalive 
Recovery Room. GENERAL STAFF for Psychialric Unit. 
Apply indicating preparation and experience to: 
Director of Nursing, Victoria, British Columbia. 
2-76.4A 


Operaling Room Head Nurse ($464. $552), General 
Duly Nurses (B.C. Regislered $405 - $481, non-Regis- 
lered $390) for fully accredited 113-bed hospilal in 
N.W. B.C. Excellent fishing, skiing, skating, curling 
and bowling_ Hot springs sWimming nearby. Nurses' 
residence, room $20 per month. Cafeteria meals. 
Apply: Direclor of Nursing, Kilimal General Hospilal, 
Kilimal, Brilish Columbia. 2-36-1 


Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, B.C., invites B.C. 
Regislered Nurse. (or Ihose eligible) 10 apply for 
positions in Medicine Surgery and Psychiatry. Apply 
ta: Director of Nursing. Victoria, British Columbia. 
2-76-4A 


A Medical-Surgical Nursing Instructor, with University 
preparolion, for a 450-bed hospilal wilh a school of 
nursing, 150 sludenls. Apply: Sisler Mary Ronalda, 
M.N., Director, School of Nursing, SI. Joseph's Hos- 
pilal, ViCloria, B.C. 2-76.5B 


PSYCHIATRIC CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR required by 
ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL, KAMLOOPS, Brilish Col- 
umbia. For further information write to: Director of 
Nursing Education, Royal Inland Hospital, Kam- 
loops, B.C. 2-81-2 


B.C. R.N. for General Duly in 32 bed General Hospi. 
lal. RNABC 1967 salary rale $390 - $466 and fringe 
benefits, modern, comfortable, nurses' residence in 
attractive community close to Vancouver, B.C. For 
application form write: Director of Nursing, Fraser 
Canyon Hospilel, R.R. I, Hope, B.C. 2.30-1 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES (Two) for aclive 66-bed 
hospilol, wilh new hospilal 10 open in 1968. 
Active in-service programme. Salary range $372 to 
$444 per month. Personnel pol ides according to 
current RNABC contract. Hospital situated in beauti- 
ful East Kootenays of British Columbia, with swim- 
ming, golfing and skiing facilities readily available. 
Apply 10: The Direclor of Nursing, SI. Eugene Hos- 
pilal, Cronbrook, Brilish Columbia. 2-15-1 


General Duly Nurses for aclive 30-bed hospilal. 
RNABC policies and schedules in effect, also Norlh- 
ern allowance. Accommodations available in res- 
idence. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital, 
ForI Nelson, Brili.h Columbia. 2-23-1 


General Duly Nur.e. for new 3O-bed hospilal 
located in excellent recreational area. Salary and 
personnel policies in accordance with RNABC. Com- 
forlable Nurses' home. Apply: Direclor of Nursing, 
Boundary Hospilal, Grand Forks, Brilish Columbia. 
2-27-2 


GRADUATE NURSES for 24-bed hospital, 35-mi. from 
Vancouver, on coast, salary and personnel prac- 
t;ces in accord with RNABC. Accommodation availo- 
ble. Apply: Direclor of Nursing, General Hospilal, 
Squomlsl-, Brilish Columbia. 2-68-1 


I I 


General Duty Nurses (2 immediately) for active, 
26-bed hospilol in Ihe hearl of Ihe Rocky Mounlains, 
90 miles from Banff and Lake Louise. Accommoda- 
tion available in attractive nurses' residence. Apply 
giving full details of training, experience, etc. to: 
Administrator, Windermere District Hospital, Inver- 
mere, British Columbia. 2-31-1 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES for well.equipped 48-bed 
General Hospilal in Ihe Okanogan Valley. RNABC 
policies in effecl. Apply 10: Director of Nursing, SI. 
Marlin's Hospilal, Oliver, British Columbia. 2-50-1. 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES - for 109-bed hospilal in 
expanding Northwestern British Columbia City. Salary 
$405 10 $481 for B.C. Regislered Nurses wilh recogni. 
tion for experience. RNASC contract in effect. Gradu- 
ale Nurses nol regislered in B.C. paid $390. Benefils 
include comprehensive medical and pension plans. 
Travel allowance up 10 $60 refunded afler one 
year's service. Comfortable modern residence accom- 
modolion 01 $15 per monlh, meals al cosl. Apply 10: 
Director of Nursing, Prince Rupert General Hospital, 
551-51h Avenue Easl, Prince Ruperl, B.C. 2-58-2A 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES - Salary - non - B.C. 
regislered $375 per monlh - B.C. regislered $390- 
$466, depending on experience. RNABC policies in 
effect. Nurses' residence available. Group Medical 
Health Plan. All winler and summer sporls. Apply: 
Director of Nursing, Cariboo Memorial Hospital, Wil- 
liams Lake, Brilish Columbia. 2-80-1 A 


General Duty O. R. and experienced Obstetrical 
Nurses for modem, 150-bed hospilal localed in Ihe 
beautiful Fraser Valley. Personnel policies in ac- 
cordance with RNABC. APpl r. 10: Direclor of Nursing, 
Chilliwack General Hospila, Chilliwack, Brilish Co- 
lumbia. 2-13-1 


General Duly and Operaling Room Nurses for 70-bed 
Acule General Hospilal an Pacific Coasl. B.C. Regis- 
lered $390 - $466 per monlh (Credil for experience). 
Non B.C. Regislered $375 - Praclicol Nurses B.C. Li- 
censed $273 - $311 per monlh. Non Regislered $253. 
$286 per monlh. Board $20 per monlh, room $5.00 per 
monlh. 20 paid holidays per year and 10 slolulory 
holidays after 1 year. Fare paid from Vancouver. 
Superannuation and medical plans. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, St. George's Hospital, Alert Bay, British 
Columbia. 2-2-1 A 


Genera. Duty, Operating Room and Experienced 
Obslelrieal Nurses for 434-bed hospilal wilh school 
of nursing. Salary: $372-$444. Credil for pasl ex- 
perienc9 and postgraduate training. 40-I1r. wk. Stat. 
utory holidays. Annual increments; cumulative lick 
leave; pension plan; 28-days annual vacation; B.C. 
registration required. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, British 
Columbia. 2-73-13 


General Duly and Operaling Room Nurses for 
modern 450-bed hospital wilh School of Nursing. 
RNABC policies in effect. Credit for past experience 
and postgraduate training. British Columbia registra- 
tion required. For particulars write to: the Director of 
Nursing Service, St. Joseph'. Hospital, Victoria, British 
Columbia. 2.76-5 


GRADUATE NURSES: Join us al Ihe booming cenler 
of B.C.II Surrounded by 50 beauliful lakes wilh 
excellent boating, swimming, fishing plus all winter 
sports. On hour's drive from Prince George, the 
fastest growing city in Canada. Active 44-bed hos- 
pital and modern nurses' residence over looking the 
picluresque Nechako River. Slarling salary $372 - $408, 
recognition given for experience. Health and pension 
plan, 40-hr. week and 4 weeks vacalion. Write 10: 
Mrs. M. Grant, Director of Nursing, St. John Hospital, 
Vanderhoof, Brilish Columbia. 2.74.1 


STOPI Summer is iusl around Ihe corner and wilh 
il Vacalions & Slaff Changes. Applicalions will be 
received for positions on the staff of our modern 
80-bed general hospilel siluated in Ihe Fraser Valley 
convenient to Vancouver, Okanagan Valley, Van- 
couver Islond and Seattle. Accommodation available 
in Slaff Residence. RNABC. Personnel Policies in 
effecl. Apply 10: Direclor of Nursing, Langley Me- 
morial Hospilal, Murrayville, B.C. 2.44.1 


PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES: B.C. Civil Service. Salary: 
$476-$580 per monlh, car provided. Inleresting and 
challenging professionat service with opportunities for 
Iransfer Ihroughoul beauliful B.C. Apply 10: B.C. 
Civil Service Commission, 544 Michigan Street, 
VICTORIA, B.C. 
COMPETITION No. 67:57. 2-76-7 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 53 



MANITOBA 


Director of Nurses for up-to-date 38-bed hospital. 
New nurses. residence of 1964 has separate nurses 
suite available. Sick leave, pension plan and other 
fringe benefits available. Personnel policies will be 
sent on request. Enquiries should include experience, 
qualifications and salary expected, and should be 
Hospitol District No. 24, Box 660, Allono, Manitoba. 
addressed to: Mrs. O. Hamm, Administrator, AlIena 
3-1-1 


Registered Nurse: Required for 50-bed general hospital 
in Forr Churchill, Monitoba. Starting salary $500 per 
month. Return fore from Winnipeg refunded after one 
year's service. For particulars write to: Director of 
Nursing. General Hospital, Fori Churchill, Manitoba. 
3-75.1 


Regist.red Nurs.' for 18-bed hospital at Vita Manitoba, 
70 miles from Winnipeg_ Daily bus service. Salary 
range $390 - $475, with allowonce for experience. 
40 hour wee
 10 statutory holidays, 4 weeks po id 
vocation oft.!r one year. Full maintenance avai1able 
lor $50 per month. Apply: Matron, Vita District 
Hospitol, Vito, Manitoba. 3-68-1 


Registred Nurse: Position available, effective as soon 
os possible, at GLENBORO HOSPITAL a 16-bed 
hospitol, located 100 miles west of Winnipeg on 
No. 2 Highway. Excellent residence accommodation 
ovailable. Starting salary January I, 1967 - $395 
per month. I ncrements allowed for experience. Per- 
sonnel Policy Manual and application forms on 
request with no obligation. Please forward all en- 
quiries to: Mr. S. A. Oleson, Box 130, Glenboro, 
Manitoba. Telephone No. 115 or No. 17. 3-28-1 A 


Registered Nurse for 17-bed hospitol at Melita, Mon. 
itoba. Solary ronge $395-$480. Generous personnel 
policies. Full detoils avoilable on request. Apply: 
Administrator, Wilson Memorial Hospital, Me1ita, 
Manitoba. 3-37-1 


Registered Hurses and Licensed Practical Nurses for 
modern 48-bed acute care hospital in Mantoba's 
only Paper Town, 80 miles from Winnipeg, excep- 
tional recreational facilities - close to beach areas. 
Solary range - Registered Nurses $395-$480, Licens- 
ed Practical Nurses $270-$310, with consideration for 
past experience. Modern residence, excellent person4 
nel policies. Apply: Mrs. M. Gold, Director of Nurs- 
ing, Pine Foils General Hospital, Pine Falls, Man- 
itoba, or phone collect 367-8379. 3-44-1 


Regilt.red Nurse or Licensed Practical Nurs. for 
10-bed hospital. Starting salary -- R.N. $400; loP.N. 
$276 or up according to experience. 40-hour week, 
3 weeks vocation, 9 statutory holidays. For further 
information apply: Miss D. Moore. Matron, Wawa. 
nesa Hospital, Wawanesa, Manitoba. 3-69-1 


Registered Nurses and Licensed Practical Nurses for 
232-bed Children's Hospital, with school of nursing; 
active teaching center. Positions available on all 
services. Apply: Director of Nursing, Children's Hos- 
pitol, Winnipeg 3, Monitoba. 3-72-1 


REGISTERED NURSES for Generol Duty in 20.bed 
Hospital. Salary range $405 to $490 per month. Liv. 
ing accommodations available. Generous Personnel 
Policies. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Reston Com- 
munity Hospital, Reston, Manitobo. 3.46-2 A 


NOVA SCOTIA 


Director for School of Nursing: 50 students. Excellent 
working conditions. Apply to: M. Jean Hemsworth, 
Administrator, Glace Boy General Hospital, Glace 
Bay, Nova Scotia. 6-15-1 


Registered and Graduate Nurses for General Duty. 
New hospital with all modern conveniences, also, 
new nurses' residence available. South Shore Com- 
munity. Apply to: Superintendant, Queens General 
Hospital, Liverpoal, Novo Scotia. 6-20-1 


Registered Nurses for 21-bed hospital in pleasant 
community - Eastern Shore of Nova Scotia. Apply: 
Superintendent. Eostern Shore Memoriol Hospitol, 
Sheet Harbour, Novo Scotia. 6-32-] 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Positions available for 
Registered Quolified General Duty Nurses for 138- 
bed active treatment hospital. Residence accom. 
modation available. Applications and enquiries will 
be received by:: Director of Nursing, Blanchard-Fraser 
Memorial Hospital, Kentville, Nova Scotia. 6-19-1 


54 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


I I 


ONTARIO 


Director of Nursing: Applications are invited for 
the position of Director of Nursing effective April 1, 
1967, for 0 well-equipped 42-bed General Hospital 
located mid-way between Winnipeg and the lake. 
head in Northwestern Ontario. For full particulars 
write to: Administrator, Sioux lookout General Hospi- 
tal, P.O. Box 909, Sioux Lookout, Ontario. 7-119-1C 


Assistant Director of Public Health Nursing for ex- 
panding Health Unit, generalized program in Wel. 
land County. Duties to commence at mutual conev- 
nience, salary open, usual allowances and fringe 
benefits. Apply to: Director, Weiland and District 
Health Unit, King Street at Fourth, Weiland, Ontario. 
7-141-2 


Registered Nurses for 34-bed ,",ospiral, min. salarv 
$387 with regular annual increments to maximum 
of $462. 3-wk. vocation with pay; sick leave after 
6-mo. service. All Stoff - 5 day 40-hr. wk., 9 
statutory holidays, pension plan and other benefits. 
Apply to: Superintendent, Englehart & District Hos- 
pital, Englehart, Ontario. 7-40-1 


REGISTERED NURSES required for 100.bed hospital in 
the Model Town of the North. All usual fringe 
benefits available and a limited amount of livig-in 
accommodation. Salary range for general dUlY nurses 
$4]5 - $485 depending on qualifications and ex- 
perience. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Sensenbren. 
ner Hospital, Kapuskasing, Ontario. 7-62-1 


REGISTERED NURSES (IMMEDIATELY) for a new 40- 
bed hospital. Nurses' residence private rooms with 
both - $20 per month. Minimum salary $415 plus 
experience allowance, 4 semi-annual increments. 
Reply to: The Director of Nursing, Geraldton District 
Hospitol, Geraldton. Ontorio. 7-50-1 A 


Registered Nurses. Applications and enquIries are 
invited for general duty positions on the staff of the 
Manitouwadg8 General Hospital. Excellent salary 
and ftlnge benefits. Liberal policies regarding ac- 
commodation and vacation. Modern well-equipped 
33-bed hospital in new mining town, about 250-mi. 
eost of Port Arthur ond north-west of White River, 
Ontario Pop. 3,500. Nurses' residence comprises indi- 
vidual self-contained opts. Apply, stating qualifica. 
tions. experience. age. marital status, phone number. 
etc to the Administrator, General Hospital, Mani- 
louwodge, Ontorio. Phone 826-3251 7-74-1 A 


Registered Nurses: BasIc salary $400 per month, and 
full maintenance $45/m. Supervisory advancement 
opportu!\nities. Resident accommodations available; 
Hospital situated in tourist town off Lake Huron. 
For further information write: Superintendent, Sau- 
geen Memorial Hospital, Southampton, Ontario. 
7-122.1 


REGISTERED NURSES required immediately for 53. 
bed hospital. Minimum solary $415_ Three weeks 
vacation, pension, I ife and medical insurance, 8 
statutory holidays, 40 hour week. Air, rail and road 
communicatian. Northern hospitality. Apply to: Direc- 
tor of Nurses, Porcupine General Hospital, South 
Porcupine, Onto 7-123.1 


Registered Nurse. for 18-bed (expanding to 36 bed) 
General Hospitol in Mining and Resort town of 5,000 
people. Beoutifully locoted on Wowa Loke, 140 miles 
north of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Wide variety of 
summer and winter sports inch..ding swimming. boat- 
ing, fishing, golfing. skating, curling and bowling. 
Six churches of different faiths. Salaries comparable 
with all northern hospitals. Limited bed and board 
available at reasonable rate. Excellent personnel 
policies, pleasant working conditions. Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, The Lady Dunn General Hospital, 
Box 179, Wowa, Ontario. 7-140-1 B 


Registered Nurses and Registered Nurling Assistants 
for ]OO-bed General Hospitol, situoted in Northern 
Ontorio. Salary range $415 - $455 per month, RNA's 
$273 - $317 per month, shift differential, annual 
increments, 40 hour week, OHSC and P.S.I. plans in 
effect. Accommolation available in residence if 
desired. For full particulars apply to: The Director 
of Nurses, Lady Minto Hospital, Cochrane, Ontario. 
7.30.) B 


Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing ASlistants 
lor 160.bed accredited hospital. Storting salary $415 
and $285 respectively with regular annual incre. 
IT.ents for botr.. Excellent personnel pol icies. Resid- 
ence accomm::>dation available. Apply to: Director of 
NurSing, Kirkland & District Hospital, Kirkland Lake, 
Ontario. 7-67-1 


Regiltered Nurse, and Registered Nursing Assistants 
for 123-bed accredited hospital. Starting salary $400 
and $255 respectively with regular increments for 
both. Usual fringe benefits. For full information, 
apply to: Director of Nursing, Dufferin Area Hos- 
pital, Orangeville, Ontario. Phone 941-2410. 7-90-1 


I I 


ONTARtO 


Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 
are invited to make application to Our 75-bed, 
modern General Hospital. You will be in the Vaca- 
tionlond of the North, midway between the Lakeheod 
and Winnipeg, Manitoba. 8asic woge for Registered 
Nurses is $408 and for Registered Nursing Assistants 
is $285 with yearly increments and considerotion for 
experience. Write or phone: The Director of Nursing, 
Dryden District Generol Hospitol, DRYDEN, Ontario. 
7-26-1 A 


Registered Nurses and Registered Nurling Assistants 
for 83-bed Generol Hospital in French speaking com- 
munity of Northern Ontorio. R.N.'s salary: $420 to 
$465/m., .4 weeks vacation, 18 sick leave days and 
R.N.A.'s salary: $300 to $340/m., 2 weeks vacotion 
and 12 sick leave days. Unused sick leave are paid 
at 1000/0. Rooming accommodations available in 
Town and meals served at the Hospital. Excellent 
personnel pol icies. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Notre-Dome Hospital, Hearst, Ontario. 7-58-1 


REGISTERED NURSES and REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS for Generol Duty in a new 35-bed 
General Hospital in Western Ontario. Excellent per- 
sonnel policies, modern nurses' residence. Salary 
commensurate with experience end qualifications. 
Apply to: Administrator, Louise Marshall Hospital, 
Mount Forest, Ontario. 7-82.) 


Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants. 
5torting 50lary for R.N. is $415 ond for R.N.A. is $300. 
Allowance for experience. Excellent fringe benefits. 
Write: Mrs G. Gordon, Superintendent, Nipigon Dis- 
trict Memorial Hospital, Box 37, Nipigon, Ontario. 
7-87-1 


Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 
required for 215-bed accredited hospital. For salary 
rates and personnel policies apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Norfolk General Hospital, Simcoe, Onto 
7-118-1 


Registered Nurse and Registered Nursing Assistants 
in modern IOO-bed hospital, situated 40 miles from 
Ottawa. Excellent personnel policies. Residence 
accommodation avoilable. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Smiths Falls Public Hospital, Smiths Falls, 
Ontorio. 7.120-2A 


General Staff Nurses and Registered Nursing AlSis
 
tants are required for a modern, well-equipped Generol 
Hospitol currently expanding 10 167 beds. Situated in 
a progressive community in South Western Ontario, 30 
miles from Windsor-Detroit Border. Salary scaled 10 
experience and qualifications. Excellent employee 
benefits and working conditions plus an opportunity 
to work in a Patient Centered Nursing Service. Write 
for further information to: Miss Patricia McGee, B. 
Sc.N., Reg.N. Director of Nursing, leamington District 
Memoriol Hospital, Leamington, Ontario. 7-69-1 A 


Registered or Graduate Nurses, required for modern 
92-bed hospitol. Residence accommodation $20 month- 
ly. Overseas nurses welcome. lovely old Scottish 
Town neor Ottawa. Apply: Director of Nursing, The 
Great Wor Memorial Hospital, Perth, Ontario. 7-100-2 


Registered Nurses for General Duty in well-equipped 
28-bed hospital, located in growing gold mining 
and tourist area, north of Kenora, Ontario. Modern 
residence with individual rooms; room, board and 
uniform laundry only $50/m, 40-hr. wk., no split shift, 
cl..mu(ative sick time, 8 statutory holidays and 28 
day paid vocation offer one year. Starting salary 
$430. Apply to: Motron, Margaret Cochenour Memo- 
riol Hospitol, Cochenour, Ontorio. 7.29-1 


REGISTERED NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active 
occredited well equipped 28-bed hospital. 30 miles 
from Ottawa. Residence accommodation. Good per- 
sonnel policies. Apply to: Administratrix, Kemptville 
District Hospital, Kemptville, Ontario. 7-63-1 


REGISTERED NURSES required FOR GENERAL DUTY in 
a modern fully accredited 300-bed hospitol. Excellent 
working conditions, good personnel policies, 40 hour 
week, 9 statutory holidays, 3 weeks annual vaca- 
tion. Apply giving full particulars to: Personnel 
Director, General Hospital, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. 
7.115-1 


Registered Nurses for Generol Duty in 100.bed hos- 
pitol, located 3D-mi. from Ottowa, are urgently re- 
quired. Good personnel policies, accommodation 
avoiloble in new staff residence. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, District Memorial Hospitol, Winchester, On- 
torio. 7-144.1 


OPERATING ROOM NURSES (2) lor a fully oc- 
credited 70-bed General Hospitol. For Operating 
Room Duty. Salary according to experience. Apply to: 
O.R. Supervisor, Penetanguishene General Hospital, 
Penetanguishene, Ontario. 7-99.2 


MAY 1967 



DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 
offers 
NEW DIPLOMA PROGRAM 


in 


OUTPOST NURSING 


A program extending over two calendor 
yeors hos been developed to prepore 
graduote nurses for service in remote 
oreas of Norfhern Conado. Mojor areos 
within fhe course of sfudy will include: 
Public heolth nursing 
Complete midwifery 
Bosic clinicol medicine 
Insfruction will be highly individuolized. 
1 st yeor - To be spent ot the University. 
2nd yeor - To consist of on infernship 
direcfed by fhe University in 
selected northern ogencies. 
Condidofes should hove completed of 
leost one yeor of professionol nursing. 
Upon completion of the progrom students 
will receive a Diplomo in Public Heolth 
Nursing ond 0 Diplomo in OutpoSf 
Nursing. 


For further information write to: 
Director, 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 
Halifax, Nova Scotia 


REGISTERED NURSES 


FOR 


GENERAL DUTY 


In modern, 220-bed, fully accre. 
dited General Hospital located 
in a thriving farming and in- 
dustrial community 135 miles 
from Metropolitan Winnipeg on 
the Trans Canada Highway and 
60 miles from beautiful Clear 
lake resort. Almost new, well- 
equipped hospital providing 
quality patient care and friendly 
working environment. Salary 
$375-$460, five increments. Ex- 
cellent personnel policies. 


Apply in confidence to: 


Director of Nursing, 


BRANDON GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Brandon, Manitoba. 


MAY 1967 


UNITED STATES 


I 1 


UNITED Sf A TES 


Register.d Nurses, Career satisfaction, interest and 
professional growth unlimited in modern, JCAH ac- 
credited 243-bed hospital. Located in One of Califor- 
nia's finest areas, recreational, educational and cul- 
tural advantages are yours as well as wonderful 
year-round climate. If this combination is what 
you're looking for, contact us now!Staff nurse en- 
trance salary above $500 per month; increases to 
$663 per month; supervisory positions at highest 
rates. Special area and shift differentials to $50 per 
month paid. Excellent benefits include free health 
and life insurance retirement. credit union and liberal 
personnel policies. Professional stoff appointments 
available in all clinical areas to those eligible for 
California licensure. Write today: Director of Nursing, 
Eden Hospital, 20103 Lake Chabot Rood, Castro Vol- 
ley, California. 15-5-12 


REGISTERED NURSES - for sunny California. Excit- 
ing expansion program requires nurses for all serv- 
ices-Maternity. I.C.U., Specialized Surgery, etc. Excel- 
lent orientation and in-service programs. Promotional 
opportunities for Head Nurses and Supervisors. Con- 
genial atmosphere where progress begins with pa- 
tient core. Solary $550 to $650 for Stoff Nurses. 
Good shift differential and fringe benefits. "Come 
grow with us". Mr. Ken Clarke, R.N_ - Director of 
Nursing Services. Greater Bakersfield Memorial Hos- 
pital, P.O_ Box 1888, Bakersfield, California 93303. 
Write or call collect 805 - 327-1792. 15-5-5A 


Nur.e. for new 75-bed General Hospital. Resort 
area. Ideal climate. On beautiful Pacific ocean. 
Apply to: Director of Nurses, South Coast Com- 
munity Hospital, South Laguna, California. 15-5-50 


CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS 


REQUIRED FOR 


SCHOOL 


NURSING 


OF 


SARNIA 
H 0 S P 


G ENE R A L 
I TAL 


. Excellent working conditions with opportunity for creative thinking In 
nursing education and freedom to use new ideas 
. Modern classrooms and facilities. Present student enrollment - 95. 
. Plans are in progress for a Regional School. 
. Good starting salary with special consideration for experience or 
degree. 
. Minimum qualifications - Diploma in nursing education. 
Apply: Personnel Director, Sarnia General Hospital, Sarnia, Ontario, Can. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 55 



ONTARIO 


G.n.ral Duty Nurs.s for 66.bed Generol Hospital. 
Starting salary: $405/m. Excellent personnel policies. 
Pension plan, life insurance, etc., residence accom- 
modation. Only 10 min. from downtown Buffalo. 
Apply: Director of Nursing, Douglos Memorial Hos- 
pitol, Fort Erie, Ontario. 7-45-1 
Gen.ral Duty Nurs.. for active General 77-bed Hos- 
pital in heart of M..Jskoka Lakes area: salary range 
$400 - $460 with consideration for previous experience; 
excellent personnel policies and fringe benefits:nurses' 
residence available. Apply to: Director of Nursing. 
Huntsville District Memorial Hospital, Huntsville, On
 
torio. 7-59-] 
G.n.ral Duty Nur.e. for IOO.bed modern hospital. 
Southwestern Ontario, 32 mi from London. Salary 
COmmensurate with experience and ability; $398/m 
basic salcfY_ Pension plan. Apply giving full par- 
ticulars to: The Director of Nurses, District Memorial 
Hospital, Tillsonburg, Ontario. 7-13]-1 
General Duty Nurse., C.rtified NUlsing Assistant. & 
Op.rating Room Technician (I) for new 50-bed hos. 
pital with modern equipment, 40-hr. wk., 8 statutory 
hol idays, excellent personnel policies & opportunity 
for advancement. Tourist town on Georgian Bay. 
Good bus connections to Toronto. Apply to: Director 
of Nurses, General Hospital, Meafor d , Ontario. 7-79- 1 
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES for generalized program. 
Minimum salary $5,150 with allowance for previous 
experience and annual increments. Cumulative sick 
leave plan. Hospitalization, P.S.I. and Pension Plan 
available. Liberal tronsportotion allowance and holi- 
days. Apply to: A.E. Thoms, M.D., Director, Leeds 
and Grenville Health Unit, 70 Charles Street, Brock. 
ville, Ontario. 7-18-4 
Public H.alth Nur.e. - General program, salary 
range $5,030 to $6,148 plus cost of living bonus, 
presently 3%. Starting salary related to experience. 
Generous car allowance, cumulative sick leave 
month vacation. Employer shared O.M.E.R.S. and 
Canada Pension Plan, medical and hospital insurance. 
Apply to: Dr. E.G. Brown, M.O.H., Kent County 
Health Unit, Chatham, Ontario. 7.24-4 
Public Health Nur.. - qualified. Solary schedule 
$5,280 ta $6,780. Shared pension plan, hospitaliza- 
tion and P.S.I. Car provided or car allowance. 
Apply to:: Dr. Charlolle M. Horner, Director, North- 
umberland-Durham Health Unit, Box 337, Cobourg, 
Ontario. 7-28-4 
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES (qualified) requirel for 
Health Unit situated on Lake Huron. Present .taff 
to be increased in order to provide an increased 
geriatric service to the community. Salary $5,100- 
$6,300, with allowance for experience. One month 
vacation after One year; car allowance; cost of 
medical and hospitalization insurance shared by 
employer. Apply to: Director and Medical Officer 
of Health, Huron County Health Unit, Goderich, 
Ontario. 7-51-2 
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES (QUALIFIED) Staff 
positions available in the City of Oshawa. Duties to 
commence as soon as possible. Generalized program 
in an offIcial agency. Salary $5,658 to $6,507. 
Beginning salary according to experience. Liberal 
personnel policies and fringe benefi.s. Apply '0: Mr. 
D. Murray, Personnel Officer, City Hall, 50 Centre 
Street, O.hawa, Ontario. 7.92.2 A 
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES for scenic urban and rurol 
Ottawa Valley Tourrist Area. Good summer and 
health unit, close ta the Capital City in the Upper 
winter recreational facilities. Personnel policies pre- 
sently under review. Direct enquiries to: Dr. R.V. 
Peters, Director, Renfrew County Health Unit, 169 
Will iam Street, Pembroke, Ontario. 7-98.2 A 
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING SUPERVISOR - Applica- 
tions sought for supervisory positions Sudbury and 
District Health Unit. Requires Diploma in advanced 
Public Heolth Nursing and Supervision or Baccalou- 
reate degree with administration. For details apply: 
The Directar, Sudbury and District Health Unit, 50 
Cedar Street, Sudbury, Ontorio. 7-127-5 B 
Public H.alth Nur... (qualifi.d) for generalized pro- 
gram. Starting salary $5,350 per annum, allowance 
for experience, car mileage paid. Three weeks vac- 
alion after one year of work. Other fringe benefits. 
Apply to: Miss M. Dickie, Supervisor of Nursing, 
Peel County Health Unit, 16 Lynch Street, Brampton, 
Ontario. 7.16-3 
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES for general program. begin- 
ing July, 1967. Salary range $5,000 to $6,000. Per- 
sonnel pol icies include car expense, Omers and Can- 
ada pension plans, group life insurance, 50% of 
P.S.I. and hospital insurance, cumulative sick leave 
plan and liberal vacation. Apply to: Dr. C.R. Lenk, 
Director, Medical Officer of Health, Hastings and 
Prince Edword Counties Health Unit, 266 Pinnacle 
Street, Belleville, Ontario. 7-11.3 
Public H.alth Nur... for expanding Health Unit, 
generalized program, in Weiland County, duties to, 
commence at mutual convenience. For personnel 
policcies, salaries and other information. Apply to: 
Director, Weiland and District Health Unit, King 
Street at Fourth, Weiland, Ontario. 7-141-2 A 


56 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


I I 


ONTARIO 


Director of Nursing Services, Simcoe County Health 
Unif. Appliconts for this position will hold a degree 
in nursing and will have at least five years' expe- 
rience in administration. For further information apply 
in writing to: Dr. P.A. Scott, Director, Simcoe County 
Health Unit, Caurt House, Barrie, Ontario. 7-8-3 
R.gi.t.r.d Nurse. for Gen.rat Staff and Operating 
Room. Accredited 235-bed, modern, General Hospital. 
Good personnel policies. Beginning salary $400 per 
month, recognition for experience, annual bonus plan. 
Planned in-service programs. Assistance with trans- 
portation. Apply: Director of Nursing, Sudbury Me- 
morial Hospital, Regent Street, S., Sudbury, Ontario. 
7-127-4 A 


Public Health Nurses for generalized programme in 
a County-City Health Unit. Solary schedule $5,400 
to $6,600 per annum. 20 days vacation. Employer 
shared pension plan, P.S.I. and hospitalization 
Mileage allowance or unit cars. Apply to: Miss 
Veronica O'Leary, Supervisor of Public Health Nurs. 
ing, Peterborough County-City Health Unit, P.O. 
Box 246, Peterborough, Ontario. 7.JO]-4A 
Vacancies for Staff Public Health Nur.... Salary 
range $5,207 to $6,598. Usual benefits, for details 
apply: The Director, Sudbury and District Health 
Unit, 50 Cedar Street, Sudbury, Ontario. 7.127.5A 


QUEBEC 


Regi.ter.d Nur..s for 56-bed accredited General 
Hospital. Accommodation available in motel type 
residence complete with outdoor swimming pool. 
Salaries as approved by Q.H.I.S. Apply: Director of 
Nursing. The Barrie Memorial Hospital, Ormstown, 
Quebec. 9-52-] 


Registered Nurse: Mount Sinai Hospital has an op- 
ening for a Registered Nurse to work in their pu
 
blic health office in Montreal. Experience in Public 
Health is not an absolute necessity. Apply to the: 
Medical Director, Mount Sinoi Hospitol, P.O. Box 
1000, Ste. Agathe des Monts, Quebec. 9-57-1 


SASKATCHEWAN 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING for 48-bed hospital com- 
pleted in 1963. Will be responsible for the admin- 
istration of all nursing activities as well as pharmacy 
and central suppl ies control. District located near a 
noted summer resort. Excellent salary and fringe 
benefits depending on qualifications and experience. 
Duties to commence on or before July 31, 1967. 
Apply in writing or phone 667.2611 to: N.R. Wer- 
szak, Administrator, Maple Creek Union Hospital, Box 
] 330, Maple Creek, Soskatchewan. 10.78-1 


Clinical Instructors needed. Excellent personnel po. 
licies, active clinical facilities. 275 students. Two 
year educational program. For further information 
write to: Associate Director of Nursing Education, 
School of Nursing, Regina General Hospital, Regina, 
Saskatchewan. 10-109-6 


Regist.red Nurses and Certified Nursing Assistants 
for 750.bed hospital, close to downtown. Building 
and expansion program in progress. SRNA recom- 
mended !.alaries in effect. Experience recognized. 
Progressive personnel policies. Apply: Nursing Re- 
cruitement Officer, Regina General Hospital, Regina, 
Saskatchewan. 


REGtSTERED GENERAL DUTY NURSES required for 
92-bed active treatment hospital. SRNA policies in 
effect, modern residence accommodation available. 
Apply to, The Director of Nursing, lIoydminster 
Hospital, 46] I 48 Avenue, lIoydminster, Saskat. 
chewan. 10-72-] 


General Duty and Operating Room Nurses, also 
Certified Nursing Assistants for 560-bed University 
Hospital. Salary commensurate with experience and 
preparations. Excellent opportunities to engage in 
progressive nursing. Apply: Director of Personnel, 
University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. 
10- 116-4A 


UNITED STATES 


REGISTERED NURSES: 350-bed hospital, known 
throughout Sauthern California area for highest 
quality nursing care, is seeking PROFESSIONAL 
NURSES. Positions open on all shifts and in many 
clinical specialties - I.C.U., open heart, etc. We 
offer top wages and fringe benefits, an exceptional 
in-service program, and are in the best possible 
Southern California location. If you desire the 
opportunity to fulfill your professional nursing career 
under ideal conditions, both on ond off the job, 
contact the Director of Nursing Service, St. Mary's 
Long Beoch Hospital, 509 Eost 10th Street, Long 
Beach, California, 90813. 15-5-32 


I I 


UNITED STATES 


REGISTERED NURSES - Southern California Op- 
portunities available - 368-bed modern hospital in 
M
dical-Surgical, Labor.ond Delivery, Nursey, Oper- 
ating Room and Intensive and Coronary Care Units. 
Good salary and liberal fringe benefits. Continuing 
inservice education program. Located 10 miles from 
Los Angeles near skiing, swimming, cultural and edu- 
cational facilities. Temporary living accommodations. 
Apply: Director of Nursing Service, Saint Joseph 
Hospital, Burbonk, California 91503. 15-5-63 


REGISTERED NURSES Opportunities available at 
415-bed hospital in Medical-Surgical, Labor and 
Delivery, Intensive Care, Operating )(oom and Psy- 
chiatry. No rotation of shift, good salary, evening 
and night differentials, liberal fringe benefits. 
Temporary living accommodations available. Apply: 
Miss Dolores Merrell, R.N., Personnel Director, Queen 
of Angels Hospitol, 2301 Bellevue Avenue, Los 
Angeles 26, California. 15-5-3G 


REGISTERED NURSES - SAN FRANCISCO Children's 
Hospital and Adult Medical Center hospitol for men. 
women and children. California registration required. 
Opportunities in all clinical areas. Excellent salaries, 
differentials for evenings and nights. Holidays, vaca- 
tions, sick leave, life insurance, heolth insurance and 
employer-paid pension-plan. Applications and details 
furnished on request. Contact Personnel Director, Chil- 
dren's Hospital, 3700 California Street. San Francisco 
18, California. 15.5.4 


REGISTERED NURSES: Mounr Zion Hospital and Me- 
dical Center's increased salary scales now double our 
attraction for nurses who find they can afford to live 
by the Golden Gate. Expansion has crected vacancies 
for staff and specialty assignments. Address enquiry 
to: Personnel Department, 1600 Divisadero Street, San 
Francisco, California 94115, An equal opportunity em. 
ployer. ] 5-5-4 C 


Registered Nurses - California. Expanding, accredit- 
ed 303-bed hospitol in medical center of Southern 
California. University city. Mountain - ocecn resort 
area. Ideal year-round climate, smog free. Starting 
solary $6,300. With experience, $6,600. Fringe bene- 
fits, shift differential, initial housing allowance. 
Wide variety rentals avoilable. For details on Cali- 
fornia License and Visa, write: Director of Nursing. 
Collage Hospitol, 320 W. Pueblo Street, Sonta Bar- 
bora, Colifornia 93105. 15-5-39 A 


Professionnal Nurses - for immediate openings in 
274-bed general hospital. Liberal fringe benefits. 
Enjoy interesting, challenging position in the ideal 
climate of Sonta Monica Bay. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, Santa Monica Hospital, 1250, Sixteenth 
Street, Sonta Monica, California. ]5-5-40 


REGISTERED NURSES General Duty for 84-bed 
JCAH hospital )I:i! hours from San Francisco, 2 
hours from Loke Tohoe. Starting solory $510/m. 
with differentials. Apply: Director of Nurses, Mem- 
orial Hospitol, Woodlond, California. 15-5-49B 


Staff Duty po.ition. (Nur..s) in private 403.bed 
hospital. Liberal personnel policies and salary. Sub- 
stantial differential for evening and nigh. duty. 
Write: Personnel Director, Hospital of The Good 
Somaritan, 1212 Shotto Slreet, Los Angeles 17, 
Colifornia. 15-5.311 


PROFESSIONAL NURSES. No fancy claims or promises. 
We do offer top starting salaries and very attrac- 
tive benefits to staff nurses desiring unlimited poten
 
tial and professional growth. Untra-modern equip- 
ment and facilities in a new, progressive 150-bed, 
air conditioned hospital. Degree recognition. No 
shift rotation. Inquire and compare. Write, Personnel 
Director, JOHN MUIR MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, 1601 
Ygnacio Volley Road, Walnut Creek, California. 
15-5-67B 


Wanted - General Duty Nurset. Applications now 
being taken for nursing positions in a new addi- 
tion to the existing hospital including surgery, cen- 
tral sterile and supply, general duty. Solary $475 
per month plus fringe benefits. Contact: Director of 
Nurses, Alamosa Community Hospital Alamosa. 
Colorado. 15-6.1 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES. Solary, days $500-$550; 
p.m. $525-$575; nights $520-$570 per month. In- 
creases January 1, 1967. Excellent benefits. 230-bed 
regional referral General Hospital with intensive 
care and coronary units. Postgraduate classes avail- 
able at two universities. Extensive intern and resi
 
dent teaching program. Hospital located adjacent to 
Northwest's largest private clinic. Free housing first 
month. Canadian trained nurses with psychiatric 
affiliation please write: Personnel Director, Virginia 
Moson Hospital, 1111 Terry Avenue, Seattle, Wosh. 
ington 98101. 15.48-2B 


MAY 1967 



UNITED STATES 


REGISTERED NURSES: Excellent opportunity for advan. 
cement in atmosphere of medical excellence. Pro- 
gressive patient care including Intensive Care and 
Cardiac Care Units. Finely equipped growing 200-bed 
suburban community hospital on Chicaga's beautiful 
North Shore. Modern, furnished apartments are 
available for single professional women. Other 
fringe benefits include paid vocation after six 
months, paid I ife insurance, 50% tuition refund and 
staff development program. Salary range from $500. 
$610. Contact: Donald L. Thompson, R.N., Director 
of Nursing, Highland Pork Hospital, Highland Park, 
Illinois 60035. 15.14.3B 


Regist.red Nurse. and C.rtified Nursing ASlistants. 
Oper:.ing in several areas, all shifts. Every other week- 
end off, in small community hospital 2 miles from 
Boston. Rooms available. Hospital paid life insurance 
and other liberal fringe benefits. RN salary $100 per 
week, plus differential of $20 for 3-11 p.m. and 
11.7 a.m. shifts. C.N. Ass'ts. $80 weekly plus $10 far 
3-11 p.m. and 11-7 a.m. shifts. Write: Miss Byrne, 
Director of Nurses, Chelsea Memmorial Hospital, 
Chelsea, Massachusetts 02150. 15-22-1 C 


I I 


UNITED STATES 


NURSES, Registe,ed, for modern 360-bed hospital. 
Openings available in all areas, medicine-surgery, 
delivery room, nursery, and postpartum. Near Wayne 
State University, and an integral part of the new 
Medical Center. Salary $550 to $635 per month 
plus differential for afternoon and night. Premium 
pay for weekends. Good fringe benefits including 
Blue Cross and Life Insurance. Apply: Personnel 
Director, Hutzel Hospital formerly Woman's Hospital), 
432 East Hancock, Detroit, Michigan 48201. 15-23.1 F 


REGISTERED NURSES: Come to Lubbock, Texas, 
U.S.A. A city of over 60,000 population with an 
excellent University of 20,000 students and a large 
Air Force Base. Positions open in a progressive 
general hospital of 400 beds, J.C.A.H. accredited. 
Positions open in intensive care unit, cardiac care 
unit, operating room, psychiatric and general medical 
and surgical for 3-11 and II -7 shifts. Starting salary 
of $550.00 per month for rotating shifts of 3-11 and 
11.7 with a $15.00 raise in three months and an 
annual increase of $20.00 per month. Contact Per. 
sonnel Department, Methodist Hospital, 36t5 19th 
Street, Lubbock, Texas 79410. 15-44.8 


l' 


NIGHT NURSE? 
University Hospital is pleased to announce that starting pay for night 
nurses now ranges from $30.00 to $33.00 per shift ($7,830 to $8,613 
for an annual starting salary)-depending on education and experience. 
After 4 years service, night nurse salaries range up to $9,396.00 
per year. The base pay for permanent evening and rotating tours 
has also been increased plus excellent University Staff benefits are 
offered to all nurses. 
University Hospital has a Service Department which assigns trained 
personnel to handle paperwork and other non.nursing chores, 
relieving our nurses for patient care exclusively. 
Ann Arbor is nationally known as a Center of Culture with emphasis on 
art, music and drama-and recognized as an exciting and desirable 
community in which to live. 
Write to Mr. George A. Higgins, A6001, University Hospital. 
University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan for 
more information, or phone collect (313) 764-2172. 
We are an Equal Opportunity Employer 


UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 
MEDICAL CENTER. ANN ARBOR 


MAY 1967 


ONTARIO SOCIID 


FOR 


CRIPPLED CHILDREN 


l \ 
""- 
...: 

 ........ i 


Invites applications from Public 
Health Nurses who have at least 
2 years experience in general- 
ized public health nursing, pre- 
ferably in Ontario. 


INTERESTING AND VARIED 
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 
IN AN EXPANDING PROGRAM 
INCLUDE: 


. an opportunity to work direct- 
ly with children, their parents, 
health and welfare agencies, 
and professional groups 


. porticipotion in arranging 
diagnostic and consultant cli- 
nics 


. assessing the needs of the 
individually handicapped child 
in relation to services provided 
by Easter Seal Clubs and the 
Society. 


Attractive salary schedule with 
excellent benefits. Car provided. 
Pre-service preparation with sa- 
lary. 


Apply in writing to: 


Director, Nursing Service, 
350 Rumsey Road, 
Toronto 17, Ontario 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 57 



THE HOSPITAL 


FOR 


SICK CHILDREN 


,. 
.. 


r
 


" 


'-.. 


- 


OFFERS: 


1. Satisfying experience 


2. Stimulating and friendly en- 
vironment. 


3. Orientation and In-Service 
Education Program. 


4. Sound Personnel Policies. 


5. liberal vacation. 


APPLICATIONS FOR REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS INVITED. 


For detailed information 
please write to: 


The Assistant Director 
of Nursing 
AUXILIARY STAFF 


555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Ontario, Canada 


58 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 


HOSPITAL - 
Newly expanded 350-bed hospital. Progressive patient care con- 
cept. 


SALARY - 
General Staff Nurses (Currently Registered in Ontario) $400.00 - 
$480. - 5-increments. 
Registered Nursing Assistants (Currently Registered in Ontario) 
$295.00 - $331.00, - 3 increments. 
HOUSING - 
Furnished apartments available at subsidized rates. 


JOB SATISFACTION - 
High quality patient care and friendly working environment. We 
appreciate our personnel and encourage their professional develop- 
ment. 


You are invited to enquire concerning employment opportunities to: 
Director of Nursing 


HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 


200 Church Street, Weston, Ontario 
Telephone 249-8111 (Toronto) 


CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL 


requires immediately 


REGISTERED GENERAL DUTY NURSES 


This is a modern 1,000-bed hospital including a new 
200-bed convalescent-rehabilitation section. Benefits 
include Pension Plan, sick leave, and shift differen- 
tial plus a liberal vacation policy and salary range 
$380 - $450 per month commenSurate with training 
and experience. 


Apply to: 


Director of Nursing Service 


CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Calgary, Alberta 


MAY 1967 



diploma or degree nurse 



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Go South to Syracuse and See! 


You II find friends at State University 
Hospital of the Upstate Medical Center 
at Syracuse. a modern 350-bed teaching 
hospital in the Canadians favorite U.S. 
city 
You II also find a helpful administration. 
professional level salaries (up to $6.476 
to start. depending on your Qualifying 
education and experience). 


Fine benefits. too. Eleven paid holidays. 
13to 20 paid vacation days. sound three- 
way health insurance plan and special 
collegiate education programs 
Above all. you'li find patient-cenfered 
educational atmosphere In which you'li 
best have the opportunity to be the kind 
of nurse you want to be. and receive the 
rewards you deserve 


STATE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF THE UPSTATE MEDICAL CENTER AT SYRACUSE, N. Y. 


. .
. 
 . 
 .






..þ. . 

 0 I'd like to talk with you when I'm in Syracuse 
CN-567 (date) (time) . 
. 0 Please send me application forms 
MISS Adele Wright. R.N. 
. Director of Nurslna Senice, Name . 

t:::a
n;;:



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:



a
:f the Address 
.
ï
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;; .I.... ... ... .. 


MAY 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE S9 



CORNWALL REGIONAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 


invites applications from 


TEACHERS OF NURSING 


Here is an opportunity to participate in the develop- 
ment of a progressive program which emphasizes 
educational experience for Students. The program will 
consist of a two year course, followed by one year 
of nursing internship. 
The new School is independently incorporated and 
will be located in its own new educational and res- 
idential building. The first class of Students will be 
admitted in September, 1967. 
You would enjoy living in the friendly, thriving Sea- 
way City that has excellent holiday swimming and 
camping facilities and which is within one hour's 
distance of Ottawa and Montreal. 
Applicants should be registered, or eligible for regis- 
tration in Ontario and have advanced preparation in 
teaching and/or nursing. Copies of Personnel Poli- 
cies will be forwarded on request. 
For further information, write to: 
THE DIRECTOR 
Cornwall Regional School of Nursing 
Box No, 939, Cornwall, Ontario 


ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPIT At 


TORONTO, ONTARIO 
REGISTERED NURSES 
and 
REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 


700-bed fully occredited hospitol provides 
experience in Operofing Room, Recovery 
Room, Infensive Core Unit, Pediotrics 
Orthopedics, Psychiofry, Generol Surgery 
and Medicine. 
Orienfotion ond Acfive Inservice progrom 
for 011 stoff. 
Solary is commensurofe with preporation 
ond experience. 
Benefifs include Conodo Pension Pion, 
Hospital Pension Plan, Group Life Insu- 
ronce. After 3 months, cumulative sick 
leove - Ontoria Haspitol Insuronce - 
50% payment by hospitol. 
Rofoting Periods of duty - 40 hour week, 
S sfotutory holidays - onnual vacofion 
3 weeks ofter one yeor. 


Apply: 


Assistant Director of 
Nursing Service 


ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 


30 The Queensway 
Toronto 3, Ontario 


60 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


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Applications are invited from 
REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


For full time, 40 hour week, Rotation Duty. 
One Weekend off Duty every three weeks. 
Vacancies in Medical, Surgical, Obstetric, 
Paediatric, Operating Room, Intensive Care 
and Emergency Unit. Active Inservice and 
Orientation programs as well as excellent 
personnel policies and fringe benefits. 


Director of Nursing 


TORONTO EAST GENERAL 
AND ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL 


Toronto 6, Ontario 


INSTRUCTORS 


IN 


OBSTETRICAL NURSING 
MEDICAL-SURGICAL 
NURSING 


Dufies fa include clossroom teaching ond 
clinicol insfrucfian. Assisfing in the deve. 
lopmenf of a new curriculum ond Re- 
gionol School. 


B.Se.N. or diplomo in Nursing. Educotion 
required. ExceUenf salory ronge and 
fringe benefifs. 


Personnel Director 


Apply: 


BELLEVILLE GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 


Belleville, Ontario 


REGISTERED 
GENERAL DUTY 
NURSES 


required 


For 35-bed modern hospital in 
northern Quebec. Residence ac- 
commodation available. Bilin- 
gual with few years' experience 
preferred. Nurses on staff must 
be willing to take responsibility 
in all departments of nursing. 
Excellent salary and fringe bene- 
fits. Outstanding recreational 
facilities. 
For further information, 
apply to: 
Medicol Director 
SCHEFFERVILLE HOSPITAL 
Schefferville, Quebec 


MAY 1967 



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ROYAL ALEXANDRA HOSPITAL 


EDMONTON, ALBERTA 


Acfive treatmenf hospifal complex of 800 beds, wifh an additional 
213 bed Children's Pavilion, opening in June, 1967. Services include 
o Women's Povilion, Emergency ond Out Pafient Services, ond 29 
bed Intensive Care Unit. Infensive Core Employees are given 0 20- 
hour inservice program. Professional stoff 000 certified nursing oides 
ore paid a solary commensurote wifh previous experience and ad- 
ditionol responsibilifies imposed in the deportment. 


POSITIONS AVAILABLE: 


Evening Supervisor Children's Pavilion 
Head Nurses - Surgery 
General Staff Nurses for 011 services. 


This modern Hospital provides excellent working condifions with 
current personnel policies. General stoff nurse Salory $380-$450 
wifh recognition for experience 000 post bosic educofion. 


NURSES! An opportunity to 
GIVE and to RECEIVE 
SOMETHING OF VALUE 


You may have the satisfaction of contributing a 
valuable service with scope for promotion, and op- 
portunity for sponsorship of further education in the 
following positions: 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING EDUCATION 
CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR 
GENERAL DUTY NURSE IN OPERATING 
ROOM OR INTENSIVE CARE UNIT 


Planned orientation and an active Staff Development 
Programme for all nursing staff. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, 
STRATFORD GENERAL HOSPITAL 
The Festival City 
of 
Stratford, Ontario. 


MAY 1967 


... 
I 
. 


TORONTO GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 
1820-1967 
UNIVERSITY TEACHING 
AND RESEARCH CENTRE 
(1.300 Beds) 


PROFESSIONAL GROWTH 
Planned Programmes in 
Orientation 
Staff Education 
Staff Development 
PERSONNEL POLICIES 


Salaries: 
- Commensurate with Qualifications, Experience 
3 weeks vacation 
8 statutory holidays 
Cumulative Sick leave 
Pension plan 
Hospitalization and medical insurance plan. 
Uniforms laundered Free 


OPPORTUNITIES FOR 
General Staff Nurses 
Registered Nursing Assistants 
in 


Clinical Services: 
- Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics, Gynaecology 
Specialty Units: 
Cardiovascular, Clinical Investigation, Coro- 
nary, Neurosurgery, Psychiatry, Operating 
Room, Recovery Room, Renal dialysis, Res- 
piratory . 
Administrative and Teaching Positions: 
- Consideration given to applicants with Uni- 
versity preparation and! or experience. 
Applicants' requests for any of the above positions 
will be given careful consideration. 


For additional information write: 
Miss M. Jean Dodds, 
Director of Nursing, 
TORONTO GENERAL HOSPITAL 
101 College Street 
Toronto 2, Ontario. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 61 



nurses 


who want to 
nurse 


At York Central you can join 
.In active. interested group of 
nur
es who want the chance to 
nur
e in its broadest sense. Our 
I 26-bed. fully accredited hospi- 
tal is young. and already talking 
expansion. Nursing is a profes- 
o;ion we respect and we were the 
first to plan and develop a unique 
nursing audit system; new mem- 
bers of our nursing staff do not 
necessarily start at the base salary 
of $372 per month but get added 
pay for previous years of work. 
There are opportunities for gain- 
ing wide experience. for getting 
to know patients as well as staff. 


Situated in Richmond Hill. all 
the cultural and entertainment fa- 
cilities of Metropolitan Toronto 
are available a few miles to the 
South. .. and the winter and 
summer holiday and week-end 
pleasures of Ontario are easily 
accessible to the North. If you 
are really interested in nursing. 
vou are needed and will be made 
"elcome. 


Appl) in person or b
 mail to the 
Director llf l\Jursing. 


YORK 
CENTRAL 
HOSPITAJ
 


RICHMOND HILL. 
O
TARIO 
NEW STAFF RESIDENCE 


62 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


WILSON MEMORIAL 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


requires 


REGISTERED NURSES FOR 
GENERAL DUTY 
REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 


20-bed hospifol. Situated in 0 thriving 
Northwestern Ontorio community. 
Room ond boord provided. 


For full particulars, 
Write to: 
Director of Nursing 
Marathon, Ontario 


GENERAL HOSPITAL 


ST. JOHN'S, NEWFOUNDLAND 


Opportunity for Instructors in 011 oreos of 
nursing, in progressive School of Nursing, 
where new ideos ore welcomed. 


PrOQrom consisfs of fwo yeors of plonned 
study ond proctice. completely controlled 
by School. plus one yeor of internship. 
New School ond residence with swimming 
pool in ropidly growing city of 100,000 
people. Good personnel policies. Solory 
under review. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
St. John's, Newfoundland 


HAMILTON CIVIC HOSPITALS 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 


announces 


Foculty positions ore ovoiloble 


1. EDUCATIONAL CO.ORDINATOR 


2. PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 


3. NURSING 


Address enquiries to: 
Director, School of Nursing, 
HAMILTON CIVIC HOSPITALS, 
Barton Street East, 
Hamilton, Ontario 


SUNNYBROOK 
HOSPIT AL 


REGISTERED NURSES 


General Duty Nurses on rotating 
shifts are needed as part of the 
re-organization of Sunnybrook as 
a university teaching hospital. 
Employment in our Nursing Ser- 
vices Department includes: 


Metro Toronto Salary Scale 
Accommodation at reduced 
rates. Full range of fringe 
benefits 


Theree weeks vacation after 
1 year 


Good location 
subway on 
grounds. 


bus from 
to hospital 


For additional information, 
please write: 
Director of Personnel 
and Public Re!ations, 


SUNNYBROOK HOSPITAL 


2075 Bayview Avenue 
Toronto 12, Ontario 


MAY 1967 



:.... 


This is a little Eskimo boy 


Sometime during the next year, 
he might fall and hurt himself- 
or get measles or pneumonia. 


He will need the care of a nurse. 


A good nurse. 


Maybe you7 


Registered hospital and public health nurses, certified nursing assistants, 
for further information write to: 
MEDICAL SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE, OTTAWA, CANADA. 


ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING 


VICTORIA HOSPIT At 


lONDON, ONTARIO 


Applications are invited for the 
above position in a fully ac- 
credited 163-bed General Hos- 
pital in beautiful Northern On- 
tario. 


Modern 1,000-bed hospital 
Requires 
Registered Nurses for 
all services 
and 


Desirable qualifications should 
include B.S.N. Degree with ex- 
perience in supervision. 


Registered 
Nursing Assistants 


For further information, 
Write to: 


40 hour week - Pension plan 
- Good salaries and Personnel 
Policies. 


Director of Nursing 


Apply: 


Director of Nursing 


KIRKLAND and DISTRICT HOSPITAL 


VICTORIA HOSPIT At 


Kirkland Lake, Ontario. 


London, Onto 


MAY 1967 


ST. JOSEPH'S 
HOSPIT AL 
HAMIL TON. 
ONTARIO 


A modern, progressive hospital, 
located in the centre of Ontario's 
Golden Horseshoe- 
invites applications for 
GENERAL STAFF 
NURSES 


and 


REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 


Immediate openings are avail- 
able in Operating Room, Psy- 
chiatry, Intensive Care - Coro- 
nary Monitor Unit, Obstetrics, 
Medical, Surgical and Paediatrics. 
For further information write to: 
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
S1 JOSEPH'S HOSPIT At 


Hamilton, Ontario 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 63 



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recreation 


Specialize at either the 424 bed Grace Central 
Hospital i
 the new $250 mIllion Detroit Medical 
Center or at the 448 bed Grace Northwest Hospital. 
(Grace IS second largest in terms of admissions in 
Michigan) 
Further your education at nearby Wayne State 
University or one of the many smaller colleges 
nearby. 
EnJoy your leisure time in the heart of the 
cultural and entertainment center of dynamic 
Detroit or enJoy the all-year around sports and 
recreation of Michigan. 
Staff nurses at Grace earn from $550 to $650 per 
month plus shift differential of 53.50 per day for 
evenmg and noght duty In addition to very generous 
fringe benelits. Other positions pay even more. 
For full Information contact Director of Nursing: 


GRACE CENTRAL HOSPITAL 
4160 John R. Street. 
Detroit. Michigan 48201 
or 
GRACE NORTHWEST HOSPITAL 
18700 Meyers Road. 
Detroit. MichIgan 48235 


64 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


OWEN SOUND GENERAL 
AND MARINE HOSPITAL 


requires 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES 


This 250-bed modern hospital is 
located in a year round recrea- 
tion area with activities only 
minutes from hospital or home. 
Salary $400 - $480 per month. 
Experience and post basic edu- 
cation recognized. A new Re- 
gional School of Nursing com- 
mences this fall and a 2 + 1 
Educational Programme is pre- 
sently in progress. 


Apply to: 


Miss W. Bell, 
Director of Nursing Service. 


DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING SERVICE 


The Belleville General Hospital 
requires a Director of Nursing 
Service to be responsible for the 
administration of all nursing ser- 
vice activities. 


The hospital presently has a ca- 
pacity of 300 beds and will in- 
crease to a total of 450 beds in 
about one year, upon completion 
of a construction programme. 
The design incorporates a central 
Supply Process Dispatch system. 
Applicants should have a degree 
in nursing service administration 
as well as considerable expe- 
rience in a similar position. 


Applications and enquiries 
should be addressed to: 
Administrator 


BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Belleville, Ontario. 


THE HOSPITAL 


FOR 


SICK CHILDREN 



 
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YOU 


Receive the advantages of: 


1. Five-week orientation pro- 
gram for new staff. 


2. Ongoing in-service education 
for nurses. 


3. Extensive student education 
program. 
4. Research Institute. 


APPLICA liON FOR GENERAL 
DUTY POSITIONS INVITED 


For information contact: 


THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Canada 


MAY 1967 



ST. JOSEPH'S GENERAL HOSPITAL 


PORT ARTHUR, ONTARIO 
In June 1967 the opening of the new addition to the 1960 wing will complete 
our 250-bed modern hospital. Applications are invited for the following Services: 
Surgical, Medical, Pediatrics and Rehabilitation. 


HEAD NURSES for 
3 NURSING UNITS 


REGISTERED NURSES 


I 


REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 


HEAD NURSE for O. R. 


B.Se.N. with experience 
preferred 


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Salary Commensurate with 
qualifications and 
experience 


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Planned Orientation 
Continuing Inservice 
Education 


.- 


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Excellent Personnel Policies 


Opportunity to continue education at lakehead University 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing Service 
ST. JOSEPH'S GEN ERAL HOSPITAL 
Port Arthur r Ontario, Canada. 


LlSTOWEl DISTRICT SECONDARY SCHOOL 


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NURSING ASSISTANTS' TRAINING SCHOOL 




 


Requires for September I, 1967 0 Nursing Insfrucfor to teoch 
Nursing Subjects to Grodes XI ond XII of the Two-Yeor Co-Operofive 
Course for Nursing Assistonts. Applicants must be 0 Regisfered 
Nurse and hold either the degree of Bochelor of Scie'1ce in 
Nursing or anofher University degree. 
The Nursing Assistonts' Course in the Listowel District Secondory 
School is well esfoblished being now in ifs fourfh yeor. 
Hours of work - School Hours - 9 - 4. Sept. - June 
Size of Closses - 14 moximum. 


THE SCARBOROUGH 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


SALARY SCHEDULE Cofegory 1 - $6.100 min. - $ 9.900 mox. 
Cotegory 2 - $6.500 min. - $10,300 mox. 
Cotegory 3 - $7.200 min. - $11,700 mox. 
Cotegory 4 - $7,700 min. - $12.300 mox. 
Annuol increment $300.00, other fringe benefifs. Allowonce for 
teoching experience $300.00 per year; for Nursing experience 
$200.00 per yeor up to 6 years. 


Invites applications from General Duty Nurses. Excellent personnel 
policies. An octive ond stimulating In-Serviæ Education and 
Orientafion Programme. A modern Management Training Pro- 
gramme to ossist the career-minded nurse to assume monageriol 
positions. Salary is commensurate with experience and obility. We 
encouroge you to take odvantoge of the opportunities offered in 
this new ond exponding hospitol with its extended serviæs in 
Poediatrics. Orfhopaedics. Psychiotry. Cardiology. Operating Room. 
Emergency. and Intravenous Theropy. 


For further information write to: 
Director of Nursing 
SCARBOROUGH GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Scarborough, Ontario 


Send applications to, 
or for further information contact: 
Mr. W. H. Jack, Principal, 
listowel District Secondary School 
listowel, Ontario. 


Phone School 
Home 


519-291-1880 
519-291-2143 


MAY 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 65 



YOU 


Are cordially invited to join the 
staff of 


FULLY.QUALIFIED INSTRUCTORS 
AT ST. MARY'S SCHOOL 
OF NURSING IN KITCHENER 


If you have a University Degree 
and are interested in moving to 
a progressive University City on 
Highway 401, we would wel- 
come the opportunity to tell you 
about our School and our liberal 
salaries and benefits 


Sister M. Bonaventure, C. S. J., 
Director of Nursing Education 
ST. MARY'S SCHOOL OF NURSING 


Kitchener, Ontario. 


NURSING 
ADMINISTRA TION 


An attractive, senior position is 
available for a Registered Nurse, 
preferably one with a degree in 
Nursing but a University diploma 
in Nursing Administration will 
be acceptable. Experience in 
nursing service is essential and 
the successful applicant will be a 
member of Management in Nurs- 
ing Administration. Salary will 
be negotiated. Replies, which 
will be confidential, should in- 
clude a resume of experience 
and education. 


Please write to: 


Director of Nursing, 
OSHAWA GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Oshawa, Ontario. 


66 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


REGISTERED NURSES 


AND 


REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


For 300 bed Accredifed General Hospital 
situafed in fhe picturesque Grond River 
Valley. 60 miles from Toronto. 
Modern well-equipped hospifol providing 
quolity nursing care. 
Excellenf personnel policies. 


For further information write: 


Director of Nursing Service 
SOUTH WATERLOO MEMORIAL 
HOSPITAL, 
Galt, Ontario 


MEDICINE HAT 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


MEDICINE HAT, ALBERTA 


STAFF NURSES 


Current Recommended 
Salary Scoles 


Apply: 


Director of Nursing 
or any 
CANADA MANPOWER CENTRE 


RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL 
OF OTTAWA 


A new, oir-conditioned 340-bed hospital. 
Applicotions ore called for Nurses for fhe 
positions of: 


GENERAL STAFF NURSES 


and 
REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 


Address all enquiries to: 
Director of Nursing 
RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL 
OF OTTAWA 
1967 Riverside Drive, 
Ottawa, Ontario 


HAMILTON GENERAL HOSPITAL 


has immediate openings for 


REGISTERED NURSES 


Eligible for Onfario Registrofion. Oppor- 
tunifies for placement in Medicol, Surgicol, 
Paediotric, O.R., Recovery, Infensive Core 
ond Emergency Unifs wifh eorly promo- 
tional possibilifies. A-I benefits ond solo- 
ries. Homilfon is a lorge cify ideolly 
locoted in Soufhern Ontario and hos 0 
fine Universify. 


Apply to: 
Personnel Department, 
HAMILTON GENERAL HOSPITAL, 
Barton Street East, 
Hamilton, Ontario 


REGISTERED NURSES 


SALARY - $415 - $490 


PLUS MERIT INCREASES 
8 HOUR WORKING PERIODS 
MODERN 45 BED 
ACCREDITED HOSPITAL 
RESIDENCE ACCOMMODATION 
RECREATIONAL FACILITIES 
E.G. GOLF, CURLING, SWIMMING 


Write to: 


Director of Nursing 
ANSON GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Iroquois Falls, Ontario 


TEACHER 


FOR 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
GUELPH GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Baccaloureofe preferred, Diplomo will be 
considered. 
Guelph is 0 pleosont cify of 48,000, one 
hour's drive from Toronfo. The University 
of Guelph offers educationol ond culturol 
advonfages to community members. 
The School of Nursing is under separote 
direction from fhe hospifol ond hos ifs 
own Boord of Managemenf. Student En- 
rolment is 98. 


Interested applicants may write: 
Director 
School of Nursing 
GUELPH GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Guelph, Ontario 


MAY 1967 



THE HAMILTON AND DISTRICT SCHOOL OF NURSING 
SPONSORED BY 


THE HAMILTON HEALTH ASSOCIATION 


INVITES APPLICATIONS FOR THE POSITION OF 


INSTRUCTOR 


QUALIFICATIONS - A University degree and graduate experience in one or more fields of nursing 
Eligibility for Nurse Registration in Ontario. 
The fourth group of students will be enrolled in September 1967. Additional teachers will be required 
since the maximum enrolment is expected to be reached this year. 


THE SCHOOL PROGRAM 
CONTROL - The entire curriculum which covers 2 calendar years is planned and controlled by the school 
Clinical experience, practice and observation is provided in: 
1) The H. H. A. complex of hospitals. 
2) The Joseph Brant Memorial Hospital, Burlington. 
3) The Oakville Trafalgar Hospital, Oakville. 
4) The Ontario Hospital, Hamilton. 
5) Community agencies in the area. 


FOR FURTHER INFORM A TlON WRITE TO: 
The Director, 
HAMILTON AND DISTRICT SCHOOL OF NURSING, 
Box 590 r Hamilton, Ontario 


OSHA W A 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES FOR 
All DEPARTMENTS 


Starting salary for Ontario Regis- 
tered nurses $400 with 5 annual 
increments to $480 per month. 
Credit for acceptable previous 
service - one increase for two 
years, two increases for four or 
more years. 
Non-registered - $360.00 
Rotating periods of duty - 3 
weeks vacation - 8 statutory 
hol idays. 
One day's sick credit per month 
beginning in the 7th month of 
service cumulative to 45 days. 
Pension Plan and Group life 
Insurance - Hospital pays 50% 
I of Medical, Blue Cross and Hos- 
I pita I Insurance premiums. 
I 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
OSHAWA GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Oshawa, Ontario 


MAY 1967 


DIRECTOR 
REGIONAL SCHOOL 


OF 


OF NURSING 


"KIRKLAND LAKE" 


Applications are invited for the 
position of Director of a new 
Regional School of Nursing to be 
established in Kirkland Lake with 
an annual enrollment of 30 
students encompassing five area 
hospitals. An excellent opportu- 
nity to develop a program from 
the erection of the building to 
operating the school. 


Please direct enquiries to: 
The Secretary of the Steering 
Committee: 
R. J. Cameron, Administrator, 


KIRKLAND AND DISTRICT 
HOSPITAL 


Kirkland Lake, Ontario. 


I ",I t 

 


.... 


OPPORTUNITY AND CHALLENGE 
FOR THE REGISTERED NURSE 


The new 22 bed Intensive Core Unit of 
fhe Winnipeg Generol Hospital offers a 
one year course in advanced Intensive 
Core Nursing. 
- Salaries scaled fo qualificafions and 
experience 
- Well planned orientation and continu- 
ing educafion 
- Approximately 100 lectures given by 
doctors and nurses 
- Nexf course fo commence September 
1967 
- Uniforms supplied and laundered free 
Staff appointmenfs ore being mode 


now. 


Apply to: 
Mrs. E. E. Hassett, R.N., 
Supervisor, Intensive Care Unit, 
WINNIPEG GENERAL HOSPITAL 
700 William Avenue, 
Winnipeg 3, Manitoba 
clo Personnel Dept. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 67 



VISITING NURSING 


OPPORTUNITIES ACROSS CANADA 



 


lor employment or bursaries 
write Director in Chiel: 


VICTORIAN ORDER OF NURSES 
FOR CANADA 
5 Blackburn Avenue, 
Ottawa 2, Ontario 


PEDIATRIC HEAD NURSE 


with postgraduate course in pediatrics 


Required for 105-bed fully accredited 
Generol Hospitol. Salory based on expe- 
rience and qualificofions. Excellent per- 
sonnel pol icies. 


Apply: 
Director of Nursing Service 
ST. VINCENT DE PAUL 
HOSPIT AL, 
Brockville, Ontario 


REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 


required lor 
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Construcfion of a new hospital scheduled 
for complefion November 1967 will in- 
crease the bed capacity to 450. Included 
in fhe new hospifa I will be the Friesen 
concept of equipment ond moferiol sup' 
ply. Salory commensurafe wifh preporo- 
tion ond experience. Benefits include Co- 
nado Pension Pion. Hospifa1 Pension Plan, 
Group Life Insuronce. Accumulotive sick 
leave. Ontario Hospifal Insurance ond 
P.S.1. - 50% poyment by hospifal. 


Apply: 


Personnel Director 
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Belleville, Ontario 


68 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


Applications are invited lor 
the position 01 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


The Direcfor of Nursing will be respon- 
sible for the odminisfration of 011 nursing 
services wifhin the Hospitol. At persent 
the Hospital operotes 58 beds ond has 
under review plans for renovotion and 
exponsion of services ond additionol beds 
fO 0 toto 1 complement of 125. 


Address enquiries to: 
H. D. Mac Robbie, 
Administratrix, 
WEST LINCOLN MEMORIAL 
HOSPITAL, 
Grimsby, Ontario 


O.R. HEAD NURSE 


Applications ore invited for the above 
posifion, in a 100-bed hospifol. Solory 
$437 - $557 with odditional recognifion 
for posf basic educofion ond experience. 
Preference will be given to appliconfs with 
experience ond post basic preporofion in 
O. R. technique ond nursing odminisfra- 
tion. 


For lurther details please contact: 


Director of Nursing, 
WEYBURN UNION HOSPITAL, 
Weyburn, Saskatchewan 


IN-SERVICE EDUCATION 
CO-ORDINATOR 


Required to reploce refiring incumbenf by 
Sepfember 1 fo pion, direcf ond portici- 
pote in fhe educofional progrommes of 0 
650-bed hospifal. Appliconts must be well 
experienced registered nurses wifh de- 
monstrated leodership ond administrofive 
abilify. Additional advonced quolificafions 
preferoble. Salary according to qualifi- 
cotions. 


Please apply to: 
Director of Nursing, 
HAMILTON GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Barton St. E., 
Hamilton, Ontario 


DIRECTOR OF SCHOOL 
OF NURSING 


THE OTTAWA REGIONAL SCHOOL OF 
NURSING 
has an opening for 0 Director. 
REQUIREMENTS: Moster's Degree prefer- 
red ond a good working knowledge of 
English and French. 
CHALLENGE: A unique opporfunify fO par- 
ticipafe in the pions for the building 
of the school ond in the developmenf 
of the progromme for bilingual sfu- 
dents. 
APPOINTMENT: To be mode as soon os 
possible. 
APPLICATIONS: Inferesfed oppliconts ore 
invited to correspond with: 


The Chairman of the Board 
of Directors, 
Mr. LAVAL FORTIER, 
269 Stewart Street r 
Ottawa 2, Ontario 


ST. MARrS HOSPITAL 


TIMMINS, ONTARIO 


Modern 2OQ-bed hospifol situated 
in Norfhern Ontario. 


Requires 


REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 


STARTING SALARY: Reg.N. $415 per month 
R.N.A. $270 per month 
Recognition given for quolificotions and 
experience. Excellent personnel policies. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing Service 
ST. MARY'S HOSPITAL 
Timmins, Ontario. 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 


requires 


INSTRUCTOR IN SCIENCE 
AND MEDICAL 
SURGICAL NURSING 


REQUIREMENTS: 


University preparafion in Nursing Edu- 
cofion. Salary differentiol for degree 


For lurther inlormation, 
contact : 


Director of Nursing 
JEFFERY HALE'S HOSPITAL 
1250 St-Foy Road, Quebec 
6, P.Q. 


MAY 1967 



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NURSES 



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Forty thousand people 
North of the 53rd parallel need you. 
Manlloba'
 rapidly expanding Northland olfe" 
a challenging rewarding lile for REGISTERED 
NURSES interested in PUBLIC HEALTH. 


\\ 


Fbsitions with the Mamtoba Department of 
Health open at The Pas, Manitoba and other 
Northern locations. 


. w,......... 


For further mformation and application forms 
contact: Director of Nursing. 
Publi<. Health Nursing Servi<'ß. 
Manitoba Department of Health. 
Room 415. Norquay Building. 
Winmpeg 1. Mamtoba. 


II 


DIRECTOR OF SCHOOL 
OF NURSING 


REGISTERED NURSES 


REQUIRED FOR 
DISTRICT SCHOOL OF NURSING 


Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois is a 
new 587-bed General Hospital, located in a pleasant 
suburb of Chicago. 
The hospital is modern with a wide range of services 
to patients, including Hyperbaric Oxygen Unit. Low- 
cost modern housing next to the hospital is available. 
The hospital is completely air-conditioned. 
Annual beginning salary is from $6,000 plus shift 
differential pay. Regular salary increments at six 
months of service and yearly thereafter. Sick leave 
and other fringe benefits are also available. 


Minimum Requirement - B. Sc. N., with five years 
experience, two of these in Nursing Education. 


Apply to: 


Write or call collect: 


Mr. Harold Swanson, Chairman, 


Director of Nursing Services 


220 Clarke Street 


LUTHERAN GENERAL HOSPITAL 
PARK RIDGE, ILLINOIS 60068 
Telephone: 692-2210 Ext. 211 
Area Code: 312 


BOARD OF NURSING EDUCATION 


WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO 


MAY 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 69 



WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Requires 


GENERAL STAFF NURSES 


All DEPARTMENTS 


and 


O.R. TECHNICIANS 


Apply: 
Director of Nursing 
WOODSTOCK 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Woodstock, Ontario 


McKEllAR GENERAL HOSPITAL 


requires 


Registered Nurses for General Staff. The 
hospifal is friendly and progressive. 
It is now in the beginning stages of a 
$3,500,000 program of expansion and 
renovation. 


- Openings in all services. 
- Proximify ta lakehead 
ensures opporfunily for 
education. 


University 
furthering 


For full particulars write to: 
Director 
of Nursing Service 


McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL, 
Fort William, Ontario. 


ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
Hamilton, Ontario 


requires 


CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS in all Nursing 
areas. Well-equipped, modern School of 
Nursing. Student enrolment over 300. 
Modern, progressive, SOO-bed Hospital. 
Salary commensurate with preparation 
and experience. 


For further details, apply: 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


70 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


PORT COlBORNE 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


PORT COLBORNE, ONTARIO 


STAFF NURSES 


required 


For 166-bed hospital within easy driving 
distance af American and Canadian me- 
fropalifan centres. Consideration given for 
previous experience obtained in Canada. 
Completely furnished apartmenf-slyle resi- 
dence, including balcony and swimming 
pool facing loke, adjacent to hospital. 


Apply: 
Director of Nursing 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Port Colborne,Ontorio 


REGISTERED NURSES 


For new 100.bed General Hospital in 
resort town of 14,000 people, beaufifully 
located on shores of lake af the Woods. 
Three hours' travel time from Winnipeg 
wifh good transparfafion available. Wide 
variefy of summer and winfer sports- 
swimming, boating, fishing, golfing, skaf- 
ing, curling, tobogganing, skiing and ice 
fishing. 
Solary: $372 for nurses regisfered in 
Ontario with allowance for experience. 
Residence available. Good personnel poli- 
cies. 


Appty to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
KENORA GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Kenora, Ontario 


VICTORIAN ORDER 
OF NURSES 


GREATER TORONTO BRANCH 


Invites applications for positions 0' 


PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE 


This branch offers diversified experience 
including bedside nursing, individual 
teaching, participafion in Home Care 
Program for Mefropolitan Toronto, and 
student program. Inservice educafion and 
other employee benefits. 


For details apply: 
Director 
VICTORIAN ORDER OF NURSES 
GREATER TORONTO BRANCH 
281 Sherbourne Street 
Toronto 2, Ontario 


Sf. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 


LONDON, ONTARIO 


Teaching Hospital, 600 beds, new facilifies 


requires: 


REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


For further information apply: 


The Di..ector of Nursing 
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 
London, Ontario 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
EDUCATION 


Masfer's degree preferred; fo conduct 
basic nursing program and affilliate pro- 
gram. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, 
CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL 
OF WINNIPEG, 
Winnipeg, Manitoba. 


QUO V ADiS 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 


OFFERS 


Interesting positions for teachers 
in Medical-Surgical Nursing in a 
two-year program. Degree and 
experience essential. 


Write: 


THE DIRECTOR 
38 Sunnyside Avenue 
Toronto 3, Ontario 


MAY 1967 



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. .. 
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. OF ALBERTA 
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I' 1'111 HOSPITAL 
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A 1,200 bed teaching hospital, with a School of Nursing of 450 students. A rapidly expanding Medical 
Center, situated on a growing University Campus. 


NURSING OFFERS 


* Planned Orientation Programme 
* In Service Education Programme 
* Organized programme to provide op- 
portunities for T eom leaders, leader- 
ship Responsibility 
* Opparfunifies for Professional develop- 
ment in O.R., Coronary Core, Cardiac 
Surgery, Renal Dialysis, Neurosurgery, 
and Rehabilifation 


For more information write to: 
Director of Nursing 


UNIVERSITY 
OF ALBERTA 
HOSPITAL 


Edmonton, Alberta 
Canada 


BENEFITS 


* Excellenf Pafient Care Facilities 


* Salary scaled to qualificafion and ex- 
perience 


* liberal personnel policies 


ONTARIO SOCIETY 
FOR 
CRIPPLED CHILDREN 


requires 
· Camp Directors 
· General Staff Nurses 
· Registered Nursing Assistants 
for 
FIVE SUMMER CAMPS 
located near 
OTTAWA COLLINGWOOD 
LONDON - PORT COLBORNE 
KIRKLAND LAKE 


Applications are invited from nurses in- 
terested in the rehabilitation of physically 
handicapped children. Preference given to 
CAMP DIRECTOR applicants having super- 
visory experience 000 to NURSING ap- 
plicants with paediatric experience. 


Apply in writing to: 
Miss HREN WALLACE, Reg. N. r 
Supervisor of Camps, 
350 Rumsey Road, 
Toronto 17, Ontario 


MAY 1967 


GUELPH 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


ACTlVE-200 BEDS-FULLY 
ACCREDITED 


requires 


GENERAL STAFF NURSES 
REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 


Pleasant City of 48,500, one 
hour from Toronto Via 401. 
Good personnel policies. 


For further details apply to: 
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
GENERAl HOSPITAL 
Guelph, Ontario 


AJAX AND 
PICKERING 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


AJAX, ONTARIO 
127 Beds 


Nursing the patient as an indi- 
vidual. Vacancies, General Duty 
R.N:s and Registered Nursing 
Assistants for all areas, Full time 
and part time. Salaries as in Me- 
tro Toronto. Consideration for ex- 
perience and education. Excellent 
fringe benefits. Residence accom- 
modation, single rooms, House- 
keeping privileges. 


Apply to: 
NURSING OFFICE PERSONNEL 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 71 



THE GENERAL REGISTRY 
OF GRADUATE NURSES 
TORONTO 


FURNISH NURSES 
AT ANY HOUR 
DAY or NIGHT 


Telephone: 483-4306 


411 Eglinton Avenue East 
Suite 500 
Toronto 12, Ontario 


JEAN C. BROWN, REG.N. 


McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
Invites applications for the positions of: 
TEACHERS IN 
MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING 


Responsibilifies include classroom and cli- 
nical teaching in an integrated 36 month 
programme. 
The School has an enrolment of 140 
sfudents and is associafed wifh a 375 bed 
hospital. 
Proximity fo the lakehead University of- 
fers opportunities for furfher sfudy and 
advancement. 
Universify preparation required wifh sal- 
ary differential for degree. 


Apply to: 
The Director of Nursing Education 
McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL 
School of Nursing, Fort William, Ontario 


ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING SERVICE 


Applications are invited for the posifion 
of Assistant Director of Nursing Service 
for a 291-bed fully accredited General 
Hospital 
Preference will be given fo applicanfs 
with preparafion and experience in nurs- 
ing service administrafion. 


Apply to: 


Director of Nursing Service 
THE GENERAL HOSPITAL 
OF PORT ARTHUR 
Port Arthur, Ontario 


72 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


REGISTERED NURSES 


required for 


B2-bed hospitoL Situated in the Niagara 
Peninsula. Transporfation assistance. 


For salary rafes and personnel policies, 


apply to: 
Director of Nursing 


HALDIMAND WAR MEMORIAL 
HOSPITAL 


Dunnville, Ontario 


CATHERINE BOOTH HOSPITAL 


Requires 


REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


for new BO-bed hospital in west-end 
MonfreaL 
Openings in: Obsfetrics 
Gynaecology 
General Surgery 
Planned orientafion and acfive Inservice 
program. Salaries in accordance with 
ANPQ 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
CATHERINE BOOTH HOSPITAL 
4375 Montclair Ave., 
Montreal 28, Que. 


PETERBOROUGH CIVIC HOSPITAL 


School of Nursing requires 


INSTRUCTRESS (Nursing Arts) 
INSTRUCTRESS (Medical.Surgical Area) 
New self-contained educofion building for 
school of nursing now open. 
Trent Universify is situafed in Peterborough 


For further information write to: 


Director of Nursing 
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC 
HOSPITAL 
Peterborough, Ontario 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES 
and 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 


Wanted for acfive General Hospital (125 
beds) situated in St. Anfhony, Newfound- 
land, a town of 2,400 and headquarters 
of the Internafional Grenfell Associafion 
which provides medical care for northern 
Newfoundland and the coasf of labrador. 
Salaries in accordance with ARNN. 


For further information 
ptease write: 


Miss Dorothy A. Plant 
INTERNATIONAL GRENFEll ASSOCIATION 
Room 701A, 88 Metcalfe Street, 
OnAWA 4, ONTARIO 


SOUTH PEEL HOSpnAL 


COOKSYILLE, ONTARIO 


A new 450.bed General Hospifal, located 
12 miles from 1he Cify of Toronto. has 
openings for: 


(1) GENERAL STAFF NURSES in all de. 
partments; 


(2) Registered Nursing Assistants in all 
departments. 


For information or application, write to: 


Director of Nursing 
SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 
Cooksville, Ontario 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 
PUBLIC GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Chatham, Ontario 


requires 


INSTRUCTORS 


Sfudenf Body of 130 
Modern self-contained educafion building 
University Preparation required wifh 
salary differenfial for Degree. 


For further information, 
apply to: 


Director, Nursing Education 


MAY 1967 



. minutes away from Boston Pops, Harvard Square, historic landmarks, beautiful beaches, nationally famous 
colleges and universities, sailing on the Charles River, old Cape Cod and magnificent skiing. What's more, Beth 
Israel is just minutes away from the new Boston . . . as modern as its exciting 52-story Prudential skyscraper. 
And e\fery minute of a nurse's time is valuable - as valuable as gold. Beth Israel, an integral part of the Harvard 
Medical Complex, realizes this. So at B.I., a nurse is 
free to nurse . . . she is relieved from the pressure
 
and drudgery of non-nursing duties. A B.I. nurse is 
encouraged through tuition reimbursement to further 
her education. A B.I. nurse uses some of the most 
modern equipment available, much of which Wé!o; in- 
vented and perfected at the hospital. A B.I. nurse 
works side by side with many of the world's finest 
medical people. 
Take a few minutes to consider Boston. . . and the 
unlimited professional opportunities at Boston's Beth 
Israel Hospital. 
For further details on nursing at Beth Israel, reply to: 
Miss Susan Vinnicombe, Supervisor of Nursing Place- 
ment, Dept. 23 


MINUTES. 
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KINGSTON. ONTARIO 
CRADUATE NURSES 
MALE and FEMALE 


Excellent opportunities for advancement in a 600 bed 
University Teaching Hospital 


SALARY SCALE 
with Ontario registration 
$400 - $480 PER MONTH 
without Ontario registration 
$360 - $420 PER MONTH 
credit given for post graduate experience and univer- 
sity preparation. 


FACILITIES AVAILABLE FOR GRADUATES TO QUALIFY 
FOR ONTARIO REGISTRATION 


Write to: 


Mr. J. SCHOLES, 
Associate Director Nursing Administration, 
KINGSTON GENERAL HOSPITAL, 
Kingston, Ontario, 
Canada 


\<\AY 1967 


.. 


BETH ISRAEL HOSPITAL 
330 Brookline Avenue 
Boston, Massachusetts 02215 


An Fqual Opportunity Emplover 


SCARBOROUGH CENTENARY HOSPITAL 


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Invites Applications For: 
- HEAD NURSES IN ALL AREAS 
- CASE ROOM, EMERGENCY AND I.C.U. STAFF 
- GENERAL STAFF R,N. AND R.N.A. 


This modern 7S0-bed hospifal, scheduled to open in the Summer of 
1967, is fully equipped wifh the lafest facilifies to assist personnel 
in patienf care and embraces fhe most modern concepts of feam 
nursing. (See Hospital Administration in Canada January 1967 
edifian). Excellent personnel policies are avoilable. Progressive staff 
and management development programs offer the maximum op' 
porfunities for those who are interested. Salary is commensurafe 
with experience and ability. 


For further information, please direct your enquiries to: 
Director of Nursing Service, 
SCARBOROUGH CENTENARY HOSPITAL 
Post Office Box 250, West Hill, Ontario 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 73 



EL CAMINO 


HOSPIT AL 


LOCATED IN BEAUTIFUL SANTA CLARA VALLEY 
YEAR 'ROUND SMOG-FREE TEMPERATE CLIMATE 


Registered Nurses - 
All Service. 
Storting salary for 
Experienced 
Registered Nurses 
$550 per monfh 
44B-bed fully-accred- 
ited general hospi- 
tal located 40 min- 
utes soufh of 
downtown San 
Francisco 


- 


- 
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Ample opportunify 
for professional 
development as 
there are two col- 
leges ond fwo uni- 
versities in the 
immediofe vicinity 
Excellent recreotionol 
focilifies in close 
proximity to the 
hospitol 



 


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. 


Benefits Include: 


Plonned orienfotion 
progrom 
Continuing in-service 
educofion 
Two to four weeks 
vacation 


Eight poid holidoys 
Accumulative sick 
leove 
Free group life 
insurance 


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Fully poid heolfh in- 
surance including 
fomily coverage 
Fully poid retirement 
program 
liberal shift 
differenfioJ 
40-hour week 


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Apply to: 
PERSON N EL DI RECTOR 
EI Camino Hospital 
2500 Grant Road 
Mountain View, California 94040 


MAIMONIDES HOSPITAL 
AND HOME FOR THE AGED 


AN OPPORTUNITy.... 
A CHALLENGE.... 
A NEW EXPERIENCE.... 


SUPERVISORS, STAFF NURSES, NURSING 
ASSISTANTS, INSTRUCTORS, PSYCHIATRIC 
NURSE: 


We invite you to join the nursing staff of New Mai. 
monides. 


LIBERAL VACATION . HEALTH AND 
PENSION PLANS . SALARIES COM- 
MENSURA TE WITH RECOGNIZED SCALES 


Apply to: 


DIRECTOR Of NURSING 


5795 Caldwell Avenue 
Montreal 29, Quebec 


74 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPITAL 


HALlFAX r NOVA SCOTIA 


Invites applications from Registered Nurses 
for all services including operating room r 
recovery room, intensive care and emergency 
in completely new wing. 


Salary range for General Staff positions 
$360.00 - $420.00 per month 
and other liberal benefits. 


Direct enquiries to: 


Director of Nursing, 


VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPITAL 


3383 


Halifax, Nova Scotia 


MAY 1967 



What does 
Methodist Hospital 
have to offer me? 


At the Methodist Hospital, where research is a part 
of progress, a nursing career takes on new horizons - 
rich in meaning and professional satisfaction. 
If you're looking for the chance to be the nurse 
you've always dreamed of - coming to the world 
famous Methodist Hospital can be an adventure - 
almost like stepping into the future - splendid 
facilities, so much advance equipment and 
everywhere the newest medical and patient care 
tethniques are in use. 
Some of the best aspects of nursing at METHODIST 
are as old as medicine itself - there is a spirit of 
kindness and consideration, and emphasis on patient 
care, that make this a hospital where nursing is 
satisfying and rewarding, day by day. 
Methodist Hospital is right in the center of the world's 
great Medical, Research and Educational complexes. 
HOUSTON is an exciting city - rodeo and opera, 
pro.football and the famous Alley Theatre, water sports 
and beaches an hour or less away, the Houston 
Symphony and the Astrodome! 


A Few Quick Facts: We're affiliated with Baylor 
University College of Medicine and associated with 
Texas Woman's University College of Nursing. 
New $9Y2 million Cardiovascular and Orthopedic 
Research Center will open soon. Our Insef\lice 
Education Department gives you thorough 
orientation, and continued instruction in new 
concepts and techniques. You'll find every 
encouragement to broaden your skills, 
including tuition assistance in obtaining 
further education in nursing. 


Send for Your Colorful Informative Illustrated 
Brochure. . . to learn about Methodist Hospital, 
Houston, positions available, salary and employment 
benefits, tuition allowance, complimentary room 
accommodation and our Nurse Specialist Programs. 
Write, call or send coupon, Director of Personnel, 
The Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, 
Houston, Texas 77025 


r-------------------------------------. 
I Director of Personnel, THE METHODIST HOSPITAL, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77025 I 
I Please send me your brochure about nursing opportunities at THE METHODIST HOSPITAL-Texas Medical Center I 
I I 
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I Add ress I 
I I 
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L_____________________________________ 


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SCOTLAND 


THE PLACE TO 
CENTENNIAL 


THE ROYAL INFIRMARY OF EDINBURGH 


BE IN 
YEAR! 


OTTAWA CIVIC HOSPITAL 
Ottawa, Ontario 


REGISTERED GENERAL NURSES are invited to apply 
for interesting posts of at least six months' duration 
in this University Teaching Hospital. Duties may be 
in general wards, or intensive care units. 42 hour 
week. Salary E690 - E850 per annum. 


Enjoy life in green and pleasant Ottawa. Daily 
train and bus service to Expo '67! Challenging 
work in a modern teaching Hospital of 1087 
beds, where adminisfration is progressive and 
sfaff participation encouraged. In-Sef\lice Educa- 
fion program well esfablished. Excellent salaries, 
personnel policies and fringe benefits to: 


Residential accommodation available, if required. 


Registration in the United Kingdom necessary. Arran- 
gements should be made through applicant's National 
Nurses' Association. 


For lull details apply to: 


The Lady Superintendent of Nurses, 


THE ROYAL INFIRMARY 


Edinburg, 3. 


REGISTERED NURSES 


for all services including Operating Room and 
Psychiatry. 


Apply in writing to: 


Miss B. JEAN MILLIGAN, Reg.N., M.A. 
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR. 



AY 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 75 



OPERATING ROOM SUPERVISOR: 


To be in charge of Operafing Suite and 
Emergency service of 58-bed hospifal. 
Plans for renovation and expansion of 
services and additional beds to a tofal 
complemenf of 125 are under review. 
Operating Room Supervisor is responsible 
to fhe Direcfor of Nursing. 


Address enquiries to: 


H. D. MacRobbie, 
Administratrix, 
WEST LINCOLN MEMORIAL 
HOSPITAL, 
Grimsby, Ontario 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 


ST. THOMAS-ELGIN GENERAL HOSPITAL 


will require 
2 TEACHERS - AUGUST 1967 
DUTIES: Instruction in Science and Medical. 
Surgical Nursing Participation in deve- 
lopmenf of 2 year programme. 
QUALIFICATIONS: Universify preparation 
in Nursing Educafion or Public Health. 
SALARY: Commensurafe wifh experience 
and educafion. 50 sfudents enrolled 
annually. 


For further information contact: 


Director School of Nursing 
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 
St. Thomas, Onto 


CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS 


required 


with preparafion and experience. Eligible 
for B. C. Registrafion. Medical, Surgical 
and Paediatric areas. 


Student enrollment - 200 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
ROYAL J UBILEE HOSPITAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
Victoria, B. C. 


76 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


DIRECTOR OF 
NURSING SERVla 


ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 
LONDON, ONTARIO 


Applications are invited 
for the position of: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING SERVICE. 


Duties to commence not later than July 
15, 1967. Minimum qualifications-<l bac- 
coleaureofe degree and nursing adminis- 
trafion experience. 


Please address applications to: 
Assistant Ad...,inistrator 
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 
London, Ontario 


WANTED 


Regisfered Nurses required for twelve-bed 
Company hospital in Lynn Lake, Manitoba. 
Solary $385.00 per month plus five an- 
nual increments. Free aparfment and 
boord. Relocafion expenses. Company 
paid insurance, medical, hospital plans 
and pension plan available. 


For further particulars, apply to: 


Personnel Manager, 
SHERRITT GORDON MINES 
LIMITED, 
Lynn Lake, Manitoba. 


REGISTERED NURSES 


Registered Nurses required for General 
Duty in well staffed 90 bed general hos- 
pital. 
Solary Scale $3,200 x $120 to $4,200 per 
annum. 
liberal personnel policy. 
Good prospects for early promotion to 
senior posifions an basis of merit and 
ability rafher than on seniority. 
Fare paid from present location. 


Appty for further details 
to: 
Dr. A. H. Dennison 
Medical Superintendent 
NOTRE DAME BAY 
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 
Twillingate, Newfoundland 


PSYCHIATRIC 
CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR 


required by 


ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL 
KAMLOOPS. British Columbia 


For further information write to: 


Director of Nursing Education 
ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL 
Kamloops, B. C. 


GRADUA IE NURSES 


For permanent staff or holiday relief. In 
active 1M-bed ocufe General Hospital 
wifh full accreditation, located in the 
Columbia River Valley in southeasfern 
British Columbia. Unlimited social and 
sporfs activifies including golf, fennis, 
swimming, skiing and curling. 40 hour 
week; Starfing salary after regisfration 
$390 rising to $466. Four weeks annuel 
vacafion, 10 statutory holidays, 1 1 12 days 
sick leave per month cumulative to 120 
days. Employer-employee porficipation in 
medical coverage and superannuation. 
Residence accommodation. 


For further information apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
TRAIL-TADANAC HOSPITAL 
Trail, British Columbia 


ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 


SARNIA, ONTARIO 


Invites applications for the 
positions of: 


IN-SERVICE DIRECTOR 
EVENING SUPERVISOR 
GENERAL DUTY NURSES 


328-bed hospital, excellent personnel po- 
licies 


For further information apply: 
Director of Nursing 
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 
Sarnia, Ontario 


MAY 1967 



THE WINNIPEG 
GENERAL HOSPIT At 


Offers the following opporfunity far ad- 
vanced preparafion to qualified Registered 
Graduate Nurses: 


A SIX MONTH CLINICAL COURSE 
in 
OPERATING ROOM 
PRINCIPLES AND ADVANCED 
PRACTICE 


The course cammences in September af 
each year. Maintenance is provided, and 
a reasonable stipend is given each month. 
Enrolment is limifed to a maximum of 
fen studenfs. 


For further information please 
write to: 


THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
700 William Ave. 
Winnipeg 3 


McMASTER 
UNIVERSITY 


DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC 
NURSING (B.Se.N.) 


A Four-Year Course which pre- 
pares students for all branches 
of community and hospital nur- 
sing practice and leads to the 
degree, Bachelor of Seience in 
Nursing (B.Se.N.). It includes 
studies in the humanities, basic 
sciences and nursing. Bursaries, 
loans and scholarships are a- 
vailable. 


For additional information, 
write to: 
School of Nursing 
McMASTER UNIVERSITY 
Hamilton, Ontario 


. vtA Y 1967 


UNITED STATES 


I I 


WEST INDIES 


GENERAL DUTY AND LICENSED PRACTICAL NURSES: 
115.bed JCAH hospitol on shores of lake Okeecho- 
bee. liberal personnel policies; starting salary for 
RN's. $525 (for lPN's $375) with 10% differential 
for each group evenings and nights. Free meals; 
nurses' residence available. Apply: Director of 
Nurses, Glades General Hospital, Belle Glade, Flo- 
rida 33430. 15-10-3A 


Regist.red Graduat. Nurses who wish to go in valu- 
able and interesting experience in the semi tropical 
county of Haiti. Hðpital Albert Schweitzer, Arti- 
bonite Valley near St. Marc is a well-equipped 
modern hospital, 160 average daily census, medical, 
surgical, pediatric wards and daily clinics. Two 
year contract, $150 per month with transportation 
to and from point or origin, maintenance, medical 
care as provided at hospital. Compensatory day off 
for any holiday worked; there are at least 17 na- 
tional and religious holidays in Haiti. The nurse is 
entitled to a vacation allowance at the rate of two 
days for each full calendar month worked. Write, 
Miss Walborg L. Peterson, P.O. Box 2213-B, Port-au- 
Prince, Haiti. 17-1-
 


REGISTERED NURSES: for 75-bed air conditioned 
hospital, growing community. Starting salary $330- 
S365/m, fringe benefits, vacation, sick leave, holi- 
days, life insurance, hospitalization. 1 meal furnish- 
ed. Write: Administrator, Hendry General Hospital, 
Clewiston, Florida. 15-10-1 



 B.
J 'd'1 


SCHOOL FOR GRADUATE NURSES 
McGill UNIVERSITY 


PROGRAMS FOR GRADUATE NURSES 
DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF NURSING 


Two years from McGill Senior Matriculafion or three years from McGill Junior 
Matriculafion or the equivalents. In First Year fhe studenf elecfs one clinical 
setting in which to sfudy nursing, selecfing from 


. Mafernal and Child Health Nursing 


. Medical-Surgical Nursing 
· Mental Healfh and Psychiatric Nursing 
· Public Health Nursing 


In Final Year the sfudent sfudies in nursing education, or nursing service 
supervision, selecting from 
. Teaching of Nursing 


· Supervision of Nursing Service in Hospitals 


· Supervision of Public Health Nursing Service 


DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE (APPLIED) 


A program of fwo academic years for nurses with a baccalaureate degree. 
Students elect to major in: 
· Development and Administration of Educational Programs in Nursing 
. Nursing Service Administration in Hospifals and Public Healfh Agencies 


PROGRAM IN BASIC NURSING 
leading to the degree Bachelor of Science In Nursing 


A five-year program far students with McGill Junior Matriculafion Or ifs equivalent. 
This program combines academic and professional courses with supervised nursing 
experience in the McGill teaching hospifals and selecfed health agencies_ This brood 
background of education, followed by graduate professional experience, prepares 
nursrs for advanced levels of service in hospitals and community. 


For further particulors write to: 


DIRECTOR, McGILL SCHOOL FOR GRADUATE NURSES 
3506 UNIVERSITY STREET, MONTREAL 2, QUE. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 77 



I I 


UNITED STATES 


UNITED STATES 


STAFF NURSES Here is the opportunity to further 
develop your professõonal skills and knowledge in 
our I,ooo-bed medical center. We have liberal personnel 
policies with premiums for evening and night tours. 
Our nurses' residence, located in the midst of 33 
cultural and educational institutions, offers low-cost 
housing adjacent to the Hospitals. Write for our booklet 
on nursing opportunities. Feel free to tell us whaffype 
position you are seeking_ Write: Director of Nursing, 
Room 600, University Hospitals of Cleveland, University 
Circle, Cleveland, Ohio 44-06 15-36.1 G 


STAFF NURSES: To work in Extended Core or Tuber- 
culosis Unit. Live in lovely suburban Cleveland in 
2.bedroom house for $55 a month including all 
utilities. Modern salary and excellent fringe benefits. 
Write Director of Nursing Service, 4310 Richmond 
Rood, Cleveland, Ohio. 15-36 1 F 


GRADUATE NURSES - Wouldn't you like to work 
at a modern 532-bed acute General Teaching Hos. 
pital where you would have: (0) unlimited oppor- 
tunities for professional growth and advcmcement, 
Ib) tuition paid for advanced study, (c) starting 
salary of $429 per month (to those with pending 
registration as well), d) progressive personnel pOli. 
cies, (e) a choice of areas? For further information, 
write or call collect: Miss Louise Harrison, Director 
of Nursing Service, Mount Sinai Hospital, University 
Circle, Cleveland, Ohio 44106. Phone SWeetbriar 
5-6000. 15-36-1 D 


Registered Nune (Scenic Oregon vacation play- 
ground, skiing, swimming, boating & cultural 
events) for 295.bed feaching unit on campus of 
University of Oregon medical school. Salary storts 
at $575. Pay differential for nights and evenings. 
liberal policy for advancement, vacations, sick 
leave, holidays. Apply: Multnomah Hospital, Port. 
land, Oregon. 97201. 1.5-38-1 


ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 


MONTREAL, QUEBEC 


POSTGRADUATE COURSES 


1. 


(a) 'Six month clinical course in Obstetrical Nursing. 
Classes - September and March. 
(b) Two month clinical course in Gynecological Nursing. 
Classes following the six month course in Obstetrical 
Nursing. 
(c) Eight week course in Care of the Premature Infant. 


2. 


Six month course in Operating Room Technique. 
Classes - September and March. 


3. 


Six month course in Theory and Practice in Psychiatric 
Nursing. 
Classes - September and March. 


For information and details of the courses, apply to: 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 


Montreal, P.Q. 


78 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


I I 


I ! 


UNITED STATES 


STAFF NURSES: University of Washington. 320-bed 
modern, expanding Teaching and Research Hospital 
located on campus offers you an opportunity to 
join the stoff in one of the following specialties: 
Clinical Research, Premature Center, Open Heart 
Surgery, Physical Medicine, Orthopedics, Neurosur- 
gery, Adult and Child Psychiatry in addition to 
the General Services. Salary: $501 to $576. Unique 
benefit program includes free University courses after 
six months. For information on opportunities, write 
to: Mrs. Ruth Fine. Director of Nursing Services, 
University Hospital, 1959 N.E. Pacific Avenue, 
Seattle, Washington 98105. 15.48-2D 


THE UNIVERSITY OF 
WESTERN ONTARIO 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 


announces 


FACULTY POSITIONS 
available for the following programmes: 
1. A Four-Year Basic Degree ProgrammE 
(B.Sc.N.) beginning in September 1966 
2. Degree Programme for Graduafe Reg. 
istered Nurses. 
3. Expanding graduafe programmes 
(M.Sc.N.). 
Enquires are invited from qualified persons 
who are interesfed in University feaching 
opporfunifies in the School of Nursing of 0 
rapidly developing Heolfh Sciences Centre. 


For informatian write to: 
The Dean, School of Nursing 
THE UNIVERSITY OF 
WESTERN ONTARIO 
London, Canada 


UNIVERSITY OF 
BRITISH COLUMBIA 


School of Nursing 


DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC 
NURSING 
DEGREE COURSE FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 


Both of these courses lead to the 
B.S.N. degree. Graduates are pre- 
pared for public health as well as 
hospital nursing positions. 


DIPLOMA COURSES FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 


I. Public Health Nursing. 
2. Administration of Hospital 
Nursing Units. 
3. Psychiatric Nursing. 


For information write to: 
The Director 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 
UNIVERSITY OF B.C. 
Vancouver 8, B.C. 


MAY 1967 



THE MONTREAL GENERAL HOSPITAL 


offers a 
6 month Advanced Course in 
Operating Room Technique and 
Management to 
REGISTERED NURSES 


with a year's Graduate experience 
in an Operating Room. 
Classes commence in September and 
March for selected classes of 
8 students 


For further information apply to : 
The Director of Nursing 
THE MONTREAL GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Montreal 25, Quebec 



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REGISTERED & GRADUATE 
NURSES 


Are required to fill vacancies in a modern, centrally 
located Hospital. Tours of duty are 7:30 - 4:00, 3:30- 
12:00 and 11 :30 - 8:00. 
Salary range for Registered Nurses is $382.50 to 
$447.50 per month and for Graduate Nurses is 
$352.50 to $417.50 per month. We offer a full 
range of employee benefits and excellent working 
conditions. 
Day Care facilities for pre-school children from 3 
months to 5 years in age. 


Apply in person, or by letter to : 
Personnel Manager, 
THE RIVERDALE HOSPITAL 
St. Matthews Road, 
Toronto 8, Ontario. 


, -tAY 1967 


AN EXTENSION COURSE 
IN NURSING UNIT ADMINISTRATION 


Nurses interested in enrolling for the Extension Course 
in Nursing Unit Administration should submit their 
applications not later than June 1 st, 1967. Appli- 
cations will be accepted from nurses who are en- 
gaged as assistant head nurses, head nurses or 
supervisors and who are unable to attend a univer- 
sity school of nursing. Directors of nursing in small 
hospitals may also apply. 
The course begins with a five-day workshop in Sep- 
tember, followed by a seven month period of home- 
study. A final five-day workshop will be held in 
May 1968. 
The Extension Course in Nursing Unit Administration 
is jointly sponsored by the Canadian Nurses' Associa- 
tion and the Canadian Hospital Association. 


Information and application forms may be obtained 
by writing to: 
Director, 
EXTENSION COURSE IN NURSING UNIT ADMINISTRATION 


25 Imperial Street 
Toronto 7, Ontario 


J... 


t 



 
HOSPITAL: 
A newly expanded 257 bed hospital with such progressive 
care concepts as a 12-bed I.C.U., 22-bed psychiatric and 
24-bed self care unit. 
IDEAL LOCATION: 
45 minutes from downfown Toronto, 15-30 minutes from ex- 
cellent summer and winter resort areas. 


SALARIES: 
Registered Nurses: $400.00 - $480.00 per monfh. 
Registered Nursing Assistants: $295.00 - $331.00 per month. 
FURNISHED APARTMENTS: 
Swimming pool, tennis courts, etc. (see above) 
OTHER BENEFITS: 
Medical and hospital insurance, group life insurance, pension 
plan, 40 hour week. 


Please address all enquiries to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL 


596 Davis Drive 
Newmarket, Ontario 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 79 



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('0 IN lort 
thot lasts! 


meet the patient's needs with 


ANUSOL 


Hemorrhoidal Suppositories and Ointment 


SAFE: Anusol contains no 
analgesics or narcotics and will 
not mask the symptoms of serious 
rectal pathology. 


- 


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laboratories Co. limited, Toronto, Canada 
 
Makers of Tedral.Brondecon. Choledyl 


Unique. convenient 


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SHAPE conforms anatomically to surfa- 
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SECURE during all normal activity with- 
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STERILE, and highly absorbent. Made of 
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CONVENIENT and VERSATILE for use 
dry or with topical medication on central 
portion. 
Available from all recognized 
vJ Surgical Dealers or from 
WIN LEY-MORRIS CO. LTD. 
M Surgical products division 
Montreal 26 Ouebec 
67.t 


80 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Index 
to 
advertisers 
May 1967 


Abbott Laboratories Limited 
American Sterilizer Company 
Ames Company of Canada, Ltd. 
Bland Uniforms Limited 
The British Drug Houses (Canada) Ltd 
Canadian Pacific Airlines 
M. J. Chase Co. Inc. 
Charles E. Frosst & Co. 
W. J. Gage Limited 
Hollister Limited 
Frank W. Horner Company 
Lakeside Laboratories (Canada) Ltd. 
Lewis-Howe Company (Turns) 
J. B. Lippincott Company of Canada Limited 
Mead Johnson of Canada Ltd. 
Medical Products 3M Company 
Ortho Pharmaceutical (Canada) Ltd. 
J. T. Posey Company 
Reeves Company 
W. B. Saunders Company 
Scholl Mfg. Co. Ltd. 
Smith & Nephew Limited 
Uniforms Registered 
Warner-Chilcott Labs Co. Ltd. 
White Sister Uniform Inc. 
Winley-Morris Company Ltd. 


Advertising 
Manager 
Ruth H. Baumel, 
The Canadian Nurse 
50 The Driveway, 
Ottawa 4, Ontario 
Advertising Representatives 
Richard P. Wilson, 
219 East Lancaster Avenue, 
Ardmore, Penna. 19003 
Vanco Publications, 
170 The Donway West, 
Suite 408, Don Mills, Onto 
Member of Canadian 
Circulation Audit Board Inc. 


10 
9 
Cover IV 
24 
49 
6 
51 
16 
25 
23 
45 
11 
51 
2 
12 
5 
19 
47 
18 
26 
50 
20 
Cover III 
80 
1, Cover II 
48, 80 


I3E:J 


MAY 196i 



June, 1967 


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OT?AiA NURSIN0 
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The 
Canadian 
Nurse 


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psychiatric care - 
a new approach 


attitudes of nurses 
to nursing 


idea exchange 



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WHATEVER THE SIGN OF TROUBLE FOR ALLERGIC PATIENTS 
BEt..,Cld ryl@ 
(diphenhydramine hydrochloride) 
PARKE-DAVIS 


PROVIDES RELIEF 


Pets or pollen... dust or dander... whatever the allergen, you can rely on BENADRYL to provide symptom- 
atic relief. A potent antihistaminic with antispasmodic and antiemetic properties, it helps control the 
allergic attack whether symptoms are dermal, gastrointestinal, or respiratory. SUPPLIED IN A WIDE 
VARIETY OF CONVENIENT ORAL AND PARENTERAL DOSAGE FORMS INCLUDING: KAPSEALS@ OF 
50 MG.; CAPSULES OF 25 MG.; ELIXIR CONTAINING 10 MG. PER 4 CC.; STERI-VIAL@ CONTAINING 10 
MG. PER CC.; AND 50 MG. PER CC. AMPOULES. DOSAGE: ORAL-ADULTS: 25 to 50 mg. three or four 
times daily. High dosage (300 to 400 mg. daily) may be required for some conditions. CHILDREN: One or 
two teaspoonfuls of Elixir three or four times daily. PARENTERAL-10 to 50 mg. intravenously or deeply 
intramuscularly, not to exceed 400 mg. daily. PRECAUTIONS: Avoid subcutaneous or perivascular injection. 
Single parenteral dosage greater than 100 mg. should be avoided. Persons who have become drowsy on 
this or other antihistamine-containing drugs, or whose tolerance is not known, should not engage in 
activities requiring keen response while using BENADRYL. Hypnotics, sedatives, or tranquilizers, if used 
with BENADRYL,should be prescribed with caution because of possible additive effect. Diphenhydramine 
has an atropine-like action which should be considered when prescribing BENADRYL. SIDE EFFECTS: 
Side reactions, commonly associated with antihistaminic therapy and generally mild, may affect the 
nervous, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems. Most frequent reactions are drowsiness, dizziness, 
dryness of the mouth, nausea, and nervousness. Detailed information available on request. 10711 


I PARKE-DAVIS I 




 


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Your own hands are testimony to Dermassage's effectiveness. Applied by your 
soft, practiced hands, Dermassage alleviates your patient's minor skin irritations 
and discomfort. It adds a welcome, soothing touch to tender, sheet-burned 
skin; relieves dryness, itching and cracking. . . aids in preventing decubitus 
ulcers. In short, Dermassage is "the topical tranquilizer". . . it relaxes the patient 
. . , helps make his hospital stay more pleasant. 
You will like Dermassage for other reasons, too. A body rub with it saves your time 
and energy, Massage is gentle, smooth and fast. You needn't follow-up with 
talcum and there is no greasiness to clean away. It won't stain or soil linens or 
bed-clothes. You can easily make friends with Dermassage-send for a sample! 


Now available in new, 16 ounce plastic container with convenient flip-top closure. 



 


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THE CANADIAN NURSE 1 


IUNE 1967 




 



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professional ... 
from head to toe 


THE 
LINI 


REG U 5 PAT. OFf. a CANADA. MADE IN USA 


SHOE 


CHOOSE FROM 27 WHITE STYlES. SOME AVAILABLE IN COLORS. . . SOME STYlES 3Yz-12 AAAA.E. $16.95 - $21.95 


For a complimentary pair of white shoelaces. folder showing all the smart Clinic styles. and list of stores selling them. write: 


THE CLINIC SHOEMAKERS . Dept. CN-6, 1221 Locust St. 
2 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


. 


St. Louis, Mo. 63103 
JUNE 19. 



The 
Canadian 
Nurse 


A monthly journal for the nurses of Canada published 
in English and French editions by the Canadian Nurses' Association 


Volume 63, Number 6 


25 Editorial ... 
26 From Institution to Community 
27 The Saskatchewan Plan 
29 Weyburn Psychiatric Centre 
31 Community Psychiatric Nursing 


33 Research Nursing in Psychiatry 
35 Nursing Education in Malawi 
38 Public Health Project in Ontario 
40 Idea Exchange 
42 Attitudes of Nurses to Nursing 


June 1%7 


Phyllis E. Jones 
F. Grunberg 
F. S. Lawson 
.. John B. Wright 
C. Albert Atkinson 
and J. Frank VanKampen 
W. Keith Paul 
John R. Monaghan 


C. G. Costello 


The views expressed in the various articles are the views of the authors and do not 
necessarily represent the policies or views of the Canadian Nurses' Association. 


4 Letters 23 In a Capsule 
7 News 45 Research abstracts 
18 Names 46 Books 
20 Dates 48 Films 
22 New Products 49 Accession List 


Cover photo shows members of the graduating class at Royal Victoria Hospital, 
Montreal. - Photo by Graetz Bros. 


Executive Director: Helen K. Mussallem . 
Editor: Vlrglnta A. Llndabury . Assistant 
Editor; Glennls N. ZlIm . Editorial Assistant: 
Carla D. Penn . Circulation Manager: Pter- 
reUe Houe . Advertising Manager: Ruth H. 
Baumel . Subscription Rates: Canada; One 
Year. $4.50; two years. 18.00. Foreign: One 
Year. $5.00; two years, $9.00. Single copies: 
50 cents each. Make cheques or money orders 
payable to The Canadian Nurse. Change of 
Address: Four weeks' notice and the old 
address as well as the new are necessary. Not 
responsible for journats tost in mail due to 
errors in address. 
@ Canadian Nurses' Association. 1967 


I JUNE 1%7 


Manuscript Information: 'The Canadian 
Nurse" welcomes unsolicited articles. All 
manuscripts shoutd be typed, double-spaced. 
on one side of unruted paper teaving wide 
margins. Manuscripts are accepted for review 
for exclusive publication. The editor reserves 
the right to make the usual editorial changes. 
Photographs (gtossy prints) and graphs and 
diagrams (drawn in india ink on white paper) 
are welcomed with such articles. The editor 
is not committed to publish all articles sent, 
nor to indicate defimte dates of publication. 
Authorized as Second-Class Mail bv the Post 
Office Department, Ottawa. and for payment 
of postage in cash. Postpaid at Montrcal. 
Return Postage Guaranteed. 50 The Drivewav 
Ottawa 4. Ontario. . 


Nurses will be among the first to 
support the belief that mentally ill 
persons deserve the same quality of 
care as physicaUy in persons. Nurses 
also are in a position to know that 
the mentally in do not get 
comparative care. Here are some 
facts: 
. Of aU hospitalized persons, 41 
percent are in psychiatric hospitals. 
. Almost one-quarter of aU patients 
in psychiatric hospitals have been 
there for more than 20 years. 
. In 1964, the amount spent on 
each patient each day in a general 
hospital was $28.31; in the mental 
institution, it was $7.10. 
But the nursing profession also 
shares the responsibility for the 
comparatively poor standard of care 
to the mentaUy in. Here are some 
more facts: 
. Only five percent of registered 
nurses employed in hospitals in 
Canada are working in mental 
hospitals. 
. Only 2,655 graduate nurses are 
employed in mental hospitals; 
49,811 nurses are in general 
hospitals. 
. In addition there are 2,746 
registered psychiatric nurses 
employed in mental hospitals. 
. Before psychiatric nursing 
programs began to develop and 
recruit members into the profession, 
mentally in patients were cared for 
almost completely by untrained 
attendants. 
The Canadian Mental Health 
Association is currently preparing 
a brief for submission to the 
federal government concerning the 
care of the mentally ill. This brief 
win likely outline a plan of action 
to develop and stimulate increasingly 
effective psychiatric and mental 
health services throughout Canada. 
Nurses' associations must also be 
prepared to take action concerning 
nursing care of the mentally in. 
If we do not, someone else win. 
What wiII our plan of action be? 
-G.Z. 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 3 



letters 


{ 


Letters to the editor are welcome. 
Only signed letters will be considered for publication 
Name will be withheld at the writer's request. 


RNAO protests editorial 
Dear Editor: 
The Board of Directors of the Registered 
Nurses' Association of Ontario directed me 
to write to you to protest that part of the 
editorial of the April 1967 issue of THE 
CANADIAN NURSE, which referred to On- 
tario's method of implementing the "Iong- 
mooted question of integrating nursing edu- 
cation into the general education system." 
A very brief review of progress in this area 
may help to enlighten those readers who 
gained the wrong impression from the 
editorial. 
I. As far back as 1948, Ontario actively 
supported experimentation in nursing edu- 
cation by making provision for the approval 
of the Metropolitan School of Nursing in 
Windsor, so that the Canadian Nurses' As- 
sociation-Canadian Red Cross sponsored 
demonstration of a two-year nursing cur- 
riculum could take place. 
2. Since 1960, starting with the Night- 
ingale School of Nursing, independent 
schools of nursing have been established. 
3. The Quo Vadis School of Nursing was 
established on the pattern indicated above, 
to meet the needs of the mature recruit in- 
to nursing. 
4. The RNAO has advocated in the re- 
cent past, both in the Briefs presented to the 
Royal Commission in Health Services and 
to the Ontario Committee on the Healing 
Arts, that nursing education be integrated 
into the general educational system. 
5. The stated belief of the RNAO that 
nursing education should be integrated into 
the general educational system was imple- 
mented in 1964, when a school of nursing 
was established at The Ryerson Polytechni- 
cal Institute in Toronto. This school gra- 
duates its first class this May - the only 
diploma graduates from a program in a 
post-secondary educational institution in 
Canada. 
6. Briefs have already been submitted to 
the departments concerned regarding the 
inclusion of schools of nursing in the plan- 
ning for Colleges of Applied Arts and 
Technology. 
It is interesting to note: 
1. that Ontario could and did experiment 
so widely in the field of nursing education: 
2. that this experimentation was carried 
out at the wish of a voluntary membership; 
3. that this work was shared freely with 
colleagues across Canada; and 
4. either because of, or in spite of this 
fact that Ontario is in a position of accept- 
ing (1) something that "is less than second 


4 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


best." - (Miss) Elsbeth Geiger, President, 
Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario. 


Ontario's challenge 
Dear Editor: 
Congratulations to the journal and to 
Dr. Helen Mussallem for giving us the facts 
on nursing education in Canada (April edi- 
torial). As an Ontario nurse, I was more 
than a little dismayed to realize that On- 
tario is -the one province that is not only 
failing to move forward, but which is ac- 
tually moving backwards. 
Ontario has many events in her nursing 
history of which she can be justly proud. 
This is the province that pioneered the inte- 
grated program of basic nursing education 
in the university setting; that was chosen 
for the demonstration (at Windsor) that 
nurses could be prepared effectively in a 
two-year diploma program; that fought for 
and achieved legislation giving the nursing 
profession control of its own education and 
licensing procedures; that established the 
first really independent school of nursing 
outside a university in Canada (the Night- 
ingale School of Nursing); and that imple- 
mented a diploma program in nursing with- 
in the framework of general education (at 
The Ryerson Polythenical Institute). 
Can this be the same province that has 
allowed the establishment of a new system 
of nursing education that, by definition, was 
obsolete before it was implemented, that 
has been demonstrated to be "less than 
second best," and that is incompatible with 
the stated beliefs of the nursing profession 
in Canada and the recommendations of the 
Royal Commission on Health Services that 
nursing education ought to be part of the 
general education system? 
Ontario's rCiional schools of nursing pur- 
port to offer a two-year educational pro- 
gram followed by a one-year "internship." 
The latter, which has been proven unneces- 
sary, will be at best a quasi-apprenticeship. 
(A true apprenticeship system requires the 
presence of master craftsmen to teach and 
guide the apprentices; such master crafts- 
men in nursing are conspicuous by their 
absence in many nursing service situations 
where the students from regional schools 
will spend their periods of internships). At 
worst, the "internship" will be a source of 
cheap labor for hospitals. 
This nursing education issue in Ontario 
was compounded recently when the Board 
of Directors of the RNAO endorsed a rec- 
ommendation for the establishment of di- 
ploma programs in nursing in the new 


Colleges of Applied Arts and Technology. 
Does this mean that the nurses of Ontario 
want single-purpose regional schools of nurs- 
ing under the general jurisdiction of the 
provincial department of health as well as 
nursing courses within the general education 
system? Do the 50,000 nurses in Ontario 
know what they want or indeed, do they 
even care? Certainly their silence on this 
issue is ominous. 
The handwriting is on the wall. Unless 
the nurses of Ontario state their beliefs and 
act upon them immediately, their hard-won 
autonomy will be lost and nursing educa- 
tion in the province will be set back S(J 
years. 
The rest of Canada has shown Ontario 
the way. Our future depends on how 
 
meet their challenge. - M. Josephine Fla- 
herty, Toronto, Ontario. 


Ideas for journal 
Dear Editor: 
Since leaving active nursing, I have found 
THE CANADIAN NURSE a wonderful source 
of up-to-date information. The "Letters" sec- 
tion gives nurses from all parts of Canada 
an opportunity to express ideas or to pro- 
vide information for others. I believe this is 
so essential when programs allover the 
country are changing. 
Would it be possible to have a page in the 
journal each month where a current nursing 
issue is printed (eg., shortage of nurses). The 
following month, nurses from all regions 
could send in their personal views. This 
would be another way Canadian nurse
 
might realize that each of us are faced with 
very similar problems in the profession. - 
Valerie Northgrave, Ottawa, Onto 


Missing journals 
Dear Editor: 
I would like to hear from any reader. 
who can help us locate the following jour. 
nals so that we can complete our volume! 
for binding: Nursing Outlook, (Feb., May 
1965; May, Aug., 1964; Feb., 1963; Apr. 
1961; Jan., Apr., Aug., 1960). - (Mrs.: 
Margaret Austin, Librarian, School of Nurs. 
ing, St. Joseph's Hospital, Guelph, Ontario 


Dear Editor: 
We are trying to complete our collectior 
of Nursing Outlook journals and would ap 
preciate hearing from readers who migh 
have the following issues: February, May 
July, 1960 and April, 1961. - (Miss) Mabe 
C. Brown, Librarian, Ottawa Civic Hospita 
School of Nursing, Ottawa 3, Ontario. 
JUNE 1967 




 
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 5 



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6 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


JUNE 1967 



news 


CNA-CMA-CHA To Sponsor 
Major Conference in Fall 
Toronto. - Plans for the First Canadian 
Conference on Hospital-Medical Staff Rela- 
tions, to take place in Ottawa this fall, 
were announced following a meeting of a 
CNA-CMA-CHA Steering Committee in 
mid-April. 
The ten-member steering committee had 
been formed following discussions of the 
Liaison Committee of the medical, nursing 
and hospital associations, a permanent group 
that meets to discuss interdisciplinary mat- 
ters. Boards of Directors of the three or- 
ganizations had ratified the proposal for a 
steering committee to investigate the pro- 
posed conference. 
Main theme of the conference would 
concern the improvement of communications 
between the chief of medical staff, the 
hospital administrator, and the director of 
nursing. Sub-topics of the conference also 
suggested for the program concerned prob- 
lems of medical staff organization, main- 
tenance of high quality of patient care, and 
relationships between hospitals :md govern- 
ment. 
Hospitals sending delegates to the con- 
ference would be asked to ensure that the 
chief of medical staff, hospital director, 
and nursing director would all attend. It 
was suggested that if all three represent- 
atives could not attend, then the hospital 
would be ineligible to send delegates. The 
executive secretary of each of the three 
associations in the 10 provinces will also 
be invited. 
Dates for the proposed three-day con- 
ference will be established definitely at 
the next planning meeting, but will likely 
coincide with Grey Cup celebrations. 
Dr. Helen K. Mussallem, executive dir- 
ector, CNA, and Miss Margaret D. McLean. 
nursing consultant, Department of National 
Health and Welfare, will represent CNA 
on the planning committee for the confer- 
ence. 


RNAO Reports Progress 
In Collective Bargaining 
Toronto. - In a closed session at the 
Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario 
annual meeting in April, members heard 
representatives from 9 hospitals and 17 
public health units report on their collective 
bargaining activities. 
Of the hospital nurses' associations, three 
are now certified, and two of these have 
signed contracts with their employers; the 
remaining six associations plan either to 
negotiate on a voluntary basis or apply for 


JUNE 1967 


Nursing Sister Attends Vi my Celebrations 


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Captain (Nursing Sister) Z. M. Sharp, of the National Defence Medical 
Centre in Ottawa, attended the memorial services of the Battle of Vimy 
Ridge in Vimy, France on April 9, 1967. She was one of three medical per- 
sonnel selected to accompany 72 Canadian veterans who participated in the 
memorial service. The veterans, ranging in age from 67 to 85 years, were 
representatives from the Canadian Battalions that had fought in the World 
War I Battle. The trip was sponsored by the Canadian government; the re- 
presentatives were chosen by the Canadian Legion. "They were a wonderful 
group," Captain Sharp said, "and even the sick ones were well. The trip was 
very tiring, of course, and the celebrations were exciting, but everyone 
thoroughly enjoyed himself. We even took a night club tour in Paris." Shown 
in the photograph are (from left to right); Mr. W. S. Frail, Centreville, Kings 
County, Nova Scotia: Mr. J. Forman, D.C.M. and Bar, M.M., M.I.D., Lind- 
say, Ontario; and Captain Sharp, Pembrook, Ontario. 


certification. (A written agreement, on a 
voluntary basis, is equivalent to certification; 
however, nurses' associations may decide to 
become certified even though they have a 
written agreement, since formal certification 
provides more security and guards again
t 
possible policy changes with a new, incom- 
ing hospital or public health board.) 
Six public health units in Ontario are 
certified; five are negotiating on a voluntary 
basis; and six either are awaiting certifi- 
cation or are in the initial stages of organ- 
ization. 
Four health units have been grey-listed 
by RNAO in the past year. In Ontario and 
Peel Counties, grey-listing was lifted when 
satisfactory contracts were obtained by the 
nurses. Halton and the United Counties 
of Stormont Dundas and Glengarry remain 
grey-listed until their situation is similarly 
settled. According to RNAO officials, not 
one registered nurse has accepted a posi- 
tion in any health unit grey-listed by 


RNAO, although in all four cases efforts 
were made by the employer to fill staff va- 
cancies. 
Under the Ontario Labour Relations Act, 
nurses wishing to bargain collectively. must 
form local nurses' associations in individual 
employing agencies. To date, no action has 
been taken in the legislature to pass the 
Nurses' Collective Bargaining Act, 1965 
(presented to the government by RNAO in 
February, 1965) or to amend the present 
Labour Relations Act, making it more suit- 
able for a profession. 


VON General Meeting 
Held in Ottawa 
Ottawa. - "A job well done" is how 
Mr. G. B. Rosenfeld, senior consultant in 
hospital admini
tration and insurance with 
the Department of National Health and 
Welfare, described the work of the Victorian 
Order of Nurses for Canada over the past 
70 years. Speaking at the 69th annual meet- 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 7 



news 


ing of the board of governors and gen- 
eral meeting of members, held May 4 and 
5, 1967 at the Chateau Laurier Hotel in 
Ottawa, Mr. Rosenfeld said that he was im- 
pressed by "the analysis and introspection 
that the VON has undergone in its self 
evaluation." 
"Agencies in the health field are in the 
spotlight and have many advantages" he 
continued. "Industries and commercial or- 
ganizations would pay millions to create a 
demand for their products. Health agencies 
have this demand . . . and the health of 
residents of Canada is our goal." 
President of the Canadian Nurses' Asso- 
ciation, Reverend Sister Mary Felicitas, 
congratulated the VON on its accomplish- 
ments during the past year. "Over 100 
branches with 700 nurses made 1,300,000 
visits to patients in their homes," sbe said. 


Fetal Heart Monitors 
In Use in Montreal 
Montreal. - Obstetrical patients at the 
Jewish General Hospital will benefit from 
the first fetal heart monitoring system to be 
installed in a Montreal hospital. The ad- 
vantage of the system - instituted at the 
hospital at the end of April - is that it 
evaluates the viability of the fetus and 
discerns fetal distress on a continuous basis. 
"It is rare to lose a baby during labor," 
said Dr. Morrie M. Gelfand, Chief of the 
hospital's Department of Gyneçology and 
Ohstetrics. "But with this system, we hope 


to make the possibility rarer still." 
The fetal heart sound monitoring system 
consists of twelve microphones, a rubber 
strap. a complicated wiring system, an am- 
plifier, selector switch, oscilloscope, and a 
cardiotachometer equipped with an alarm. 
The obstetrician takes the first step in using 
the system by locating the spot on the 
mother's abdomen where the fetal heart 
beats are strongest. The microphone is then 
affixed to the spot with a rubber strap. 
Long, walled-in wires connect the micro- 
phone to the amplifier situated in the nur- 
ses' station where, by turning the selector 
switch, attending nurses can "tune in" to 
the heart beats in anyone of 12 labor 
rooms, hear them over the amplifier and 
"see" them on the oscilloscope. When irre- 
gularities occur, the nurses hear them and 
see them at once. 
Finally, the upper and lower limits of 
normal fetal heart beats are set on the 
cardiotachometer. When these limits are 
transgressed, the cardiotachometer sets off 
an alarm so that the medical staff is auto- 
matically alerted and therapy time maxi- 
mized. 


"Community Health in Canada" 
Theme for CPHA Meeting 
Ottawa. - An appraisal of community 
health in Canada after a century of 
scientific and technological advances and a 
projeçtion of community health care needs 
in the next century formed the theme of 
the 58th Annual meeting of the Canadian 
Public Health Association. The meeting, 
held jointly with the Ontario Public Health 
Association, was held in Ottawa at the 
Chateau Laurier on April 25-27. 


- , 


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, 

 
 


":. 


Dr. M.G. Candau, director-general of the 
World Health Organization, brought greet- 
ings from his organization, and addressed 
the delegates at a luncheon assembly. He 
praised Canada's contributions to WHO 
and especially praised the contributions 01 
nurses. "Canadian nurses have carried their 
skills and their gifts of organization, man- 
agement and teaching to all quarters of the 
globe," he said. He particularly stressed the 
need for health personnel in the developing 
countries. 
In the afternoons, the group divided into 
sections according to interest of the dele- 
gates. 
The newly released Statement of Func- 
tions and Qualifications for the Practice oj 
Public Health Nursing in Canada was the 
subject of the panel presentation to the 
Public Health Nursing Section on the first 
afternoon. 
The results of a study on activities of 
nursing personnel in six health units were 
presented to the nursing section at the 
second afternoon session. Miss Verna M. 
Huffman, public health nursing consultant 
in the Department of National Health and 
Welfare, reviewed the findings. She noted 
that the one-third of nursing time was 
spent in nursing service, one-third of all 
nursing time was spent in the health unit 
office, and 40 to 50 percent of all nursing 
time was spent on activities that involved 
no patient contact. 
In commenting on the study, Miss Huff- 
man indicated that, as suggested in the 
CPHA Statement of Functions and Quali- 
fications, certain activities now performed 
by public health nurses could be assigned 
(Continued on page Il) 


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Dr. Morrie M. Gelfand, Chief, Department of Obstetrics 
and Gynecology, Montreal's Jewish General Hospital, and 
a patient show how the fetal heart sound monitoring sys- 
tem's microphone picks up the fetal heart beats and re- 
lays them to an amplifier in the central nursing stat
on 
where it is "seen" and heard as often as the staff desire. 
8 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Tuning in to anyone of twelve labor rooms, a nurse can 
hear the heart beats on the amplifier (bottom left) and 
"see" them on the oscilloscope (top right). Upper and 
lower limits of babies' normal heart beats are set on the 
cardiotachometer (bottom right). If these limits are ex- 
ceeded, a sound alarm goes off to warn medical staff. 
JUNE 1967 



For one hundred years cotton gauze 
has been the basic material in most 
hospital dressings 


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education classes knowledge of menstru- 
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 small percentage probably 
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IUNE 1967 



 


or not they specifically ask for it. Thus, 
girls in health and physical education 
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doctors-all should be provided with in- 
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are a part of growing up. 
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Please send free a set of Dickinson charts, copies of the two booklets, 
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 9 



Do you feel adequately prepared to care for the patient with a kidney transplant? 
Are you familiar with the newest techniques in care of the severely burned patient? 
Are you certain of all the factors for properly preparing a patient for a corneal transplant? 
Do you know what causes regression and how to control it? 
Do you know how to alleviate your patient's sleep problems? 


Because accuracy is a watchword of your profession, you need an authoritative 
reference book that can offer you the latest developments in every area of clinical 
nursing. Here is the book that meets that need . . . a first in nursing literature . . . 
an outstanding new book that shares with you the insight and experience of 28 
distinguished contributors as they discuss timely topics iJTIportant to you. 


A New Book! 


CURRENT CONCEPTS IN CLINICAL NURSING 


This practical, timesaving new book is divided into the 4 clinical categories of 
nursing: medical-surgical, psychiatric, pediatric, and maternity. An important 
chapter on the patient with a corneal transplant outlines the necessary procedures 
as well as the goals of postoperative care. Because of the increasing frequency 
of organ transplants, a separate chapter explains this topic using the kidney as a 
prime example. It clearly describes your role in postoperative management includ- 
ing infection. 
It provides you with practical, clinical guidance on such recurring problems as: 
how to care for the patient with long-anticipated surgical experience; care of the 
child with congenital defects or other long-term health problems; how to meet the 
needs of the unwed mother, and care of maternity patients in the low socio-eco- 
nomic groups. An excellent bibliography of current references offers you the op- 
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10 THE CANADIAN NURSE JUNE 1967 



news 


(Coll1inued from page 9) 
to non-nurse auxiliary staff, and the nurse 
freed for nursing services. The use of tape 
recorders, dictaphones and other mechan- 
ical aids were also advocated as "nurse- 
savers." 
Copies of some of the addresses given 
at the meeting will be available for loan 
from the CNA Library. Please watch the 
Accession Lists for notice of receipt of the 
conference proceedings. 


One School of Nursing 
One Local Hospital 
Recommended for PEl 
Charlottetown. - One centralized school 
of nursing to serve the entire province and 
a merger of the two local hospitals in one 
location, under one ownership and adminis- 
tration were among the recommendations 
of the Agnew Report on Hospital and 
Medical Facilities in Prince Edward Island, 
tabled in the provincial legislature last 
month. 
The centralized school would do away 
with the existing schools at the Charlotte- 
town and Prince Edward Island hospitals 
in Charlottetown and the Prince County 
hospital in Summerside. 
The report suggest that the centralized 
program could probably be located in Char- 
lottetown and says that facilities would 
need to be provided to accomodate ap- 
proximately 100 students at a time or even 
more. 
"A use of all the local facilities in Char- 
lottetown would make an impressive total 
used jointly," the report stated. It reviewed 
the facilities for nursing education now 
available in the three hospitals and sug- 
gested that a centralized school make use 
of all local facilities in Charlottetown, in- 
cluding the Sanatorium, which the report 
indicated could be made available in the 
near future. It recommended that science 
education be obtained from one of the 
province's two universities, St. Dunstan's or 
Prince of Wales. 
In recommending the merger of the local 
hospitals, the report suggested that the site 
of the present P.E.I. hospital be considered 
as the home for the new combined facility. 
Additional buildings, it goes on to say, 
should be constructed on adjacent prop- 
erty. The report indicates that there is some 
urgency in deciding on the merger because 
of existing problems. 
If the merger of the two Charlottetown 
hospitals becomes fact, the report recom- 
mends that the Charlottetown Hospital be 
considered for use as a chronic care hos- 
pital for concentrated care of those with 
chronic or terminal diseases that are too 
complicated for care in the new homes for 
the aged established in the province. 


JUNE 1967 



 


. 


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..... 
-- 


.. 


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M,iss Frances Howard and Mr. G.A. Hillier, (standing) conference leaders, 
discuss aspects of problem-solving techniques with group members (seated left 
to right) Mrs. Christine O'Neill, Miss Corrie Lebucette, and Miss Margaret 
Beswetherick, at the Halifax Nursing Service Workshop. 


Integrated Educational Programs 
Favored by RNAO 
Toronto. - Delegates attending the April 
annual meeting of the Registered Nurses' 
Association of Ontario approved a resolu- 
tion that endorses the integration of dip- 
loma schools of nursing in the province's 
Colleges of Applied Arts and Technology. 
The resolution stated that the system of 
separate, single-purpose institutions under 
the general jurisdiction of the provincial 
department of health - as exemplified by 
regional schools of nursing in Ontario - 
is incompatible with the stated beliefs of 
the profession. The resolution urged the 
RNAO to discourage the establishment of 
new regional schools, encourage the inte- 
gration of present regional schools with 
the Colleges, and support the establishment 
of new diploma programs in nursing in 
the Colleges. 
In approving the resolution, delegates 
were in accord with the opinions expressed 
earlier by luncheon speaker Dr. D. Mc- 
Cormack Smyth, Dean of the Joseph E. 
Atkinson College. York University, Toronto. 
Dr. Smyth said that the "fortress approach 
to education," where disciplines remain iso- 
lated from each other, is not in the best 
interests of education. "I don't favor unif- 
ication of education," he said, "but I do 
favor integration." 
Speaking in favor of the resolution dur- 
ing the discussion period, Dr. Helen Mc- 
Arthur, past president of the Council of the 
College of Nurses of Ontario, told RNAO 
members that they should not feel they 
were being disloyal to present or past pat- 
terns of education by approving changes 
for the future. 
As a result of another resolution ap- 
proved by delegates, RNAO will urge the 
College of Nurses of Ontario to invest- 
igate the feasibility of having the Nurses' 
Act amended to include a maturity clause 


in the regulations for admission of stu- 
dents to schools of nursing. 


First Nursing Service 
Workshop A Success 
Halifax. - Fifty-eight nurses from the 
four Atlantic provinces attended a Work- 
shop for Directors and Assis
ant Directors 
of Nursing Service in Hospitals in Halifax 
April 11-14 to reinforce skills in problem 
solving. The Workshop was sponsored by 
the Canadian Nurses' As
ociation; the Re- 
gistered Nurses' Association of Nova Scotia 
participated in the planning. This was the 
first of six regional nursing service work- 
shops to be held in 1967. 
Problems raised by the audience - such 
as discipline, difficulties in rotation of staff, 
poor attendance at staff meetings - were 
used in group discussion. Mr. G.A. Hillier, 
industrial relations officer, Nova Scotia 
Light and Power Corporation, was group 
leader for the workshop. He used case 
studies to illustrate steps in problem solv- 
ing and to provide the group with opport- 
unities to break the problem down into 
basic areas for intensive problem analysis 
and decision making. 
His objective was to permit represent- 
atives to identify and think about manage- 
ment and administrative activities that oc- 
cupy the time of directors and assistant 
directors in the nursing service situation. 
"The group work was most effective and 
the growth of skill, knowledge, and under- 
standing of problem solving techniques was 
apparent during the four days," said Miss 
F-rances Howard, CNA consultant in nurs- 
ing service, workshop director. 
Nurse speakers at the Workshop, Miss 
Howard, Mrs. A. Isobel MacLeod, director 
of nursing, The Montreal General Hospital, 
and Miss Joan Gilchrist, assistant professor, 
School for Graduate Nurses, McGill, all 
developed the same general theme. "Nurs- 


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12 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


news 


ing service must develop a pattern by which 
nurses can practice individual patient care:' 
said Miss Howard. "Directors of nursing 
service face the greatest challenge yet - 
the creation of an environment that allows 
nurses freedom to practice nursing in its 
true meaning." 


Bilingual Health Education 
In New Brunswick 
Ottawa. - Production, editing, and dis- 
tribution of publications on public health 
in New Brunswick has been assigned to a 
bilingual public health educator. Translation 
services recently established by the provin- 
cial government will also make things easier 
for the health education service. 
Mr. A.A. Maillet, director of public 
health education, New Brunswick Depart- 
ment of Health and member of the provin- 
cial Subcommittee on Physical Education, 
told delegates attending the 58th annual 
convention of the Canadian Association of 
Public Health and the Ontario Association 
of Public Health, which took place in Ot- 
tawa from April 25th to April 27th, of the 
bilingual program. He further explained 
how the sanitary program was put into 
action by his department and what mea- 
sures had been taken to provide satisfactory 
health education services. 
The education service provides public 
health nurses with the necessary materials 
to inform and advise the lay public. 
The population of New Brunswick is 60 
percent English speaking and 40 percent 
French speaking. The province is divided 
into five districts. two of which are English 
speaking, two, French speaking and one. 
bilingual. 


UBC To Offer 
Master's Program 
Vancou
'er. The Sen3te of the 
University of British Columbia has approv- 
ed a program leading to the degree of 
Master of Science in Nursing (M.S.N.). 
Designed to prepare selected persons for 
leadership roles in nursing, this new pro- 
gram will provide opportunity to study the 
nature and effect of nursing practice in a 
selected clinical area, and to explore the 
theoretical foundations of a selected func- 
tional role such as teaching or administra- 
tion. 
For full-time students, the program will 
extend over a period of two academic years. 
Part-time students must spend at least one 
year in full-time attendence. and should 
complete all requirements within five yean 
of the initial registration. 
Contingent upon the availability of requir- 
ed faculty, it is anticipated that this program 
will get underway in the fall of 1968. In 
the meantime. however. interested indivi- 


duals might submit their educational docu- 
ments and other required materials for as- 
sessment and, if indicated, proceed with 
some courses such as those that may be 
required to make up deficiencies for admis- 
sion, or appropriate elective courses offered 
by other departments of the university. 
Requests for further information should 
be directed to the School of Nursing, Uni- 
versity of British Columbia, Vancouver 8. 
B.C. 
Keep Bargaining Units as Large 
As Possible, U.s. Nurse Says 
Torolllo. - The stability of a nurses 
collective bargaining unit comes from head 
nurses and supervisors, a U.S. nurse told 
members of the Registered Nurses of Onta- 
rio at their annual meeting in April. 
Alice Y. Conlon, associate executive di- 
rector of the Massachusetts Nurses' Asso- 
ciation. said that nurses should fight to keep 
bargaining units as large as possible. "Why 
should head nurses and supervisors be ex- 
cluded from bargaining units?" she asked. 
"They do not hire, fire, or set personnel pol- 
icies. They add stability to a collective 
bargaining unit," she added, "since they 
change jobs less frequently than general 
duty nurses." 
In Ontario, to date, only two hospital 
nurses' associations have been able to in- 
clude head nurses in their bargaining unit. 


Refresher Courses in Quebec 
Montreal. During April, District 
11 of the Association of Nurses of the 
Province of Quebec (English section) organ- 
ized refresher courses to aid the return to 
duty of non-practicing nurses. The courses 
took place at the Jeffrey Hale Hospital in 
Quebec City. Forty-three nurses attended. 
Modern techniques of basic patient care, 
use of modern equipment, methods to im- 
prove nurse-patient relationships, and mod- 
ern rehabilitation techniques were the sub- 
jects discussed. Before returning to practice, 
nurse candidates will be required to parti- 
cipate in some practical work. 
Guest speakers included: Misses Elizabeth 
Logan, Helen McCallum and Lorine Besel. 
Sister Mary Felicitas, and Drs. R.F. Mac- 
Rae, P. Kozak, and D.W. Macmillan. 
Nurses specializing in any of the fields 
and interested in the new techniques were 
also invited to take part in this workshop. 


B.C. Psychiatric Nurses 
Seek Salary Raises 
New Westminster, B.C. - More than 
1,000 psychiatric nurses .md some 150 
registered nurses employed in the Provincial 
Mental Health Services of British Columbia 
are presently engaged in salary negotiations 
with the govel nment of the province of 
British Columbia. The economic security 
campaign was initiated in October, 1966 
and is still proceeding after a mass resigna- 
tion of over 900 psychiatric nurses was 


JUNE 1967 



news 


averted early in April. 
The psychiatric nurse group had originally 
asked for salary increases of 25 percent. 
The B.C. Civil Service Commission's rec- 
ommendations, given early in March, offer- 
ed a 7.7 to 8.3 percent raise. In a secret 
ballot mail vote the 1000 psychiatric nurses 
rejected the Commission's recommenda- 
tions by a 93 percent majority. 
At that time the RPNs requested binding 
arbitration. 
On April 7, 1967 the B.C. government 
announced the establishment of a Fact 
Finding Panel. This panel would be com- 
posed of one representative named by the 
psychiatric nurses' group, one by the Com- 
mission, and an impartial chairman. Rec- 
ommendations will not be binding. 
According to a recent press release from 
the Psychiatric Nurses' Association, the exe- 
cutive have agreed "reluctantly." "The exe- 
cutive were reluctant to make their recom- 
mendation because past studies and boards 
that had recommended in favor of the em- 
ployee group had been ignored," the re- 
lease added. 
An advisor from the Teamsters' Union 
has been named as the psychiatric nurses' 
representative to the Panel. 


Five Alberta Hospitals Reach 
Salary Agreement 
Edmonton. - Negotiations that com- 
menced last November between Staff Nurse 
Associations and Hospital Boards of five 
Alberta hospitals have resulted in salary 
agreements. The Calgary General Hospital 
and four major Edmonton Hospitals have 
signed contracts covering a two-year period. 
The basic starting salary for general duty 
staff nurses in 1967 is $380 a month with 
the salary increasing to $395 and $410 after 
the first and second increments. The basic 
starting salary in 1968 will be $405 with the 
first increment raising it to $425 a month. 
The starting salaries for head nurses in 
1967 and 1968 are $440 and $465 a month 
respectively. 
These salaries have been agreed to in 
settlements between the Calgary General. 
the Royal Alexandra, Misericordia, Edmon- 
ton General and the University of Alberta 
hospitals. However, the Alberta Association 
of Registered Nurses has not recommended 
the new scale for adoption by all staff 
nurses' associations in the province. 
The recommendations are in line with the 
salary goal set recently by the Canadian 
Nurses' Association 


RPNs Receive RN Diploma 
In New SRNA Program 
Regina. - Three registered psychiatric 
nurses qualified for admission to the Sas- 
katchewan Registered Nurses' Association 


JUNE 1967 


this spring under a new complementary 
program. The new program pennits RPNs 
to receive their RN diploma in less time 
than was formerly required. 
David Hunter, William Ayotte, and Mrs. 
Beverley MacBeth are the first to complete 
the new shortened course. Nine other psy- 
chiatric nurses are currently registered in 
the complementary program. 
The SRNA developed the course follow- 
ing a study of provincial psychiatric pro- 
grams in 1964. The first students entered 
the program in 1965. 
The curriculum is planned so that stu- 
dents will meet all requirements for eligibil- 
ity to write the provincial RN examinations. 
Students must also meet the admission re- 
quirements of the school. Hours of instruc- 
tion and clinical experience are based on 
the differences in RN minimum program 
and the RPN program. The minimum 
length for the course is 12 months, and the 
maximum length, 15 months. 


RNAO Express Concern 
About Recruitment 
Toronto. Recruitment, both into 
the profession and into the Association, is 
of major concern to members of the Re- 
gistered Nurses' Association of Ontario, ac- 
cording to outgoing RNAO president Els- 
beth Geiger. 
In her keynote address at the RNAO an- 
nual meeting in April, Miss Geiger remind- 
ed delegates that the numbers entering nurs- 
ing have remained fairly constant, but in 
relation to population growth. the percent- 
age of high school graduates entering nurs- 
ing has been declining. "What responsibility 
has the individual nurse assumed to in- 
crease recruitment into nursing?" she asked. 
"What pressures have been exerted by 
nurses as a group to influence this recruit- 
ment?" 


Speaking of Association membership, Miss 
Geiger said that the problem of recruiting 
members gradually has increased since re- 
gistration responsibility was vested in the 
College of Nurses of Ontario and RNAO 
became a separate and entirely voluntary 
professional association. "There are two 
ways of attacking this problem of num- 
bers," said Miss Geiger. "The one that has 
been followed is to engage in active mem- 
bership recruitment programs, and this has 
met with little success. The second . .. is to 
offer a program that attracts the interest 
and participation of nurses because it is 
available to members only," she said. 
Delegates' concern about RNAO mem- 
bership was expressed in the passing of a 
resolution that directs the Association's 
Board to aproach the government to enact 
legislation making membership in RNAO 
compulsory for currently-employed register- 
ed nurses. 
Present RNAO membership is apprGxi- 
mately 13.000. 


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THE CANADIAN NURSE 13 



news 


Public Health Organizations 
Could Coordinate Health Services 
Ottawa - If modern health services 
are to be coordinated, then it is natural to 
look to the public health departments to 
undertake this role, according to Milton H. 
Brown, associate director of the department 
of public health. School of Hygiene, Uni- 
versity of Toronto. Speaking to the annual 
meeting of the Canadian Public Health As- 
sociation, held in Ottawa April 25-27, Dr. 
Brown said that the three major areas pro- 
viding health service are the hospital, the 
physicians. and the public health services. 
"Coordination to prevent overlappmg and 
fragmentation and to promote a more effi- 
cient use of skilled personnel is an urgent 
need," he said. "Public health with its ad- 
ministrative background in coordinating 
community health activities would seem to 
be a position tG give leadership in this 
task," he added. 
Dr. Brown also spoke of closer relations 
between the physician and public health 
nurse in the community. 
Later, interviewed with Miss Phyllis Jones. 
assistant professor, University of Toronto 
School of Nursing, Dr. Brown and Miss 
Jones, agreed that the team concept now 
used in preparation of health personnel is 
leading to closer relationships. They agreed 
that current factors that work against co- 


operation between the health nurse and the 
family physician include: physician unaware 
of the community services offered and too 
busy to adequately investigate; schools for 
health personnel in the past have not pro- 
vided enough knowledge of the duties of 
other health team members; and current 
organizational practicEs are not conductive 
to close cooperation. 


SPIC Modernizes Structure 
Quebec. - Representatives of the Syndicat 
des infinnières catholiques (SPIC) (Syndicate 
of Catholic Nurses of Quebec) have agreed, 
in principle, to modernize the structure of 
their bargaining unit to bring all the small 
groups throughout the province into a single 
unit. The agreement, which resulted from 
discussions April 27 and 28 at Maison 
Montmorency near Quebec City, will be 
submitted to members for approval at their 
next general meeting. 
The new structure calIs for a provinsial 
executive committee made up of members 
elected by delegates at the general meeting 
Furthennore, a provincial committee of 
regional representatives will be establi
hed. 
Members of the executive committee will be 
members ex-officio of the provincial com- 
mittee. Thus, democratic principles will be 
preserved and district representation will be 
assured. 
These new structures are very much like 
those of the Corporation of Catholic Teach- 
ers and the Canadian Nurses' Association. 
Miss Gertrude Hotte, President, told 94 


"Hello Nurses" at Expo 67 
-:.'''- ,. 
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Graduate and students nurses serving in the "Man and His Health The,.me 
Pavilion" during Expo 67 had a special opportunity to meet Carol Ch
nnlng, 
star of the Broadway musical hit "Hello Dolly" after perform.ances given. at 
the World Festival during Expo. Here Miss Channing poses In the dressing 
room with Stella Driscoll, R.N., Charlottetown, P.E.I., .Ann Spea
man, S.N., 
Hamilton, Ontario, Ginette Rheault, S.N.! Montreal, Rita J. Lussle.r,. B.Sc.N. 
(Senior coordinator for the C.N.A. ProJect), Mo,!treal, a.nd Patrl
LQ Innes, 
SN., Regina. Miss Driscoll is wearing the specwlly-desll!ned umform for 
graduate nurses at the C.N.A. Nurses' station. Nurses serv
ng at the C.N.A. 
booth are guests of White Sister Uniforms Inc. at world festival performances. 


14 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


attending nurses that the meeting had been 
caIled to settle certain difficulties in enforce- 
ment of coIlective bargaining and to inform 
members of reorganization principles. 


Nursing Scholarship 
To Honor Dorothy Percy 
Toronto - A new nursing scholarship 
will be awarded annuaIly at the University 
of Toronto in honor of Miss Dorothy M. 
Percy. The award. expected to be about 
$250 annuaIlY' will be presented for the 
first time this September, Miss G. Vivian 
Adair, chairman of the fund-raising com- 
mittee, told THE CANADIAN NURSE in an in- 
terview. 
The scholarship fund was established by 
friends and coIleagues of Miss Percy who 
wished to make some tangible acknowledge- 
ment of her many contributions to nursing. 
Miss Percy, who served for 20 years as 
chief nursing consultant, Department of Na- 
tional Health and Welfare, retired in Jan- 
uary of this year. Other highlights of her 
distinguished nursing career are: assistant 
superintendent of the Victorian Order of 
Nurses for Canada; lecturer, University of 
Toronto School of Nursing; service in Ca- 
nadian Anny Medical Corps for which she 
received several decorations and was dis- 
charged with the rank of Captain (Matron); 
secretary of the Division of Health, Welfare 
Council of Greater Toronto; supervisor of 
counseIlors, Civil Service Health Division. 
The scholarship will be awarded to an 
experienced registered nurse with demon- 
strated leadership potential for study at 
either the bachelor's or master's level at the 
University of Toronto. Funher infonnation 
for candidates may be obtained by writing 
to the School of Nursing. 
Contributions to the Dorothy M. Percy 
Scholarship Fund can be sent to Mr. L.R. 
Purvis, Director of Student Funds, Simcoe 
HaIl, University of Toronto. Receipts for 
income tax purposes will be given for do- 
nations over $2.00. 


Two Good Uses 
Montreal - Surgical equipment donated 
to the first aid stations at Expo 67 will be 
sent to hospitals in Africa at the conclusion 
of the six-month world exhibition. 
The equipment was supplied by the Sal- 
vation Anny, and will go to the Army's 
African hospitals. 


Automation Will be 
"A Fact of Life" 
Toronto - Introducing her talk "The 
Maintenance of Quality of Nursing Service 
with Automation" at the annual meeting of 
the Registered Nurses' Association of On- 
tario in April, Margaret D. McLean sug- 
gested that the title of her address was a 
misnomer. 
"I am not interested in the maintenance 
of the status quo," said Miss McLean, a 
nursing consultant with the Department of 
National Health and Welfare, "nor am I in- 
,UNE 1967 



news 


terested in maintaining the quality of some 
of the nursing service and nursing care that 
I see in this country. However, I am inter- 
ested in improving the nursing care pa- 
tients receive. and in optimizing the utiliza- 
tion of nursing personnel," she added. 
Miss McLean was one of three guest 
speakers whose theme for the day was "Au- 
tomation - Nursing Inhibitor or Nursing 
Facilitator?" 
According to Miss McLean, automation 
can become a nursing facilitator only if 
nurses are prepared to accept and use it. "I 
keep thinking of a game I played as a 
child," she said, "in which the person who 
was 'it' said: 'Ready or not, you will be 
caught.' And whether nurses are ready to 
Use automation to facilitate a high quality 
of nursing care or not, we will be caught up 
in a future in which automation is a fact 
of life." 
Miss McLean pointed out that automation 
itself does not ensure high quality nursing 
care. Each nurse must be educated by self 
or others so that she understands what is 
meant by "quality nursing care" and knows 
how to give it, she said. 
Other speakers at the automation session 
were: Lloyd F. Detwiller, consultant-admi- 
nistrator, Health Sciences Center, University 
of British Columbia; and Elmina M. Price, 
nurse researcher, St. Luke's Hospital. St. 
Paul, Minnesota. 


BC Staff Representatives 
Discuss Collective Bargaining 
Vancouver. - A two-day educational 
conference and group discussion was held 
early in April by representatives from 
the 78 B.C. staff groups actively engaged 
in collective bargaining under the prov- 
incial nurses' association. 
The conference, sponsored by the Reg- 
istered Nurses Association of B.C., was 
the first that brought all staff representatives 
together at one time to discuss collective 
bargaining. 
A similar meeting will be held at least 
once in each contract period. 
The first day was devoted mainly to dis- 
cussion of new trends in labor-management 
relations. Dr. Noel Hall of the Department 
of Commerce at the University of British 
Columbia, spoke on principles and tech- 
niques of bargaining and on labor laws. 
Mr. R. A. Mahoney, president of Manage- 
ment Research (Western) Limited, reviewed 
recent settlements in labor disputes. 
Miss Glenna Rowsell, CNA consultant on 
social and economic welfare, reviewed the 
national picture on nurses' employment 
relations. 
The RNABC, as the certified bargaining 
authority for 78 groups of nurses, negoti- 
(Conttnued on page 17) 


JUNE 1967 


a show of hands... 



 


- 


:Rroves its sll100thness 


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Your patients will enjoy the 
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 15 



Save hours of your time D 1 1 @ 
by replacing the enema with... U CO ax Suppositories 


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Even modem enema equipment is cumbersome and time-. 
consuming to assemble. Irrigation poles. bags. tubing. 
bedpans-all must be drawn from Central Supply, in- 
spected and brought to the bedside. It cuts into your valu- 
able morning time and becomes a real burden when you 
have several patient.. needing enemas. 
And, more often than not, your patients are distressed at 
the prospect of discomfort and loss of dignity-especially 
the elderly, the seriously iII, or postpartum and post- 
surgical patients. 


Dulcolax (brand of bisacodyl) 
Dulcolax Suppositories 10 mg 
Dulcolax Suppositories for Children 5 mg 
Dulcolax Tablets 5 mg 
16 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


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Dulcolax Suppositories offer a sure, simple way to elimi- 
nate the enema routine. One small suppository is inserted 
in seconds. You like the simplicity and convenience- 
patients are grateful to be spared the ordeal of an enema. 
Dulcolax Suppositories usually act in 15 minutes to 1 hour, 
so you can time evacuations and reduce accidents. You 
can finish the whole ward in less time, with less effort, 
less soiled linen. 


Boehringer Inge1heim Products 
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JUNE 1967 



news 


(Coll1;lIl1ed from pa!!e /5) 


ates collective agreement
 with employers 
of nurses. The agreements are signed by the 
Registered Nurses' Association and the indi- 
vidual employers. 
The Association's recommended personnel 
practices are subject to ratification at the 
RNABC's annual meeting and are used as 
the basis for collective bargaining. 


Need to Eradicate 
Not Control, TO 
Ottawa. - The health professions should 
eradicate tuberculosis. not control it. nurses 
attending the Canadian Tuberculosis Asso- 
ciation's Centennial Nursing Institute on 
Respiratory Disease on April 21 were told 
by guest speaker John W. Davis. 
Dr. Davis, medical consultant with the 
Division of Epidemiology, National Health 
and Welfare, said that even with present- 
day knowledge of tuberculosis. over 5.000 
cases of the disease are being diagnosed 
annually. and of these approximately 66 
percent are in the moderately or far ad- 
vanced stages. Medical personnel should 
focus their attention on the current failure 
to eradicate the disease. rather than on 
past successes. he said. 


At the afternoon session, delegates to the 
conference heard public health. V.O.N.. 
and hospital nllrses speak about the care of 
patients with respiratory disease. The phil- 
osophy of this care. elaborated on by Mrs. 
Geneva Lewis. director of public health 
nursing with the Ottawa Health Depart- 
ment and chairman of the symposium, is 
that the patient remains at home. receiving 
his long-term care within the community, 
and is hospitalized only for acute phases 
of his illness. Other symposium participants 
were Mrs. G. Shouldice. head nurse at the 
Royal Ottawa Sanatorium; Miss Isobel Sim- 
ister, district director, Ottawa Branch. 
V.O.N.; and Mrs. Helen O'Connell, senior 
public health nurse at the Eastview Health 
Department. 
Nursing sections of the Canadian Tuber- 
culosis Association. organized on a nation- 
al level in 1929. also are established in 
provincial associations in British Columbia. 
Alberta. Quebec. and Ontario. 


Kellog Foundation 
Gives Grant to WHO 
BATTLE CREEK, MICH. - Over a 
three-year period. the Federation of World 
Health Foundations will use a grant of 
$418.200 from the W.K. Kellogg Founda- 
tion for support during its development 
period. The Federation, which has head- 
quarters at Geneva, Switzerland, was creat- 
ed by the World Health Organization to 


serve as a central mechanism of coopera- 
tion and coordination for national World 
Health Foundations recently established in 
the United States, United Kingdom. Canada. 
and Switzerland, and planned for Japan, 
Sweden, Germany, larger nations of Latin 
America, and possibly other countries. 
These foundations are autonomous. legal 
entities created to seek gifts and grants 
for the development of systematic voluntary 
support for world health. 


Certification List Expands 
Montreal. - The United Nurses of 
Montreal. a collective bargaining unit of 
District II of the Association of Nurses of 
the Province of Quebec. has now received 
certification to negotiate with 23 hospitals 
and agencies. The Labour Relations Board 
of Quebec has authorized the group to act 
on behalf of non-supervisory staff (staff 
nurses, assistant head nurses, and teachers 
of nursing). 
Petitions for certification for seven more 
hospitals and agencies have recently been 
filed with the Labour Relations Board. 
The United Nurses group plan to ask ad- 
ministrators of the hospitals and health 
agencies to recognize supervisory staff for 
purposes of collective bargaining. A preli- 
minary meeting has already been held. 
Membership in the group includes all 
nurses in all categories and positions. 


Facts about 
Registered 
Nurses in 
Canada 


Ratio: RN's to Population 


The graph shows the number of registered nurses licensed to practice per 10,000 
population in Canada, 1962-1966. In 1962, the ratio of 1 nurse per 246 persons 
in Canada meant that for every 10,000 Canadians there were 41 nurses. In 1966, 
the ratio of 1:182 meant that for every 10,000 Canadians there were 55 nurses, or 
14 more nurses per 10,000 Canadians. 


YEAR 


1962 


Nurses: 76,183 
Population: 18,767,000 


1 nurse per 246 Canadians 


1963 


Nurses: 80,670 
Population: 19,093,000 


1 nurse per 237 Canadians 


1964 


Nurses: 88,558 
Population: 19,440,000 


1 nurse per 220 Canadians 


1965 


Nurses: 104,349 
Population: 19,705,000 


1 nurse per 188 Canadians 


1966 


Nurses: 109,513 
Population: 19,919,000 


1 nurse per 182 Canadians 


Source: Population Estimates: Census Division, Dominion Bureau of Statistics 
Number of nurses: Research Unit, Canadian Nurses' Association 


JUNE 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 17 



names 


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RNAO Elects Male President, Albert 
W. Wedgery made nursing history 
when he was elected president at the 
Association's annual meeting in April. 
He is the first man to hold this top po- 
sition in a provincial association in 
Canada. Mr. Wedgery, assistant direc- 
tor of the College of Nurses of Onta- 
rio, was elected second vice-president 
of the RNAO in 1965 and first vice- 
president in 1966. The Association's 
new president-elect is Laura E. Butler. 


A visit to her native British Columbia 
means an around-the-world trip for Eleanor 
Kunderman, nursing advisor to India for 
the World Health Organization. Her office 
in Madras, India, is exactly half-way 
around the world; she can come home by 
the Pacific and return by the Atlantic. It 
was during the return stretch of this voyage 
that she visited CNA House in Ottawa. 


Miss Kunderman is a graduate of the 
school of nursing of St. Paul's Hospital, 
Vancouver. In 1956 she obtained her B.S.N. 
from the University of British Columbia 
and in 1963, her M.A. from Teachers Col- 
lege, Columbia University, New York. 
18 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


She held teaching POSItIonS at St. Paul's 
and at the Division of Tuberculosis Control 
in Vancouver before becoming involved 
with WHO in 1959. When first offered the 
position as nursing advisor in Tehran, Iran, 
she declined, saying she "was no pioneer." 
However, she finally did accept the position 
and has been with WHO ever since. 
After two years, Miss Kunderman decided 
to return to the United States for her M.A. 
Following completion of her studies in 
1963 she went to Ceylon as nursing advisor 
to the government for WHO. During her 
two-year stay on "that island paradise" she 
traveled all over the island visiting the 
schools of nursing. By 1965 she had had 
enough of the tropics so headed north to 
Simla in northern India. Completely sur- 
rounded by the Himalayas, Simla is at an 
elevation of 7,200 feet. Her two-year stay 
was cut short when India and Pakistan 
went to war and Miss Kunderman was evac- 
uated - "back to the south, to Madras, 
and with all my winter clothes." 
Her main responsibility in Madras is to 
inaugurate a post-basic program at the 
University of Madras. The program, sched- 
uled to admit its first students this July, 
is the first post-basic nursing course in 
Madras. It will be sponsored by the World 
Health Organization and the Indian govern- 
ment will support the nursing students. 
"It is extremely important for the under- 
developed countries to develop their own 
programs since it is much too expensive to 
send their nurses to America for both 
bachelor and master's degrees," Miss Kun- 
derman said. 


Floris E. King, field 
program and nursing 
consultant for the 
Canadian Tuberculosis 
Association since last 
June, visited CNA 
House for the first 
time in March. 


. 


Dr. King graduated 
from the school of 
nursing of the Toronto East General Hos- 
pital in 1952 and immediately went on to 
obtain her B.Sc.N. from the University of 
Toronto in 1955. The next three years she 
spent as a public health nurse in the health 
department at Etobicoke, Ontario. 
Following this, Dr. King attended the 
University of Michigan for one year to earn 
her master of public health in 1959. She 
spent the next five years as program direc- 


tor of the Ontario TB Association with 
headquarters in Toronto. 
She was back at her studies in 1964, this 
time at the University of North Carolina. 
where she obtained her Ph.D. in January, 
1967. 


The director 
of nursing at Lake- 
shore General Hospit- 
al, Pointe Claire, Que- 
bec, since December 
1 is Marguerite Macleod 
, a graduate of The 
Montreal General Hos- 
pital. Mrs. MacLeod 
also undertook post- 
graduate education in operating room tech- 
nique and management at the same hos- 
pital in 1964. 
Upon receiving her diploma in 1946, she 
served for four years as staff nurse in ob- 
stetrics, caseroom, and nursery at The Mon- 
treal General Hospital. Following this she 
went to the Lachine General as a staff 
nurse and later became assistant head nurse 
in the emergency department. Immediately 
prior to her present appointment, Mrs. 
MacLeod was supervisor of the operating 
room and emergency and central supply 
departments at the Lakeshore General Hos- 
pital. 


Norma Clark joined 
the Ontario Hospital 
Association staff in 
1966 as assistant car- 
eers consultant. Mrs. 
Clark, a graduate of 
St. Joseph's School of 

 Nursing in Toronto 

 and of the diploma 
course in nursing edu- 
cation at the University of Toronto, has 
had extensive experience in the field of 
nursing education. She has worked at 
Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto; Sud- 
bury General; St. Joseph's Hospitals in Port 
Arthur and Elliot Lake, and also at the 
St. Thomas-Elgin General in St. Thomas. 
During her stay in Elliot Lake, she de- 
veloped the educational program and was 
director of the first Registered Nursing As- 
sistant course held at that hospital. Her 
experience in nursing education is an asset 
in her present position, which is devoted 
to recruitment into hospital careers. This 
involves contact with hospital personnel, 
guidance teachers and students in both de- 
mentary and secondary schools. 
JUNE 1967 



Kathleen C. Wood, 
a native of MacNutt, 
Saskatchewan. has 
been director of nurs- 
ing at York ton Union 
Hospital. Saskatche- 
wan, since September, 
1966. Mrs. Wood is it 
graduate of the school 
of nursing of the 
Ontario Hospital, New Toronto. She also 
holds a diploma in psychiatric nursing 
which she earned prior to becoming a re- 
gistered nurse, and a diploma in teaching 
and supervision, which she received in 196 I 
from the University of Saskatchewan. 
Immediately prior to her appointment as 
director of nursing at Y orkton Union Hos- 
pital. Mrs. Wood acted as director of edu- 
cation for one year. From 1962 to 196.5, 
she was director of nursing for Y orkton's 
Psychiatric Centre and was responsible for 
establishing the nursing program. She has 
had a variety of other experience as clinical 
instructor, supervisor, and general and pri- 
vate duty nurse. 
Mrs. Wood has been active in the Sask- 
atchewan Registered Nurses' Association 
and on the curriculum committee with the 
Department of Education. 


'- 
,,\ 


.. 


Alice C. Mills, a 
graduate of the Wel- 
lesley Hospital, To- 
ronto, has been ap- 
pointed regional nurs- 
ing supervisor for the 
Saskatchewan Depart- 
ment of Public 

 Health. Miss Mills 
also attended the Mar- 
garet Hague Maternity Hospital, Jersey 
City, New Jersey where she obtained a di- 
ploma in obstetrical nursing in 1949. Fol- 
lowing this she attended McGill University 
for two years to earn her B.N. 
In 1956 she went to England where she 
became certified as a state midwife. 
Miss Mills has served as chairman of the 
Committee on Public Relations with the 
Saskatchewan Registered Nurses' Associa- 
tion and with the nursing service committee, 
Prince Albert Chapter, of which she was 
also president last year. 


, ..J'r: 


- 


Vera E. Griffith, cur- 
riculum coordinator at 
Victoria Hospital, 
London, Ontario, has 
been appointed direc- 
tor of the school of 
nursing. 
Miss Griffith, a 19.5.5 
graduate of Kingston 
General Hospital 
School of Nursing, received her B.Sc.N. 
from Queen's University, Kingston, the 


( 



 


tUNE 1967 


following year. She has been with Victoria 
Hospital since 19.58. as nursing arts teacher 
for two years and as librarian for four. 
Appointed assistant director at the school 
of nursing of Victoria Hospital is Lottie 
Smith, a 1937 graduate of the school of 
nursing of the Kingston General Hospital. 
Miss Smith has a certificate from Sloane 
Hospital for Women, Columbia Presbyterian 
Medical Center. New York City, a diploma 
from the University of Toronto in clinical 
supervision, and a B.Sc.N. from the Univer- 
sity of Western Onario. 
After joining the staff of Victoria Hospital 
in 19.58, she was appointed senior nursing 
instructor, a post she held for seven years. 
She then served as clinical coordinator for 
a year and as acting assistant director dur- 
ing the last year. 
Vivian Kirkpatrick has been appointed 
professor of nursing and director of the new 
school of nursing to be established at Lau- 
rentian University in Sudbury, Ontario. A 
native of Toronto. Dr. Kirkpatrick will 
begin her duties at Laurentian University on 
the first of May. 
She is a nursing graduate of Women's 
College Hospital in Toronto. She holds cer- 
tificates in public health nursing and in in- 
dustrial nursing from the University of To- 
ronto, and her bachelor of nursing degree 


in public health nursing supervision and ad- 
ministration from McGill University. Dr. 
Kirkpatrick received both her master of 
education and her doctor of education 
degrees from Teachers College, Columbia 
University. 
Her experience has included service at 
Christie Street Military Hospital during the 
war and then with the Brant County Health 
Unit. She was health supervisor and coor- 
dinator at Women's College Hospital in 
Toronto. 
With the World Health Organization, she 
spent two years in Formosa as a teacher 
and supervisor, and administered a county- 
wide program in maternal and child health. 
She then went to India where, under the 
Canadian Colombo Plan, she was an ad- 
visor in school health and served as a 
teacher, consultant and administrator in 
hospital administration, ward management 
and clinical supervision. 
Dr. Kirkpatrick taught public health nurs- 
ing at both the University of Western On- 
tario and the University of Hawaii. As a 
member of the Mental Health Branch of 
the Ontario Department of Health, she con- 
ducted an intensive and comprehensive sur- 
vey of nursing services in Ontario mental 
hospitals. She is presently on the staff of 
Galesburg State Research Hospital, III. 0 



 


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ostomy 
anatomical 
demonstrator 


"MINI-GUIDE" 


"Mini-Guide" allows you to visually and 
graphically perform Colostomy, Ileostomy I1eal- 
Bladder, Wet Colostomy and Cutaneous Ureterostomy 
surgery. 
As an instructor, you are afford
d a simple, effective method of teac
ing th
 surgical 
mechanics and organs involved In ostomy surgery; as a student, you Immediately see 
and understand the procedures of ostomy surgery; and as a nurse, you have the per- 
fect vehicle for visual demonstrations to the patient who is to undergo ostomy surgery. 
The "Mini-Guide" anatomical demonstrator is priced at $1.00 on this money-back 
offer 760 CN. 


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PORT C:HESTER . NEW YORK 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 19 



NEW FOR HOSPITALS 


the 
Autolope 


It responds 
to heat 
treatment. 


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When the contents of the enve- 
lope are completely sterilized by 
the Autoclave, the indicator ink 
changes colour. This unique Gage 
Autolope is security folded and 
pressure-sensitive gummed to 
prevent contamination. It was de- 
veloped for Autoclaving with the 
help of medical, paper, printing, 
adhesive, and chemical experts. 
The Autolope is available now in 
an approved range of sizes. An- 
other new envelope idea from. . . 


Envelope Division 


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enjoys the business it's in. 
Envelopes. Stationery. Textbooks 
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20 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


dates 


June 7, 1967 
Manitoba Operating Room Study 
Group, one-day symposium, to be 
held in conjunction with the Manitoba 
Hospital Association Conference and 
the Western Hospital Institute at the 
Royal Alexander Hotel, Winnipeg, 
Manitoba. Theme: What's new? 


June 8-9, 1967 
Manitoba Association of Registered 
Nurses' Annual Meeting to be held in 
connection with the Western Regional 
Hospital Conference. 


June 9-23, 1967 
CMA 100th Annual Meeting, Quebec 
City, first week; Montreal, 2nd week. 


June 12-16, 1967 
Canadian Symposium on leisure to be 
held at Place Bonaventure, Montreal. 
For information write The Secretariate, 
2050 Amherst St., Montreal. 


June 13-15, 1967 
Canadian Dietetic Association, Annual 
Meeting and Convention. Chateau 
laurier, Ottawa. 


June 18-21, 1967 
Ottawa Civic Hospital, Centennial 
Home Coming. Alumnae or former 
associates of the Ottawa Civic Hos- 
pital who are interested in the pro- 
gram should write to: Executive Dir- 
ector, Ottawa Civic Hospital. 


lune 24, 1967 
St. Joseph's Hospital School of Nurs- 
ing, Toronto, Centennial Reunion. Any 
graduates who do not receive alum- 
nae newsletters, please send name 
and address to: St. Joseph's Hospital 
School of Nursing Alumnae, 30 The 
Queensway, Toronto 3, Ontario. 


June 24-luly 3, 1967 
International Council of Nurses, Board 
of National Representatives to meet 
in Evian, France. 


July 10-13, 1967 
Eleventh Annual Scientific assembly 
of the College of General Practice. To 
be held at the Hotel Vancouver, Van- 
couver, British Columbia. 


July, 1967 
75th Anniversary, Nova Scotia Hos- 
pital School of Nursing, Dartmouth, 


N.S. All interested graduates please 
contact Mrs. G. Varheff, 20 Ellen- 
vale Ave., Dartmouth, N.S. 


August 18-20, 1967 
Reunion of graduates nurses of St. 
Vincent de Paul Hospital, Brockville, 
Ontario. Contact: Mrs. Mary O'Neil 
Shields, 14 Hollywood Place, Brock. 
ville, or Mrs. Kay leFave, 54 Wright 
Cres., Brockville. 


August 24-29, 1967 
International Hospital Federation, Chi- 
cago. 


August 27-September 2, 1967 
First North American Conference on 
the Family to be held at laval Univer- 
sity, Quebec City. For information, re- 
gistration forms, write: Mr. Pierre 
Brien, P.O. Box 717, Quebec 4, P.Q. 


September, 1967 
Registered Nurses Association of Prince 
Edward Island, Annual Meeting. 


September 15-17, 1967 
70th Anniversary, Aberdeen Hospital 
School of Nursing, New Glasgow, 
Nova Scotia. Write: Mrs. Allison M.ac- 
Culloch, R.R. #2, New Glasgow, Pic- 
tou Co., Nova Scotia. 


Late September, 1967 
The Saskatoon City Hospital graduates 
in Eastern Ontario are planning a 
reunion in St. Catharines, Ontario. 
Would graduates of the school in 
. Eastern Canada please send names, 
year of graduation, and addresses to: 
Miss Ruth Schinbein, West Lincoln 
Memorial Hospital, Grimsby, Ontario. 


October 19-21, 1967 
First reunion of graduates of the McGill 
School for Graduates Nurses, Mont- 
real. For further information write 
Moyra Allen, Acting President of the 
Alumnae Association, School for Grad- 
uate Nurses, 3618 University Street, 
Montreal 2, P.Q. 


November 16-17, 1967 
ANPQ Annual Meeting, Chateau Fron- 
tenac, Quebec City. 


May, 1968 
Ontario Hospital Kingston Nurses 
Alumnae 1968 Reunion. All interested 
graduates please contact Miss Marie 
Peters, Ontario Hospital, Kingston. 
JUNE 1%7 



You, too, need 
plenty of fresh air 
and sunshine! 


Jet CPA to Hawaii 
(for about 10%*down) 


And have fun! Hawaii is the 
place to let yourself go. To lift 
your sagging spirits. To enjoy life 
to the fullest. From swinging 
Waikiki Beach to the quieter 
Neighbour Islands, Hawaii is a 
wonderland of sunshine, 
surf, coral beaches. 
What's more, a holiday in Hawaii 
needn't be expensive. There 
are ocean-front hotels with 
reasonable rates, inexpensive 
housekeeping apartments, 
even live-in trailers. 
See your travel agent or 
Canadian Pacific soon. 


... 


, 


. Example down payments - $45.90 tram 
Toronto; $40.20 I,om Wmnlpeg; $35.80 
tram Calgary; $28.80 t,om Vancouver - 
economy excursion round trip. 


" 


.. 


. 


. 


. 


Let CPAjet you there. 
-p- - 


. 


.... 


.. 


.. 


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-- 


- 


- 


... 


...... -, 


,. 


- 


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CANADIAN PACIFIC AIRLINES 


CANADIAN PACIFIC - PLANES' TRAINS' TRUCKS' SHIPS I TELECO......UNICATIONS I WORLD"S ...OST CO"'PLETE TRANSPORTATION SYSTE'" 



new products 


{ 


Descriptions are based on information 
supplied by the manufacturer and are 
provided only aø a service to readers. 


Haldol 
(McNEIL) 
Descritpion - a highly active psychother- 
apeutic agent belonging to a new order of 
major tranquilizers - the butyrophenones. 
Indications - For the control of psycho- 
motor agitation, manic states, hallucin- 
ations, delirium, confusion, hostility, guilt, 
apprehension, anxiety and tension. In vary- 
ing degree, these target symptoms are 
commonly associated with mental, emo- 
tional, and behavioral disorders, such as 
schizophrenia, chronic brain syndrome, 
alcoholism, senility; mental retardation, and 
Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome. 
Contraindications In Parkinson's 
disease, depressive states, comatose condi- 
tions, patients with previous spastic dis- 
eases, during the first trimester of preg- 
nancy, and children under three years of 
age. It should not be used in patients 
known to be generally sensitive to drugs. 
Side Effects - Neuromuscular (extra- 
pyramidal) reactions, such as Parkinson- 
like symptoms, akathisia, dyskinesia, dys- 
tonia, hyperreflexia, opisthotonos and, oc- 
casionally, oculogyric crisis, are the most 
frequently reported side effects associated 
with the administration of HaldoL Rarely, 
heartburn. nausea. and vomiting have been 
reported. 
Administration - To achieve optimal 
results and to avoid unnecessary side ef- 
fects, the dosage of Haldol should be 
based on the patient's age and physical 
condition, the severity of his symptoms, 
and his response to treatment. The lowest 
recommended dosage should be used initi- 
ally. Mental, emotional and behavioral dis- 
orders: When symptoms are severe or their 
rapid control is desired, Haldol should be 
administered intramuscularly. Dosages in 
the range of 2.5 to 5.0 mg. are recom- 
mended generally, and should be employed 
on a pm. basis (but not more frequently 
than once every 4 to 6 hours) until the 
desired effect is achieved. Thereafter, oral 
administration should be initiated in dos- 
ages. Obstetrics: A single intramuscular 
dose of 2.5 to 5.0 mg., administered during 
the first stage of labor with a narcotic 
analgesic, usually provides adequate con- 
trol of pain, apprehension, nausea and 
vomiting in most patients; occasional pa- 
tients may require one or more additional 
doses of analgesics. 
For complete information on dosages, 
precautions, and pharmacologic profile, a 
file booklet is available from McNeil Lab- 
oratories (Canada) Limited, II Green Belt 
Drive, Don Mills, Ontario. 


22 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Check Drape 
(PROFESSIONAL DISPOSABLE PRODUCTS) 
Description - Sterile disposable sheets, 
designed to control the passage of liquids, 
air and bacteria, whenever a sterile field 
is required. Particularly applicable for 
physicians' and dentists' offices, industrial 
first-aid departments, hospitals, and nursing 
homes, the 19" by 30" Check Drape is 
constructed of five-ply, wove-embossed 
facial tissue, interlined with a moisture- 
resistant film of polypropylene through the 
center. In addition to its protective prop- 
erties, the disposable drape sheet eliminates 
expensive laundry and handling cost. 
For information on availability and cost 
write Mr. Frank Conroy, Professional Dis- 
posable Products, Inc., 22-28 South 6th 
Avenue, Mount Vernon N,.Y. 10550. 


Locacorten 
(CIBA) 
Description - Locacorten is a new type 
of difluorinated corticosteroid ester, flum- 
ethasone pivalate. Because of the pivalate 
radical, its anti-inflammatory action is 
concentrated at the site of application. This 
local effect on target areas results in a 
prompt decrease in inflammation, exuda- 
tion, and itching. 
Indications - Atopic eczema, contact 
dermatitis (primary irritant and allergic), 
neurodermatitis, nummular eczema, sebor- 
rheic dermatitis, lichen planus, pruritus 
ani and vulvae, acute sunburn, psoriasis, 
and all acute and chronic skin diseases 
amenable to corticosteroid therapy. 
Dosage - Apply to the affected areas in 
a thin, even film two or three times daily. 
Protective dressings may be used, or oc- 
clusive dressings for resistant conditions. 
After the skin has healed, Locacorten 
should be applied at least once daily for a 
further period of one to two weeks to pre- 
vent recurrence of the disease. Note: When 
bacterial infection is present, appropriate 
medication should be used concurrently and. 
if a favorable response does not occur 
promptly, discontinue Locacorten until the 
infection has been controlled. 
Side-effects - Rarely, mild irritation. 
With occlusive dressings, a few cases of 
striae of the skin have been reported . 
Cautions - In prolonged occlusive ther- 
apy, the possibility of metabolic systemic 
effects should be kept in mind. 
Contraindications - Tuberculosis of the 
skin, chicken-pox, post-vaccination skin 
eruptions, viral or fungal infections, syphil- 
itic skin affections, pregnancy, diseases of 
the cornea are contraindications. 


For additional information, write to Ciba 
Company Limited, Dorval. Quebec. 


Hand Protector 
(DOW CORNING) 
Description - A new silicone lotion that 
provides all-day protection for dentists, 
nurses, and others against the effects of 
repeated hand washing. The new lotion is 
applied to clean hands twice daily (morn- 
ing and noon) or as often as needed. A 
brisk rubbing action is used when applying, 
and the product can later be removed with 
an abrasive-type soap. 
The product protects skin from soap or 
detergent and water washing, and remains 
longer on the hands to shield the skin from 
other irritants. It does not stain clothing. 
and allows normal skin transpiration. Dow 
Corning hand protector is applied easily, 
is non-greasy. and dries quickly. 
For further information, write: Dow 
Corning Silicones Limited, I Tippet Rd., 
Downsview P.O.. Metropolitan Toronto, 
Onto 


Literature Available 
For the Fastidious is a l3-page booklet 
recently published by Winthrop Laborator- 
ies and available free of charge. It discusses 
feminine hygiene by answering a series of 
questions, such as: "What makes a woman 
attractive?" "Why do we douche?" "What 
is the proper technique?" Requests should 
be sent to Mr. J. T. Dentay, Winthrop 
Laboratories, Aurora, Ontario. 
An Introduction to Family Planning is a 
20-page Ìllustrated booklet provided by 
Ortho Phannaceutical (Canada) Ltd. It 
provides a simple explanation of conception 
and the various methods of family plan- 
ning. Diagrams of all devices are included. 
The last two pages of the booklet outline, 
in point form, how to obtain family plan- 
ning products. Copies can be obtained from 
Ortho Pharmaceuticals (Canada) Ltd., 19 
Green Belt Drive, Don Mills. Ontario. 
The medical and religious aspects of 
family planning are contained in the pub- 
lished proceedings of a Symposium Coun- 
seling in Family Planning, held April, 
1966, for clergy and physicians. 
This publication will be of particular 
interest to nurses involved in family plan- 
ning counseling. 
For your personal, free copy, please 
write to Miss E. Dawson, R.N., Director 
of Educational Services, Ortho Pharma- 
ceutical (Canada) Ltd., 19 Green Belt 
Drive, Don Mills. Ontario. 0 
JUNE 1967 



in a capsule 


Take Your Shoes To Expo 67! 
If you're planning to visit Expo 67. you 
will be one step ahead of the "sore feet" 
game if you remember to pack an old 
pair of nurses' shoes. Whether flat or 
cuban heeled, these standbys will serve you 
well from La place d'accueil to La Ronde. 
On a recent trip abroad, we found them 
so comfortable that we took them off only 
when sleeping and when the presence of 
a more glamorous shoe seemed in order. 


Hazardous Fashion 
Twentieth century American proverb: 
People who wear paper dresses shouldn't 
go near fire. Especially, says a U.S. Public 
Health Service offici a], "if they have been 
laundered, dry cleaned or worn in a soaking 
rain." 
Dr. Richard E. Mar]and, Chief of the 
Public Hea]th Service's Injury Control Pro- 
gram within the National Center for Urban 
and Industria] Health, said anyone wearing 
the new type of paper garment should 
discard it once it becomes soiled. 
"The manufacturers themselves acknow- 
ledge that many of these paper dresses and 
other garments lose whatever flame re- 
tardant finish they have after washing," Dr. 
Marland said. "In fact, we are asking the 
Bureau of Standards to test samples of pa- 
per clothing to determine just how resistant 
these garments are to fire when they are 
new." 


Dr. Marland stated that the Injury 
Control Program had received inquiries 
from individuals about the burn potentia] 
of paper clothing. "We cannot afford to 
wait until someone is seriously burned be- 
fore taking action," he said. 
As one illustration, Dr. Mar]and stated 
that a surgeon in a major university hospital 
recently sent the Injury Control Program 
a paper isolation garment for members of 
the hospital staff to wear. "V ou could easily 
start a bonfire with it. The hospital has 
banned the use of this garment, and we are 
now asking the manufacturer for more 
facts," he said. 


Drop-outs Among Women Doctors 
Women medical doctors are most useful 
citizens, but only 55 percent of the 1,753 in 
Canada are in fulltime practice, according to 
a report in the Ottawa Journal. 
Six percent are in part-time practice. Four 
percent are classified as "temporarily retir- 
ed" or "never practiced." Others are retired 
or taking post-graduate training. 
The study of women doctors undertaken 


JUNE 1967 


by the Canadian Medical Association Jour- 
nal revealed that the largest percentage of 
those temporarily retired were graduated 
in the period 1960-64 and would be able 
to return to practice of medicine later if 
they could keep their medical knowledge 
up-to-date. 
The complete drop-out of women doctors 
from the profession after periods of en- 
forced inactivity causes concern to those 
who undertook this survey. 
It takes no special qualifications to see 
the waste involved in doctors being lost 
to the profession, the report points out. 
Governments have properly become eager 
to assist Canadians to become more skilled 
or be retrained for other useful occupations. 
Doctors deserve as much attention as motor 
mechanics when they want assistance in 
getting back to full service to the com- 
munity, says the Journal. 


A Game for the Wily Shopper 
Have you ever played "Beat the M.R. 
Boys"? It's a fascinating game, strongly 
recommended for those who delight in up- 
setting statistics. In this case the statistics 
have been meticulously compiled by motIv- 
ational research types, making the game a 
real challenge for any player. 
The game (which undoubtedly would 


,II 
'
\ ' I 
\ 
 I I 
.', 
, ./ 


meet the approval of Steven Polter) has 
two players: you, the customer - strong 
of mind, stout of heart, filled to the ears 
with will-power; and The Product - mys- 
terious, high-priced, alluring, clothed in 
attractive packaging, and usually scented 
with a tempting aroma. 
The game is generally played in a super- 
market. It begins as you amble down the 
aisle, grocery list clutched in fist. searching 
for your goods. 
Suddenly, you encounter The Product. It 
appears quite innocent, as it sits quietly, 
almost demurely, on the shelf. But you 
recognize it, immediately, for what it is: 
a high-priced, average product that has been 
decked out in blue and yellow - the colors 
determined by motivation a] researchers to 
have the most Eye Appeal - to catch you, 
the unsuspecting customer. 
At this point you lean down, leer at The 
Product, and, with quiet satisfaction, pick up 
Brand X, which is dismally attired in olive 
green. The game is won, and you have 
upset the statistics. 
By the way, motivatIOnal researchers re- 
port that supermarket shoppers stare for 
long, unblinking moments as they look over 
various items; hence, it is wise to blink 
frequently as you make your rounds _ 
this is guaranteed to turn statistical figure
 
broadside. 0 


/ 


/ 
/ 

 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 23 



A nursing career with a difference. 


Excellent career opportunities exist 
for graduate nurses in the Canadian 
Forces Medical Service. Applica- 
tions will also be accepted from 
nursing students in their final 
year of training. And enrolment 
will proceed upon registration. 
The duties of a Canadian Forces 
Nursing Sister are two-fold; that of 
a professional nurse and that of a 
commissioned officer. Her employ- 
ment therefore I\t carries with it 
the respon- 
"$ sibilities of 
leadership as . 
 well as those 
of the medical 1 profession. 
It also carries with it op- 
p 0 r tun i tie s to travel, to 
"- 
serve in Canadian , military es- 
tablishments all across Canada 
and in Europe. 


The starting salary is $540.00 a 
mon th, and increases in pay are 
granted every three years. 30 days 
annual holiday, and free medical 
and dental care are added benefits. 
Nursing in the Canadian Forces 
Medical Service offers valuable and 
varied experience in different en- 
vironments, opportunities for pro- 
fessional advancement, the excite- 
ment of travel at home and over- 
seas, a respected position, and a 
unique way of life not usually 
available to a Registered Nurse. 
Further information and appli- 
cations for enrolment may be ob- 
tained from your nearest Canadian 
Forces Recruiting Centre, or by 
mailing the attached coupon. 


The Canadian Forces. 
Give it some thought. 
r-----------------------, 


Director of Recruiting, 
Canadian Forces Headquarters, 
Onawa 4, Ontario 


Narn t" 


Addres " 


City or Town, and Provinc p 


L_______________________
 


24 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


JUNE 1967 



An editorial on "The Role of the 
Nurse in Family Practice" in the De- 
cember 1966 issue of the Journal of 
the College of General Practice of 
Canada warrants a response. 
The author's theme is that general 
practitioners should consider using 
public health nurses as special as- 
sistants in the care of their patients in 
the office and home. Moreover, he 
contends that public health nurses 
could make a much greater contri- 
bution to total family health care if 
they were under the supervision of 
the family doctor. 
Although not specifically stated, the 
implication is that the public health 
nurse would be employed by the medi- 
cal practitioner. This is the only ele- 
ment of the author's suggestion that 
is new, for traditionally, public health 
nurses, employed as they are by com- 
munity agencies, have provided service 
to families under the guidance of the 
family doctor. With few exceptions, 
public health nursing service is avail- 
able in all parts of Canada and there- 
fore within reach of most practicing 
physicians. 
That the present arrangement cf 
health services has not been totally 
effective in providing satisfactory ser- 
vice to families is becoming increas- 
ingly evident. The reasons for this 
ineffectiveness are not as evident. The 
editorial in question refers to Mr. 
Dennis Brannan's study, reported in 
the June 1966 issue of the same jour- 
nal. It reports his conclusion, based 
on a retrospective analysis of visits 
made by public health nurses in three 
districts in one municipal health de- 
partment, that "there is relatively little 
cooperation between the public health 
nurse and the family doctor." 
Mr. Brannan's observations led him 
to the following comments (quoted in 
the editorial under discussion): "There 
is a prevailing attitude among public 
health nurses that the physician is 
both unaware of their services, and is 
too busy to see them or to discuss a 
problem with them"; and, "Medical 
schools do not educate students ade- 
quately as to the functions and use 
of auxiliary services . . . and it is 
little wonder that physicians are un- 
aware of the role that the public health 
JUNE 1967 


nurse could play in a community." 
Mr. Brannan also comments, "the 
way in which public health nursing 
services are presently organized does 
little to actively contribute to closer 
nurse-physician cooperation." This is 
probably true, particularly in larger 
and increasingly complex urban cen- 
ters where the present organizational 
structure of services does little to faci- 
litate communication among a variety 
of workers, unknown to one another. 
Whether or not these are all the 
factors leading to poor cooperation is 
not clear. Unfortunately, Mr. Brannan 
does not add to our knowledge when 
he fails to report on the phase of his 
project that involved observations in 
three private practices in the same 
area as the public health nursing dis- 
tricts under study. 
Such limited cooperation between 
professional workers whose common 
focus is on the health of the family 
must result in a gross misuse of pro- 
fessional skills through duplication of 
effort, if nothing else. To find ways of 
making the most effective use of exist- 
ing skills in providing service to fam- 
ilies is a matter of some urgency. For 
this reason, we support the suggestion 
made by the editor of the Journal of 
the College of General Practice, that 
general practitioners should consider 
using public health nurses as special 
assistants in the care of their patients 
in the office and home. 
It is questionable, however, that our 
objective of service would be achieved 
if, as suggested, the prime objective 
were "to ease the patient work load of 
the busy general practitioner through 
sharing "in the actual diagnosis and 
treatment of minor illness," if, by 
this, the editor means that public 
health nurses should develop skills in 
medical diagnosis and treatment addi- 
tional to their present skills. 
The non-medical components of 
general practice could be managed by 
a public health nurse, skilled as she is 
in such activities as assessing family 
health needs, counseling, referring per- 
sons to appropriate community agen- 
cies, etc. Delegation of these compo- 
nents to her surely would result in 
better distribution of skills and im- 
proved service to families. Easing of 


EDITORIAL I 


the patient work load of the busy gen- 
eral practitioner might or might not 
follow. Experience in Britain indicates 
that a lighter work load for the physi- 
cian does not result from this arrange- 
ment; he is, however, freed to use the 
skills that are peculiarly his. 
Such thoughts are, as yet, in the 
realm of conjecture. The real value 
of the editorial is the plea that is made 
for study of this way of offering health 
services to the community. Additional 
to reports from Britain and United 
States, there are a few current de- 
velopments in Canada that may add 
to an understanding of the need for 
and the basis of effective coordination 
of these essential skills. A three-year 
project undertaken in Prince Albert, 
Saskatchewan, in 1962 was reported in 
the June 1966 issue of THE CANADIAN 
NURSE. Using a "nursing case work" 
approach, a nurse served in a seven- 
doctor group practice as a correlating 
person for total care of the patient. In 
Saskatoon, the Community Health Ser- 
vices Medical Clinic, a group practice, 
employed a social worker for a two- 
year period of study that ended in 
March, 1966. 
In an effort to answer some of the 
very valid questions raised by the ed- 
itor, a project is currently operative in 
one area of Metropolitan Toronto 
whereby a public health nurse employ- 
ed by the local department of public 
health is giving service to the patients 
of three general practitioners. It is the 
aim of this project to study the feas- 
ibility and value of seconding a pub- 
lic health nurse to work directly with 
a group of general practitioners. 
That public health nursing service 
could be more effectively used by me- 
dical practitioners is evident. Whether 
or not such service should be in the 
employ of the physician is question- 
able. Surely the results of some of the 
current projects will give us some clues 
as to how to improve the quality of 
health services in the face of increas- 
ing fragmentation of skills and in- 
creasing demands on health workers 
already in short supply. 0 
PHYLLIS E. JONES 
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR 
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 25 



From institution 
. 
to community 


Message from f. Grunberg, M.D., D.P.M., Director of Psychiatric Services, 
Province of Saskatchewan. 


In Saskatchewan over the past 15 I 
years, under the leadership of the 
forme.- D;rectm of Psych;.tdc S"";c,, 
Branch, Dr. F.S. Lawson, a new pat- 
tern of psychiatric care has evolved 
from institutional to community care. 
One of the most significant conse- 
quences of this new pattern of psychia- 
tric services has been the drastic 
change in the function and organiza- 
tion of the traditional mental hospital, 
a change that has particularly affected 
psychiatric nursing. No professional 
discipline had to reorient its model of 
service as drastically. Many comfort- 
able but obsolete traditions had to be 
abandoned, sometimes with a great 
deal of anxiety and insecurity. _, 
I must say, however, that the Sask- 
atchewan psychiatric nurse has shown 
a considerable degree of flexibility, 
versatility, courage, and imagination; 
this, to a large extent, has been re- 
sponsible for the success of the pro- 
gram. 
This, of course, is not the "end of 
the story" and many more changes can 
be anticipated and many more front- 
iers are to be conquered. 


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26 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


JUNE 1967 



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JUNE 1967 


The Saskatchewan Plan 


This plan was formulated to provide facilities for an adequate psychiatric program 
in the province of Saskatchewan, with its diffuse population and particular 
topography. However, its basic principles should be generally applicable. 


F.S. Lawson, M.D. 


The original concept for what has 
become known as The Saskatchewan 
Plan was suggested to Professor D.G. 
McKerracher of Saskatoon, Director 
of Psychiatric Services for Saskatche- 
wan until 1954, by the World Health 
Organization Specialist Report :#:73. 
This report recommended small re- 
gional mental hospitals of 300 to 400 
beds to replace the large monolithic 
isolated hospitals with patient popula- 
tions of several thousands. 
At the beginning of 1955, when I 
returned to Saskatchewan to succeed 
Professor McKerracher as Director of 
Psychiatric Services, my whole objec- 
tive was to urge upon the provincial 
government a modern and adequate 
program of psychiatric service. In at- 
tempting to do this The Saskatchewan 
Plan was evolved. While the govern- 
ment never actually accepted the Plan 
as a whole, they did eventually author- 
ize one unit at Y orkton; this was fin- 
ally opened in 1964. Another unit at 
Prince Albert was authorized in 1965. 
During the period from 1955 to 
1960, while the Plan was being urged 
on the provincial government, many 
modifications of the original WHO 
suggestions were made and, indeed, 
even after the construction of the Psy- 
chiatric Centre at Y orkton, the first 
unit of the Plan, further modifications 
were incorporated for future units. 
Basic beliefs 
The basic premise of the Plan is the 
belief that no human being should 


be incarcerated in an institution. 
Any other solution is preferable. No 
alternative should provide merely cus- 
todial care, however, nor even inpa- 
tient care if outpatient treatment is 
possible. 
Other requirements of the Plan are: 
1. The mentally ill should have the 
same standard of care as the physical- 
ly ill. 
2. Care for the mentally ill should 
be equally as available as care for the 
physically ill. 
3. The same continuity of care as 
is provided for the physically ill should 
be available to the mentally ill (at 
horne, as outpatients, daypatients or 
inpatients). 
4. The same individual continuity of 
treatment as the physically ill receive 
should be accorded the mentally ill 
(the same professional personnel 
should attend the patient in all phases 
of his illness). 
5. Integration of psychiatric care 
with general medical and surgical care 
should be provided so that the patient 
may be treated as a whole person. 
6. Comprehensive care in his home 
area should be provided to the men- 
tally ill patient as it is to the physical- 
ly ill (no one should have to go to a 
distant hospital because of the length 
or severity of his illness). 
7. The inpatient facility should be 
so designed and constructed that it as- 
sists in the patient's recovery; contains 
the requirements for special treatment; 
allows for separation of patients into 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 27 



compatible groups; provides accept- 
able conditions, such as privacy of per- 
son and effects; is staffed adequately 
to provide personal attention; and is 
small enough to allow the personal 
approach. 


Fundamental concepts 
To provide for implementation of 
these requirements, the Plan involves 
certain arrangements, many of which 
have been incorporated at Y orkton 
while others await the construction of 
future units. 
First, no government department 
should have direct control over any 
clinical program. This is an essential 
administrative arrangement so that 
there may be no greater interference 
by politicians with psychiatry than 
there is with other branches of med- 
icine. Competition for funds with other 
segments of a government department 
and also with other departments of 
government tends to result in curtail- 
ment of necessary monies for an ade- 
quate psychiatric program, perhaps 
because many mentally ill persons have 
no vote. Psychiatric centers should be 
supported under the Saskatchewan 
Hospital Services Plan and adminis- 
tered by the board of the general hos- 
pitals to which they are attached. 
Second, to provide readily avail- 
able psychiatric care and treatment, 
the region served by a unit should be 
limited both in area and population. A 
region in Saskatchewan has been arbi- 
trarily set as having a maximum radius 
of approxim
tely 90 miles. This is es- 
sential so that outpatient, home care, 
and follow-up programs may be phy- 
sically possible. The adequate provi- 
sion of these three phases of the total 
care governs the inpatient bed require- 
ment and, therefore, the relationship 
between the population to be served 
and the size of the psychiatric unit. 
Third, continuity of care requires 
that the same treatment team - con- 
sisting of a psychiatrist, a social 
worker and a psychiatric nurse - 
should be involved with each specific 
patient in all phases of his treatment. 
Fourth, comprehensive total care of 
a patient should be provided at the 
28 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


psychiatric center in his region. There 
must be no other place to which the 
regional treatment team can abandon a 
difficult case (i.e., the buck cannot 
be passed). 
Finally, the design of the regional 
hospital should reduce confusion in 
details and perspectives, provide faci- 
lities for all necessary types of treat- 
ment, provide privacy of the patient's 
person and effects, and enable patients 
to be regarded as individuals by the 
provision of arrangements to allow 
them to live in small groups. 


Regional centers 
The original plan envisaged the es- 
tablishment of eight regions to cover 
the populated portion of Saskatche- 
wan, in addition to the use, at least 
temporarily, of the two old mental 
hospitals at Weyburn and North Battle- 
ford. Further consideration and the 
development of better roads in the 
province allowed the proposed number 
to be reduced to seven, including Wey- 
bum and North Battleford. 
These regions, each containing a 
psychiatric center as a part of a local 
general hospital, are allocated as fol- 
lows: 


Center 
Swift Current 
Regina - Moose Jaw 
Saskatoon 
Prince Albert-Tisdale 
Y orkton 
Weyburn 
North Battleford 
Total for the province 


Population 
covered 
80,000 
260,000 
200,000 
135,000 
90,000 
113,000 
140,000 
1,018,000 


This division necessitated a revision 
of our previous condition that no one 
should be more than 90 miles from a 
psychiatric center. This situation is 
found in the Weyburn and North 
Battleford regions and also in the 
Prince Albert-Tisdale region. It was 
thought, however, that a small ward at 
Tisdale as an auxiliary to the center at 
Prince Albert might help cover the 
extra distances in the north eastern 
part of the province where population 
is thinly distributed. In addition, con- 
tinued use of the psychiatric ward at 


Moose Jaw Union Hospital would as- 
sist with the more concentrated popula- 
tion in the Regina-Moose Jaw region. 


Numbers of beds reduced 
Since the center at Y orkton has 
been operating, the principles of The 
Saskatchewan Plan have been justified 
by its success. The greatest surprise, 
however, has been to discover that the 
inpatient bed need had been grossly 
overestimated. 
Between 1955 and 1960, enquiries 
to various psychiatric services in Cana- 
da and other countries and our own 
mental hospital experience indicated 
a need up to 5.6 beds per 1,000 popu- 
lation served. The lowest estimate, 
which came from Great Britain, al- 
though with some disagreement from 
well-known English psychiatrists, was 
1.8 beds per 1,000. The Psychiatric 
Centre at Y orkton contains 148 beds, 
or a ratio of 1.65 beds per 1,000 of 
the regional population. 
At this time the requirement for in- 
patient care, if adequate staff is avail- 
able to provide the necessary outpa- 
tient care, home care, and follow-up, 
would seem to be 0.5 beds per I ,000 
of the population served. 
The inpatient bed needs of the seven 
regions for adult psychiatric care in 
Saskatchewan (excluding the mentally 
retarded) at this ratio would be: 
Swift Current 40 
Regina - Moose Jaw 130 
Saskatoon 100 
Prince Albert - Tisdale 70 
Y orkton 45 
Weyburn 57 
North Battleford 70 
This would provide a total for the 
province of 512 beds for a population 
of 1,018,000. 
It should be noted that there may 
be other than adults requiring care and 
that the mentally retarded are not in- 
cluded. The Saskatchewan Plan to date 
has not considered a comprehensive 
program for the emotionally disorder- 
ed child because of the confused state 
of such programs throughout the 
world, almost everyone of which is 
still designated as a "pilot project." A 
program for the mentally retarded ap- 
JUNE 1967 



pears to require an entirely different 
approach, and we feel it should be re- 
garded as a separate entity. A program 
for those who are loosely called "psy- 
chopaths" is another moot question. 


Programs expanding 
The application of the principle that 
no one should be cared for as an in- 
patient if outpatient treatment, day- 
patient treatment, or treatment in the 
community is adequate for his need 
was given a great deal of thought by 
Dr. Fred Grunberg, Superintendent of 
the Saskatchewan Hospital at Weyburn 
both in 1962 and 1964. Dr. Grunberg 
had been Director of the Mental 
Health Clinic in Swift Current when it 
was thought that the first psychiatric 
center would be established there. 
When the Government, in its wisdom, 
chose Y orkton as the site for the first 
unit, Dr. Grunberg moved to York- 
ton. He left Saskatchewan when the 
construction at Y orkton was delayed 
by the politicians but was persuaded to 
return in 1962. The consideration he 
had given in preparation for the pro- 
posed function of the psychiatric cen- 
ters resulted in his determination to 
establish similar treatment and admin- 
istrative approaches at Saskatchewan 
Hospital, Weyburn, even though the 
area and population to be covered 
seemed excessive. 
His adaptation of the principles of 
The Saskatchewan Plan to the Men- 
tal Hospital at Weyburn, ably followed 
up by his successors, has produced the 
same results which are now obvious. 


Dr. Lawson was former Director of Psy- 
chiatric Services in Saskatchewan. He is 
now retired and living in Ontario. 0 


JUNE 1967 


Weyburn 
Psychiatric Centre 


One of the features of The Saskatchewan plan is that the province is divided into 
areas, each to be serviced by a 
maJl psychiatric hospital that would provide total 
psychiatric care for its designated area. This article describes one of these units. 


John B. Wright, M.D. 
In view of the success of the first of 
these units at Y orkton opened in 
1963, the Weyburn Psychiatric Centre 
was established in mid-1965. It was 
housed in a building previously used 
as a tuberculosis annex, physically 
separated from, but adjacent to, the 
main building of the Saskatchewan 
Hospital, Weyburn. 
It was rebuilt to provide inpatient 
facilities for 52 patients with all nec- 
essary adjunctive services such as 
EEG, x-ray, and occupational and rec- 
reational therapies. It is perhaps in- 
teresting that the Weyburn Centre was 
given 52 beds for an area almost twice 
as large and with 30 percent more 
population than Y orkton. The clinical 
program in this Centre is entirely inde- 
pendent of that in the Saskatchewan 
Hospital, Weyburn, though mainten- 
ance, business, dietary, and other serv- 
ices are shared. 


Community concept 
Since President Kennedy's message 
to Congress in 1963 presented the 
concept of the community mental 
health center, community psychiatry 
has been advocated everywhere. What 
is often overlooked when discussing 
this topic is that this does not only 
mean treating the patient in the com- 
munity - it also means using all re- 
sources in the community to treat the 
patient. Ideally it should mean that the 
community fills the role that has 
always been filled by the large, isol- 
ated mental hospital. Any community 
service should be comprehensive and 
prepared to handle all the mental ill- 
ness in the region for which it is 
responsible. 
To implement this, the area was 
divided into five relatively autonomous 
subareas, each looked after by a team 
consisting of a senior psychiatrist, a 
social worker, a community nurse, and 
ward nurses. All teams share the 
central facility. 
The psychiatrist directs the team, 
assesses all patients who are referred, 
initiates treatment, continues the treat- 
ment of those who need psychiatrist's 
care, and assigns the other work to 
the relevant member of the team. 


The social worker, by interviewing 
relatives and others, assesses social im- 
plications of the case, and deals with 
the impact of the illness both on the 
patient in his environment and on the 
environment itself. He also does coun- 
seling, group work, marital guidance, 
and other "therapy." 
The role of the community nurse in- 
volves both medical and social aspects. 
His training in the symptomatology of 
psychiatric illness, its response to treat- 
ment, the effects and side effects of 
drugs, and so on, enables him to 
follow up patients who are on drugs 
for acute and chronic illnesses, calling 
in the psychiatrist as necessary. More- 
over, he is skilled in the management 
of people with mental illness and can. 
therefore, advise the relatives of pa- 
tients with as yet uncleared or residual 
symptoms on how to handle the pa- 
tient. To use an extreme example, 
what does one say to a patient who 
has a delusion that men from Mars 
have wired the house and are control- 
ling his thoughts by electricity? 
Community nurses have made the 
work of other disciplines much easier 
and more effective. As an example, 
social workers now have more time to 
spend doing counseling, family ther- 
apy, etc., instead of spending a lot 
of their time in duties for which they 
are not prepared. such as supervising 
drug therapy. 
There are two main aspects of the 
program - the outpatient service and 
the inpatient service. 


Outpatient care 
A basic concept of care under The 
Saskatchewan Plan is the belief that 
the primary treatment source for the 
patient is his own general practitioner, 
and, therefore, psychiatric services in- 
tervene only at the request of the 
practitioner who has not the time, the 
facilities, or the experience to cope 
himself. As soon as the patient is fit 
enough and with the practitioner's 
consent, he is returned to him for any 
further treatment that may be neces- 
sary. 
To further the idea of taking the 
hospital into the community rather 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 29 



than extruding the patient hito an iso- 
lated mental hospital, part-time clinics 
are established in each of the sub- 
areas. The team goes out to them at 
least once a week for a full day's 
clinic. Social workers and community 
nurses, of course, spend a considerable 
portion of their time in the field seeing 
patients who cannot, will not, or just 
do not come into the clinics. 
The patient is seen initially as an 
outpatient and thereafter is given the 
treatment appropriate to his illness 
whether as outpatient, inpatient, day 
patient, or night patient. Close follow- 
up and supervision is given as long 
as the patient needs it. Foster homes, 
halfway houses, and other alternative 
accommodation for chronic patients or 
patients without homes or relatives of 
their own were established. Standards 
have been laid down by the provincial 
government for such homes, and they 
must all be approved by the Director 
of Psychiatric Services. Nursing homes, 
both public and private, have been and 
are being built. In these can be placed 
geriatric patients who may have little, 
if anything, psychologically wrong with 
them but who in the past "fa ute de 
mieux" were handled by mental hos- 
pitals. 
The team must know and be known 
by the community. Members endeavor 
to work closely with all potential re- 
source people and to establish liaison 
with general practitioners and agen- 
cies; the department of welfare, public 
health nurses, clergy, municipal and 
town authorities, police, voluntary or- 
ganizations, are often involved in out- 
patient care. 
The Centre is experimenting with 
community nurses resident in the larg- 
er peripheral towns and one has al- 
ready been appointed. Such nurses not 
only follow up patients who require it, 
but can also supervise activities of pa- 
tients who might attend the mental 
health clinic during the day, and act as 
a liaison between psychiatric services 
and the community. Residence in the 
area eliminates much of the traveling 
caused by the rural nature of the terri- 
tory. 


Inpatient care 
Inpatient care is a brief and often 
30 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


unnecessary part of the total treatment 
program. The patient is only admitted 
to hospital if he needs to be there, and 
only stays for as long as he continues 
to benefit from being in hospital. This 
eliminates one of the worst features of 
psychiatry in the past, where most of 
the disability associated with mental 
illness was not a part of the illness 
itself, but was consequent upon the 
desocialization and institutionalization 
of patients who were detained for long 
periods in hospital. 
Inpatient treatment is active and all 
current therapies are used. There are 
no locked doors whatsoever and there 
is no segregation of the sexes. It is not 
an open door policy (though the dours 
are open); it is rather a revolving door 
policy. Sleeping accommodation is in 
rooms of one to four beds. 
The first half of the day (until 
3:00 P.M.) is spent in occupational 
therapy unless the patient is involved 
in specific treatment, such as electro- 
shock treatment. The second half of 
the day is given over to recreational 
therapy. Traditionally, the three to 
eleven shift has been a relatively idle 
one for nurses, but in Weyburn, nurses 
are regarded as essential in the recrea- 
tional program, and it is assumed that 
a nurse will work in recreational thera- 
py (under the supervision of trained 
recreational therapists) unless required 
for some special clinical duty, for 
example looking after a disturbed pa- 
tient. The ability, enthusiasm, and 
flexibility of the nursing staff has been 
most impressive and vital to the suc- 
cess of the program. 


Summary 
The result of all this has been that 
many, many more patients are able 
to live active ordinary lives in their 
community. The disruption to the pa- 
tient and his environment is minimal 
and no longer are we creating that 
distressed person - the chronic, hope- 
less, institutionalized patient - who 
has for so long been one of the worst 
features of psychiatry, however res- 
ponsible psychiatry was for his exist- 
ence. 


Dr. Wright is Regional Director of the 
Weyburn Psychiatric Centre. 0 


JUNE 1967 



Community psychiatric nursing 


A summer day early in 1964 is now looked back on as stork day in the 
Saskatchwan Hospital, Weyburn, as it was at this time that the community 
psychiatric nurse came into being. The growth and development of this new 
health worker is described. 


C. Albert Atkinson, R.P.N. and J. Frank VanKampen, R.P.N. 


The term decentralization as it ap- 
plies to the field of psychiatry was 
used infrequently 25 years ago. Caring 
for the mentally ill other than in a 
centralized location could not be visu- 
I alized. Today the term is used fre- 
quently. Congregation of those suffer- 
ing from mental disorders in a setting 
that takes them long distances away 
from familiar surroundings, family, 
and friends is no longer considered 
desirable. Centralized mental hospitals 
made it necessary for families to travel 
far distances to visit the patients; the 
increased expense and inconvenience 
often caused a loss of contact. As 
treatment of the mentally ill has 
changed, a need for a new kind of 
nursing care has developed. 


A need recognized 
Nine years ago regionalization of 
psychiatric services was proposed. A 
few already established part-time 
mental health clinics located in large 
towns or cities were utilized at first. 
These Mental Health Clinics were 
operated on a part-time basis at first. 
Scarcity of doctors to staff these fa- 
cilities resulted in a somewhat irreg- 
ular service. Doctors were strictly on 
their own and, in some instances, tra- 
veled for many miles to be faced 
upon arrival by large numbers of dis- 
charged patients requiring outpatient 
clinic care, as well as new clients seek- 
ing held. Even though the heavy at- 
tendance was burdensome and frus- 
trating, it was welcome and reward- 
ing since it illustrated that this facility 
was much needed. 
To cope with the growing clinic at- 
tendance and other community prob- 
lems the services of social workers be- 
came essential. Their role was limited, 
however, in some aspects of patient 
care. The desirability of utilizing a psy- 
chiatric nurse was recognized since 
medical and psychiatric treatment de- 
mands the assistance of this profes- 
sional person. Eventually, a complete 
team of doctor, social worker and 
nurse did come about. Now, the addi- 
tion of a psychologist would be wel- 
comed; however, such personnel are in 
short supply. 
By late 1963 decentralized mental 
health clinics were established as es- 


JUNE 1967 


sential in providing the quality out- 
patient care necessary to prevent re- 
admissions to the large mental institu- 
tions. 
Since outpatient services have been 
initiated, hospitals have changed their 
role, too. They no longer must alle- 
viate all symptoms before the patient 
is discharged to the community. Rath- 
er, the clinics and the community can 
help provide satisfactory resettlement 
through support, rehabilitative re- 
sources, and outpatient care. 


Role of the nurse 
The community nurse provides 
quality, continued nursing care that 
helps maintain patients in the com- 
munity. The aim is to have the patient 
become a functioning and producing 
member of society, although the latter 
is not always possible because of 
chronicity, age, and/or physical handi- 
cap. 
Community nursing includes sup- 
porting the patient and helping him to 
adjust. As well, families, foster par- 
ents, employers, and agencies must be 
helped to understand the difficulties 
encountered in making this adjust- 
ment. If one is successful in provid- 
ing this quality of care it undoubtedly 
will result in the patient leading a 
more effective and satisfying way of 
life. It should be helpful here to refer 
to the kind and level of work the 
nurses do and follow this by outlining 
many of their typical duties. 
In general, community nurses per- 
form professional psychiatric nursing 
duties by making home visits and in- 
terviewing patients at mental health 
clinics. They must plan and conduct 
their work with a considerable degree 
of independence; supervision and guid- 
ance is not always available while serv- 
ing in the community so they must 
make decisions independently on the 
needs of the patients for psychiatric 
treatment. 
Community nurses meet with offi- 
cials of public and private welfare 
agencies, families, doctors, employers, 
and others to assist the patient in ad- 
justing in the community. They make 
periodic visits to assigned patients at 
their homes to assess the level of their 
adjustment and to assist them in solv- 


ing problems. They interview patients' 
relatives, guardians, and employers to 
assist in evaluating the patients' adjust- 
ment in the community. They make 
certain that patients are taking the 
prescribed medication or treatments 
as directed and requesting refills of 
drugs as necessary. They maintain a 
record of personal data, medical his- 
tory, prescribed treatment, and medica- 
tion. They supervise and direct group 
therapy programs for day-care patients 
at outpatient clinics. They conduct 
preliminary interviews at the homes of 
persons referred for psychiatric treat- 
ment to help psychiatrists to determine 
if admission to hospital is desirable. 
They provide any required nursing 
services. They attend medical case 
conferences at the hospital to obtain 
background information on patients 
being considered for discharge and 
provide information on patients being 
considered for admission to hospital. 
They prepare and deliver lectures and 
present histories of psychiatric contin- 
ued care cases to student and gradu- 
ate nurses. They prepare data on pa- 
tients moving to other areas so that 
nursing care is uninterrupted. They 
keep complete, concise reports on all 
home visits and advise superiors and 
team members of cases where behavior 
is likely to become critical. 
Community nursing does not imply 
that all duties are performed in the 
field. A percentage of time must be 
spent in the office. Here the nurse 
commences her day. She attends team 
meetings with ward nurses, doctors, so- 
cial workers, occupational and recrea- 
tional therapists to present and dis- 
cuss various aspects of patients' ill- 
nesses, treatment and final disposition. 
There is always paper work. This in- 
cludes recording interviews following 
each scheduled visit with the patient 
and any important incident that might 
occur in between, keeping up-to-date 
records pertaining to prescribed med- 
ications, and preparing lecture mater- 
ial for presentation to other nursing 
personnel and various organizations 
within the catchment area. 
Most community nurses find their 
work preferable to ward nursing. One 
reason is that the community nurse is 
in the position to see the patient at 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 31 



the time of admission to hospital, fol- 
low him through his distressing days, 
observe improvement, and see him re- 
turn to community living and once 
again become a functioning and pro- 
ducing member of society. In short, 
the community nurse is involved in 
treatment from beginning to end. Ward 
nursing on the other hand ends when 
the nurse bids goodbye to her patient. 
She can only think, "I hope he does 
well. " 


Preparation 
For many years now much has been 
said about the shortage of nurses, and 
this condition is aggravated by the in- 
creasing demands on the profession. 
Social psychiatry as it is now practic- 
ed in Saskatchewan will probably re- 
quire more community nurses in the 
near future. Where do these people 
come from, what qualifications do they 
have and where do they obtain their 
training? 
At present all community nurses in 
Saskatchewan are registered psychia- 
tric nurses. They are graduates from 
one of the recognized schools of psy- 
chiatric nursing in the province. They 
qualify for registration by passing Uni- 
versity-set examinations. There are 
three such schools in Saskatchewan: 
the Saskatchewan Hospitals at Wey- 
burn and North Battleford, and the 
Saskatchewan Training School at 
Moose Jaw. 
The course is outlined in the ap- 
proved curriculum of the Saskatche- 
wan Psychiatric Nurses Association 
and consists of approximately 700 
hours of classroom work. It includes 
such subjects as psychiatric nursing, 
psychiatry, psychology, sociology, 
medicine and surgery, medical and 
surgical nursing, nursing arts, emer- 
gency nursing, microbiology and path- 
ology, pharmacology, nutrition, ward 
management, and communicable dis- 
eases, as well as seminars in psychiat- 
ric nursing, group techniques, case 
presentations, and so on. 
In addition, students rotate through 
32 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


various clinical areas, such as psy- 
chotic units, geriatric units, admission 
units, and medical and surgical units 
at the hospitals at Weyburn and North 
Battleford. At the training school at 
Moose Jaw, the educable unit, the 
medical and surgical unit, the pedia- 
tric unit, and the unit of trainable and 
severely retarded patients are used. 
Since 1965 the psychiatric nursing 
course has been compressed into a 27- 
month period; until that time it took 
three full years to complete. Although 
the time required is now less, mini- 
mum classroom hours have increased 
steadily over the years along with the 
expectations placed upon the nurse. 
Roles have become more and more 
complicated and the teaching of more 
basic sciences and skills was thus in- 
evitable. 
Prospective students are carefully 
selected and must have grade 11 Gun- 
ior matriculation}, academic standing, 
but grade 12 (senior matriculation) is 
preferred. Except for the first three 
months, students receive a salary, 
which increases as their education pro- 
gresses. Perhaps this is one reason why 
psychiatric nursing has attracted more 
males than general nursing. Married 
men can earn a living while learning. 
During the first three months stu- 
dents attend classes and provide no 
ward service. They receive a stipend to 
cover the cost of board and room and 
books. Training and education during 
the remaining two years consists of 
from one to four hours per day during 
the lecture term, depending on the 
class year and the school. Part of 
these classes are scheduled within the 
regular working hours, part in the stu- 
dents' own time. Thus, a student may 
put in an eight-hour day followed by, 
or preceded by an hour or two of 
lectures. 


Standards rising 
Actually, psychiatric nursing was 
born in the 1840's at the Hanwell 
Hospital in England, whereas Florence 
Nightingale opened her first school for 


general nurses around 1860. The first 
uniform national system of training 
and certification of any body of nurses 
in any country were those conducted 
for psychiatric nurses, in Britain, 
1891. At first, progress, if any, was 
very slow. 
Curriculum development in Saskat- 
chewan has grown steadily since 1930. 
Psychiatric nursing evolved from a 
three-year course for mental hospital 
employees (usually referred to in those 
days as "attendants"). Teaching was 
primarily designed to provide staff 
with skills to care for and protect pa- 
tients while they were living in the 
hospitals. As the emphasis shifted 
from institutional care to treatment, the 
demands on "attendants" increased. 
The need for more knowledge and skill 
was recognized and as a result a 500- 
hour course in psychiatric nursing was 
inaugurated in 1947. 
The profession was established offi- 
cially on March 25, 1948, when the 
provincial Legislature assented to an 
"Act Respecting The Saskatchewan 
Psychiatric Nurses Association." This 
act entitles graduates from any of the 
recognized schools to write University 
examinations and to register with the 
Saskatchewan Psychiatric Nurses Asso- 
ciation. Since 1950 the nurses in Brit- 
ish Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba, and 
Ontario have also organized profes- 
sional associations. These organiza- 
tions are affiliated under the Canadian 
Council of Psychiatric Nurses. 
The scope of psychiatric nursing has 
expanded with the educational require- 
ments and demands for service. At 
present, psychiatric nurses may enroll 
in university postgraduate courses, 
such as administration, and teaching 
and supervision. They have proven 
themselves adequately qualified in such 
areas as social service work, commun- 
ity recreational services, adjunctive 
therapies, correction work, as well as 
at various levels of nursing in psychia- 
tric wings of general hospitals, psy- 
chiatric centers and mental health 
clinics. 


JUNE 1967 



Summary 
Psychiatric nurses were ready to ful- 
fill the role of the community nurse, 
especially since staff became available 
because of the drastic reduction in the 
number of patients within the institu- 
tions during the last few years. De- 
mands and services in the mental 
health area have changed rapidly and 
the psychiatric nurse has tried to keep 
ahead. 
The curriculum for the training and 
education is undergoing close scrutiny 
once again. No doubt many changes 
will be proposed and, if feasible, in- 
corporated. Although community psy- 
ciatric nurses appear well qualified to 
fill the demands, education in such 
areas as interviewing, counseling, 
group work, and knowledge of com- 
munity agencies must be accelerated, 
thus preparing nurses even better to 
serve society by helping those suffering 
from mental disorders, and by meeting 
the ever increasing and changing de- 
mand for psychiatric services. 


Mr. Atkinson is Supervisor of Commun- 
ity Nursing and Mr. VanKampen is Psy- 
chiatric Nursing Instructor at the Weyburn 
Psychiatric Centre. 0 


JUNE 1967 


Research nursing 
in psychiatry 


"Being different" may result in criticism and ridicule from coworkers - but it 
is an essential characteristic of a research nurse. 


w. Keith Paul, R.P.N. 


The term "research" is often ques- 
tioned and misinterpreted when ap- 
plied to the interpersonal relationships 
that make up psychiatric nursing. Yet 
in its simplest terms research refers to 
any diligent inquiry that proposes to 
find new ideas or that permits the 
examination of old facts with a fresh 
approach. An inquiring mind is all 
that is required. 
This more liberal interpretation has 
much in common with two other 
terms: psychiatry and nursing. All 
three demand close observation, detail- 
ed examination, and careful investiga- 
tion. All are concerned with increasing 
knowledge. 
Unfortunately, psychiatric nursing is 
extremely prone to routine, especially 
in large institutions. This routine is 
sometimes a therapeutic requirement, 
more often it is a facilitation of pro- 
fessional duties, but rarely is it con- 
ducive to increasing knowledge. 
Acceptance of current values and 
customs stabilize a society, be it in a 
psychiatric institution or other fields 
of endeavor - the large mental hos- 
pitals were stable societies for years. 
Only when inquiring minds refuse to 
accept antiquated customs and values 
do changes occur; for example, the 
rapid decrease in the population of the 
Saskatchewan Hospital, when empha- 
sis was placed on community care for 
psychiatric patients, rather than hos- 
pitalization. 


Characteristics 
A research nurse in psychiatry 
should not be routine minded; his ac- 
ceptance of current values and customs 
should only be "to catch his breath." 
The following definition, although 
formulated for the field of education, 
is very appropriate for a research 
nurse: "He should be a liberally edu- 
cated person who has the sociological 
perspective, the moral integrity, and 
the psychological self-sufficiency to be 
different."l This "being different" may 
subject a research nurse to severe 
criticism, verging on ridicule from co- 


workers engaged in more orthodox 
nursing. This makes psychological self- 
sufficiency a strong need. 
The problematic hypothesis is an 
ideal basis for research nursing: "A 
problem exists and is considered re- 
solved when serenity in the situation 
prevails."2 Insight applied to this prob- 
lem solving approach will result in 
change both in the individual and in 
the situation. This in turn may give 
rise to new problems. Without the ap- 
plication of insight, we do not have 
new problems, but we do have recur- 
ring old ones. We may thus summarize 
the function of a research nurse as 
"the gaining and the application of in- 
sight (the inquiring mind and increased 
knowledge) to existing problems. ":i 
With this, progress will evolve, not 
without disappointments, but it will be 
the end result. 


Two kinds of research 
A psychiatric research nurse usually 
will be involved in two kinds of re- 
search, often at the same time. One 
aspect will involve nursing conjunctive 
to medical research. This consists of 
observation and recording; acute 
awareness and accuracy are essential. 
This kind of research is often repeti- 
tious over long periods and offers 
little immediate satisfaction. By the 
time total evaluation is completed, the 
nurse will already be involved in a new 
study. New, really important discover- 
ies are rare, and the part played by 
the nurse is only one of many factors 
involved, the ultimate results being ob- 
tained only by an evaluation of all 
factors. Consequently, in this role one 
cannot expect early recognition and 
must accept the fact that his toils may 
even be a lost contribution in a final 
analysis. 
The second type of research is in 
the area of interpersonal relationships, 
a topic on which volumes have been 
composed, with many roles involved. 
It is difficult to define any role that 
involves a planned course of action to 
produce a predictable and progressive 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 33 



reaction. In this area nursing research 
can be extremely interesting and re- 
warding, being more spontaneous and 
directly related to the role played. 
Special unit needed 
Research involving both these psy- 
chiatric nursing roles has prevailed in 
this hospital for several years. Some- 
times this research was carried out in 
controlled situations, more often it 
was superimposed on existing pro- 
grams. This latter frequently created 
disruptions and resentments, not con- 
ducive to accurate statistical informa- 
tion. Therefore, approximately one 
year ago a small unit of 24 beds spe- 
cific to research was created. 
The patient population for this unit 
was screened, the participants being 
long-standing chronic schizophrenic 
patients who were functioning on a 
severely regressed level. 
The desired staffing ratio was one 
qualified nurse for every five patients. 
To cover days off, shift, and so on, 
approximately 20 staff were required. 
From the previously stated definition 
of a competent research nurse, the 20 
best nurses employed in the institu- 
tion should have been selected. As the 
unit was only semi-autonomous, and 
six other units also required personnel, 
this could not be considered, although 
desired. For the sake of total hospital 
progress and morale, only a few key 
nursing personnel were chosen. Psy- 
chiatric student nurses and psychiatric 
nurse aides held reach the desired staff 
patient ratio. 
Special projects 
To date three projects have been 

nd
rtak.en. 
owever, as the third pro- 
Ject IS still gomg on, only the first two 
can be described here. 
The first four months were devoted 
to a study on the effects of intensive 
therapy. Each patient was required to 
participate actively for 14 hours each 
day. The activity was directed to three 
main areas: personal care, work train- 
ing, and recreation - all directed to- 
34 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


ward promoting social skills. Medical 
care was regulated to conform with the 
activation of the patient. 
The second project was a three- 
month drug study, more or less a re- 
versal of the first study. Medical eval- 
uation was in the fore, and nursing 
and social activity was somewhat rou- 
tine; this allowed a more conclusive 
evaluation of the drug, as changes 
could more readily be attributed to it, 
as against changes produced by nurs- 
ing action. 
When we look at these two projects, 
we can readiJy see the two types of roles 
of a research nurse. The first project 
was predominately regulated by nursing 
action and the second project was pre- 
dominately conjunctive nursing in med- 
ical research. On comparison, strictly 
from a nursing viewpoint, the first 
project was the most productive for 
nurses; patient evaluation indicated 
greater progress; and the morale and 
interest of staff were higher. (This 
should in no way suggest greater value 
of either type of research.) 


1r 
. 




-.,

.. -- 


ï 


.... 


The results, after one year in oper- 
ation, although gratifying, are below 
the realm of possible achievements. 
This failure was influenced by two 
main factors. The first was a negative 
reaction by workers on other units 
toward the research unit. The second 
factor was caused by a degree of staff 
insecurity throughout the hospital be- 
cause of the rapid decrease in patient 
population. Any degree of insecurity 
on the part of the staff would reflect 
on their performance in this area and 
conceivably influence the research re- 
sults. 
This leads to a final comment - an 
effective research nurse must have two 
basic characteristics, a strong sense of 
security and dedication to the profes- 
sion. 


References 
I. Affleck, A.F. what attitudinal biases 
should characterize professorial recrea- 
tional leadership? J. Canad. Assoc. for 
Hlth, Physical Educ. and Recreation. 
May 1958, p. 21. 
2. Thelen, Herbert A. Dynamics of Groups 
at Work, Chicago. University of Chica- 
go, 1963, p. 244. 
3. Ibid. 


Mr. Paul is head nurse on the research 
unit at the Saskatchewan Hospital. Weyburn. 
o 


,UNE 1967 



Until recently, the responsibility for 
the care of the sick in the small coun- 
try of Malawi, Central Africa, fell on a 
nucleus of nursing sisters, mostly Eur- 
opean, and on a group of medical 
assistants, native Malawians who had 
trained in mission and government 
hospitals. 
On July 10, 1965, the National 
School of Nursing was officially open- 
ed at Blantyre, by the government 
of Malawi. Considering the economy 
of Malawi and the country's need for 
development in many areas, this action 
was indeed far-sighted. 
The aim of the school is to give its 
students a broad, general education, 
an aim that is consistent with the needs 
of the country. The school uses the 
facilities of the Queen Elizabeth Hos- 
pital, on whose grounds it stands; 
since its inception, however, it has 
been developed as an independent en- 
tity, with the senior tutor directly res- 
ponsible to the matron-in-chief who 
functions at ministry level. The stu- 
dents are all residents and their ac- 
commodation is reasonable. 


Plans take shape 
The senior tutor arrived from Eng- 
land in October, 1964 to begin work 
on the syllabus and to collabarate with 
the matron-in-chief to produce a 
Nurse's Act that would establish the 
Nurses' and Midwives' Council for 
Malawi. The school now has a senior 
tutor, two clinical instructors and three 
other tutors. Recently, a midwifery tu- 
JUNE 1967 


Nursing education 
in Malawi 


The curriculum of the new National School of Nursing in 8lantyre, Malawi, 
is designed to encourage independent and creative thinking. 


lohn R. Monaghan 
tor joined the staff to develop plans 
for midwifery training based on the 
British pattern. She also will organize 
the midwifery experience of students 
who are in the basic program. 
In planning the education of Malawi 
students, we had to determine what 
would be expected of the graduate 
nurse: Would she hold a position of 
responsibility? Would she work in 
central hospitals or in the smaller, dis- 
trict hospitals? Would she be asked to 
assume responsibilities in administra- 
tion, public health, or teaching? The 
original planning also was influenced 
by the number of potential students, 
and the nature of their education and 
home background. 
One thing was certain: The pro- 
gram had to fulfill the needs of Malawi 
and, at the same time, offer a high 
standard of professional and social 
education. 


Three-year program 
The program at the National School 
of Nursing is three and one-half years 
in length. Apart from the final ex- 
amination, which is set by the Nurses' 
and Midwives' Council, all examina- 
tions are conducted by the school. 
Selected candidates enter a twelve- 
week introductory course that includes 
four weeks' practical experience. The 
first seven weeks of the program in- 


Mr. Monaghan is Senior Tutor at the 
National School of Nursing in Blantyre, 
Malawi. 


clude orientation and introductory talks, 
plus light, factual programs in first 
aid, biology, personal health, and nurs- 
ing. One day per week is spent on the 
wards. The terminal examination is 
held during the twelfth week. 
Successful candidates are then eligi- 
ble for registration as students. They 
begin a part of the program termed 
"elementary course," which is given 
during a one-month block period. A 
minimum of ten lectures is allotted 
to each subject: medical and surgical 
nursing; microbiology; nutrition; phar- 
macology; psychology; epidemiology; 
and pathology. 
During this one-month period, a 
program of liberal studies is presented. 
Guest speakers meet the students for 
talks and discussions on topics such 
as the United Nations Organization, 
the World Health Organization, the 
functions of the British Council and 
United States Information Services, the 
history of medical and nursing services 
in Malawi, and the use of statistics. 
The material covered in the elemen- 
tary courses acquaints the students 
with many of the basic facts and con- 
cepts of nursing through demonstra- 
tions of their use in curative or pre- 
ventive nursing. 
In medical-surgical nursing, the body 
systems are taught according to the 
following plan: 
1. Physiology of the system, togeth- 
er with its anatomy. 
2. Surgical and medical conditions 
including communicable diseases. 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 35 



3. Appropriate nursing procedures. 
4. Preventive, social and epidemio- 
logical aspects of the disease, when 
these apply. I 
5. Related pharmacology. 
6. Therapeutics, including problems 
of rehabilitation and occupation. 
7. Diagnostic investigations. 
8. Nutritional problems and diet- 
ary treatment of the conditions. 
9. Psychological causes, implica- 
tions and complications. 
Each system is covered in six 
weeks: The first week requires fulltime 
school attendance and the remaining 
five, one or two study days per week, 
depending upon the amount of time 
needed. Thus, the students begin their 
study of medical-surgical nursing 
early in the first year of training. 
This plan is applied to other systems 
and can also be applied successfully to 
more specialized areas, such as geria- 
trics, pediatrics, and otorhinolaryngo- 
logy. During the six-week periods, re- 
lated areas of knowledge also can be 
included. For example, the study of 
the genitourinary system would include 
gynecology, urology, and venereal dis- 
eases. 
To broaden the practical experience 
of students, specific periods of time 
and curricula are alloted to midwifery, 
psychiatric nursing and public health. 
Midwifery experience covers a period 
of three months, psychiatric nursing, 
one month. The last three months of 
training are devoted to hospital and 
ward administration, elementary theory 
36 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


.... 


- 


\, ... 


. 


" 


JUNE 1967 



of education, and practical teaching of 
procedures. . 
Examinations include the termmal 
examination at the end of the intro- 
ductory course; the intermediate exam- 
ination 18 months after the intro- 
ductory course; and the final examina- 
tion in the 39th month. 


Recruitment 
Interviews are arranged through a 
central recruiting body called the 
Public Service Commission. The senior 
tutor and another staff member join 
the Board to select candidates. Appli- 
cants must be young women of 18 
years of age and must have a pass in 
the Senior Cambridge School Certifi- 
cate or three passes in the General 
Certificate of Education at Ordinary 
Level, one of which should be in 
English. 
At present, the school can admit 30 
students per year; to date, 40 students 
are enrolled. Residential accommoda- 
tion is the problem at present, but by 
the end of the current year this will 
be solved and the student body will be 
increased to 90 by June of 1967. 


School has control 
The school has absolute control over 
the students' experience; the staff al- 
locate clinical assignements in the hos- 
pital wards and departments, for day 
and night duty. This allows individual 
programing for each student during 
the entire training period. When a 
student's program has been arranged, 
it is her responsibility to see that it 
is carried out. She must inform the 
wards and departments of the dates 
and periods of her experience. 


On the wards 
Nursing procedures are demonstrat- 
ed on the ward by a nurse tutor or 
clinical instructor. Students carry out 
only those procedures that have been 
demonstrated and practiced under su- 
pervision. Problems rarely arise, be- 
cause the ward sister has a copy of the 
syllabus and is kept informed of the 
students' practical progress. 
Clinical teaching periods of one 
hour are carried out in the wards each 
afternoon. Discussion about a selected 
patient includes the salient points of 
his illness and its cause; the normal 
physiology of the affected organ or 
system; problems related to nursing 
care; the medical treatment, including 
drugs and social problems; and the 
difficulties of rehabilitation. 


Many problems 
Most students entering the introduc- 
tory course are almost completely un- 
prepared for this type of program. 
JUNE 1967 


Their note-taking is poor and they 
have little idea of the use of textbooks, 
whether they be standard or reference. 
It is sometimes difficult to believe that 
these students have had secondary 
school education; perhaps it would be 
more correct to say that they have 
been exposed to a secondary school 
education, in which the emphasis is 
on examination and not education. 
rt must be remembered that English 
is the second language for these stu- 
dents. Since their vocabulary is small, 
their comprehension is limited. 
Our objective is to provide a degree 
of intellectual independence that will 
serve as a useful base in the student's 
future professional life. This means 
that students are responsible for their 
own learning. We encourage them to 
teach themselves, to be critical - but 
not necessarily to criticize - and to 
think for themselves, rather than ac- 
cept the "established" without ques- 
tion. 
Our students have many major ad- 
justments to make when they enter the 
school. They must accustom them- 
selves to the classroom, the wards, and 
the residence. For many, the behavior 
expected of them is unlike anything 
they previously have encountered. 
In the introductory course, teach- 
ing is by lecture, mainly because stu- 
dents feel more secure with this meth- 
od. Since they already have many 
adjustments to make, it seems pointless 
to upset them further by introducing a 
method of teaching that is foreign to 
them. 
In the elementary courses, talks, dis- 
cussions, and synopses of their obser- 
vations on field trips are introduced. 
This is the first step away from stereo- 
typed lecture-teaching. When studies 
on general medicine and surgery of a 
system are started, another step toward 
self-teaching is taken: Certain lectures 
are omitted and group work is intro- 
duced. Prior to this, the use of text 
and reference books has been taught. 
From each group of 18 students, six 
who show a facility with English leave 
the lecture-room and, under the guid- 
ance of a tutor, begin discussion and 
independent note-taking on the topic 
being taught. This division of the class, 
although not good, continues until the 
six students reach a stage of proficien- 
cy and security in the new learning 
process. This stage begins when the 
students appear less anxious about 
their note-taking, and more interested 
in discussing the topic. Their questions 
in discussions are better thought out, 
and more direct; there is an improve- 
ment in their English and a more ma- 
ture attitude to learning. 
At this point the six students are 


reunited with the group. Each assumes 
the responsibility for teaching two of 
her colleagues. The tutor's function, 
after outlining the salient points, is 
merely to supervise and allow the stu- 
dents to proceed independently. To- 
ward the end of the lecture, discussion 
is promoted and students are encour- 
aged to air their difficulties. Recently, 
projects have been introduced on a 
variety of topics in which the students, 
with supervision and support, have 
begun independent inquiries. This is 
another step in the supervised teach- 
yourself program. 
By the end of the year, students who 
started in July, 1965, will be subjected 
to a minimum number of lectures, but 
a maximum number of tutorials and 
discussions. These students have indi- 
cated, in their more relaxed moments, 
that this path is difficult and painful. 


Signs of progress 
The students' progress has been 
quite remarkable. Especially pleasing 
is their increased maturity and self- 
discipline. 
What of the future? All avenues 
within the profession are open to them, 
and some thought has been given to 
forms of higher education. It is pos- 
sible that after two years' postgraduate 
experience some of these students will 
enter the local Polytechnic to 
gain university entrance qualifications. 
Then, thev could take a degree course 
at the University of Malawi. 0 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 37 



How many public health nurses in 
Canada have had public health prepa- 
ration? Nobody really knows - be- 
cause no studies have ever been done. 
An Ontario study, just completed 
and still in the reporting stage, has en- 
tered the void, however, and could 
provide guidelines for further studies 
in other provinces or at the national 
level. 
The Ontario Department of Health 
has recently completed a census of 
community health nursing personnel, 
including all nurses and registered 
nursing assistants, employed within the 
broad field of public health in the 
province. For the purpose of this first 
census. public health work was broadly 
defined and related to function - for 
example, registered nurses who carry 
out the functions of health teaching 
and counseling. [t included all person- 
nel and not only those with prepara- 
tion in public health nursing. 
Miss Isabel Black, nursing consul- 
tant, Research and Planning Branch, 
Ontario Department of Health, was 
principal investigator. She discussed 
the results in an interview with THE 
CANADIAN NURSE staff during the Con- 
vention of the Canadian Public Health 
Association in Ottawa April 25-27. 
"Some of our findings were a little sur- 
prising," she said. "And it will be a 
great advantage to have facts, instead 
of just suppositions, to support re- 
quests to employers and government 
departments. " 


Pilot study 
. The Ontario study is, in a way, a 
pilot project. Such a census had been 
.suggested for the whole of Can'ada, but 
funds were not available. Now that 
O!"tario has developed a questionnaire 
with acco
panying instructions, as 
well as designed a method for tabulat- 
ing the data, it is possible that the 
study either could become a national 
study, or be carried out quite easily by 
individual provinces. 
The purpose of the census was to 
evaluate the adequacy in numbers and 
in educational preparation of nurses at 
all levels, both fun and part-time. Data 
was also obtained on numbers of nurs- 
ing assistants. A third objective was to 
use the information received to plan 
for recruitment and educational pre- 
38 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Public health project 
in Ontario 


Certificate/Diploma 
in Public Healrh 
Nursing 
42.2% 


Advanced 
Certificate 
in P.H. Nursing 
3.9% 


University 
Preparation other 
than Public Health 
0.7% 


POOl-basic 
Baccalaureate 
Degree 
5.8% 


paration of nursing personnel who are 
needed for present and future com- 
munity health programs. The study in- 
cluded all agencies who employ public 
health nurses - both official and un- 
official agencies. 
A newly released statement by the 
Canadian Public Health Association A 
Statement of Functions and Qualifica- 
tions for the Practice of Puhlic Health 
Nursing in Canada, clearly states what 
is desirable in preparation of person- 
nel. This should be helpful in compar- 
ing what Ontario has with what it 
should have. 
The Ontario study had a 99.2 per- 
cent return; 704 of a possible 706 
agencies replied to the questionnaire, 
and the two missing agencies employed 
only one nurse each. An official, non- 
official, visiting nurse (VON, St. Eli- 
zabeth), and occupational health agen- 
cies, and the Children's Aid Societies 
were included. This involved every in- 


Highest Academic Qualification 
of 3,254 Nursing Personnel 
Employed Full-Time or Part- 
Time for Public Health Work, 
Ontario, November 30, 1966 


Registered Nurses 
Diploma Programme 
38.5% 


Besie 
Baccalaureate 
Degree 
5.2% 


Graduate 
Degree 
0.3% 


Registered 
Nursing 
Assistant, 
3.4% 


dividual engaged in public health work 
in the province, (qualified or unqua- 
lified). The study reported on 3,142 
registered nurses (2,641 full-time; 501 
part-time) and 112 registered nursing 
assistants (103 full-time; 9 part-time). 
Instructions for completing the ques- 
tionnaires were detailed, and wen-ex- 
plained. For example, the study did 
not request use of agency titles, but 
stated: "Regardless of the titles used 
within you
 agency, for the pur- 
pose of this census you should 
review the duties of the nursing 
staff in light of the actual func- 
tions they perform." The instruc- 
tion sheet then defined the functions in 
each category. 


Results - expected and unexpected 
Questionnaires sent to nurses-in- 
charge of community health agencies 
asked them to specify highest educa- 
tional preparation and positions of all 


JUNE 1%7 



The line of people who would like to have some facts about Canadian nursing forms to the left - and is a long, long 
lineup. Now, however, a study on the educational preparation of public health nurses in Ontario will help fill the void. 


NURSING PERSONNEL EMPLOYED FOR PUBLIC HEALTH WORK BY PLACE 
OF EMPLOYE NT AND POSITION HElD ONTARIO, NOVEMBER 30, 1%6 


POSITION HELD 
PLACE OF Staff Staff Consultant Consultant Registered 
EMPLOYMENT Director Supervisor Nurse Nurse Generalized Specialized Nursing Assistant 
or or TOTAL 
Assistant ASlisfan' NURSES 
Full Time Part Time Full Time Part Time Full Tim. Part Time Full Tim. Part Tim. 
Official Health Agencies 61 67 1,081 227 9 0 12 0 1,457 61 5 
Boards of Education 5 1 81 34 3 0 0 0 124 0 0 
Visiting Nursing 
Associations. 23 29 335 85 5 2 1 0 480 14 0 
Occupational Health 23 54 651 136 0 0 0 0 864 28 0 
Other Non-Official 
Agencies 11 9 69 14 0 0 1 1 105 0 4 
Children's Aid 
Societies 0 11 99 2 0 0 0 0 112 0 0 
TOTAL 123 171 2,316 498 17 2 14 1 3,142 103 9 
*Victoricn Order of Nurses 
St. Elizabeth Visiting Nurses' Association, Toronto 
St. Elizabeth Visiting Nurses' Association, Hamilton 


staff, full or part-time. Results indi- 
cated that 59.3 percent of all nurses 
had some public health qualification. 
"It is conceivable that this is a high- 
er percentage than in other provinces," 
Miss Black said. "Ontario law speci- 
fied that nurses working with the pub- 
lic in official health agencies must be 
prepared in public health." The study 
showed that 87 percent of nurses in 
official agencies had public health 
training. The remaining 13 percent 
who do not have public health prepa- 
ration perform activities that do not 
require it; they work under the direc- 
tion of the supervisor of public health 
nursing. Ontario is the only province 
that has this requirement. 
Ten nurses (0.3 percent) employed 
in public health in Ontario have had 
preparation at the master's level. 
Of the 3,142 nurses working in the 
public health field in Ontario, 842 
nurses - over one-quarter - are em- 
JUNE 1%7 


ployed in occupational health. These 
842 nurses are employed by 407 em- 
ployers, indicating that these nurses 
work in small isolated groups apart 
from the mainstream of community 
nursing. "This group of nurses shows 
the highest percentage of nurses at the 
basic diploma level of preparation," 
said Miss Black. "Yet these nurses in 
their work with the family bread- 
winner make a major contribution to 
community health. A study is now un- 
derway on the functions and activities 
of these occupational health nurses," 
she added. 
Children's Aid Societies also em- 
ploy a high percentage of diploma 
graduates (83 out of 112). Boards of 
Education have the highest percentage 
of graduates from baccalaureate pro- 
grams - 24.5 percent; the Victorian 
Order of Nurses is second highest with 
19.5 percent. Miss Black believes that 
the VON's early program of granting 


bursaries to degree candidates may be 
related to this higher percentage. Gov- 
ernment bursaries for the degree 
courses in public health nursing were 
not available until 1965 - after the 
recommendations of the Hall Royal 
Commission Report. 
The study began October 3, 1966; 
thus it was completed in only six 
months. Miss Black's committee in- 
cluded: Miss C. Gray, Dr. E.N. Mac- 
Kay, Miss C. Maddaford, Miss A. 
Sayers, Miss S. Wallace, Mrs. L. Gra- 
ham-Cumming (CNA representative). 
Mrs. M. Outtier was field secretary for 
the project. 
Tables supplied by Miss Isabel Black. 
These have been prepared for the study and 
will appear in the complete report to be re- 
leased later this year. An article on the 
study will be submitted to the Canadian 
Journal of Public Health. 0 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 39 



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40 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


JUNE 1967 



idea 
exchange 


Infant Seat for Fowler's Position 
Wise use of existing equipment is 
made by staff at The Children's Hos- 
pital of Winnipeg. Recognizing that 
small infants who cannot sit up and 
are confined to crib still need visual 
stimulation, they make judicious use 
of the Infant Seat. 
Further, children with respiratory 
difficulty often should be placed in 
semi-Fowler's position - especially 
during croupette or steam treatments. 
The plastic. easily-cleaned, light- 
weight comfortable seats are ideal for 
the job. 


Scoot - Abouts 
Young children in body casts or hip 
spica for long periods are usually of 
necessity confined to a boring exist- 
ence flat in their crib. 
Not so at The Children's Hospital 
?f Winnipeg. There they not only join 
In games on the floor, they are mobile, 
too. 
An ingenious Y -shaped padded 
board on small caster wheels was de- 
vised in the hospital carpentry shop at 
the suggestion of nurses. Children in 
hip spica, or even ordinary leg casts, 
are strapped onto this cart and are 
able to push themselves around with 
their hands on the floor. 


Head Halter 
Patients can be positioned comfort- 
ably when sitting up in a chair by 
supporting them with pillows, but it is 
often difficult to maintain this. Pa- 
tients tire quickly and slump down so 
they look most uncomfortable. 
To overcome this problem a head 
halter has been devised at the Neuro- 
surgical Unit of Toronto General Hos- 
pital to hold the head upright. They 
have used it with much success. The 
halter not only holds the head erect 
but also enables the patient to support 
his head independently at an earJier 
stage in his convalescence. 
The halter is made of a white nylon 
material lined with flannelette. It is 
both washable and durable. The chin 
strap is contoured to fit comfort- 
ably. Straps extend upwards from 
the chin strap. These can be adjusted 
to fit snugly over the head and are 
held in place by Velcro tape. The 
straps extend back from the fore- 
head, are adjusted to fit snugly around 
the head and are held in place by 
Velcro tape. The head is held in place 
by tie tapes attached to either side 
of the halter. The method of attach- 
ment will vary with the type of chair 
used; there should always be a straight 
pull to give the support needed to 
keep the head upright. 


X-ray Express 
An "Express Train" is used to 
transport children from the ward to 
x-ray. physiotherapy or laboratory de- 
partments at the Joseph Brant Memor- 
ial Hospital, Burlington, Ontario. It 
has been received with much delight. 
The children enjoy riding in it and it 
is a novel and safe experience as com- 
pared to some wheelchair and stretch- 
er accommodation for children; they 
certainly seem to feel safe in it. The 
staff have found that children enjoy a 
trip to any department and do not 
hesitate to hop in for their ride. It is 
explained to them that "they are going 
to have pictures taken," or some such 
description, but they do not question 
this. 
The "Express Train" was made in 
the hospital's carpentry shop with the 
ingenious ideas of the maintenance 
staff. Staff had seen something similar 
advertised, but quite different in de- 
sign. The front of the train is painted 
bright red, the cabin is black with 
gold edging and gold paint on the bell 
and smoke stack. 
There have been very favorable 
comments from parents and doctors. It 
has now been in use for approximately 
eight months and seems to be a very 
valuable addition to ward equipment. 
The only major problem has been 
to keep it from becoming a plaything. 


The Canadian Nurse is always delighted to hear from readers with a "better idea." Send yours to share with your nursing colleagues. 


JUNE 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 41 



An attitude may be defined, follow- 
ing Thurstone (1946) as the degree 
of positive or negative effect associated 
with some psychological object. This 
article is concerned with the attitutk 
of nurses to nursing: for it, the concept 
"nursing" is considered a complex one, 
denoting such things as the role of the 
nurse and her relationship to the doc- 
tor and to the patient; nursing edu- 
cation programs; and the organiza- 
tional structures within the profession. 
It can be expected that the attitudes 
of any particular group of people to 
a psychological object will be related 
to that group's belief concerning the 
object. This article, therefore, also con- 
cerns itself with such matters as nurses' 
perceptions of their role. The attitude 
of any particular group to a psycholog- 
ical object can also be expected to 
be influenced by any common personal- 
ity traits among the members. For this 
reason it is also necessary to consider 
personality traits of nurses. 


In 1960, the Canadian Nurses' As- 
sociation reported that one-fifth of all 
withdrawals from Canadian schools of 
nursing was attributable to "a dislike 
for nursing" on the part of the student 
nurses. The association also reported 
that both the number and percentage 
of students who withdrew for this rea- 
son have increased steadily since 1951. 
This same dislike of nursing appears 
to be an important factor in relation 
to withdrawals from nursing after grad- 
uation, according to studies. l 
42 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Attitudes of nurses 
. 
to nursing 


C. G. Costello, Ph.D. 



4 


Dr. Costello is Professor of Psychology, 
the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta. 


Why should so many young people 
who have enthusiastically embraced 
the idea of nursing as a career discover 
that, in practice, they do not like it? 
There are many contributing aspects 
in::luding the personality of the stu- 
dent, the nature of the educational pro- 
cess, and the nature of nursing prac- 
tice. Competent researchers and obser- 
vers have examined various phases of 


the complex background to the situa- 
tion and, taken collectively, their find- 
ings indicated that there may indeed 
be a conflict between what the student 
nurse hopes and expects to find in 
nursing practice and what she actually 
does find. If this is the situation, a fur- 
ther conclusion would be that the rela- 
tionship between the educational pro- 
cesses and the practice of nursing 
would be a rewarding field of research. 
Two basic and undesirable possibili- 
ties are inherent in this situation. Un- 
necessary turnover in personnel - or 
"drop-outs" to use a current term - 
is expensive to the individual and to 
the profession. The other possibility 
emerges from the fact that because 
of the nature of the work done by 
nurses, job satisfaction is probably 
more important than in most other 
professions. A critical degree of dislike 
may be necessary to impel a nurse to 
leave the profession; but a lesser de- 
gree of dislike may well inhibit high 
standards of nursing praftice. 
In the light of this, it appears ap- 
parent that the profession should seek 
the causes of the dislike of nursing 
exhibited by so many people who, by 
nature and instinct, believed they 
would enjoy nursing. In some respects 
the path to the necessary conclusions 
is already well marked. 
In 1963, George Van:! reported the 
somewhat startling finding that those 
student nurses who liked nursing best 
were rated by supervisors as being 
poorest in practical aspects of nursing. 
JUNE 1967 



Conversely, those students who disliked 
nursing most were rated as being best 
in practical aspects of nursing. 
Van's interpretation of these results 
was that the more intelligent students 
are bored by repetitive work routines 
and consequently tend to develop neg- 
ative attitudes toward nursing. These 
intelligent students, despite their atti- 
tudes, are able to do their work bet- 
ter than the other students. Van sug- 
gests that his interpretation is given 
some support by Dr. Weir's report 3 
in 1932 that the median level of intel- 
ligence of groups of student nurses in 
Canada decreases progressively from 
the first to the third year, indicating 
apparently that the more intelligent 
students drop out before completing 
the course. 
Other research data tend to s.upport 
Van's interpretation. Olesen and Da- 
vis 4 found that young student nurses 
believed originality and creativity and 
frequent innovation to be attributes of 
the ideal nurse. As they approached 
graduation they acquired a strong 
aversion to the bureaucratic portions 
of nursing practice. Brodt's investiga- 
tion:l indicated that the neophyte nurse 


envisions and expects more responsi- 
bility and autonomy than the nursing 
supervisor permits. 
The findings of Smith tl suggest that 
one of the reasons for the conflict be- 
tween a nurse's expectation and the 
exp
ctations of her supervisor arises 
because of the discrepancies in the 
perceptions of nursing held by head 
nurses and nursing educators. Head 
nurses, unlike nursing educators, tend- 
ed to emphasize things such as con- 
forming behavior, obedience, coopera- 
tion. 
These conflicts between the ideal 
and real roles of nurses have been 
highlighted in relation to psychiatric 
nurses. Field and Pierce-Jones 7 found 
that student nurses, staff nurses, and 
instructors considered giving suppor- 
tive emotional care the most important 
aspect of the psychiatric nurse's role; 
but they also found that administration 
and supervision took up most of the 
nurse's time. 


Personality of nurse 
In a profession where human rela- 
tionships between the practitioner and 
the patient are of dominant importance, 


- 
Table I - "0::::- VI - 
"0 
 - \0 VI "0- 
e
 ê \0 e\O "00\ \0 eN 
"'- 0\ "'0\ e- 0\ ",\0 
"'.c- E
 - "'- - 0\ 
e

 - ...- 
- e- - 
!j
 4)'-" 
"'...... 0\ 4)0\ .J 4)", e -5N 
.... "S 
 
- "04) e4) 
1;5- u_ u "0_ 
] 4) et:: 
=' 4) 4)'" .c >.4) 
Ztn N 4) ø:: u .S:! 0 00 
ø:: tn 
 U 
Achievement - - - - 
Deference + + + + + 
Order + + - + + + 
Exhibition - - - 
Autonomy - - - - - - - 
Affiliation - - - 
Introceptio:l. - - + 
Succorance + - - 
Dominance - - - - - 
Abasement + + + 
N urturance + + + 
Change - - 
Endurance + + + + + + 
Heterosexuality 
 
- - 
Aggression + - + + - 


The I"esults. of studies of the pel"sonality of nUl"ses when compal"ed with 
those of female coUege graduates. A plus (+) sign indicates that DUl'ses 
have siwüficantly mOl"e of the particulal" need than coUege graduates. 
A negative (-) sign indicates that they have significantly less of a need. 
JUNE 1967 


it is inevitable that the personality 
of the nurse will influence her response 
to the practice of nursing. If it can be 
demonstrated that nurses have certain 
personality traits in common, this fact 
will be of importance in relation to 
the attitudes of nurses to nursing. 
Much of the work on the personal- 
ity of nurses has involved the use of 
Edward's Personal Preference Sched- 
ule. 8 This personality test measures 
the needs in 15 areas. The need areas 
are listed below with a short descrip- 
tion. 


1. Achieve11U!nt 
Need to do a difficult job well 
2. Deference 
Need to conform to custom 
3. Order 
Need to have things organized 
4. Exhibition 
Need to be the center of at- 
traction 
5. Autonomy 
Need to be independent of 
others in making decisions 
6. Affiliation 
Need to form strong attach- 
ments 
7. lntroception 
Need- to analyze motives for 
action 
8. Succorance 
Need for affection 
9. Dominance 
Need to supervise and direct 
action of others 
10. Abasement 
Need to give in and avoid fights 
11. N urturance 
Need to help others 
12. Change 
Need to do new things 
13. Endurance 
Need to complete a job under- 
taken 
14. Heterosexuality 
Need to be involved with 
members of the opposite sex 
15. Aggression 
Need to attack contrary points 
of view. 


Most of the work has compared nurses 
with female college graduates. The re- 
sults of this work are summarized in 
Table I. 


The most striking thing about these 
findings is that five out of the seven 
studies indicate that nurses have a grea- 
ter need for deference than female col- 
lege graduates and have less need for 
dominance. Six of the seven studies in- 
dicate that they have less need for au- 
tonomy and a greater need for endur- 
ance. Five of the seven studies indi- 
cate a greater need for order, but there 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 43 



is one study that reports a lesser need 
for order on the part of nurses so 
that it is as well to leave this finding 
in the "doubtful" category. 
These studies indicate that nurses 
want to conform to custom and have 
no strong desire to act independently 
or supervise the work of others. They 
also want to get on with a job until it 
is completed. 
There is no evidence to suggest that 
nurses are being frustrated in their 
work situation with regard to the com- 
pletion of jobs - at least no more 
so than others - so that one cannot 
say much more about their high need 
for endurance. 
It has been established that the stu- 
dent nurse thinks of nursing as a pro- 
fession in which demands on originality 
are made and in which there is little 
bureaucracy. However, head nurses ap- 
pear to de-emphasize such originality 
and want the nurse to work under 
close supervision. What is surprising is 
that the personality of nurses would 
seem to fit in with the head nurses' 
expectations and with what appear to 
be the reality of the nursing situation. 
Healey and Borg 9 , using the Guilford 
Martin Personnel Inventory, also found 
evidence of the submissiveness of 
nurses. 
There is also evidence that these 
conclusions may in fact be an over- 
simplification of a complex situation. 
Other researchers, Garrison,IO Gry- 
grier,ll and Gynther and Gertz,12 
found that those who were rated as 
good student nurses by the supervisors 
had more dominant personalities than 
those rated poorly. 
To recapitulate: Evidence indicates 
that student nurses obtain from their 
educators an image of a nurse as an 
original thinker and an innovator. The 
increasing emphasis on a liberal educa- 
tion for student nurses will probably 
strengthen the image. During the time 
a nurse is a student, dominant behav- 
ior would appear to be an asset. 
Probably at this stage, dominance will 
express itself in situations such as 
group discussions rather than in prac- 
tical decision-making. When the stu- 
dents graduate, they take positions 
that demand conformity, rather than 
originality. Dominance and autonomy 
will now be undesirable traits. As a 
group, nurses do not show these lat- 
ter traits. Why is this? 
Is it because most of the dominant 
original thinkers will have left, leaving 
a few dominant original ones who 
will take the senior positions in nurs- 
ing? Or do nurses mould their person- 
alities to fit in with the expectations of 
their supervisors? 
That the second alternative may be 
the correct one is suggested by the 
44 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


finding of Morrisonl:i that nursing 
students who show in their self-reports 
a greater commitment to the nursing 
profession also show a greater con- 
cordance between their perception of 
their own personalities and their per- 
ception of a typical nurse than did 
those students with a lesser commit- 
ment to nursing. Kilbrick and Tiede- 
man 14 have also found that during 
a period of adjustment, a tenant of 
any position will attempt a restruc- 
turing of the position or the self so 
that they both fit. 
Whatever the interpretation of these 
findings it seems quite clear that there 
is a problem demanding intensive in- 
vestigation and research. 
If a selection process is occurring 
that leads less dominant students to 
remain in nursing, then nursing edu- 
cators will have to alter their aims and 
place less emphasis on innovation and 
originality of thought. This is so, be- 
cause if nurses generally lack domin- 
ance, the educators' aims cannot be 
realized. Furthermore, the nurse in 
many cases will be impressed by the 
image presented to her by the nursing 
educators and if, for personality rea- 
sons, she does not fit the image well, 
she is likely to be discontented. 
On the other hand, such a selection 
process may not be going on. It may 
be that a different process is occurring: 
Students have been presented with an 
image of a relatively autonomous orig- 
inal thinker and have been rewarded 
for such behavior as a student; this 
is followed by a position in which 
these attributes are neither expected 
nor rewarded. This results in the stu- 
dent having to acquire less dominant 
behaviors. Once again, many nurses 
can be expected to be unhappy be- 
cause by the time they reach gradua- 
tion age any changes in their persona- 
lity that they can effect are bound to 
be superficial ones. 
In professions that may involve 
emergency situations, such as the arm- 
ed forces, considerable amount of obe- 
dience and conformity may be requir- 
ed. Is such obedience and conformity, 
therefore, essential to nursing where 
life may be at stake? In other words, 
are nursing supervisors being more 
realistic than nursing educators? Does 
it depend on the particular area of 
nursing? It would seem that agree- 
ment must be reached on the kind of 
person a nurse must be and what 
kind of role she must fill. Selection 
and education would then be able to 
proceed on a more realistic basis. 


References 
I. Diamond, Lorraine K. and Fox, David 
J. Turnover among hospital staff nurses. 
Nurs. Outlook Vol. 6, July. 1958. 


2. Van, George. Nursing attitudes. Canad. 
Hosp. 40:41-43, July, 1963. 
3. Weir, G. M. Survey of Nursing in 
Canada. Toronto, The University of 
Toronto Press. 1932. 
4. Olesen, V.L. & Davis, F. Baccalaureate 
students' images of nursing. Nurs. Res. 
15:151-158, 1966. 
5. Brodt, D. E. The neophyte nurse: a 
role expectation study. Nurs. Res. 13: 
255-258, 1964. 
6. Smith, K. M. Discrepancies in the role 
- specific values of head nurses and 
nursing educators. N urs. Res. 14: 196- 
202, 1965. 
7. Field, W. E. and Pierce-Jones, J. Role 
perception and acquisition in psychiatric 
nursing. Nurs. Res. 16:61-66, 1967. 
8. Edwards, A. L. Edwards Personal 
Preference Schedule. New York. Psy- 
chological Corporation, 1959. 
9. Healey, I. & Borg, W. R. The voca- 
tional interests of nurses and nursing 
students. J. Educ. Res. 46:347-352, 
1953. 
10. Garrison, K. C. The use of psycholog- 
ical tests in the selection of student 
nurses. J. Appl. Psychol. 23:461-472, 
1939. 
II. Grygier, P. The personality of student 
nurses. 1m. J. Soc. Psychiat. 2:105-112, 
1956. 
12. Gynther, M. V and Gertz, B. Personal- 
ity charasteristics of student nurses in 
South Carolina. J. Soc. Psychol. 56: 
277-284, 1962. 
13. Morrison, R. L Self-concept implement- 
ation in occupational choices. J. Cotm- 
!;el. Psychol. 9:285-260, 1962. 
14. Kilbrick, A. K. and Tiedeman, D. V. 
Conception of self and perception of 
role in schools of nursing. J. Counsel. 
Psychol. 8:62-69, 1961. 0 


JUNE 1967 



research abstracts 


Tiffney, Helen Patricia. Guidlines for an 
inserl'ice education program for general 
dilly nurses in a rehabilitation unit. 
London, 1965. Thesis (M.Sc.N.) Univ. 
of Western Ontario. 


This study is concerned with developing 
guidelines for an inservice education pro- 
gram for general duty nurses in a rehabilita- 
tion unit. The key concepts of rehabilitation 
and the perceived role of the nurse in such 
a nursing specialty were determined through 
an investigation of the available literature. 
To discover the competency of the grad- 
uate duty nurse's performance on employ- 
ment in a rehabilitation unit, information 
was sought through a questionnaire survey 
of the agencies in Canada that offer re- 
habilitation services. Through an interview 
survey of a selected number of agencies, 
the author obtained information regarding 
the nature and extent of inservice education 
provided for the graduate nursing staff. 
The findings reveal that the new general 
duty nurse requires intensive and extensive 
assistance to become prepared to function 
optimally in her role in a rehabilitation 
unit. The interviews in selected agencies 
revealed that certain factors, such as phys- 
ical facilities, equipment, and organization 
and preparation of personnel, hinder the 
fulfillment of the nurse's role in rehabita- 
tion. 
On the basis of these findings, certain 
implications were derived. Specific recom- 
mendations were made regarding ways to 
improve the initial preparation of profes- 
sional nurses, as well as their continuing 
education, to enable them to provide intel- 
ligent and meaningful care for the chron- 
ically ill and disabled. 


Lee, Margaret Naomi. Preferences for uni- 
versity teaching as the career goal of 
baccalaureate students of nursing grad- 
uating from selected universities in 
Canada. New York, 1966. Thesis (Ed. 
D.) Columbia University. 


The purpose of this study was to dis- 
cover how graduating baccalaureate stu- 
dents of nursing viewed university teaching 
as a career goal. It had four objectives: 
I . 10 find how graduating baccalaureate 
students of nursing in Canada ranked uni- 
versity teaching as a career goal in com- 
parison with other leadership positions; 
2. to determine how respondents' opinions 


JUNE 1967 


agreed with expert opinions expressed in 
the literature regarding academic prepara- 
tion for nurse-faculty; 3. to discover how 
they viewed university teaching as an oc- 
cupation; and 4. to make recommendations 
based on the data regarding the encourage- 
ment of students in baccalaureate programs 
10 consider university teaching as a career 
goal. 
A questionnaire designed to gather the 
data was pretested and revised. Six univer- 
sities were visited and data gathered from 
303 senior students of nursing; those reg- 
istered in basic programs and in post- 
basic programs numbered 80 and 223, res- 
pectively. Data were analyzed in these 
two groupings. A tally of choices made 
from paired comparisons was used to dis- 
cover how university teaching ranked with 
other leadership positions. Respondents indi- 
cated: l. their plans for further education; 
2. preferred position of nursing leadership 
5 and 10 years following baccalaureate 
graduation; 3. whether or not they had dis- 
cussed university teaching with nurse-faculty; 
and 4. their parents' educational level. 
Respondents' opinions regarding mini- 
mum and most desirable qualifications for 
nurse-faculty were compared with expert 
opinions found in the literature. Res- 
pondents indicated on two scales their reac- 
tions to a series of statements regarding 
the working lives of university nurse- 
faculty. 
The findings indicated that university 
teaching ranked as first choice for res- 
pondents from basic programs and second 
choice for respondents from post-basic 
programs. In neither group did the opin- 
ions of the majority agree with those of 
experts regarding minimum academic pre- 
paration for nurse faculty. Of respondents 
who chose university teaching: l. 34 came 
from basic programs and 65 from post- 
basic programs; 2. only a minority chose it 
for 1971 and 1976; 3. a minority from 
both groups had discussed their choice with 
nurse-faculty; 4. a minority from basic 
programs would seek academic preparation 
to qualify as nurse-faculty; and 5. the 
majority from basic and post-basic pro- 
grams were young enough to justify the in- 
vestment of time and money necessary to 
become qualified nurse-faculty. Respon- 
dents' reactions to a series of statements 
concerning the working lives of nurse- 
faculty showed wide disparity of opinion. 
Three of the universities could expect to 
graduate a total of 12 respondents register- 
ed in basic baccalaureate programs. 


As a result of the findings of this study, 
it is recommended that students interested 
in a university career as nurse-faculty 
should: l. consider its inherent responsi- 
bilities and its advantages and disadvant- 
ages; 2. know the general academic stan- 
dards required in Canada for university 
teachers and the opinions of experts regard- 
ing academic standards for nurse-faculty; 
3. be encouraged to discuss university teach- 
ing with faculty from other disciplines and 
with qualified nurse-faculty; 4. apply for 
admission to graduate or doctoral programs 
that prepare university teachers of nursing; 
and 5. be encouraged to regard university 
teaching as a stable, developing career. 
More information is urgently needed regard- 
ing working lives and employment condi- 
tions for nurse-faculty in Canada. 
General recommendations are: l. more 
students should be encouraged to consider 
university teaching as a career goal; 2. fur- 
ther studies to determine the career choices 
of baccalaureate graduates need to be car- 
ried out; 3. the minimum and most desir- 
able academic standards for nurse faculty 
should be established and published widely; 
and 4. more specific data regarding faculty 
and students in university programs in nurs- 
ing are needed. 


O'Sullivan, Sister M. Celestine. A study 
of the unit manager concept in action. 
London, 1964. Thesis (M.Sc.N.) Univ. 
of Western Ontario. 


An attempt was made in this study to 
determine the advantages and disadvantages 
of a unit manager system operational in 
one hospital, and to determine the feasi- 
bility and desirability of initiating a unit 
manager system in relieving the head nurse 
of non-professional and non-nursing activi- 
ties. Information was obtained through field 
experience at a particular hospital that 
utilizes a unit manager program, and 
through data gathered by questionnaire 
from eight hospitals that have or have had 
a unit manager system. 
In concluding the report, guidelines are 
detailed that could be functional if an 
experimental study of a unit manager pro- 
gram were initiated in one of these four 
general hospitals operated by a religious 
community. It is anticipated that these 
guidelines could be modified and adapted 
for a similar experimental study in the 
three remaining general hospitals. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 45 



books 


Programmed Instruction in Arithmetic, 
Dosages, and Solutions, by Dolores 
F. Saxton, R.N.. B.S., M.A., and John 
F. Walter, Sc.B., M.A. 56 pages. Saint 
Louis, Mosby, 1966. 
Reviewed by Mrs. E.M. Orr, former 
director of nursing, The Ontario Hospital, 
Brockvil/e, Ontario. 


Advertised as the first book to be pro- 
grammed by a mathematician and applied 
by a nursing specialist, this publicatio:J 
is a reliable mathematical aid to the stude1"t 
nurse. Confident in its authority, she will 
more readily relate her high school teach- 
ing to the sdence of calculating dosages 
safely. 
The new method of programming, the 
Skinner or linear method, affords the 
student the time, outside the classroom. to 
examine her own accuracy and her ground- 
ing in mathematics, or lack of it. It 
provides, also. the seclusion for reviewing 
and progressing at one's own rate. 
This conveniently-handled and attractive 
wire-o-bound book presents its material in 
three parts. The first part contains a review 
of Roman numerals, fractions, decimals. 
percentage, and ratio and proportion - all 
of which is basic and pertinent to phar- 
macology. With the template provided in 
a pocket inside the front cover, the student 
conceals the answer while reading the 
explanatory remarks and question. Im- 
mediately she is able to slide the template 
down the page and compare her answer 
with the correct one provided in the margin. 
Part two presents the systems of measure- 
ment. It includes conversion between the 
centigrade and fahrenheit scales, the apo- 
thecaries', metric and household systems, 
as well as the equivalents and conversion 
between the systems. Part three deals with 
the mathematics involved in computing 
dosages from tablets, capsules, powders, 
and prepared strength liquids, and from 
drugs manufactured in systems other than 
the apothecaries' and metric. It also includes 
dosages for infants and children and the 
preparation of solutions from pure drugs, 
tablets, and prepared strength solutions. 
As an aid to the instructor in preparing 
her material for classroom and laboratory 
presentation, the text provides mathematical 
explanations and questions that embrace 
a wide range of drugs with their common 
dosage range. their marketed form, some 
situations in which they are prescribed, 
time spacing and the me1hod of calculating 
and preparing the correct dosage. 
This book should be a valuable support 
46 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


to the student in becoming a safe person 
to administer drugs. 


Foundations of Anatomy and Phy- 
siology, by Janet S. Ross, R.G.N.. 
R.F.N., and Kathleen J.W. Wilson. B.Sc.. 
R.G.N., S.C.M. 451 pages. Toronto, 
Macmillan Company of Canada, 1965. 
Reviewed by Mrs. Geraldine Nakonechny, 
instructor in anatomy and physiology, 
University of Alberta Hospital, Edmon- 
ton, Alberta. 
This text was designed to introduce the 
subject of anatomy and physiology in a 
simple form and the authors have met this 
objective. 
Content is presented according to sys- 
tems with an added chapter on basic nutri- 
tion that precedes the digestive system. 
Information is current and well summarized. 
although perhaps somewhat too brief in 
aspects of physiology. Each chapter is well 
organized. 
Many realistic and uncomplicated dia- 
grams, almost one per page, are used to 
illustrate the subject material. Excellent 
use of color and shading has contributed 
to the clarity of these diagrams. 
This book could be used as a text for 
student nurses in conjunction with supple- 
mentary readings from other sources. 
Graduate nurses would find it a quick 
reference. Anyone returning to nursing 
after some abscence would appreciate the 
additional feature of conciseness. 


The Foundations of Nursing by Lillian 
DeYoung, R.N., B.S., M.S. 279 pages. 
Saint Louis, Mosby, 1966. 
Reviewed by Miss S. M. Burkinshaw, 
director, school of nursing, Kingston 
General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario. 


The reader gains an immediate impres- 
sion of the purpose of the book from the 
Preface. The sections are clearly defined in 
the Table of Contents and the material is 
presented in a way that is in keeping with 
the progress of the nursing student through 
the stages of her preparation. A compre- 
hensive index is found at the end of the 
book. 
The topics are well covered and thè 
information is up-to-date. Although some 
of the material is especially pertinent for 
nurses practicing in the United States, the 
same information can be applied to nursing 
in Canada. 
This excellent book deals with questions 
that arise in all nursing students' minds 
at some junction of their basic nursing 
course. It would be of great assistance to 


those who expect to take nursing positions 
following graduation. It discusses job oppor- 
tunities and the responsibilities that are 
assumed by applicants when they seek and 
accept positions. 
This book is highly recommended as a 
required reading text in schools of nursing, 
and should be available in school of nurs- 
ing libraries. 


Taking the Hospital to the Patient, 
Home Care for the SmaU Com- 
munity by John R. Griffith, SS pages. 
Battle Creek, Michigan, W. K. Kellog 
Foundation, 1966. 
Reviewed by Miss Mary E. Gibbon, nurse 
administrator, Guelph-Wellington Home 
Care Program, Guelph, Ontario. 


This is a report on four separate home 
care programs in small communities, fin- 
anced by the W. K. Kellogg Foundation. 
The four American cities ranged in popula- 
tion from 13,000 to 35,000. The programs 
do differ somewhat in their organization 
and terms of reference but they are all 
hospital-based programs. However, unlike 
Canadian hospital-based programs, they do 
admit patients directly from the community. 
It is interesting that these four home care 
programs seem to have flourished moderate- 
ly well without a base of established com- 
munity services, such as visiting nurses and 
homemakers, to draw upon. In two pro- 
grams the nurse coordinator (the equiv- 
alent of our nurse administrator) was not 
qualified in public health nursing. On the 
other hand, the two programs that did 
have trained public health nurses were able 
to aUract a relatively greater number of 
p
tients and were apparently able to pro- 
vide a service that was more satisfactory 
to their physicians. 
In one area the bedside care was taken 
on by the official public health nurses. In 
two other programs hospital nurses worked 
part-time in home visiting. The fourth 
program used full-time nurses and assigned 
them permanently to the home care pro- 
gram. It had sufficient patients to afford 
this policy. 
All four programs established a me1hod 
by which the medical staff supervised the 
activities of home care. Each hospital ap- 
pointed a physician to participate regularly 
in program activity. The principal duty of 
the medical staff representative is to attend 
a weekly meeting with the home care per- 
sonnel, and review patients with them. There 
is considerable direct communication with 
individual doctors but the presence of a 


JUNE 1967 



Next Month 
in 


The 
Canadian 
Nurse 


· The adolescent 
in hospital 


· Problems of 
hemophilia 


· Programmed instruction 


b 

 


Photo credits 


Julien LeBourdais, p. 18 


Burlington Gazette, p. 40 


University of Toronto, p. 40 


JUNE 1967 


books 


specific physician has been found useful 
in all programs. 
These programs emphasize the fact that 
small hospitals cannot afford to restrict 
the availability of home care. They do 
not restrict the kinds of patients they will 
treat. The services provided are those need- 
ed by the patient whether this is only one 
service or several. Generally speaking, the 
amount of service given seems to be low 
compared to other home care programs. 
The programs are financed by the in- 
dividual hospita1s. Some patients have 
insurance that covers home care, others 
pay themselves. For those patients who do 
not have any insurance to cover hos- 
pitalization, home care is a great financial 
help. The average cost per day for these 
programs is between three and four dol- 
lars. The budget for the programs ranged 
from $10,000 to $25,000. 
These four home care programs, although 
differing from one another, do show that 
the benefits of home care are possible in 
communities that have very few established 
community services. 


Hospital Policy Decisions: Process 
and Action, by Arthur B. Moss, Wayne 
G. Broehl, Jr., Robert H. Guest, and John 
W. Hennessey, Jr. 332 pages. Toronto, 
Macmillan of Canada, 1966. 
Reviewed by Sister F.L. Rooney, assist- 
ant administrator, Holy Family Hospiwl, 
Prince Albert, Saskatchewan. 


This is detailed empirical study of the 
policy process in three general north- 
eastern hospitals in the United States. It 
is the result of the combined effort of 
four researchers working over a two-year 
period and is intended to provide a basis 
for policy makers to reexamine ways of 
thinking about process. 
It is a unique study in its examination 
of the dynamics of the policy process at 
several organizational levels. It moves 
into largely uncharted areas and deals with 
controversial and uncertain points. The 
authors focus continually upon the impact 
of key roles of the governing board, ad- 
ministrator and medical staff on the sel- 
ection of goals and development of policies. 
Comparisons are made of ways of devel- 
oping, stating, implementing, and evaluating 
policies in an organization that embraces 
collaborative activity among widely diver- 
gent group. 
The book has been organized into six 
parts, four of which contain the substance 
of field ana1ysis, each part centering in 
depth on a particular function, role, or 
process. In the fifth part, budget mech- 
anism is dealt with as a vehicle for drawing 
together knowledge diffused among the 


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THE CANADIAN NURSE 47 



reference text it will prOve valuable to 
many involved in policy making. 


books 


Practical Nutrition for Nurses by Ann 
M. Brown, B.Sc., M.N.S., S.R.D. 133 
pages. London, William Heinemann Med- 
ical Books Ltd., 1966. 
Re,'iewed by Miss Bernice M. Ward, 
B.Sc., lecturer, School of Nursing, Uni- 
versity of Alberta. 


board. medical. and administrative staffs. 
Part six builds up the conclusions of 
the analysis. Throughout the study the 
theme of interrelationships is used. 
This is an interesting study and will 
prove enriching, especially to board mem- 
bers and medical staff. A practical bib- 
liography concludes the text, and serves 
as a good source for further study. As a 


The purpose of this book as stated by the 
author, is to give the nurse an insight into 
the broader aspects of the science of nu- 


ONE-STEP PREP 


.. 

 


.
 


with 
FLEET ENEMÞ: 
single dose 
disposable unit 
FLEET ENEMA's fast prep time obsoletes soap and 
water procedures. The enema does not require warm- 
ing. It can be used at room temperature. It avoids the 
ordeal of injecting large quantities of fluid into the 
bowel, and the possibility of water intoxication. 
The patient should preferably be lying on the left side 
with the knees flexed, or in the knee-chest position. 
Once the protective cap has been removed, and the 
prelubricated anatomically correct rectal tube gently 
inserted, simple manual pressure on the container 
does the rest! Care should be taken to ensure that 
the contents of the bowel are completely expelled. Left 
--. :: , =-
 
-<>,_ colon catharsis is normally achieved in two to five 
minutes, with little or no mucosal irritation, pain or 
spasm. If a patient is dehydrated or debilitated, 
hypertonic solutions such as FLEET ENEMA, must 
be administered with caution. Repeated use at short 
intervals is to be avoided. Do not administer to children 
under six months of age unless directed by a physician. 
And afterwards, no scrubbing, no sterilisation, no 
preparation for re-use. The complete FLEET ENEMA 
unit is simply discarded! 
Every special plastic "squeeze-bottle" contains 4'12 
fl. oz. of precisely formulated solution, so that the 
adult dose of 4 fl. oz. can be easily expelled. A patented 
diaphragm prevents leakage and reverse flow, as well 
as ensuring a comfortable rate of administration. 
Each J 00 cc. 01 FLEET ENEMA conta;n.: 
Sodium biphosphote................. 16 gm. 
Sodium phosphate ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6 gm. 
For our brochure: "The Enema: Indications and Techniques", 
containing full information, write to: Professional Service 
Deportment, Charles E. Frosst & Co., P.O. Box 247, 
Montreal 3, P.Q. 


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'OUNDlD IN CANADA IN Ing 


48 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


trition and dietetics. In the space of 133 
pages one could hardly do more. 
The chapters are co"Úined to one topic 
and are very short and concise so that the 
reader does not lose interest through a lot 
of detail. 
Topics discussed include the three major 
food types, minerals, vitamins, nutrition in 
different groups, and in pregnancy and lacta- 
tion. food habits and hygiene, nutrition in 
the hospital, and, finally, an interesting 
chapter on world food problems. 
In each chapter, normal nutrition is 
followed by a discussion of dietary mod- 
ifications, sample menus, and helpful teach- 
ing points. 
Some inclusions in the text make it less 
suitable for use in Canada, e.g., in recipes 
for preparation of food, there is reference 
to brand name products that are not readily 
available here and in the sample menus 
quite a number of foods are listed that are 
not common table fare, except perhaps in 
the coastal regions. 
The author gives the historical back- 
ground of discoveries and research that 
have advanced our knowledge of nutrition 
and uses a wide variety of quotations by 
famous people to emphasize a point. These 
certainly do add to the pleasure of reading 
the book. 
The text has an international flavor in 
that dietary patterns and deficiencies of 
various cultures of the world are discussed. 
Because of the above-mentioned points. 
the book may have limited use as a text in 
Canadian nursing programs but would be 
a valuable addition to a school library as 
a reference book. 


films 


New psychiatric treatment technique 
Reinforcement Therapy is a recently re- 
leased black-and-white film that describes 
a new psychiatric treatment technique. This 
new method has also been described as "be- 
havior modification." 
The film shows three experimental pro- 
grams that apply learning theory to Iht: 
treatment of mentally and emotionally dis- 
turbed children and adults, and to the 
teaching of the mentally retarded. 
The basic principle involved is that cer- 
tain behaviors are a function of conse- 
quences; reward and punishment serve to 
regulate behavior. 
The film would be useful in educational 
programs for student nurses. It may be bor- 
rowed from Smith Kline & French Labora- 
tories, 300 Laurentian Blvd., Montreal 9. 
P.Q. 


Measles eradication 
The Death of the Spotted Dragon is an 
8-minute, color, sound film describing the 


JUNE 1967 



films 


measles eradication program carried out by 
the Rhode Island Medical Society on Jan- 
uary 23, 1966. The film was prepared as 
part of the infonnation blitz for the U.S. 
national campaign to wipe out measles. 
The one-day program to vaccinate all 
susceptible children between I and 12 years 
of age required coordination and coopera- 
tion of all community resources; the film 
shows how all community resources can 
be brought into action on a public health 
issue. 
The film would be helpful for public 
health nurses, and also could be used ef- 
fectively with lay audiences. It would be 
especially useful for showing to volunteer 
groups if a vaccination program is planned. 
The film can be obtained on loan from the 
National Film Board. 


Drug Addiction 
Hooked is a 20-minute, black and white, 
sound film. It describes the experiences of 
drug addiction told in the words of former 
young addicts. These young people tell of 
the shocking devastation of their experience 
and speak with the voice of reality rather 
than authority. It is mainly directed toward 
the rebellious youth group. 
It was prepared for high school students, 
but also would be of interest to nursing stu- 
dents. 


accession list 


Publications in this list of material receiv- 
ed recently in the CNA library are shown 
in language of source. The majority (refe- 
rence material and theses, indicated by R 
excepted) may be borrowed by CNA mem- 
bers, and by libraries of hospitals and 
schools of nursing and other institutions. 
Requests for loans should be made on the 
"Request Form for Accession List" (page 
50) and should be addressed to: The Li- 
brary, Canadian Nurses' Association, 50 
The Driveway, Ottawa 4. Ontario. 


BOOKS AND DocUMENTS 
I. Elementary rehabilitation nursing care; 
a manual for nurses and ancillary workers 
in nursing homes, hospitals, convalescent 
facilities and public health agencies. Prepar- 
ed by Colorado State Dept. of Health Edu- 
cation and Welfare, Public Health Service, 
Division of Nursing, 1966. 99p. 
2. Great societies and quiet revolutions. 
Report of Canadian Institute on Public Af- 
fairs, 35th Couchiching Conference, 1966. 
Ed. by John Irwin. Toronto, Canadian 
Broadcasting Corporation, 1967. 129p. 
3. Hospital policy decisions: process and 
action by Arthur B. Moss and others. New 
York, Putnam's, 1966. 332p. 
JUNE 1967 


4. Instructors' guide and reference. Re- 
print. Toronto, Canadian Red Cross S0- 
ciety, Water Safety Service, 1966. Iv. (va- 
rious paging) 
5. An introduction to psychiatric nursing 
by David Boorer and Heather Ðoorer. 1st 
ed. Oxford, Pergamon Press, 1966. 175p. 
6. The lamp and the book; the story of 
the RCN 1916-1966 by Gerald Bowman. 
London, Queen Anne Press, and Royal Col- 
lege of Nursing and National Council of 
Nurses of the United Kingdom, 1967. 206p. 
7. The law and procedure of meetings in 
Canada by William Graham Craig. Toron- 
to, Ryerson, 1966. 9Op. 


8. National libraries: their problems and 
prospects; Symposium on National Libraries 
in Europe, Vienna, 8-27 September 195R. 
Paris, UNESCO, 1960. 125p. 
9. Nurses' handbook of fluid balance by 
Nonna Milligan Metheny and William D. 
Snively, 1st ed. Philadelphia. Lippincott. 
1967. 279p. 
10. The shifting scene; building for 
strength; papers presented at the 21st con- 
ference of the Council of Member Agen- 
cies of the Department of Baccalaureate and 
Higher Degree Programs. New York. 1967. 
40p. 
11. A study in labour market lJdjustmcnt 


PLAN FOR A LIFETIME 
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Marriage i. a ...pon.ibility that of tell re. 
quire. both .piritual and medical aui.tance 
from profe..ional people. In many in.tance. 
a nurse may be called upon for medical 
counsel for the newly married young wo- 
man, mother, or a mature woman. 


"To Plan For A Lifetime, Plan With Your Doc- 
tor" i. a pamphlet that was written to auist 
in preparing a woman for patlent-phy.ician 
di.cu..ion of family planning method.. The 
booklet .t...... the importallce to the indi. 
vidual of ..Iecting the method that mo.t 
.uits her ..Iigiou., medical, and psychological 
need.. 


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Nur... are invited to u.e the coupon below 
to order copies for u.e a. an aid in coun- 
..lIing. They will be .upplied by Mead John- 
son Laboratarie. a. a free service. 


Mea!Wirrm 
LABORATORIES 


'l\t:rcon;l1lùr Li/è 


I ORDER FORM 
I 
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cople. of "To Plan For A Lif.time, Plan With Your I 
Doctor" to: 
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To: Mead John.on Laboratorie., 
111 St. Clair Avenue We.t, 
Toronto 7, Ontario. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 49 



accession list 


by J.T. Montague and J Vanderkamp. Van- 
couver. University of Briti
h Columbia. 
1966. I 34p. 


PAMPHLETS 
12. Cillquième rappurt. Genève. Organisa- 
tion mondiale de la Santé. Comité d'experts 
des soins infirmiers, 1966. 34p. 
13. Clues fur parellIs about alcohol alld 
dru[!s. Toronto, Addiction Research Foun- 
dation of Ontario, 1967? 52p. 
14. Documelll reproduction sen'ices by 
F. Donker Duyvis and M.E. Schippers. Pa- 
ris, UNESCO, 1961. Bp. 
15. Guide on recommended employmelll 

tandards for registered nurse positions. 
Phoenix, Arizona, Arizona State Nurses' 
Association. 1965. 12p. 
16. The impact of the great society on 
public health practice by Edward S. Rogers. 
New York. American Nurses' Association. 
1966. 32p. 
17. Microphotography in the library by 
Alfred Gunther. Paris, UNESCO, 1962. 26p. 
18. The nurse scielllist. Cleveland. Ohio. 
Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, 
Western Reserve University, 1966? 15p. 
19. The role of the licensed practical 


nurse ill disaster approved by American 
Nurses' Association and National Federa- 
tion of Licensed Practical Nurses, New 
York, 1966. 8p. 
20. Three approaches to disaster nursing: 
a symposium presented at the 45th biennial 
convention of the American Nurses' Asso- 
ciation, San Francisco, Calif., June 15, 1966. 
New York, American Nurses' Association, 
1967. 25p. 


GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS 
Canada 
21. Bureau of Statistics. Canada one 
hundred 1867-1967, Ottawa, Queen's Print- 
er, 1967. 504p. 
22. Dept. of Labour, Women's Bureau. 
Facts alld figures about women in the la- 
bour force 1966. Ottawa, 1967. 14p. 
23. Dept. of Manpower and Immigration, 
Manpower Information and Analysis 
Branch. Program Development Service. Ca- 
reer outlook unh'ersity graduates 1966/67-. 
Ottawa, Que'en's Printer, 1966. 73p. 
24. Royal Commission on Health Ser- 
vices. La formation infirmière au Canada 
par Helen Kathleen Mussallem. Ottawa, 
Imprimeur de la Reine, 1966. 144p. 
25. Royal O>mmission on Health Services. 
Study of chiropracters, osteopaths and na- 
turopaths in Canada by Donald L. Mills. 
Ottawa, Queen's Printer, 1966. 294p. 
26. Royal Commission on Health Services. 


Voluntary health organizations in Canada 
by Elizabeth S.L. Govan. Ottawa, Queen's 
Printer, 1966. 202p. 


United Stales 
27. Dept. of Health. Education and Wel- 
fare. Public Health Service. Hospital sen-ices 
in the U.S.S.R.; report of the U.S. delega- 
tion on hospital systems planning. June 26 
- July 16, 1965. Wilshington, U.S. Govt. 
Print. Off., 1966. 76p. 
28. Dept. of Health. Education and Wel- 
fare. Public Health Service. No lallRhiliR 
matter; the cartoonist focuses on air pol- 
lution. Washington. U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 
1966. Iv. (n.p.) 


STUDIES DEPOSITED IN CNA REPOSITORY 
COLLECTION 
29. A comparisoll of patients' progress 
in the intensil'e care unit and ill general 
wards by Virginia G. Dacanay. Montreal 
1965. Thesis (M.Sc. Appl) - McGill Uni- 
versity. 42p. R 
30. A study of the behal'ior of nursing 
students during a categorization task by Jo- 
Montreal, 1965. Thesis (M.Sc. (Appl) 
McGill University. 46p. R. 
31. A study to identify the bases on 
which nurses ill hospitals make decisions 
concerning patients by Isabel T. Colvin. 
Montreal, 1965. Thesis (M.Sc.cAppl) 
McGill University. 46p. R. 



 


Hospital Insurance Commission 
Province of Nova Scotia 
Requires the services 01 a 
NURSING COUNSELLOR 


Request Form 
for "Accession List" 
CANADIAN NURSES' 
ASSOCIATION LIBRARY 


Send this coupon or facsimile to: 
LIBRARIAN, Canadian Nurses' Association, 
50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario. 
Please lend me the following publications, listed in the 
...... issue of The Canadian Nurse, 
or add my name to the waiting list to receive them when 
available. 
Item Author Short title (for identification) 
No. 


MINIMUM QUALIFICATIONS: Registered Nurse with Bachelor's De. 
gree in Nursing; several years' ex. 
perience at supervisory level; some 
teaching experience an asset but nof 
essential. 


Assess all phases of nursing service 
and nursing education in hospitals; 
conduct studies and research proiects 
in the field of nursing; act os odvisar 
to hospitals and the Commission in 
all malters related to nursing. 


DUTIES: 


SALARY: 


$5,700 - $7,800 commensurate wifh 
qualifications and experience. 
Full Civil Service benefits. 


Further particulars may be obtained 
from the Nora Scotia Hospital tnsurance Commission, P.O. Box 
1057, Halifax, Nora Scotia. 


Request for loans will be filled in order of receipt. 
Reference and restricted material must be used in the 
CNA library. 
Borrower 
Registration No. 
Position 


Application forms may be ob. 
tained from the NOVA SCOTIA CIVIL SERVICE COM. 
MISSION, P.O. Box 943, Halifax, Nova Scotia or the 
PROVINCIAL BUILDING, Sydney, Nova Scotia. 


No. ASS71 


Address 


Date of request .... 


JUNE 1%7 


50 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



diploma or degree nurse 


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Go South to Syracuse and See! 


Youll find friends at State UnIverSIty 
HospItal of the Upstate Medical Center 
at Syracuse. a modern 350-bed teaching 
hospital In the CanadIans favorite U.S 
cIty. 
You II also find a helpful adminIstration 
professional level salaries (up to sa 476 
to start. depending on your Qualifying 
education and experience). 


Fine benefits. too Eleven paId holidays. 
13to 20 paId vacatIon days. sound three- 
way health Insurance plan and special 
collegiate education programs. 
Above all. you'li find patient-centered 
educatIonal atmosphere In whIch youll 
best have the opportunity to be the kind 
of nurse you want to be. and receive the 
rewards you deserve. 


STATE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF THE UPSTATE MEDICAL CENTER AT SYRACUSE, N. Y. 


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 0 I'd like to talk with you when I'm in Syracuse 
6CN67 (date) (time) . 
. 0 Please send me application forms 
MIss Adele Wr.Rl'lt. R.N. 
. Director of Nursing Services Name . 


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Syracuse. New York, U.S.A. 13210 City Province 

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JUNE 1%7 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 51 



classified advertisements 


ALBERTA 


BRITISH COLUMBIA 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING required immediately for 
19-bed active treatment hospital with plans for ex- 
pansion in immediate future. Residence accommoda- 
han available, MSI and Blue Cro.. in effect. Salary 
commensurate with experience. Apply to: Administra- 
ror
 Manning Municipal Hospital, Manning, Alberta. 
1-59-1 


REGISTERED NURSES (3) required immediately for 
!9-bed active treatment haspital with plans for 
expansion in immediate future. Two doctors. Res- 
idence available. MSI and 81ue Cross in effect. 
Salary $380-$450/mo. Apply ta: Directar of Nursing, 
Manning Municipal Hospital, Manning, Alberta. 
1-59-2 


R.N. needed for General Duty, in 16-bed haspital, 
100 miles Narth af Calgary, an poved Highway. 
Summer resort 16 miles. Position has opportunity 
af advancement ta Director of Nursing. Apply Elnara 
General Haspital, Elnara, Alberta. 1-35-IA 


Registered Nurses for General Duty in modern 30- 
bed hospital in southern Alberta. Salary range 
from $380 - $440 with credit for past experience. 
Residence accommodation available - with main- 
tenance - at $45 per manth. Medical, hospital, 
and pensian plans in effect. Apply ta: Director of 
Nursing, Border Counties General Hospital, Milk 
River, Alberta. 1-100-1 


General Duty Nur.e. for active, accredited, well. 
equipped 64-bed hospital in growing town, population 
3,500. Salaries range fram $380-$440 cammensurate 
with experience, other benefits. Nurses residence. 
Excellent personnel policies and working conditions. 
New modern wing opened this year. Good commu- 
nications to large nearby cities. Apply Director of 
Nursing, Brooks General Haspital, Brooks, Alberto. 
I.13-IB 


ADVERTISING 
RATES 


FOR ALL 
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING 


$10.00 for 6 lines or less 
$2.00 for each additional line 


Rates for display 
advertisements on request 


Closing date for copy and cancellation is 
6 weeks prior to 1st day of publication 
month. 
The Canadian Nurses' Association has 
not yet reviewed the personnel policies 
of the hospitals and agencies advertising 
in the Journal. For authentic information, 
prospective applicants should apply to 
the Registered Nurses' Association ot the 
Provonce in which they are interested 
in working. 


Address correspondence to: 


The 
Canadian 
Nurse 


b 


50 THE DRIVEWAY 
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO 


52 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


I I 


ALBERTA 


General Duty Nurse. far 64-bed active treatment 
haspital, 35 miles south af Calgary. Salary range 
$380 - $450. Living accammodatian available in sep- 
arate residence if desired. Full maintenance in 
residence $45.00 per manth. Excellent Personnel 
Policies and working conditions. Please apply to: 
The Director of Nursing, High River General Hos- 
pital, High River, Alberta. 1-46-IA 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Madern 26-bed hospital 
clase ta Edmonton. 3 buses daily. Salary $380 to 
$450 per month commenSurate with experience. 
Residence available $35.00 per manth. Excellent 
personnel policies. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Mayertharpe Municipal Hospital, Mayertharpe, Al- 
berto. 1-61-1 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 94-bed General Hos- 
pital located in Alberta's unique Badlands. $380. 
$440 per manth, approved AARN and AHA per- 
sannel policies. Apply to: Miss M. Hawkes, Directar 
af Nursing, Drumheller General Hospital, Drumhel- 
ler, Alberta. 1.3 I -2A 


NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active 30-bed hospital, 
recently constructed building. Town on main line of 
the C.P.R. and an Number 1 highway, midway 
between the cities of Calgary and Medicine Hat. 
Nurses on stoff must be willing and able to take re- 
sponsibility in all deportments of nursing, with the 
exceptions of the Operating Room. Recently renovated 
nurses' residence with all single rooms situated on 
haspital graunds. Apply ta: Mrs. M. Hislop, Adminis- 
trator and Director of Nursing, Bassano General Hos. 
pital, Bassano, Alberta. 1-5-1 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES - Salary range - $4,320 
to $5,460 per annum, 40 haur week. Modern living- 
in facilities available at moderate rates, if desired. 
Civil Service holiday, sick leave ond pension bene- 
fits. Starting salary commensurate with training 
and experience. Apply to: Superintendent of Nurses, 
Baker Memorial Sanatorium, Box 72, Calgary, 
Alberta. 1-14.3 A 


General Duty Nurses for new 50-bed active General 
Haspital situated midway between Calgary and 
Edmantan an main highway. Salary range $380 to 
$450 with recognition given for experience. Full 
maintenance available in nurses' residence for $45 
per month. Positions available for both summer 
relief and permanent employment. For further in- 
formation please write to: Mrs. E. Harvie, R.N., 
Lacombe General Haspital, Lacambe, Alberta. 
I.54-JA 


O.R. Nurse and General Duty R.N.'s required for 
a 70-bed haspital in Narthern Alberta. Far further 
particulars please apply to: The Director of Nursing, 
Peace River Municipal Hospital, Peace River, Alber- 
ta. 1-69-1 


STAFF NURSES required for Grande Prairie Health 
Unit. Generalized program plus special programs 
planned for local needs. Grande Prairie is a city 
af 12,000 population with well-develaped year- 
round recreational and educational facilities. Start- 
ing salary tar P.H.N. with experience is $479.00 per 
month. Please address replies to Doctor R. T. Pagan, 
M.O.H., Grande Prairie Health Unit, 10104-99th 
Avenue, Grande prairie, Alberta. 1-42-3 


BRITISH COLUMBIA 


ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL, VICTORIA, B.C.: Invites 
B.C. Registered Nurses (or thase eligible) la apply 
far these positians: SUPERVISOR far a 42-bed Psychia- 
tric Unit. HEAD NURSE far madern Past-Operative 
Recovery Roam. GENERAL STAFF tar Psychiatric Unit. 
Apply indicating preparation and experience to: 
Director of Nursing, Victoria, British Columbia. 
2-76-4A 


Operating Room Supervisor ($458 - $556). Male ar 
female, far active 1M-bed hospital. Post-graduate 
training desirable. Salary and personnel policies in 
accordance with RNABC agreement. Residence 
accommadatian available (female). Apply in detail 
to, Director of Nursing, Trail-Tadanac Hospital, 
Trail, B.C. 2-72-2 


A Medical-Surgical Nursing Instructor, with University 
preparatian, far a 450-bed hospital with a school af 
nursing, 150 students. Apply: Sister Mary Ranalda, 
M.N., Director, Schoal af Nursing, St. Joseph's Has- 
pital, Victaria, B.C. 2-76-58 


I I 


Operoting Room Hood Nurse ($464 - $552) General 
Duty Nurses (B.C. Registered $405 - $481, 
on-Regis- 
tered $390) for fully accredited I 13-bed hospital in 
N.W. B.C. Excellent fishing, skiing, skating, curling 
and b:Jwling Hot springs swimming neorby. Nurses' 
residence, room $20 per month. Cafeterio meals. 
Apply: Director af Nursing, Kitimat Generol Hospital, 
Kitimot, British Columbia. 2.36-1 


Rayal Jubilee Haspital, Victoria, B.C., invites B.C. 
Registered Nurses (or those eligible) to apply for 
positions in Medicine Surgery and Psychiatry. Apply 
to: Director of Nursing. Victoria, British Columbia. 
2-76-4A 


B.C. R.N. for General Duty in 32 bed General Hospi- 
tal. RNABC 1967 salary rate $390 - $466 and fringe 
benefits, modern, comfortable, nurses' residence in 
attractive community close to Vancouver, B.C. For 
application form write: Director of Nur'Sing, Fraser 
Canyan Hospital, R.R. I, Hope, B.C. 2-30-1 


Registered or non-registered General Duty Nurses 
and Nursing Assistants (3 required immediately) 
for new 3J-bed, active treatment hospital, located 

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Apply in writing ta: Directar of Nursing, 100 Mile 
District General Hospital, 100 Mile House, British 
Calumbia. 2-50-2 


General Duty Nurses far active 30-bed hospital. 
RNABC palicies and schedules in effect, also Narth- 
ern allowance. Accommodations available in res- 
idence. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital. 
Fart Nelsan, British Calumbia. 2-23-1 


General Duty Nurses far madern 85-bed haspital. 
Salary $390.00 to $466.00. Recognition for experi- 
ence. Industry - gas, oil and agriculture. Situated 
60 miles from Peace River Dam Proiect. Apply: 
Director of Nursing, Providence Hospital, Fort St. 
John, B.C. 2-24-' 


General Duty Nurses far new 30-bed haspital 
located in excellent recreational area. Salory and 
personnel policies in accordance with RNABC. Com- 
fortable Nurses' home. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Boundary Hospital, Grand Forks, British Columbia. 
2-27-2 


General Duty Nurses (2 immediately) for active, 
26-bed hospital in the heart of the Rocky Mountains, 
90 miles trom Banff and lake Lauise. Accommoda- 
tion avoilable in attractive nurses' residence. Apply 
giving full details of training, experience, etc. to: 
Administrator, Windermere District Hospital, Inver- 
mere, British Columbia. 2-31-1 


General Duty Nurse for well-equipped 25-bed ha.- 
pital in the beautiful Robsan Valley. RNABC salary 
schedule in effect also northern allowance. Resi- 
dence accommodation available. Apply: Directar 
of Nursing, McBride and District Hospital, McBride, 
Bristish Columbia. 2.40.1 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES far well-equipped 48-bed 
General Hospital in the Okanagan Valley. RNABC 
policies in effect. Apply to: Director of Nursing, St. 
Martin's Haspital, Oliver, British Columbia. 2-50-1. 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES (Two) for active 66-bed 
haspital, with new haspital to apen in 1968. 
Active in-service programme. Salary range $390 to 
$466 per manth. Personnel policies according ta 
current RNABC contract. Hospital situated in beauti. 
ful East Kootenays af 8ritish Columbia, with swim- 
ming, golfing and skiing facilities readily available. 
Apply ta: The Director at Nursing, St. Eugene Has- 
pital, Cranbraok, British Calumbia. 2- I 5. I 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES - for 109.bed hospital in 
expanding Narthwestern British Calumbia City. Salary 
$405 to $481 for B.C. Registered Nurses with recagni- 
tion for experience. RNABC contract in effect. Gradu- 
ate Nurses nat registered in B.C. paid $390. Benefits 
include comprehensive medical and pension plans. 
Travel allowance up to $60 refunded after ane 
year', service. Comfortable modern residence accom- 
modatian at $15 per manth, meals at cost. Apply ta: 
Director of Nursing, Prince Rupert General Hospital, 
551 -5th Avenue East, Prince Rupert, B.C. 2-58-2A 


General Duty O. R. and experienced Obstetrical 
Nurses far madern, 150-bed haspital lacated in the 
beautiful Fraser Volley. Personnel policies in ac- 
cardance with RNABC. Appl r. to: Directar af Nursing, 
Chilliwack General Hospifa, Chilliwack, British Ca- 
lumbia. 2-13-1 


JUNE 1%7 



The Saskatchewan 
Registered Nurses' 
Association 


Invites applications 
for the position of 


NURSING SERVICE 
ADVISOR 


The applicant must have advan- 
ced preparation and experience 
in Nursing Service. 
For further information and ap- 
plication form, 


Please contact: 


MISS VERA SPENCER 


President - SRNA 
No. 8 - 3838 Retallack Street 
Regina, Saskatchewan 


REGISTERED NURSES 


FOR 


GENERAL DUTY 


In modern, 220-bed, fully accre- 
dited General Hospital located 
in a thriving farming and in- 
dustrial community 135 miles 
from Metropolitan Winnipeg on 
the Trans Canada Highway and 
60 miles from beautiful Clear 
lake resort. Almost new, well- 
equipped hospital providing 
quality patient care and friendly 
working environment. Salary 
$375-$460, five increments. Ex- 
cellent personnel policies. 


Apply in confidence to: 


Director of Nursing, 


BRANDON GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Brandon, Manitoba. 


JUNE 1967 


II 


UNITED STATES 


UNITED STATES 


Registered Nurses, Coreer satisfaction, interest and 
professional growth unlimited in modern, JCAH DC. 
credited 243-bed hospitol. locoted in one of Colifor- 
nia's finest oreas, recreational, educational and cul- 
turol advantoges are yours as well as wonderful 
year-round climate. If this combination is whot 
you're looking for, contact us now!Stoff nurse en- 
trance salary $575-$600 per month; increases to 
$700 per month; supervisory positions at highest 
rates. Special area and shift differentials to $54 per 
month. Excellent benefits include free heallh and 
life insurance, retirement, credit union and liberal 
personnel policies. Professional staff appointments 
available in all clinical areas to those eligible for 
California licensure. Write today: Director of Nursing, 
Eden Hospital, 20103 lake Chabot Rood, Caslro Vol- 
ley, California. 15-5-12 


REGISTERED NURSES - for sunny California_ Excit- 
ing expansion program requires nurses for all serv- 
ices-Maternity. I.C.U.. Specialized Surgery, etc. Excel- 
lent orientation and in-service programs. Promotional 
opportunities for Head Nurses and Supervisors. Con- 
genial atmosphere where progress begins with pa. 
lient core. Salary $550 to $650 for Slaff Nurses. 
Good shift differential and fringe benefits. "Come 
grow with us". Mr. Ken Clarke, R.N. - Director of 
Nursing Services, Greater Bakersfield Memorial Hos- 
pital. P.O. Box 1888, Bakersfield. California 93303. 
Write or call collect 805 - 327-1792. 15.5-5A 


Nurses for new 75-bed General Hospital. Resort 
area. Ideal climate. On beautiful Pacific ocean. 
Apply to: Director of Nurses, Soulh Coos I Com- 
munily Hospital. South laguna, California. 15-5-50 


CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS 


REQUIRED FOR 


SCHOOL 


OF 


NURSING 


SARNIA 
H 0 S P 


GENERAL 
I TAL 


. Excellent working conditions with opportunity for creative thinking in 
nursing education and freedom to use new ideas. 
. Modern classrooms and facilities. Present student enrollment - 95. 
. Plans are in progress for a Regional School. 
. Good starting salary with special consideration for experience or 
degree. 
. Minimum qualifications - Diploma in nursing education. 
Apply: Personnel Director, Sarnia General Hospital, Sarnia, Ontario, Can. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 53 



BRITISH COLUMBIA 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES - Salary - non - B.C. 
registere" $375 per month - B.C. registered $390. 
$466, depending on experience. RNASC policies in 
effect. Nurses' residence available. Group Medical 
Health Plan. All winter and summer sparts. Apply, 
Director of Nursing, Cariboo Memorial Hospital, Wil
 
Iiams lake, British Columbia. 2-80- I A 


General Duty and Operating Room Nu.... for 70-bed 
Acute General Hospital on PaÓfic Coast. B.C. Regis- 
tered $390 - $466 per month (Credit for experience). 
Non B.C. Registered $375 - Practical Nurses B.C. li- 
censed $273 - $31 I per month. Non Registered $253. 
$286 per month. Board $20 per month, room $5.00 per 
month. 20 paid holidays per year and 10 statutory 
holidays after 1 year. Fore paid from Vancouver. 
Superannuation and medical plans. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, St. George's Hospital, Alert Bay, British 
Columbia. 2-2.1 A 


Genera' Duty, Operating Room and Experienced 
Obstetrical Nur.e. for 434-bed hospital with school 
of nursing. Salary: $372-$444. Credit for past ex. 
perienc!t and postgraduate training. 40-hr. wk. Stat- 
utory holidays. Annual increments; cumulative sick 
leave; pension plan; 28-days annual vacation; B.C. 
registration required. Apply: Director of Nursing. 
Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, British 
Calumbia. 2.73-13 


General Duty and experienced Operating Room 
Nurse for 54-bed active hospital in northwestern B.C. 
\967 salaries: B.C. Registered $405, General Duty 
B.C. Non-Registered, $390, RNABC personnel policies 
in effect. Planned rotation. New residence, room and 
board, $50 1m. T.V. and good social activitie.. 
Write: Director of Nursing, Box 1297, Terrace, British 
Columbia. 2-70-2 


General Duty and Operating Room Nurse. for 
modern 450-bed haspital with School of Nursing. 
RNABC policies in effect. Credit for past experience 
and postgraduate training. British Columbia registra- 
tion required. For particulars write to: the Director of 
Nursing Service, St. Joseph's Hospital, Victoria, British 
Columbia. 2-76-5 


GRADUATE NURSES for 24.bed ho.pital, 35.mi. from 
Vancouver, on coast, salary and personnel prac- 
tices in accord with RNABC. Accommodation availa- 
ble. Apply, Director of Nursing, General Hospital, 
Squamis", British Columbia. 2-68-1 


Graduate Nurse. for busy 21-bed hospital, prefer- 
ably with obstetrical experience. Friendly at- 
mosphere, beautiful beache., local curl ing club. 
Own room and board $40 month Salary $390 for 
Gen. Duty Registered Nurse.; Salary $375 for non- 
Registered Nurse, plus recognition for post graduate 
experience. Apply, Matron, Tofina General Hos. 
pital, Tofino, Vancouver Island, British Colum


1_1 


Graduate Nurs.. for General Duty in modern 188- 
bed hosp,tal in city (20,000) an Vancouver Island. 
Personnel policies in accordance with RNABC poli- 
cie.. Starting .alary for R.N. $372. per manth. Apply 
to: Director of Nursing, Regional General Hospital, 
Nnnaimo, British Columbia. 2-46-1 


STOP! Summer is iust around the corner and with 
it Vacations & Staff Changes. Applicatians will be 
received for positions on the staff of our modern 
80-bed general hospital .ituated in the Fraser Valley 
convenient to Vancouver, Okanagan Valley, Van- 
couver Island and Seattle. Accommodatian available 
in Staff Residence. RNABC. Persannel Policies in 
effect. Apply to: Director of Nursing, langley Me- 
morial Hospital, Murrayville, B.C. 2-44.\ 


PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES, B.C. Civil Service. Salary, 
$476-$580 per month, car provided. Interesting and 
challenging professional service with opportunities for 
tran.fer throughout beautiful B.C. Apply to, B.C. 
Civil Service Commission. 544 Michigan Street, 
VICTORIA, B.C. 
COMPETITION No. 67:57. 2-76-7 


MANITOBA 


Registered Nur..: Required far SO.bed general hospital 
in Fort Churchill, Manitoba. Starting salary $500 per 
month. Return fare from Winnipeg refunded after one 
year's service. For particulars write to: Director of 
Nursing, General Hospital, Fort Churchill.. Manitoba. 
3-75.1 


Regi.tered Nur.e for 17-bed hospital at Melita, Man- 
itoba. Salary range $395-$480. Generaul persannel 
policies. FuJI detail. available on reque.t. Apply:. 
Administrator, Willon Memorial Hospital, Melita, 
Manitoba. 3-37-1 


54 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


I I 


MANITOBA 


Registred Nurle: Position available, effective as loon 
a. po.sible, at GlENBORO HOSPITAL a 16-bed 
ho.pital, located 100 miles west of Winnipeg on 
No. 2 Highway. Excellent residence accommodation 
available. Starting salary January I, 1967 - $395 
per month. Incrementl allowed for experience. Per
 
sonnel Policy Manual and application forms on 
request with no obligation. Please forward all en- 
quiries to, Mr. S. A. Ole.on, Bax t30, Glenbora, 
Manitoba. Telephone No. "5 or No. 17. 3-28.1 A 


Applications are invited from R.N:I currently reg is. 
tered in Manitoba for the position of matron in 
17-bed hospital at Grandview, Man. Please state 
salary expected. Some experience preferred and 
allowance made for same. Board and room avai
 
lable in residence at realonable rates. Personnel po- 
ticies on request. Enquiries should include experience 
and qualifications. Apply to, Grandview Ho.pital, 
Box 8, Grandview, Man. 3-29-1 


Regi.tered Nurse' for 18-bed hospital at Vita Manitoba, 
70 miles from Winnipeg. Daily bu. .ervice. Salary 
range $390 - $475, with allowance far experience. 
..0 hour wee
, 10 statutory holiday., 4 weeks paid 
vacation after one year. Full maintenance available 
for $50 per month. Apply: Matran, Vita Districl 
Hospital, Vita, Manitaba. 3-68-1 


Regiltered Nursel and Licenled Practical Nurle. for 
modern 48-bed acute care hospital in Mantoba's 
anly Paper Tawn, 80 miles from Winnipeg, excep- 
tional recreational facilities - close to beach areas. 
Salary range - Registered Nurses $395-$480, licens- 
ed Practical Nurse. $270-$310, with consideration for 
past experience. Modern residence, excellent person. 
nel policies. Apply, Mrs. M. Gald, Direclor of Nurs- 
ing, Pine Fall. General Hospital, Pine Fall., Man- 
itoba, or phone callecl 367.8379. 3-44-1 


REGISTERED NURSES for General Duty in 20-bed 
Haspital. Salary range $405 to $490 per manth. liv- 
ing accommodations available. Generous Personnel 
Policies. Apply to, Direclor af Nur.ing, Restan Com- 
munity Hospitol, Reston, Manitoba. 3-46-2 A 


NOVA SCOTIA 


REGISTERED NURSES far 53-bed medium and long- 
term active treatment hospital in a progressive city. 
Particulars on request. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Halifax Civic Hospital, 5938 University Avenue, Hali- 
fax, Nova Scotia. 6- I 7-1 0 A 


Regi.tered and Graduate Nur.e. for General Duty. 
New hospital with all modern conveniences, also, 
new nurses' residence available. South Shore Com- 
munity. Apply ta: Superintendant, Queens General 
Hospital, liverpool, Nova Scatia. 6-20-1 


Regi.tered Nurse. for 21-bed ho.pital in pleasant 
community -- Eastern Shore of Nova Scotia. Apply: 
Superintendent, Eastern Shore Memorial Hospital, 
Sheet Harbour, Nava Scatia. 6.32-1 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Position. available far 
Registered Qualified General Duty Nurses for 138- 
bed active treatment hospital. Residence aCcom- 
modation available. Applications and enquiries will 
be received by:: Director of Nursing, Blanchard-Fraser 
Memorial Ha.pital, Kentville, Nova Scotia. 6-19-1 


ONTARIO 


.....i.tant Director of Public Health Nursing for ex- 
panding Health Unit, generalized program in Wei- 
land County. Duties to commence at mutual conev- 
nience, salary open, usual allowances and fringe 
benefits. Apply to, Direclor, Weiland and Di.trict 
Health Unit, King Street at Faurth, Weiland, Ontaria. 
7-141.2 


PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING SUPERVISOR - Applica- 
tion. .ought for s
ervisory position. Sudbury and 
District Health Unit. Requires Diploma in advanced 
Public Health Nursing and Supervision ar Baccalau- 
reate degree with administration. For details apply: 
The Director, Sudbury and Districl Health Unit, SO 
Cedar Street, Sudbury, Ontaria. 7-1 27-5B 


Public Health Nurse far active, pragressive Health 
Unit with generalized pragramme. Salary $5200- 
$6500 per annum; four weeks' vacation after one 
year; usual emplayee benefits. Apply ta Supervisor 
of Public Health Nursing, Fort William and Di.- 
trict Health Unit, 900 Arthur Street, Fart William, 
OnTaria. 7-47-4 


I I 


ONT...RIO 


Regi.tered Nune. for 34-bed haspital, min. .alary 
1387 with regular annual increments to maximum 
of $462. 3-wk. vacation with pay; .ick leave after 
6-mo. service. All Staff - 5 day "40-hr. wk., 9 
statutory holidays, pension plan and other benefits. 
Apply to, Superintendent, Englehart & Di.trict Hos- 
pital, Englehart, Ontaria. 7.40-1 


REGISTERED NURSES required for 100-bed haspital in 
the Model Town af the North. All usual fringe 
benefits available and a limited amount af livig-in 
accommodation. Salary range for general duty nurses 
$415 - $..85 depending on qualification. and ex- 
perience. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Sensenbren- 
ner Hospital, Kopu.kasing, Ontaria. 7-62-1 


REGtSTERED NURSES (IMMEDIATELY) for a new 40- 
bed hospital. Nurses' residence - private rooms with 
bath - $20 per month. Minimum .alary $4\5 plus 
experience allowance, 4 semi-annual increments. 
Reply to: The Director af Nursing, Geraldtan District 
Hospital, Geraldton, Ontaria. 7-50-1 A 


Regiltered Nursel. Applications and enquiries are 
invited for general duty pOlitionl on the stoff of the 
Manitouwadge General Hospital. Excellent .alary 
and fringe benefits. liberal policies regarding ac. 
commodation and vocation. Modern well..equipped 
33-bed ho.pital in new mining town, about 250-mi. 
ea.t of Part Arthur and north-west of White River, 
Ontario Pop. 3,500. Nurses' residence comprises indi. 
vidual self-contained apts. Apply, .tating qualifica. 
tions, experience, age, marital Itatus, phone number, 
etc. to the Administrator, General Hospital, Mani- 
touwadge, Ontaria. Phone 826-3251 7-74-1 A 


Regi.tered Nune., Basic .alary $400 per manth, and 
full maintenance $45/m. Supervisory advancement 
opportunnities. Resident accommodations available; 
Hospital situated in tourist town off lake Huron. 
For further information write: Superintendent, Sau- 
geen Memorial HOlpital, Southampton, Ontario. 
7-122-\ 


REGISTERED NURSES required immediately for 53- 
bed hospital. Minimum salary $415. Three weeks 
vacation, pension, life and medical insurance, 8 
statutory holidays, 40 hour week. Air, roil and road 
communicatian. Northern hospitality. Apply to, Direc- 
tor of Nurses.. Porcupine General Hospital, South 
Porcupine, Onto 7-123-1 


Regi.tered Nurse. for 18-bed (expanding to 36 bed) 
General Hospital in Mining and Resort town of 5,000 
people. Beautifully located on Wawa lake, 140 miles 
north of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Wide variety of 
summer and winter sports including swimming, boot- 
ing, fishing, golfing, skating, curling and bowling. 
Six churches of different faiths. Salarie. comparable 
with all northern hospitals. limited bed and board 
available at reasonable rate. Excellent personnel 
policies, pleasant working conditions. Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, The lady Dunn General Hospital, 
Box 179, Wawa, Ontario. 7-140-1 B 


Regiltered Nur.el and Regiltered Nurling Alsiltants 
for 100-bed General Ho.pital, situated in Northern 
Ontorio. Salary range $415 - $455 per month, RNA's 
$273 - $3t7 per manth, shift differential, annual 
increments, 40 hour week, OHSC and P.S.I. plans in 
effect. Accommolation available in residence if 
desired. For full particulars apply to: The Director 
of Nurses, lady Minto Hospital, Cochrane, Ontario. 
7-30-1 B 


Regiltered Nurse. and Regiltered Nursing Alsiltants 
are invited to make application to our 75-bed, 
modern General Hospital. You will be in the Vaca- 
tionland of the North, midway between the lakehead 
and Winnipeg, Manitoba. Basic wage for Registered 
Nurses is $408 and for Reg istered Nursing As.istants 
is $285 with yearty increments and consideration for 
experience. Write or phone: The Director of Nursing, 
Dryden DiltricT General Haspital, DRYDEN, Ontario. 
7-26-IA 


Regiltered Nurse. and Regiltered Nursing Alilitonts 
for 160-bed accredited hospital. Starting .alary $4\5 
and $285 re.pectively with regular annual incre- 
ments for both. Excellent personnel palicies. Resid- 
ence accommodation available. Apply to: Director af 
Nursing, Kirkland & District Hospital, Kirkland lake, 
Ontaria. 7.67- I 


Regiltered Nurses and Registered Nurting Alliston's 
for 123-bed accredited ho.pital. Starting .alary $400 
and $255 respectively with regular increments for 
both. Usual fringe benefits. For full information, 
apply to: Director of Nurling, Dufferin Area Hos- 
pital, Orangeville, Ontario. Phone 941.2410. 7-90-1 


Regiltered Nurse. and Regiltered Nurling Alliltants 
required for 215-bed accredited hospital. For salary 
rate. and personnel policie. apply to, Directar af 
Nursing, Norfalk General Hospital, Simcoe, Onto 
7-118-1 


JUNE 1%7 



, 


. 
. 
. 
. 
Exciting Albany Medical Center, that's where! You'll enjoy · 
your work at the fastest-growing teaching hospital in upstate · 
. 
New York. And you'll enjoy your surroundings, too. . . including . 
the summer music festivals of the Philadelphia and Boston . 
Symphony Orchestras. . . thrilling horse racing at Saratoga. .. . 
scenic Lake George and the Adirondack Mountains. . . and the .. 
bright lights of nearby New York City. Our career opportunities · 
for nurses are the best ever! For details, send for our free : 
booklet, "Albany Medical Center Nurse." . 
. 
. 
. 


GO!... Where the ACTION is! 


Albany Medical Center Hospital 


JUNE 1967 


. 



 


I 


, 


Ormandy conducts at Saratoea Performine Arts Center 


Mrs. Helen Middleworth, Director, Nursing Service 
Albany Medical Center Hospital 
Albany, New York 12208 


Please send me a free copy of your nursing booklet. 


NAME ............. 


ADDRESS ........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 


WI 
CiTY.............. . STATE .... __. _ ..ZiP......... 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 55 



ONTARIO 


Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants. 
Starting Salary for R.N. is $415 ond for R.N.A. is $300. 
Allowance for experience. Excellent fringe benefits. 
Write; Mrs G. Gordon, Superintendent, Nipigon Cis. 
triet Memorial Hospital, Box 37, Nipigon, Ontario. 
7-87-1 


Registered Nurse and Registered Nursing Assistantl 
in modern 100-bed hospilol. siluoled 40 miles from 
Ottawa. Excellent personnel policies. Residence 
accommodation available. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing. Smilhs Foils Public HospilOI. Smilhs Foils, 
Ontario. 7-120-2A 


R.gist.r.d Nurs.s for Gen.ral Staff and Operating 
Room. Accredited 23S-bed. modern. General Hospital. 
Good personnel policies. Beginning salary $400 per 
month, recognition for experience, annual bonus plan. 
Planned in-service programs. Assistance with trans- 
porlalion. Apply: Direclor of Nursing. Sudbury Me- 
morial Hospital, Regent Street, S., Sudbury, Ontario. 
7-127-4 A 


General Staff Nurses and Registered Nur.ing As.i.. 
tants are required for a modern, well-equipped General 
Hospilal currently expanding to 167 beds. Silualed in 
a progressive community in South Western Ontario, 30 
miles from Windsor-Detroil Border. Salary scaled 10 
experience and qualifications. Excellent employee 
benefits and working conditions plus an opportunity 
to work in a Patient Centered Nursing Service. Write 
for further information to: Miss Patricia McGee, B. 
Sc.N., Reg.N. Director of Nursing, Leamington District 
Memorial Hospital, Leamington, Ontario. 7.69-1 A 


Registered or Graduate Nurses, required for modern 
92-bed hospilal. Residence accommodation $20 monlh. 
Iy. Overseas nurses '^ e/come. Lovely old Scollish 
Town near Ottawa. Apply: Director of Nursing, The 
Great War Memorial Hospilal. Perlh. Ontario. 7-100-2 


Regi.tered Nurses for General Duty in well.equipped 
28-bed hospilal. localed in growing gold mining 
and tourist area, north of Kenora, Ontario. Modern 
residence with individual rooms; room, board and 
uniform laundry only $50/m, 40-hr. wk.. no splil shift. 
cumulorive sick time, B statutory holidays and 28 
day paid vacation after one year. Starting salary 
$430. Apply 10: Matron. Margarel Cochenour Memo- 
rral Hospital. Cochenour, Ontario. 7.29-1 


REGtSTERED NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active 
accrediled well equipped 2B-bed hospilal. 30 miles 
from Ottawa. Residence accommodation. Good per- 
sonnel policies. Apply to: Administratrix, Kemplville 
Districl Hospilal. Kemptville, Onlario. 7-63-1 


REGISTERED NURSES required FOR GENERAL DUTY in 
o modern fully accrediled 3oo.bed hospilal. Excellenl 
working conditions, good personnel policies, -40 hour 
week, 9 statutory hol idays, 3 weeks annual vaca- 
lion. Apply giving full parliculars 10: Personnel 
Director, General Hospital, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. 
7-115-1 


Regi.tered Nurses for General Duty in 100.bed hos- 
pital, located 30'mi. from Ottawa, are urgently re- 
quired. Good personnel policies, accommodation 
available in new staff residence. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, District Memorial Hospital. Winchester, On- 
Iorio. 7-144-1 


General Duly Nur... for 66.bed General Hospilal. 
Storting salary: $405/m. Excellenl per.onnel policies. 
Pension plan, life insurance, etc., residence aCCom- 
modation. Only 10 min. from downtown Buffalo. 
Apply: Direclor of Nursing, Douglas Memorial Ho.. 
pilal. ForI Erie. On Iorio. 7-45-1 


General Duty Nur.es for active General 77-bed Hos- 
pital in heart of Muskoka Lakes area: salary range 
$400 - $460 with consideration for previous experience; 
excellent personnel policies and fringe benefits:nurses' 
residence available. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Huntsville District Memorial Hospital, Huntsville, On- 
Iorio. 7-59-t 


Gen.ral Duty Nur... for 100.bed modern hospilal. 
Southwestern Ontario, 32 mi. from London. Salary 
commensurate with experience and ability; $398/m 
basic salary. Pension plan. Apply giving full par- 
ticulars to: The Director of Nurses, District Memorial 
Hospilal. Tillsonburg. Onlario. 7-131-1 


Gen.ral Duly Nur.e.. C.rtified Nur.ing A.si.tants & 
Op.rating Room T.chnician (l) for new 5O-bed hos- 
pital with modern equipment, 40-hr. wk., B statutory 
holidays, excellent personnel policies & opportunity 
for advancement. Tourist town on Georgian Boy. 
Good bus connections to Toronto. Apply to: Director 
c..f Nurses, General Hospital, Meaford, Ontario. 7-79-J 


OPERATING ROOM NURSES (2) for a fully ac. 
ered ited 70-bed General Hospilal. For Operating 
Room Duly. Salary according 10 .xperience. Apply to: 
O.R. Supervisor, Penetanguishene General Hospital, 
Penetanguishene. Ontario. 7-99.2 


56 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


I I 


ONTARIO 


Qualified Public Health Nur... required for expand- 
ing generalized program in leading resort area. 
Attractive salary ranges, fringe benefits, and travel 
allowance. For full delail. please conlacl: W. H. 
Bennett. M.D.. D.P.H.. Medical Officer of Heallh. 
Muskoka and Dislrict Health Unit, Box 1019. Brace- 
bridge, Onlario. 7-15-2 
Public Health Nurses - General program. salary 
range $5.030 10 $6.148 plu. cosl of living bonu.. 
presenlly 3%. Slarting salary relaled to experience. 
Generous car allowance, cumulative sick leave 
monlh vacation. Employer shared O.M.E.R.S. and 
Canada Pension Plan, medical and hospital insurance. 
Apply to: Dr. E.G. Brown. M.O.H.. Kent County 
Health Unit. Chalham. Ontario. 7-24-4 


Assistant Supervisor, Public Health Nursing, for ac. 
tive, progressive Health Unit, with generalized pro- 
grams. A challenging opportunity for creative per- 
son with good knowledge of Public Heallh nursing. 
Considerable experience in this field essential, and 
cO.Jrse in Administration or Degree desirable. Year 
round sports paradise and seat of progressive Uni- 
versity and Communily College. Apply: Director. 
ForI William and District Health Un ii, 900 Arthur 
Streel, ForI William. Onlario. 7-47-4 


PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES (qualified) required for 
Health Unil silualed on Lake Huran. Pre.enl .Iaff 
to be increased in order to provide an increased 
geriatric service to Ihe communily. Salary $5.100- 
$6.300, wilh allowance for experience. One monlh 
vacation after one year; caf allowance; cost of 
medical and hospitalization insurance shared by 
employer. Apply 10: Direclor and Medical Officer 
of Health, Huron County Health Unit. Gaderich. 
Ontario. 7-51-2 


PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES (QUALlFtED) Staff 
positions available in the City of Oshawa. Duties to 
commence as saon as possible. Generalized program 
in an official agency. Salary $5.658 to $6.507. 
Beginning salary according to experience. Liberal 
personnel policies and fringe benefits. Apply to: Mr. 
D. Murroy. Personnel Officer. Cily Hall. 50 Cenlre 
Street. Oshawa. Ontario. 7-92-2 A 
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES for .cenic urban and rural 
heallh unit. close 10 the Capilal Cily in the Upper 
Ottawa Valley Tourri.t Area. Good .ummer and 
winter recreational facilities. Personnel palicies pre- 
sently under review. Direct enquiries to: Dr 
 R. V. 
Pelers. Director. Renfrew Counly Heallh Unit. 169 
William Streel. Pembroke. Ontario. 7-9B-2 A 
Public Health Nurses for generol ized programme in 
a Counly-Cily Health Unil. Salary schedule $5.400 
10 $6,600 per annum. 20 days vacation. Employer 
shared pension plan, P.S.I. and hospitalization. 
Mileage allowance or unit cars. Apply to: M;ss 
Veronica O'Leary. Supervisor of Public Health Nurs- 
ing. Pelerborough Counly-Cily Health Unit, P.O. 
Box 246, Pelerborough, Onlario. 7-101-4A 
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES required in attractive dis- 
trict bordering Lake Erie. Salory range $5.000-$6,000. 
Personnel policies include car allowance r OMERS 
and Canada Pension plans; 50% P.S.I. onO Hospilal 
Insurance, cumulative sick leave and liberal vacation. 
Apply 10: Dr. B.P. Harris, Director, Elgin-St. Thomas 
Heallh Unit. St. Thomas. On Iorio. 7-113-2 
Public Health Nun.. for expanding Health Unil. 
generalized program, in Weiland County, duties to, 
commence at mutual convenience. For personnel 
policcies, salaries and other information. Apply to: 
Direclor. Weiland and District Health Unit. King 
Street at Fourth. Weiland, Onlario. 7-141-2 A 
Vacancies for Staff Pubtic H.atth Nun... Salary 
range $5.207 10 $6.59B. Usual benefits, for detail. 
apply: The Direclor, Sudbury and District Health 
Unil. 50 Cedar Slreet. Sudbury, Onlario. 7-127-5A 


QUEBEC 


R.gi.tered Nurs.. for 56-bed accrediled General 
Hospital. Accommodation available in molel fype 
residence complete with outdoor swimming pool. 
Salaries as approved by Q.H.I.S. Apply: Director of 
Nursing. The Barrie Memorial Hospital, Ormstown, 
Quebec. 9-52-1 
ATTENTION: EXPO 67: Private rooms and .emi- 
private for Expo at a nurses' residence in a new 
house. one mile from Expo. $15 a day per per- 
son, breakfast included and transportation to and 
from Expo .ite. $10 per per.on for room only. 
Reserve nOw Apply: Mde Marguerile Richard. 
R.N.. 3585 Beauford, Ville Bro..ard, Qu'. 
9-86-3 
MALE REGISTERED NURSE - Required 10 .faff fir.1 
aid posl 01 Arctic Airporl for the monlh. of June 
to September. Salary $750.00 per monlh. Free 
board and tronsporlalion. Apply Tower-Foundation 
Joint Venture. Suite 15, 1390 Sherbraok. Slreel 
W.st, Montreal. Tel.phone: 849-3551. 9.47-68 


I I 


QUEBEC 


NURSE FOR CHILDREN'S SUMMER CAMP. We re- 
quire a Nurse for our boys' camp in the Lauren- 
tians for six week.. beginning on July 4. Reply 10 
I. Waldmon, 5619 Rand Ave.. Montreal 29. P.Q. 
9-47-61 


SASKATCHEWAN 


Dir.ctor of Nursing for a modern 36-bed hospilal. 
Position open August I. t967. This hospital is fully 
a;r conditioned and opened in J964. A suite is 
available in a new residence. Salary is in accor- 
dance wilh Ihe SRNA recommendalions. Apply sIal. 
ing qualifications and salary expected to: Mr. J. L. 
Fawcett, Administrator, Rosetown Union Hospital, 
Roselown. Saskalchewan. 10-111-1 


Matron and R.gi.tered Nun.. for 12-bed ho.pilal 
01 St. Walburg, Saskatchewan. Salary .chedules 
will be bosed on Ihe SRNA recommendations. 
Apply 10: Malron. SI. Walburg Union Hospilal. 
St. Walburg, Saskalchewan. 10.114-1 


Regi.tered Nur.es and Certifi.d Nur.ing A..i.tant. 
for 750.bed hospilal. close 10 downlown. Building 
and expansion program in progress. SRNA recom a 
mended salaries in effect. Experience recognized 
Progressive personnel policies. Apply: Nursing Re. 
cruitement Officer, Regina General Hospital, Regina, 
Saskalchewan. 


Gen.ral Duty Nurse. urgenlly needed for 41-bed 
hospital 01 lie å 10 Crosse. northern Saskalchewan. 
Hospilal allractively loealed on Lake Side and .er. 
viced by highway. 5alary as per recommended 
schedule plus generous norlhern allowance. Board 
and meals can be provided at the ho.pilal 01 low 
rate. Applications fo be sent to the Administrator, 
SI. Joseph's Hospital. lie à 10 Crosse, Saskatche- 
wan. 10-48-1 


Generat Duty and Op.rating Ream Nur.... al.o 
C.rtified Nursing A..i.tant. for 560-bed Universily 
Hospital. Salary commensurate with experience and 
preparations. Excellent opportunities to engage in 
progressive nursing. Apply: Director of Personnel, 
University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. 
10-116.4A 


UNtTED STATES 


OR SUPERVISOR: immediate challenging career ap- 
pointment in stimulating San Francisco Bay area. 
Cultural and recreational advantages in ideal cli- 
mate vicinily. Completely modern general hospilal. 
Professional satisfaction in supervision of active 
surgery. Experience at supervisor and lor head 
nurs.. level preferred. Salary open. Liberal and in- 
clusive fringe benefits including hospitalization, life 
insurance, retirement, disability compensation, holi- 
day pay, sick leave to 30 paid days, vacation to 
four weeks wilh pay. Syslematic increases. For 
furlher information write or telephon. collect: Di- 
rector of Nursing, Eden Hospital. 20103 Lake Chabot 
Road. Ca.lro Valley. California. Area Cod. 4t5-537- 
1234. 15-5-13 


REGtSTERED NURSES - CALIFORNIA progres.ive hos. 
pilal in San Joaquin Valley has openings for R.N:.. 
located between San Francisco and Los Angeles near 
mountain, ocean and desert resorts. Paid vacation, 
paid sick leave, paid Blue Cross, disability insurance, 
voluntary retirement plan. Salary range from $SOO to 
$700 monlhly. Wrile: Personnel Director. Mercy Hos- 
pital. Bakersfield. California. 15-5.58A 


REGISTERED NURSES - Soulhern California - Op- 
portunitie. ovailabl. - 36B-bed modern hospital in 
Medical.Surgical, Labor and Delivery, Nursey, Oper- 
ating Room and Intensive and Coronary Care Units. 
Good salary and liberal fringe benefits. Continuing 
inservice education program. Located 10 miles from 
Los Angeles near skiing. swimming, cultural and edu. 
cational facilities. Temporary living accommodations. 
Apply: Director of Nursing Service. Saint Joseph 
Hospital. Burbank. California 91503. 15-5-63 


REGISTERED NURSES: 350.bed hospital, known 
throughoul 
oulhern California area for highest 
qualily nursing care. is .eeking PROFESSIONAL 
NURSES. Posilions open on all shift. and in many 
clinical specialties - I.C.U., open heart, etc. We 
offer lop wages and fringe benefils. an exceptional 
in-service program, and ore in the best possible 
Southern California location. If you de. ire Ihe 
opportunity to fulfill your professional nursing career 
under ideal condilions, bolh on and off Ihe job. 
conlact the Direclor of Nur.ing Service. SI. Mary'. 
Long Beach Hospital. 509 East tOth Slreet. Long 
Beach, California, 90813. 15-5-32 


JUNE 1967 




 


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tIle creatit.e side of the St. L"ke's '1UII.se 


Creativity is an important part of nursing at St. Luke's Hospital 
Center. Sometimes it calls for painting a little patient's hand; 
sometimes, for just holding it. But the creative nurse has that 
special ability for knowing how to express warmth and under- 
standing in a way that makes her patient a little more comfort- 
able, a little less afraid. Creativity makes her job a lot more 
satisfying too. 
To find out more about the creative life of the St. Luke's 
nurse and the many opportunities and benefits offered, return 
the coupon to us. 


" 


artist! 


r----------------
 
Director of Nursing Service C-IO 
ST. LUKE'S HOSPITAL CENTER 
Amsterdam Avenue at 114th Street, 
New York, N.Y. 10025 
Please send me your brochure about nursing 
at St. Luke's in New York City. 


o Tell me about your new policy for night nurses. 


NAME 
ADDRESS 


CITY 


STAT F 


ZIP CODE 


L___










___
 



UNITED STATES 


Registered Nursel and Certified Nursing Assistants. 
Opening in several oreas, all shifts. Every other week- 
end off, in smoll community hospitol 2 miles from 
Boston. Rooms available. Hospital paid life insurance 
ond other liberol fringe benefits. RN solory $100 per 
week, plus differentiol of $20 for 3-11 p.m. ond 
11-7 o.m. shifts. C.N. Ass'ts. $80 weekly plus $10 for 
3-11 p.m. ond 11-7 o.m. shifts. Must re
d, write, 
ond speok English. Write: Miss Byrne, Dorector of 
Nurses, Chelseo Memoriol Hospitol, Chelseo, Mos- 
sochusetts 02150. 15-22-1 C 


Medical Technologist for occredited hospitol in 
charming, small historic town. Free roOm and board 
with liberal personnel policy. Salary commensurate. 
Excellent working conditions without pressure. In- 
quire Administrator, Nantucket Hospital, Nantucket, 
Moss. 02554 15-22-8 


Staff Nurses - Opportunities in 011 oreos. 467-bed 
occredited generol teoching hospitol with NLN oc- 
credited diplomo school of nursing, locoted ot the 
gateway to Michigan's beout
ful vacation land. 
Progressive personnel policies, differential for eve- 
nings and nights. Apply: W. C. Plakos, Personnel 
Director, Butterworth Hospital, 100 Michigan N.E., 
Grand Rapids, Michigan. t 5.23-1 2 


I I 


UNITED STATES 


REGISTERED NURSES: Excellent apportunity for advan- 
cement in atmosphere of medical excellence. Pro-. 
gressive patient care including Intensive Care and 
Cardiac Care Units. Finely equipped growing 200-bed 
suburban community hospital on Chicago's beautiful 
North Shore. Modern, furnished apartments are 
available for single professional women. Other 
fringe benefits include paid vacation after six 
months. paid life insurance. 50% tuition refund and 
staff development program. Salary range from $500- 
$610. Contact: Donald L. Thompson, R.N., Director 
of Nursing, Highland Park Hospital, Highland Park, 
I Jlinois 60035. 15-14-3B 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES. Salary, days $500-$550; 
p.m. $525-$575; nights $520-$570 per month. In- 
creases January I, 1967. Excellent benefits. 230-bed 
regional referral General Hospital with intensive 
care and coronary units. Postgraduate classes avail.. 
able at two universities. Extensive intern and resi.. 
dent teaching program. Hospital located adjacent to 
Northwest's largest private clinic. Fre.. housing first 
month. Canadian trained nurses with psychiatric 
affiliation please write: Personnel Director, Virginia 
Mason Hospitol, 1111 Terry Avenue, Seattle, Wash- 
ington 98101. 15-48-2B 


J 


NIGHT NURSE? 
University Hospital is pleased to announce that starting pay for night 
nurses now ranges from $30.00 to $33.00 per shift ($7,830 to $8,613 
for an annual starting salary)-depending on education and experience. 
After 4 years service, night nurse salaries range up to $9,396.00 
per year. The base pay for permanent evening and rotating tours 
has also been increased plus excellent University Staff benefits are 
offered to all nurses. 
University Hospital has a Service Department which assigns trained 
personnel to handle paperwork and other non-nursing chores, 
rellevmg our nurses for patient care exclusively. 
Ann Arbor is nationally known as a Center of Culture with emphasis on 
art, music and drama-and recognized as an exciting and desirable 
community in which to live. 
Write to Mr. George A. Higgins, A6001, University Hospital, 
University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan for 
more information. or phone collect (313) 764-2172. 
We are an Equal Opportunity Employer 


UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 
MEDICAL CENTER, ANN ARBOR 


58 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


ONTARIO SOCIETY 


FOR 


CRIPPLED CHILDREN 


'f 


Invites applications from Public 
Health Nurses who have at least 
2 years experience in general- 
ized public health nursing, pre- 
ferably in Ontario. 


INTERESTING AND VARIED 
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 
IN AN EXPANDING PROGRAM 
INCLUDE: 


. an opportunity to work direct- 
ly with children, their parents, 
health and welfare agencies, 
and professional groups 


. participation in arranging 
diagnostic and consultant cli- 
nics 


. assessing the needs of the 
individually handicapped child 
in relation to services provided 
by Easter Seal Clubs and the 
Society. 


Attractive salary schedule with 
excellent benefits. Car provided. 
Pre-service preparation with sa- 
lary. 


Apply in writing to: 


Director r Nursing Service r 
350 Rumsey Road r 
Toronto 17r Ontario 


JUNE 1967 



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ROY AL ALEXANDRA HOSPITAL 


EDMONTON, ALBERTA 


Active treatment hospitol complex of 800 beds, with on odditionol 
213 bed Children's Povilion, opening in June, 1967. Services include 
a Women's Pavilion, Emergency and Out Patienf Services, ond 29 
bed Intensive Core Unit. Intensive Core Employees ore given 0 20- 
hour inservice progrom. Professional stoff one! cerfified nursing oides 
ore poid 0 so lory commensurote with previous experience and ad- 
difional responsibilifies imposed in the deportment. 


POSITIONS AVAILABLE: 


Evening Supervisor Children's Pavilion 
Head Nurses - Surgery 
General Staff Nurses for 011 services. 


This modern Hospital provides excellent working conditions with 
current personnel policies. General stoff nurse Salary $380-$450 
with recognition for experience 000 post bosic education. 


NURSES! An opportunity to 
GIVE and to RECEIVE 
SOMETHING OF VALUE 


You may have the satisfaction of contributing a 
valuable service with scope for promotion, and op- 
portunity for sponsorship of further education in the 
following positions: 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING EDUCATION 
CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR 
GENERAL DUTY NURSE IN OPERATING 
ROOM OR INTENSIVE CARE UNIT 


Planned orientation and an active Staff Development 
Programme for all nursing staff. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, 
STRATFORD GENERAL HOSPITAL 
The Festival City 
of 
Stratford, Ontario. 


JUNE 1967 




 



 



 
. 


TORONTO GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 
1820-1967 
UNIVERSITY TEACHING 
AND RESEARCH CENTRE 
(1.300 Beds) 
PROFESSIONAL GROWTH 
Planned Programmes in 
- Orientation 
- Staff Education 
Staff Development 
PERSONNEL POLICIES 


Salaries: 
- Commensurate with Qualifications, Experience 
3 weeks vacation 
8 statutory holidays 
Cumulative Sick Leave 
Pension plan 
Hospitalization and medical insurance plan. 
Uniforms laundered Free 


OPPORTUNITIES FOR 
General Staff Nurses 
Registered Nursing Assistants 
in 


Clinical Services: 
- Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics, Gynaecology 
Specialty Units: 
Cardiovascular, Clinical Investigation, Coro- 
nary, Neurosurgery, Psychiatry, Operating 
Room, Recovery Room, Renal dialysis, Res- 
piratory 
Administrative and Teaching Positions: 
- Consideration given to applicants with Uni- 
versity preparation and I or experience. 
Applicants' requests for any of the above positions 
will be given careful consideration. 
For additional information write: 
Miss M. Jean Dodds, 
Director of Nursing, 
TORONTO GENERAL HOSPITAL 
101 College Street 
Toronto 2, Ontario. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 59 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
EDUCATION 


Required for the Kitchener-Waterloo Hospital School 
of Nursing with an enrolment of 180 students. 
Modern residence and classroom facilities completed 
in 1964. 
Responsibilities will include general organization, 
operation and supervision of the School, including 
the recruitment of students. Desirable qualifications 
should include a B.S.N. Degree with several years 
of experience in Nursing Education. 
Salary will be commensurate with qualifications and 
experience. 


Please address al/ enquiries to: 


The Administrator 


KITCHENER.WATERLOO HOSPITAL 


835 King Street West 
Kitchener r Ontario 


PRINCIPAL 


REGIONAL SCHOOL 
OF NURSING 


Applications are invited for the 
position of Principal of the Edith 
Cavell Regional School of Nurs- 
ing. 
Plans are being developed to 
provide classroom facilities for 
210 students. Residence accom- 
modation will be constructed on 
the school premises. Clinical in- 
struction will be provided in hos- 
pitals located at Trenton, Picton, 
Campbellford and Belleville. 


Applications and enquiries should 
be addressed to: 
The Secretary 
EDITH CA YELL REGIONAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
c/o The Belleville General 
Hospital 
Belleville, Ontario 


60 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


ISRAEL 


invites the services of 


QUALIFIED NURSES 


A wide variety of positions is available. 
Applications are forwarded to Israel for evaluation. 
Applicants are then informed of job openings which 
meet their requirements. 
Minimum Service: Three years. 
Transportation loans given, which will convert into 
grants at the conclusion of the three-year contract. 
Nurses who do not have a working knowledge of 
Hebrew will be enrolled in a 5-month Hebrew lang- 
uage course (UlPAN), prior to assuming their posi- 
tion. 
Housing at moderate rates is available. 


Nurses interested apply and send their resume to: 


JEWISH ACENCY FOR ISRAEL 


1247 Guy Street 
Montreal 25, Quebec 
Tel.: 931-1804 


PROVINCE OF 
BRITISH COLUMBIA 


INSTRUCTOR 


requires 


Aide Orientation and Training Program 
for 
Div. of Nursing Education, Mental Health 
Services, ESSONDALE, B.C. 
SALARY: $456 rising ta $559 per monfh, 
plus $25 per month for certificate or 
University degree ar $10 per month for 
clinical program; plus $30 per month 
for two years' teaching experience in a 
psychiatric nurse program. 
DUTIES: Instructing psychiatric aides, cur. 
riculum planning; word teaching and de- 
monstrotion, examining new trends. 
Applicanfs must be Canadian citizens or 
British subjects with membership or el- 
igibility for membership as Registered 
Nurse in B.C., preferably with post-basic 
preparation in teaching, supervision and 
psychiatric nursing and suitable experi- 
ence in general or psychiatric nursing. 


Obtain application forms from 
The Personnel Officer, B.C. Civil 
Service r Valleyview Lodges, ES- 
SON DALE, B.C. 
COMPETIßON NO. 67:372 


188 Marlee Ave. 
Toronto, Ontario 
Tel.: 787-6171 


OTTAWA GENERAL 
HOSPIT AL 


-620 beds fully accredited 
-University affiliated 
-hospital provides experience 
in 


OPERATING ROOM, 
PEDIATRICS, 
ORTHOPEDICS, 
OBSTETRICS, 
RENAL METABOLIC UNIT, 
GENERAL SURGERY, 
and MEDICINE. 


-Salary is commensurate with 
preparation and experience. 


Apply to: 
Personnel Office 
OTTAWA GENERAL HOSPITAL 
43 Bruyere Street 
Ottawa 2, Ontario 


JUNE 1967 



there are over 


200,000 


m 0 r e 


who need your help! 


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REGISTERED NURSES e PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES 
CERTIFIED NURSING ASSISTANTS 
Have you considered a Career with the... 
Indian Health Services of MEDICAL SERVICES 
DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE 


for further information write to: MEDICAL SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE, OTTAWA, CANADA 


ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING 


Applications are invited for the 
above position in a fully ac- 
credited 163-bed General Hos- 
pital in beautiful Northern On- 
tario. 


Desirable qualifications should 
include B.S.N. Degree with ex- 
perience in supervision. 


For further information, 
Write to: 


Director of Nursing 


KIRKLAND and DISTRICT HOSPITAL 


Kirkland Lake, Ontario. 


JUNE 1967 


VICTORIA HOSPITAL 


LONDON, ONTARIO 


Modern l,OOO-bed hospital 
Requires 
Registered Nurses for 
all services 
and 
Registered 
Nursing Assistants 


40 hour week - Pension plan 
- Good salaries and Personnel 
Policies. 


Apply: 


Director of Nursing 


VICTORIA HOSPITAL 


London, Onto 


ST. JOSEPH'S 
HOSPITAL 
HAMIL TON, 
ONTARIO 


A modern, progressive hospital, 
located in the centre of Ontario's 
Golden Horseshoe- 
invites applications for 
GENERAL STAFF 
NURSES 


and 
REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 


Immediate openings are avail- 
able in Operating Room, Psy- 
chiatry, Intensive Care - Coro- 
nary Monitor Unit, Obstetrics, 
MediCal, Surgical and Paediatrics. 
For further information write to: 
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 


Hamilton, Ontario 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 61 



nurses 


who want to 
nurse 


At York Central you can join 
an active. interested group of 
nurses who want the chance to 
nurse in its broadest sense. Our 
I 26-bed. fully accredited hospi- 
tal is young. and already talking 
expansion. Nursing is a profes- 
sion we respect and we were the 
first to plan and develop a unique 
nursing audit system; new mem- 
bers of our nursing staff do not 
necessarily start at the base salary 
of $372 per month but get added 
pay for previous years of work. 
There are opportunities for gain- 
ing wide experience. for getting 
10 know patients as well as staff. 


Situated in Richmond Hill, all 
the cultural and entertainment fa- 
cilities of Metropolitan Toronto 
are available a few miles to the 
South . " and the winter and 
summer holiday and week-end 
pleasures of Ontario are easily 
accessible to the North. If you 
are really interested in nursing. 
you are needed and will be made 
welcome. 


Apply in person or by mail to the 
Director of "J"ursing. 


YORK 
CENTRAL 
HOSPITAL 


RICHMOND HILL. 
ONTARIO 
NEW STAFF RESIDENCE 


62 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


WILSON MEMORIAL 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


requires 


REGISTERED NURSES FOR 
GENERAL DUTY 
REGtSTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 


20-bed hospifal. Sifuated in a thriving 
Northwestern Ontario community. 
Room and board provided. 


For lull particulars, 
Write to: 


Director of Nursing 
Marathon, Ontario 


GENERAL HOSPITAL 


ST. JOHN'S, NEWFOUNDLAND 


Opporfunify for Instrucfors in all areas of 
nursing. in progressive School of Nursing, 
where new ideas are welcomed. 


Program consists of two years of planned 
study and practice. completely controlled 
by School. plus one year of internship. 
New School and residence with swimming 
pool in rapidly growing city of 100,000 
people. Good personnel policies. So lory 
under review. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
St. John's, Newfoundland 


DAUPHIN GENERAL HOSPITAL 
DAUPHIN. MANITOBA 


A 130-bed hospital locafed ten miles 
norfh of Riding Mountain Notional Pork 
ond the summer resort of Cleor Lake 
requires: 
Director of Inservice Education 
Head Nurse for Obstetrics and 
Gynecology Unit 
Head Nurse for Male Surgery 
and 
General Duty Nurses for all 
nursing areas. 
Duties to commence AuguSf or Sepfember 


Apply stating qualifications to: 
Director of Nursing 
DAUPHIN GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Dauphin, Manitoba 


SUNNYBROOK 
HOSPIT At 


REGISTERED NURSES 


General Duty Nurses on rotating 
shifts are needed as part of the 
re-organization of Sunnybrook as 
a university teaching hospital. 
Employment in our Nursing Ser- 
vices Department includes: 


Metro Toronto Salary Scale 
Accommodation at reduced 
rates. Full range of fringe 
benefits 


Theree weeks vacation after 
1 year 


Good location 
subway on 
grounds. 


bus from 
to hospital 


For additional information, 
please write: 
Director of Personnel 
and Public Relations, 


SUNNYBROOK HOSPITAL 


2075 Bayview Avenue 
Toronto 12, Ontario 


JUNE 1967 



ST. JOSEPH'S GENERAL HOSPITAL 


PORT ARTHUR, ONTARIO 
In June 1967 the opening of the new addition to the 1960 wing will complete 
our 250-bed modern hospital. Applications are invited for the following Services: 
Surgical, Medical, Pediatrics and Rehabilitation. 


HEAD NURSES for 
3 NURSING UNITS 


HEAD NURSE for O. R. 


.' 


B.Se.N. with experience 
preferred 


.1!!"' 
'1" .- 


Salary Commensurate with 
qualifications and 
experience 


,..r ! 
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REGISTERED NURSES 


REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 


ORDERLIES 


- ---..' 


Planned Orientation 
Continuing Inservice 
Education 


- 


. 


Excellent Personnel Policies 


Opportunity to continue education at lakehead University 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing Service 
ST. JOSEPH'S GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Port Arthur, Ontario r Canada. 


... 


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THE SCARBOROUGH 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Invites applications from General Duty Nurses. Excellent personnel 
policies. An active and stimulating In-Service Education and 
Orientation Progromme. A modern Management Training Pro- 
gramme to assist the career-minded nurse to assume managerial 
positions. Salary is commensurate with experience and ability. We 
encourage you to toke advantage of the opportunities offered in 
this new and expanding hospital with its extended services in 
Paediatrics, Orthopaedics, Psychiatry, Cardiology. Operoting Room. 
Emergency, and Intravenous Theropy. 


For further information write to: 
Director of Nursing 
SCARBOROUGH GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Scarborough, Ontario 


JUNE 1967 


MEDICAL CENTER HOSPITAL OF VERMONT* 
Mary Fletcher Unit 


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Our patients come in all sizes. 
Only your career opportunities 
here are uniformly big. 


1------------------------, 
I Personnel Office, Dept. 406 I 
I Medical Center Hospital of Vermont : 
: Burlington, Vermont 05401 I 
I Please tell me more about nursing in Vermont. I 
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.Combining Maril Fletcher Hospital and DeGocsbriand Memorial Hospital 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 63 



CORNWALL REGIONAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 


invites applications from 


TEACHERS OF NURSING 


Here is an opportunity to participate in the develop- 
ment of a progressive program which emphasizes 
educational experience for Students. The program will 
consist of a two year course, followed by one year 
of nursing internship. 
The new School is independently incorporated and 
will be located in its own new educational and res- 
idential building. The first class of Students will be 
admitted in September, 1967. 
You would enjoy living in the friendly, thriving Sea- 
way City that has excellent holiday swimming and 
camping facilities and which is within one hour's 
distance of Ottawa and Montreal. 
Applicants should be registered, or eligible for regis- 
tration in Ontario and have advanced preparation in 
teaching and/or nursing. Copies of Personnel Poli- 
cies will be forwarded on request. 
For further information, write to: 
THE DIRECTOR 
Cornwall Regional School of Nursing 
Box No. 939, Cornwall, Ontario 


ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPIT At 


TORONTO, ONTARIO 
REGISTERED NURSES 
and 
REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 


70o-bed fully accredited hospital provides 
experience in Operating Room, Recovery 
Roam, Intensive Core Unit, Pediatrics 
Orthopedics, Psychiafry, General Surgery 
and Medicine. 
Orienfation and Active Inservice program 
for all stoff. 
Salary is commensurate with preporation 
and experience. 
Benefits include Canada Pension Plan, 
Hospilol Pension Pion, Group Life Insu. 
rance. After 3 months, cumulative sick 
leave - Onlorio Hospital Insurance - 
50% payment by hospital. 
ROloting Periods of duty - 40 hour week, 
S slofutory holidoys - annual vacation 
3 weeks after one year. 


Apply: 


Assistant Director of 
Nursing Service 


ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 


30 The Queen.way 
Taranto 3, Ontario 


64 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



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Applications are invited from 
REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


For full time, 40 hour week, Rotation Duty. 
One Weekend off Duty every three weeks. 
Vacancies in Medical, Surgical, Obstetric, 
Paediatric, Operating Room, Intensive Care 
and Emergency Unit. Active 'nservice and 
Orientation programs as well as excellent 
personnel policies and fringe benefits. 


Director of Nursing 


TORONTO EAST GENERAL 
AND ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL 


Toronto 6, Ontario 


INSTRUCTORS 


IN 


OBSTETRICAL NURSING 
MEDICAL.SURGICAL 
NURSING 


Dufies to include classroom teaching and 
clinical insfruction. Assisting in the deve- 
lopment of a new curriC\Jlum and Re- 
gionol School. 


B.Sc.N. or diploma in Nursing Educotion 
required. Excellent solory range and 
fringe benefits. 


Personnel Director 


Apply; 


BELLEVILLE GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 


Belleville, Ontario 


THE HOSPITAL 
FOR 
SICK CHILDREN 
School of Nursing 
Applications are invited for the 
TEACHING STAFF 
Opportunity to participate in 
Curriculum Development. Chan- 
ges anticipated for 1968 in Basic 
Nursing Program and Affiliate 
Program. 
QUALIFICATIONS: 
Bachelor of Science in Nursing 
or Diploma in Nursing Education. 
Salaries are according to educa- 
tion and experience. 
For further information, 
write to: 
The Associate Director of 
Nursing Education 
THE HOSPITAL fOR 
SICK CHILDREN 


Toronto 2, Ontario 


JUNE 1967 



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UNIVERSITY 
OF ALBERTA 
HOSPITAL 


EDMONTON, ALBERTA, 
CANADA 


A 1,200 bed teaching hospital, with a School of Nursing of 450 students. A rapidly expanding Medical 
Center, situated on a growing University Campus. 


NURSING OFFERS 


* Planned Orientation Programme 
* In Service Educafion P'ogramme 
* Organized programme to provide op- 
portunifies for Team Leaders, Leader. 
ship Responsibility 
* Opportunifies for Professional develop- 
ment in O.R., Coronary Care, Cardiac 
Surgery, Renal Dialysis, Neurosurgery, 
and Rehabilifation 


For more information write to: 
Director of Nursing 


UNIVERSITY 
OF ALBERTA 
HOSPITAL 


Edmonton, Alberta 
Canada 


BENEFITS 


* Excellenf Patienf Care Facilifies 


* Salary scaled ta qualification and ex 
perience 


* Liberal personnel policies 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 
WOODSTOCK 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO 


Will require 


TEACHERS - AUGUST, 1967 


For the approved two year cur- 
riculum with a third year of ex- 
perience in nursing service.- (50 
students enrolled annually) 
Qualifications: University prepa- 
ration in Nursing Education or 
Public Health. 
Salary: Commensurate with ex- 
perience and education. 


Apply to: 


The Director,S
hool of Nursing, 
WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Woodstock, Ontario. 


JUNE 1967 


GUELPH 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


ACTlVE-200 BEDS-FUllY 
ACCREDITED 


requires 


GENERAL STAFF NURSES 
REGISnREO 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 


Pleasant City of 48,500, one 
hour from Toronto Via 401. 
Good personnel policies. 


For further details apply to: 
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Guelph, Ontario 


AJAX AND 
PICKERING 
GENERAL HOSPIT AL 


AJAX, ONTARIO 
127 Beds 


Nursing the patient as an indi- 
vidual. Vacancies, General Duty 
R.N.'s and Registered Nursing 
Assistants for all areas, Full time 
and part time. Salaries as in Me- 
tro Toronto. Consideration for ex- 
perience and education. Excellent 
fringe benefits. Residence accom- 
modation, single rooms, House- 
keeping privileges. 


Apply to: 
NURSING OFFICE PERSONNEL 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 65 



THE HOSPITAL 


FOR 


SICK CHILDREN 


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OFFERS: 


I. Satisfying experience_ 


2. Stimulating and friendly en- 
vironment. 


3. Orientation and In-Service 
Education Program. 


4. Sound Personnel Policies 


5. liberal vacation. 


APPLICATIONS FOR REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS INVITED. 


For detailed in/ormation 
please write fo: 


The Assistant Director 
of Nursing 
AUXILIARY Sf AFF 


555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Ontario, Canada 


66 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 


HOSPITAL - 
Newly expanded 350-bed hospital. Progressive patient care con- 
cept. 


SALARY - 
General Staff Nurses (Currently Registered in Ontario) $400.00 - 
$480. - 5-increments. 
Registered Nursing Assistants (Currently Registered in Ontario) 
$295.00 - $331.00, - 3 increments. 
HOUSING - 
Furnished apartments available at subsidized rates. 


JOB SATISFACTION - 
High quality patient care and friendly working environment. We 
appreciate our personnel and encourage their professional develop- 
ment. 


You are invited to enquire concerning employment opportunities to: 
Director of Nursing 


HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 


200 Church Street, Weston, Ontario 
Telephone 249.8111 (Toronto) 


CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL 


requires immediately 


REGISTERED GENERAL DUTY NURSES 


This is a modern 1,000-bed hospital including a new 
200-bed convalescent-rehabilitation section. Benefits 
include Pension Plan, sick leave, and shift differen- 
tial plus a liberal vacation policy and salary range 
$380 - $450 per month commensurate with training 
and experience. 


Apply fo: 


Director of Nursing Service 


CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Calgary, Alberta 


JUNE 1967 



What does 
Methodist Hospital 
have to offer me? 


At the Methodist Hospital, where research is a part 
of progress, a nursing career takes on new horizons - 
rich in meaning and professional satisfaction. 
If you're looking for the chance to be the nurse 
you've always dreamed of - coming to the world 
famous Methodist Hospital can be an adventure - 
almost like stepping into the future - splendid 
facilities, 50 much advance equipment and 
everywhere the newest medical and patient care 
techniques are in use. 
Some of the best aspects of nursing at METHODIST 
are as old as medicine itself - there is a spirit of 
kindness and consideration, and emphasis on patient 
care, that make this a hospital where nursing is 
satisfying and rewarding, day by day. 
Methodist Hospital is right in the center of the world's 
great Medical, Research and Educational complexes. 
HOUSTON is an exciting city - rodeo and opera, 
pro-football and the famous Alley Theatre, water sports 
and beaches an hour or less away, the Houston 
Symphony and the Astrodome! 


A Few Quick Facts: We're affiliated with Baylor 
University College of Medicine and associated with 
Texas Woman's University College of Nursing. 
New $9Y2 million Cardiovascular and Orthopedic 
Research Center will open soon. Our Inservice 
Education Department gives you thorough 
orientation, and continued instruction in new 
concepts and techniques. You'll find every 
encouragement to broaden your skills, 
including tuition assistance in obtaining 
further education in nursing. 


Send for Your Colorful Informative Illustrated 
Brochure .. to learn about Methodist Hospital, 
Houston, positions available, salary and employment 
benefits, tuition allowance, complimentary room 
accommodation and our Nurse Specialist Programs. 
Write, call or send coupon, Director of Personnel, 
The Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, 
Houston, Texas 77025 


.. 


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r-------------------------------------. 
I Director of Personnel, THE METHODIST HOSPITAL, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77025 I 
I Please send me your brochure about nursing opportunities at THE METHODIST HOSPITAL-Texas Medical Center I 
I I 
I Name I \ 
I Add ress I 
I I 
I City State Zip Code I 
L_____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __._ _ __ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _______ 


VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPIT AL 


HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA 


THE PLACE TO 
CENTENNIAL 


BE IN 
YEAR! 


OTTAWA CIVIC HOSPITAL 
Ottawa, Ontario 


Invites applications from Registered Nurses 
for all services including operating room, 
recovery room, intensive care and emergency 
in completely new wing. 


Salary range for General Staff positions 
$360.00 - $420.00 per month 
and other liberal benefits. 


Direct enquiries to: 


Director of Nursing, 


Enjoy life in green and pleasanf Ottawa. Doily 
frain and bus service fo Expo '67! Challenging 
work in a modern teaching Hospital of 1087 
beds, where adminisfration is progressive and 
sfaff parficipation encouraged. In-Service Educe- 
tion progrom well established. Excellent salaries, 
personnel policies and fringe benefits to: 


REGISTERED NURSES 


for all services including Operating Room and 
Psychiatry. 


Apply in writing to: 


3383 


Halifax, Nova Scotia 


VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Miss B. JEAN MILLIGAN, Reg.N., M.A. 
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR. 


JUNE 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 67 



IN-SERVICE CO-ORDINATOR 


THE HOSPITAL 
A fully accredited 200 bed teaching hospital. 
Present services include short-term active treat- 
ment for mental illness, tuberculosis and chest 
diseases. Planned expansion includes construc- 
tion of a 60 bed Rehabilitation Unit and a 60 
bed Psychiatric Unit for Children. 
THE POSITION 
A challenging senior position offering an oppor- 
tunity to develop and implement a fully sup- 
ported continuing orientation and staff educa- 
tion programme. 


QUALIFICATIONS 
Degree or Diploma in Nursing Education plus 
two years' teaching experience and a good 
knowledge of the principles of psychiatric nurs- 
ing. Other applicants with appropriate back- 
grounds will be given full consideration. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
ROYAL OTTAWA 
SANATORIUM 


Ottawa 3, Ontario 


DIRECTOR OF SCHOOL 
OF NURSING 


REQUIRED FOR 
DISTRICT SCHOOL OF NURSING 


Minimum Requirement - B. Sc. N., with five years 
experience, two of these in Nursing Education. 


Apply to: 


Mr. Harold Swanson, Chairman, 


BOARD OF NURSING EDUCA nON 


220 Clarke Street 


WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO 


68 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


MAIMONIDES HOSPITAL 
AND HOME FOR THE AGED 


AN OPPORTUNITY.... 
A CHALLENGE.... 
A NEW EXPERIENCE.... 


SUPERVISORS, STAFF NURSES, NURSING 
ASSISTANTS, INSTRUCTORS, PSYCHIATRIC 
NURSE: 


We invite you to join the nursing staff of New Mai. 
monides. 


LIBERAL VACATION . HEALTH AND 
PENSION PLANS . SALARIES COM- 
MENSURATE WITH RECOGNIZED SCALES 


Apply to: 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


5795 Caldwell Avenue 
Montreal 29, Quebec 


REGISTERED NURSES 


Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois is a 
new 587-bed General Hospital, located in a pleasant 
suburb of Chicago. 
The hospital is modern with a wide range of services 
to patients, including Hyperbaric Oxygen Unit. Low- 
cost modern housing next to the hospital is available. 
The hospital is completely air-conditioned. 
Annual beginning salary is from $6,000 plus shift 
differential pay. Regular salary increments at six 
months of service and yearly thereafter. Sick leave 
and other fringe benefits are also available. 


Write or call collect: 


Director of Nursing Services 


LUTHERAN GENERAL HOSPITAL 
PARK RIDGE, ILLINOIS 60068 
Telephone: 692-2210 Ext. 211 
Area Code: 312 


JUNE 1967 




 

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01 
at our 
eSI'e"se 


If you're ready for a change, but 
reluctant to make the move, we 
have an added incentive-a free 
airline ticket. Of course, it isn't 
really free-you'll have to take a 
position in a modern, progressive, 
expanding hospital and you'll 
have to live in a high, mild, sun- 
ny metropolitan area, rich in 
educational and cultural oppor- 
tunities. But that isn't too much 
to ask, is it? 

h 


PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL CENTER 
ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO 87106 


**Starting salary to $555 a monfh 
..500.bed hospitol 
**Personal orientation program 
**liberal fringe benefits 
**Confinuing educational programs 
**Coreer advancement opportunities 
**Two universities 
**Twenfy minutes from nearby 
mountains 


EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER 


M
oI coupon or c
1I collect (505.243-9411, Ext. 219) 


Mrs_ Susan Dicke. Director of NlJfsP Recruitment 
PresbyterIan Hospllal Center. Departmenl 81 
Albuquerque. New Mexico 87106 


Please mall me more information about nursmg 
at Presbyterian Hospital Center and tell me how 
I may fly there al your expense 


Name 


Address 


C,ly 


Slat. 


School of Nursing 


Year 01 Graduallon _Monlh 


JUNE 1967 


OWEN SOUND GENERAL 
AND MARINE HOSPITAL 


requires 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES 


This 250-bed modern hospital is 
located in a year round recrea- 
tion area with activities only 
minutes from hospital or home. 
Salary $400 - $480 per month. 
Experience and post basic edu- 
cation recognized. A new Re- 
gional School of Nursing com- 
mences this fall and a 2 + 1 
Educational Programme is pre- 
sently in progress. 


Apply to: 


Miss W. Bell, 
Director of Nursing Service. 


ASSIST ANT 
DIRECTOR 


of 
NURSING EDUCATION 
Applicants are invited for this 
position in a new and well 
equipped School of Nursing 
building. New curriculum for an 
Independent School being de- 
veloped. Total enrollment of 150- 
200 students. Salaries and Fringe 
Benefits at Metropolitan level. 
Qualifications - B.Sc.N. with 
experience in Nursing Education. 
CLINICAL TEACHERS 
in Psychiatric Nursing, Paediatric 
Nursing and Fundamentals of 
Nursing required to assist in new 
program. 
Qualifications - B.Sc.N. or Di- 
ploma in Nursing Education. 
Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
BRANTFORD GENERAL 
HOSPIT At 
Brantford, Ontario 


THE HOSPIT AL 


FOR 


SICK CHILDREN 



 


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YOU 


Receive the advantages of: 


1. Five-week orientation pro- 
gram for new staff. 


2. Ongoing in-service education 
for nurses. 


3. Extensive student education 
program. 
4. Research Institute. 


APPLICATION FOR GENERAL 
DUTY POSITIONS INVITED 


For information contact: 


THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Canada 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 69 



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THE WINNIPEG GENERAL HOSPITAL 


is Recruiting General Duty Nurses for all Services 


SEND APPLICATIONS DIRECTLY TO 


THE PERSONNEL DIRECTOR, 
WINNIPEG GENERAL HOSPITAL 


WINNIPEG 3, MANITOBA 


OPERA riNG ROOM SUPERVISOR 


AND 


HEAD NURSE PSYCHIATRIC UNIT 
r 


Required immediately for 1,OOO-bed teaching hospital, affili- 
ated with the University of Western Ontario. Applicants should 
have post-graduate courses in their clinical specialty, a uni- 
versity diploma in Administration or B.Sc.N. degree. Active 
building and renovation programme presently proceeding in 
both departments. 


Applications for further information should be directed to: 


Director of Nursing 


VICTORIA HOSPITAL 


London, Ontario 


70 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Test Pool Examinations 


FOR 


Registration of Nurses 


IN 


Nova Scotia 


To toke place on August 30 & 31, 1967 
at Halifax ond Sydney. Requests for 
application forms should be made ot 
once and forms must be returned to fhe 
Registrar not later th"n June 30, 1967 
together with: 
1. Diploma of School of Nursing; 
2. Fee of Twenty Dollars ($20.00). 
Applications received offer this date will 
not be accepted. No undergraduafe may 
write unless he or she has passed success. 
ful/y all final school of nursing exomina. 
fions and is wifhin nine (9) weeks of com 
pletion of the course in nursing. 


NANCY H. WATSON. R.N.. 
EXECUTIVE SECRETARY. 
The Registered Nurses' 
Association of Nova Scotia 
6035 Coburg Road, 
Halifax, N.S. 


PROVINCE OF ALBERT A 



 


EMPLOYMENT 
OPPORTUNITIES 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES 


Preference given to nurses with 
experience in Psychiatric Nursing. 
Salary: $360 - $455 per month, 
depending on qualifications and 
experience. 
Benefjts - Civil Service holiday, 
sick leave and pension benefits. 
Positions available in various 
Active Treatment, Retarded Adult, 
Retarded Juvenile, Geriatric and 
Continued Treatment Mental Hos- 
pitals. 


For details and application 
forms write Or apply to: 
The Director of Mental Health, 
304 Administration Building, 
Edmonton, Alberta. 


JUNE 1967 



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........ -
 
.. .
 .- 


OPPORnJNITY AID CHALLENGE 
fOR THE REGISTERED NURSE 


The new 22 bed Intensive Care Unit at 
the Winnipeg General Hospital offers. 0 
one year course in odvanced IntensIve 
Care Nursing. 
- Salaries scoled to qualificafions and 
experience 
- Well planned - orienfafion and confinu- 
ing education 
- Approximately 100 lectures given by 
docfors and nUrses 
- Next course to commence September 
1967 
- Uniforms supplied and laundered free 
Staff appointments are being mode 


now. 


Apply to: 
Mrs. E. E. Hassett, R.N., 
Supervisor, Intensive Care Unit, 
WINNIPEG GENERAL HOSPITAL 
700 William Avenue, 
Winnipeg 3, Manitoba 
cj 0 Personnel Dept. 


OSHA W A 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES FOR 
ALL DEPARTMENTS 
Starting salary for Ontario Regis- 
tered nurses $400 with 5 annual 
increments to $480 per month. 
Credit for acceptable previous 
service - one increase for two 
years, two increases for four or 
more years. 
Non-registered - $360.00 
Rotating periods of duty - 3 
weeks vacation - 8 statutory 
holidays. 
One day's sick credit per month 
beginning in the 7th month of 
service cumulative to 45 days. 
Pension Plan and Group life 
Insurance - Hospital pays 50% 
of Medical, Blue Cross and Hos- 
pital Insurance premiums_ 
Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
OSHA W A GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Oshawa, Ontario 


JUNE 1967 


0+ 

 
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. Assistant Director. 
Nursing Service - Evenings 


. Inservice Education 
Co-Ordinator 
Apply to: 
DIRECTOR 
OF 
NURSING 


.,.. 
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DIRECTOR 
REGIONAL SCHOOL 


OF 


OF NURSING 


"KIRKLAND LAKE" 


Applications are invited for the 
position of Director of a new 
Regional School of Nursing to !='e 
established in Kirkland lake with 
an annual enrollment of 30 
students encompassing five area 
hospitals. An excellent opportu- 
nity to develop a program from 
the erection of the building to 
operating the school. 
Please direct enquiries to: 
The Secretary of the Steering 
Committee: 
R. J. Cameron, Administrator, 


KIRKLAND AND DISTRICT 
HOSPITAL 


Kirkland Lake, Ontario. 


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CLEVELAND 


Where the Mt. Sinai nurse 
has some of the most chal- 
lenging job opportunities, 
receives a beginning sal- 
ary of $500 a month, and 
works in University Circle, 
the city's educational cen- tb 
ter. For more information, 
writë to Nurse Recruiter, 
Dept. CD. 


THE MT. SINAI 
HOSPITAL OF CLEVELAND 
UNIVERSITY CIRCLE . CLEVELAND. OHIO 44106 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 71 



WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Requires 


GENERAL STAFF NURSES 


ALL DEPARTMENTS 


and 


O.R. TECHNICIANS 


Apply: 
Director of Nursing 
WOODSTOCK 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Woodstock, Ontario 


McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL 


requires 


Regisfered Nurses for General Sfaff. The 
hospital is friendly and progressive. 
It is now in fhe beginning stages of 0 
$3,500,000 program of expansion ond 
renovation. 


- Openings in 011 services. 
- Proximity to Lake head 
ensures opporfunify for 
educotion. 


University 
furfhering 


For full particulars write to: 
Director 
of Nursing Service 
McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL, 
Fort William, Ontario. 


ST. JOSEPHrS HOSPITAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
Hamilton, Ontario 


requires 


CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS in all Nursing 
areas. Well-equipped, modern School of 
Nursing. Student enrolment over 300. 
Modern, progressive, BOO-bed Hospital. 
Salary commensurate with preparation 
and experience. 


For further details, apply: 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


72 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


PORT COLBORNE 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


PORT COLBORNE, ONTARIO 


STAFF NURSES 


required 


For 166-bed hospital within easy driving 
distance of American and Canadian me- 
tropolifan centres. Considerafion given for 
previous experience obtained in Canoda. 
Completely furnished apartment-style resi- 
dence, including balcony and swimming 
pool facing lake, adjacent to hospifal. 


Appty: 
Director of Nursing 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Port Colborne,Ontario 


REGISTERED NURSES 


For new IOO-bed General Hospital in 
resorf town of 14,000 people, beaufifully 
located on shores of Lake of fhe Woods. 
Three hours' travel time from Winnipeg 
wifh good transporfafian avoiloble. Wide 
voriefy of summer and winfer sports- 
swimming, boafing, fishing, golfing, skaf. 
ing, curling, tobogganing, skiing and ice 
fishing. 
Salary: $372 for nurses registered in 
Ontario wifh allowance for experience. 
Residence availoble. Good persannel poli. 
cies. 


Apply to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
KENORA GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Kenora, Ontario 


VICTORIAN ORDER 
OF NURSES 


GREATER TORONTO BRANCH 


Invites applications for positions of 


PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE 


This branch offers diversified experience 
including bedside nursing, individual 
teaching, participation in Home Care 
Program for Metropolitan Toronfo, and 
sfudent program. Inservice educotion and 
other employee benefits. 


For details apply: 
Director 
VICTORIAN ORDER OF NURSES 
GREATER TORONTO BRANCH 
281 Sherbourne Street 
Toronto 2, Ontario 


ST. JOSEPHrS HOSPITAL 


LONDON, ONTARIO 


Teaching Hospital, 600 beds, new facilities 


requires: 


REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


For further information apply: 


The Director of Nursing 
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 
London, Ontario 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
EDUCATION 


Master's degree preferred; fo conducf 
basic nursing program and affilliafe pro- 
gram. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, 
CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL 
OF WINNIPEG, 
Winnipeg, Manitoba. 


MEDICINE HAT 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 
MEDICINE HAT, ALBERTA 


INSTRUCTORS 
POSITIONS 
CLASSROOM SCIENCE 
PEDIATRICS 
OBSTETRICS 
MEDICINE 
SURGERY 
Closs 25-30 Students 
Current Recommended 
Salary Scales 


Apply: 
Director of Nursing Education 
or any 
CANADA MANPOWER CENTRE 


JUNE 1967 



COUNTY HEALTH UNIT 


C HEALTH NURSE 


Dr generalized progromme wifh 
County Heolth Unit, Walkerton 
nsion, Surgical Medical Group 
and Cumulafive Sick Leave 
iloble. Minimum salary $4,900 
,fment for experience. Car pro- 
opfionol choice of mileage 


Apply to: 
lton, Secretary-Treasurer 
COUNTY HEALTH UNIT 
P. O. Box 70 
lalkerton, Ontario 


iCHOOL OF NURSING 


MICHAR'S HOSPITAL 
LETHBRIDGE, ALBERTA 


requires 


Medical-Surgical 
NSTRUCTORS 


I Hospifal. Expansion complefed 


B.Sc.-$490.00 fo $575.00 
ary-$5880.00 to $6900.00 
r Universify Diplomo-$465.oo 
I 
ary-$5580.00 to $6600.00 
I experience gives an addifional 
.crement. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
MICHAEL'S SCHOOL 
OF NURSING 
Lethbridge, Alberta 


iOUTH WATERLOO 
EMORIAL HOSPITAL 


-IOOL OF NURSING 
GALT, ONTARIO 


Teaching Faculty required fo 
formulating a two-year pro. 
one-year internship. 
in Teaching available imme- 
'v\edical Surgical, Pa
diatrics, 


!nces. 


:Jersonnel policies. 


Dr further information, 
Apply to: 
:CTOR OF NURSING 
EDUCATION 


COLONEL BELCHER HOSPITAL 


CALGARY, ALBERTA 


CLINICAL SUPERVISOR 


Solary up to $6283 depending on quali. 
fications. 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES 


Immediate vacancies. Starfing salary up 
fa $4,500. 


Apply immediately to: 
Personnel Director 
COLONEL BELCHER HOSPITAL 
Calgary 


MIRAMICHI HOSPITAL 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 
NEWCASTLE, N.B. 


Invites applications for the position of 


SCIENCE INSTRUCTOR 


Student body of 50 


For further information, 
write to: 


Director of Nursing 
MIRAMICHI HOSPITAL 
Newcastle, N.B. 


ARE YOU INTERESTED IN PATIENT CARE 
JOIN OUR STAFF 


THE UNIVERSITY OF 
TEXAS HOSPIT AU 


AT GALVESTON, TEXAS 


- A Planned Orientation Program 
- A Continuous Educatian Program 
- Liberal Personnel Policies 
Staff Nurse Salaries 
$482.$620 - Based upon a background of 
experience and education. $539-$680 in Sep- 
tember. $60 differential for nights or rota- 
tion of two .hift.. $90 differential for 
evenings or rotation of three shift.. 


Write to: 
Patricia M. Bosworth, R.N., M.A. 
Administrator.Coordinator of Nursing 
THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HOSPITALS 
Galveston, Texas 77550 
We are on equal opportunity employer 


PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES 


(QUALIFIED) 


for Generalized Public Health Nursing 
Service. Solory Range $5586 - $6500 per 
onnum, sforting solary based on experi- 
ence. Annual increments, vacation, shared 
hospital and medical insurance, group 
life insurance, sick pay and pension plan. 


Apply: 
Personnel Department 
17th Floor, West Tower 
City Hall, Toronto 1 
Ontario 


Applications are invited for the following 
key positions: 


ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING SERVICE, 
ASSISTANT TO THE 
CO-ORDINATOR, 
INSERVICE EDUCATION 


Desirable qualifications should include 
BSN Degrees with experience in super- 
vision ond teaching, respecfively. Holders 
of cerfificates in either field may be con- 
sidered. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
TORONTO EAST GENERAL and 
ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL 
825 Coxwell Avenue 
Toronto 13, Ontario 


RED CROSS 
IS ALWAYS THERE 
WITH YOUR HELP 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 73 



WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Requires 


GENERAL STAFF NURSES 


All DEPARTMENTS 


and 


O.R. TECHNICIANS 


Apply: 
Director of Nursing 
WOODSTOCK 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Woodstock, Ontario 


McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL 


requires 


Registered Nurses for General Staff. The 
hospital is friendly ond progressive. 
It is now in fhe beginning sfages of a 
$3,500,000 program of expansion ond 
renovation. 


- Openings in 011 services. 
- Proximity to lakehead 
ensureS opporfunify for 
educafion. 


University 
furthering 


For full particulars write to: 
Director 
of Nursing Service 
McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL, 
Fort William, Ontario. 


SI. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
Hamilton, Ontario 


requires 


CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS in all Nursing 
areas. Well-equipped, modern School of 
Nursing. Student enrolment over 300. 
Modern, progressive, BOO-bed Hospital. 
Salary commensurate with preparation 
and experience. 


For further details, apply: 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


72 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


PORT COLBORNE 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


PORT COLBORNE, ONTARIO 


STAFF NURSES 


required 


For 166-bed hospital within easy driving 
distonce of American ond Conadion me- 
tropolifon cenfres. Considerafion given for 
previous experience obfained in Conoda. 
Completely furnished apartment-style resi- 
dence, including balcony and swimming 
pool facing lake, adjacent to hospital. 


Appty: 
Director of Nursing 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Port Colborne,Ontario 


REGISTERED NURSES 


For new IOO-bed Generol Hospitol in 
resorf town of 14,000 people, beautifully 
located on shores of loke of the Woods. 
Three hours' fravel time from Winnipeg 
with good transporfafion ovailable. Wide 
variety of summer and winter sporfs- 
swimming, boating, fishing, golfing, skaf- 
ing, curling, tobogganing, skiing ond ice 
fishing. 
Salary: $372 for nUrSes registered in 
Ontario with ollowonce for experience. 
Residence available. Good personnel poli- 
cies. 


Apply to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
KENORA GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Kenora, Ontario 


VICTORIAN ORDER 
Of NURSES 


GREATER TORONTO BRANCH 


Invites applications for positions of 


PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE 


This branch offers diversified experience 
including bedside nursing, individual 
teaching, participation in Home Care 
Program for Metropolitan Toronto, ond 
sfudenf program. Inservice education and 
other employee benefifs. 


For details apply: 
Director 
VICTORIAN ORDER OF NURSES 
GREATER TORONTO BRANCH 
281 Sherbourne Street 
Toronto 2, Ontario 


ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPI1 


LONDON, ONTARIO 


Teaching Hospifal, 600 beds, ne\ 


requires: 


REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSIS 


For further information a
 


The Director of Nur: 
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPI 


London, Ontario 


DIRECTOR Of NURSI 
EDUCATION 


Masfer's degree preferred; f< 
basic nursing program and affi 
gram. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursin 


CHILDREN'S HOSPI1 
OF WINNIPEG, 
Winnipeg, Manitob 


MEDICINE HAT 
GENERAL HOSPITA 
SCHOOL OF NURSII 
MEDICINE HAT, ALBERT 
INSTRUCTOR 
POSITIONS 
CLASSROOM SCIENCE 
PEDIATRICS 
OBSTETRICS 
MEDICINE 
SURGERY 
Class 25-30 Sfudenls 
Current Recommended 
Salary Scales 


Apply: 
Director of Nursing Edu 
or any 
CANADA MANPOWER ( 


- 



BRUCE COUNTY HEALTH UNIT 


PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE 


required for generalized programme with 
the Bruce Counfy Health Un if, Walkerfan 
Office. Pension, Surgical Medical Group 
Insurance and Cumulafive Sick Leave 
Plans available. Minimum salary $4,900 
with odjusfment for experience. Car pro- 
vided, or opfional choice of mileage 
plans. 


Apply to: 
T. H. Alton, Secretary-Treasurer 
BRUCE COUNTY HEALTH UNIT 
P. O. Box 70 
Walkerton, Ontario 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 
ST. MICHAEL'S HOSPITAL 
LETHBRIDGE, ALBERTA 


requires 


Two Medical-Surgical 
INSTRUCTORS 


in 213-bed Hospifal. expansion camplefed 
in 1967. 
Solary for B.Sc.-$490.00 fo $575.00 
Yearly Solary-$5880.00 to $6900.00 
Solory for Universify Diploma-$465.00 
fo $550.00 
Yearly Solary-$5580.oo to $6600.00 
One year's experience gives an addifional 
$240.00 increment. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
ST. MICHAEL'S SCHOOL 
OF NURSING 
Lethbridge, Alberta 


SOUTH WATERLOO 
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 
GALT, ONTARIO 


Addifianal Teaching Faculty required fo 
assisf in formulating a two-year pro- 
gramme, one-year internship. 
Posifions in Teaching available imme- 
diafely, Medical Surgical, Pa;diatrics, 
Social Sciences. 


Excellent personnel pol icies. 


For further information, 
Apply to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
EDUCATION 


JUNE 1967 


COLONEL BELCHER HOSPITAL 


CALGARY, ALBERTA 


CLINICAL SUPERVISOR 


Solary up to $6,283 depending on quali- 
fications. 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES 


Immediate vaconcies. Storting salary up 
fo $4,500. 


Apply immediately to: 
Personnel Director 
COLONEL BELCHER HOSPITAL 
Calgary 


MIRAMICHI HOSPITAL 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 
NEWCASTLE, N.B. 


Invites applications for the position of 


SCIENCE INSTRUCTOR 


Sfudenf body of 50 


For further information, 
write to: 


Director of Nursing 
MIRAMICHI HOSPITAL 
Newcastle, N.B. 


ARE YOU INTERESTED IN PATIENT CARE 
JOIN OuR STAFF 


THE UNIVERSITY OF 
TEXAS HOSPITALS 


AT GALVESTON, TEXAS 


- A Planned Orientation Program 
- A Confinuous Educotion Program 
- Liberal Personnel Policies 
StaH Nur.e Salarie. 
$482-$620 - Based upon a background of 
experience and education. $539-$680 in Sep. 
tember. $60 differential for nights or rota- 
tion of two shifts. $90 differential for 
evenings or rotation of three shifts. 


Write to: 
Patricia M. Bosworth, R.N., M.A. 
Admini.trator.Coordinator of Nursing 
THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HOSPITALS 
Galveston, Texas 77550 
We are an equal opporfunity employer 


PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES 


(QUAlifiED) 


for Generalized Public Health Nursing 
Service. Solary Range $5586 - $6500 per 
annum, sfarfing salary based on experi- 
ence. Annual incremenfs, vacafion, shared 
hospifal and medico I insurance, group 
life insurance, sick pay and pension plan. 


Apply: 
Personnel Department 
17th Floor, West Tower 
City Hall, Toronto 1 
Ontario 


Applications are invited for the following 
leey positions: 


ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING SERVICE, 
ASSISTANT TO THE 
CO-ORDINATOR, 
INSERVICE EDUCATION 


Desirable qualificafions should include 
BSN Degrees wifh experience in super- 
vision and teaching, respecfively. Holders 
of certificafes in either field may be con- 
sidered. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
TORONTO EAST GENERAL and 
ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL 
825 Coxwell Avenue 
Toronto 13, Ontario 


RED CROSS 
IS ALWAYS THERE 
WITH YOUR HELP 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 73 



CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS 


required 


with preparation and experience. Eligible 
for B. C. Registrafion. Medical, Surg ico I 
and Paediatric areas. 


Student enrollmenf - 200 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
Victoria, B. C. 


GRADUATE NURSES 


For permanent stoff or holiday relief. In 
active 164-bed acufe General Hospitol 
with full accreditotion, located in 1he 
Columbia River Valley in southeastern 
Brifish Columbia. Unlimited social and 
sports activifies including golf, tennis, 
swimming, skiing and curling. 40 hour 
week; Starting salary after registration 
$390 rising to $466. Four weeks annuel 
vacation, 10 stofutary holidays, 1 '12 days 
sick leave per month cumulative to 120 
days. Employer-employee parficipation In 
medical coverage and superannuation. 
Residence accommodafion. 


for further information apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
TRAIL.TADANAC HOSPITAL 
Trail, British Columbia 


ASS1STANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING SERVICE 


Applications are invifed for the posifion 
of Assistant Direcfor of Nursing Service 
for a 291-bed fully accredited General 
Hospital. 
Preference will be given fo a pplicanfs 
with preparafion and experience in nurs- 
ing service adminisfrafion. 


Apply to: 


Director of Nursing Service 
THE GENERAL HOSPITAL 
OF PORT ARTHUR 
Port Arthur, Ontario 


74 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


REGISTERED NURSES 


required fo, 


82-bed haspifal. Sifuated in the Niagara 
Peninsula. Transportation assisfance. 


For salary rates and personnel policies, 


apply to: 
Director of Nursing 


HALDIMAND WAR MEMORIAL 
HOSPITAL 


Dunnville, Ontario 


ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 


SARNIA, ONTARIO 


Invites applications for the 
positions of: 


IN-SERVICE DIRECTOR 
EVENING SUPERVISOR 
GENERAL DUTY NURSES 


328-bed hospital, excellent personnel po- 
licies. 


For further information apply: 
Director of Nursing 
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 
Sarnia, Ontario 


PETERBOROUGH (IVIC HOSPITAL 


School of Nursing requires 


INSTRUCTRESS (Nu,sing Arts) 
INSTRUCTRESS (Medical-Surgical Area) 
New self-contained education building for 
school of nursing now open. 
Trent University is sifuated in Peterbaraugh 


For further information write to: 


Director of Nursing 
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC 
HOSPITAL 
peterborough, Ontario 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES 
and 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 


Wanted for active General Hospital (125 
beds) situated in Sf. Anfhony, Newfound- 
land, a town of 2,400 and headquarters 
of the Infernafional Grenfell Association 
which provides medical core for norfhern 
Newfoundland and the coast of labrador. 
Salaries in accordonce wifh ARNN. 


for further information 
please write: 


Miss Dorothy A. Plant 
INTERNATIONAL GRENFEll ASSOCIATION 
Room 701A, 88 Metcalfe Stnet, 
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO 


SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 


COOKSVILLE, ONTARIO 


A new 45G-bed Generol Hospifal. locoted 
12 miles from the City of Toronfo, has 
openings for: 


(1) GENERAL STAFF NURSES in all de- 
partments; 


(2) Registered Nursing Assistants in all 
departments. 


For information or apptication. write to: 


Director of Nursing 
SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 
Cooksville, Ontario 


SCHOOL OF NURS-ING 
PUBLIC GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Chatham, Ontario 


requires 


INSTRUCTORS 


Student Body of 130 
Modern self-contained educafion building 
University Preparation required with 
salary differential for Degree. 


for further information, 
apply to: 


Director, Nursing Education 


JUNE 1967 



School of Nursing 


ST. MARY'S HOSPITAL 


Timmins, Ontario 


requires 


TEACHERS 


fa participafe in a 3-yeor program plan- 
ning change to two + 1. 
Sfudent enrolmenf of 65 Universify pre- 
paration required. 


for inlormation write to: 


Director School of Nursing 
ST. MARY'S HOSPITAL 
Timmins, Ontario 


INTENSIVE CARE UNIT 


HEAD NURSE 
GENERAL DUTY NURSES 


wanted for a 6-bed monitored medical- 
surgical unif. 


For lurther inlormation apply to: 


Director of Nursing 
KELOWNA GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Kelowna, British Columbia 


GENERAL DUTY 
REGISTERED NURSES 


required 


For 20Q-bed accredifed hospifal. Starting 
salary $415 wifh annual increments 10 
$485. Previous experience recognized. 
Excellent personnel policies. Residence ac- 
commoclofion available. 


Apply to: 


Director of Nursing 
MISERICORDIA HOSPITAL 
Haileybury, Ontario 


JUNE 1967 


REGISTERED NURSES 


AND 


REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


For 300 bed Accredited General Hospital 
sifuated in the picturesque Grand River 
Valley. 60 miles from Toronto. 
Modern well-equipped hospital providing 
quality nursing care. 
Excellent personnel policies 


For lurther inlormation write: 


Director of Nursing Service 
SOUTH WATERLOO MEMORIAL 
HOSPITAL, 
Galt, Ontario 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


Applicotions are invited for the posifion 
of Direcfor of Nursing for a 164-bed mo- 
dern, accredited, acute care hospital in 
scenic Brifish Columbia. A 24-bed psy- 
chiatric wing and a 50-bed extended core 
unif are in the final stages of planning_ 
Accommodation available in sfaff res- 
idence. Nursing administrative educotion 
and experience desirable. Salary com- 
mensurate with qualificafions. 


Apply stating qualilications and 
expected salary to: 


Mr. D. C. Steveson 
Administrator 
TRAIL-TADANAC HOSPITAL 
Trail, British Columbia 


TEACHERS 


required 


I) MATERNAL.INFANT NURSING 
2) NURSING FUNDAMENTALS 


Total enrollment - 100 studenfs, 300- 
bed, fully accredited hospital. 
Universify preparation required. Opporfu- 
nity for furfher sfudy in nursing at 
lakeheod University. 


Appty to: 
Director of Nursing Education 
TIiE GENERAL HOSPITAL 
OF PORT ARTHUR 
Port Arthur, Ontario 


HAMILTON GENERAL HOSPITAL 


has immediate openings lor 


REGISTERED NURSES 


Eligible for Onfario Registration. Oppor- 
tunities for placement in Medical, Surgical, 
Paediafric, O.R., Recovery, Intensive Care 
and Emergency Units wifh early promo- 
tional possibilities. A-I benefits and sola. 
ries. Hamilton is a large city ideally 
located in Soufhern Ontorio and has a 
fine University. 


Apply to: 
Personnel Department, 
HAMILTON GENERAL HOSPITAL, 
Barton Street East, 
Hamilton, Ontario 


REGISTERED NURSES 


For modern 8O-bed General Hospifal ex- 
panding to 150 beds, located in an 
attractive, dynamic, sports orienfed com- 
munity 50 miles south of Montreal. 
Salaries and fringe benefifs comparable 
to Montreol. Complete mainfenance avail- 
able at a minimal rate. 


Apply to: 


Director of Nursing 
BROME-MISSISQUOI-PERKINS 
HOSPITAL 
Cowansville, Que. 


REGINA GREY NUNS' HOSPITAL 
REGINA, SASKATCHEWAN 


requires 


REGISTERED NURSES 


and 


CERTIFIED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 


45Q-bed General Hospitol; pasifions avail- 
able in all areas. SRNA recommended 
policies In effect. 
Recognifian given for experience. 


For inlormation apply: 


DIRECTOR OF 
NURSING SERVICE 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 75 



'" 


VISITING 
NURSING 


opportunities 
across 
CANADA 


, 


for emptoyment or bursaries write: 


Director in Chief 
VICTORIAN ORDER OF NURSES 
FOR CANADA 
5 Blackburn Avenue 
Ottawa 2, Ontario 


ST. THOMAS.ELGIN 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Requires 


GENERAL STAFF NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSIST ANTS 
O. R. TECHNICIANS 


Modern 395 bed, fully accredifed General 
Hospital opened in 1954, wifh School of 
Nursing. Excellent personnel policies. 
O. H. A. Pension Plan. pleasanf progres- 
sive industrial city of 22,500. 


Apply: 
Director of Nursing, 
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 
St. Thomas, Ontario. 


REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 


required for 
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Construction of a new hospitol scheduled 
for completion November 1967 will in- 
crease the bed capacity to 450. Included 
in fhe new hospifal will be the Friesen 
concept of equipment and material sup- 
ply. Solary cammensurafe with prep ora- 
fion and experience. Benefits include Co- 
naela Pension Plan, Hospital Pension Plan, 
Group Life Insurance. AccumulatIve sick 
leave. Ontario Hospital Insurance and 
P.S.I. - 50% payment by hospitol. 


Apply: 
Personnel Director 
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Bellevill., Ontario 


76 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL 
OF OTTAWA 


A new, air-conditioned 340-bed hospital. 
Applicofions are called for Nurses for the 
posifions of: 


GENERAL STAFF NURSES 


and 
REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSIST ANTS 


Address all enquiries to: 
Director of Nursing 
RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL 
OF OTTAWA 
1967 Riverside Drive, 
Ottawa, Ontario 


REGISTERED NURSES 


Required for various deparfmenfs in a 
modern 140-bed hospital situated in the 
Kawartha lakes area. 


Toronfo Council salaries in effecf. 


Please apply to: 


Personnel Director 
ROSS MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 
Lindsay, Ontario 


IN-SERVICE EDUCATION 
CO-ORDINATOR 


Required to replace refiring incumbent by 
September 1 to plan, direct and parfici. 
pate in the educational programmes of a 
65O-bed hospital. Applicants must be well 
experienced registered nurses wifh de- 
monstrated leadership and administrative 
ability. Addifional advanced qualificotions 
preferoble. Solary according to qualifi- 
cations. 


Please apply to: 
Director of Nursing, 
HAMILTON GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Barton St. E., 
Hamilton, Ontario 


MEDICINE HAT 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


MEDICINE HAT, ALBERTA 


STAFF NURSES 


Currenf Recommended 
Solary Scales 


Apply: 


Director of Nursing 
or any 
CANADA MANPOWER CENTRE 


SI. MARY'S HOSPITAL 


TIMMINS, ONTARIO 


Modern 200-bed hospifal situated 
in Northern Ontorio. 


Requires 


REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSIST ANTS 


STARTING SALARY: Reg.N. $415 per month 
R.N.A. $270 per monfh 
Recognition given for qualifications and 
experience. Excellenf personnel policies. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing Service 
ST. MARY'S HOSPITAL 
Timmins, Ontario. 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 


requires 


INSTRUCTOR IN SCIENCE 
AND MEDICAL 
SURGICAL NURSING 


REQUIREMENTS: 


University preparation in Nursing Edu- 
cafian. Solary differential for degree. 


For further information, 
contact: 


Director of Nursing 
JEFFERY HALE'S HOSPITAL 
1250 St-Foy Road, Quebec 
6, P.Q. 


JUNE 1967 



I I 


UNITED STATES 


f 


UNITED STATES 


STAFF NURSES - Here is the opportunity to further 
develop your professional skills and knowledge in our 
I.OOO-bed medica' center. We have libera' personnel 
policies with premiums for evening and night tours. 
Our nurses' residence. located in the midst of 33 
cultural and educational institutions, offers low-cost 
housing adjacent to the Hospitals. Write for our booklet 
on nursing opportunities. Feel free to tell us what type 
position you are seeking. Write: Director of Nursing. 
Room 600, University Hospitals of Cleveland, University 
Circle, Cleveland. Ohio 44106. 1 5-36-1 G 


STAFF NURSES: To work in Extended Care or Tuber. 
culosis Unit. Live in lovely suburban Cleveland in 
2-bedroom house for 555 a month including all 
utilities. Modern salary and excellent fringe benefits. 
Write Director of Nursing Service, 4310 Richmond 
Road, Cleveland, Ohio. 15.361 F 


GRADUATE NURSES - Wouldn't you like to work 
at a modern 532-bed acute General Teaching Hos. 
pital where you would have: (a) unlimited oppor- 
tunities for professional growth and advancement, 
Ib) tuition paid for advanced study. (c) storting 
salary of 5429 per month (to those with pending 
registration as well!. (d) progressive personnel poli- 
cies, (e) a choice of areas? For furt"'er information, 
write or call collect: Miss Louise Harrison, Director 
of Nursing Service, Mount Sinai Hospital. University 
Circle. Cleveland, Ohio 44106. Phone SWeetbriar 
5.6000. 15-36.10 


Regilt.reel Nurs. (Scenic Oregon vacation play- 
ground, skiing. swimming, boating & cultural 
events) for 295.bed teaching unit on campus of 
University of Oregon medical school. Salary starts 
ot 5575. Pay differential for nights and evenings. 
liberal pOlicy for advancement, vacations, sick 
leave, holidays. Apply: Multnomah Hospital, Part. 
, land. Oregon. 97201. 15-38-1 


ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 


MONTREAL, QUEBEC 


POSTGRADUATE COURSES 


1. (a) Six month clinical course in Obstetrical Nursing. 
Classes - September and March. 
(b) Two month clinical course in Gynecological Nursing. 
Classes following the six month course in Obstetrical 
Nursing. 
(c) Eight week course in Care of the Premature Infant. 


2. 


Six month course in Operating Room Technique. 
Classes - September and March. 


3. 


Six month course in Theory and Practice in Psychiatric 
Nursing. 
Classes - September and March. 


For information and details of the courses, apply to: 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 


Montreal, P.C. 


JUNE 1967 


UNIVERSITY OF 
BRITISH COLUMBIA 


School of Nursing 


DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC 
NURSING 
DEGREE COURSE FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 


Both of these courses lead to the 
B.S.N. degree. Graduates are pre- 
pared for public health os well as 
hospital nursing positions. 


DIPLOMA COURSES FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 


1. Public Health Nursing. 
2. Administration of Hospital 
Nursing Units. 
3. Psychiotric Nursing. 


For information write to: 
The Director 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
UNIVERSITY OF B.C. 
Vancouver 8, B.C. 


THE TORONTO 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


offers a six month Course in 
operating room technique and 
management to registered nurses 
with graduate experience in 
operating room. 
Course begins in July 1967. 


For further information, 
apply to: 


Director of Nursing 


TORONTO GENERAL HOSPITAL 


101 College Street 
Toronto 2, Onto 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 77 



THE MONTREAL GENERAL HOSPITAL 


offers a 
6 month Advanced Course in 
Operating Room Technique and 
Management to 
REGISTERED NURSES 


with a year's Graduate experience 
in an Operating Room. 
Classes commence in September and 
March for selected classes of 
8 students 


For further information apply to : 
The Director of Nursing 


THE MONTREAL GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Montreal 25, Quebec 


.. ,,,-... flU... 


REGISTERED & GRADUATE 
NURSES 


Are required to fill vacancies in a modern, centrally 
located Hospital. Tours of duty are 7:30 - 4:00, 3:30 - 
12:00 and 11 :30 - 8:00. 
Salary range for Registered Nurses is $382.50 to 
$447.50 per month and for Graduate Nurses is 
$352.50 to $417.50 per month. We offer a full 
range of employee benefits and excellent working 
conditions. 
Day Care facilities for pre-school children from 3 
months to 5 years in age. 


Apply in person, or by letter to : 
Personnel Manager, 
THE RIVERDALE HOSPITAL 
St. Matthews Road, 
Toronto 8, Ontario. 


78 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 


DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC NURSING - (B.N.) 
An integrated program extending over four calendar years is of- 
fered fo candidafes with Senior Mafriculafion and prepares the stu- 
dent for nursing pracfices in the cammunity and hospifals. 
DEGREE COURSE FOR REGISTERED NURSES - (B.N.) 
A program extending over fhree academic years is offered to Re- 
gisfered Nurses who wish ta obfain a Bachelar of Nursing degree. 
The course includes studies in the humanities, sciences. and a 
nursing specialty. 


DIPLOMA COURSES FOR REGISTERED NURSES - 
1 YEAR 
(1) Nursing Service Administration 
(2) Public Health Nursing 
(3) Teaching in Schools of Nursing 
DIPLOMA COURSE FOR REGISTERED NURSES 
2 YEARS 
OUfpOSf Nursing Course extending over two calendar years and 
leading to a Diploma in Public Health Nursing and a Diplama in 
Outpost Nursing. 
For further information apply to: 
Director, School of Nursing 
DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 
Halifax, N.S. 


;"f 


-L 


-.. 
, 


.... 


.. 



 
HOSPITAL: 
A newly expanded 257 bed hospitof with such progressive 
care concepts as a 12-bed I.C.U., 22-bed psychiatric and 
24-bed self care unit. 
IDEAL LOCATION: 
45 minutes from dawntown Toronfo, J 5-30 minutes from ex. 
cellent summer and winter resorf areos. 
SALARIES: 
Regisfered Nurses: $400.00. $480.00 per month. 
Registered Nursing Assistants: $295.00 - $331.00 per manth. 
FURNISHED APARTMENTS: 
Swimming pool, tennis courts, etc. (see above) 
OTHER BENEFITS: 
Medical and hospitol insurance. group life insurance, pension 
plan. 40 hour week. 
Please address all enquiries to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL 


596 Davis Drive 
Newmarket, Ontario 


JUNE 1967 



MOVING 1 


MARRIED I 


ð 
g 


WISH AN ADJUSTMENTl 


All correspondence to THE CANADIAN NURSE 
should be accompanied by our most recent 
address label or imprint. (Attach in space pro- 
vided at right.) 


I 
I 
I 
1_- 


ATTACH CURRENT LABEL or IMPRINT HERE 
to be assured of 
accurate, fast service 


------1 
I 
I 
I 


ARE YOU 
o Receiving duplicate copies? 
o Actively registered with more than one pro- 
vincial nurses' association? 


permanent reg. no. 


PRINT NEW NAME and or ADDRESS BELOW 
Miss/Mrs. 
Sister/Mr. .. 


provincial association 


provincial association 


city 


permanent reg. no. 


o 


Transferring registration from one provincial 
nurses' association to another? 


FROM: 


provincial ass'n. 


TO: 


provincial ass'n. 


OTHER ADJUSTMENT REQUESTED: 


UNITED STATES 


REGISTERED NURSES Opportunities available at 
415-bed hospitol in Medical-Surgical, labor and 
Delivery, Intensive Care, Operating Room and Psy- 
chiatry. No rotation of shift, good salary, evening 
and night differential., liberal fringe benefit.. 
Temporary living accommodation. available. Apply: 
Miss Dolores Merrell, R.N., Personnel Director, Queen 
of Angels Hospital, 2301 Bellevue Avenue, loa 
Angeles 26, California. 15-5-3G 
REGISTERED NURSES - SAN FRANCISCO Children's 
Hospital and Adult Medical Center hospital for men. 
women and children. California registration required. 
Opportunities in all clinical areas. Excellent salaries, 
differentials for evenings and nights. Holidays, vaca. 
tions, sick leave, life insurance, health insurance and 
employer-paid pension-plan_ Applications and detail. 
furnished on request. Contact Personnel Director, Chil- 
dren's Hospital, 3700 California Street, San Francisco 
18, California. 15-5.4 
REGISTERED NURSES: Mount Zion Hospital and Me- 
dical Center's increased salary scales now double our 
attraction for nurses who find they can afford to live 
by the Golden Gate. Expansion has created vacancies 
for staff and specialty assignments. Address enquiry 
to: Personnel Department, 1600 Divisadero Street, San 
Francisco, California 94115, An equal opportunity em. 
ployer. 15-5-4 C 
Regi.tered Nur... - California. Expanding, accredit- 
ed 303-bed hospital in medical center ot Southern 
California. University city. Mountain - ocean resort 
area. Ideal year-round climate, smog free. Starting 
salary $6,300. With experience, $6,600. Fringe bene- 
fits, shift differential, ini.ial housing allowance. 
Wide variety rentals available. For details on Cali- 
fornia License and Visa, write: Director of Nursing, 
Cottoge Hospital, 320 W. Pueblo Street, Santa Bar. 
bora, California 93105. 15.5-39 A 
Staff Nun.. needed for care of orthopedically han- 
dicapped children. Modern building and equipment. 
Salary $550 per month plus attractive fringe bene- 
fits. Living quarters available. Write: Eleanor 
Baird, Shriners Hospitol, 3160 Geneva Street, los 
Angeles, California. 15-5-3
 
W
nted - General Duty Nur.... Applications now 

elng taken for nursing positions in a new addi- 
tion to 
he existing hospital including surgery, cena 
tral sterde and .upply, general duty. 5alary $475 
per month plus fringe benefits. Contact: Director of 
Nurses, Alamola Community Hospital Alamosa, 
Colorado. 15.6.t 


JUNE 1967 


name (please print) 


street address 


zone 


province 


PLEASE ALLOW SIX WEEKS FOR PROCESSING 
YOUR CHANGE 
The Canadian Nurse cannot guarantee back copies 
unless change or interruption in delivery is reported 
within six weeks! 


permanent reg. no. 


ADDRESS ALL INQUIRIES TO: 
The Canadian Nurser Circulation Dept. 
50 The Driveway 
Ottawa 4r Canada 


permanent reg. no. 


Pro'a..ionnal Nun.. - for immediate openings in 
274-bed general hospital. liberal fringe benefits. 
Enjoy interesting, challenging pOlition in the ideal 
climate of Santa Monica Bay. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, Santa Monica Hospital, 1250, Sixteenth 
Street, Sonia Monica, California. t5-5-40 


REGISTERED NURSES - General Duty for B4-bed 
JCAH hospital 1 1 /2 houri from San Francisco, 2 
hours from lake Tahoe. Starting salary $510/m. 
with differentials. Apply: Director of Nurses, Mem. 
orial Hospital, Woodland, California. 15-5-49B 


Staff Duty po.ition. (Nurses) in private 403-bed 
hospital. liberal per.onnel policie. and .alary. Sub- 
stantial differential for evening and night duty. 
Write: Personnel Director, Hospital of The Good 
Samaritan, 1212 Shatto Street, los Angele. t7, 
California. 15-5-3b 


PROFESSIONAL NURSES. No fancy claim. or promi.es. 
We do offer top .tarting .alarie. and very attrac- 
tive benefits to staff nurse! desiring unlimited poten- 
tial and professional growth. Untra-modern equip- 
ment and facilities in a new, progressive 1 SO-bed, 
air conditioned hospital. Degree recognition. No 
shift rotation. Inquire and compare. Write, Personnel 
Director, JOHN MUIR MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, 160t 
Ygnacio Valley Road, Walnut Creek, California. 
t5-5-67B 


REGISTERED NURSES: for 75-bed air conditioned 
hospital, growing community. Starting .alary $330- 
$365/m, fringe benefit., vacation, sick leave, holi- 
days, life insurance, hospitalization. 1 meal furnish- 
ed. Write: Administrator, Hendry General Hospitol, 
Clewiston. Florida. 15-tO.t 


GENERAL DUTY AND LICENSED PRACTICAL NURSES: 
115-bed JCAH hospitol on shore. of lake Okeecho. 
bee. liberal personnel policies; .tarting salary for 
RN'.. $525 (for LPN's $375) with 10% differential 
for each group evenings and nights. Free meall; 
nurses' residence available. Apply: Director of 
Nurses, Glades General Hospital, Belle Glade, Flo- 
rida 33430. 15-tO-3A 


In.tructon, School of Nuning - Opportunities for 
Instructor. in our School of Nursing. 467-bed general 
teaching hospital. NlN accredited diploma school 
with 170 .tudents. Bachelors degree required. Mas- 
ters preferred. Excel:ent salary and liberal fringe 
benefits. Apply: W. C. Plakos, Personnel Director, 
Butterworth Ho.pitol, 100 Michigan N.E., Grand 
Rapid., Michigan. 15-23.12A 


REGISTERED NURSES: Come to lubbock, Texas, 
U.S.A. A city of over 60,000 population with an 
excellent University of 20,000 .tudent. and a large 
Air Force Base. Positions open in a progressive 
general hospital of 400 beds, J.C.A.H. accredited. 
Positions open in intensive care unit, cardiac care 
unit, operating room, psychiatric and general medical 
and surgical for 3-11 and 11-7 shifts. Starting salary 
of $550.00 per month for rotating shifts of 3-11 and 
11-7 with a $15.00 raise in three months and an 
annual increase of $20.00 per month. Contact Per- 
.onnel Department, Methodist Hospital, 3615 19th 
Street, lubbock, Texas 79410. 15-44-B 


STAFF NURSES: University of Washington. 320-bed 
modern, expanding Teaching and Research Hospital 
located on campus offers you an opportunity to 
ioin the staff in one of the following specialties. 
Clinical Research, Premature Center, Open Heart 
Surgery, Physical Medicine, Orthopedics, Neurosur- 
gery, Adult and Child Psychiatry in addition to 
the General Sef\lices. Salary: $50t to $576. Unique 
benefit program includes free University courses after 
six months. For information on opportunities, write 
to: Mrs. Ruth Fine. Director of Nursing Services, 
University Hospitol, 1959 N.E. Pacific Avenue, 
Seattle, Washington 98105. 15-48-2D 


WEST INDIES 


Ragist.rad Graduat. Nurses who wish '0 gain valu- 
able and interesting experience in the semi tropical 
county of Haiti. Hôpital Albert Schweitzer, Arti. 
bonite Valley near St. Marc is a well-equipped 
modern hospital, 160 average daily census, medical, 
surgical, pediatric wards and daily clinics. Two 
year contract, $150 per month with transportation 
to and from point or arigin, maintenance, medical 
care a. provided at hospital. Compensatory day off 
for any holiday worked; there are at least 17 na- 
tional and religious holidays in Haiti. The nurse is 
entitled to a vacation allowance at the rate of two 
days for each full calendar month worked. Write, 
Mis. Walborg l. Peterson, P.O. Box 2213-B, Port-au. 
Prince, Haiti. 17-1-2 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 79 



Uniquf!. convenient 
I
 


! 
f' 

,
\ t
 :. 
,
* 

j
 


A.R.D 



 


BUTTERFLY SHAPED 
ANORECTAL DRESSING 


SHAPE conforms anatomically to surfa- 
ces of the interglutal cleft 
SECURE during all normal activity with- 
out adhesive tape 
COMFORTABLE for the patient 
STERILE, and highly absorbent. Made of 
smooth, lint free exterior 
CONVENIENT and VERSATILE for use 
dry or with topical medication on central 
portion. 
Available from all recognized 
vJ Surgical Dealers or from 
WINLEY-MORRIS CO. LTD. 
M Surgical products dIvision 
Montreal 26 Ouebec 
67-1 


TOO MANY SQUARE MEALS? 


Turns get rid of acid 
indigestion fast! 


Good eating and drinking is something 
we all like. But indigestion is the course 
fhat finishes the meal for foo mony 
of us. When that happens. toke Tums. 
They're pleasantly mint flavoured. need 
no water and get 10 work fast on heart- 
burn, gas and stomach upsefs. And Try Turns for the tummy I 
long-lasti ng Turns are really ef- 
fect;
, ..., OO"W
 " " 
 
 
their own weight in excess 
s!omach acid. Tums cost very IZ n n IM1 c.e. 
Iottle. so try them soon. \YI UVU 
<II 


80 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Index 
to 
advertisers 
June 1967 


Abbott Laboratories Limited ....... 
Ames Company of Canada, Ltd. 
Ayerst Laboratories ... 
Boehringer Ingelheim Products 
The British Drug Houses (Canada) Ltd. .. 
Canadian Tampax Corporation Limited 
Clinic Shoemakers 
Charles E. Frosst & Co.. ..... 
Department of National Defence. 
W. J. Gage Limited ......... .......... 
Lakeside Laboratories (Canada) Ltd. 
Lewis-Howe Company (Turns) 
Mead Johnson of Canada Ltd. . 
C. V. Mosby Co. .. ... ...... .. .. 
Parke Davis & Company Limited 
J. T. Posey Company.. 
Reeves Company......... 
Scholl Mfg. Co. Ltd. . 
United Surgical Corp. .... 
Winley-Morris Company Ltd. 
Winthrop Laboratories .... 


Advertising 
Manager 
Ruth H. Baumel, 
The Canadian Nurse 
50 The Driveway, 
Ottawa 4, Ontario 
Advertising Representatives 
Richard P. Wilson, 
219 East Lancaster Avenue, 
Ardmore, Penna. 19003 
Vanco Publications, 
170 The Donway West, 
Suite 408, Don Mills, Ont. 
Member of Canadian 
Circulation Audit Board Inc. 


5 
Cover III 
6 
16 
15 
9 
2 
48 
24 
20 
1 
80 
49 
10 
Cover II 
47 
13 
12 
19 
80 
Cover IV 


Iæl:I 


JUNE 1967 



July 1967 


M
S MT MELL....N 
"368 MONq,CI;: AVF 
nTTAWA 5 ONT OO
11096 


The 
Canadian 
Nurse 


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OU\ (.. 


p.. 


remotivation and the 
retarded child 


, '- 
A 
 \ .. 
, 
- , -, 


hope for victims 
of hemophilia 


programmed instruction 


. 


" 


. 


"\.. 
., 


- 


\ 


, 


, 


- 


......... 
--- t 



'
 long as there has been a Cønød 
there has been a Cønødiøn Nurse toeøre for her 



mada celebrated 

ation, Halifc][ 
:2eneral Hospital 
, and both set- 
Indians were re- 
edical aid at Iso- 
Is In the wilder- 
nadian nursing 
y in its infancy 
1872. Winnipeg 
first city on the 
1 Prairies to or- 
Public Hospital 
?ct
r f
retfu

:
 
St. Catherine.. 


"EDEBATION 


, . ,,\ 
) ;- 
\. 


, 

 

 

j 
I \'\\ 
I. 
 
-.
 
 


Toronto organized The 
HospItal for Sick Children. 
Canada's lirst hospital for 
little one., In 1875... the 
organization of the Cana- 
dian Red Cross Society 
was effected In 1896. Nur&- 
Ing techniques had 
changed little by 1898 
when the Viciorian Order 
of Nurses received itB 
Charter and the first con- 
tingent of tour Canadian 
nurses proudly went to 
8erve in the Boer War in 
1899. 


LATE l800s 



 
f " 
." 
....
 
- .... 
;. ...
; 

...... 


In the early 1900s, "pre- 
vention is better than 
cure" became a nUT
ing 
philosot>hy and Public 
Health Nursing and Indus- 
trial Nursing had fheir be- 
ginning in Canada. In 
March of 1905 the first is- 
Bue of The Canadian Nurse 
was publi.heð. In 1906, 
Montreal's Board of Health 
started medIcal in8Dection 
in schools and In 1914 saw 
the beqinnina of horror 
when ålmost 2.000 Cana- 
dian Nursing Si
teT8 served 
In the Army Overseas. 53 
of these heroic women 
qave their lives to the 
Great War. 





 

 


-' 


Tt1RN OF THE 
CENTURY 



 :., 
. . 
.... 



 ' 
:f': 

 
@, J 
ufi 


time of Canada"s one-hundredth year, we pause to 
and recall the significant and proud tradition of serv- 
the Canadian Nurse since the very beginning of our 
As a part of White Sister"s Centennial Project, we 
:ommissioned and produced the pictorial history of 
ian Nursing uniforms reproduced here. It is our hope 
is pictoriål will serve to remind that "as long as there 
en a Canada, there has been a Canadian Nurse to care 


FOR YOUR SET OF "THE IDSTORY OF NURSING" PICTURES 
WITH A DETAILED IDSTORICAL BACKGROUND. WRITE: 


WH ITE SISTER 


70 MOUNT ROYAL WEST, MONTREAL QUE. 
ID SOIt TO COVER COSTS OF POSTAGE AND HANDUNG) 


The end of the Great War 
produced an Increased de- 
mand for more advanced 
and more speci",lized nurs- 
ing education. These were 
the years of chanqe in 
nursing. and to Buit the 
mood. . . In 1924 fhe Ca- 
nadian Notional Associa- 
tion of Trained Nurses 
officially became the Ca- 
nadian Nurses Association. 


MID-1920s 


\ 


\ 


The 1931 Canadian C. 
figures told us that 
were 20.462 Grad 
Nurses, 11.436 Nun. 
trainlnq and 4.698 P, 
c a 1 N u r. e 8 II e r1i 
throughout Canada. ] 
ing had qrown In . 
and bounds and unll 
introduced Bome ex( 
new changes... in fa] 
patterns and styling. 


1930s 


, 
 <1 j 
 
r) - 
Ç
d 

 


The Centennial uniform 
designed and created by 
WhIte Sister for the ex- 
c1usive use of the gradu- 
ate nurses serving at the 
"Nurses' Station" In the 
"Man and His Health Pa- 
vilion" at Expo 67. The 
fabric is "Caprice"' an in- 
timate-btend of Fortrel and 
Cotton. produced for White 
Sister through the com- 
bined efforts of Cel-Cil 
and Dominion Textile. 


on pages 5, 6, 7, 
.. 8 of this maga- 
.ø. zlne you will 
+,,1\<< I -..:..I. see htghli'1hts 
\, .
 \ from White 

 Sister- 8 

 CentennIal 
Ii \ Collection 



RTRE
 .. A aEL aiL CONTEMPO"""'" PI 


-MIGO CA 




en\.nce, economy: 
(iOft 
".\.\'1 1 


 * 

. 

O 


, 


by ABBDTT 


UROGATE for safety: 
Each of the four Abbott Urogate solutions 
are sterile and pyrogen-free and come In 
distinctively labelled orange and black con- 
tainers. The 38mm neck on the containers 
will not accept an I.V. set. Each component 
of the Abbott Urogate system of equipment 
is individually tested, inspected and pack. 
aged in snap-open heavy duty polyethylene 
bags, sterile and pyrogen-free. Each is 
clearly marked to eliminate errors and 
facilitate inventory control. 
UROGATE for convenience: 
The Urogate line is complete, versatile 
and entirely disposable. It offers a variety of 
flow rates, is ultra-simple and Quick to 
assemble. Just attach the dispensing cap 
to the Abbott bottle and suspend. Nothing 
to pour. Nothing to sterilize. Use once, 
then throwaway. 
UROGATE for time-savina: economy: 
The Urogate disposable system eliminates 
12 lengthy steps in the preparation and 
administration of the solution. But that's 
not all: It allows you to make a simple 
direct charle to each patient. There is no 
Central Supply overhead, no guesswork, no 
unnecessary paperwork. 


A completely disposable 
sterile system for urologic 
irrigation to meet 
every need 


_00- 
 
'""
'B 0 TT LA B 0 R AT 0 R IHÊS-LTïM
ËÕ 


2 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


JULY 1967 



The 
Canadian 
Nurse 


b 


A monthly journal for the nurses of Canada published 
in English and French editions by the Canadian Nurses' Association 


Volume 63, Number 7 


July 1967 


31 Opinion ., Wendy Margesson 
32 Remotivation to Motivation ...... .. Doris S. Thompson 
36 Hemophilia .. Claude Petitclerc 
38 The Nurse and the Hemophiliac Patient Janine Drapeau 


41 Prostheses for Cancer Patients . 


C. M. Godfrey and Stanley Brasier 


44 Programmed Instruction - Can We Use It? R. Roslyn Klaiman 
48 Sex Knowledge of Prospective Teachers and 
Graduate Nurses Anne McCreary-Juhasz 


The views expressed in the various articles are the views of the authors and do not 
necessarily represent the policies or views of the Canadian Nurses' Association. 


4 Letters 29 In A Capsule 
9 News 51 Books 
24 Names 52 Films 
26 New Products 53 Accession List 
28 Dates 


Cover Photo: E. Dorothy Arnot. Director of Nursing at The Wellesley Hospital. To- 
ronto, with patient who is about to leave hospital. 


Executive Director: Helen K. Mussallem . 
Editor: Virginia A. Llndabury . Assistant 
Editor: Glennls N. ZUm . Editorial Assistant: 
Carla D. Penn . Circulation Manager: pter- 
rette Hotte . Advertising Manager: Ruth H. 
Baumel . Subscription Rates: Canada: One 
Year. $4.50; two years, $8.00. Foreij!n: One 
Year, $5.00; two years, $9.00. Single copies: 
50 cents each. Make cheques or money orders 
payable to The Canadian Nurse . Change of 
Address: F,;ur weeks' notice and the otd 
address as well as the new are necessary. Not 
responsible for journals lost in mail due to 
errors in address. 
@ Canadian Nurses' Association, 1967 


Manuscript Infonnatlon: "The Canadian 
Nurse" welcomes unsolicited articles. AI1 
manuscripts should he typed, double-spaced, 
on one side of unruled paper leaving wide 
margins. Manuscripts are accepted for review 
for exclusive publIcation. The editor reserves 
the right to make the usual editorial chanj!es. 
Photoj!raphs (glossy prints) and graphs and 
diagrams (drawn in india ink on white paper) 
are welcomed with such articles. The editor 
is not committed to publish al1 articles sent, 
nor to indicate defimte dates of puhlication. 
Authorized as Second-Class Mail by the Post 
Office Department, Ottawa, and for_payment 
of postage in cash. Postpaid at Montreal. 
Return Postage Guaranteed. 50 The Driveway 
Ottawa 4. Ontario. . 


Politicians, historians, economists, 
and journalists alike, have taken 
advantage of this Centennial Year te 
reflect on Canada's past progress. 
Their consensus is that the country 
has come a long way. 
Nursing, one of the few profession! 
having its beginnings over 200 years 
before Confederation, also has come 
a long way. A glimpse of Canadian 
nursing as it existed 100 years ago 
at the time of Confederation, provides 
a sharp reminder of this development 
What training did nurses receive? 
Little, if any. Most nurses learned 
"on the job," since there was no 
organized teaching program. News of 
Florence Nightingale's work in the 
Crimean War and in her own countr) 
had reached the North American 
continent long before 1867. Yet it 
was seven years after Confederation 
before the first school of nursing wa
 
established in this country. 
Was it easy to attract suitable 
nursing staff? 
Many nurses, particularly those 
belonging to religious orders and 
those who acted as Matrons in 
hospitals under secular control, were 
completely altruistic and devoted to 
their patients. Many others. however, 
resembled the "Sairey Gamp" 
character, whose conduct and personal 
code of ethics left much to be desired. 
This excerpt from an 1860 report 
of one hospital gives some insight 
into the "personnel problems" faced 
by administrators of the day, who 
were forced to hire untrained, non- 
registered "nurses": 
"The Matron reported night nurse 
Mrs. Stewart having behaved with 
such immorality she was obliged to 
discharge her immediately. Also that 
Margaret Watson, day nurse, and 
Mrs. Crawford, day nurse, were 
discharged. the first for bad conduct. 
the latter for incapacity." 
The main health problem of the day 
was the recurring epidemics of 
cholera, typhus, and smallpox. The 
1854 cholera epidemic of Montreal, 
which took the lives of 1.186 persons 
(2 percent of the population), is but 
one example of the ravaging plagues 
that decimated the population. Small 
wonder, as Gibbon and Mathewson 
point out in Three Centuries of Cana- 
dian Nursing, that the strain imposed 
on the nursing staff drove them to 
drink! . 
We have, indeed, come a long way. 
Even so, we venture a guess that 
nurses 100 years from now will be 
just as startled at todav's nursing 
situation as we are at the 1867 
picture. We sincerely hope so. 
- Editor. 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 3 


JULY 1967 



letters 


{ 


Letters to the editor are welcome. 
Only signed letters will be considered for publication 
Name will be withheld at the writer's request. 


Nurse - necessary evil? 
Dear Editor: 
An article in a recent issue of Chatelaine 
examined the "chronic crisis in nursing." 
The article failed to point out that the real 
crisis is the confusion and lack of vision 
among present-day nurse "leaders." 
The leaders want all nurses to have a uni- 
versity education. They forget that girls ot 
university standing are intelligent, question- 
ing and progressive - attitudes unwelcome 
in nursing today since, by tradition, nurses 
are not allowed to give even a laxative 
without a doctor's permission. 
It is unrealized - or ignored - by nurse 
innovators, that doctors are the biggest ob- 
stacles to change in nursing. Their profes. 
sional jealousy and fear that their sacro- 
sanct areas might be intruded upon have 
resulted in the nurse's being regarded as a 
necessary evil. This subservient status of the 
nurse is perpetuated in schools of nursing 
where students are taught never to display 
initiative or take responsibility because a 
doctor's order is always necessary, however 
trivial the matter concerned might seem. 
Nurses are also taught that in an emergency 
the doctor will always be present; their 
teaching is limited to what the doctor will 
need and how to assist him. This is an ir- 
responsible, even dangerous attitude. Since 
many small hospitals do not have resident 
ðoctors, the nurse is always first on the 
emergency scene and should be the one to 
initiate treatment. 
The obstetrical service is a good example 
of a little knowledge being an almost dan- 
gerous thing. Nurses are not taught delivery 
technique, although on many occasions the 
doctor does not arrive in time for the birth. 
The nurse copes with the delivery as best 
she can, but is not encouraged to develop 
her skills. In some hospitals a nurse-delivery 
is recorded on an accident form: in others, 
the staff refuse to concede the honors to 
the nurse and write euphemistically in the 
'.delivered-by" column "guided out by 
nurse." Canadian staff on an obstetrics 
floor usually welcome a trained midwife _ 
always from overseas. 
A newly-graduated nurse will find that, 
unless she works in a big city hospital 
which is a teaching center for medical 
students, much knowledge will be forgot- 
ten during her first postgraduate year. She 
will know little about her patients because 
of the curious reluctance of doctors to 
write up case histories, an important source 
of knowledge that enables her to give more 
intelligent and thoughtful care. Nursing 
care can never reach a high standard while 


4 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


the nurse is excluded from a comprehensive 
view of the patient to the point where sbe 
is ignorant. 
New titles are being sought for tomor- 
row's nurses. However, new designations 
will be meaningless if the nurse is to be as 
restricted as she is today. Will the "patient 
care supervisor" of the future be allowed 
to catheterize a patient if she thinks it ne- 
cessary or will even she be forced to con- 
tact the doctor and deliver her tale of 
symptoms and signs? Will the obstetric 
nurse be allowed to care properly for a 
laboring patient; to perform vaginal exam- 
inations; to give sedation when she thinks 
it is needed? Will the doctors accept nurses 
as colleagues and discuss patient care with 
them? These are the points that should con- 
cern nurses now. 
Today's red-taped, negative atmosphere is 
unlikely to attract or hold university-cali- 
ber girls for long. Up-grading the academic 
training is unnecessary at present for the 
knowledge gained will be wasted, and those 
nurses with initiative and leadership will 
quickly become dissatisfied and frustrated. 
- Rosemarie A. Gascoyne, Municipal Hos- 
pital, Peace River, Alberta. 


New childbirth method for Canada l 
Dear Editor: 
I was interested to note in "Names" 
(May, 1967) that Erna Wright will be con- 
ducting seminars for the National Child- 
birth Trust. As you no doubt are aware, 
Mrs. Wright has been conducting these sem- 
inars in London for several years now 
I attended them in 1964 as a newly grad- 
uated Canadian nurse and at that time 
I was very favorably impressed by the new 
method of childbirth. Now, as a mother 
and former obstetrical and public health 
nurse, I still have many of the same 
thoughts on the Lamaze method. 
Can we apply this approach to prepara- 
tion for childbirth in Canada? How would 
this approach, in general, be accepted by 
our Canadian obstetricians? Are our obs- 
tetrical nurses prepared to give effective 
nursing care to the patient trained by this 
method? 
I believe that an objective article clarify- 
ing and examining various methods of pre- 
natal education, their application in Canada. 
and the particular nursing care involved, 
would be of great help to. public health 
and obstetrical nurses, and also of interest 
to many other nurses and young women. 
- Nancy (Mrs. Ross E.) Hayes, McGill '64. 
Cambridge, Massachusetts. 


Just curious 
Dear Editor: 
Your nursing journal is excellent. I enjoy 
it very much as a friend in Montreal sends 
me her copy when she is finished with it. 
I have one little remark to make about 
the cover of the April issue. The young 
nurse on the picture is attractive and her 
uniform is very pretty, but are her shoes 
professional? Do they really wear "heels" 
on duty in Canada? I see you carried a 
suitable advertisement for the Clinic shoe 
on page 2 of the same issue. Also, where 
is the black band - or is this model a 
registered nurse? 
Just curious - that's all. Some of the 
other nurses here wonder why her hands 
are hidden as hands are a very important 
commodity to a nurse. I think Canadian 
artists have lots to learn yet. - Arlene 
Wisdom. New York City, N.Y. 


Another First For Saskatchewan 
Dear Editor: 
Congratulations to the journal for its ex- 
cellence, and to Miss Linda Long for her 
well written exposition on Saskatchewan's 
venture in changing the pattern of nursing 
education (April 1967). Even more con- 
gratulations to Saskatchewan for living up 
to its well-earned reputation of leadership in 
the health field. 
I am reminded of a statement made 
many years ago by the late Dr. Fergu- 
son to the effect that in health matters 
Saskatchewan could be counted on to make 
the first move. This is another "first". - 
Ruth M. Morrison, Vancouver, British Co- 
lumbia. 


Hospital budgets 
Dear Editor: 
I was particularly impressed by two arti- 
cles published in the March issue: "Stan- 
dardization," by George T. Maloney and 
"Hospital and Health Care. What Price?" 
by S. J. Maubach. 
I am deeply concerned about hospital 
budgets and believe that if personnel in the 
departments concerned were to read these 
articles they would have guides to objec- 
tive thinking and realistic planning. I hope 
to obtain copies of these articles so that 
they can be given to the appropriate per- 
sons at home (Trinidad) and to a few of 
my colleagues in nursing administration 
here in Jamaica. - (Mrs.) Elsa V. Blake- 
Pinder, University of the West Indies. Ja- 
maica, West Indies. 


JULY 1967 



'l'his V er
 Speeiøl Cøtølogue 


WAS CREATED IN HONOUR OF CANADA'S CENTENNIAL AND 
EXPO 67 AND FEATURES WHITE SISTER'S UNIQUE "CENTENNIAL 
COLLECTION" OF FINE PROFESSIONAL UNIFORMS. 


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On the following pages. we are pleased to show you fash- 
ion highlights from the White Sister --Centennial Collection" 


For your free c:opy of the c:omplete c:ataloCJue. write: White Sister Uniform Inc:. 70 Mount Royal West. Montreal 14. Quebec: 



HIGHLIGHTS 
from the 
WHITE SISTER 
CENTENNIAL 
COLLECTION 


WHITE SISTER'S LUXURY COMBED 
WASH AND WEAR COTTONS 
rhe traditionally perfect choice of 
:liscriminating professionals. 
With the crisp comfort that only 
.ong staple cotton can offer. Beau- 
iüully white with the built in ease- 
,f-care of White Sister's WASH and 
WEAR fabric finish. This fabric group 
eatures the following distinctive 
Neaves: The Proiessionallxl - 
?oplin Shantung Weave (slub) 
?oplin Imperial - Bengaline 
Weave - Ottoman Weave 
!\.LL WHITE SISTER LUX- 
JRY COMBED COTTONS 
!\.RE SANITIZED AND 
::;UARANTEED 
?RE-SHRUNK 


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31530 in SIn.tized c.n.d Wash. W...Plplin at $'2.11 
3/" nil.... ''''",s. sizes 12.'6 
43530 san. #3630 in Jr. Pltitl 111ft 5.11 - 1:11",": Whit.. Pink. 81111 


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A I'f"(' "'Dal )oÒhrluh ..nb ha.ad:-.ome ooable brtukd 81,lml: and 
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#31598 in Slnltized Com'" Wash & W.. . Shantung WI."'" ",Iin at S10.18 
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COMBED LUXURY COTTON 


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Especially conalruCled to give .uperlor performance and long 
hIe In line White Sisler unlforma retailing at $1298. '13_98 
and $14 98. TRULY THE FINEST VALUE IN THE MARKET! 


"SOVEREIGN" - WHITE SISTER'S BLEND OF 
eo'/. FORTREL POLYESTER a 20"10 LUXURY 
COMBED COTTON 


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touch and an amazingly pure-while luatre Truly.lhe 
uilimate In umlorm labrlcs. because regardlees of price 
there 18 no liner blended fabric 10 De lound anywhere. 


WHITE SISTER'S "INTIMATE BLENDS" OF 
FORTREL a LUXURY COMBED COTTON ARE 
SANITIZED FOR YOUR PROTECTION 


. 


rhe White Sister Uniforms featured on 
these pages are available at fine retailers 
Jcross Canada, if you are unable to locate 
:he uniform of your choice at the retailer 
)f your choice please write: 


';IJJJ 

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WH ITE SISTER 


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70 Mt. Royal West, Montreal,Que, 


FRill CAREER DRESS 
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Don't forget to write for your copy of the 
,AIL"&._ 
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news 


Breakthrough: Nurse is 
Guest Speaker at Doctors' 
Convention 
Montreal. - For the first time in the 
loo-year history of the Association, dele- 
gates to the Canadian Medical Association 
Conference listened to a nurse. 
Dr. Helen Mussallem, executive director 
of the Canadian Nurses' Association, was 
guest speaker at the annual meeting in 
Montreal in mid-June. 
Dr. Mussallem told the doctors that there 
was no shortage of nurses in Canada - 
only a shortage of working nurses. "Unless 
corrected, the sub-standard levels of salaries 
and the poor working conditions now pre- 
vailing in the profession will, within a few 
years, create an actual shortage," she said. 
She called for a coordinated plan for all 
workers in the health field, and greater 
cooperation between medicine and nursing. 
The first week of the two-week meeting 
was held in Quebec City and the second 
week in Montreal. Theme for the day was 
manpower problems in other health profes- 
sions. 


Date and Place Set For 
CNA-CMA-CHA Conference 
Toronto. - The program committee of 
the joint CNA-CMA-CHA Conference on 
Hospital-Medical Staff Relations has an- 
nounced the date and site for the meeting. 
The conference of administrators, directors 
of nursing, doctors, and trustees will be 
held at the Seigniory Club in Montebello, 
Quebec, on December 4th, 5th and 6th, 
1967. 
Tentative plans for the program have 
been prepared, but details have not been 
released. The tbeme of the Conference will 
be the improvement of communications 
within the hospital setting. All hospitals will 
be invited, but attendance will be limited. 
The Canadian Nurses' Association, the 
Canadian Medical Association, and the 
Canadian Hospital Association are sponsor- 
ing the conference as a joint project. 


Committee of Experts Meets 
To Discuss ICN Magazine 
Geneva. - Experts from the field of 
publications and publicity formed an Ad 
Hoc Committee to assist the Board of Dir- 
ectors of the International Council of 
Nurses decide the future policy for the 
International Nu.rsing Review. 
Representatives invited from the ICN Ex- 
pert Advisory Panel were Miss P. D. Nutt- 
all, S.R.N., M.C.S.P., editor, Nursing Times, 
United Kingdom, and Mr. P. E. Day, R.N., 


JULY 1967 


Expo 67 Nursing Station Busy Place 


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As do nurses in any ward office, on-duty staff at the nurses station in the 
"Man and His Health" Thenu! Pavilion at Expo 67 meet visitors. Expo nurses 
may see and be seen by 1,200 visitors each hour, however. In the photo Miss 
I. Hébert, graduate nurse from Hôpital Maisonneuve, Montreal, explains an 
electrocardiograph reading from the automatic cardiac monitor, while Miss 
Ginette Rheault, student at the St. Luc Hospital, Montreal, watches the closed 
circuit television screen that allows her to observe the patient at all times. 
The television scenes were taped in hospitals and enable the nurses to show 
visitors how patients with severe burns, cardiac arrest, or hemorrhage are 
cared for in an intensive observation unit. 


Executive Director of the American Journal 
of Nursing Company. They were joined by 
Miss Ann Jackson, editor, Panorama, 
League of Red Cross Societies; Mile A.-M. 
Paur, editor, Revue Suisse des Infirmière.f; 
Dr. N. Howard-Jones, director, division of 
editorial and reference services, World 
Health Organization; and Monsieur J.-G. 
Lossier, editor, International Review of the 
Red Cross, International Committee of the 
Red Cross. 
Under the chairmanship of the ICN Pres- 
ident, Miss Alice Girard, the meeting was 
held April 17-19. Principal topics discussed 
were editorial policy of the International 
Nursing Review, its full function, form, and 
production. Replies of national nurses' as- 
sociations to a circular letter concerning the 
Review were considered. 


NBARN Annual Meeting 
Emphasizes Nursing Service 
Fredericton. - "Nursing Service in Tran- 
sition" was the theme of the 51st annual 
meeting of the New Brunswick Association 
of Registered Nurses held in Fredericton 
May 31 to June 2, 1967. Speakers, panel- 
ists, and audience all took an active part 


in open discussions of the best ways to as- 
sure qualified nursing care. 
Mrs. Katherine Wright, president of 
NBARN, told the audience in her address 
on the first morning that all nurses must 
look for ways to remove the workload of 
managerial and non-nursing duties. "We 
have permitted a lesser prepared person 
to give direct patient care while we in- 
volve ourselves in activities not requiring 
professional training," she said. "In this 
climate the practice of nursing becomes 
superficial," she declared. 
Executive secretary Mrs. Gwendolyn Her- 
mann reported on the AssocÍJtion's activities 
in the past year. Highlights of the year 
included a request to the provincial gov- 
ernment to implement the plan of education 
proposed in Portrait of Nursing, new pla- 
teaus in collective bargaining, adoption of 
a new system of registration examinations, 
and revision of the bylaws, especially with 
respect to membership and fees. 
Miss Margaret Steed, nursing consultant, 
education, Canadian Nurses' Association, 
gave the keynote address. She urged mem- 
bers to recognize two appropriate categories 
of nurses and to design educational pro- 
grams that will prepare the nurse for her 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 9 



news 


role. She explained how the statement of 
roles, functions and educational preparation 
for the practice of nursing, recently released 
by the CNA, was prepared and the effects 
it will have on nursing all across Canada. 
A banquet on the evening of the second 
day of the conference was the social high- 
light of the program. Guest speaker was 
Miss June I. Ferguson, public relations of- 
ficer for the Canadian Nurses' Association. 
Miss Ferguson urged nurses to be aware of 
their role as moulders of public opinion. 
She praised the programs of the national 
and provincial associations as opinion lead- 
ers, but she stressed the role of the indivi- 
dual member. "It is the attitude and the 
conversation and the conduct and the dedi- 
cated drive of the individual nurse that in 
the final analysis will make the profession 
move onwards and upward," she said. 
The three-day program was attended by 
nurses from all parts of the province. 


Saskatchewan Nurses Celebrate 
Golden Anniversary at Annual 
Meeting 
Saskatoon. - At their annual convention, 
held May 24-26, Saskatchewan nurses cele- 
brated their 50th anniversary by setting a 
new basic monthly salary goal of $450. 
This amount will serve as a basis for draft- 
ing of personnel policies, which the SRNA 
will then negotiate informally with the 
Saskatchewan Hospital Association. The 
delegates also approved some IS resolutions 
pertaining to improvement of working con- 
ditions. 
In her address, the outgoing president, 
Miss Vera Spencer, reminded delegates that 
a bill on Collective Bargaining for Nurses 
was submitted to the Legislature to permit 
the SRNA to negotiate collectively for its 
members. The Minister of Health for Sask- 
atchewan. Mr. G. B. Grant, said in a letter 
addressed to the SRNA that he approved the 
"principle contained in these proposals of a 
formal collective bargaining mechanism be- 
ing established on behalf of employed re- 
gistered nurses." 
In the meantime, SRNA will negotiate 
non-officially with the hospital association. 
In the past, the hospitals have respected 
these agreements to a large extent. How- 
ever, many nurses feel that it will be more 
difficult this year because of the large in- 
crease in salary nurses are asking for (ap- 
proximately $75 per month). 
Sister Thérèse Castonguay. superintendent 
of nursing education, Department of Edu- 
cation, briefly outlined progress in that field. 
The new regional (central) school will open 
in September. Although she is still looking 
for a director, Sister Castonguay neverthe- 
less reassured her audience that "deadlines 
are being met." Instead of being divided 


10 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


SRNA Celebrates Golden Anniversary 



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On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Saskatchewan Registered 
Nurses Association, Mrs. lean Thomson (right), first president (1917-1919) 
of the SRNA took an active part in the annual meeting. Mrs. Thomson told 
her audience of the stages of the founding of the Association and of the diffi- 
culties and the progress made in the fields of registration, curriculum uni- 
formy, and comiitions of work. 
During her nursing career, Mrs. Thomson organiZJ!d the school health pro- 
gram for the Saskatchewan Department of Education and helped plan the 
junior Red Cross program at the nationallevel. 
Recognized for her outstanding contributions to nursing, Mrs. Thomson 
was president of the CNA from 1922-1926. She received the Agnes Snively 
medal in 1938 and the Florence Nightingale medal in 1939. 
With Mrs. Thomson in the photograph we see Mrs. Agnes Gunn (left), 
new president of the SRNA. Mrs. Gunn, a graduate of Moodstock General 
Hospital and McGill University, took postgraduate work at Boston University. 
She is presently associate director of nursing at the Saskatoon Civic Hospital. 
Before her election to the presidency, Mrs. Gunn was first vice-presidenJ of 
the SRN A and has served on many committees at the provincial ami national 
levels. 


into the traditional areas (medical-surgical. 
pediatrics. etc.), nursing instruction at the 
new school will be given in three stages: 
basic or simple nursing care, intermediate 
nursing care, and acute or advanced nursing 
care. 
Miss Margaret McCrady spoke to the 
general assembly on "Automation in Nurs- 
ing" and described progress in this field at 
the Victoria General Hospital in Winnipeg. 
Miss Ella Howard. director of nursing ser- 
vice at the New Mount Sinai Hospital of 
Toronto, described changes that will have 
to be made in hospital nursing services. 
"Nursing service must change its philosophy 
and prepare for inservice programs. We 
cannot expect anymore that the new gradu- 
ate will be a procedure expert." Miss Howard 


described how a hospital must function 
while accepting nursing students for clin- 
ical experience; one of the main conditions 
of success is the assurance that the students 
are supernumerary and that the hospital does 
not count on their services in budgeting. 
The Association honored its 50th a
niver- 
sary by presenting the new book, The First 
Fifty Years; a nurse, Mrs. Marguerite E. 
Robinson is the author. 
At the closing of the convention, the 
newly-elected officers were presented. They 
are: Mrs. Agnes Gunn. president; Mrs. 
Madge McKillop, first vice-president; Sister 
Mary Rifuna, second vice-president; Mrs. 
Agnes Herd, chairman, nursing education 
committee; Mrs. Marjorie Tutty, chairman, 
nursing service committee; Miss Catherine 


JULY 1967 



news 


Boyko, chairman, socio-economic welfare 
committee; Mrs. Dolores Ast, chairman. 
chapters and public relations committee. 
In turning over the chair to the new 
president, Miss Vera Spencer declared, "I 
feel very proud to have had the honor of 
serving the Association at this time of our 
50th Anniversary; I am sure that the Asso- 
ciation will move ahead as successfully in 
the next 50 years as it has in the past." 


New Officers For RNANS 
Sydney. - A new slate of officers for 
the Registered Nurses' Association of Nova 
Scotia was elected during the annual meet- 
ing held in Sydney. Nova Scotia, May 31 to 
June 2, 1967. 
Miss Jean Church. assistant director of 
the school of nursing at Dalhousie Univer- 
sity was elected president. First vicee-presi- 
dent is Eleanor Purdy, director of nursing 
at Nova Scotia Hospital. Margaret Mathe- 
son, a retired nurse, was elected second 
vice-president, and Sister Marie Barbara, 
director of nursing at St. Martha's Hospital, 
third vice-president. 
Other officers elected during the meeting 
were: Marilyn Riley, recording secretary; 
Sister Clare Marie, chairman, nursing edu- 
cation committee; Mrs. Rose Jenkins, chair- 
man. nursing service committee; and Sister 
Thomas Joseph, chairman, social and econ- 
omic welfare committee. 
Approved during the three-day meeting 
were the personnel policies to start January 
1, 1968. These included a recommended 
basic salary of $425 per month. 


Plan For Nursing Education 
Presented to RNABC Annual 
Meeting 
Vancouver. - Delegates to the annual 
meeting of the Registered Nurses' Associa- 
tion of British Columbia, held in Vancou- 
ver, May 31 - June 2. heard plans for 
the orderly development of nursing educa- 
tion in the province and had an opportun- 
ity for discussion with the members of the 
committee. The educational program of the 
meeting centered on the new publication, 
A Proposed Plan for the Orderly Develop- 
ment of Nursing Education in British Co- 
lumbia. The document was prepared by the 
RNABC pbnning committee on nursing 
education. 
Members of the committee reviewed per- 
tinent portions of the report. and answered 
questions from the floor. 
Only pact I of the plan is ready; it con- 
cerns basic nursing education programs. It 
reports that the six hospital schools in the 
province are conducting good programs, 
but that they are graduating insufficient 
numbers to meet provincial requirements. 
The committee agreed that all schools 
JULY 1967 


should come within the provincial general 
educational system. and that a gradual phas- 
ing-out of the present hospital-conducted 
schools should be planned. Two-year pro- 
grams in nursing in suitable post-secondary 
educational institutions must be developed 
concurrently. 
The recommended personnel policies of 
the RN ABC for January 1968. to be pro- 
posed in bargaining with nurse employers, 
were discussed. Delegates recommended a 
basic starting salary of $600 a month for 
tbe first-year diploma graduate. 
Resolutions passed at the three-day meet- 
ing included a request to Council that a 
full-time consultant in nursing service be 
added to the staff of the provincial office, 
and that a committee be set up by the 
RNABC to hear appeals from nurses dis- 
missed from their positions and to offer 
full support of the Association in obtaining 
reinstatement where .it is justified. 
Suggested changes to the bylaws were 
presented by the committee on legislation, 
constitution and bylaws. and were passed by 
the assembly. 


RNANS Examines 
Shortened Programs 
Sydney. - The Registered Nurses' Asso- 
ciation of Nova Scotia examined "Shortened 
Programs in Nursing and the Implications 
for Nursing Service" during their annual 
meeting held May 31 to June 2, 1967. 
Attendance at this year's meeting was a 
record high with 480, including 80 student 
nurses. 


Guest speakers at the education day were 
Mrs. Catherine O'Shaunessy, acting director 
of the school of nursing of Regina Grey 
Nuns' Hospital, Regina, and Miss Margaret 
Beswetherick, nursing advisor for RNANS. 
Miss Beswetherick told how social change 
in Canada had created a need for change 
within nursing. Advocating a change from 
the present hospital school system, she 
said. "Educators are charged with the future 
care of the patient. For the sake of ex- 
pediency this future goal is often jeopar- 
dized." She pointed out that the 25 percent 
service component required of student 
nurses is often far exceeded - at the ex- 
pense of their education. 
"Inertia within a system of education 
may be created by the inability to take a 
stand," she said. 
At the afternoon session Mrs. O'Shau- 
nessy dealt with the step-by-step develop- 
ment of the problems associated with the 
two-year program at Grey Nuns' Hospital 
School of Nursing in Saskatchewan. 
Following the speeches, panel members 
presented thoughts, ideas and anticipated 
problems for nursing service associated with 
the change to a shortened program. The 
major problem was considered to be staff- 
ing. 
Miss Jean Dobson, participant in one of 
the panels, suggested that nurses look close- 
ly at the traditions and functions that are 
not practical or in keeping with society. 
"One of our most pronounced problems 
seems to be our routine," she said. 
The membership gave a unanimous vote 


V -I 


V ADEMECUM INTERNATIONAL 


V -I 


Pharmaceutical Specialities and Biologicals 


During the past years we have received many orders from Regisfered Nurses for VADEMECUM 
INTERNATIONAL. We hove not been oble to fill some of these orders due to the limited 
number of books available. If you would like a copy of the 1968 edifion, please order if 
immediately to enable us ta order an adequate supply from our printer to insure delivery 
of your copy. There will be no other solicitation for your order. October delivery. 


r--------------------l 
I J. Morgan Jones Publications, Ltd. I 
I 6300 Park Avenue, V-I 1968 I 
I Montreal 8, P.Q. I 
I I 
I Enclosed you will find my check or postal money order at the special R.N. rafe of I 
$4.00. Please send to me fhe 1968 D English or D French (check language choice) 
I edition of VADEMECUM INTERNATIONAL as soon as printed. I 
I I 
I NAME ..m... I 
I ADDRESS I 
: CITY PROVo I 
_____________________J 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 11 



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12 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


news 


N.. 
510 


of confidence in their executive and gave 
them the authority to proceed with the 
changes in the basic nursing education pro- 
grams as they saw fit. 
"Largest Ever" Convention 
For Alberta Nurses 
Edmonton. - More than 1,100 nurses at- 
tended the 51st annual convention of the 
Alberta Association of Registered Nurses 
held at the Chateau Lacombe in Edmonton 
in mid-May. The three-day convention was 
the largest ever held by the Association. 
The program was built around the theme 
"Service Through Self-Improvement." Miss 
Dorothy M. Smith, Dean, College of Nurs- 
ing, University of Aorida, delivered the 
keynote address. Miss Smith was both 
critical of and hopeful for nursing. She 
criticized, "Adequate nursing is done by 
chance rather than by organization and 
systematic approach, and nurses must learn 
to feel accountable." The lack of a system 
for collecting data or information on which 
to make predictions and set nursing goals is 
a major problem in nursing, the dean said. 
The fund of nursing knowledge is growing, 
however, and nurses are learning to pool in- 
formation systematically and concisely so 
that they can think clinically, she added. 
Dr. Ralph Sutherland of the University 
of Ottawa addressed the large audience on 
"Specialization." His talk was followed by 
a lively discussion from panel members 
Dr. C. J. Varvis, internist, Links Clinic, 
Edmonton; Mr. E. H. Knight, administrator, 
General Hospital, Red Deer; Miss Pamela 
Allan, University of Alberta Hospital; and 
Mrs. Margaret Mrazek, educational coordin- 
ator, Misericordia Hospital, Edmonton. 
Dr. Varvis roused the audience and drew 
angry responses from fellow panel members 
when he suggested that nurses were "hand- 
maidens" of the doctor. "Are you saying 
that doctors could do a better job of nurs- 
ing than nurses?" asked Dr. Sutherland. 
Dr. Helen Mussallem, executive director, 
Canadian Nurses' Association, gave an up- 
to-date repon of CNA activities and future 
plans. 
SocialIy, the convention opened with a 
wine and cheese party that attracted 500 
nurses and VIPs. The reception party en- 
abled many members to meet and greet 
friends from throughout the province. More 
than 800 attended the annual banquet held 
the folIowing evening. 
"Nursing Today" Theme 
of ARNN Annual Meeting 
Grand Falls, Nt/d. - The 13th annual 
meeting of the Association of Registered 
Nurses of Newfoundland, held May 8th and 
9th in Grand Falls, marked the first time 
that this meeting had been held outside the 
capital city of St. John's. 


Na. 
100 


Theme of this year's meeting was "Nurs- 
ing Today." The speeches examined "Nurs- 
ing Needs of a Space Age Society," "Values 
and Status in Nursing Today," and "De- 
velopments in Medical and Nursing Scien- 
ce." 
Guest speaker at the annual banquet was 
Mrs. Huguette LaBeIle, assistant director of 
the school of nursing at the Ottawa Gen- 
eral Hospital and lecturer in hospital ad- 
ministration at the University of Ottawa. 
Newly-elected president of the ARNN is 
Reverend Sister Mary Xaverius who re- 
places past-president Miss Janet Story. Vice- 
presidents elected during the meeting are 
Mrs. Marilyn Marsh, Miss Dorothy Pinsent 
and Miss Ada Simms. 
Members passed a resolution that the 
ARNN request the Memorial University of 
Newfoundland to set up diploma and de- 
gree programs for graduate nurses to meet 
the immediate needs of nursing in New- 
foundland. Speakers to the motion reported 
that at present a shortage of nurses with 
postbasic preparation in nursing education 
and administration exists in the province. 


BC OR Nurses Organize; 
Plan Institute For Spring /68 
Vancouver. - The British Columbia 
Operating Room Nurses' Group has grown 
to almost 300 members since it was stan- 
ed in May 1966, the president, Miss Joan 
Flower, told the members of the executive 
at their recent meeting. It is expected that 
many more nurses from all parts of the 
province will join as corresponding mem- 
bers by the faIl of this year. 
The executive committee announced plans 
for a provincial institute to be held in the 
spring of 1968. At that time, members will 
be asked to approve a constitution and by- 
laws. 
The objectives of the group - as outlined 
in the proposed constitution - are to im- 
prove the quality of nursing care to pa- 
tients undergoing surgical intervention by 
improving present practices in the operating 
room; to keep abreast of recent develop- 
ments in surgical techniques and procedures 
and administrative practices; and to aIlow 
for correspondence and exchange of ideas 
and techniques between operating room per- 
sonnel throughout the province. 
Other executive members, who will re- 
main in office until the 1968 meeting, are: 
Miss ElIen Schrodt, vice-president; Mrs. 
Aneta William, secretary; Miss Corrine 
McGibbon, treasurer. 


Environmental Medicine: 
New Field 
New York. - Thanks to the relatively 
new field of environmental medicine, there 
is hope that the causes of several trouble- 
some ailments - bronchial asthma, chronic 
bronchitis, eczema, hay fever, alIergic skin 
irritations, and other alIergic diseases - 
may one day be found and effective treat- 
(Continued on page 14) 


JULY 1967 



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news 


(Continued from page 12) 


ment evolved and implemented. 
What is environmental medicine? Basical- 
ly, it is research study, experiments and 
treatment directly involving humans, car- 
ried on in environmentally controlled 
rooms to further the knowledge of biomed- 
ical physiologists and pathophysiologists. 
"I believe that environmental medicine 
will be an entire medical field in the not- 
too-distant future," says Dr. Vincent J. 
Fontana, director of pediatrics at St. Vin- 
cent's Hospital and Medical Center in New 
York City, who conceived the idea for the 
room used there. 
The St. Vincent's installation, said to be 
the first environmentally controlled diag- 
nostic and treatment unit in the United 
States, was constructed by Tenney En- 
gineering. Inc., of Union, N.J. It was in- 
stalled in February, 1965. 
What are environmentally controlled 
rooms? Most of them look like any other 
hospital room, but are constructed so that 
pollen, dust, molds and other irritants in 
the air may be removed completely, or in- 
troduced at will in precisely controlled 
quantities, to determine their allergic ef- 
feet upon the patients. It also is possible 
to create a wide range of temperatures 
and / or humidities and in some cases to 
simulate varying altitudes. 
Patients and their reactions to these con- 
ditions can be monitored around the clock 
by means of closed-circuit television or 
one-way windows. 


NLN Affirms Stand 
On Nursing Education 
New York. - The National League for 
Nursing again supported its stand for an 
orderly phasing out of hospital diploma 
schools of nursing at its biennial convention 
held in New York in early May. The as- 
sembly also adopted a new structure de- 
signed to encourage participation in nursing 
affairs by the community. 
The major issue of the five-day meeting 
came on the final morning. A motion to 
rescind a 1965 resolution calling for the 
orderly transition of nursing education into 
institutions of higher learning was defeated. 
The NLN's position remains compatible 
with the American Nurses' Association's 
position on the educational of professional 
and technical nurse practitioners. 
A second motion was put forward to pro- 
vide, for interpretation, a statement that 
accredited diploma programs and licensed 
practical nursing programs must be conti- 
nued concurrently with the development of 
the new programs so that present and evolv- 
ing nursing needs are met. This motion 
was approved and referred to the NLN 
Board of Directors for action. 
14 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


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Tiny patient being cared for in environmentally controlled room at St. Vincent's 
Hospital in New York City. Staff check allergic skin reaction. 


In bylaw changes approved by the mem- 
bership, the League retains councils of 
member agencies for all types of nursing 
education programs, and councils of mem- 
ber agencies for hospital and public health 
nursing services. Individual members are 
included in a council on community plan- 
ning for nursing. 
Also approved was a bylaw change mak- 
ing the immediate past president a member 
of the Board for a two-year term. 
Other resolutions approved at the meet- 
ing reiterated NLN support of men in 
nursing, and urged support for home care 
programs. 
More than 7,000 members and guests - 
representing nursing, hospital administra- 


tion, medicine, education - registered for 
the convention. 


RNABC Returns President 
For Second Term 
Vancouver. - Mrs. Margaret H. Lunn 
was named for a second term as president 
of the Registered Nurses' Association of 
British Columbia at the annual meeting 
May 31 - June 2. Mrs. Lunn is currently 
acting head nurse at the Pearson Hospital 
in Vancouver. 
Elected by acclamation as first vice-presi- 
dent was Miss Eunice Bastable. public 
health nurse in the After Care Clinic of the 
Provincial Mental Health Services. 
Also elected to office were Mrs. Monica 


The new president of the National League for Nursing, L. Ann Conley, second 
tro'!1 right
 and other officers get together informally after the announcement of 
their electiOn at the National League tor Nursing Convention in New York in 
May. Left are Anne Kibrick, /irst vice-president, and Gwendoline R. MacDo- 
nald, third vice-president. At right is Dean Long, treasurer. Michael G. Blans- 
/ield, second vice-president was not present. 


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JULY 1967 



Next Month 
in 


The 
Canadian 
Nurse 


. Inservice education 


. New image for the 
hospital chaplain 


· Manipulation in nurse-patient 
relationships 



 

 


Photo credits 


E. Roseborough - Cover photo 


Graetz Bros. Ltd., p. 9 


Julien LeBourdais, pp. 20, 24 


Briston Films Limited, p. 2S 


,UL Y 1967 


news. ,I ARISTOC 
Angus, student In the master s program In 
education at UBC, as second vice-president; 
Miss Marion K. Smith, senior administra- 
tive assistant of special projects and research 
at the Vancouver General Hospital, as hon- 
orary secretary; and Mr. Thomas J. Mc- 
Kenna, medical technician at Riverview 
Hospital, Essondale, as honorary treasurer. 
The new executive will serve a two-year 
term. 


Evaluation Forms Need 
Evaluation, Educator 
Points Out 
Ottawa. - Evaluation forms now in use 
place too much emphasis on personality 
traits and not enough on nursing care, ac- 
cording to Sister Jeanne Forest of Mon- 
treal's Institut Marguerite d'YouviIle. Sister 
Jeanne was addressing delegates of the 
Canadian Conference of University Schools 
of Nursing at their meeting here at the end 
of May. 
Striving for adequate care, administering 
drugs precisely, admitting errors, and keep- 
ing up-to-date on new methods are some of 
the main characteristics of a good student 
nurse, she said. Sister has recently com- 
pleted a 200-page research paper on the 
evaluation of first-year nursing students as 
a partial requirement for her doctoral de- 
gree. 
Other speakers at the meeting included 
Miss Moyra Allen, associate professor of 
nursing at McGill University in Montreal, 
Miss Betty Harrington of the University of 
Alberta, Edmonton, and Miss Marie Forten 
of Laval University, Quebec. 
During the meeting, the more than 40 
professors from university schools across 
Canada discussed suggestions for a new 
structure for CCUSN. A further meeting 
will be held in October to investigate the 
proposal. 
Deans and directors of university schools 
of nursing in Ontario reported that they 
have established a separate association to 
share ideas on programs, progress, prob- 
lems, and plans in the province. 


New Salvation Army Hospital 
Opens in Winnipeg 
Winnipeg. - Transferring patients 
even just down the hall - can be a trouble- 
some task. However, the transfer of patients 
five and one-half miles - from the old 
Grace General Hospital in downtown Win- 
nipeg to the gleaming new Grace General 
Hospital in the suburb of St. James - went 
off slick as a whistle. 
The transfer of patients to the new 250- 
bed hospital was planned with the Metro- 
politan Winnipeg Emergency Measures Or- 
ganization. The move was completed in one 
day. 


Fashion stockings 
now imported 
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 15 



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The new seven and one-half million dol- 
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weeks before by Manitoba Premier Duff 
Roblin. Commissioner Edgar Grinsted, Ter- 
ritorial Commander for the Salvation Army 
in Canada and Bermuda, handed Premier 
Roblin the special golden key at the open- 
ing ceremonies on April 19. 
Prior to the transfer of patients, which 
took place May 6, tours were arranged for 
many organizations and the public. One of 


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16 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


the most popular was that for senior citi- 
zens; more than 600 took advantage of the 
opportunity to see the new facilities. Over 
8,500 people toured the hospital during the 
nine days. 
The old hospital has been closed to allow 
demolition of the oldest parts. Later, a new 
Winnipeg Division will be opened on the 
site. The plan is to provide 450 beds in 
the two divisions. By operating the two as 
one hospital, important savings will be 
made. Modern communication services 
make it possible to add the 200-bed division 
without duplication of senior administrative 
positions. For example, there will be one 


*T.M. 


67-3 


administrator, one director of nursing, one 
medical director, one purchasing depar- 
ment, one personnel office, one admitting 
department, one CSR, and one switchboard. 
The two divisions will be linked though an 
internal telephone system, by direct trans- 
mission of written and typed communica- 
tions, and possibly by telephone transmis- 
sion of x-rays and electrocardiograms. 
Specialist services will not be duplicated. 
For instance, obstetric and pediatric serv- 
ices will be provided only at St. James, and 
psychiatric and urological services will be 
in the Winnipeg division - emergencies 
always excepted. 


RNAO Greylists 
County Hospital 
Toronto. - The Registered Nurses' As- 
sociation of Ontario has announced the 
greylisting of Lennox and Addington County 
General Hospital. in Napanee. 
The Association recommends that nurses 
refrain from accepting employment in this 
hospital until the present dispute over a 
management problem is resolved. The dis- 
pute relates to the termination of employ- 
ment of three senior members of the nurs- 
ing staff - an administrative supervisor, a 
supervisor of the operating room, and a 
head nurse in the emergency department. 
RNAO urged present staff to honor their 
employment contracts so that the hospital 
may continue to function. 
In a press announcement, the Association 
said "We take this action with regret and 
in the absence of an established mechanism 
for resolution of a dispute involving mana- 
gement nurses. The association is willing, 
at any time, to work with the hospital 
administration in an effort to find a solu- 
tion to the dispute. The hospital has not 
suggested that the nurses involved in the 
dispute are other than competent profes- 
sional persons. They lost their positions 
attempting to bring about better patient 
care through suggestions pertaining to im- 
proved methods of administration of the 
nursing department." 


New Pamphlet Describes 
Nurses' Education, Functions 
A concise description of both the dip- 
loma and baccalaureate nursing programs 
and the roles that graduates from either 
program will play in nursing is contained 
in a new pamphlet published by the Can- 
adian Nurses' Association. 
The five-page pamphlet, called Roles, 
Function and Educational Preparation for 
the Practice of Nursing, points out the dif- 
ferences in the two categories of nurses - 
baccalaureate and diploma - from the 
viewpoint of both education and functions 
of the nurse. 
It would be most helpful to those con- 
sidering a nursing career as well as to 
those concerned with education and nursing 
service throughout the country. 


JULY 1967 



news 


SRNA gives $5000 
To CNF 
Saskatoon - To commemorate its 50th 
anniversary, the Saskatchewan Registered 
Nurses' Association sent a $5,000 cheque to 
the Canadian Nurses' Foundation. 
This donation was voted by SRNA mem- 
bers at their 1966 annual meeting and the 
money was given to the Foundation in the 
name of Saskatchewan nurses early in this 
golden anniversary year. 
In her address at the Convention, Miss 
Vera Spencer, outgoing president, reminded 
the nurses that the CNF nevertheless needs 
their individual support and asked them to 
subscribe generously. 
The $5,000 will be used for nursing 
scholarships by the Foundation. 


Lethbridge Sister 
To Lead Alberta Nurses 
Edmomon. - Reverend Sister Ann 
Marie, director of nursing education at 
St. Michael's Hospital School of Nursing, 
Lethbridge, was elected President of the 
Alberta Association of Registered Nurses 
at their annual convention in Edmonton, 
May 16-19. Sister Ann Marie is the first 
nun ever to hold the president's position 
in the 5 I-year history of the Association. 
Miss Geneva Purcell, director of nursing, 
University Hospital, Edmonton; Miss Eileen 
Jameson, director of nursing education, Gen- 
eral Hospital, Calgary; and Mrs. Lillian 


.. 


Rutherford, senior nurse, Grande Prairie 
Health Unit, were elected vice-presidents of 
the 9,500-member organization. 
Sister Ann Marie is a graduate of 
the General Hospital School of Nur- 
sing, New Waterford, N.S., and re- 
ceived a Bachelor of Science in Nur- 


JULY 1967 


sing degree from. S1. Francis Xavier 
University, Antigonish, N.S. In 1964 she 
received a Master of Science degree from 
Boston University. She served with the 
Canadian Anny Medical Corps during 
World War II and entered the Congregation 
of the Sisters of St. Martha in 1952. She 
served as a vice-president of the AARN for 
two years prior to being elected to the top 
post. 


to dependents of present or former non- 
commissioned members of the RCAM CA 
(R), or of the CASF (Korea) who have 
served since 1950. 
The bursary is awarded to a dependent 
who bas achieved satisfactory scholastic 
standing in the entrance, first, second, or 
third year of a recognized Canadian univer- 
sity, teachers' college, school of nursing, or 
institute of technology course requiring a 
minimum' of 2400 hours of instruction. 
Further details may be obtained from the 
Secretary, RCAMC Bursary, Surgeon Gen- 
eral Staff, National Defence Headquarters, 
Ottawa 4, Ontario. 


RCAMC Bursary Announced 
Ottawa. - The Royal Canadian Army 
Medical Corps Fund announces an annual 
bursary of $300.00. The award will be given 


ONE-STEP PREP 



 


with 


,..- 


" 


FLEET ENEMA 
single dose 
disposable IInit 
FLEET ENEMA's fast prep time obsoletes soap and 
water procedures. The enema does not require warm- 
ing. It can be used at room temperature. It avoids the 
ordeal of injecting large quantities of fluid into the 
bowel, and the possibility of water intoxication. 
The patient should preferably be lying on the left side 
with the knees flexed, or in the knee-chest position. 
Once the protective cap has been removed, and the 
prelubricated anatomically correct rectal tube gently 
inserted, simple manual pressure on the container 
does the rest! Care should be taken to ensure that 
the contents of the bowel are completely expelled. Left 
ã 
 colon catharsis is normally achieved in two to five 
minutes, with little or no mucosal irritation, pain or 
spasm. If a patient is dehydrated or debilitated, 
hypertonic solutions such as FLEET ENEMA, must 
be administered with caution. Repeated use at short 
intervals is to be avoided. Do not administer to children 
under six months of age unless directed by a physician. 
And afterwards, no scrubbing, no sterilisation, no 
preparation for re-use. The complete FLEET ENEMA 
unit is simply discarded! 
Every special plastic "squeeze-bottle" contains 41f2 
fl. oz. of precisely formulated solution, so that the 
adult dose of 4 fl. oz. can be easily expelled. A patented 
diaphragm prevents leakage and reverse flow, as well 
as ensuring a comfortable rate of administration. 
Each J 00 ce. of FLEET ENEMA contains: 
Sodium biphosphote, . . .. .. . 16 gm. 
Sodium phosphate, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6 gm. 
For our brochure: "The Enema: Indicotions ond Techniques", 
containing full information, write to: Professional Service 
Deportment, Charles E. Frosst & Co., P.O. Box 247, 
Montreal 3, P.Q. 


,,-- ..- 


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GlRegistered trade mark. 



 a:&:i';::&ê: 
-0 MONnEAL CANADA 
FOUNDED IN CANADA IN,ug 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 17 



news 


Three-Day Education Workshop 
Held For PEl Instructors 
Charlottetown. - The Association of 
Nurses of Prince Edward Island recently 
sponsored a three-day workshop on nursing 
education for the faculties of all schools 
of nursing in the province. Miss Margaret 
Steed, nursing consultant in education, 
Canadian Nurses' Association, conducted 
the workshop sessions, which focused on 
curriculum planning and evaluation of stu- 
dents in clinical practice. 
The purpose of the workshop was to help 
instructors identify problem areas in curri- 
culum construction, course content, utiliza- 
tion of practice areas, and evaluation tech- 
niques. 
Forty-two nurses, most of them nursing 
instructors, attended the lecture-discussion 
program. 
Discu
ion leaders were Mrs. Beth Rob- 
inson, Prince Edward Island School of 
Nursing, Miss Stella Driscoll, Charlottetown 
Hospital School of Nursing, Mrs. Mary 
Murphy, Prince County Hospital School of 
Nursing, and Mrs. Marilyn Coady, River- 
side Hospital School for the Psychiatric 
Nursing Affiliate Program. 


Nursing Service Workshop 
Held on West Coast 
Vancouver. - Sixty-eight nurses from 
44 centers in Alberta and British Columbia 
attended the second Workshop for Directors 
and Assistant Directors of Nursing Service 
held in Vancouver May 2-5. 
Dr. Larry Moore, assistant professor, Fac- 
ulty of Commerce and Business Adminis- 
tration at the University of British Colum- 
bia, Miss Madge McKillop, assistant admin- 
istrator, nursing, at the University Hospital 
in Saskatoon, and M;
s Kathleen Dier, as- 
sistant professor of nursing at the Univer- 
sity of Saskatchewan, discussed current 
problems in nursing and Dr. Moore led 
group sessions on techniques of problem- 
solving. 
The four-day conference was the second 
of six regional conferences on nursing ser- 
vice sponsored by the Canadian Nurses' As- 
sociation. Four others will be held in Re- 
gina, Toronto, London, and Quebec City 
this fall. Miss Frances Howard, CNA con- 
sultant in nursing service, directs the work- 
shop sessions. 
"These programs permit self-development 
for a group often ignored in planning staff 
education. Inservice programs provide the 
means by which staff nurses can grow, but 
the director often has no one with whom 
she can share problems and learn how to 
face them," said Miss Howard. 


World Health Problems 


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highly developed nations 
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First Work Conference Scheduled 
For New School at Memorial 
University 
St. John's. - The first work conference 
to be held in the new school of nursing at 
Memorial University of Newfoundland is 
scheduled for July 3-14, 1967. The con- 
ference, cosponsored by the Association 
of Registered Nurses of Newfoundland and 
the university, is designed for teachers of 
nursing, and participants will include teach- 
ers in the diploma and nursing assistants' 
programs as well as inservice education 
coordinators. 
Director of the conference is Dr. Alice 
Rines. professor of nursing, Teachers Col- 
lege, Columbia University, New York. Dr. 
Rines, a Canadian, is currently helping 
prepare teachers of nursing at the master's 
level. 
The program will cover a range of topics 
from the general to the particular. Dr. 
Rines will begin the conference with a 
consideration of a "Philosophy of Nursing 
and Nursing Education." Topics to be dis- 
cussed throughout the remainder of the 
conference will be of practical value to 
teachers and will deal with subjects such 
as selection and organization of content, 
methods of teaching, and use of the labor- 
atory in nursing. 
Those who attend all sessions will be 
granted certificates of attendance. 


developing nations 


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 infectious and parasitic diseases 
.. cancer 
. diseases of the heart and blood vessels 
. ulcer, appendicitis and g.i. disease 



 birth injuries, neonatal and infant diseases 
1 old age 
Q violent death. includin g accidents, suicide 
.:. 


18 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


-= all other causes 


graphs: WHO 


JULY 1967 



news 


Special Children's Unit 
Successful; New Unit Opens 
Dartmouth. N.S. - At the beginning of 
April, a second children's unit was estab- 
lished at the Nova Scotia Hospital in Dart- 
mouth. The second ward is in the main 
portion of the hospitlll and admits children 
unsuitable for care in MacKay House, the 
hospital's special homelike unit. The estab- 
lishment of the second unit means that it is 
no longer necessary to house children in the 
adult sections of the hospital. 
MacKay House, a 22-bed treatment unit, 
opened in November 1965. There, doctors 
treat children between the ages of five and 
twelve who suffer from severe emotional 
and behavioral problems as well as cer- 
tain types of mental illness. The treatment 
program includes individual psychotherapy, 
the use of drugs where indicated, group 
sessions, group games both inside and out- 
side the hospital, individual and group 
counseling for parents. and close liason 
with community and welfare agencies. 
The hospital has tried to maintain an 
atmosphere as close to average home life 
as possible. This has been achieved through 
the homelike appearance of MacKay House 
(which originally had been the home of the 
hospital supervisor), inclusion of many com- 
munity social activities such as cubs or 
guides, attendance at city schools, and 
swimming, skating, and shopping trips. All 
meals are prepared in MacKay House rather 
than in the hospital central kitchen, and 
children eat in family-like groups with the 
child care workers who look after them. 
The new ward will provide for examina- 
tion and treatment of children who have 
brain damage or who are $uffering from 
epilepsy. These children will receive a dif- 
ferent type of care and management, but 
will still have care in residential treatment 
units. 
Personnel for the residential wards are 
selected according to innate personality 
traits rather than training background. The 
child care workers have a variety of ex- 
perience in group activities, such as "Y" 
work, scouts and guides. They must have 
a sensitivity for the needs of disturbed chil- 
dren and sufficient maturity to cope with 
the work. A minimum grade 12 education 
is required. 
Consultants in child psychiatry, pediatrics, 
occupational therapy, teaching, group case 
work, psychology and nursing work with 
the child care workers. 


Staff Nurses Discuss 
Work Setting 
Montreal. - The importance of the role 
of the staff nurse and her responsibility for 
better patient care were stressed in a work- 


IULY 1967 


WORKSHOPS FOR 


DIRECTORS AND 


Ð 

 


ASSIST ANT DIRECTORS 


Four more regional workshops for directors or assistant directors of nursing service in hos- 
pitals will be conducted in 1967. The topic: Improvement of Nursing Service in Hospitals 
Through the Problem-Solving Method. 
The workshops aim at stimulating directors and assistant directors of nursing service to use 
the problem-solving approach in the administration of nursing services. Key speakers will 
discuss techniques of problem-solving. Major problems in nursing services in Canada will be 
discussed. Through group work and case study methods skills in problem-solving will be 
developed. 


Region 
Ontario 
Mid-West 
Ontario 
Quebec 


City 
Toronto 
Regina 
London 
Quebec City 


Date 
October 17-20. 1967 
October 24-27. 1967 
November 7-10. 1967 
Nov. 28-Dec. I, 1967 


The wornhop to be held in Quebec city will be conducted in the French language only. 
English language nurses in the province of Quebec are invited to attend one of the work- 
shops held in Ontario. French language nurses in New Brunswick are invited to attend the 
workshop in Quebec city. 
The workshops are open to directors or assistant directors of nursing service in hospitals. 
Registration is limited to 60 persons. The registration fee is $50.00. Because of the nature 
of the workshop only full-time registrants can be accepted. 


Here is an opportunity for directors and assistant directors of nursing service: 
. to sharpen skills in problem-solving within a 
"training laboratory" environment; 
. to learn how problem-solving can be facilitated through group work; 
. to stimulate orderly thinking toward the improvement of 
nursing service; 
. to identify the leadership role of the director of nursing service 
and/or assistant director of nursing service in problem-solving and 
decision making. 


Interested! then plan now to attend the workshop in your area. Register early and avoid 
disoppointment. 


I wish to register for the CNA Regional Workshop for Directors or 
Assistant Directors of Nursing Service in Hospitals held in : 


D Toronto 
D Regina 


D London 
D Quebec City 


Name 


Title of Position . 


Years in Position .. 


Name of Hospital 


Number of Beds 


City or Town . 


Qualifications beyond RN 
I enclose postal note (bank money order) for $. 
payable to the Canadian Nurses' Association. 


MAIL TO: 


CANADIAN NURSES' ASSOCIATION 
50 The Driveway 
Ottawa 4, Ontario 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 19 



news 


shop held by the English Chapter, District 
XI of the Association of Nurses of the 
Province of Quebec. Sessions were held on 
May 15th, 1967 and repeated on May 16th. 
The workshop was particularly geared for 
staff nurses, assistant head nurses, and 
nursing instructors. 
The title, "This Place Called Work," re- 
flected the theme. The groups attempted to 
identify some of the environmental factors 
that either inhibit or enhance effective 
nursing. 
Following the opening presentation by 
Miss Joan Gilchrist, assistant professor of 
nursing, McGill University, the group di- 
vided into smaller units for discussion. A 
panel of nursing experts then examined the 
findings of the group and emphasized 
certain main factors. Mrs. Anita CabeIIi, 
director of nursing at Maimonides Hospital 
and Home for the Aged, spoke on human 
resources and their implications for nursing. 
Material resources and their effect on nurs- 
ing care was the subject of Mr. Samuel 
Cohen, executive director of the Jewish 
General Hospital, Montreal. Communica- 
tion was discussed by Miss Lorine Besel, 
supervisor of nursing at the Allan Memor- 
ial Institute. Mrs. Elva Armstrong, head 
nurse at the Montreal Children's Hospital 
talked about cooperation. 


School of Nursing Librarians 
Meet in Toronto 
Toronto. - School of nursing librarians 
from the Toronto area held a special sem- 
inar on Library resources and tools on 
May 17th. The group, almost all of whom 
are non-professional librarians, is the same 
one that initiated the library workshops in 
the Spring of 1966. The Registered Nurses' 
Association of Ontario provided space and 
secretarial services for the group. 
Miss Margaret Parkin, librarian for the 
Canadian Nurses' Association, was guest 
speaker for the morning session. She dis- 
cussed resources of the CNA Library, ac- 
quisition of government documents, library 
reference tools, and compilation of bibli- 
ographies. Miss Mabel Brown, librarian, 
school of nursing at the Civic Hospital, 
Ottawa, and Miss Marilynne Sequin, libra- 
rian. school of nursing, St. Michael's Hos- 
pital, Toronto discussed library orientation 
and audiovisual aids in the afternoon. 
"The discussion periods were vigorous 
and interesting, and revealed how much 
such seminars are needed," said Miss Par- 
kin. "It was a pleasure to work with such 
an enthusiastic and keenly interested group." 


One-day Conference at Sarnia 
Sarnia, Onto - On April 26th, 1967, 
obstetrical staff of the Sarnia General Hos- 


20 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Overhead Projector Demonstrated 



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Nurse educators at the RNAO annual meeting April 27-29 had an oppor- 
tunity to view a relatively new type of teaching aid, the "overhead projector," 
courtesy of the J. B. Lippincott Company of Canada. Sister Mary Felicitas, 
president of the Canadian Nurses' Association, and Miss M. Catherine Farah, 
assistant coordinator of inservice education at St. Michael's Hospital, To- 
ronto, watch with interest as Mr. B. Lippincott shows them how overhead 
projection of transparencies can be used to reinforce lectures. Both the 
transparencies and projectors are available from the Lippincott Company. 


pital held a one-day conference. Purposes 
of the meeting were to promote job satis- 
faction; to add to the nurse's basic knowl- 
edge; to improve patient care; and to en- 
courage self-development. 
Members of the medical staff gave lec- 
tures on hypnosis and its place in obstet- 
rics, jaundice in the newborn, recent de- 
velopments in obstetrics, and postpartum 
psychoses. 
All obstetrical staff attended. As well, 
a general invitation was issued to all nurs- 
ing departments within the hospital, the 
Department of Public Health, Victorian 
Order of Nurses, and the Children's Aid 
Society. Sixty persons attended. 


Male Nurses Admitted to 
University of Montreal 
Montreal. - Graduate male nurses - 
although not recognized in the provincial 
Nurses' Act and who at present cannot be 
members of the Association of Nurses of 
the Province of Quebec - will nevertheless 


be admitted to the bacaIaureate degree 
course at the University of Montreal. 
Denying an announcement in the Quebec 
paper Le Soleil, which stated admission 
would be refused, Miss Alice Girard, dean 
of the nursing faculty, said "We hope that 
the Nurses' Act will be amended this year 
to permit these male nurses who will have 
a bachelor's degree to practice legally." 


Hospital Pharmacy Keeps 
Drug Information Up-to-date 
Regina. - A quick and efficient method 
by which staff can obtain information on 
drugs has been developed by the pharmacy 
department of the Regina Grey Nuns' Hos- 
pital. The Drug Information Centre pro- 
vides a service which ensures that detailed, 
accurate, and up-ta-date drug information is 
readily available to the medical and nursing 
professions in the hospital. 
Information is filed under the coding sys- 
tem of the American Hospital Formulary 
with a separate folder for each drug. Both 
JULY 1967 



Colored charts of the 
female reproductive system... 
free 


Ao
 


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TlR "'''' 
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STANDING 


FEMALE PELVIC ORGANS 
1:.___.' !Iot"'O'\_ T_... 1...._...., ...... 'V.,. MY 


We would like to send you a set of anatomical 
drawings of the female reproductive system. They 
include illustrations of the changes that occur 
during the menstrual cycle. These classic draw- 
ings in color by R. L. Dickinson, M.D., are lami- 
nated in plastic for permanent use as an aid in 
explaining pelvic anatomy to patients; suitable for 
grease-pencil use and erasure. 
And to help you in your instruction, we offer 
two booklets: one with answers to questions young 
girls may, or would like to ask, and the other, for 
older girls, explaining menstruation and its place 
in a woman's life. 
If you will fill out the coupon, we will be happy 
to provide you, free, with a set of the anatomical 
charts, professional samples of Tampax tampons 
and sample copies of the booklets for your evalua- 
tion. You may then order as many free booklets 
as you need. 
Tampax tampons help reduce the aversion that 
many girls and women feel toward menstruation. 
Users experience none of the irritation and chaf- 


PfiE .. II.L POSTMI!:N5TlllUo\L 
t ' 11;1 i 
.
 ( '" '"0" . : ' 
I:RU ' A 
I , . 
". 
 
' 


A.
 


FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS 
[..,.,--.1 o.e-I_I. T_... I___"t.d. ....'Y... HV 


ing often caused by a perineal pad. Tampax 
tampons virtually abolish menstrual odor, a 
source of embarrassment for many women. And 
they are hygienic-easy to insert, to wear, and to 
dispose of-so that your patients will feel cool, 
clean and fresh when they wear this menstrual 
protection. 
Tampax tampons are available in Junior, Reg- 
ular, and Super absorbencies. Explicit directions 
for insertion are enclosed in each package. 


TAM PAX 
.tamponJ 
SANIT ARY PROTECTION WORN INTERNALLY 
MADE ONLY BY CANADIAN T AMPAX CORPORA TION LTD., BARRIE, ONTARIO. 


ï-----------------------, 
I Canadian Tampax Corporation Limited, I 
I P.O. Box 627, Barrie, On!. I 
I Please send free a set of the Dickinson charts, copies of the I 
I two booklets, a postcard for easy reordering and samples of I 
I Tampax tampons. I 
I Name I 
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L_______________________
 



news 


generic and brand names of the drug are 
indexed so that the information can be re- 
trieved with a minimum of delay. The file 
contains package inserts, new product in- 
formation forms, manufacturers' notices and 
reprints, and a bibliography of all articles 
available in the medical library that per- 
tain to that particular drug. 
A Pharmacy Newsletter is published 
every two months and distributed to the 
nursing staff. It features different phases of 


drug therapy and information on the re- 
lease of new pharmaceuticals. 


School of Nursing Gets 
National Health Grant 
Ottawa. - The School of Nursing at the 
University of New Brunswick is the first 
project in that province to receive a con- 
tribution from the federal government's 
Health Resources Fund. National Health 
and Welfare Minister, Allan J. MacEachen, 
announced that $999,127 will go toward the 
cost of constructing and equipping the new 
building for nurses. 
Construction on the three-story build- 


at 


your 
fingertips. . . 


secure 
umbilical cord 
ligation 


"' 


When it's time to ligate the umbilical cord, a Hollister 
Double_GripTM Cord-Clamp should be within reach. Its 
contoured finger-grips and wide jaw angle make one- 
hand applIcation easy. 


Hollister's Cord-Clamp has other benefits too: a hinge 
guard to keep even a large cord within the sealing area; 
firm-holding Double-Grip jaws to prevent slipping; a 
constant, even pressure to eliminate the dangers of seep- 
age; and no need for belly bands or dressings. The clamp 
has a permanent, blind closure. When it's ready for re- 
moval-usually after 24 hours-the clamp is simply cut 
through at the hinge. Hollister provides the clipper. 


This disposable, lightweight Hollister Cord-Clamp may 
be autoclaved, or it can be purchased in individual pre- 
sterilized packets. Write for samples and literature, on 
hospital or professional letterhead, please. 
M HOLLISTER 
II IN CANADA: 160 BAY ST.. TDRDNTD I. DNT. . 211 E CHICAGD AVE. CHICAGD ILL 60&11 


22 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


ing started in May, 1966. Completion date 
is set for March 31, 1968. 
The new facilities will permit a student 
enrolment during 1968-1971 of 617 nursing 
students. Ninety students will be admitted 
to the first year in 1968. and by 1971 the 
school will provide for admission of 115 
students to the first year nursing program. 
As well as increasing the student enrol- 
ment, the new building will provide for 
expansion in types of programs offered, and 
possibly for postgraduate teaching programs. 


Health and Welfare Publications 
Received PR Awards 
Ottawa. - Four booklets produced by 
the Department of National Health and 
Welfare have been selected for "awards of 
excellence" by the Canadian Public Rela- 
tions Society. They are: Canadian Mother 
and Child: Drugs - Handle With Care; 
Food, Drug, Cosmetic Protection for Call- 
adians; and Vellereal Disease - What You 
Should Know. 
The publications were selected under the 
Society's annual "PR in Print" program, 
and were announced at the Society's Annual 
Conference held in Quebec City. 
Copies of all four booklets are available 
from provincial departments of health. 


Cost of Hospital Services 
Triples in Past 8 Years 
Montreal. - Cost of hospital services 
paid by hospital insurance has tripled in 
eight years, Allan MacEachen, Minister of 
National Health and Welfare, told delegates 
in his address at the opening of the annual 
meeting of the Canadian Hospital Associa- 
tion in early May. Services that cost $21.23 
in 1958, cost $54.02 in 1966, and will very 
likely reach $62.98 in 1967. 
The minister states that this increase is 
brought about by several factors. partic- 
ularly increase of salaries, changes in the 
quantity and/or quality of service, scope of 
programs, and varying levels of efficiency. 
He remarked that it has become necessary 
to utilize every means possible to lower 
costs. He added that noticeable long-term im- 
provement in the hospital efficiency le- 
quires applied research at all levels. 


Conference on 
Adolescent Psychiatry 
Montreal. - The first conference on 
adolescent psychiatry was held at Douglas 
Hospital on Tuesday, June 20. More than 
200 psychiatrists, psychologists, and welfare 
officials from centers throughout the United 
States and Canada attended. 
Dr. R. L. Jenkins, professor of child psy- 
chiatry, University of Iowa, gave the open- 
ing address. 
He spoke on "Major Reaction Types in 
Adolescents." 
Other speakers dealt with various aspects 
of adolescent problems in psychiatry. 


JULY 1967 



Opiates, radiation therapy, 
.oral contraceptives, motion, 
ver · 
 0, anesthesia and 
ant lotic. . . 


, 


- 


\ 
\ 


/ 


there are so many reasons to remember 
Gravol 


Gravol (dimenhydrinate) available as: Gravol Tablets, 50 mg.; Gravol Capsules, 25 mg., for Immediate 
release. 50 mg., In sustained release form; Gravol Suppositories, 100 mg.; Gravol Paediatric Sup. 
posltorles, 50 mg.; Gravol Liquid, 45 mg., per tablespoonful; Gravol Ampoules (5 cc.) 10 mg. per cc.; 
Gravol Vial (30 cc.) 10 mg. per cc.; Gravoil/m (5 cc.) 110 mg. per cc. Full Information available on request, 
FRANK W. HORNER LIMITED. MONTREAL, CANADA 


JULY 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 23 



names 



 
, ., 


..
 . 

-- 


. 
-I 
--
 



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.. 


" 
, 
" 


.. 


. 


Marjorie G. Russell, well known to Canadian nurses as matron-in-chief of 
the nursing services, RCN, during World War II, as a former director of 
Nursing at the Phillips School of Nursing, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 
Montreal, and as nursing consultant with the federal government's De- 
partment of Veterans Affairs, was awarded an Honorary Membership in 
RNAO at the Association's anual meeting in April. Here, Miss Elsbeth 
Geiger, past president of the Association, congratulates Miss Russell. In 
conferring the Honorary Membership, executive director Laura W. Barr 
spoke of Miss Russell's considerable contribution to both the nati:mal and 
provincial nursing associations. In summarizing she said, "We are all 
grateful to Marjorie Russell. We have been intensely proud of her for 
many years past. We have admired her for doing so much, so well, in 
so many fields." 


Margaret Brown Harty, Ed.D., has been 
appointed director, Division of Nursing, 
Education, National League for Nursing, 
New York. She assumes her new position 
in August. 
A graduate of St. Luke's Hospital School 
of Nursing in New Bedford, Mass., Dr. 
Harty received her bachelor's degree in nurs- 
ing from San Francisco State College, her 
mater's in education from the University of 
San Francisco, and her doctorate from the 
University of California at Berkeley. 
Dr. Harty currently is chairman, Division 
of Nursing and Health Services, Chabot 
College, Hayward, California. She is also 
the elected president of the California 
League for Nursing and chairman of the 
Western Regional Council of State Leagues 
for Nursing. In her new position with the 
League, she will direct the agency's overall 
program to improve nursing education 
through national accreditation, consultation, 
research, publications, and other services. 


24 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


An award for Distinguished Achieve- 
ment in Nursing Education was presented 
posthumously to Katherine E, MacLaggan, 
May 10 in New York City. The award was 
one of six presented for distinguished 
achievement in nursing by the Nursing 
Education Alumni Association of the Divi- 
sion of Nursing Education of Teachers 
College, Columbia University. The awards 
were made during the biennial convention 
of the National League for Nursing. 
President of the Association, Lucy D. 
Germain, described the late president of the 
Canadian Nurses' Association as a "capable, 
humanistic practitioner of nursing, superb 
teacher, able administrator, understanding 
counselor, and gentlewoman of great integ- 
rity, courage, and strength of purpose. Her 
brilliant dissertation, Portrait of Nursing: 
A Plan for the Education of Nurses in the 
Province of New Brunswick, has already 
provided a goal for educators in her native 
Canada," said the president. 


On June 1, 1967, 
Alice C. Mills as- 
sumed her duties as 
executive secretary- 

 treasurer of the Sas- 
katchewan Registered 
Nurses' Association. 

 ..... Her appointment was 
. .. incorrectly reported in 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 
in the June, 1967, issue. 
Miss Mills, a graduate of the school of 
nursing of Wellesley Hospital, Toronto, 
also attended the Margaret Hague Maternity 
Hospital where she studied obstetrical nurs- 
ing for one year. Following this she ob- 
tained her bachelor of nursing degree from 
McGill. In 1958 she went to England where 
she became certified as a state midwife. 
Prior to her appointment with the SRNA, 
Miss Mills was regional nursing supervisor 
with the Saskatchewan Department of Pub- 
lic Health in Prince Albert. 


Sister Marguerite Letourneau, director of 
nursing education at Holy Cross Hospital 
School of Nursing, Calgary, Alberta is pres- 
ently on a four-month leave of absence to 
prepare a brief to be submitted to the 
University of Calgary. The preparation of 
a brief to demonstrate the need for a degree 
program on the Calgary campus, was ap- 
proved by the Alberta Association of Re- 
gistered Nurses' Provincial CO:Incil. Sister 
Letourneau was approached to undertake 
the project because of her interest and abi- 
lity both in nursing education and in con- 
ducting studies. 
A graduate of St. Paul's Hospital School 
of Nursing, Saskatoon, Sister also holds her 
bachelor of science in nursing degree from 
the Institute Marguerite d'Y ouville, Mon- 
treal, and her master of science in nursing 
degree from the Catholic University of 
America, Washington, D.C. 
Her experience included duty as medical 
and night supervisor at Holy Cross Hospital 
before she undertook the position of dir- 
ector of nursing education in 1963. 
Her active membership in several provin- 
cial organizations made her well-qualified 
for her present assignment with the AARN. 
In 1965-66 Sister Letourneau was chairman 
of the AARN Nursing Education Commit- 
tee, and she is presently a member of the 
Nursing Recruitment Advisory Committee, 
Board of Examiners Committee, and active 
in a number of subcommittees. 
Acting director in Sister Letourneau's 
absence is Sister Alice Romanchuk. 


JULY 1967 



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t I . 

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Alice M. Girard, president of the International Council of Nurses, was awarded 
the Florence Nightingale Medal for 1967 this past May She is s,een here with 
Mr. Samuel A. Gonard, President of the International Committee of the Red 
Cross. 


Alice M. Girard, president of the Inter- 
national Council of Nurses, was presented 
with the Florence Nightingale Medal at 
the annual meeting of Central Council of 
the Canadian Red Cross Society in Mon- 
treal. Miss Girard, from Montreal, is Dean 
of the Faculty of Nursing, University of 
Montreal. She is the tenth Canadian nurse 
to receive this medal, the only international 
award for nursing, since it was established 
in 1912. The presentation was made by Mr. 
Samuel A. Gonard, president of the Inter- 
nationa1 Committee of the Red Cross. 
Miss Girard was born in Waterbury, 
Connecticut, of a family of French-Cana- 
dian origin. A graduate of the school of 
nursing at St. Vincent de Paul Hospital in 
Sherbrooke, Quebec, she has in turn re- 
ceived: a public health certificate from the 
University of Toronto; a bachelor of 
science degree from Catholic University of 
Washington, D.C.. a master's degree in 
nursing education from Columbia Univer- 
sity, New York; a Kellogg Foundation Fel- 
lowship in hospital administration at Johns 


Hopkins University, Baltimore, and a social- 
science degree at the University of Mon- 
treal, where she was also director of the 
School for Public Health Nurses. 
She helped to establish the University of 
Montreal's faculty of nursing in 1962 and 
is presently the first woman ever to hold 
the position of dean at that university. 
Her experience since her graduation from 
St. Vincent de Paul Hospital has been var- 
ied and extensive. She was director of 
nursing and assistant administrator at Hô- 
pital Saint-Luc in Montreal; president of 
the Canadian Nurses' Association in 1958; 
president of the Nursing Education Com- 
mittee, International Council of Catholic 
Nurses; and. in 1961. was appointed the 
only woman member on the Royal Com- 
mission of Health Services in Canada. 
Miss Girard is a member of several in- 
ternational organizations, including the 
Committee for Acute Patient Care with 
International Hospital Federation and the 
World Health Organization Expert Advisory 
Panel on Nursing. 


Howard W a I t e r 
Dale, a native of 
Bowmanville, Onta- 
rio, has been appoint- 
ed employment re- 
lations consultant for 
the Manitoba Associ- 
ation of Registered 
. Nurses. Prior to this 
appointment, Mr. Dale 
was claims inspector of the Workmans 
Compensation Board He also has held 
positions as manager and sales representa- 
tive with various companies in the provinces 
of Ontario and Manitoba. 


JULY 1967 


Aline M. Dionne 
has been appointed 
educational consultant 
for Canada for the 
Canadian Tampax 
Corporation. Miss 
Dionne, a native of 
Amqui, Quebec, re- 
ceived her nursing 
education at Hôpital 
Notre Dame, in Montreal. Following grad- 
uation she received her diploma in public 
health from the school of nursing at the 
University of Montreal. 
For the past eight years, Miss Dionne 


-- 




 


has worked as a public health nurse for 
the City of Montreal. She served for a 
number of years as president of the Public 
Health Nursing Alumnae for the University 
of Montreal. She will be spending a great 
deal of her time traveling, as she will 
attend nursing conventions and visit nurs- 
ing associations and schools all across Can- 
ada. She speaks four languages fluently, and 
has lectured on menstrual health in three 
languages - English, French, and Spanish. 
"I also speak Italian, but so far, have not 
had occasion to use it for lectures in this 
country," she says. 


At present. Cassy Harker must travel by 
car to complete the rounds of her hospital. 
As group matron of the Darlington Group 
District General Hospital, Miss Harker is 
in charge of five separate hospitals, some 
as far as 15 miles apart. These five hospitals, 
and a sixth for maternity, combine to form 
one complete unit. Plans are now under- 
way to change all this, however. A new 
hospital that will contain all services is now 
under construction and Miss Harker has 
been touring hospitals in the United States 
and Canada to get "a fresh and broad out- 
look on nursing administration and a gen- 
eral opinion of nursing in North America." 
In March, 1967, she started in New York 
and visited hospitals in Baltimore, Wash- 
ington, Detroit, Rochester, and St. Paul. 
In May she was off to Banff (and the 
snow) for a rest. During her Canadian 
tour, she visited hospitals in Winnipeg, 
Hamilton, and Toronto. She found that the 
Scarborough Centenary Hospital, now under 
construction, is experiencing many of the 
same problems that she is facing at home. 
While visiting CNA House, May 30th, 
she explained that in Britain a reorgani- 
zation of senior nursing staff structure is 
being planned and will be along the lines 
that are now followed here in Canada. "It 
is interesting to see some of our plans 
already put into practice," said Miss Harker. 
"I thought it would be Utopia when edu- 
cation and service were divorced. Now I see 
problems and difficulties I hadn't seen 
before." She specified "communications." 
Miss Harker has been especially impres- 
sed by the orientation and inservice edu- 
cation given by many Canadian hospitals. 
However, she said that hospitals are almost 
forced to provide such programs since the 
nurse has so little practice when she comes 
to hospital for the first time. "We use 
our nurses more during their training but 
are working toward a system similar to 
yours," she said. 
Miss Harker is doing her study through 
a Commonwealth Scholarship and will pre- 
sent any findings to the General Nursing 
Council in England before any of her ideas 
can be implemented. "Most people in Eng- 
land agree that changes in the education 
system are necessary, but of course there 
are financial implications." 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 25 



new products 


{ 


Descriptions are based on information 
supplied by the manufacturer and are 
provided only aø a service to readers. 


Anprolene Sterilizer 
(BARD) 
Description - This new sterilizer em- 
ploys an exclusive method of sterilizing that 
works without heat, moisture, vacuum, pres- 
sure, or cold solutions. It eliminates the 
problems associated with conventional ster- 
ilizing techniques such as product degrada- 
tion, destruction, or alteration. It is a fully 
tested and approved system. The systems 
utilize the highly effective Anprolene gas. 
The Bard Anprolene Sterilizer is com- 
pletely portable, requires no power source 
or gas tanks, and can be easily moved from 
room to room. (Patent Pending U.S.A. and 
Foreign Countries). For further informa- 
tion, write Dept. 41, C. R. Bard, Inc., 
Murray Hill, N.J. 


\ 


\.. 


Prevam 
(ARLINGTON-FUNK LABORATORIES) 
Description - A bioflavonoid-vitamin- 
mineral supplement for prenatal use. Each 
prevam formula tablet provides: vitamins 
in abundant amounts to meet the increased 
needs of pregnancy and lactation; minerals, 
including a superior form of iron, phosphor- 
us-free calcium, and trace minerals so im- 
portant in vital processes; and bioflavonoids 
to help to prevent or reduce bleeding ten- 
dency due to increased capillary permeabil- 
ity and fragility. 
Dosage - One tablet a day as prenatal 
supplement. 


Vi-Syneral 
(ARLINGTON.FUNK LABORATORIES) 
Description - Vi-Syneral Chewable Vit- 
amin Tablets are fruit-flavored, multi-vit- 
amin tablets for pediatric and general use. 
They are easily chewed or dissolved in the 
mouth, do not disturb appetite, and cause 
no harmful effects on teeth. 
Dosage - One chewable tablet daily 
between meals or as directed by a physician. 
Each tablet contains vitamin A, vitamin D, 
ascorbic acid (C), thiamine mononitrate 


26 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


(Bl), riboflavin (B2), pyridoxine HCI (B6), 
vitamin B12, niacinamide, calcium d-panto- 
thenate. 
For information on either of these pro- 
ducts write to Arlington-Funk Laboratories, 
P.O. Box 2220, St. Laurent, Montreal 9, 
P.Q. 


" 


. 


r. 


f' 


. 


San-Splint 
(SMITH AND NEPHEW) 
Description - A non-shrinking, thermo- 
plastic splinting material based on a ver- 
satile synthetic rubber compound. It pro- 
duces relatively thin, yet rigid, splints or 
casts following immersion in hot water or 
by exposure to hot air or dry heat. 
Indications - Ideal for orthopedic, or- 
thotic, and prosthetic use. San-Splint is 
translucent to x-rays. 
Method of Application - Either hot 
water or hot air oven at temperatures in 
excess of I50'F. will soften San-Splint for 
application. In both cases, the higher the 
temperature the quicker the material will 
soften and the more malleable it will be- 
come. After the softening process, the ma- 
terial may be too hot for immediate ap- 
plication to the skin and must be allowed 
to cool. After cooling, it is ready for direct 
forming onto the patient, who needs no 
protective covering. After trimming with 
scissors, the splint or cast should be held 
in position until the material has set. 
Average hardening time for San-Splint at 
room temperature is about 10 minutes. 
For complete information or description 
(with pictures), uses, and method of ap- 
plication write to: The Medical Division, 
Smith and Nephew Ltd., 2100-52nd Ave., 
Lachine, P.Q. 


Palm-N-Turn 
(REFLEX) 
Description - A container for medicine 
that can easily be opened by an adult, but 
seldom by a child five years or under - 
the ages most frequently victims of ac- 


cidental poisoning. The new "patm-n-turn" 
prescription vial is available in various 
sizes. To open: Press cap into palm to 
compress spring and turn vial counter- 
clockwise to a full stop. The cap is now 
released and can be picked off. To close: 
Replace cap and rotate until it is locked 
into position on the vial. The cap must 
snap or click into locked position to be 
effective. 
Through extensive testing with pre-school 
children the palm-n-turn cap has proved to 
be a successful deterrent. This is because 
few children of this age can perform the 
two motions, palming and turning, necessary 
to open the new safety closure. It has the 
seal of approval of the Ontario Association 
for the Control of Accidental Poisoning. 


All-Fabric Heel Protector 
(POSEY) 
Description - A new type heel protector 
for hospital patients, especially styled for 
the short-term patient where all-fabric 
instead of slick plastic construction is con- 
sidered adequate. Like all other Posey Heel 
Protectors, this new item is constructed to 
protect the heel of the foot during short or 
long-term care. Designed for comfort, it 
prevents irritation caused by rubbing, yet 
does not restrict patient movement in bed. 
It is easily laundered and autoclaved. 
Inquiries or orders regarding this item 
should be directed to your local equipment 
dealer, or the J. T. Posey Company, 64 
Gerrard St. E., Toronto 2, Ont. 


Literature Available 
Canadian Tampax Corporation has pre- 
pared a new 28-page informational booklet 
on menstrual hygiene that would be most 
useful for nurses. The booklet, From Fic- 
tion to Fact, was prepared especially to 
help teachers in response to their requests 
for a workable teaching guide. 
A comprehensive review of anatomy is 
presented in a manner that would be useful 
for presentation to groups of adolescents, 
and an excellent, clear and simple overview 
of the physiology of the menstrual cycle is 
provided, as well as answers to many of 
the questions girls 2.sk about menstrual 
health. 
The booklet is included in a kit of educa- 
tional material on menstruation, which 
would be a valuable aid for nursing in- 
structors, or may be ordered on its own. 
Write to Canadian Tampax Corporation 
Ltd., P.O. Box 627, Barrie, Ont. 
JULY 1967 



some nurses call it the P APER TAPE 
physicians call it the NON-IRRITATING TAPE 
patients call it the COMFORTABLE TAPE 


\ 


MICROPORE Surgical Tape 
The only microporous tape. 


Nurses find it ideal for routine dressing and bandaging. Its 
unique microporous construction permits unequalled evap- 
oration of perspiration. Maceration is prevented and dress- 
ings do not sweat off. MICROPORE Tape is so thin, airy, 
lightweight it looks and feels paper thin. It unwinds freely, 
doesn't tangle, tears off easily. And with MICROPORE 
Tape, valuable time is not lost from daily rounds because 
of messy adhesive residue to clean up after removal, or tape 
burn to be treated. 
Physicians appreciate the notable freedom from skin sensi- 
tization and irritation even in tape-sensitive patients. Total 
microporosity permits underlying skin to function in a nor- 
mal manner. Unlike other adhesive tapes, MICROPORE 
Surgical Tape is X-ray clear. 


.. 


" 


" 


--- 


Your patients ar
 more comfortable with lighter, cooler, 
less bulky dressings. Their convalescence is not complicated 
by distressing skin reactions. And there is no apprehension 
at the prospect of "inching off" or sudden "shock removal." 
MICROPORE Tape peels off painlessly without pulling 
hairs. 
No other tape has been reported in the literature so exten- 
sively or so favorably. (1) Depaulis, J.: La Presse M
dicale 72:841, 
1964. (2) Golden, T.: Am. J. Surl!. 100:789, 1960. (3) Hu, F., et a\.: J. 
Invest. Dermat. 37:409, 1961. (4) Weisman, P. A.: Brit. J. Plastic Surl!. 
16:379, 1963. (5) Valentin.: Gazette M
d. de France 71:1430, 1964. (6) 
Murray, P. J. B.: Brit. Med. J. 2:1030, Oct. 26, 1963. 


3M Medical Products, P.O. Box 2757, London, Canada. 
or leading Surgical Suppliers in your area. 


medical Products 3m 
P.O. 2757 LONDON. CANADA 


JULY 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 27 



FOR PATIENT 
PROTECTION 



-! 
'" 


& 


\ 


-...... 


0( 


l 


POSEY TIDY GOWN 


A long-sleeved gown made of heavy canton 
flannel. Loops at ends of sleeves permit at- 
tachment to side rail of bed spring. Prevents 
patient from scratching, or removing diaper, 
catheter J etc., vet allows comfort and free. 
dom or movement. During eating, sleeves 
may be rolled up to allow for use of hands. 
A sl ing anached fa front section of garment 
may be used to support patient's arms when 
fhey are folded across fhe front, with straps 
anached fa loops in each sleeve to prevent 
use of arrns. Short-length, waist design for 
ule on incontinent patients. Available in 
closed or open-back models. Small. medium. 
large or extra-large lizel. 
NO. P.7S5, $19.50. 


" 
... 



 



 .. 


POSEY WHEELCHAIR 
VEST RESTRAINT 


A simple and comfortable device to hold 
patient in a wheelchair. Friction type buckle 
at rear of chair is out of patient'. reach. 
Small, medium and large sizes. 
WHEELCHAIR VEST RESTRAINT, 
CANTON flANNel, 
NO. WV-1I1F, $7.20 
WHEelCHAIR VEST RESTRAINT, 
ATTRACTIVE PASTel NYLON, 
NO. WV-1I1N, $7.50 


Send Your Order Today 
Write for free Posey Catalog 


POSEY PRODUCTS 
Stocked in Canada 


B. C. HOLLINGSHEAD LIMITED 


64 Gerrard Street E, 
Toronto 2, Canada 


28 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


dates 


August 14-18, 1967 
The American Dietetic Association's 
Fiftieth Anniversary Meeting, 
Conrad Hilton Hotel, Chicago. 


August 20 - September 14, 1967 
17th International Course in 
Criminology. Sponsored by 
International Society of Criminology, 
Montreal. Information: Prof. Denis 
Szabo, Director, Dept. of Criminology, 
Univ. of Mont., P.O. Box 6128, 
Montreal 


August 18-20, 1967 
Reunion of graduate nurses of 
St. Vincent de Paul Hospital, 
Brockville Ontario. Contact: Mrs. 
Mary O'Neil Shields, 14 Hollywood 
Place, Brockville, or Mrs. Kay leFave, 
54 Wright Cres., Brockville. 


August 20-25, 1967 
The 7th Ontario Conference on 
Inter-group Relations, to be held at 
the U.A.W. Education Centre, Port 
Elgin, Ontario. For registration forms, 
programs, information, write: Mrs. 
Jadwiga Bennich, Ontario Welfare 
Council, 22 Davisville Ave., Toronto 7. 


August 20-22, 1967 
American College of Hospital 
Administrators, annual meeting, 
Conrad Hilton Hotel, Chicago. 


August 21-24, 1967 
American Hospital Association, 69th 
annual meeting, Chicago's 
International Amphitheatre, Chicago. 


August 24-29, 1967 
International Hospital Conference, 
Palmer House, Chicago. 


August 25-31, 1967 
Fifth International Congress of 
Physical Medicine. To be held at the 
Queen Elizabeth Hotel, Montreal. 


August 27 - September 2, 1967 
First North American Conference on 
the Family to be held at laval 
University, Quebec City. For 
information, registration forms, write: 
Mr. Pierre Brien, P.O. Box 717, 
Quebec 4, P.Q. 


September, 1967 
Registered Nurses' Association of 
Prince Edward Island, Annual 
Meeting. 


September 4-6, 1967 
Canadian Association of Medical 
Record Librarians, 25th Annual 
Meeting, Holiday Inn, Montreal. 


September 7-8, 1967 
New Brunswick Hospital Association, 
annual meeting, Algonquin Hotel, 
St. Andrew's, N.B. 


September 11-12, 1967 
Catholic Hospital Conference of 
Alberta, Annual Convention, 
Edmonton. 


September 15-17, 1967 
70th Anniversary, Aberdeen Hospital 
School of Nursing, New Glasgow, 
Nova Scotia. Write: Mrs. Allison Mac- 
Culloch, R.R. #2, New Glasgow, 
Pictou Co., Nova Scotia. 


Late September, 1967 
The Saskatoon City Hospital 
graduates in Eastern Ontario are 
planning a reunion in St. Catharines, 
Ontario. Would graduates of the 
school in Eastern Canada please send 
names, year of graduation, and 
addresses to: Miss Ruth Schinbein, 
West Lincoln Memorial Hospital, 
Grimsby, Ontario. 


October 8-11, 1967 
Community Planning Association of 
Canada, Centennial Year National 
Planning Conference, Ottawa. 


October 19-21, 1967 
First reunion of graduates of the 
McGill School for Graduate Nurses, 
Montreal. For further information 
write Moyra Allen, Acting President 
of the Alumnae Association, School 
for Graduate Nurses, 3618 University 
Street, Montreal 2, P.Q. 


November 16-17, 1967 
ANPQ Annual Meeting, Chateau 
Frontenac, Quebec City. 


May, 1968 
Ontario Hospital Kingston Nurses 
Alumnae 1968 Reunion. All interested 
graduates please contact Miss Marie 
Peters, Ontario Hospital, Kingston. 


July, 1968 
Canadian Nurses' Association General 
Meeting, to be held in Saskatoon, 
Saskatchewan. 


JULY 1967 



in a capsule 


What about the men? 
Estrogen replacement therapy has com- 
pletely changed the old concept of the 
menopausal woman. But a nagging and 
rather pertinent question crops up at the 
mere thought of all these sexually attractive, 
physically active, and emotionally satisfied 
elderly women: "What about the men?" 
Can these revitalized women possibly be 
content with their spiritless, worn-out, im- 
potent, and depressed counterparts? 
Testosterone may change all this. A report 
in the Globe and Mail says that a British 
doctor has developed a method of male 
hormone replacement, for elderly men. A 
200-day supply in 20 tiny cystalline cylin- 
ders is embedded deep in one buttock. The 
aging man's body, says a report in Medical 
World News, draws on the 4,OOO-milligram 
reservoir at the rate of 20 milligrams a day, 
maintaining the level needed for potency, 
vigor, good spirits, and proper genitourinary 
function. 
London geriatrician Dr. Tiberius Reiter 
developed the implant procedure and used 
it on more than 600 men. Ninety-nine per- 
cent of them have been helped enormously, 
according to Dr. Reiter. Some patients are 
in their forties, most are over 55 and the 
oldest, who is 80, has had 38 implants and 
is "fit as a fiddle." 
Dr. Reiter began implanting the hor- 
mones 20 years ago but early implants were 
unsuccessful because he used too small a 
dose - 400 to 600 milligrams every six 
to eight months. He said he believes the 
medical profession is shying away from the 
technique because some doctors have used 
insufficient dosages and achieved poor re- 
sults in the past or because the type of 
fused implants he uses are not readily ob- 
tainable in the United States. 


Smoking dogs get cancer 
Ten cigaret-smoking beagles are "path- 
ological evidence" that cigaret smoking 
causes cancer, according to Dr. Oscar Auer- 
bach, senior medical investigator at the 
Veterans' Administration hospital in East 
Orange, New Jersey. This report was an- 
nounced in The Montreal Gazette. 
Dr. Auerbach recently completed a 14- 
month study in which he used 10 beagles 
as a control group for a second group of 
10 beagles which he taught to smoke up to 
12 cigarets a day. He performed a tracheo- 
tomy and attached to each dog's trachea a 
tube connected to a smoking machine out- 
side its pen. After the first day, the dogs 
smoked on their own, Dr. Auerbach said. 
Autopsies showed the non-smokers had 
no physical disabilities. The smoking dogs 
JULY 1967 


began to die of various ailments after the 
first two weeks until five of the 10 smokers 
had died after 412 days, he reported. Au- 
topsies also showed the dogs who died 
first had slight changes in the tissue around 
the lungs and those who died or were killed 
during the last days of the research had 
advanced cancer cell lining the entire tract, 
he said. 
Dr. Auerbach compared the stages of 
advancing cancer with tissue taken from 
humans who had been light, moderate or 
heavy smokers and found that the profiles 
were parallel. 


Lettuce have a smoke 
For those who believe all those statistics 
but just can't stop smoking, the new lettuce 
leaf cigarets, recently made available in On- 
tario by a Toronto-based wholesale firm. 
might be just the thing. 
The 100 percent nicotine-free cigarets 
are made in Texas from a variety of com- 
mon lettuce plant, called lactuca sativa. 
They cost 49 cents for a 20-cigaret pack. 


If they taste as bad as they sound, they 
might be just the thing for kicking the 
habit. 


The angry sex 
A flat tire, a missed train, or a dull 
razor are enough to bring a man's temper 
to boiling point, and on an average of six 
times a week at that. The average womàn, 
on the other hand, is not easily excited by 
inanimate objects but can be expected to 
blow her top at least three times a week 
Over such things as real or fancied slights, 
and assorted personal grievances. 
These statistics recently released in a news 
item issued by the American Nurses' As- 
sociation's Communications Division were 
based on anger studies conducted at Colum- 
bia University and Oregon State College. 
The Journal of the American Medical 
Association was quick to notice however, 
that "although it may be concluded from 
the study that women get angry only half 
as often as men, it is not known whether 
they get twice as angry when they do." 


) 
CW

l\ 


"Must you read at the table?" 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 29 



.. 


your 
Own 
llands: 


.... 


" 


soft testimony to your patients' comfort 


Your own hands are testimony to Dermassage's effectiveness. Applied by your 
soft, practiced hands, Dermassage alleviates your patient's minor skin irritations 
and discomfort. It adds a welcome, soothing touch to tender, sheet-burned 
skin; relieves dryness, itching and cracking. . . aids in preventing decubitus 
ulcers, In short, Dermassage is "the topical tranquilizer". . , it relaxes the patient 
, . . helps make his hospital stay more pleasant. 
You will like Dermassage for other reasons, too. A body rub with it saves your time 
and energy. Massage is gentle, smooth and fast. You needn't follow-up with 
talcum and there is no greasiness to clean away. It won't stain or soil linens or 
bed-clothes, You can easily make friends with Dermassage-send for a samplel 


Now available in new, 16 ounce plastic container with convenient flip-top closure. 



 


",,:;' 


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30 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


JULY 1967 



"Who is more aware of what needs 
revision in the diploma schools than 
the students enrolled in them?" asks 
this student at the Hm.pital for Sick 
Children in Toronto, who gives a stud- 
ent's-eye-view of the situation. 


Statistics show that in 1944, 25 per- 
cent, and in 1951, 20 p
Tccnt of all 
grade 12 graduates entered schools of 
nursing, whereas it is estimated that 
only 10 percent do now. A step in- 
side any student nurses' residence 
should convince anyone that changes 
in the present diploma school pro- 
grams are essential. 
"I'm so bored, I'm going right out 
of my mind," seems to be the theme 
song of the student nurse. There are 
many other versions of this same 
comment but in essence the problem 
seems to be one of boredom. Since 
entrance requirements of many hospi- 
tal schools of nursing are equivalent 
to those of universities, nursing stud- 
ents would seem to have basically the 
same intellectual potential as univer- 
sity students. It follows that a certain 
degree of mental stimulation is re- 
quired to satisfy the student nurse. Do 
schools of nursing provide this? The 
answer, to a great extent, is no. Over- 
simplified courses in sociology and 
psychology, often taught by unqualified 
personnel, are proof. 
Lack of depth in the program oc- 
curs as a result of an insufficient num- 
ber of in-depth student assignments. 
Several students will undoubtedly as- 
sert that enough assignments are re- 
quired of them already. This is true in 
the present set-up of the diploma pro- 
gram where a student nurse works an 
eight or eight and one half-hour day. 
She has no afternoons off duty and no 
"sleep-in" mornings (unless she is 
working shift). Thus, how many as- 
signments can a school give the stud- 
ent and still allow her some unstruc- 
tured time? 
One solution is to cut down on the 
often repetitious ward word, a change 
that could be made without affecting 
the ability of the graduate. The new 
35-hour week adopted by several 
schools of nursing in Toronto and the 
more compact two-year programs of 
the future will likely eradicate much 
of the boredom caused by repetition, 
and prçvide the time for more in- 
depth assignments. However, until 
JULY 1967 


such programs come into operation 
what can be done? Schools could be 
more receptive to complaints and 
make constructive attempts for reform. 
Who can suggest more about what 
needs revision in the diploma schools 
than the students themselves - the 
active participants in the programs? 


Freedom of expression 
Another area of considerable con- 
cern for students lies in the realm of 
freedom of expression. The student is 
responsible to graduates, instructors, 
assistant head nurses, head nurses and 
doctors. However, regardless of her 
small role in the medical world, she 
may have some very worthwhile con- 
tributions to make. An opportunity to 
express these opinions and to have 
them objectively interpreted is neces- 
sary for every student. If staff put this 
into practice, the residences would not 
be the ghettos of frustration that they 
now are. All too often a student is 
heard complaining emotionally to her 
peers about things that should have 
been relayed to someone else in the 
hospital environment. During the psy- 
chiatric affiliation, many individuals 
learn to recognize and express their 
feelings; in this setting they generally 
enjoy freedom of expression. Why 
teach people and then expect them to 
forget at the end of this affiliation? 


Instructor or inspector? 
The key to a good student-instruc- 
tor relationship lies in the word empa- 
thy. If the instructor is to fulfill a 
vital role for student nurses, she must 
do more than present material, she 
must help her students to implement 
it. To do this she must know and 
understand each student as a person. 
All too often, the student views the 
instructor as an inspector. The impli- 
cations are obvious. First, the student 
often feels under pressure - pressure 
to show her instructor that she consis- 
tently has done everything in exactly 
the manner she was taught. When 
quizzed, she feels that she must know 
all of the answers. Students suppress 
their" questions through fear that they 
might indicate lack of knowledge or 
because these questions are occasion- 
ally answered with terse replies such 
as, "Look it up - you'll remember it 
better that way." If such an atmos- 
phere prevails, the desire to learn w
ll 


OPINION I 


be easily stifled. With a good basic 
understanding, both student and in- 
structor can move ahead in an un- 
clouded, permissive, learning environ- 
ment. Once this atmosphere has been 
created, the instructor will become 
sensitive to the needs of the student 
(as well as to those of the student's 
patients). 
In this way many of the problems 
that occur might be solved as they 
arise, rather than be battered about in 
the embroiled atmosphere of residence 
complaint sessions. Moreover, better 
solutions might result. 
Hopefully, all students receive mid- 
term evaluations during each ward 
experience; it is the responsibility of 
both instructor and student to see that 
a sincere effort is made to effect ne- 
cessary improvements. At the conclu- 
sion of a ward experience, the student 
will be able to evaluate her perform- 
ance in terms of improvement rather 
than in terms of success or failure. 


Foresight needed 
Most students enter nursing to be- 
come graduate nurses. However, they 
soon realize that there are many types 
of nurses. It is of great importance to 
give consideration to the area of the 
profession for which the individual 
would be best suited. Career guidance 
and counseling should direct the stud- 
ent to the course most suitable for 
her. For example, one who has al- 
ways been interested in teaching, yet 
who has decided to become a nurse, 
would be best advised to attend a uni- 
versity course, provided she has suffi- 
cient money. In this way, she will at- 
tain the necessary qualifications in the 
shortest period of time rather than at- 
tend a diploma school and then be 
forced to take two or three additional 
years at university to become a nurs- 
ing instructor. At present many girls 
find at the conclusion of the diploma 
course that they "have had enough," 
and the result is wasted potential. 
Sound guidance by well-qualified 
counselors would be most beneficial 
for the future welfare and happiness 
of the student. 
Regardless of improvements made 
in programs to date, still further 
changes are essential if nursing is to 
compete both numerically and intellec- 
tuaUy with other professions. - 
WENDY MARGESSON, STUDENT NURSE. 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 31 



Remotivation to motivation 


Patients at The Children's Psychiat- 
ric Research Institute in London, 
Ontario are a diversified group: teen. 
age boys and girls, younger children 
of all ages, children with behavior 
problems, psychotics, juvenile delin- 
quents and mentally retarded children 
in varying age groups and in all de- 
grees of retardation. Many of the 
severely and profoundly retarded chil- 
dren remain on the ward and receive 
most of their care from the aide and 
attendant staff. While remotivation has 
worked with other groups of retarded 
children, it was felt there was insuffi- 
cient evidence to prove its usefulness 
for the most severe cases. A search 
was also being made for a group 
technique that could be used with all 
the patients. 
It was decided to undertake a study 
with the objective of developing a 
group therapy that could be applied, 
by aides and attendant staff, to sev- 
erely and profoundly retarded children. 
The five patients used in the study 
were drawn from this group. 
A more immediate objective was to 
develop social skills and environmen- 
tal awareness through sensory stimu- 
lation in order to help prepare the 
child for future self-care training and 
education. The children were encourag- 
ed to use their ability, regardless of 
how feeble the effort. They were also 
encouraged to develop new skills and 
thus build their egos and self-respect. 
It was hoped that the child's emotion- 
al and social environment could be 


32 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Remotivation is a group therapy commonly employed with the adult psychiatric 
patient to stimulate interest and group interaction. At The Children's Psychiatric 
Research Institute in London, Ontario, an experiment was made to apply a 
modified form of this therapy to a group of severely and profoundly retarded 
children. The resultsl Encouraging. 


Doris S. Thompson, R.N. 


enriched by modifying that part of 
his behavior which repelled, and en- 
couraging that which attracted. Each 
time the child withdrew from the 
group and began head-banging, finger- 
sucking or any other form of seIf- 
stimulation, the act was interrupted 
and superseded by a socially accept- 
able form of stimulation. 


Criteria for selection 
To select patients for inclusion in 
the study group, basic criteria were 
established. The children selected 
were: 
I . profoundly or sevt:rely retarded 
and not attending school; 
2. showing no visual signs of pro- 
gress; 
3. hypoactive, disinterested in their 
environment and tending to re- 
gress without stimulation. 
The group was to be heterogeneous 
rather than homogeneous. Five chil- 
dren were selected to reflect the Ins- 
titute's staff-to-patient ratio of 1 to 5, 
as applied on the wards. Four of the 
children were to be hypoactive and 
limited in their ability to communi- 
cate. The fifth child was to be hypo- 


Mrs. Thompson is Nursing Instructor at 
The Children's Psychiatric Research Insti- 
tute, London, Ontario. The article is adapt- 
ed from a paper presented to the Ameri- 
can Assocation of Mental Deficiency, Re- 
gional Meeting, London, Ontario, in Oc- 
tober, 1966. 


active, but with good social and verbal 
abilities. This child was introduced 
to stimulate the others into respond- 
ing. Sandra was the patient selected 
for this role - a hypoctive child as a 
result of her physical handicap. 
Atmosphere 
The ward environment was to re- 
main as constant as possible. The chil- 
dren were to continue with all current 
activities and no new activities or 
programs were to be introduced. Sixty 
(60) one-hour sessions were to be 
held three times a week. The atmos- 
phere during the sessions was warm, 
friendly and receptive. 
Each child was treated as if he 
would respond. The same routine was 
followed in every session. Each simple 
task was repeated in the same manner 
and verbal instructions were simple, 
taking the form of short sentences or 
single words. The same sentences and 
words were used repeatedly. Few re- 
strictions or linùtations were put on the 
group but the children were required 
to remain together as a group in order 
to encourage them to interact. All 
other forms of behavior were accept- 
able and to encourage interaction 
and problem-solving, the children were 
allowed to push, argue and fight over 
toys. 
The sessions were designed to draw 
the child out and to help him devel- 
op socially. Teaching was secondary. 
Because of the short attention span 
of severely retarded children, the ses- 
JULY 1967 



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sions consisted of both active and pas- 
sive activities. The children were en- 
couraged to develop by progressive 
steps, ranging from no response to 
active participation. The following 
steps were recognized: 
1. cooperates when assisted; 
2. follows demonstrations; 
3. follows verbal instructions; 
4. initiates own activity and assists 
other children in the activity. 


Technique employed 
A five-phase technique was employ- 
ed throughout the study as follows. 
The climate of acceptance phase 
This phase took place on the ward 
where the remotivator met the chil- 
dren. Each child was called by name 
and a rope was held out to the child. 
The rope was used to encourage the 
group to stay together. If there was 
no response from the child the third 
time he was called, he was then touch- 
ed gently on the shoulder and his 
name was spoken simultaneously. If 
there was still no response, the child 
was taken by the hand and physically 
assisted to join the group. 
A bridge to reality phase 
The children left the ward in a 
group since they were to learn to 
function and interact as a group. To 
get from the ward to the play area, it 
was necessary to travel on two eleva- 
tors and through a long underground 
tunnel. The remotivator decided to 
JULY 1967 


make this journey beneficial to the 
children. Objects and people in their 
environment were drawn to their at- 
tention. They pushed the elevator but- 
ton, made sounds like the elevator; 
rattled the door handles; and splashed 
in the water that ran into the tunnel 
on rainy days. They repeated nursery 
rhymes, sang very simple songs and 
listened to the clear, resounding echo. 
The songs frequently used the names 
of the children and situations that 
were familiar to them. "This is the 
way we ride our bikes" became "This 
is the way David rides his bike." The 
children were encouraged to sing, 
hum, or make sounds according to 
their ability. 
Sharing the world we live in phase 
The children were to sit on chairs 
placed in a semicircle. Social inter- 
action and awareness of the environ- 
ment was encouraged. Each sense was 
to be stimulated during each session 
in the following manner: 
Sense of hearing was stimulated 
with stories, songs and questions. 
The children were encouraged to 
make sounds and to listen to each 
other's voices. Party noisemakers, 
drums and a ticking, buzzing alarm 
clock were also used. 
Sense of sight was stimulated by 
using concrete objects. Semi-con- 
crete objects, such as pictures, 
brought little response, but large. 
brightly-colored toys, such as a big 
striped ball, a three-foot curly-haired 


As the children progre!.sed they were 
encouraged to assist one another 
Mark is seen tying Gregory's apron 
as they prepare for waterplay. 


doll. a mirror. and a pinwheel that 
turned with the aid of a fan, all 
elicited good response. 
Touch stimulation was promoted 
by the use of soft cuddly toys, 
sand, water, bubbles that broke, 
and finger paints. 
Sense of smell was stimulated by 
food, flowers and perfume. 
Taste sensation was stimulated by 
using a variety of sweet, sour and 
bitter foods. 
The children were encouraged to 
respond to the different stimuli. No 
matter how feeble the response, the re- 
motivator rewarded the child with a 
smile, a cuddle, and verbal encourage- 
ment. 
An appreciation of the work of the 
world phase 
Because children play and adults 
work, this step became a play and 
self-help training period. As water 
is an excellent stimulant and children 
respond to water at an early age, 
water play was used. The children 
were to prepare themselves for water 
play, which consisted of picking up 
and putting on plastic aprons, tying 
the strings or asking for assistance 
with the actual tying, getting off the 
chair and walking into the tub room. 
The more advanced children were en- 
couraged to assist the others. The re- 
motivator assisted when necessary and 
then she started the child in an activ- 
ity and encouraged him to proceed 
on his own. If a child made no at- 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 33 



tempt to get down from his chair, he 
was assisted to the front of the chair 
and then encouraged to stand using 
his own initiative. The toys in the tub 
were chosen to allow the child to de- 
velop from unorganized activity up the 
steps in play to organized imaginative 
group play. Balloons, balls, plastic 
bottles, pails, funnels, plastic dishes, 
rubber dolls, face cloths and towels 
were used. 
At the end of water play, the chil- 
dren cleaned up. They removed their 
aprons, dried their hands, replaced 
the toys in the tub and wiped up 
the water they had splashed on the 
floor. 
The climate of appreciation phase 
The rope was given to each child 
and they were expected to hold on to 
it until they returned to the ward. 
The activities on the way back to the 
ward were the same as those described 
in phase two. When the remotivator 
left the children on the ward, she said 
goodbye to each one, calling each 
by name. They were encouraged to 
respond with a vocal or physical res- 
ponse. The rope was used for each 
child only until he learned to stay 
with the group. Then he was no longer 
required to hold it. 


Case histories 
The progress of each child was 
followed in four stages: 
1. Behavior on the ward prior to 
therapy - March 1966. 
2. Behavior during the first three re- 
motivation sessions. 
3. Behavior on the ward following 
20 weeks of therapy - September 
1966. 
4. Behavior during the last three re- 
motivation sessions. 
While the response of each of the 
five children varied to some degree the 
outline of the progress of the' two 
children listed here is reasonably rep- 
resentative of the observations. 


Gregory 
Gregory is a 13-year-old mongo- 
loid child whose bone maturation has 
been delayed by six years. He is 39 
inches tall. He has been hospitalized 
for two years. 
On admission, he was ten years, sev- 
en months old. According to the hos- 
pital psychologist, his mental age was 
15 months and his LQ. was estimated 
at below 20, placing him in the pro- 
found range of retardation. 
Behavior on the ward - March 1966 
On the ward, Gregory was non-res- 
ponsive and almost completely un- 
aware of his environment. He assisted 
with his feeding, but sat most of the 
34 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


I 


time with spoon in hand and made no 
effort to move. The nurse prodded 
him continually to make him eat. Gre- 
gory spent most of his time looking 
blankly into space or at the floor. He 
sat tailor-fashion on the floor, twirling 
a string, shoelace or strap, and moved 
only when physically assisted. His 
gross motor coordination was poor, 
causing him to walk unsteadily. When 
the nurse held his hand, he walked 
willingly, but when she released him 
he immediately sat. He ignored the 
other children and would not come 
when called. Gregory never cried and 
showed no other emotional response 
except to smile. when tickled. When 
tested at 13 years of age, the psycho- 
logist estimated his mental age at 13 
months; his LQ. less than 20. 


Summary of the first three sessions 
Gregory made no response when he 
was called by name. He looked up 
when the instructor touched him on 
the shoulder, but it was necessary to 
pull him to his feet. He did not grasp 
the rope. He dropped the rope fre- 
quently and sat motionless, showing 
no concern when left behind. Gregory 
continually hesitated when entering 
and leaving the elevators. When the 
group reached the classroom, Gregory 
would stand in front of a chair, arms 
outstretched, waiting to be lifted. 
When lifted on to the chair, Gregory 
would sit in tailor-fashion. He showed 
no response to sensory stimuli nor 
would he reach for or grasp toys. He 
sat staring into space or at the floor. 
Occasionally he watched the move- 



 


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ments of action songs. He would not 
move from his chair without assis- 
tance. When he was assisted off the 
chair he would sit on the floor and 
twirl a shoe-lace or strap. He made no 
effort to get ready for water play. Dur- 
ing water play he sat on the floor, 
'twirling.' When assisted in play he 
watched but made no effort to partici- 
pate. He made no sounds, and did not 
attempt to communicate. 
Behavior on the ward - September 
1966 
Gregory came immediately when cal- 
led. He made sounds to communi- 
cate and indicated when he wanted 
to drink. He was more aggressive and 
showed increased initiative. He snatch- 
ed toys from other children and tried 
to push them off the tricycle, which he 
now could ride and steer. He asserted 
himself by being stubborn, refusing to 
relinquish his tricycle. He was more 
emotional, laughing spontaneously 
during play and crying when he feU, 
was corrected or deprived of a posses- 
sion. He pounded a drum with enthu- 
siasm. He fed himself in an awkward 
manner. Some progress was made in 
toilet training. 


Behavior in the last three remotivation 
sessions 
Gregory ran to the remotivator upon 
her arrival on the ward. He smiled, 
mounted his tricycle and proceeded 
to the elevator. He usually stayed 
with the group and occasionaUy 
fought to be leader. He attempted to 
push the other children out of the 
JULY 1967 



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way and squealed if they would not 
move. He listened to simple stories 
and responded with physical actions, 
smiles and waving of hands. He res- 
ponded to sensory stimuli, especially 
soft cuddly toys. He held the big doll, 
moved her arms and legs, hugged and 
kissed her. He would now follow sim- 
ple verbal commands regarding prep- 
aration for water play. He was often 
the first one into the tub room. He 
commenced play immediately and 
played continuously, sometimes alone, 
occasionally with other children. His 
play was progressively more construc- 
tive and showed some imagination. 
He bathed the doll. He squirted water 
at the other children and squealed in 
a delighted manner. After water play, 
he removed his apron and dried his 
hands. He occasionally made clumsy 
attempts to assist the other children 
to remove their aprons. Gregory res- 
ponded when Martha called him. He 
would let her place her hands on his 
shoulders and let her walk with his 
assistance. 


Martha 
Martha was a nine-year-old child 
diagnosed as cerebral defect associat- 
ed with primary cranial hydrocepha- 
lus, congenital and arrested. She had 
been in the institution for four years. 
On admission at the age of four years, 
her mental age was two years, three 
months and her I.Q. was 60. 


Behavior on the ward - March 1966 
Martha was disobedient and often 
rude to the staff. She was demanding 
JULY 1967 


The children jhowed improvement in 
their motor skills. Martha, (left) is 
mounting her tricycle without 
assistance. Gregory has mounted his 
rricycle without assistance and is 
anxious to be on his way. 


Gregory, who was passive, apathetic 
and showed no response to toys before 
the therapy, now plays actively in the 
water. Note the facial expression Mark 
watches. 


of other children and of staff. She had 
a good memory for songs and rhymes 
but her comprehension of the material 
was poor. Both her fine and gross 
motor coordination were poor. Martha 
was unable to walk without assistance. 
She was able to get around in her 
walker by supporting herself on the 
seat and sliding along. She put no 
weight on her legs. She was toilet 
trained and able to feed herself. The 
hospital psychologist estimated her 
mental age at three years, one month 
and her I.Q. at 34. 


Behavior in the first three remotiva- 
tion sessions 
Martha came the first time she was 
called. She frequently wandered ahead 
of or loitered behind the group. She 
showed little interest in other children 
except to shout at and slap them when 
they got in her way. She was 
argumentative and stubborn and she 
refused to stay within the limitations 
set for her. Upon arriving at the play- 
room, she sat when asked. She res- 
ponded with meaningful, although 
sometimes inappropriate, speech. Mar- 
tha sang with enthusiasm but insisted 
on songs of her choice. She played 
alone, ignoring the other children. Her 
play was non-constructive and un- 
imaginative. 


Present behavior on ward 
Martha's conversation was more 
appropriate. She shared her toys and 
candies with the other children. She 
chose her own toys and sent the other 
children to bring them to her. If they 


brought the wrong toys she sent them 
back for the right ones. Martha played 
constructively with dolls, dressing and 
undressing them. She walked in her 
walker, supporting her weight on het 
legs. She was able to get in and out of 
the walker without assistance. 


Behavior in the last three remotivation 
sessions 
Martha came to the door when she 
saw the remotivator. She brought the 
other children with her. She spoke in 
a meaningful, excited manner. She 
hitched along the floor to her tricycle, 
mounted it without assistance, and 
rode it without difficulty. She remain- 
ed with the group. She called the other 
children if they wandered ahead or 
loitered behind. Martha responded 
well to verbal instructions, although 
occasionally she was stubborn. {This 
was easily handled.} She cooperated 
the second time the request was made. 
She was usually polite to adults and 
said good morning to people she met 
in the hall. She did not have a temper 
tantrum or burst into tears when she 
could not have her own way. She was 
interested in the other children, re- 
vealed by questions such as: "Is Pa- 
trick going swimming?" "Why doesn't 
David talk?" Martha's play was con- 
structive and more imaginative. She 
bathed and dressed the doll, washed 
the dishes and tried to get the other 
children to held her. Once she decided 
to bath Gregory and attempted to wash 
his face and hands. He laughed with 
glee. She assisted the other children 
in preparation for play and in clean- 
ing up after play. 


Conclusion 
The ward staff reported an increase 
in both social and emotional responses 
in all five children. There was also an 
increase in the awareness to their en- 
vironment. Learning took place in the 
remotivation sessions, but there was no 
observable transfer of learning. Three 
of the five children showed marked 
improvement in their motor skills. 
The influence of Martha, the more 
socially adept, verbal child, could not 
be measured. We believe that it may 
have been considerable. 
The Rosenzweig Behavior Profile 
was adapted to measure behavior 
changes. The children were rated be- 
fore and after they were involved in 
the study. The measuring instrument 
was found to be inadequate in its 
revised state. While this study was not 
scientific, we feel that there was suf- 
ficient evidence of improvement in 
isolated areas to warrant further inves- 
tigation. 0 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 35 



The word "hemophilia" has become 
part of our everyday vocabulary, main- 
ly because it is used, improperly, to 
refer to any bleeding abnormality in 
children. Members of certain royal 
families were afflicted by this condi- 
tion and, until about the nineteenth 
century, other abnormalities in blood 
clotting went unrecognized. Approx- 
imately 150 years ago, hemophilia 
came to indicate difficulties of a more 
restricted nature. In this article the 
current meaning of the term is defined 
and the therapeutic measures presently 
available are reviewed. 
Hemostasis 
The mechanism of normal hemos- 
tasis must be understood before exam- 
ining the significance of hemophilia. 
For practical purposes, this mechanism 
may be broken down into three phases: 
vascular tissue reaction; platelet reac- 
tion; and blood coagulation. 
Vascular Tissue Reaction 
Reflex vasoconstriction, induced by 
an active principle released by the 
platelets, occurs at the start of he- 
mostasis. The degree of constriction is 
directly proportional to the size of the 
injured blood vessel and to the extent 
of vascular damage. The elastic peri- 
vascular tissue contributes to this by 
partially or completely obstructing the 
site of injury. 
Platelet Reaction 
This phase probably occurs simul- 
taneously with reflex vasoconstriction. 
An aggregation of platelets forms a 
36 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Hemophilia 


This commonly misunderstood, hereditary condition is explicitly defined, and the 
latest methods of treatment outlined. 


Claude Petitderc, M.D. 


hemostatic plug for the wound. Cer- 
tain active principles (enzymes) are 
released, which bind the platelets 
together, and contribute to the vaso- 
constriction. 
Blood Coagulation 
In 1905, a German scientist, Mora- 
witz, postulated the existence of an 
independent system of blood clotting 
composed of fibrinogen, calcium ions 
and prothrombin. The platelets and 
white cells were thought to contain 
an enzyme (thrombokinase) capable 
of converting prothrombin to throm- 
bin Table 1). Morawitz also sug- 
gested the possible existence of a 
system of anticoagulants that counter- 
balance the coagulating mechanism. 
Modem theories of blood coagulation 
are essentially modifications of these 
early views. 
Since then, it has been demonstrated 
that tissue extracts alone are not 
enough to convert prothrombin to 
thrombin. Certain other plasma fac- 
tors - V, X, and VII - must be 
present to produce active tissue throm- 
boplastin. On the other hand, an in- 
trinsic system of thromboplastin forma- 
tion resulting from the action of 
plasma factors XII, XI, IX, and VIII, 
along with platelet factor HI, also 
exists. There is a close relationship 
between these two systems. Prothrom- 
bin (factor II) conversion occurs im- 


Dr. PetitcIerc is on the staff of the hema- 
tology department of Hôpital de Saint- 
Sacrement, Quebec City, Quebec. 


perfectly if a factor is lacking in 
either system. Once the conversion has 
taken place, the thrombin, in turn, 
acts to change fibrinogen to fibrin 
(Table 2). In hemophilia the blood 
coagulation phase of the hemostatic 
mechanism is faulty. 


Diagnosis 
Tests designed to determine whether 
or not the extrinsic and intrinsic 
systems of thromboplastin formation 
are intact aid substantially in the 
diagnosis of blood coagulation defects. 
Consequently, clotting times are ob- 
tained on blood samples with and with- 
out the addition of tissue factor. 


Hemophilia A and B 
The blood plasma of the normal 
individual contains 70 and 120 per- 
cent respectively of factors VIII and 
IX of the intrinsic thromboplastin 
system. The patient with Hemophilia 
A has a deficiency of factor VIII, 
while Hemophilia B is characterized 
by a low level of factor IX. The 
severe hemophiliac patient may have 
less than one percent of either of 
these two factors. Signs and symp- 
toms vary according to the degree 
of deficiency. 
Both types of hemophilia, in their 
classic forms, exhibit similar clinical 
signs: repeated episodes of spontan- 
eous bleeding affecting almost any 
organ - deep hematomata and he- 
marthroses are typical lesions - and 
frequent epistaxis. 


JULY 1967 



Spontaneous hemarthroses frequen- 
tly cause severe disability. In contrast, 
superficial abrasions have a tendency 
to heal quickly and normally. 
The frequency with which retroper- 
itoneal hemorrhage into the gastro- 
intestinal tract occurs is significant 
in establishing a differential diag- 
nosis. This bleeding may be confused 
with other clinical entities that require 
surgery - a procedure that could 
prove fatal to the hemophiliac patient. 
Hemophilia A occurs nine times 
more often than Hemophilia B, but 
both types are transmitted through a 
recessive, sex-linked gene. 


Treatment 
Fresh Frozen Plasma 
Factor VIII rapidly disappears un- 
less plasma is frozen immediately 
after collection. Since it is relatively 
easy to obtain, fresh frozen plasma 
is the treatment of choice. Factor IX 
remains stable in stored plasma for 
comparatively long periods, thus el- 
iminating problems of supply. 
Human Antihemophilic Globulin 
Fractionation of this protein has 
been carried out in only a few centers 


thrombokinase 


Prothrombin .-> thrombin (1-1) 
Ca.. 


Fibrinogen r-+ fibrin (1-2) 
thrombin 


Table I 


Synonyms 
Factor [ : Fibrogen 
Factor II: Prothrombin 
Factor III: Platelets 
Factor IV: Calcium 
Factor VII: Pro-convertin 
Factor VIII: Antihemophilic 
factor (AH.F.) 
Antihemophilic 
globulin (AH.G.) 
Factor IX: Plasma 
thromboplastin 
component 
(P.T.C. or 
Christmas factor) 
Factor XI: Plasma 
thromboplastin 
antecedent (P .T.A) 
Factor XII: Hageman factor 
JULY 1967 


in the world because of difficulties 
in isolating it and high production 
costs. This method is nonantigenic, 
and avoids overtaxing the circulation. 
Cold-Precipitated Fibrinogen 
Precipitation of the fibrinogen- 
fraction with cold produces a product 
that is rich in antihemophilic factor 
A. This technique has the added ad- 
v
ntage that other plasma fractions 
are preserved for use in other ways, 
for example in the reconstitution of 
whole blood. The Canadian Red Cross 
has now adopted this method. A 
much smaller quantity is required for 
effective administration than when 
whole plasma is used. 
Animal Factor Vlll 
The percentages of factor VIII 
found in some animals, for example, 
the pig and the ox, are 100 times 
higher per mg. of serum protein, 
than that found in human blood. Ex- 
traction of both porcine and bovine 
factor VIII is currently being carried 
out at Oxford. Use of these prepara- 
tions for humans has proven most 
satisfactory, especially in major sur- 
gery. One serious disadvantage, how- 
ever, is the antigenic quality of 


animal factor, although the presence 
of specific antibodies against these 
concentrates has yet to be demonstrat- 
ed. However, eight to nine days after 
administration of the factor, the recip- 
ient presents the clinical picture of 
antibody formation. Obviously, use of 
the animal factor must be limited to 
those occasions when a patient's life 
is at stake. Repeated administration 
may induce death through anaphylactic 
shock. 


Conclusion 
These, then, are the therapeutic 
devices at our disposal in the care 
of the hemophiliac patient. During 
the past 10 years, our method of 
extracting factor VIII has improved 
and our understanding of the condi- 
tion of hemophilia, increased. This, 
in turn, has greatly ameliorated the 
lot of the hemophiliac patient. Refine- 
ment in methods of treatment has de- 
creased the extent of disability. Re- 
habiliation problems should assume 
smaller proportions in the future, 
although much remains to be done in 
the area of education. This task be- 
longs to the nurse as well as to the 
doctor and social worker. 0 


Extrinsic System Intrinsic System 
(Measured By One-Stage (Measured By Thromboplastin 
Prothrombin Time) Generation Test) 
----- 
I I 
I I Factor VIII 
I I Factor IX 
Tissue Extract I I Factor XI 
I I Factor XII 
I I Platelets 
I ----- I 
I . 
Factor VII I I 
L ----- 
I I 
Factor V I I Factor V 
Factor X I I Factor X 
Calcium I I Calcium 
I ----- t 

 Prothrombin / 
Ð<lri
i' 1 In"""" 
Prothrombinase 
 
 Prothrombinase 
Thrombin 
I 
I 
I 
Figrinogen v 
 Fibrin 
Table II 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 37 



Not so long ago, before we knew 
how to use blood therapeutically, 
Wickham Legg 1 observed that one of 
the best ways to treat hemorrhage in 
the hemophiliac patient was to leave 
him alone until he came to the end of 
his blood supply. Then it could be 
counted on to stop! A moment's reflec- 
tion discloses the despair underlying 
his sarcasm: Would adequate treat- 
ment for hemorrhage complicated by 
abnormalities in clotting ever be avail- 
able? 
If such were still the situation, 
300,000 hemophiliac persons the 
world over would be in desperate 
straits. Of this total, 2,000-4,000 
(about I in every 5,000 persons):! 
form part of our Canadian population. 
Fortunately, the quality of the care 
now offered to these individuals means 
that the majority can anticipate a 
happy, active, useful life. 
Since hemorrhage is the chief sign 
of hemophilia, measures designed to 
re-establish local or general hemosta- 
sis, to prevent or minimize complica- 
tions, and to avoid the conditions con- 
ducive to bleeding are emphasized in 
this article. Social and psychological 
aspects of this condition are also con- 
sidered. 


General hemostasis 
The amount of blood lost by a hemo- 
philiac may not always be particular- 
ly impressive since it is frequently 
from the capillaries. Nevertheless, mild 
bleeding can assume alarming propor- 
38 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


The nurse and the 
hemophiliac patient 


Preservation of life is no longer our sole objective for the hemophiliac person. 


Janine Drapeau 
tions if it is prolonged. The nurse must 
be aware of the signs of impending 
shock: rapid, feeble pulse; marked fa- 
tigue; diaphoresis; polydipsia; drop in 
blood pressure. 
The basic needs of the bleeding 
patient are: close observation; rest and 
relaxation; fluids; warm clothes and 
bedding. 
General hemostasis requires the cor- 
rection of any deficiency in factor VIII 
or IX. Synthetic antihemophilic glob- 
ulin has yet to be produced. Blood 
is our only source of replacement for 
certain coagulation factors. It may be 
used in a number of ways, and conse- 
quently its administration is of interest 
to nurses in considering total patient 
care. 
Whole blood transfusion: Blood 
volume and/ or hemoglobin content 
are restored. In treating Hemophilia 
A, the blood must be administered 
within two hours after collection. 
Plasma administration: Used when 
restoration of blood clotting is the. 
chief objective. 
Factor VlII: Used as a last resort 
in treatment of Hemophilia A. 


Blood transfusion 
The dangers that may accompany 
transfusion cannot be overemphasized. 
These include: incompatible transfu- 
sion; allergic reactions; and overload- 
ing circulation. 
Incompatible transfusion: The drop 
in blood pressure that results may 
produce irreversible kidney damage 


from ischemia. In addition, the pa- 
tient exhibits dyspnea, cyanosis, fever, 
and shivering, and complains of lum- 
bar and suprapubic pain radiating into 
the thighs. Reaction may occur after 
the administration of only a few cc. of 
blood 3 . 
Allergic reactions: These may take 
the form of a skin eruption, asthmatic 
crisis, laryngeal edema, labial swelling. 
Overtaxed circulation: Acute pul- 
monary edema may ensue. 
The attentiveness of the nursing 
personnel should be such that there 
need never be regret over an error in 
patient identification or in a cross- 
matching report. Vital signs are noted 
regularly, the progress of the trans- 
fusion is checked, and any indication 
of an overload on the circulatory sys- 
tem is duly heeded. Complaints voiced 
by the patient receive prompt atten- 
tion. Obviously, the patient's call bell 
is always within easy reach. 
Any sign of transfusion incompat- 
ibility, overtaxed circulatory system, 
or severe allergic response is sufficient 
to warrant discontinuing the transfu- 
sion even before the doctor is called. 
A mild allergic reaction or a pyrogenic 
response characterized by fever and 
sudden shivering can be adequately 
dealt with by slowing the rate of flow 
until the doctor is called. 


Miss Drapeau is presently an Instructor 
at l'Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement School of 
Nursing in Quebec City, Quebec. 


JULY 1967 



Plasma administration 
There are two important points to 
be remembered in the use of plasma: 
I. Factor VIII is readily destroyed 
by heat. Consequently, plasma must 
be administered quickly. When fresh 
frozen plasma is used it is administered 
as soon as it thaws. The process of 
thawing should never be hastened by 
placing the container in warm water. 
The rate of administration should be 
about 60 drops per minute so that the 
room temperature has little oppor- 
tunity to affect the factor VIII content. 
2. Plasma can produce allergic re- 
actions similar to those following 
blood transfusion. Since plasma is ad- 
ministered more rapidly, reactions tend 
to develop quite suddenly. Thus, for 
every unit of plasma given, a close 
watch is kept for cutaneòus eruption, 
fever, angioneurotic edema, glottal 
edema and subsequent asphyxia. Al- 
lergic reactions not only constitute a 
threat in themselves but, in the case 
of such conditions as pruritis, the pa- 
tient may develop an aversion to essen- 
tial treatment. 
Plasma, like blood, may overtax the 
circulation simply as the result of ad- 
ded fluid volume or because of existing 
malfunction of the heart or kidneys. 
Should the patient exhibit sudden ma- 
jor respiratory difficulty-from glottal 
edema or pulmonary edema-the plas- 
ma flow must be stopped immediately 
and the doctor called. A mild allergic 
response can be handled by slowing 
the rate of flow until the antihistamine 
usually prescribed for such occasions 
takes effect. When this occurs, plasma 
flow can be resumed at normal speed. 
Factor VIII administration 
This concentrate is extracted from 
the blood of the pig, ox, or, infrequent- 
ly, humans. It is given intravenously 
and may induce severe allergic reac- 
tion. 
The need for repeated injections is 
a source of annoyance to patients. The 
person responsible for this procedure 
should be extremely skillful. Injections 
-intravenous or otherwise--do not 
usually cause bleeding in the hemo- 
philiac patient if digital pressure is 
exerted momentarily after withdrawing 
the needle. Intramuscular injections 
are routinely prohibited unless the 
level of the specific factor deficiency 
can be raised to a safe margin. 
Local hemostasis 
Clot formation is not the only 
means by which blood loss can be 
halted. Constriction of the walls of the 
injured blood vessel also plays an im- 
portant role. Where one means fails, 
another may be attempted. Several 
measures can be used to control hem- 


IULY 1967 


orrhage lo
ally: immobilization; appli- 
cation of ice packs; pressure; and local 
hemostatic agents. 
Immobilization 
An active muscle necessarily re- 
ceives an extra blood supply. This ob- 
viously is not conducive to constric- 
tion of the injured vessel. Whenever 
possible, the affected part is put at 
rest and good use made of splints and 
slings. 
Ice application 
The application of ice can result 
in two particularly desirable effects- 
constriction of blood vessels locally, 
and loss of feeling in the nerve end- 
ings. The former reduces blood loss, 
while the latter controls pain arising 
from the accumulation of blood in the 
tissues. Ice can be applied to any 
accessible part of the body as long as 
care is taken to avoid injury to the 
skin through the development of chil- 
blains. The likelihood of chilblains 
varies in direct proportion to the de- 
gree of local desensitization. 
Pressure 
Local application of pressure affects 
the underlying blood vessels. However. 
there must be no interference with the 
oxygen supply to distal portions. This 
means that the color of the skin, its 
temperature, and degree of sensation 
must be checked. Initially, bandages 
are not applied too tightly, since they 
tend to tighten as blood accumulates 
in the tissues. 
Local hemostatic agents 
Certain pharmaceutical compounds 
are useful in the promotion of clot 
formation, but they should only be 
applied topically. Thrombin used lo- 
cally on damaged vessels takes the 
place of natural thrombin in the pro- 
cess of blood clotting. It unites with 
fibrinogen to fofm fibrin, which, in 
turn, binds the blood cells and plate- 
lets together, eventually producing a 
clot. Other preparations such as Gel- 
foam, Oxycel, Hemopak, etc., help 
mechanically in c;ot formation. 
It is very important to have several 
of these agents available as part of 
the plan of care for hemophiliac pa- 
tients. All is then ready if the patient 
develops a break in the skin or mucous 
membrane and a dressing must be 
applied. 
The foregoing allusion to wounds 
is a reminder of the importance of 
asepsis. A superimposed infection 
tends to make blood vessel walls more 
friable and more fragile, thus increas- 
ing the danger of hemorrhage. 
Preventing and minimizing 
complications 
The hemophiliac faces two particu- 
lar problems as the outcome of hem- 
orrhage. The first, and possibly the 


most frequently encountered, is func- 
tional disability of joints affected by 
hemarthroses and hemophilic arthritis. 
Anemia, resulting from repeated or 
prolonged hemorrhage, is the second 
complication. 
Joint Damage 
The hemophiliac is prone to hem- 
arthroses of the large joints with 
subsequent disability resulting from 
destruction of fragile structures, bone 
deformity, shortening of ligaments, 
etc. 4 Special nursing care is required. 
The accumulation of blood around 
the joint causes pain which the patient 
tries to relieve by placing the limb in 
an unnatural position. To avoid per- 
manent distortion, this position is cor- 
rected as quickly as possible using 
splints, slings, etc. 
 
To increase the safety margin, the 
joint is kept at rest several days after 
hemorrhage has been arrested. On the 
other hand, muscles that become atro- 
phied from disuse frequently cause 
joint instability which, in turn, in- 
creases the likelihood of injury and 
hemorrhage. Progressive, appropriate 
exercises should be instituted under the 
direction of a physiatrist. Swimming 
is particularly beneficial for hemophil- 
iacs since it strengthens muscles in 
the limbs, especially those around large 
joints. 
Hemarthroses usually are quite pain- 
fuL Aspirin and similar compounds 
that the hemophiliac may take to re- 
lieve the pain cause capillary frag- 
ility and hence increase the danger of 
bleeding. 
Anemia 
To replace hemoglobin loss that ac- 
companies each bout of bleeding, the 
hemophiliac must have good reserves 
of iron. Otherwise, anemia and its 
attendant physical weakness increase 
the risk of complications in even minor 
hemorrhage. For this reason, the hemo- 
philiac should have a well-balanced 
diet, rich in iron. 
Psychological aspects 
The nurse should realize that the 
child's attitude toward his illness is 
influenced less by the condition itself 
than by the attitude of those in his 
environment. Certainly, hemophilia is 
a distressing disease. Anyone who has 
experienced a hemorrhage can appre- 
ciate how difficult it must be to live 
under the constant threat of bleeding. 
Overprotection, however, simply en- 
hances this sense of impending danger 
and may encourage effeminate man- 
ners and attitudes in the hemophiliac 
patient. Freedom from anxiety is a 
major concern in the psychological 
care of the hemophiliac. Dependency, 
aggression, and isolation also must be 
counteracted in these persons. 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 39 



, 


'" 


Freedom from anxiety 
This can be accomplished best 
through patient teaching. The individ- 
ual should be prepared to assume res- 
ponsibility for his own well-being. His 
confidence in the effectiveness of treat- 
ment should be built up. 
Safeguarding masculinity 
An extremely close mother-son re- 
lationship, or an intimate relationship 
with other females in his environment 
can be detrimental to the development 
of a masculine temperment in a boy 
who, through circumstances, must 
avoid physical force. Father-son rela- 
tionships, or those with other male 
relatives and friends, become corres- 
pondingly more important and should 
be as enriching as possible. It is equal- 
ly important to encourage the develop- 
ment of interests and hobbies that are 
masculine in nature but not physically 
harmful. 
Freedom from aggression 
Few restrictions as possible are 
placed on the activities of the hem- 
ophiliac child. He should be given an 
opportunity to rebel against his illness, 
his lot in life, etc. Suppressed aggres- 
sion may be handled positively by al- 
lowing the child to express his feelings 
through special projects, painting, mu- 
sic, literature, etc., rather than through 
physical force. So many areas of hu- 
man endeavor are open to him, that 
the opportunity to excel in some one 
activity can lead the handicapped per- 
son to a new sense of his own worth 
and mitigate feelings of frustration. 
40 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Increasing sociability 
Secure in a sense of his own value 
as a human being, an individual is 
better disposed toward cordial rela- 
tionships with his fellows. The next 
step is to encourage participation in 
those activities that involve interper- 
sonal exchanges: collections of all 
kinds, games, non-violent sports, such 
as swimming, fishing, boating, etc. 
Special assistance 
The Canadian Hemophilia Society 
provides valuable information for all 
who desire it. It also grants financial 
assistance to hemophiliacs in need. In 
addition, the Society encourages re- 
search into the illness and its treat- 
ment. 
.As soon as a hemophiliac and his 
parents become members of the Cana- 
dian Hemophilia Society, they are sent 
ample information concerning all as- 
pects of the condition. Certain points 
are stressed: 
I. The importance of seeking med- 
ical advice as soon as hemarthroses 
develop. 
2. The need for special dental care 
(even the loss of a milk tooth may 
lead to serious bleeding), regular 
check-ups, soft toothbrushes, extrac- 
tions under medical supervision only. 
3. The need for adequate profes- 
sional education since the hemophiliac 
must earn his living through intel- 
lectual rather than physical effort. 
4. The need for the hemophiliac 
to have a sense of his own worth and 


to excel in some field of endeavor. 
5. The importance of always car- 
rying the identification card issued by 
the Canadian Hemophilia Society. This 
will ensure adequate care in case of 
accident. 
Special centers for hemophiliac care 
are attached to hospitals in several 
large cities. One such department is 
at S1. Mary's Hospital, Montreal. 
Social service departments may help 
in the solution of a variety of prob- 
lems - financial, educational, rehabil- 
itative. 
The Bell Telephone Company of 
Canada offers communication services 
between home and school in some 
Canadian communities, for the benefit 
of children who cannot attend classes 
regularly. 
The Canada Manpower Division of 
the Department of Manpower and Im- 
migration can assist the hemophiliac 
person to find suitable employment. 
Some provincial employment services 
have a division for the handicapped. 


An optimistic note 
The optimistic note in the introduc- 
tion of this article could well be over- 
shadowed by the various words of 
warning that followed. Nevertheless, 
there is the conviction that the hemo- 
philiac can and should live life to 
the full, enjoying all the good things 
that it has to offer. Having faced his 
own physical limitations and taken 
the necessary precautions, the hemo- 
philiac person's hopes for the future 
can more easily and more surely be- 
come a reality. 
References 
I. Kerr, C. B. The management of haem- 
ophilia. Sydney, Australia, University of 
Sydney, 1961. 128 p. 
2. L'hémophilie de nos jours. Montreal, 
Merck, Sharpe and Dohme of Canada 
Ltd., 1962. 63 p. 
3. Delahal, E. Accidents de la transfusion. 
Soins 95: 623-27, July-August 1964. 
4. Cornn, P. Etat actuel du problème de 
l'hémophilie. Rel'ue de l'infirmière et 
de l'assistante socia/e. 16: 7: 609-616, 
July-September, 1966. 
5 La rehabilitation et les soins infirmiers 
à I'hôpital généraI. Montréal, Institut 
Marguerite d'Youville, 1965. p. 75-91. 
o 


JULY 1967 



Malignant conditions occurring 
about the head and neck frequently 
are treated with radiotherapy or sur- 
gery. Extirpation by surgery generally 
results in an unsightly defect that may 
limit the patient's ability to return to 
normal living. The loss of a nose, ear, 
or orbital contents usually cannot be 
repaired by plastic surgery; however, 
the part often can be replaced by a 
prosthesis. 
The Prosthetic Unit of the vivision 
of Rehabilitation Medicine, University 
of Toronto - a unit sponsored by the 
Ontario Cancer Treatment and Re- 
search Foundation - provides a ser- 
vice for patients who have sustained a 
facial defect as the result of cancer. 
Prosthetic restoration of the face is 
not a new concept. Man's desire to 
look human has created the need for 
replacement throughout the ages. Crude 
golden noses have been found in mum- 
mified remains of Egyptians kings and 
nobles. Nasal replacements made of 
lacquer have been used in India and 
China for over 2,000 years. Ambrose 
Paré, in the sixteenth century, designed 
prostheses of papier-mâché and leather 
to replace missing facial members. In 
addition, he prescribed intra-oral ap- 
pliances to cover perforations in the 
palate. 


Prosthetic fitting 
In the modern prosthesis the series 
of fittings necessary to restore a defect 
cause no distress to the patient. On his 
first visit an impression of the defect 
JULY 1967 


Prostheses for 
. 
cancer patients 


Modern prostheses make it possible to restore a patient's appearance 
to a degree that is socially acceptable. 


C. M Godfrey, B.A., M.D., and Stanley Brasier 


site is taken so that a positive plaster 
mould can be made. From this, the 
prosthesis is fabricated in wax. At a 
later visit, the prosthesis is tried on 
the defect and assessed for various 
factors, such as size, position, and 
symmetry. Prostheses are made initial- 
ly in wax so that at the trial stage any 
necessary alteration can be made quite 
easily. 
The final stage consists of forming a 
mould of the wax appliance so that it 
can be accurately reproduced and fin- 
ally finished in the material of choice. 


Soft material unsuitable 
Although one may rightly consider 
that facial prostheses should be made 
from a soft material, it is unfortunate 
that as yet no such material has been 
produced to meet the necessary re- 
quirements. Soft materials are not 
physically stable, with the result that a 
prosthesis may become distorted in a 
short while, thus rendering it ill-fitting. 
Color stability, a most important fac- 
tor, is usually not good, necessitating 
recoloring at frequent intervals. Be- 
cause of these shortcomings, soft ma- 
terials are not normally used in the 
making of facial prostheses. 
Hard materials, notably acrylic res- 
in, possess the qualities necessary in 
this work. Acrylic resin is the plastic 


Dr. Godfrey is Director, and Mr. Brasier 
is Prosthetist at the Prosthetic Unit. Divi- 
sion of Rehabilitation Medicine. University 
of Toronto, Toronto. Ontario. 


used in dentures, where it has proved 
its durability and stability over many 
years. Because it is physically stable 
and is able to retain its initial color, 
it is an ideal material for prosthetic 
use. Furthermore, it can be pigmented 
to any desired color or shade, and can 
be made to produce the multiplicity of 
tones that characterize human tissue. 


Ear prosthesis 
The loss of an ear is, perhaps, the 
least mutilating deformity. Neverthe- 
less, the patient feels incomplete and 
exhibits a state of imbalance, Figure 1 
shows typical loss of left ear from the 
anterior view. Figure 2 shows the 
acrylic resin restoration fitted to the 
patient, and illustrates how balance is 
restored. 
Where possible, facial appliances 
are attached to spectacles. Since this 
method of fixation cannot be applied 
successfully to an ear, use is made of 
a medical adhesive. A light film is ap- 
plied to the defect area and also to 
the fitting surface of the ear before 
placing it in position. Since this me- 
thod relies on the patient's ability to 
place the prosthesis accurately, it is 
avoided wherever possible. 
In addition to the esthetic consider- 
ations in restoring the ear, patients 
who wear spectacles are pleased to 
have the frame stability restored. In 
such cases an ear can be considered 
to have some complimentary function 
as well. If the patient possesses his 
hearing faculty on the defect side, pro- 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 41 



\
 


, 


Fig. 1: Anterior view of typical loss of 
ear, illustrating imbalance. 


Fig. 7: D.efect created by surgery 
following removal of malignant tumor. 


42 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


f 


Fig. 2: The artificial ear restored 
complete balance. 


f 



- 


"""" 


Fig. 8: A good cosmetic result may be 
achieved where the defect is not too 
large. 


\ 


... 


'- 


Fig. 3: Complete loss of nose and 
septum due to squamous cell 
carcinoma. 


vision is made for this in the prosthesis 
so that hearing is unimpared. 


Nose prosthesis 
Complete loss of nose, as illustrated 
in figure 3, is perhaps one of the most 
embarrassing defects. With the loss of 
such protrusive anatomy, the character 
of the face is completely destroyed, 
particularly in the lateral aspect shown 
in figure 4. It is essential, in such 
cases, to restore the patient's self- 
confidence, as well as his nose. 
When sculpturing a nose prosthesis, 
it is of great importance to keep the 
shape as near as possible a replica of 
the patient's original state. For this 
reason it is of considerable help if the 
patient can be seen preoperatively. An 
impression of the patient's own nose 
can be taken, and a perfect reproduc- 
tion made. Failing this, help often can 
be obtained from preoperative por- 
trait photographs of the patient or, in 
desperation, from the patient's own 
description (which, unfortunately, is 
often somewhat vague). 
An artificial nose is constructed in 
the form of a thin shell so that the 
weight factor can be kept as low as 
possible. This also helps in the matter 
of coloring, for while the correct color 
of a prosthesis is embodied in the 
process of molding, some touching up 
may be necessary when it is fitted to 
the patient. Being very thin, any fur- 
ther subtle coloring may be applied 
from behind, and subsequently sealed. 
Figures 5 and 6 show the patient 
with a prosthetic nose in position. This 
is firmly attached to the bridge of the 
spectacle frame; since the spectacles 
are fitted with special riding bow tem- 
ples that encircle the patient's ears, 
JULY 1967 



... 
.. . 


\. 


Fig. 4: Loss of nose in the lateral 
aspect destroys facial features. This is 
one of the most embarrassing defects. 


the nose is held snugly in its precise 
position. It is simple for the patient 
to apply his prosthesis by merely put- 
ting on his spectacles. 
Apart from providing suitable fix- 
ation for the prosthesis, spectacles of- 
fer other advantages. One of the big 
problems with a facial prosthesis is the 
concealment of edges, or junction 
lines; anything that helps in this direc- 
tion is of considerable aid. It will be 
noted in figure 5 that the spectacle 
bridge completely conceals the junc- 
tion of the nose in the upper bridge 
area. In addition, spectacles fulfill their 
normal function of correcting sight, for 
each patient is sent for a refraction. If 
necessary, corrective lenses are fitted 
to the spectacles; otherwise, pIano 
lenses suffice. 


Orbital exenteration 
Another type of defect that is com- 
monly encountered in cancer patients 
is orbital exenteration. Such a defect 
may be open or closed. A typical ex- 
ample of the latter variety is shown in 
figure 7. This exhibits collapsed tissue 
in the orbital region and is normally 
restored by the fitting of an orbital 
prosthesis. The demands of this type 
of prosthesis are more exacting inas- 
much as the eye, the lid, and any sur- 
rounding tissue area need to be care- 
fully restored. Accurate matching of 
iris color and size, pupil size, sclera 
color, and formation of blood vessels, 
etc., is observed, together with correct 
sculpturing of lid 
 curvature, all of 
which help to produce a life-like pros- 
thesis. 
Although special techniques are 
used to make junction lines as in- 
conspicuous as possible, the use of 
JULY 1967 


.... 


- 
- 


.. 



 


Fig. 5: The design of the prosthesis 
takes advantage of existing naso labial 
folds to further conceal junction lines. 


spectacles is again of considerable aid. 
Figure 8 shows how the periphery of 
the prosthesis has been made to coin- 
cide, approximately, with that of the 
lens rim. 
In the orbital prosthesis, the pros- 
thetic eye obviously looks straight 
ahead. Because of this, patients are 
trained in simulation techniques to 
"look" with their head, so that at all 
times the angle of vision of the sound 
eye remains parallel to that of the pros- 
thetic eye. Thus, the chances of detec- 
tion by an observer are lessened, in 
most cases. 
The above methods of training are 
unnecessary in the case of loss of eye, 
for an artificial eye can be fitted to ex- 
hibit an acceptable degree of move- 
ment. This is made possible by the 
muscular movement of the posterior 
wall of the socket. Motion may also be 
aided by the use of a spherical implant 
which, in suitable cases, is sometimes 
inserted permanently at operation. 
The glass eye of the past has been 
superseded by the use of acrylic, and 
provides many advantages - notably 
freedom from accidental breakage, and 
longer life. The fitted artificial eye is 
worn with complete comfort because 
of the dense and highly polished sur- 
face that is characteristic of acryJic res- 
in. 
While the facial defects described 
typify the main types, partial defects 
of ear and nose are also encountered, 
and can be restored accordingly. On the 
other hand, an open orbital exentera- 
tion may embrace a considerable area 
of adjacent cheek, or even include the 
loss of nose. Under such circumstances 
a very extensive prosthesis is necessi- 
tated to restore normal appearance. 


; 
l 


Fig. 6: The character of the face is 
restored in this lateral view of the 
fined prosthesis. 


Intra-oral prosthesis 
In addition to external defects, in- 
tra-oral deformities of the jaw, such as 
maxillectomies, are treated. Such de- 
fects affect the functions of eating, 
drinking, and speaking. Although these 
defects cannot be seen, they cause con- 
siderable distress to the patient. Spe- 
cially designed intra-oral prostheses are 
fitted, which restore these functions al- 
most to normal. 
Patients range from babies of a few 
months - usually with loss of eye or 
eyes due to retinal blastoma - to per- 
sons age 91. Many patients, therefore, 
need continuing treatment at varying 
intervals because of changing condi- 
tions of the defect, further surgery, or 
replacement prosthesis. 


Summary 
The foregoing has shown how dis- 
figured cancer patients can be restor- 
ed in appearance and rehabilitated to 
the point where they can mix in every- 
day society without feeling an object 
of curiosity. Many patients are cap- 
able of working, and in some instances 
the fitting of a facial prosthesis is 
often the deciding factor on the ques- 
tion of their being accepted. 
In addition to fitting the patient with 
a prosthetic replacement, the Rehabili- 
tation Unit, which is located in The 
Princess Margaret Hospital Lodge, 
Toronto, offers other facilities that help 
the patient to return to his normal ac- 
tivities. Speech re-training, physical 
therapy, and social or vocational as- 
sistance are available services. The On- 
tario Cancer Treatment and Research 
Foundation provides these services 
free-of-charge to the cancer patient. 0 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 43 



Programmed instruction 
- can we use it? 


Programmed instruction, first named 
by Dr. B. F. Skinner in 1954, is based 
on teaching techniques that date to 
the time of Socrates. Four ingredients 
of good teaching that were inherent in 
the Socratic method and are found in 
programmed learning are outlined by 
Geis and Anderson: 
I. The material is presented in 
small bits so that one piece builds on 
the previous one. 
2. The student interacts with the 
material. 
3. The information is reinforced by 
confirmation of responses. 
4. It allows the student to pro- 
ceed at his own rate of learning. 1 
The difference between the Socratic 
method and programmed instruction, 
according to Geis and Anderson, is 
that the latter provides a permanent 
record for future reference by both 
the student and the teacher. The So- 
cratic technique, which was largely 
verbal, was carried forward to pro- 
gramming as a result of Thorndike's 
stimulus-response theory advanced in 
the 1890's and Skinner's theory of 
reinforcement. 


Frames build knowledge 
All programmed material is present- 
ed in the form of small blocks of in- 
formation (frames) strung together in a 
logical sequence to allow the student 
to build his knowledge as he proceeds 
from frame to frame. Each frame 
presents a small piece of information 
followed by a question pertaining to 
44 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


This method is effective only if the instructor understands its use and is 
convinced of its value. 


R. Roslyn Klaiman 


that particular information. 
After studying the information in 
the frame, the student answers the 
question and then verifies his answer 
before proceeding to the next frame. 
The question is worded so that he is 
required either to write an answer or 
to choose one of several answers pro- 
vided. An incorrect response to the 
question is immediately relayed to the 
student and allows him to relearn the 
material before compounding his er- 
ror. Similarly, he is informed imme- 
diately of correct responses. 
In some programs the student is 
redirected to additional reference ma- 
terial or information within the pro- 
gram itself if he makes an error in 
a frame; or, he may be directed to 
proceed more rapidly than the numer- 
ical order of the frames indicate if 
he responds correctly. In this way 
he actively interacts with the material, 
reinforces his learning, and can and 
does proceed at his own rate. 
Studies have revealed that students 
generally cover course content more 
rapidly and with greater thoroughness 
through the use of a good program 
than through other instructional me- 


Miss Klaiman. a graduate of the Jewish 
General Hospital School of Nursing. Mon- 
treal. and McGill University. is instructor at 
the Ryerson Poly technical Institute Nursing 
Course in Toronto. She is interested in 
hearing from persons who have used pro- 
grammed instruction themselves or who 
have developed their own programs. 


thods. Any program, however, is only 
as good as the knowledge and teach- 
ing sequence within it; a poor program 
teaches in the same way as a poor 
teacher. 


Types of programs 
The presentation of programmed 
material follows one of several designs 
(paradigms) in either a text or a 
"teaching machine." The paradigm and 
media used depend upon the prefer- 
ence of the programmer and on the 
material to be presented. Generally, 
today's programmed nursing content 
appears in text form. Irrespel:tive of 
the paradigm or media used. the four 
ingredients outlined above are strictly 
adhered to. 
Skinner employs a method of pres- 
entation known as linear or extrinsic 
programming. The material is pres- 
ented sequentially through frames com- 
posed of short items, followed by a 
question to which the student is re- 
quired to construct an answer. Each 
student proceeds through the program 
in exactly the same order. An entire 
program (course) may consist of 1,500 
or more frames. 
The second basic paradigm, devel- 
oped in 1959 by Norman Crowder, is 
known as branching or instrinsic pro- 
gramming. Here, the student is pres- 
ented with the information in a short 
frame as in the linear program, but 
instead of constructing an answer to 
the question, he is provided with alter- 
native answers from which he chooses 


JULY 1967 



one. Each answer chosen leads to an- 
other frame that either informs him 
that he is correct and directs him to 
the next sequence, or informs him 
that his answer is incorrect and re- 
turns him to the original frame or 
offers additional information before 
directing him to the next sequence. 
The branching paradigm allows the 
student to make an error, indicating 
his need for further information which 
is then provided. In a branching pro- 
gram the sequence followed differs 
with each student. 
Lysaught and Williams have defined 
the basic difference between these two 
main paradigms: "Students using linear 
programs will proceed to a subsequent 
item regardless of the correctness or 
incorrectness of their responses; in in- 
trinsic programs, the student will be 
directed to diverse items as a result of 
the correctness or incorrectness of his 
response."2 
Many of the newer programs now 
available contain elements of both 
linear and branching techniques. The 
values of programming have been sum- 
marized by Stolurow who says: "One 
can consider the communication pro- 
cess between the teaching machine 
(program) and the learner as anal- 
agous to that taking place when a stu- 
dent is taught with the Socratic method 
by a live teacher ... In the typical 
teaching machine program the learn- 
er responds frequently; he is trans- 
formed from a passive receiver into 
an active participant in the teaching- 
learning process.":J 
Does not replace teacher 
Programmed instruction ;s not a 
testing device; nor is it a method to 
replace the teacher. However, pro- 
gramming may be used to assist in 
testing, since its nature depends upon 
carefully outlined objectives to pro- 
duce a comprehensive sequence. The 
teacher then can use these objectives 
to prepare tests that are based on 
the knowledge acquired through the 
program. Used wisely, programs can 
free the teacher from the lectern in 
certain areas of curriculum presenta- 
tion, but will never replace her in 
JULY 1967 


l 


" 


) 
.' 


-, 
- 


'It 
, 


" 


, 
, 


\\ \, 


" \ 


J 


- 


- 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 45 



How to Work with a Program 


The sample page presents a teaching sequence commonly known as 
programming. Each block on the page is a "frame" with the accompanying 
answer found in the shaded left-hand column. To work with this program, use 
a piece of paper, a ruler or some similar item as a mask to cover the left hand 
column. Read frame No.1 and answer the question; move your mask to check 
the answer; if you are correct, proceed to frame No.2. Proceed through the 
program in this manner. Check each answer before carrying on with subsequent 
frames. 


programmed instruction 


1. 


Programmed instruction is a new teaching tech- 
nique based on methods proven since the time 
of Socrates. 


A new teaching technique based on old and 
tested methods is called 


frame 


2. 


The material in a program is presented in small 
steps commonly called frames. 


The presentation of small bits of information in 
a program is known as a 


information (or material) question 


3. 


Each frame presents some information and asks 
a question about that piece of information. 


if you made an error, return 
to Frame No.2 and start again. 


A frame is composed of small steps of 
plus a 


linear, extrinsic 


10. The programming paradigm designed by Dr. B. 
F. Skinner is called linear or extrinsic program- 
ming because each student follows the program 
in the same manner. 
Skinner's paradigm is known as 


or 


programming. 


branching, intrinsic 


11. Branching or intrinsic programming was devel- 
oped by Dr. N. Crowder. This paradigm allows 
each learner scope to choose alternative routes 
through the program. 
Crowder's paradigm is known as 


or . ... 


programming. 


linear (or extrinsic) (Sample of review frame) 


12. The programming paradigm presented on this 


If you made an error, review Frames 8-10 
before proceeding. 


page is 


programming. 


46 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


JULY 1967 



assIstmg the learning process of the 
student. Furthermore, programmed in- 
struction is not a panacea designed 
to cure the ills of education. 
Programs can be used to teach con- 
cepts as well as facts; indeed, there 
are some programs on the market that 
introduce the underlying principles of 
technical skills. Good programming 
can be used in most areas of nursing 
curricula, the main exception being 
skills that can be learned only through 
practice. 


Pros and cons 
Not all educators agree that pro- 
grammed learning is a useful tech- 
nique. Here is a summary of opposing 
views on programming: 
Argument: The technique was de- 
veloped through experiments carried 
out on laboratory animals, and there- 
fore is not useful for man. 
Answer: Programmed learning is 
based on old and tested theories and 
practices used in education. 
Argument: A greater interest is 
placed on learning theories than on 
the learner. 
Answer: No program is considered 
complete until it has been approved 
by the learner. There is always con- 
tinual research and revision. 
Argument: Teaching machines dis- 
play mere love of gadgetry. 
Answer: Machines are merely one 
method of presenting a program and 
do not in themselves teach. 
Argument: Programming will re- 
place the teacher and remove the hu- 
man element from education. 
Answer: Programming is a teaching 
sequence that assists the teacher, e.g., 
may be used to present material on 
which the teacher can build. 
Argument: Students do not use 
creative thinking in working with pro- 
grammed material. 
Answer: Programs may be designed 
to stimulate creative thinking. 
Argument: Students' individual needs 
are not recognized; programming is 
depersonalized teaching. 
Answer: Programs are developed on 
the basis of student objectives, thus 
resulting in better teaching methods. 
Students proceed through a program 
at their own rate; teachers are avail- 
able for individual assistance. 


Evaluating a program 
Before the instructor accepts a pro- 
gram for use within her course, she 
must evaluate it carefully. She can 
look at the format and base her evalu- 
ation on the following points: 
1. Does the author list the group 
of people for whom the program was 
developed? 
This is a major point. Since pro- 
JULY 1967 


grams should be based on student ob- 
jectives, they are suitable only for 
that group for which they were design- 
ed. For example, a program developed 
for nursing assistants probably would 
not contain sufficient information for 
diploma nursing students. Unless the 
author clearly indicates the group for 
which the program was designed, the 
user runs the risk of employing an 
unsuitable program. 
2. Are the objectives of the pro- 
gram stated? 
This information enables the in- 
structor to decide whether the pro- 
gram will be useful for her students. 
3. Does the author say when the 
testing and revisions were made? 
(Specifically, does she sayan which 
group the program was tested? How? 
The results? The number of revisions 
made?) 
Since programming is a teaching 
sequence, it requires numerous test- 
ings on groups similar to the group 
for which it was designed, and rev- 
isions made accordingly. Only in this 
way can the programmer be assured 
that the program will teach. 
4. Does content correspond to ob- 
jectives of the course for which it will 
be used? 
If an instructor plans to use a pro- 
gram to replace or augment course 
content, then the objectives for that 
course must be satisfied by the pro- 
gram content. On the other hand, 
should the program be used to offer 
a new view, the instructor must have 
this objective in mind. 
5. Does the length of the program 
fit in with the time available? 
Since students proceed through a 
program at their own rate of learning, 
they must be pennitted sufficient time 
to work with it. This may be allotted in 
class hours, or left to the students' 
discretion. However, if the program 
is used to cover, for example, one hour 
of class time, but is designed to delve 
fully into the topic, thereby requiring 
more than an hour, this would be un- 
realistic. 
6. Will the program teach, that 
is, does the framing follow a logical 
sequence without too much or too little 
repetition? 
Initially, the best way to evaluate 
this is for the instructor to work 
through the program and check her 
reactions to the frames. If she finds 
the material cumbersome or lacking 
in sequence, then the student would 
undoubtedly find it more so. Too much 
repetition or too frequent elicitation of 
the identical response results in bore- 
dom. Similarly, too little repetition, 
particularly in areas to be memorized, 
prevents adequate learning. 
7. Can the program be used for 


review and/or reference? 
This self-explanatory point is partic- 
ularly useful for programs employed 
to augment, rather than introduce, 
course content. 
Finally, before deciding to employ 
a program fully, the instructor should 
carry out her own testing on a class 
or a group of students. This can be 
done by pre- and post-testing, and 
comparing the results to those of 
former classes who were taught by 
other methods. 
Affirmative responses to these 
points assure the instructor of a good 
program. A negative answer to any 
point requires a careful reassessment 
of the program's quality.. 


Summary 
Programmed instruction can be used 
successfully if the program is used 
as an aid, rather than as an end; if 
it is used to supplement and not re- 
place the teacher; if it is useful for re- 
medial work or for the enrichment of 
instruction, rather than as the sale 
instrument; if the teacher reexamines 
her methods and modifies and coordin- 
ates them with the program; and if 
the program is carefully evaluated in 
terms of the seven points outlined 
above. 
Programming is a useful adjunct to 
teaching techniques. The excitement 
experienced by students when they en- 
counter a good program not only in- 
fluences their learning, but stimulates 
their curiosity about the subject. The 
teacher then works with a group of 
informed students who want to learn 
more about the subject at hand. This 
is a far cry from the often onerous 
task of lecturing to a group of students 
in an attempt to interest a few. 
References 
I. Geis, George and Anderson, Maja. Pro- 
grammed instruction in nursing educa- 
tion, part I. Nurs. Outlook, II :592-4, 
August, 1963. 
2. Lysaught, Jerome P., and Williams, Gar- 
ence M., A Guide to Programmed In- 
struction. New York, John Wiley and 
Sons, Inc., 1963. p. 86. 
3. Stolurow, Lawrence M., Teaching by 
Machine. Washington, U.S. Government 
Printing Office, 1963, p. 60. 


Bibliography av..ilable on request from The 
Canadian Nurse, 50 The Driveway, Ottawa 
4, Ontario. 0 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 47 



Sex knowledge of prospective 
teachers and graduate nurses 


Studies indicate that young people 
today do not have reliable, accurate 
information about sex and that many 
misconceptions are still widely held. 
Currant, for example, has reported on 
the misconceptions of 12-to 16-year- 
old male sex delinquents in the adoles- 
cent ward of Bellevue Psychiatric Hos- 
pital. Vincent 2 investigated the back- 
ground of unwed mothers and found 
that, for many, inaccurate information 
was accompanied by the attitude that 
sex was dirty and vulgar. A sociologi- 
cal study of 600 middle-class teenagers 
in New York City Social Hygiene Clin- 
ics:! revealed that only 42 percent had 
any knowledge of venereal disease. 
Students with similar educational 
background have been questioned 
about human sexuality. Lief4 found 
that, on the average, students entering 
medical school, when compared to 
other students with a similar amount of 
education, had the same misconcep- 
tions regarding sex. Greenbank 5 re- 
ported that half the graduates of a 
Philadelphia medical school thought 
that masturbation frequently caused 
mental illness. In addition, he found 
that one out of every five faculty mem- 
bers in the same school also held the 
misconception. Sheppe and Hain 6 dis- 
covered that, on a sex knowledge in- 
ventory, freshmen in law and in medi- 
cine had similar scores but that senior 
medical students scored higher than 
their law counterparts. They noted, 
however, that senior medical students 
still missed 10 out of 80 questions on 
48 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


In this study, the author suggests that both prospective teachers and graduate 
nurses need to be taught the basic facts about sex before being expected 
to teach them to others. 


Anne McCreary-Juhasz, Ph.D. 


a questionnaire designed for lay per- 
sons with average education. 
There is a great deal of discussion 
in schools today about the possibility 
of including sex education in the cur- 
riculum. In a survey of teachers in 
British Columbia 7 in 1963, 182 of 
the 197 teachers thought that this topic 
should be on the curriculum, with two- 
thirds of them indicating that teachers 
should be responsible for this instruc- 
tion. Should this occur, then students 
training to be teachers would have to 
be prepared to teach this subject. 
Purposes of study 
The purposes of the study were: 1. 
to determine how well-informed educa- 
tion students were on selected physio- 
logical aspects of sex; and 2. to evalu- 
ate the adequacy of their knowledge in 
the light of the possibility that they 
might be expected to convey this in- 
formation to children. Scores of gradu- 
ate nurses provided the standard of 
adequacy. 


The questionnaire 
A questionnaire was drawn up con- 
sisting of 30 multiple-choice items for 
which the respondent was instructed to 
select the best answer. All choices 
were either plausible answers or com- 
monly-held misconceptions. The latter 
were selected from the questions most 


Dr. Juhasz is Associate Professor, Faculty 
of Education, University of British Colum- 
bia, Vancouver, British Columbia. 


frequently asked by teenagers attend- 
ing a series of lectures conducted by a 
medical doctor in British Columbia on 
the physiology of sex. The best answer 
was agreed upon by a team of three 
doctors. Topics included on the ques- 
tionnaire were: venereal disease, con- 
ception, contraception, menstruation, 
masturbation, menopause, puberty, 
nocturnal emissions, and structure and 
function of the sexual orQ:ans. 
The questionnaire was given to a 
sample group of 40 freshmen at the 
University of British Columbia. These 
students were directed to underline all 
unknown words and ask questions and 
make comments about unclear items 
or responses. The following words 
were underlined (in order of frequen- 
cy): circumcision, hysterectomy, hy- 
men, masturbation, criterion, corre- 
lated. puberty, abstinence, genitalia, va- 
gina, and semen. 
The revised inventory either omitted 
unknown terms or included definitions 
of them within the test. Thus, it could 
be assumed that students were not 
being tested on vocabulary but on the 
extent of their information. Adequate 
knowledge of the physiological aspects 
of sex does not necessarily guarantee 
specific behavior. In addition, mea- 
surement of progress on a longitudinal 
scale is unrealistic since the definition 
of progress differs from individual to 
individual in time and place. However, 
content validity was established 
through the consensus of three experts. 
One hundred and sixty university 
JULY 1967 



students completed the questionnaire 
twice with an interval between testing. 
The resulting coefficient of reliability 
using the test-retest method was .81, 
which is a relatively high level of re- 
liability. 
Method 
The questionnaire was administered 
to the 75 graduate nurses who were 
working either for a bachelor's degree 
or a diploma in nursing at the Univer- 
sity of British Columbia in March, 
1966. This total sample included both 
male and female subjects. Also, a 
stratified sample was drawn from (a) 
male and female freshman students, 
and (b) all students in each of the 
years in the Faculty of Education at 
the same university. A total of 365 
male and 528 female students was in 
this sample. Of these, 433 were pre- 
paring to be elementary school 
teachers; 325 were preparing to be sec- 
ondary school teachers; and 135 
freshmen were from other faculties. 
There were 144 first-year students, 
239 second-year students, 234 third- 
year students, III fourth-year students 
and 165 fifth-year and graduate stu- 
dents. 
Raw scores and percentages were 
calculated. In addition, scores of 
freshmen and education students were 
grouped according to placement in the 
first, second, third and fourth quarter, 
based on the nurses' scores and, for 
each quarter, the percentage of the to- 
tal was obtained. 
Results 
The distribution of scores for the 
75 nurses is shown in Table I, with 
percentile ranks for each score. From 
this distribution there were a mean of 
25.6, median of 26, and mode of 25. 
Quartile one was 25, quartile two was 
26, and quartile three was 27. 
On the average, nurses missed one 
item in six with two-thirds of them 
missing one item in 10. Analysis of 
the responses to various items showed 
that 59 of the 75 nurses (79 percent) 
answered the following question incor- 
rectly: "For which sex and at which 
age does masturbation occur most fre- 
quently?" Fifty-five percent answered 
the following question incorrectly: 
"What does an unbroken hymen usual- 
ly indicate?" 
When incorrect responses were 
grouped into broad categories and the 
number of inaccurate responses within 
a category averaged, the following top- 
ics had the highest percentages of 
nurses giving incorrect responses: ho- 
mosexuality (31 percent), masturbation 
(31 percent) and male reproductive 
organs (19 percent). When incorrect 
responses were classified under infor- 
JULY 1967 


Raw Fre- Per- Percentile 
Score quency centage Rank 
30 1% 100 
29 6 8 99 
28 5 7 91 
27 I3 17 84 
26 15 20 67 
25 17 23 47 
24 10 13 24 
23 3 4 11 
22 0 0 7 
21 4 5 7 
20 


Table I. 
Distribution of Scores and Percentile Ranks 
of Graduate Nurses on a Sex Knowledge 
Test 


mation about the male or the female, 
incorrect responses were given for 8 
questions about females and for 13 
questions about males. 
In Table II, the distribution of 
scores for male and female education 
and freshman students is shown. (Per- 
centages have been rounded off.) For 
this distribution of scores, the mean 
was 23, the median 25, the mode 24. 
Quartile one was 22, and quartile 
three was 27. On the average, these 
students missed one question in four 
compared to the nurses one in six. 
More than 60 percent of the students 
had scores in the lowest quarter based 
on the nurses' scores and 13 percent 
of the students had lower scores than 
any nurse. 
For purposes of comparison, all 
other scores were grouped into first, 
second, third and fourth quarters ac- 
cording to standards set by the nurses. 
For analysis of item response, ques- 
tions were grouped into main topics. 
Eighty-three percent of the students 
had scores judged to be inadequate 
on questions dealing with venereal dis- 
ease. In the first quarter also were 
60 percent of the student scores on 
conception and 54 percent of the 
scores on masturbation. 
Table III shows the percentage of 
the students in each year and in each 
department who had scores in each 
quarter. In all cases there was a higher 
percentage of female students than 
males in the lowest quarter with a high 
of 86 percent of the freshmen and a 
low of 54 percent of the fifth-year fe- 
male scores there. Sixty-nine percent 


of all females scored in the lowest 
quarter. On the other hand, only 7 
percent of all females had scores in the 
top quarter. Males were better in- 
formed than females. In the first quar- 
ter, male percentages ranged from 45 
percent to 81 percent with an average 
of 60 percent in the lowest quarter and 
19 percent in the fourth quarter. 
Only 24 percent of the males and 
7 percent of the females in elementary 
education, and 22 percent of the males 
and 10 percent of the females in secon- 
dary education, had scores in the 
fourth quarter, while approximately 60 
percent of all prospective elementary 
teachers and 54 percent of the second- 
ary education students in the sample 
had scores in the lowest quarter. 


Discussion 
In interpreting the above results the 
following limitations are recognized: 
I. Results are based on data gather- 
ed from a voluntary sample of fresh- 
men and education students and grad- 
uate nurses and apply to this group 
only. 
2. For purposes of comparison, 
scores have been grouped into those 
that fall in each of the four quarters 
on the distribution of nurses' scores. 
[n this study it is assumed that stu- 
dents whose scores fall in the first quar- 
ter have inadequate information and 
that only students whose scores fall 
above the second quartile have even 
a fair degree of knowledge, while those 
in the fourth quarter might have ade- 
quate knowledge for a prospective 
teacher. 
3. The questionnaire contained only 
30 items and thus information about 
all categories may be less than is de- 
sirable. However, this initial study 
should reveal areas where further re- 
search is needed. 
4. A high score on this question- 
naire does not necessarily mean that 
an individual will be able to teach this 
material satisfactorily. 
As anticipated, the nurses averaged 
higher scores than either education 
students or freshmen, missing one 
question in six compared to one in 
four. Compared to the medical stu- 
dents in the Sheppe and Hain study, 
the nurses' scores were lower. For all 
groups, however, masturbation was a 
topic on which many students were 
misinformed. The fact that nurses had 
more correct information about fe- 
males than about males may bear a di- 
rect relationship to the amount of in- 
formation commonly available on the 
physiology of the male and the female. 
In general, it appears that members 
of the nursing profession do not have 
complete knowledge of the essentials 
needed for instruction in the physiol- 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 49 



Raw Percentile Number of Percentage of 
Iscore Rank Students Students 
based on 
nurses scores female male female male total 
30 100 6 4 1% 1% 1% 
29 99 9 21 2 6 3 
28 91 22 42 4 12 8 
27 84 61 41 12 11 11.5 
26 67 65 39 12 11 11.5 
25 47 52 46 10 13 11.5 
24 24 75 36 14 10 12 
23 II 58 33 II 9 10 
22 7 46 18 9 5 7 
21 7 39 22 7 6 6.5 
20 I 29 15 5 4 4.5 
10-19 - 66 48 13 13 13 


Table II 
Distribution of Scores and Percentile Ranks on the Sex Knowledge 
Test: Numbers and Percentage of Male and Female Students 


ogy of sex, that is, information that 
every individual by the age of puberty 
should have gathered. 
Students in education did not score 
as high as nurses in general, and fresh- 
man students scored much lower than 
other students. A larger percentage of 
males than females had high scores. 
The greatest lack of knowledge was 
on the subject of venereal disease, and 
more than half the students had low 
scores on questions dealing with mas- 
turbation and conception. 
It is obvious, that when measured 
against nurses' scores on a test com- 
prised of items that should be common 
knowledge to any literate person in 
our society, students in the faculty of 
education generally had inadequate 
knowledge. This would be especially 
relevant should it become the respon- 
sibility of the school to see that stu- 
dents are provided with sex informa- 
tion during their years in elementary 
or secondary school. 


Conclusion 
In this study, four-fifths of the stu- 
dents who had graduated from high 
school and were now university fresh- 
men had inadequate knowledege of the 
physiology of sex anò held many mis- 
conceptions, especially about venereal 
disease, masturbation and conception. 
Thus, one could assume that accurate 
information was not available to stu- 
dents of elementary and secondary 
SO THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Fourth Third Second First 
Quarter Quarter Quarter Quarter 
(28-30) (27) (26) (25) 
fe- fe- fe- fe- 
male male male male male male male male 
eJ. ed. 24% 7% 13% 10% 13% 14% 50% 69% 
sec. ed. 22 10 12 16 11 11 45 63 
other 3 4 8 8 8 5 81 83 
1st yr. 3 2 9 8 9 4 79 86 
2nd yr. 26 6 8 14 8 13 58 67 
3rd yr. 14 5 15 9 11 14 60 72 
4th yr. 24 16 4 11 13 14 59 59 
5th/grad. 26 14 15 19 I3 13 46 54 
total 19 7 11 12 11 12 60 69 
average (13) ( 11.5) (11.5) ( 11.5) 


Table 3 
Percentage of Male and Female Students by Year and Faculty 
Who Scored in Each Quarter on the Sex Knowledge Test 


school age represented by this sample. 
Three-fifths of the female and one- 
half of the male students in the sam- 
ple who were training to be teachers 
scored in the lowest quarter. These 
people would not have even the es- 
sential factual information necessary 
for instructing in sex knowledge. In 
addition, the nurses in the study ave- 
raged one incorrect response in six. 
This is considered inadequate know- 
ledge for person
 in this field. 
It would appear, then, that both 
prospective teachers and nurses should 
be taught the basic facts about sex, if 
only to improve their own educational 
background on an essential topic. How- 
ever, results of this study suggest 
that the school may have to assume 
responsibility for education in this 
area. The physiology of sex is, of 
course, only one aspect; but it is the 
easiest to present, and is basic to un- 
derstanding the psychological and so- 
ciological implications that should be 
presented in any course dealing with 
sex. 


References 
I. Curran. F.J. Psychotherapeutic problems 
at puberty. The American Journal of 
Orthopsychiatry, 10:510-521, July, 1940. 
2. Vincent, C.E. Unmarried mothers. New 
York, Free Press, 1961. 
3. U. S. Communicable Disease Center. 
Teenagers and venereal disease. Atlanta, 
Ga., 1961. 


4. Lief, H. Orientation of future physicians 
in psychosexual attitudes. In Calderone 
M. S. (ed.), Manual of contraceptive 
practice. Baltimore, Williams and Wil- 
kins, 1963. p.104-1I9. 
5. Greenbank, R. K. Are medical students 
learning psychiatry? Pennsylvania Med- 
ical Journal, 64:989-992, 1961. 
6. Sheppe. Wm., Jr. and Hain, J. D. Sex 
and the medical student. The Journal 
of Medical Education, 41:5:457-464, 
May, 1966. 
7. McCreary, Anne P. Sex instruction for 
B.C. schools. The B.C. Teachers, 43:4: 
163-166, January, 1964. 0 


JULY 1967 



books 


Simplüied Arithmetic for Nurses 
by Esther M. McClain, R.N.. B.S., B.A., 
M.S. 108 pages. 1966. A W.B. Saunders 
publication, available in Canada from 
McAinsh and Co. Ltd., Toronto and 
Vancouver. 
Reviewed by Mrs. W. Wishlow, instruc- 
tor, Royal Columbian Hospital School 
of Nursing, New Westminster, B.C. 


This 100-page, paperback book would 
serve well as an arithmetic text for students, 
or it could be used only by the instructor 
as a guide in teaching arithmetic. It would 
also serve as a handy text to help the indi- 
vidual student who has difficulty in mas- 
tering this subject. 
The author prefaces the text with the 
premise that a fundamental knowledge of 
simple arithmetic remains with the student 
as a result of sound elementary teaching 
in this subject. She presumes that a very 
brief review of this knowledge will increase 
the student's skill in using numbers. She 
states that the chief difficulties in arith- 
metic in nursing are concerned with division 
of fractions and decimals, multiplication 
and division by 10, 100, 1000, etc., ratio 
and proportion, and changing numbers 
from one form to another - e.g. percent- 
ages to decimals, fractions, or ratio. Only 
one lesson is devoted to clearing up any 
difficulties that the student might have 
involving the above manipulation of num- 
bers! 
In the preface the author states: "Ac- 
curacy is concerned with performing each 
detail correctly, such as labeling quantities, 
putting decimal points in proper places, and 
calculating without making errors. Skill is 
concerned with speed in calculation, with 
rapid analysis of the problem and sure- 
ness of method. Skill depends upon suffi- 
cient practice to insure proficiency in the 
field of numbers." 
Sufficient problems are provided through- 
out the book to enable the student to 
become accurate and skillful in solving 
arithmetic problems related to nursing. Pre- 
sentation of material is logical and well 
planned. No provision is made for labora- 
tory work of any type but it is presumed 
that the teacher will use available facilities 
and equipment to make practice problems 
applicable to actual situations. Demonstra- 
tions by teacher and students may be easily 
planned to meet the needs of the nursing 
student. 
The book offers a good presentation of 
both apothecaries' and metric systems with 
many excellent diagrams to accompany 
these tables. The diagrams should help the 
JULY 1967 


student obtain the "mental picture" of all 
those elusive amounts that seem so vague 
to her when she first begins her struggle 
with grains, grams, minims, and milliliters. 
There is no mention made of the imperial 
system. 
The apothecaries' and metric systems are 
dealt with in one lesson each. The lesson 
following these is on household measures 
and approximate equivalents. The fourth 
lesson on weights and measures may be 
used as a review or test on these tables 
and offers an excellent opportunity to stress 
the importance of knowledge, neatness, and 
accuracy - all of which are so important 
in a course of this type. 
Eleven different types of problems are 
then presented in a series of lessons, each 
of which follows a similar plan: outline 
of the lesson, objectives, review of the 
previous lessons, explJnation of new mater- 
ial, practice problems, and assignment re- 
lated to the new material. 
Only one method, solving by formula, 
is given for each type of problem. The 
author does not confuse the student by of- 
fering more than a few very simple for- 
mulas. 
A simple explanation of each formula 
is given and its application demonstrated, 
and although the student is required to use 
the formula method for solving all prob- 
lems, this is not just blind memorization, 
for with each practice problem, she is 
asked to explain why she reasons thus. The 
words "think" and "tell why" occur over 
and over again in each lesson. 
There are many points about this book 
that will appeal to instructors who teach 
arithmetic. 
I. The number of problems in the prac- 
tice sections and in the assignments never 
exceeds sixteen. This will provide sufficient 
intelligent repetition to ensure that each 
student attains a high level of skill and 
accuracy. 
2. Simplicity is stressed - accuracy and 
skill are the main objectives. 
3. Two well-placed review lessons could 
serve as mid-term tests or exams. 
4. The last lesson is composed of three 
final tests designed to test the pupil's 
knowledge of the entire course. 
5. Answers are provided to all practice 
problems, assignments, and tests. 
6. Several pages at the back of the book 
are left blank for special notes and memos. 
7. The appendix entitled "Interesting and 
Intriguing Manipulations with Numbers" 
could perhaps be used as a happy climax 
to the course. It attempts to prove that 
numbers can be fun and relaxing! 


Nurse's Guide to 
dures, 2d ed., 
M.A.M.T. (ASCP) 
New York, 1967. 
Reviewed by Miss Evelyn Adam, instruc- 
tor, Institut Marguerite d'Y ouvil/e, Mon- 
treal. 


Diagnostic Proce- 
Ruth M. French, 
313p. McGraw-Hili, 


This attractive and useful little book has 
been written for student and graduate 
nurses alike. The author states that the 
book is the result of numerous questions 
from nurses. She points out that one of 
the nurse's functions is to help the patient 
help himself and that this type of assistance 
often takes the form of intelligent answers 
to a patient's questions about diagnostic 
tests. 
The author's long experience as a medi- 
cal technologist makes her an expert on this 
subject. She establishes a distinction between 
her field and that of the medical techni- 
cian and the laboratory technician. 
The first section contains detailed infor- 
mation on various laboratory tests. The 
second portion deals with radiology and 
radioisotope investigations. Subjects such 
as pneumoencephalography and ventricu- 
lography, for which nurses often consult 
reference books, are mentioned only briefly. 
Several diagrams and a 12-page glossary 
add to the value of the book. At the end 
of each chapter, the author lists additional 
sources of reference, which include profes- 
sional nursing journals. This encourages the 
reader to make further investigations in his 
particular field. 


Essentials of Psychiatric Nursing, 7 ed., 
by Dorothy Mereness, R.N., Ed.D., and 
Louis J. Karnosh, B.S., Sc.D., M.D. 320 
pages. Saint Louis, Mosby, 1966. 
Reviewed by Mrs. Mary Abt, supervisor, 
inservice education, Alberta Hospital, Pon- 
oka, Alberta. 


The seventh edition of this text has 
introduced some changes that increase its 
value. Its major limitation is the omis- 
sion of a consideration of the adolescent 
in the psychiatric setting. 
Four notable changes have been made: 
1. Case reports have been developed with 
emphasis on the importance of under- 
standing the behavior of the patient. This 
change makes the presentation more mean- 
ingful to nurses. 2. A new chapter, "Be- 
havior disorders occurring as a result of 
aging," has been added but contains no 
new concepts or material. 3. The section on 
(Continued on page 52) 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 51 



books 


(Co1l1;nued from page 51) 
tranquilizers and antidepressants has been 
elaborated. 4. Additions have been made 
to the reference list at the end of the 
chapters. 
The photographs throughout the text 
appear impersonal, giving the reader the 
impression the nurse is uncertain and 
inadequate. Despite the limitations cited 
by this reviewer, the material is presented 
in a manner that is easily read and 
understood. 
The authors appear to have achieved the 
aim set forth in the preface. This is a 
valuable book for students who are having 
initial experience in psychiatric nursing. 


Textbook of Public Health Nursing 
by Ethel L. Kallins, R.N., B.S., M.P.H., 
480 pages. Washington, Mosby, 1967. 
Re
';ewed by Miss Louise S. Brown, as- 
sistant professor, University of Western 
Ontario Scllool of Nursing, London, 
Ontario. 


This book is intended to assist the public 
health nurse to discern causal relationships 
and their effect on disease and health. The 
text is divided into five main sections: the 
need for public health; basic public health 
services in the community; newer public 
health services; organization and adminis- 
tration of public he.1lth services; and the 
public health nurse on the interdisciplinary 
team. In sections two and three, the role 
of the public health nurse is given special 
emphasis at the completion of each section. 
In section five, the author devotes 25 pages 
to the public health nurse in the home 
and discusses the formulation of a plan, 
appraisal of family needs, setting of goals 
and evaluation of progress. Some attention 
is given to interviewing and counseling 
and nurse-patient interaction. This section 
also deals with public health nursing super- 
vision and the education of public health 
personnel to meet future needs, and ends 
with a brief chapter on public health in 
the space age. 
Although the author states in her preface 
that the book is not intended as a com- 
pendium of all known facts in the science 
of public health, the whole field of public 
health has been surveyed. The text does 
provide a description of public health ser- 
vices in the world and most particularly 
in the United States. 
The guidelines and principles for public 
health nursing that the author provides 
are in the fonn of outlines of the role of 
the public health nurse and in the discus- 
sion of the nursing care plans, evaluation 
process, and nurse-patient interaction in 
section five. The largest part of the text 


52 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


is devoted to the historical development of 
the several special fields in public health. 
As well, the author demonstrates the appli- 
cation of the problem-solving process in 
these fields. 
This text will be welcome as another 
addition to reference and resource mat- 
erials on public health for nursing prac- 
titioners and students. 


What's What for Children (4th ed.), 
Eve Kassirer (ed), for The Citizens' Com- 
mittee on Children. 96p. Beauregard 
Press, Ottawa, 1967. 


This unique handbook or directory has 
been designed to inform parents of some 
of the criteria experts use in making selec- 
tions of children's cultural materials, and 
why. More specifically it was designed to 
help parents select a good record, book, 
toy, art material, and so on, for the right 
stage and interest of his child. Each section 
of this book, which was first published in 
1952, has a short introduction followed by 
selected listings with commentaries. These 
listings are followed by the name of the 
publisher or manufacturer, in some cases 
along with approximate price. 
Its publication has been the centennial 
project of the Citizens' Committee on 
Children, an Ottawa - based organization. 
Edited by Mrs. Eve Kassirer, the book is 
the result of recent research, most of it 
previously unpublished. It contains the find- 
ings, opinions, and recommendations of 20 
Canadian authorities in different fields. 
Topics range from toy buying, music for 
the preschool child, music discs for children 
child art, creative drama, children's books: 
French for children, to an article on Family 
Life Education. The forthcoming centennial 
edition is the book's fourth and the editor 
has kept in mind that previous editions were 
used extensively by teachers, doctors, social 
and recreational workers, educators, manu- 
facturers and retailers, as well, of course, 
as the parents for whom it was originally 
intended. 
Mrs. Polly Hill, Director of the Chil- 
dren's Creative Centre, Expo 67, has written 
the introduction and is a member of the 
editorial board. Because of this link "What's 
What For Children" will be sold at the 
Canadian Pavilion as well as directly from 
the committee. 


films 


St. John Ambulance 
The Order of St. John has announced a 
new film on its history and work, titled 
St. John Ambulance in Canada. The 15- 
minute, black-and-white or color presenta- 
tion was released for general distribution in 
Canada in April of this year 


Sequences on home nursing and prepara- 
tion of nursing assistants would interest 
most nursing groups. The film may be bor- 
rowed from almost any branch of St. John 
Ambulance, or from the head office, Box 
88, Tenninal A, Ottawa 2. 


Give A Good Injection 
Techniques of Parenteral Administration, 
an excellent film on nursing arts, demon- 
strates proper methods of selecting sites and 
of giving injections. The American Nurses' 
Association and the National League for 
Nursing supplied consultants for the film, 
which was produced by Becton, Dickinson 
and Company. 
The 26-minute film, in color, shows in- 
tradennal. subcutaneous, intramuscular, and 
intravenous injection procedures. The meth- 
od of selecting the dorsal gluteal (buttock) 
site is poorly done, but demonstration of 
the ventral gluteal (hip) injection area 
would help clarify use of this site. A third 
injection area on the thigh is also shown. 
Animated drawings show anatomical detail 
well so that basic principles c:m be readily 
understood. 
The intravenous methods show ways of 
taking blood samples and of starting IV 
solutions. 
The film would be especially valuable 
to students learning to give injections, but 
would also be valuable in refresher courses 
and possibly in inservice education pro- 
grams. There are one or two rather unpro- 
fessional scenes - in one a technician 
wears blood-red nail polish - but on the 
whole it is a first-class film. 
Becton, Dickinson Company, 2464 South 
Sheridan Way, Clarkson, Ontario will loan 
the film to interested nursing groups. 


Filmstrip 
If you use filmstrips, a new one prepared 
for maternity nurses might be helpful. The 
Positive Link, produced by Hollister Incor- 
porated, shows how their identification 
bracelets should be used for proper mother- 
baby identification. 
The filmstrip runs 14 minutes and is ac- 
companied by a recorded commentary. If 
your hospital uses the Hollister Ident-A- 
Band, the filmstrip would be useful for 
student groups and for inservice education. 
Information about loan or purchase may be 
obtained from the Hollister representative. 


Prize-winning Films 
Two Canadian films of interest to nurses 
recently won United States prizes for film 
excellence. 
Growing Up Safely, produced by the Ma- 
ternal and Child Health Division of the 
Department of National Health and Wel- 
fare, received the U.S. National Safety 
Council award in the Home Safety cate- 
gory. 
The Third Eye, produced by Robert An- 
derson Associates for Smith Kline & French 


JULY 1967 



Laboratories, won the Chris A ward given 
each year by the Film Council of Greater 
Columbus (Ohio). 
Both these films are excellent teaching 
tools, and would be of real value to nurses. 


Il 


accession list 



 


Publications in this list of material receiv- 
ed recently in the CNA library are shown 
in language of source. The majority (refer- 
ence materia1 and theses, indicated by R, 
excepted) may be borrowed by CNA mem- 
bers, and by libraries of hospitals and 
schools of nursing and other institutions. 
Requests for loans should be made on the 
"Request Form for Accession List" (page 
55) and should be addressed to: The Li- 
brary, Canadian Nurses' Association, SO The 
Driveway. Ottawa 4, Ontario. 


BOOKS AND DOCUMENTS 
1. ANA clinical sessions, /966 San Fran- 
cisco. New York, Appleton-Century-Crofts, 
1967. 272p. R 
2. Annotated guide to health instruction 
materials in Canada. 2d ed. Ottawa, Can- 
adian Health Education Specialists Society, 
1967. 10Sp. R 
3. An annotated list of the legislative acts 
concerning higher education in Ontario 
compiled by Robin S. Harris. Toronto, 
Innis College, University of Toronto, 1966. 
79 p. 
4. A book of French quotations with 
English translations compiled by Norbert 
Guterman. Garden City, N.Y., Anchor 
Books, 1965, c1963. 474p. R 
S. The careful writer; a modern guide to 
English usage by Theodore M. Bernstein. 
New York, Atheneum, 1965. 487p. R 
6. Compendium of pharmaceuticals and 
specialties (Canada) /967. 3d ed. Toronto, 
Canadian Pharmaceutical Association, 1967. 
820p. R 
7. Criteria for the appraisal of bacca- 
laureate and higher degree programs in 
nursing. New York, National League for 
Nursing. Dept. of Baccalaureate and Higher 
Degree Programs, 1967. lip. 
8. The curriculum and the disciplines of 
knowledge; a theory of curriculum practice 
by Arthur R. King and John A. Brownell. 
New York, Wiley, c1966. 221p. 
9. Design with type by Carl Dair. Toron- 
to, University of Toronto Press, 1967. 
I 62p. R 
10. Developing the art of understanding 
by Margaret Anne Johnson. New York, 
Springer, c1967, 230p. 
II. The development and enforcement of 
the collective agreement by C.H. Curtis. 
Kingston, Industrial Relations Centre, 
Queen's University, 1966. II Sp. 
12. Le dictionnaire des citations du mon- 


JULY 1967 


de entier; jeux de lettres de Lucien Meys 
par Karl Petit. Verviers, Belgique, Gérard. 
cI960.478p. R 
13. A digest of provincial labor laws 
governing municipal and provincial em- 
ployees in Canada by Richard L. Salik. 
Chicago, Public Personnel Association, 
c1966. I07p. 
14. Education for the health professions; 
a comprehensive plan for comprehensive 
care to meet New York's needs in an age 
of change. Report of New York State 
Committee on Medical Education, Albany, 
N.Y., New York State Education Dept., 
1963. 114p. 
IS.Education for nursing practice. Report 
of the 1966 Arden House Conference. Al- 
bany, N.Y., New York State Nurses' Asso- 
ciation, 1966. S2p. 
16. Essentials for patients' libraries; a 
guide. New York, United Hospital Fund 
of New York, c1966. 103p. 
17. Everyman's United Nations. 7th ed. 
New York, United Nations, 1964. 638p. R 
18. Guide for in-service education of 
nursing personnel by Ingrid Hämelin. Gen- 
eva, World Hea1th Organization, 1967. 
S4p. 
19. Guidelines for research in clinical 
nursing by Lorna W. Thigpen. New York, 
National League for Nursing, Division of 
Nursing Education, 1967. 32p. 
20. The hospital people; a report by Blue 
Cross. Chicago, Blue Cross Association, 
1967. 8Op. 
21. How to run more effective business 
meetings by B.Y. Auger. London, Business 
Communications Division, 3M Co., c1964. 
IS7p. 
22. Laws affecting nurses' economic 
security. New York, American Nurses' As- 
sociation, Economic Security Unit., 1967. 
Iv. (loose-leaf). 
23. Leading ladies Canada by Jean Ban- 
nerman. Dundas, Ont., Carrswood, 1967. 
332p. R 
24. The legacy of Nightingale; a consider- 
ation of some of the problems of nurs- 
ing staff in Welsh hospitals today by Anne 
Crichton and Marion P. Crawford. Cardiff, 
Wa1es, Welsh Hospital Board, Welsh Hos- 
pital Staff Committee, 1966. 140p. 
2S. Le malade mental, Ie travail et la 
société. Rapport du colloque, 8-9 novembre 
1966. Rédaction Jean-Marc Bordeleau et B. 
Baston Gravel. Montréal, Hôpital Saint- 
Jean-de-Dieu, 1967. 211p. 
26. Medical and nursing dictionary and 
encyclopaedia 13th ed. by Evelyn Pearce. 
London, Faber, 19666. S78p. R 
27. The nurse consultant and nursing 
service in hospitals and nursing homes. 
Papers presented at the conference held in 
New York, N.Y. Nov. 8-10, 1965. New 
York, National League for Nursing. Dept. 
of Hospital Nursing Service, 1967. SSp. R 
28. Operation decision: community plan- 
ning for nursing in the west, annual con- 
(Continued on page 54) 


Obtain 
a better 
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of medical 
terminology 


Just published! 
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LEARNING MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY 
STEP BY STEP 


. More than 3500 terms 
. More than 500 abbreviations 
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. 340 pages 
. 39 illustration s 


MONEY BACK GUARANTEE 



 


The C. V. Mosby Company. Ltd. 
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and Mt. Sinai Hospital where 
nurses earn $500 a month be- 
ginning salaries and where 
there are challenging job and 
educational opportunities. This 
532-bed teaching institution is 
located in the center of the 
city's cultural and educational 
activities. For more informa- 
tion, write to Nurse Recruiter, 
Dept. CEo 



 


THE MT. SINAI 
HOSPITAL OF CLEVELAND 


University Circle. Cleveland. Ohio .44106 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 53 



accession list 


ference of the Western Region Council of 
State Leagues for Nursing. Las Vegas, Nev., 
Jan. 16-18, 1967. New York, National 
League for Nursing, 1967. 50p. 
29. The Penguin dictionary of quotations 
by J.M. Cohen and MJ. Cohen. Harmonds- 
worth, Middlesex, Penguin Books, c1960. 
663p. 
30. Proceedings of work conference on 
survey techniques for school visitors, Kan- 
sas City, Jan. 28-Feb. 1, 1964. New York, 
American Nurses' Association, Committee 
of State Boards of Nursing, 1964. 217p. 
31. Prophylaxie des maladies transmis- 
.tibles à l'homme. 10ième ed. New York, 
Amer. HIth Association. 1965; Adaptation 
française. Ottawa, Ministère de la Santé 
nationale et du Bien-être social, 1966. 359p. 
32. Quo Vadis School of Nursing, Tor- 
onto Report, 1966/67. Toronto, 1967. 21p. 
33. The research process in nursing by 
David J. Fox and Ruth Lundt Kelly with 
a foreward by Lucille Notter. New York, 
Appleton-Century-Crofts, c1967. 611. 
34. The standard periodical directory 
/967. 2d ed. New York, Oxbridge,. 1967. 
1019p. R 
35. State approved schools of nursing 


- 


}. 


'( 


R.N. meeting minimum requirements set by 
law and board rules in the various juris- 
dictions /967. 25th ed. New York, National 
League for Nursing. Research and Studies 
Service, 1967. 107p. 
36. Writing book reviews by John E. 
Drewry. Boston, The Writer, 1966. 230p. 


PAMPHLETS 
37. Accreditation in nursing; bacca- 
laureate and higher degree programs. Wash- 
ington, National Commission on Accredit- 
ing, 1966. 5p. 
38. Coût de la main-d'oeuvre au Canada. 
Etude des salaires, des prix, des profits et 
de la productivité. Ottawa, Congrès du Tra- 
vail du Canada, 1966. 41p. 
39. The importance of nursing practice 
in the development of nursing theory by 
Lucy H. Conant, Syracuse, N.Y., 1966. 9p. 
40. Manual for hospital patients' libmries. 
Vancouver, British Columbia Library Asso- 
ciation. Hospital Library Committee, 1966. 
lip. 
41. Nursing care of the cardiac patient. 
Selected papers from the Clinical Nursing 
Conference, 3d, Miami Beach, Florida, Oct. 
1965. New York, American Nurses' Asso- 
ciation and American Heart Association, 
1966. 12p. 
42. The nursing process by Florence S. 
Wald. New Haven, Conn., 1965. 13p. 
43. Practical nursing education to-day; 


report of the 1965 survey of 722 practical 
nursing programs. New York, National 
League for Nursing. Dept. of Practical 
Nursing Programs, 1966. 33p. 
44. The selecting and registering of mu- 
seum materials; a guide for the small region- 
al museum by Georges MacBeath. A paper 
read at the Conference of New Brunswick 
historical societies at Moncton, Oct. 13, 
1963. Moncton, N.B., New Brunswick Mu- 
seum, 19621 16p. I 
45. A statment of functions and qualifi- I 
cations for the practice of public health 
nursing in Canada. Toronto, Canadian Pub- 
lic Health Association, 1967. 34p. 
46. Story of the Saskatchewan Student 
Nurses' Association by Linda Long. Regina, 
1967. 2p. R 
47. The technical requirements of small 
museums by Raymond O. Harrison. Ottawa, 
Canadian Museums Associations, 1966. 27p. 
48. Technique of union catalogues; a 
practical guide by Silvère Willemin. Paris, 
UNESCO, c1966. 26p. 
49. Who is the nurse; who are the others? 
an analysis of the future of nursing by 
Eleanor C. Lambertsen. Albany, N.Y., New 
York State Nurses' Association, 1966. 3p. 


GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS 
Alberta 
50. Women's Cultural and Information 
Bureau. Laws of interest to women of AI- 


++++++++++ 
++++++++++ 
++t.+++++++ 
++

++++++ 
++++++++++ 
++++++++++ 
++++++++++ 
+++++ 


CHASE 
HOSPITAL 
DOLLS 
For demonstrating and practicing the 
newest nursing techniques . lavage and 
gavage . tracheotomy and colostomy, 
and their post-operation care . nasal 
and otic irrigations . catheterization and 
all abdominal irrigations . subcutane- 
ous, intramuscular and intradermal injec- 
tions . and all standard nursing procedures. 
Let us tell you about the new features we 
have added to this world-famous teaching 
aid. Write to 
M. J. CHASE Co. Inc. 
Pawtucket 


Turns 
consume 
93 times their 
own weight 
in excess 
stomach 
acid! 


156 Broadway 
Rhode Island 


54 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


think how fast they'll work 
on your tummy upsets! 


Laboratory tests show Tums neu- 
tralize 93 times their own weight 
in excess stomach acids, and that 
they maintain a balanced level for 
long periods, too. Tums go to work 
in 4 seconds on gas, heartburn and 
indigestion. And they taste pleas- 
antly minty, need no water and 
cost so very little. Those are the 
facts. So next time your tummy 
gives you a turn, give Tums a try. 
They're worth their weight in gold! 
4 lY
$. 
 


IUL Y 1967 



accession list 


berta. Rev. Edmonton, Queen's Printer, 
1967. 23 p. 
Canada 
51. Bureau of Statistics. Mental health 
statistics. Trends in hospital care and pa- 
tient characteristics, 1955-63. Ottawa, 
Queen's Printer, 1966. 37p. 
52. -. Tuberculosis statistics /965. 
v.2 Institutional facilities, services and fi- 
nances. Ottawa, Queen's Printer, 1967. 52p. 
53. Conseil Economique du Canada. Vers 
une amélioration de la communication entre 
patrons et travai/leurs. Ottawa, Imprimeur 
de la Reine, 1967 12p. 
54. Dept. of Labour. Women's Bureau. 
Maternity protection for women workers in 
Canada by Sheila Woodsworth. Ottawa, 
1967. 63p. 
55. Economic Council of 
Towards better communications 
labour and management. Ottawa, 
Printer, 1967. 12p. 
56. Royal Commission on Health Ser- 
vices. Sociological factors affecting recruit- 
ment into the nursing profession by R.A.N. 
Robson. Ottawa, Queen's Printer, 1967. 
244p. 
57. Special Committee on Acetylsali- 
cylic Acid Poisoning. Report to the Food 


Canada. 
between 
Queen's 


and Drug Directorate, Dept. of National 
Health and Welfare, Ottawa, 1967. 34p. 
Nova Scotia 
58. Dept. of Labour. Economics and 
Research Division. Collective agreement 
survey in Nova Scotia hospitals. Halifax, 
1966. 30p. 
Quebec 
59. Commission d'Enquête sur la Santé 
et Ie Bien-être social. La Commission. Qué- 
bec, 1967. 4Op. 
United States 
60. Dept. of Interior. Bureau of Land 
Management. Gobbledygook has gotta go 
by John O'Hayre. Washington, U.S. Govt. 
Print. Off., 1966. 113p. R 
61. Dept. of Labour. Bureau of Labour 
Statistics. Major collective bargaining agree- 
ments; management rights and union-man- 
agement co-operation. Washington, U.S. 
Govt. Print. Off., 1966. 69p. 
62. National Center for Health Statistics. 
Health resources statistics; health manpower, 
1965. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 
1966. 102p. 
63. National Institute of Mental Health. 
Community mental health; individual adjust- 
ment or social planning. A symposium, 
Ninth Inter-American Congress of Psychol- 
ogy, Dec. 18, 1964, Miami, Florida. Wash- 
ington, U.S. Govt. Print. Office, 1966. 82p. 
64. National Institute of Neurological 
Diseases and Blindness. Eye Research. 
Washington, United States Government 


Printing Office. 1966, 44 pages. 


STUDIES DEPOSITED IN CNA 
REPOSITORY CoLLECTION 
65. An experimental study of two recom- 
mended methods of caring for infants with 
diaper dermatitis by Donna Avanell Hum- 
phries. Washington, 1966. Thesis (M.N.) - 
Washington, 70p. R 
66. An exploratory study to identify the 
mother's perception of her child's health 
readiness for school by Myrna Slater. Min- 
neapolis, Minn., 1966. Thesis (M.P.H.) - 
Minnesota. 92p. R 
67. The relation between information 
given to patients and their recovery post- 
operatively by Margaret E. Hooton. Mon- 
treal, 1966. Thesis (M. Sc. (Applied)) - 
McGill University. 47p. R 
68. A study of the number, reason for 
and the head nurse's feelings about patient 
transfers in a psychiatric unit of a general 
hospital by Evelyn Rocque. Montreal, 1963. 
Thesis (M. Sc. (Applied)) - McGill Uni- 
versity. 4Sp. R 
69. A study of some aspects of the nurs- 
ing role-image held by general staff nurses 
in three hospitals by Joan M. Gilchrist. 
Montreal, 1964. Thesis (M. Sc. (Applied)) - 
McGill University, 97p. R 
70. A study of the behavior of nursing 
students during a categorization task by 
Jocelyne Legris. Montreal, 1965. Thesis 
(M. Sc. Appl.) McGill University. 665p. R 


Request Form 
for "Accession List" 
CANADIAN NURSES' 
ASSOCIATION LIBRARY 


VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPITAL 


HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA 


Requires the services of Registered Nurses for all 
services including operating room, recovery room, 
intensive care and emergency in the newly expand- 
ed eight hundred and fifty bed facilities of fhe lar- 
gest general and referral hospital in the Atlantic 
Provinces. 


Send this coupon or facsimile to: 
LIBRARIAN, Canadian Nurses' Association, 
50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario. 
Please lend me the following publications, listed in the 
____ ___________ issue of The Canadian Nurse, 
or add my name to the waiting list to receive them when 
available. 
Item Author Short title (for identification) 
No. 


Salary range for General Staff positions $360.00 - 
$420.00 per month and full Civil Service benefits. 


Direct inquiries to: 


Director of Nurses 


Request for loans will be filled in order of receipt. 
Reference and restricted material must be used in the 
CNA library. 
Borrower 
Registration No. 
Position 


VICTORIA CENERAL HOSPITAL 


Address. 


Halifax, Nova Scotia 


A.5S00 


Date of request .. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 55 


JULY 1967 



classified advertisements 


ALBERTA 


BRITISH COLUMBIA 


DtRECTOR OF NURSING required immediately for 
19.bed active treatment hospital with plans for ex- 
pansion in immediate future. Residence accommoda- 
tion available, MSI and Blue Crass in effect. Salary 
commensurate with experience. Apply to: Administra- 
tor, Manning Municipal Hospital, Manning, Alberta. 
1-59-1 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING required for 52-bed General 
Hospital situated 125 miles eost of Edmonton. Town 
situated next to Provincial Park. Suite available in 
residence. Salary open. Apply to: Administrator, 
Vermilion Municipal Hospital, Vermilion, Alberto. 
1-90-2 


Registered Nurs.. required for a 51-bed active 
treatment hospital, situated in east central Alberto. 
Salary range from $400 to $460 commensurate with 
experience. Full maintenance in new nurses' resid- 
ence for $40 per month, sick leave and pension 
benefits available, 4().hour work week, 21 days plus 
statutory holidays after the first year, and 28 days 
plus sfatutory holidays after five years. For further 
information kindly contact: W.N. Saranchuk Admin- 
istrator, Elk Point, Municipal Hospital, Efk Point, 
Alberto. 1-34.] 


REGISTERED NURSES (3) required immediafely for 
] 9-bed active treatment hospital with plans for 
expansion in immediate future. Two doctors. Res- 
idence available. MSI and Blue Cross in effect. 
Salary $380-$450/mo. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Manning Municipal Hospital, Manning, Alberta. 
1-59-2 


R.N. needed for General Duty, in 16-bed hospital, 
]00 miles North of Calgary, on paved Highway. 
Summer resort 16 miles. Position has opportunity 
of advancement to Director of Nursing. Apply Elnora 
Genera' Hospital, Elnora, Alberto. 1-35-IA 


ADVERTISING 
RATES 


FOR ALL 
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING 


$10.00 for 6 lines or less 
$2.00 for each additional line 


Rates for display 
advertisements on request 


Closing date for copy and cancellation is 
6 weeks prior to 1st day of publication 
month. 
The Canadian Nurses' Association has 
not yet reviewed the personnel policies 
of the hospitals and agencies advertising 
in the Journal. For authentic information, 
prospective applicants should apply to 
the Registered Nurses' Association of the 
Province in which they are interested 
in working. 


Address correspondence to: 


The 
Canadian 
Nurse 


b 


50 THE DRIVEWAY 
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO. 


56 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


I I 


ALBERTA 


Registered Nurses for General Duty in modern 30- 
bed hospital in southern Alberto. Salary range 
from $380 - $440 with credit for post experience. 
Residence accommodation available - with main- 
tenance - at $45 per month. Medical, hospital, 
and pension plans in effect. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Border Counties General Hospital, Milk 
River, Alberto. 1-100.1 


NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active 30-bed hospital, 
recently constructed building. Town on main line of 
the C.P.R. and on Number I highway, midway 
between the cities of Calgary and Medicine Hot. 
Nurses on .taff must be willing and able to toke re- 
sponsibility in all departments of nursing, wi.h the 
exceptions of the Operating Room. Recently renovated 
nurses. residence with all single rooms situated On 
hospital grounds. Apply to: Mrs. M. Hislop, Adminis- 
trator and Director of Nursing, BOlsana General Hos- 
pital, Bosso no, Alberto. 1-5.1 


Gen..al Duty Nurses for active, accredited, well- 
equipped 64-bed hospital in growing town, population 
3,500. Salaries range from $380-$440 commensurate 
with experience, other benefits. Nurses residence. 
Excellent personnel policies and working conditions. 
New modern wing opened this year. Good commu- 
nications to large nearby cities. Apply Director of 
Nursing, Brooks General Hospital, Brooks, Alberto. 
1-13-IB 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES - Salary range - $4,320 
to $5,460 per annum, 40 hour week. Modern living- 
in facilities available at moderate rates, if desired. 
Civil Service holiday, sick leave and pension bene- 
fits. Starting salary commensurate with training 
and experience. Apply to; Superintendent of Nurses, 
Baker Memorial Sanatorium, Box 72, Calgary, 
Alberto. 1-14-3 A 


General Duty Nurs.. for lOO.bed hospital located 
close to Edmonton. Salary $380-$450 per month. 
Apply: Sister M. Cecilia, Director of Nursing, St. 
Mary's Hospital, Com rose, Alberto. 1-15.3 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 94-bed General Hos- 
pital located in Alberto's unique 8adlands. $380. 
$440 per month, approved AARN and AHA per- 
sonnel policies. Apply to: Miss M. Hawkes, Director 
of Nursing, Drumheller General Hospital, Drumhel- 
ler, Alberto. 1-31-2A 


General Duty Nurses for 64-bed active treatment 
hospital, 35 miles south of Calgary. Salary range 
$380 - $450. Living accommodation available in sep- 
arate residence if desired. Full maintenance in 
residence $45.00 per month. Excellent Personnel 
Policies and working conditions. Please apply to: 
The Director of Nursing, High River General Has. 
pital, High River, Alberto. 1-46-1 A 


General Duty Nunes (2) required for Modern Active 
Treatment 27-bed hospital. Accommodation available 
in new nurses' residence. Town is situated 17 miles 
from Jasper Notional Pork. Salary scale $380-$450 
per month, plus recognition for experience. For 
further information contact: Director of Nursing, HIN- 
TON MUNICIPAL HOSPITAL, Hinton, Alberto. 1-47-1 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Modern 26-bed hospital 
close to Edmonton. 3 buses doily. Salary $380 to 
$450 per month commensurate with experience. 
Residence available at $40.00 per month. Excellent 
porsonnel policies
 Apply; Director of Nursing, 
Moyerrhorpe Municipal Hospital, Mayerthorpe, Al- 
berta. 1-61-1 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES required for 52-bed General 
Hospital. Salary $380.$450 post experience recog- 
nized. Shift differential for afternoons and nights. 
Accommodation available in nurses' residence. Ap- 
ply to: Acting Director of Nursing, Vermilion Muni- 
cipal, Hospital Vermilion, Alberto. 1-9O-2A 


Gen..at Duty Nunes for new SO-bed active General 
Hospital situated midway between Calgary and 
Edmonton on main highway. Salary range $380 to 
$450 with recognition given for experience. Full 
maintenance available in nurse.' residence for $45 
per month. Positions available for both summer 
relief and permanent employment. For further in- 
formation please write to: Mrs. E. Harvie, R.N., 
Locombe General Hospital, Lacombe, Alberto. 
I-SC-IA 


I I 


Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, B_C., invites B.C. 
Registered Nurs.. (or those eligible) to apply for 
positions in Medicine, Surgery and Psychiatry. Apply 
to: Director of Nursing. Victoria, British Columbia. 
2-76-4A 


Operating Roam Hood Nurse ($464 - $552), General 
Duty Nurses (B.C_ Registered $405 - $481, non-Regis- 
tered $390) for fully accredited 113-bed hospital in 
N.W. B.C. Excellent fishing, skiing, skating, curling 
and bowling. Hot springs swimming nearby. Nurses' 
residence, room $20 per month. Cafeteria meals. 
Apply: Director of Nursing, Kitimat General Hospital, 
Kitimat, 8ritish Columbia. :1-36-1 


Registered Nurse with proven O.R. experience for 
'fa time service in O.R., % time to establish in- 
service training programs, for small periferal hospi- 
tals. For information: Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Fraser Canyon Hospital, R.R. No. I, Hope, British 
Columbia. 2-30-1 A 


B.C. R.N. for General Duty in 32 bed General Hospi- 
tal. RNABC 1967 salary rate $390 - $466 and fringe 
benefits, modern, comfortable, nurses' residence in 
attractive community close to Vancouver, B.C. For 
application form write: Director of Nursing, Fraser 
Canyon Hospital, R.R. I, Hope, 8.C. 2-30-1 


Registered or nan.registered General Duty Nurs.. 
and Nursing Assistants (3 required immediately) 
for new 3] -bed, active treatment hospifal, located 
in the South Cariboo. Personnel policies in ac- 
cordance with RNABC. Nurses' residence available. 
Apply in writing to: Director of Nursing, 100 Mile 
District General Hospital, 100 Mile House, 8ritish 
Columbia. 2-50-2 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES (Two) for active 66-bed 
hospital, with new hospital to open in 1968. 
Active in-service programme. Salary range $390 to 
$466 per month. Personnel pol icies according to 
current RNA8C contract. Hospital situated in beauti- 
ful East Kootenays of British Columbia, with swim- 
ming, golfing and skiing facilities readily available. 
Apply to: The Director of Nursing, St. Eugene Hos- 
pital, Cranbrook, 8ritish Columbia. 2-15-1 


Gen..al Duty Nunes for active 30.bed hospital. 
RNABC policies and schedules in effect, also North- 
ern allowance. Accommodotions available in re... 
idence. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital, 
Fort Nelson, 8ritish Columbia. 2-23-1 


General Duty Nurses for modern 8S-bed hospital. 
Salary $390.00 to $466.00. Recognition for experi- 
ence. Industry - gas, oil and agriculture. Situated 
60 miles from Peace River Dam Proiect. Apply: 
Director of Nursing, Providence Hospital, Fort St. 
John, B.C. 2-24-1 


General Duty Nurses for new 30-bed hospital 
located in excellent recreational area. Salary and 
personnel policies in accordance with RNA8C. Com- 
fortable Nurses' home. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Boundary Hospital, Grand Forks, 8ritish Columbia. 
2-27-2 


General Duty Nurses (2 immediately) for active, 
26-bed hospital in the heart of the Rocky Mountains, 
90 miles from Banff and Lake Louise. Accommoda- 
tion available in attractive nurses' residence. Apply 
giving full details of training, experience, etc. to: 
Administrator, Windermere District Hospital, Inver- 
mere, 8ritish Columbia. 2-31-1 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES - for 109.bed hospital in 
expanding Northwestern 8ritish Columbia City. Salary 
$405 to $481 for 8.C. Registered Nurses with recogni- 
tion for experience. RNABC contract in effect. Gradu- 
ate Nurses not registered in 8.C. paid $390. Benefits 
include comprehensive medical and pension plans. 
Travel allowance up to $60 refunded after One 
year's service. Comfortable modern residence accom- 
modation at $15 per month, meals of cost. Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, Prince Rupert General Hospital, 
551-5th Avenue East, Prince Rupert, 8.C. 2-58.2A 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES - Salary - non - B.C. 
registerea $375 per month - 8.C. registered $390- 
$466, depending on experience. RNA8C policies in 
effect. Nurses' residence available. Group Medical 
Health Plan. All winter and summer sports. Apply: 
Director of Nursing, Cariboo Memorial Hospital, Wil- 
liams Lake, 8ritish Columbia. 2-80-1 A 


JULY 1967 



diploma or degree nurse 


Go South to Syracuse and See! 


Youll fond fro ends at State UnIversIty 
HOspItal of the Upstate MedIcal Center 
at Syracuse. a modern 350-bed teaching 
hospItal In the CanadIans favorote U S 
City 
You II also find a helpful administration. 
professional level salaries (up to 56.476 
to start. depending on your QualifYing 
educatIon and experience) 


Fine benefits. too. Eleven paid holidays. 
13to 20 paid vacation days. sound three- 
way health insurance plan and special 
collegiate education programs. 
Above all. youl1 find patient-centered 
educational atmosphere in which you'll 
best have the opportunity to be the kind 
of nurse you want to be. and receive the 
rewards you deserve. 


STATE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF THE UPSTATE MEDICAL CENTER AT SYRACUSE, N. Y. 


â
-------
!!
--Þâ 
. @ 0 Send me full information, please . 

 0 I'd like to talk with you when I'm in Syracuse 
7CN-67 (date) (time) 
. 0 Please send me application forms . 
MIss Adele WrlRht. R.N. 
. Director Df NurSlnl Services Name . 
State UniverSity Hospital of the Add 
Upstate Medical Center at ress 
S..nu.e. New Yo,'. U.S A ..21. City Province 
 

4............1I
 


JULY 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 57 



BRITISH COLUMBIA 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES for well.equipped 48-bed 
General Hospilal in Ihe Okanogan Volley. RNABC 
policies in effecl. Apply la: Direclor of Nursing, 51. 
Martin's Hospilal, Oliver, 8rilish Columbia. 2.50-1. 


General Duly and Operaling Room Nurs.. for 70-bed 
Acule General Haspilal on Pacific Coasl. B.C. Regis- 
lered $390 - $466 per monlh (Credil for experience). 
Non B.C. Regislered $375 - Praclical Nurses B.C. Li- 
censed $273. $311 per monlh. Non Registered $253- 
$28!> per monlh. Boord $20 per monlh, room $5.00 per 
monlh. 20 paid holidays per year and 10 slalulory 
holidays after 1 year. Fare paid from Vancouver. 
Superannuation and medical plans. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, St. George's Hospital, Alert Bay, British 
Columbia. 2.2-1 A 


General Duty O. R. and experienced Ob.tetrical 
Nur.e. for moder.., 150-bed ho.pilal localed in Ihe 
beautiful Fraser Valley. Personnel policies in aC- 
cordance wilh RNABC. Apply 10: Director of Nursing, 
Chilliwack General Hospilol, Chilliwack, 8rili.h Co. 
lumbia. 2-13-1 


General Duty. Operating Room and Experienced 
Ob.tetrical Nurs.. for 434-bed haspilal wilh .choal 
of nursing. Salary: $372-$444. Credil for past ex. 
perience and postgraduate training. 40-hr. wk. Stat- 
utory holidays. Annual increments; cumulative sick 
leave; pension plan; 28-days annual vacation; B.C. 
registration required. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Royal Columbian Ho
ital, New Westminster. British 
Columbia. 2-73-13 


General Duty and experienced Operating Room 
Nur.e for 54.bed aclive hospilal in northweslern B.C. 
1967 salaries: 8.C. Regislered $405, General Duly 
8.C. Non-Registered, $390, RNABC personnel policies 
in effect. Planned rotation. New residence, room and 
board: $50 1m. T.V. and good social aclivilies. 
Write: Director of Nursing, Box 1297, Terrace, British 
Columbia. 2-70-2 


General Duty and Operafing Room Nur.e. for 
modern 450-bed hospilal wilh School of Nursing. 
RNABC policies in effecl. Credil for past experience 
and postgraduaTe training. British Columbia registra. 
tion required. For particulars write to: the Director of 
Nursing Service, ST. Joseph's Hospital, Victoria, British 
Columbia. 2-76-5 


GRADUATE NURSES for 24.bed hospilal, 35-mi. from 
Vancouver, on coast, salary and personnel prac. 
tices in accord with RNABC. Accommodation availa. 
ble. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospilal, 
SQuamish, 8ritish Columbia. 2.68.1 


MANIT08A 


A..i.tant Director of Nur... for an active 33-bed 
hospital situated on number one highway. Enqui. 
ries should include experience, qualifications and 
salary expected. Personnel policies will be sent on 
requesl. Apply to: Mrs. L.I. Walton, Virden Dislrict 
Hospital, Box 400, Virden, Maniloba. 3-67-1 


Regi.tered Nurse: Required for SO.bed general hospilal 
in Fort Churchill, Maniloba. Slarling salary $500 per 
month. Return fare from Winnipeg refunded after one 
year's service. Far particulars write to: Director of 
Nursing, General Hospital, Fort Church;.., Manitoba. 
3.75-1 


Registered Nur.e: Position available, effective as SOOn 
as possible, al GLEN80RO HOSPITAL a 16-bed 
hoopilal, located 100 mile. wesl of Winnipeg on 
No. 2 Highway. Excellenf residence accommodalion 
available. Slarling salary January I, 1967 - $395 
per month. Increments allowed for experience. Per. 
sonnel Policy Manual and application forms on 
request wilh no obligation. Plea.e forward all en- 
qUIries to: Mr. S. A. Oleson, Box 130, Glenboro, 
Maniloba. Telephone No. 115 or No. 17. 3.28-1 A 


Regist.red Nurse and Licenled Practical Nurle requir- 
ed for 10-bed ho.pilal, 65 miles from Winnopeg, 
i.. the Whileshell resorl area. Salary range R.N. 
$405-$480; L.P.N. $275-$310. Consideralion given for 
past experience. Resident accommodation. For further 
infarmation address enquiries to: Mrs. J. Everson, 
Malron, Whitemoulh Di"rict HOlpitol, Whilemoulh, 
Maniloba. 3-70-2 


Regiltered Nur.e. and Llcenled Practical Nurs... 
required for 21.bed hOlpital 01 Rossburn, Manilaba. 
Salary: R.N.'I.$395.$480, L.P.N.'.-$275.$315. Good 
personnel pollclel. For furlher Information conlact 
(Mrs.) A. M. SIlt!, D.O.N./ ROllburn Modlcal Nurs. 
'nil Unll, ROllburn, Manlloca. 3-49.1 


58 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


I I 


MANITOBA 


Regi.tered Nurse' for 18-bed hospital at Vito Manitoba, 
70 miles from Winnipeg. Doily bu. service. Salary 
range $390 - $475, wilh allowance for experience. 
.cO hour week, 10 stalutory holidays, 4 weeks paid 
vacation after one year. Full maintenance available 
for $50 per month. Apply: Malron, Vito Districl 
Hoopilal, Vita, Maniloba. 3-6B.1 


REGISTERED NURSES for General Duty in 20-bed 
Hospilal. Solary range $405 10 $490 per monlh. liv- 
ing accommodations available. Generous Personnel 
Pol icies. Apply to: Direclor of Nursing, Reston Com- 
munily Hospilal, Reston, Maniloba. 3-46-2 A 


NOVA SCOTIA 


Ca.e Room Supervi.or wanled for III-bed Maler- 
nily Hospilol. Apply: Direclor of Nursing, Grace 
Malernily Hospilal, Halifax, Novo SCalia. 6-17-3 


Regi,'ered and Graduale Nurse. for General Duty. 
New hospital with all modern conveniences, also, 
new nurses' residence available. South Shore Com. 
munity. Apply to: Superinlendanl, Queen. General 
Hospilal, Liverpool, Novo Scalia. 6-20-1 


Regi.tered Nurse. for 21-bed hospilal in pleasanl 
community - Eastern Shore af Nava Scalia. Apply: 
Superintendent, Eastern Shore Memorial Hospital, 
Sheel Harbour, Novo Scalia. 6-32-1 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Posilions available for 
Regislered Qualified General Duty Nurses for 138- 
bed active treatment hospital. Residence accom- 
modation available. Applications and enquiries will 
be received by:: Director of Norsing, Blanchard-Fraser 
Memorial Hospilal, Kentville, Novo Scalia. 6-19-1 


ONTARIO 


A..i,'ant Director of Public Health Nursing for ex- 
panding Health Unil, generalized program in Wei- 
land County. Duties to commence at mutual conve. 
nience, salary open, usual allowances and fringe 
benefils. Apply 10: Direclor, Weiland and Districl 
Heallh Unil, King Street 01 Faurlh, Weiland, Onlario. 
7.141.2 


PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING SUPERVISOR - Applica- 
tions sought for supervisory positions with Sudbury 
and District Health Unil. Requires D,ploma in ad- 
vanced Publ ic Heallh Nur.ing and Supervi.ion or 
Baccalaureate degree with administration. For details 
apply: The Director, Sudbury and Dislrict Heallh 
Unil, SO Cedar Slreel, Sudbury, Ontario. 7-127-58 


Assistant Supervisor, Public Health Nursing, for ac- 
tive, progressive Health Unit, with generalized pro- 
grams. A challenging opportunity for creative per. 
son wilh good knowledge of Public Health nursing. 
Considerable experience in this field essential, and 
course in Administration or Degree desirable. Year 
round sports paradise and seat of progressive Uni. 
versily and Communily College. Apply: Direclor, 
ForI William and Districl Health Unit, 900 Arthur 
Slreel, ForI William, Onlario. 7-47.4 


Registered Nurses. Applications and enqultles are 
inviled for general dUly po.itions on Ihe slaff of Ihe 
Manilouwadge General Hospilal. Excellenl salary 
and fringe benefils. Liberal policie. regarding ac- 
commodation and vacation. Modern well.equipped 
33-bed hospilal in new mining lawn, about 250-mi. 
easl of PorI Arlhur and norlh-wesl of While River, 
Ontario. Pop. 3,500. Nurses' residence comprises indi. 
vIdual self.contained apts. Apply, stating qualifica. 
tions, experience, age, marital status, phone number, 
etc. to the Administrator, General Hospital, Mani- 
louwadge, Onlario. Phone 826-3251 7-74.1 A 


Regi.tered Nur.e.: Ba.ic .alary $400 per mon'h, and 
full mainlenance $45/m. Supervisory advancemenl 
opportunities. Resident accommodations available; 
Hospilol .iluoled in 'auri., lown off lake Huron. 
For further information write: Superintendent, Sou- 
geen Memorial Hospital, Southampton, Ontario. 
7.122-1 


REGtSTERED NURSES required immedlalely for 53. 
bed ho.pilal. Minimum lalary $415. Three week. 
vocal ion, pen.lon, life and medical Inluranco, 8 
stolutory holiday., 40 hour week. Air rail and rood 
communlcallon. Norfhern ho.pltallfY. Äppl y fO. Dlrec. 
lor of NUTle., Porcuplno Genoral HOlpllal, Soulh 
Porcupine, Onl. 7.123.1 


I I 


ONTARIO 


Regi.tered Nurs.. for 34-bed hospital, min. .alary 
$415 with regular annual increments to maximum 
of $495. 3-wk. vacalion wilh pay; sick leave afler 
6-mo. service. All Slaff - 5 day 40-hr. wk., 9 
slalulary holiday., pension plan and of her benefil.. 
Apply 10: Superinlendenl, Engleharl & Diltrict Has- 
pilal, Engleharl, Onlario. 7-40-1 


REGISTERED NURSES required for 100-bed hospilal in 
Ihe Model Town of Ihe North. All usual fringe 
benefils available and a limiled amount of living-in 
accommodation. Salary range for general duty nurses 
$415 . $485 depending on qual ificalion. and ex- 
perience. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Sensenbren- 
ner Hospital, Kapuskasing, Ontario. 7-62.1 


REGISTERED NURSES (IMMEDIATELY) for a new 40. 
bed hospital. Nurses' residence - private raoms with 
balh - $20 per month. Minimum salary $415 plus 
experience allowance, 4 semi.annual increments. 
Reply 10: The Director of Nursing, Geraldlon Districl 
Ho.pilal, Geraldlon. Onlario. 7.50-1 A 


Registered Nur.... for 1B-bed [expanding 10 36 bed) 
General Hospital in Mining and Resorl town of 5,000 
people. Beautifully located on Wawa Lake, 140 miles 
norlh of Soull Sle. Marie, Ontaria. Wide variely of 
summer and winter sports including swimming, boat... 
ing, fishing, golfing, skating, curling and bowlinga 
Six churches of differenl failhs. Salaries comparable 
with all norlhern ho.pitals. Limiled bed and board 
available at reasonable rate. Excellenl personnel 
policies, pleasant working condilion.. HEAD NURSE 
wilh some formal preparalion and/or adequate ex- 
perience. Apply 10: Direclor of Nursing, The Lady 
Dunn General Hospilal, Box 179, Wawa, Ontario. 
7-140.18 


Regi.tered Nur.... and Regi.tered Nursing A..i.tants 
(immediately) for 32-bed hospilal in narthwestern 
Ontario. Please apply to: Director af Nursing, Ali- 
kokan General Hospilal, Atikokan, Onlario. 7-5-1 


Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistant. 
for 100-bed General Hospilal, silualed in Northern 
Onlorio. Salary range $415 - $455 per monlh, RNA's 
$273 - $317 per month, shift differential, annual 
incremenls, 40 hour week, OHSC and P.S.I. plans in 
effect. Accommodation available in residence if 
desired. For full particulars apply 10: The Direclor 
of Nurses, Lady Minto Hospital, Cochrane, Ontarioa 
7-30.18 


Regi.tered Nurses and Regi.tered Nur.ing Ani.tant. 
are invited to make application to our 75-bed, 
modern General Hospilal. You will be in Ihe Vaca- 
lionland of Ihe Norlh, midway between the lakehead 
and Winnipeg, Manitoba. Basic wage for Registered 
Nurses is $408 and for Regislered Nursing As.istanls 
is $285 with yearly increments and consideration for 
experience. Write or phone: The Director of Nursing, 
Dryden Dislricl General Hospital, DRYDEN, Ontaria. 
7-26-1 A 


Regi.tered Nur.e. and Registered Nur.ing A..i.tant. 
for 160.bed accrediled hospilal. Slarling .alary $415 
and $285 respeclively wilh regular annual incre- 
ments for both. Excellent personnel policies. Resid. 
ence accommodation available. Apply 10: Direclor af 
Nursing, Kirkland & Districl Hospilal, Kirkland lake, 
Onlario. 7-67.1 


Regi.tered Nurs.. and Registered Nur.ing A..i.tants 
for 123.bed accrediled hospilal. Slarting .alary $400 
and $255 respectively wilh regular increments for 
bolh. Usual fringe benefils. For full informalion, 
apply 10: Direclor of Nursing, Dufferin Area Has. 
pital, Orangeville, Onlaria. Phone 941-2410. 7-90-1 


Registered Nur.... and Regiltered Nuraing A..i.tant. 
required for 215.bed accrediled hospilal. For salary 
rates and personnel policie. apply to: Direclor of 
Nursing, Norfolk General Ho.pilal, Simcoe, Onl. 
7-118-1 


Regiltered Nur... and Regi.tered Nuraing A..istants. 
Slarling Salary for R.N. i. $415 and for R.N.A. is $300. 
Allowance for experience. Excellenl fringe benefil', 
Write: Mr. G. Gordon, Superinlendent, Nipigon Di.- 
!ficf Memorial Hospilal, 80x 37, Nipigan, Onlario. 
7-87-1 


Registered Nur.e and Registered Nur.ing As.l.tant. 
in modern loo-bed ho.pilal, .ilualed 40 mile. from 
Ollawa. Excellenf peTlonnel policiel. Relidence 
accommodalion available. Apply 10: Director of 
Nur.ing, Smilhl Falls Public Ho.pifal, Smilh. Fall., 
Onlario. 7.120.2A 


Revillered or Graduato Nune., required for modern 
92-bed hOlpllal. R...ldence accommodallon $20 monlh- 
1'1'. Oversea. nurse. welcome. Lovoly old ScoWlh 
Town near Ollawa. Apply. Director of Nursing, The 
GreClf War Memorial HOlpllal, Porlh, Ontario. 7.100.2 


JULY 1967 



CANADA'S INDIANS 
NEED YOUR 


AND ESKIMOS 
HELP 


PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES 
REGISTERED HOSPITAL NURSES 
CERTIFIED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


HAVE YOU CONSIDERED 
A CAREER 
WITH 
MEDICAL SERVICES 
DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE 


for further information. write to: 
MEDICAL SERVICES DIRECTORATE 
DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE 
OTTAWA, CANADA 


ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING 


Applications are invited for the 
above position in a fully ac- 
credited l63-bed General Hos- 
pital in beautiful Northern On- 
tario. 


Desirable qualifications should 
include B.S.N. Degree with ex- 
perience in supervision. 


For further information, 
Write to: 


Director of Nursing 


KIRKLAND and DISTRICT HOSPITAL 


Kirkland Lake, Ontario. 


JULY 1967 


VICTORIA HOSPITAL 


LONDON, ONTARIO 


Modern l,OOO-bed hospital 
Requires 
Registered Nurses for 
all services 
and 
Registered 
Nursing Assistants 


40 hour week - Pension plan 
- Good salaries and Personnel 
Policies. 


Apply: 


Director of Nursing 


VICTORIA HOSPITAL 


London, Onto 


ST. JOSEPH'S 
HOSPITAL 
HAMIL TON, 
ONTARIO 


A modern, progressive hospital, 
located in the centre of Ontario's 
Golden Horseshoe- 
invites applications for 
GENERAL STAFF 
NURSES 


and 
REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 


Immediate openings are avail- 
able in Operating Room, Psy- 
chiatry, Intensive Care - Coro- 
nary Monitor Unit, Obstetrics, 
Medical, Surgical and Paediatrics. 
For further information write to: 
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 


Hamilton, Ontario 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 59 



r 


ONTARIO 


General StaH Nurses and Registered NUriing Assis. 
tants are required for a modern, well-equipped General 
Hospital currenlly expanding to 167 beds. Situated in 
(;I progressive community in South Western Ontario, 30 
miles from Windsor-Detroit 80rder. Salary scalea to 
experience and qualifications. Excellent employee 
benefits and working conditions plus an opportunity 
10 work in a Patient Cenlered Nursing Service. Write 
for further information to: Miss Patricia McGee, B. 
Sc.N., Reg_N. Direclor of Nursing, Leamington District 
Memorial Hospital, Leamington, Ontario. 7-69.1 A 


Registered Nurs.. for General Duty in well-equipped 
28-bed hospital, localed in growing gold mining 
and tourist area, north of Kenora, Ontaric. Modern 
residence with individual roomSi room, board and 
uniform laundry only $5O/m, 40-hr. wk., no Iplit Ihiff, 
cl..mulorive sick time, 8 statutory holidays and 28 
day paid vacation after one year. Starting salary 
$430. Apply to: Matron, Margarel Cochenour Memo- 
roal Hospllal, Cochenour, Onlario. 7-29-1 


REGISTERED NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active 
accrediled well equipped 28-bed hospital. 30 miles 
from Ottawa. Residence accommodation. Good per... 
sonnel policies. Apply to: Administratrix, Kemplville 
Dislrict Hospilal, Kemplville, Ontaria. 7-63-1 


Regiltered NUrlel for General Duty for l66-bed 
chest hospital. Residence accommodation, salary 
commensurate with experience and ability. Apply 
to: Director of Nursing, Niagara Peninsula Sana- 
torium, Box t5B, St. Catharines, Ontario. 7-111-2 


REGISTERED NURSES required FOR GENERAL DUTY in 
a modern fully accredited 300.bed hospilal. Excellenl 
working conditions, good personnel policies, 40 hour 
week, 9 statutory holidays, 3 weeks annual vaca- 
lion. Apply giving full particulars to: Personnel 
Direclor, General HOlpital, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. 
7.115-1 


Registered Nur... for General Duty in lOO-bed hos- 
pitol, localed 30-mi. from Oltawa, are urgently re- 
quired. Good personnel policies, accommodation 
available in new staff residence. Apply: Direclor of 
Nursing, District Memorial Hospital, Winchester, On- 
lario_ 7-144-1 


Regiltered Nurses for General StaH and Operating 
Room. Accredited 235-bed, modern, General Hospilal. 
Good personnel policies. Beginning latary $400 per 
month, recognition for experience, annual bonus plan. 
Planned in
service programs. Assistance with trans- 
porlatian. Apply: Direclor of Nursing, Sudbury Me- 
morial Hospilal, Regent Street,S., Sudbury, Onlario. 
7-127-4 A 


General Duty Nu.... for 66-bed General Haspital. 
5tarling salary: $405/m. Excellent personnel policies. 
Pension plan, life insurance, etc., residence accom- 
modalion. Only 10 min. from downlown 8uffalo. 
Apply: Direclor of Nursing, Douglas Memorial Hos- 
pilal, ForI Erie, Onlario. 7-45-t 


General Duty Nu.... for active General 77-bed Hos- 
pital in hearl of MUlkoka Lakes area: salary range 
$400 - $460 with consideration for previoul experience; 
excellent personnel policies and fringe benefits:nurses' 
residence available. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
HU
lsvilie Dislrict Memorial HOlpilal, Huntsville, On- 
laroo. 7-59-1 


General Duty Nurses for 100-bed modern hOlpilal. 
Southwestern Ontario, 32 mi. from London. Salary 
commensurate with experience and ability; $398/m 
basic salary. Pension plan. Apply giving full par- 
'Iculan to: The Director of Nunes, District Memorial 
Hospital, Tilisonburg, Onlario. 7.131-1 


General Duty Nur.es, Certified Nu..ing ASliltantl & 
Operating Room Technician (I) for new 50-bed hOI- 
pital with modern equipment, 4()..hr. wk., 8 statutory 
holidays, excellenl personnel policies & opportunity 
for advancement. Tourist town on Georgian Bay. 
Good bus connections to Toronto. Apply 10: Director 
of Nurses, General Hospilal, Meaford, Ontario. 7.79.1 


OPERATING ROOM NURSES (2) for a fully ac- 
crediled 70-bed General Wospilol. For Operating 
Room Duty. Salary according to experience. Apply to: 
O.R. Supervisor, Penetanguilhene General HOlpital, 
Pen-tanguishene, Ontario. 7
99-2 


Public Health Nur.. for active, progrelSive Health 
Unit with generalized programme. Salary $5200- 
$6500 per annum; four week.' vacation after one 
year; ulual employee benefils. Apply ta Supervisor 
of Public Health Nu..ing, Fort William and Dis- 
trict Health Unit, 900 Arthur Street, Fort William, 
Onlaria. 7-47-4 


Public Health Nur,," for Health Unit in Northern 
Onlario. Generalized Program. Good lalary and 
personnel policies. Apply: Supervisor of Nu..es, 
Porcupine Heallh Unit, Timminl, Ontario. 7-132-2 


60 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


I I 


ONTARIO 


Qualified Public Health Nu.... required for expand. 
ing generalized program in leading resort area. 
At1roctive salary ranges, fringe benefits, and travel 
allowance. For full deloils please contact: W. H. 
Bennett, M.D., D.P.H., Medical Officer of Health, 
Muskoka and District Health Unit, Bax 1019, 8race- 
bridge, Ontario. 7-15-2 
Public Health Nur,," - General program, salary 
range $5,030 ta $6,148 plus COlt of living bonus, 
presently 3%. Starting salary related to experience. 
Generous car allowance, cumulative sick leave 
month vacation. Employer shared O.M.E.R.S. and 
Canada Pension Plan, medical and hospital insurance. 
Apply 10: Dr. E.G. 8rown, M.O.H., Kent County 
Health Unit, Chatham, Ontario. 7-24.4 
Public Health Nun.. (qualified). Salary $5,100. 
$6,350. Car allowance, employer-Ihared OMERS 
Penlion Plan, Hospilol, Surgical and Medical Plans, 
Group Life Plan, sick leave credits, 4 weeks' vaca- 
tian and other benefits. Apply to: Mr. A.F. Stewart, 
Secretary-Treasurer, Wentworlh County Health Unil, 
Court House, Hamilton, Onlario. 7-55.14 


PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES for scenic urban and rural 
heallh unit, close to Ihe Capital Cily in the Upper 
Oltawa Valley Tourisl Area. Good summer and 
winter recreational facilities. Personnel policies pre- 
sently under review. Direct enquir
es to: Dr. R.V. 
Pelers, Director, Renfrew Counly Health Unil, 169 
William Slreel, Pembroke, Ontario. 7-98-2 A 


Public Health Nurses for generalized programme in 
a County-City Health Unit. Salary schedule $5,400 
to $6,600 per annum. 20 days vacalion. Employer 
shared pension plan, P.S.I. and hospitalization. 
Mileage allowance or unit cars. Apply to: Miss 
Veronica O'Leary, Supervisor of Public Health Nurs- 
ing, Peterborough Counly-City Heallh Unit, P.O. 
Box 246, Peterborough, Ontario. 7-10I-4A 


Public Health Nu..es for expanding Health Unit, 
generalized program, in Weiland County, duties to, 
C!,)mmence at mutual convenience. For personnel 
pol icies, salaries and other information. Apply to: 
Director, Weiland and Dillrict Heallh Unit, King 
Slreet al Fourlh, Weiland, Ontario. 7-141-2 A 
Vacancies for StaH Public Health Nurse.. Salary 
range $5,207 10 $6,598. Usual benefits, for delails 
apply: The Director, Sudbury and Districl Health 
Unit, 50 Cedar Street, Sudbury, Onlario. 7.1 27-5A 


QUEBEC 


OPERATING ROOM STAFF NURSES: (applications are 
invited). In a modern 350-bed hospital. Salaries 
commensurate with experience and postgraduate 
education. Cumulative .ick leave, 28 days annual 
vacation, retirement plan and other liberal fringe 
benefill. Apply: Director of Nursing Service, St. 
Mary's Hospilol, 3830 Lacombe Avenue, Manlreal 
26, Quebec. -9-47-39A 


SASKATCHEWAN 


Director of Nursing for a modern 36-bed hospilal. 
POlifion open Augult I, 1967. This hospital is fully 
air conditioned and apened in 1964. A suile is 
available in a new residence. Salary is in accor- 
dance with Ihe SRNA recommendalions. Apply Ilat- 
ing qualificationl and salary expected to: Mr. J. L. 
Fawætt, Administrator, Rosetown Union Hospital, 
Ro.etown, Saskatchewan. 10-111-1 


Director of Nunel required for 18-bed hospilal with 
a medical staff of two. Living in accommodalion 
suite in modern residence. Sick leave, pension plan, 
personnel policies and other fringe benefill. Pro. 
gressive town between Regina and Saskatoon 
with all transportation services. Salary open to 
negotiation. Enquiries should include experience, 
qualifications and lalary expected and address 10: 
The Administrator, Davidson Union Hospital, Box 
460 Davidson, Saskatchewan. 10-23-1 


Regiltered Nu.... and Certified Nu..ing Anistanll 
for 750-bed haspital, clole 10 dawntown. 8uilding 
and expansion program in progress. SRNA recom- 
mended salaries in effect. Experience recognized. 
Progressive personnel policiesa Apply: Nursing Re- 
cruitement Officer, Regina General Hospital, Regina, 
Saskatchewan. 


General Duty Nunel urgenfly needed for 41-bed 
hospital at lie à la Crosse, northern Saskatchewan. 
Hospital attractively localed On Lake Side and ser- 
viced by highway. Salary as per recommended 
schedule plus generoul northern allowance. Board 
and meals can be provided at the hospilal at low 
rate. Applicatians ta be sent to the Administrator 
St. Joseph'l Hospital, lie à la Crosse, Saskalche- 
wan. 10.48-1 


I I 


SASKATCHEWAN 


General Duty Gnd Operating Room NUrl.., olIo 
Certified Nuning Assilt...t. for S60-bed University 
Hospital. Salary commensurate with experience and 
preparations. Excellent opportunities to engage in 
progressive nursing. Apply: Director of Personnel, 
University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewaïö-II
A 


UNITED STATES 


REGISTERED NURSES: 25O.bed General Hospilal, ex- 
panding to 400, located in San Francisco, California. 
Positions on all shifts for nurses in Intensive Care 
Unit, Operating Room, and General Slaff Duty. 
Salary range $600-$700. Health and Life Insurance, 
Retiremenl Program - all hospital paid. Liberal 
holiday and vacalion benefits. Accredited medical 
residencies in Medicine, General Surgery, Neura 
Surgery, Orthopedics, and Plastic Surgery. For fur- 
ther information write to: Miss Lois Jahn, Director 
of Nursing, Franklin Hospital, 14th and Noe Streets, 
San Francisco, California. 15-5-4A 


OR SUPERVISOR: immediate challenging career ap- 
pointment in stimulating Son Francisco Bay area. 
Cultural and recreational advantages in ideal cli- 
mate vicinity. Completely modern general hOlpital. 
Professional satisfaction in supervision of active 
surgery. Experience at lupervilor and lor head 
nurse level preferred. Salary open. Liberal and in- 
clusive fringe benefits including hospitalizalion, life 
insurance, retirement, dilabil ity compensation, holi- 
day pay, sick leave to 30 paid days, vacation 10 
faur weeks with pay. Syslematic increales. For 
further informafion write or telephone collect: Di- 
rector of Nuning, Eden HOlpital, 20103 Lake Chabot 
Road, Caltro Valley, California. Area Code 415-537- 
1234. 15-5-13 


REGISTERED NURSES - Saufhern California - Op- 
porlunitiel available - 368-bed modern hOlpilal in 
Medical.Surgicol Labor and Delivery, Nunev, Oper- 
ating Room and Intensive and Coronary Care Units. 
Good salary and liberal fringe benefill. Continuing 
inservice education programa Located 10 miles from 
Los Angeles near skiing, swimming, cultural and edu- 
cational facilities. Temporary living accommodations. 
Apply: Direclor of Nursing Service, Sainf Joseph 
Hospital, Burbank, California 91503. 15-5-63 


REGISTERED NURSES Opportunifies available at 
415-bed hospital In Medical-Surgical, Labor and 
Delivery, Intensive Care, Operating Room and Psy- 
chiatry. No rolation of shift, good salary, evening 
and night differentials, liberal fringe benefitl. 
Temporary living accommodationl available. Apply: 
Miss Dalores Merrell, R.N., Personnel Director, Queen 
of Angels Hospital, 2301 Bellevue Avenue, LOl 
Angeles 26, California. 15-5-3G 


Staff Nunes needed for care of orlhapedically han- 
dicapped children. Modern building and equipment. 
Salary $550 per month plus altractive fringe bene- 
fits. Living quarters available. Write: Eleanor 
8aird, Shriners Hospital, 3160 Geneva Streel, LOl 
Angeles, California. 15-5-3-0 


REGISTERED NURSES Do You: Like peaple? Have a 
friendly outgoing persona lily? Wan I closer cont
cll 
with palienls? Would You: Like to make a contribu- 
tion to sociely by helping psychiatric palienls 
e- 
come useful citizens again? Be interested in learning 
more about the modern treatment methods for 
psychiatric patienls? Enjoy working in a lively 
progressive almosphere? Then: We need you. on 
our staff ot Kings View Hospital, Reedley, Cahfor- 
nia. A 55-bed privalely operaled CommunIty Mental 
Health Center in Central California. Weekend driv- 
ing distance to Los Angeles and San Francisco. 
Easy access to the Pacific Ocean and Sierra Nevada 
Mounlains. Starling annual salary of $6,720 for 
experienced R.N. Regular yearly increments for five 
years. Two weeks paid vacation-three weeks after 
three years. Seven paid halidays. Sick leave. Group 
hospitalization insurance. Orientation and inservice 
program. Contact: Director of Nursing, Kings View 
Hospital, P.O. Box 63t, Reedley, Calif. 93654.15-5-73 


REGISTERED NURSES: Mount Zion Hospilal and Me- 
dical Center's increased salary scales now double our 
attraction for nurses who find they cen afford to live 
by the Golden Gale. Expansion has created vacanciel 
for staff and specialty assignments. Address enquiry 
10: Personnel Department, 1600 Diviladero Street, San 
Francisco, California 94115. An equal opportunity 
employer. 15-5-4C 


Pro'e.sionnal Nurs.. - for immediate openings in 
274.bed general hospilal. Liberal fringe benefill. 
Enjoy interesting, challenging pOlition in the Ideal 
climate of Santa Monica Boy. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, Santa Monica Hospita', 1250, Sixteenth 
Slreet, Santa Monica, California. 15-5-40 


JULY 1967 



OPERATING ROOM NURSES 


(experienced) 
also 


STAFF NURSES 


required tor 


THE HAMILTON HEALTH ASSOCIATION 


operating: 


A GENERAL HOSPITAL 
A HOSPITAL FOR CONVALESCENT 
AND CHRONIC PATIENTS 
A REHABILITATION HOSPITAL 
A TUBERCULOSIS HOSPITAL 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
THE HAMILTON HEALTH ASSOCIATION 
Box 590, Hamilton, Ontario 
or phone 385-5341 


NURSES! An opportunity to 
GIVE and to RECEIVE 
SOMETHING OF VALUE 


..... 
..... 
..... 


I' .. , 
I1 11I -. 
1111 11 1111110 , 
II -I - 
II II II h II b II ... " . 1 
11 1 11 1 '.. 
1IIIIInn -.... 
11..... 11 
. L
. ... 


1 1 1 '111 
Ih' lll 
'HII II 
.'11111 
" _.... . i 
'" . . 


You may have the satisfaction of contributing a 
valuable service with scope for promotion, and op- 
portunity for sponsorship of further education in the 
following positions: 


...... 


.. 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING EDUCATION 
CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR 
GENERAL DUTY NURSE IN OPERATING 
ROOM OR INTENSIVE CARE UNIT 


ROYAL ALEXANDRA HOSPITAL 


EDMONTON, ALBERTA 


Planned orientation and an active Staff Development 
Programme for all nursing staff. 


Active treatment hospifal complex of 800 beds, with an addifional 
213 bed Children's Pavilion, opening in June, 1967. Services include 
a Women's Pavilion, Emergency and Out Patient Services, and 29 
bed Intensive Core Unit. Intensive Core Employees are given a 20- 
hour inservice program. Professional staff and certified nursing aides 
are poid a salary commensurate with previous experience and ad- 
difianal responsibilifies imposed in the deportment. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, 
STRATFORD GENERAL HOSPITAl 
The Festival City 
of 
Stratford, Ontario. 


POSITIONS AVAILABLE: 


Evening Supervisor Children's Povilion 
Head Nurses - Surgery 
General Staff Nurses for all services. 


This modern Hospital provides excellent working conditioN with 
current personnel policies. General staff nurse Solary $380-$450 
wifh re<:ognition for experience and post basic education. 


JULY 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 61 



UNITED STATES 


Registered NUries wanted for 78-bed General Hos- 
pital. Starting salaries at $525 per month with 
regular increments and shift differential. Good per- 
õonnel policies. Social activities include skiing and 
boating. Must be eligible for Alaska registration. 
Apply to: The Director of Nursing Service, St. Ann's 
Hespital, 419 - 6th Street, Juneau, Alaska 99801. 
15-2-3 


REGISTERED NURSES - for expanding hospital with 
five Medicol centers in Maine seacoast area. Ex- 
cellent Medical Staff, facilities, salary and fringe 
benefits. Unexcelled opportunity for outdoor sports 
and recreation. Openings in surgery, obstetrics, in- 
tensive care, supervisory positions and general 
duty. Contact: Director of Nurses, Maine Coast 
Memorial Hospital, Ellsworth, Maine. 15-19-1 


Supervising Nune. V.N.A. Established agency in 
city-county of 200,000 population. 3 nursing schools. 
Collegiate nursing school to be started. Good per- 
sonnel policies and fringe benefin. 2 hours from 
Port Huron; 1 'I. hours from Detroit and Ann Arbor. 
Coordinated Home Care Program. Write V.N.A., 522 
Cass Street, Saginaw, Michigan 48602 15-23-13 


Registered Nu..es: For ICAH General Accredited 
409-bed hospital in the heart of exciting New York 
City. Libera' benefin include four week vacation 


I I 


UNITED STATES 


after one year; $2000. Life insurance; Blue Croll 
and Blue Shield; etc. Salary commensurate with 
experience. Excellent opportunities for advancement. 
Apply to: Personnel Director, St. Clare's Hospital 
415 W. 51st Street, New York, N.Y. 10019 15-33-11 


ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR FOR NURSING SERVICE. 
Challenging growth opportunity for imaginative, 
capable nursing service administrator in position 
of Assistant Administrator for Nursing Services at 
Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, Ohio. This 
position requires a creative, highly motivated per- 
son with top qualifications, graduate education and 
productive experience. Full authority and responsibi- 
lity in the administration of all nursing services, de- 
velopment of organization, and initiation of programs. 
Member of Administrative Council with commensurate 
authority and status. Excellent economic considerations 
at Assistant Administrator level. A 500-bed general, 
acute teaching hospital with 360 additional beds 
under construction. Located in progressive capital 
and university city. Minimum of staffing problems. 
Personnel pol ides and wage program very attractive. 
Hospital and position have high and growing pres- 
tige. Incumbent retiring after eleven successful 
years in position. Please contact: Edgar O. Mans- 
field, DR. P.H., Administrator, Riverside Methodist 
Hospital, 3535 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, 
Ohio 43214. 15-36.5 


p 


NIGHT NURSE? 


University Hospital is pleased to announce that starting pay for night 
nurses now ranges from $30.00 to $33.00 per shift ($7,830 to $8,613 
for an annual starting salary)--depending on education and experience. 
After 4 years service, night nurSe solaries range up to $9,396.00 
per year. The base pay for permanent evening and rotafing tours 
has alsCÞbeen increased plus excellent University Staff benefits are 
offered to all nurses. 
University Hospital has a Service Department which assigns trained 
personnel to handle paperwork and other non-nursing chores, 
relieving our nurses for patient care exclusively. 
Ann Arbor is notionolly known as a Center of Culture wifh emphasis on 
art, music and drama--ond recognized as an exciting and desirable 
community in which to live. 
Write to Mr. George A. Higgins, A6001, University Hospital, 
University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan for 
more information, or phone collect (313) 764-3175. 
We are an Equol OppOr1\lnity Employer 
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 
MEDICAL CENTER, ANN ARBOR 


62 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


THE MONCTON 
HOSPIT AL 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 


requires a 


MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING INSTRUCTOR 
PAEDIATRIC NURSING INSTRUCTOR 
PHYSICAL SCIENCE INSTRUCTOR 
OPERATING ROOM aJNICAL INSTRUCTOR 


Salary commensurate with qual- 
ifications and experience with 
all fringe benefits. 


Apply in writing, giving full 
particulars to: 


Director of Nursing 


THE MONCTON HOSPITAL 


Moncton, New Brunswick 


Applications are invited for 
the position of 


DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING 


at 
THE QUEEN ELIZABETH 
HOSPITAL, TORONTO 


This posifion carries responsibility for the 
co-ordination of all facets of nursing ac- 
tivity within this SOQ-bed chronic and 
canvolescent hospital. This progressive in- 
stitution has far-reaching expansion plans, 
and the successful applicant will find 
this a challenge appointment. 
Preference will be given the applicant 
holding a Moster's or Bachelor's Degree 
in Nursing, and experience in Nursing 
service on applicable level. liberal salary 
scale and fringe benefits are in effect. 
A well.furnished opartment in residence 
is avoilable. 


Applications, or requests for ad- 
ditional information should be ad- 
dressed to: 
The Administrator 
THE QUEEN ELIZABETH HOSPITAL 
130 Dunn Avenue 
Toronto 3, Ontario 


JULY 1967 



ST. JOSEPH'S GENERAL HOSPITAL 


PORT ARTHUR, ONTARIO 
In June 1967 the opening of the new addition to the 1960 wing will complete 
our 250-bed modern hospital. Applications are invited for the following Services: 
Surgical, Medical, Pediatrics, Rehabilitation, and Intensive Care. 


HEAD NURSES for 
3 NURSING UNITS 


REGISTERED NURSES 


- 


HEAD NURSE for O. R. 


REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 


I' 


ORDERLIES 


B.Se.N. with experience 
preferred 


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Salary Commensurate with 
qualifications and 
experience 


.... . 
- . 


- --.. 


Planned Orientation 
Continuing Inservice 
Education 


- 


...!I 


Excellent Personnel Policies 


Opportunity to continue education at lakehead University 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing Service 
ST. JOSEPH'S GEN ERAL HOSPITAL 
Port Arthur, Ontario, Canada. 


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DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


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Required for Sanatorium, presently developing into 
a Three point program of patient care; 


1. TUBERCULOSIS 


THE SCARBOROUGH 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


2. CHRONIC CONVALESCENT 


3. MENTALLY DEFICIENT CHILDREN 


Invites applications from General Duty Nurses. Excellent personnel 
policies. An active and stimulating In-Service Education and 
Orientation Programme. A modern Management Training Pro- 
gramme to assist the career-minded nurse to assume managerial 
positions. Salary is commensurate with experience and ability. We 
encouroge you to toke advantage of the opportunities offered in 
this new and expanding hospital with its extended services in 
Paediatrics, Orthopaedics, Psychiatry, Cardiology, Operating Room, 
Emergency, and Intravenous Therapy. 


This will be a challenging opportunity for someone 
with Administrative experience. Salary to be ne- 
gotiated, full benefit program in effect. 


Apply to: 


For further information write to: 
Director of Nursing 
SCARBOROUGH GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Scarborough, Ontario 


Dr. Bruce H. Hopkins 
Medical Director 


ONGWANADA SANATORIUM 


790 Princess Street 
Kingston, Ontario 


JULY 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 63 



OSHA W A 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES FOR 
ALL DEPARTMENTS 


Starting salary for Ontario Regis- 
tered nurses $400 with 5 annual 
increments to $480 per month. 
Credit for acceptable previous 
service - one increase for two 
years, two increases for four or 
more years. 
Non-registered - $360.00 
Rotating periods of duty - 3 
weeks vacation - 8 statutory 
holidays. 
One day's sick credit per month 
beginning in the 7th month of 
service cumulative to 45 days. 
Pension Plan and Group Life 
Insurance - Hospital pays 50% 
of Medical, Blue Cross and Hos- 
pital Insurance premiums. 
Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
OSHAWA GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Oshawa, Ontario 


DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING SERVICE 


The Belleville General Hospital 
requires a Director of Nursing 
Service to be responsible for the 
administration of all nursing ser- 
vice activities. 


The hospital presently has a ca- 
pacity of 300 beds and will in- 
crease to a total of 450 beds in 
about one year, upon completion 
of a construction programme. 
The design incorporates a central 
Supply Process Dispatch system. 
Applicants should have a degree 
in nursing service administration 
as well as considerable expe- 
rience in a similar position. 
Applications and enquiries 
should be addressed to: 
Philip Rickard, Secretary 
Edith Cavell Regional 
School of Nursing 
BEllEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Belleville, Ontario. 


64 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


NURSING ADVISOR 


Applications are invited 
lor the 
Position of Nursing Advisor 


This is a newly created opening. There 
is a desire to expand the services of- 
fered ond to give effective leadership re- 
lated to changing educational programs. 
Desirable qualifications:-Bachelor's or 
Moster', Degree ond experience in Nurs- 
ing Service ond Nursing Educotion. Sol. 
ory negofioble. 
Address enquiries to: 
Mis, Nancy Watson, Executive Secretary 
REGISTERED NURSES' 
ASSOCIATION OF 
NOVA SCOTIA 
6035 CoburS Road 
Halifax, Nova Scotia 


UNITED STATES 


!!EGISTERE
 NURSES - for .unny California. Excit- 
Ing expansion program requires nurses for all serv- 
ices-Maternity, I.C.U., Specialized Surgery, etc. Excel- 
lent orientation and in-service programs. Promotional 
opportunities for Head Nurses and Supervisors. Con- 
genial atmosphere where progress begins with pa- 
tient care. Salary $550 to $650 for Stoff Nurses. 
Good .hift differential and fringe benefits. "Come 
grow with u.... Mr. Ken Clarke, R.N. - Diredo, of 
Nursing Service., Greater Baker.field Memo,iol Hos- 
pital, P.O. Box 1888, Bakersfield, California 93303. 
Write or call collect 805 - 327-1792. 15.5-5A 


Registered Nurse., Career satisfaction, interest and 
professionol growth unlimited in modern, JCAH ac- 
credited 243-bed hospitol. Located in one of Califor- 
nia's finest areas, recreational, educational and cul- 
tural advantages are your. a. well as wonderful 
year.round climate. If this combination is what 
you're looking for, contact us now!Staff nurse en- 
trance .alary $575-$600 per month; increases to 
$700 per month; .upervisory position. at highe.t 
rates. Special area and .hift differentials to $454. per 
month. Excellent benefits include free health and 
life insurance, retirement, credit union and liberal 
personnel pol ides. Professional staff appointments 
ovailable in all clinical a'eas to tho.e eligible fo, 
California licensure. Write today: Director of Nursing 
Eden Hospital. 20103 Lake Chabot Rood, Castro Vol: 
lev, Colifornia. 15-5-12 


REGISTERED NURSES - SAN FRANCISCO Child,en'. 
Ho.pital and Adult Medical Center ho.pital for men, 
women and children. California registration r.quired. 
Opportunities in all clinical area.. Excell.nt .alarie. 

iffere
tial. for e".eni,:,g. and nights. Holiday., vaca: 
tlonl, sick leave, life Inlurance, health insurance and 
employer-paid pen.ion-plan. Application. and details 
furni.hed on reque.t. Contact Per.onnel Director Chil- 
dren's Hospital, 3700 California Street, San FrC:ncisco 
18, Califo,nia. 15-5-4 


REGISTERED NURSES - Generol Duty for 84-bed 
JCAH hospitol I '12 hours from Son Francisco, 2 
hours from the Lake Tahoe. Starting .alary $6OO/m. 
w
th diffe
ntiol.. Apply: Director of Nurses, Mem. 
orlal Hospltol, Woodland, Califo,nia. 15.5-49B 


Staff Duty po.ition. (Nurs..) in privat. 403-bed 
hospital. Liberal per.onnel policie. and .alary. Sub- 
stontial differenrial for evening and night duty. 
Write: Per.onnel Dir.ctor, Hospital of The Good 
Samaritan, 12 J 2 Shatto Str..t, Lo. Angel.s 17, 
Colifornia. 15-5-311 


NURSES - ALL SHIFTS, ALL DEPTS. N.w Accredited 
99-bed Hospital. Starting Salary $600 month, Plus 
Differential, Liberal Benefit. - Contact Director 
of Nur..., Viewpa,k Community Hospital, 5035 
Colis.um St., Los Angeles, California 90016 15-5-3M 


Nurs.s fo, new 75-bed G.neral Ho.pital. Re.o,t 
areo. Ideal climat.. On beoutiful Pacific ocean. 
Apply to: Director of Nur.e., South Coast Com- 
munity Hospital, South Laguna. California. 15-5-50 


RED CROSS 
IS ALWAYS THERE 
WITH YOUR HELP 


UNITED STATES 


R.gist.r.d Nurs.. and C.rtified Nur.ing A.si.tants. 
Opening in .everal area., all .hifts. Every other week- 
end off, in .mall community ho.pital 2 mile. from 
Baston. Room. available. Hospital paid life in.urance 
and other liberal fringe benefits. RN salory $100 per 
week, plu. differential of $20 for 3-11 p.m. and 
11-7 a.m. shifts. C.N. As.'ts. $80 weekly plu. $10 for 
3-11 p.m. and 11-7 a.m. .hifts. Mu.t read, write, 
and .peak Engli.h. Write: Mi.s Byrne, Director of 
Nur.e., Chel.ea Memorial Ho.pitol, Chel.ea, Mas- 
.achu.etn 02150. 15-22-1 C 
GENERAL DUn NURSES. Salary, day. $500-$550; 
p.m. $525-$575; nights $520.$570 per month. In- 
crea.e. January I, 1967. Excellent benefits. 230-b.d 
regional referral General Ho.pital with intensive 
care and coronary units. Postgraduate classes avail- 
able at two universities. Extensive intern and resi- 
dent teaching program. Ho.pital located adiacent to 
Northwest'. largest private clinic. Free hou.ing fir.t 
month. Canadian trained nurses with psychiatric 
affiliation please write: Personnel Director, Virginia 
Ma.on Ho.pital, 1111 T&I'ry Avenu., Seallle, Wa.h- 
ington 98101. 15-48-2B 


Want.d - G.n.ral Duty Nurs... Applications now 
being taken for nursing positions in a new addi- 
tion to the existing hospital including surgery, cen- 
tral sterile and supply, general duty. Salary $550 
per month plu. fringe benefits. Contact: Directo, of 
Nurses, Alamosa Community Hospital Alamosa, 
Colorado. 15.6-1 
REGISTERED NURSES: for 75-bed air-conditioned 
hospital, growing community. Starting .alary $330- 
$365/m, fringe ben.fits, vocation, .ick leave, holi. 
days, life insurance, hospitalization. 1 meal furnilh- 
ed. Write: Administrator, Hendry G.n.ral Ho.pital, 
Clewiston, Florida. 15-10.1 
GENERAL DUTY AND LICENSED PRACTICAL NURSES: 
J 15-bed JCAH ho.pital on .hore. of Lake Okeecho- 
bee. Liberal p.rsonnel policie.; .tarting .alary for 
RN'.. $525 (for LPN'. $375) with 10% differenfial 
for each group evening. and nights. Free meal.; 
nur.e.' re.idence available. Apply: Director of 
Nur.e., Glade. G.neral Hospital, Belle Glade, Flo- 
rida 33430. 15-I0-3A 
REGISTERED NURSES: Excellent opportunity for ad- 
vancement in atmosph&l'e of medical excell.nce. Pro- 
gressive patient care including Intensive Care and 
Cardiac Core Unit.. Finely .quipped growing 200-bed 
suburban community ho.pitol on Chicago'. beautiful 
North Shore. Modern, furnished apartment. are 
ovailable for .ingle profes.ional wom.n. Other 
fringe benefits include paid vocation after .ix 
months, paid life insurance, 50% tuition refund and 
.taff development program. Salary range from $550- 
$660 j er month plu. .hift diff.rential. Contact: 
Donol L. Thomp.on, R.N., Director of Nursing, 
Highland Pork Ho.pital, Highland Pork, lIIinoi. 
60035. 15-14-3C 


STAFF NURSES: Univer.ity of Wa.hington. 320-bed 
modern, expanding Teaching and R..earch Hospital 
located on campus offers you on opportunity to 
ioin the .taff in one of the following .pecialtie.: 
Clinical Research, Premature Center, Open Heart 
Surgery, Physical Medicine, Orthopedic., Neurosur. 
gery, Adult and Child p.ychiatry in addition to 
the General Services. Salary: $501 to $576. Unique 
benefit program includes free University courles after 
six months. For information on opportunities, write 
to: Mrs. Ruth Fine. Director of Nursing Services, 
Univer.ity Hospital, 1959 N.E. Pacific Avenue, 
Seottle. Wa.hingtan 98105. 15-48-2D 


JULY 1967 



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UNIVERSITY 
OF ALBERTA 
HOSPITAL 


EDMONTON, ALBERTA, 
CANADA 


A 1,200 bed teaching hospital, with a School of Nursing of 450 students. A rapidly expanding Medical 
Center, situated on a growing University Campus. 


NURSING OFFERS 


* Planned Orientation Programme 
* In Service Educafian Programme 
* Organized programme to provide op- 
porfunities for Team leaders, leader. 
ship Responsibility 
* OpportunifÎes for Professional develop- 
ment in O.R., Coronary Care, Cardiac 
Surgery, Renal Dialysis, Neurosurgery, 
and Rehabilitation 


... I' 
. .. 
.. 
. 
. 


BENEFITS 


* Excellent Patient Care Facilities 


* Salary scaled to qualification and ex- 
perience 


* liberal personnel policies 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 
WOODSTOCK 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO 


Will require 


TEACHERS - AUGUST. 1967 


For the approved two year cur- 
riculum with a third year of ex- 
perience in nursing service. (50 
students enrolled annually) 
Qualifications: University prepa- 
ration in Nursing Education Or 
Public Health. 
Salary: Commensurate with ex- 
perience and education. 


Apply to: 


The Director,School of Nursing, 
WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Woodstock, Ontario. 


JULY 1967 


.", 



 


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. 


For more information write to: 
Director of Nursing 


UNIVERSITY 
OF ALBERTA 
HOSPITAL 


Edmonton, Alberta 
Canada 


ASSISTANT 
DIRECTOR 


of 
NURSING EDUCATION 
Applicants are invited for this 
position in a new and well 
equipped School of Nursing 
building. New curriculum for an 
Independent Sehool being de- 
veloped. Total enrollment of 150- 
200 students. Salaries and Fringe 
Benefits at Metropolitan level. 
Qualifications - B.Se.N. with 
experience in Nursing Education. 
CLINICAL TEACHERS 
in Psychiatric Nursing, Paediatric 
Nursing and Fundamentals of 
Nursing required to assist in new 
program. 
Qualifications - B.Se.N. or Di- 
ploma in Nursing Education. 
Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
BRANTFORD GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 
Brantford, Ontario 


AJAX AND 
PICKERING 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


AJAX, ONTARIO 
127 Beds 


Nursing the patient as an indi- 
vidual. Vacancies, General Duty 
R.N.'s and Registered Nursing 
Assistants for all areas, Full time 
and part time. Salaries as in Me- 
tro Toronto. Consideration for ex- 
perience and education. Excellent 
fringe benefits. Residence accom- 
modation, single rooms, House- 
keeping privileges. 


Apply to: 


NURSING OFFICE PERSONNEL 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 65 



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There's a 
better way 
to go! 


Pr...byterian has the answer to your hopes 
. . . your dreams. It's right here in our 
modern, expanding hospital. We have the 
finest facilities fa enhance your career in 
nursing. Here in our high, dry, sunny cli.. 
mate with educational and cultural oppor- 
tunities galore, life takes on added zest 
and meaning. In fact there's a whole new 
way of life here in one of the fastest 
growing metropolitan areas of the South- 
west. Choose Presbyterian where your skill 
and individual contributions are appreciated. 



h 
PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL CENTER 
ALBUQUERQUE, HEW MEXICO 87106 


** Sforting salary to $555.00 a monfh 
** 500 bed hospifal 
** Personol orientotion progrom 
** liberol fringe benefits 
** Continuing educotionol progroms 
** Airline trovel poid 
** Coreer odvoncement opportunities 
** Two universities 
** Twenty minutes from neorby moun- 
tains 
EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER 


Mail coupon or call coiled (505-243-9411, 
Ext. 219) 
r M-:;: S::-n ;;;:;'e,
i::or:;
.. - I 
Recruitment, Presbyterian Hospital Cent.r, 
Deportment B, Albuquerque, 
New Mexico 87106 
Please mail me more information about 
nursing at Presbyterian Hospital Center and 
tell me how I may start my new way of 
lif.. 


I 
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NAME I 
ADDRESS I 
CITY . ___00 STATE . 
I SCHOOL OF NURSING I 
YEAR OF GRADUATION ......... 
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66 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


OWEN SOUND GENERAL 
AND MARINE HOSPITAL 


requires 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES 


This 250-bed modern hospital is 
located in a year round recrea- 
tion area with activities only 
minutes from hospital or home. 
Salary $400 - $480 per month. 
Experience and post basic edu- 
cation recognized. A new Re- 
gional School of Nursing com- 
mences this fall and a 2 + 1 
Educational Programme is pre- 
sently in progress. 


Apply to: 


Miss W. Bell, 
Director of Nursing Service. 


DIRECTOR 
REGIONAL SCHOOL 


OF 


OF NURSING 


"KIRKLAND LAKE" 


Applications are invited for the 
position of Director of a new 
Regional School of Nursing to be 
established in Kirkland Lake with 
an annual enrollment of 30 
students encompassing five area 
hospitals. An excellent opportu- 
nity to develop a program from 
the erection of the building to 
operating the school. 
Please direct enquiries to: 
The Secretary of the Steering 
Committee: 
R. J. Cameron r Administrator r 


KIRKLAND AND DISTRICT 
HOSPITAL 


Kirkland Lake, Ontario. 


ONTARIO SOCIID 


FOR 


CRIPPLED CHILDREN 


l 


Invites applications from Public 
Health Nurses who have at least 
2 years experience in general- 
ized public health nursing, pre- 
ferably in Ontario. 


INTERESTING AND VARIED 
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 
IN AN EXPANDING PROGRAM 
INCLUDE: 


. an opportunity to work direct- 
ly with children, their parents, 
health and welfare agencies, 
and professional groups 


. participation in arranging 
diagnostic and consultant cli- 
nics 


. assessing the needs of the 
individually handicapped child 
in relation to services provided 
by Easter Seal Clubs and the 
Society. 


Attractive salary schedule with 
excellent benefits. Car provided. 
Pre-service preparation with sa- 
lary. 


Apply in writing to: 


Director, Nursing Service, 
350 Rumsey Road r 
Toronto 17, Ontario 


JULY 1967 



EL CAMINO HOSPITAL 
LOCATED IN BEAUTIFUL SANTA CLARA VALLEY 
YEAR 'ROUND SMOG-FREE TEMPERATE CLIMATE 


Registered Nurses - 
All Service. 
Starting salory for 
Experienced 
Regisfered Nurses 
$550 per month 
448-bed fully-occred- 
ited general hospi- 
tal located 40 min- 
ufes south of 
downtown San 
Francisco 
Ample opportunity 
for professionol 
development as 
there are two col- 
leges and fwa uni- 
versifies in the 
immediafe vicinity 
Excellent recreational 
facilifies in close 
prox im ity to the 
hospital 


. 


- 


--- 


Benefits Include: 


Plonned orientation 
progrom 
Continuing in-service 
education 
Two fo four weeks 
vacotian 


Eight paid holidays 
Accumulative sick 
leave 
Free group life 
insurance 


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Fully paid health in- 
surance including 
fomily coveroge 
Fully paid retirement 
program 
liberol shift 
differential 
40-hour week 


- 

 


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PRINCIPAL 


REGIONAL SCHOOL 
OF NURSING 


Applications are invited for the 
position of Principal of the Edith 
Cavell Regional School of Nurs- 
ing. 
Plans are being developed to 
provide cfassroom facilities for 
210 students. Residence accom- 
modation will be constructed on 
the school premises. Clinical in- 
struction will be provided in hos- 
pitals located at Trenton, Picton, 
Campbellford and Belleville. 


Applications and enquiries should 
be addressed to: 
The Secretary 
EDITH (A YEll REGIONAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
c/o The Belleville General 
Hospital 
Belleville, Ontario 


,UL Y 1967 


..... 


Apply fo: 
PERSONNEL DIRECTOR 
EI Camino Hospital 
2500 Grant Road 
Mountain View, California 94040 


PROVINCE OF 
BRITISH COLUMBIA 


requires 


INSTRUCTOR 


Aide Orientation and Training Program 
for 
Diy. of Nuning Educatian, Menta' Health 
Service., ESSONDALE, B.C. 
SALARY: $456 rising to $559 per month, 
plus $25 per month for cerfificate or 
University degree or $10 per month for 
clinical program; plu. $30 per month 
for two years' teaching experience in a 
psychiatric nurse program. 
DUTIES: Instructing psychiatric aides, cur- 
riculum planning; word teaching and de- 
manstrotion, examining new trends. 
Applicants must be Canadion citizens or 
British subjects with membership or el- 
Igibility for membership as Registered 
Nurse in B.C., preferably with post-basic 
preparation in teaching, supervision and 
psychiatric nursing and suitable experi- 
ence in general or psychiatric nursing. 


Obtain application forma from 
The Personnel Officer, B.C. Civil 
Service, Valleyview Lodges, E5- 
SONDALE, B.C. 
COMPETInON NO. 67:372 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
SERVICE 


FOR 
MANITOBA REHABILITATION 
HOSPITAL 


WINNIPEG, Manitoba 
Fully accredited 160-bed rehabi- 
litation hospital and 64-bed res- 
piratory disease wing. This is a 
five year old modern facility 
with a very active program in all 
departments. Salary commensur- 
ate with qualifications and ex- 
perience. 


For further information 
write to: 


Executive Director 


MANITOBA REHABILITATION 
HOSPITAL 


800 Sherbrook Street 
Winnipeg 2, Manitoba 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 67 



THE HOSPIT AL o
 'to 

 SA 
c!þ c, POSITIONS OPEN 
FOR /tA 

 
SICK CHILDREN " T 

 . Assistant Director. < 
Nursing Service - Evenings 
. Inservice Education - 
./ Co-Ordinator 
-
 Apply to: 

 .,.. DIRECTOR 
0 

 *' " 
;z, OF 
 
'-- &
 NURSING 
,.. 

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OFFERS: 


1. Satisfying experience. 


2. Stimulating and friendly en- 
vironment. 


3. Orientation and In-Service 
Education Program. 


4. Sound Personnel Policies 


5. liberal vacation. 


APPLICATIONS FOR REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS INVITED. 


For detailed information 
please write to: 


The Assistant Director 
of Nursing 
AUXILIARY STAFF 


555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Ontario, Canada 


68 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 


HOSPITAL - 
Newly expanded 350-bed hospital. Progressive patient care con- 
cept. 


SALARY - 
General Staff Nurses (Currently Registered in Ontario) $400.00 - 
$480. - 5-increments. 
Registered Nursing Assistants (Currently Registered in Ontario) 
$295.00 - $331.00, - 3 increments. 
HOUSING - 
Furnished apartments available at subsidized rates. 


JOB SATISFACTION- 
High quality patient care and friendly working environment. We 
appreciate our personnel and encourage their professional develop- 
ment. 


You are invited to enquire concerning employment opportunities to: 
Director of Nursing 


HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 


200 Church Street, Weston, Ontario 
Telephone 249-8111 (Toronto) 


JULY 1967 



What does 
Methodist Hospital 
have to offer me? 


At the Methodist Hospital, where research is a part 
of progress, a nursing career takes on new horizons - 
rich in meaning and professional satisfaction. 
If you're looking for the chance to be the nurse 
you've always dreamed of - coming to the world 
famous Methodist Hospital can be an adventure - 
almost like stepping into the future - splendid 
facilities, so much advance equipment and 
everywhere the newest medical and patient care 
tethniques are in use. 
Some of the best aspects of nursing at METHODIST 
are as old as medicine itself - there is a spirit of 
kindness and consideration, and emphasis on patient 
care, that make this a hospital where nursing is 
satisfying and rewarding, day by day. 
Methodist Hospital is right in the center of the world's 
great Medical, Research and Educational complexes. 
HOUSTON is an exciting city - rodeo and opera, 
pro.football and the famous Alley Theatre, water sports 
and beaches an hour or less away, the Houston 
Symphony and the Astrodome! 


A Few Quick Facts: We're affiliated with Baylor 
University College of Medicine and associated with 
Texas Woman's University College of Nursing. 
New $9\12 million Cardiovascular and Orthopedic 
Research Center will open soon. Our Inservice 
Education Department gives you thorough 
orientation, and continued instruction in new 
concepts and techniques. You'll find every 
encouragement to broaden your skills, 
including tuition assistance in obtaining 
further education in nursing. 


Send for Your Color1ul Informative Illustrated 
Brochure. . . to learn about Methodist Hospital, 
Houston, positions available, salary and employment 
benefits, tuition allowance, complimentary room 
accommodation and our Nurse Specialist Programs. 
Write, call or send coupon, Director of Personnel, 
The Method,st Hospital, Texas Medical Center, 
Houston, Texas 77025 


r-------------------------------------ì 
I Director of Personnel, THE METHODIST HOSPITAL, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77025 I 
I Please send me your brochure about nursing opportunities at THE METHODIST HOSPITAL-Texas Medical Center I 
I I 
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I Add ress I 
I I 
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CENTENNIAL 


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BE IN 
YEAR! 


OTTAWA CIVIC HOSPITAL 
Ottawa, Ontario 


HOSPITAL: 
A newly expanded 257 bed hospital with such progressive 
care concepts as a 12-bed LC.U.. 22-bed psychiatric and 
24-bed self Care unit. 
IDEAL LOCATION: 
45 minutes from downtown Toronfo. 15-30 minufes from eX- 
cellent summer ond winter resort areas. 
SALARIES: 
Registered Nurses: $400.00 - $480.00 per month. 
Registered Nursing Assistants: $295.00 - $331.00 per month. 
FURNISHED APARTMENTS: 
Swimming pool. tennis courts. etc. (see above) 
OTHER BENEFITS: 
Medical and hospital insurance. group life insurance, pension 
plan, 40 hour week. 


Enjoy life in green and pleasant Ottawa. Daily 
train ond bus service to Expo '671 Challenging 
work in a modern teaching Hospital of 1087 
beds, where administra1ion is progressive and 
sfaff participation encouraged. In-service Educa- 
tion program well established. Excellent salories. 
personnel palicies and fringe benefits to: 


REGISTERED NURSES 


for all services including Operating Room ond 
Psychiatry. 


Apply in writing to: 


Please address all enquiries to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL 


596 Davis Drive 
Newmarket, Ontario 


Miss B. JEAN MILLIGAN, Reg.N., M.A. 
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR. 


JULY 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 69 



DEPARTMENT OF 
PUBLIC HEALTH 


PROVINCE OF NOVA SCOTIA 


olters 


BURSARIES FOR NURSES 


Graduate nurses who are eligible for University en- 
trance and have an interest În a career in Public 
Health Nursing are invited to apply. 


Bursaries will cover educational costs and provide 
living allowance. 


Applications for bursaries and further information 
may be obtained by contacting: 
Director of Public Health Nursing 
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEAlTH 
P.O. Box 448 
Halifax, Nova Scotia 


A-5614 


DIRECTOR OF SCHOOL 
OF NURSING 


REQUIRED FOR 
DISTRICT SCHOOL OF NURSING 


Minimum Requirement - B. Sc. N., with five years 
experience, two of these in Nursing Education. 


Apply to: 


Mr. Harold Swanson, Chairman, 


BOARD OF NURSING EDUCATION 


220 Clarke Street 


WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO 


70 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


MAIMONIDES HOSPITAL 
AND HOME FOR THE AGED 


AN OPPORTUNITy.... 
A CHALLENGE.... 
A NEW EXPERIENCE.... 


SUPERVISORS, STAFF NURSES, NURSING 
ASSISTANTS, INSTRUCTORS, PSYCHIATRIC 
NURSE: 


We invite you to ioin the nursing staH of New Mai. 
monides. 


LIBERAL VACATION . HEALTH AND 
PENSION PLANS . SALARIES COM- 
MENSURATE WITH RKOGNIZED SCALES 


Apply to: 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


5795 Caldwell Avenue 
Montreal 29, Quebec 


REGISTERED NURSES 


Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois is a 
new 587-bed General Hospital, located in a pleasant 
suburb of Chicago. 
The hospital is modern with a wide range of services 
to patients, including Hyperbaric Oxygen Unit. Low- 
cost modern housing next to the hospital is available. 
The hospital is completely air-conditioned. 
Annual beginning salary is from $6,000 plus shift 
differential pay. Regular salary increments at six 
months of service and yearly thereafter. Sick leave 
and other fringe benefits are also available. 


Write or call collect: 


Director of Nursing Services 


LUTHERAN GENERAL HOSPITAL 
PARK RIDGE, ILLINOIS 60068 
Telephone: 692-2210 Ext. 211 
Area Code: 312 


JULY 1967 



SUNNYBROOK 
HOSPITAL 


REGISTERED NURSES 


General Duty Nurses on rotating 
shifts are needed as part of the 
re-organization of Sunnybrook as 
a university teaching hospital, 
Employment in our Nursing Ser- 
vices Department includes: 


- Metro Toronto Salary Scale 
Accommodation at reduced 
rates. Full range of fringe 
benefits 


- Theree weeks vacation after 
1 year 


- Good location 
subway on 
grounds. 


bus from 
to hospital 


For additional information 
, 
please write: 
Director of Personnel 
and Public Relations, 
SUNNYBROOK HOSPITAL 


2075 Bayview Avenue 
Toronto 12, Ontario 


JULY 1967 


The Saskatchewan 
Registered Nurses' 
Association 


Invites applications 
for the position of 


NURSING SERVICE 
ADVISOR 


The applicant must have advan- 
ced preparation and experience 
in Nursing Service. 
For further information and ap- 
plication form, 


Please contact: 


MRS. AGNES GUNN 
President - SRNA 
No. 8 - 3838 Retallack Street 
Regina, Saskatchewan 


REGISTERED NURSES 


FOR 


GENERAL DUTY 


In modern, 220-bed, fully accre- 
dited General Hospital located 
in a thriving farming and in- 
dustrial community 135 miles 
from Metropolitan Winnipeg on 
the Trans Canada Highway and 
60 miles from beautiful Clear 
lake resort. Almost new, well- 
equipped hospital providing 
quality patient care and friendly 
working environment. Salary 
$375-$460, five increments. Ex- 
cellent personnel policies. 


Apply in confidence to: 
Director of Nuning, 
BRANDON GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Brandon, Manitoba. 


THE HOSPIT AL 


FOR 


SICK CHILDREN 



 


"\ 
\ 


1 


I 



' 
1 


YOU 


Receive the advantages of: 


1. Five-week orientation 
gram for new staff. 


pro- 


2. Ongoing in-service education 
for nurses. 


3. Extensive student education 
program. 


4. Research Institute. 


APPLICATION FOR GENERAL 
DUTY POSITIONS INVITED 


For information contact: 


THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Canada 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 71 



OPERATING ROOM 
SUPERVISOR 


Postgraduate trained. 


For 61-bed well-equipped 
hospital. 


Apply: 


Administrator 
WILLETT HOSPITAL 


Paris, Ontario 


THE MONTREAL 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Applications are invited for the position 
of 


Head Nurse on a 
Psychiatric Unit. 


Clinical experience in psychiarric nursing 
and a diploma or baccalaureate degree 
in nursing administration required. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
THE MONTREAL 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
1650 Cedar Avenue 
Montreal 25, Quebec 


DIRECTOR Of SCHOOL 
Of NURSING 


THE OTTAWA REGIONAL SCHOOL OF 
NURSING 
has on opening for a Director. 
REQUIREMENTS: Master's Degree prefer- 
red and a good working knowledge of 
English and French. 
CHALLENGE: A unique opportunify to par- 
ticipate in the plans for the building 
of the school and in the developmenf 
of the programme for bilingual stu- 
denfs. 
APPOINTMENT, To be mode as soon as 
possible. 
APPLICATIONS: Interested applicants are 
invited to correspond wifh: 


The Chairman of the Board 
of Directors, 
Mr. LAVAL FORTIER, 
269 Stewart Street, 
Ottawa 2, Ontario 


72 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


A progressive 27o-bed acute General 
Hospital situated in the INTERIOR OF 
BRITISH COlUMBIA. 


Invites applications from 


GRADUATE NURSES 


(B.C. REGISTRATION) 


In addition to a new building, renovations 
now almost completed have increased our 
potient facilities. 


Please state preference of working area 
when applying to: 


Director of Nursing 
ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL 
Kamloops, B.C. 


DAUPHIN GENERAL HOSPITAL 
DAUPHIN, MANITOBA 


A 130-bed hospifal loco fed fen miles 
north of Riding Mounfain Notional Park 
and fhe summer resort of Clear Lake 
requires: 
Director of Inservice Education 
Head Nurse for Obstetrics and 
Gynecology Unit 
Head Nurse for Male Surgery 
and 
General Duty Nurses for all 
nursing areas. 
Duties to commence August or Sepfember 


Apply stating qualifications to: 
Director of Nursing 
DAUPHIN GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Dauphin, Manitoba 


MEDICINE HAT 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


MEDICINE HAT, ALBERTA 


STAFF NURSES 


Currenf Recommended 
Salary Scales 


Appty: 


Director of Nursing 
or any 
CANADA MANPOWER CENTRE 


WILSON MEMORIAL 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


requires 


REGISTERED NURSES FOR 
GENERAL DUTY 
REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 


2()"bed hospifal. Situated in a thriving 
Northwestern Ontario community. 
Room and board provided. 


For full particulars, 
Write to: 
Director of Nursing 
Marathon, Ontario 


THE I.O.D.E. HOSPITALS 


WINDSOR, ONTARIO 


Requires Registered Nurses for the Neuro- 
surgical Unit. 4()..hour week - Pension 
plan - Good solaries and personnel 
policies. 


Appty: 


Director of Nursing 
THE I.O.D.E. HOSPITALS 
1453 Prince Road 
Windsor, Ontario 


I 


SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 


COOKSYlllE, ONTARIO 


A new 450-bed General Hospifal, located 
12 miles from the City of Toronto, hat 
opening. for: 


(1) GENERAL STAFF NURSES in 011 de. 
portment.; 


(2) Registered Nursing Assistonts in all 
departments. 


For information or application, write to: 


Director of Nursing 
SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 
Cooksville, Ontario 


JULY 1967 



WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Requires 


GENERAL STAFF NURSES 


All DEPARTMENTS 


and 


O.R. TECHNICIANS 


Apply: 
Director of Nursing 
WOODSTOCK 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Woodstock, Ontario 


McKEUAR GENERAL HOSPITAL 


requires 


Regisfered Nurses for General Sfaff. The 
hospital is friendly and progressive. 
If is now in the beginning stages of a 
$3,500.000 program of expansion and 
renovation. 


- Openings in all serviæs. 
- Proximity to Lakeheod 
ensures opportunity for 
education. 


University 
furthering 


For full particulars write to: 
Director 
of Nursing Service 
McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL, 
Fort William, Ontario. 


SI. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
Hamilton, Ontario 


requires 


CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS in all Nursing 
areas. Well-equipped, modern School of 
Nursing. Student enrolment over 300. 
Modern, progressive, BOO-bed Hospital. 
Salary commensurate with preparation 
and experience. 


For further details, apply: 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


UL Y 1967 


PORT COLBORNE 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


PORT COLBORNE, ONTARIO 


STAFF NURSES 


required 


For 166-bed hospifOI within easy driving 
distance of American and Canadian me- 
tropalifan cenfres. Considerofion given for 
previous experience obfoined in Conodo. 
Completely furnished aporfment-style resi- 
dence. including balcony and swimming 
pool facing lake, adjacent to haspifal. 


Apply: 
Director of Nuning 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Port Colborne,Ontario 


REGISTERED NURSES 


For new loo-bed General Hospitol in the 
beginning stoges of on exponsion pro' 
gram, located on the beaufiful Lake of the 
Woods. Three hours' travel time from 
Winnipeg with good transporfation avail- 
able. Wide voriety of summer and win- 
ter sports - swimming, booting, fishing, 
golfing, skating, curling. tobogganing, 
skiing. 
Salary: $415 with allowonce for experi- 
ence. Residence available. Good per- 
sonnel policies. 


Appty to: 
Director of Nursing 
KENORA GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Kenora, Ontario 


A REGISTERED NURSE 
BILINGUAL 


Required for a Supervisory Posifion in a 
modern eO-bed hospital expanding to 
150 beds. Locafed in fhe Eosfern Town- 
ships, on attractive. dynamic community 
50 miles soufh of Montreal. Postgraduafe 
training in Supervision on asset. Salary 
in accordance wifh Quebec Hospifal In- 
suranæ Service. 


Write to: 
Director of Nursing 
BROME-MISSISQUOI-PERKINS 
HOSPITAL 
Cowansville, Quebec 


ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 


LONDON, ONTARIO 


Teaching Hospital, 600 beds, new facilities 


requires. 


REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


For further information apply: 


The Director of Nursing 
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 
London, Ontario 


DIREOOR OF NURSING 
EDUCATION 


Masfer's degree preferred; fo conduct 
basic nursing progrom and offi/liote pro' 
gram. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, 
CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL 
OF WINNIPEG, 
Winnipeg, Manitoba. 


MEDICINE HAT 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
MEDICINE HAT, ALBERTA 


INSTRUCTORS 
POSITIONS 


ONE MEDICAL NURSING TEACHER 
ONE SURGICAL NURSING TEACHER 
ONE SCIENCE NURSING INSTRUCTOR 


Closs 25-30 Studenfs 
Current Recommended 
Salory Scoles 


Apply: 
Director of Nursing Education 
or any 
CANADA MANPOWER CENTRE 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 73 



GRADUATE NURSES 


required 


For fhis modern 259-bed hospital in 
the beautiful Niogara Peninsula. Excel- 
lent personnel policies and working con- 
ditions. Salary range $400 to $480 per 
month when registered in Onforio. Starf- 
ing .alary will depend on experience. 
Private room. available in residence $20. 
per month. 


P'ease app'y to: 


Miss L. M. R. Lambe 
Director of Nursing 
WELLAND COUNTY 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Weiland, Ontario 


ST. THOMAS.ELGIN 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Requires 


GENERAL STAFF NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 
O. R. TECHNICIANS 


Modern 395 bed, fully accredited General 
Hospifal opened in 1954. with School of 
Nursing. ExcellenT personnel policies. 
O. H. A. Pension Plan. pleasant progres- 
sive industrial cify of 22,500. 


Apply: 
Director of Nursing, 
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 
St. Thomas, Ontario. 


REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 


required lor 
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Construction of 0 new hospital scheduled 
for compleTion November 1967 will in- 
crease the bed capacity to 450. Included 
in the new hospital will be the Friesen 
concept of equipment and material sup- 
ply. Solary commensurafe with prepora- 
fion and experience. Benefits Include Ca- 
nada Pension Plan. Hospital Pension Plan. 
Group Life Insurance. Accumulative .Ick 
leave. Ontario Hospital Insurance and 
P.S.1. - 50% payment by hospital. 


Appty: 
'.r,onn.1 Director 
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 
leUevlUe, Ontario 


74 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL 
OF OTTAWA 


A new, air-conditioned 340-bed hospifal. 
Applicotians ore called for Nurses for the 
positions of: 


GENERAL STAFF NURSES 


and 
REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 


Address all enquiries to: 
Director of Nursing 
RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL 
OF OTTAWA 
1967 Riverside Drive, 
Ottawa, Ontario 


LADY MINTO HOSPITAL 


OFFERS 


1. Sfimulafing Environment 


2. Sound, liberal personnel policies. 


3. R.N. salary range $415 to $495. 


4. Residence available. 


Registered Nurses invited to apply to: 


Director of Nursing 
LADY MINTO HOSPITAL 
Chapleau, Ontario 


TORONTO EAST 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Applications are invited from Teacher. 
interesTed in a progressive educational 
progrom. Applicants with baccalaureote 
degree preferred. Diploma in Nursing Edu- 
cation and working 10ward a degree ac- 
cepted. Good personnel policies. 


Appty to: 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
825 Coxwell Avenue 
Toronto 13, Ontario 


REGISTERED NURSES 


For 61-bed General Hospital 


App'y: 


Administrator 


WILLETT HOSPITAL 


Paris, Ontario 


REGISTERED NURSES 


required 


For modern l000-bed occredifed hospital. 
Excellent advancement oppartunifies. 
Wide range of services provided in 
Surgery, Medicine, Emergency, Intensive 
Core, Chronic, Mafernify, Psychiafric, Or- 
thopaedic, etc. Excellent wages and be- 
nefits program including 10 sfafufory 
holidays. 


Please app'y to: 
Personnel Department 
HENDERSON GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 
Hamilton, Ontario 


OBSTETRICAL SUPERVISOR 


and 


HEAD NURSE IN 
DELIVERY ROOM 


Experience in 1eaching preferred. 


Apply: 


Director of Nursing 
SUDBURY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 
Regent Street, S. 
Sudbury, Ontario 


JULY 196: 



School of Nursing 


SI. MARY'S HOSPITAL 


Timmins, Ontario 


requires 


TEACHERS 


fo participafe in 0 3-year program plan- 
ning change to two + 1. 
Student enralmen1 of 65. University pre- 
paration required. 


For information write to: 


Director School of Nursing 
ST. MARY'S HOSPITAL 
Timmins, Ontario 


INTENSIVE CARE UNIT 


HEAD NURSE 
GENERAL DUTY NURSES 


wanted for a 6-bed manifored medicol- 
surgical unit. 


For further information apply to: 


Director of Nursing 
KELOWNA GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Kelowna, British Columbia 


GENERAL DUTY 
REGISnRED NURSES 


required 


For 200-bed accredited haspifal. Sfarfing 
so lory $415 with annual increments to 
$4B5. Previous experience recognized. 
Excellenf personnel policies. Residence oc- 
commodation ovailable. 


Apply to: 


Director of Nursing 
MISERICORDIA HOSPITAL 
Haileybury, Ontario 


I JULY 1967 


MIRAMICHI HOSPITAL 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 
NEWCASTLE, N.B. 


Inyites applications for the position of 


SCIENCE INSTRUCTOR 


Student body of 50 


For further information, 
write to: 


Director of Nursing 
MIRAMICHI HOSPITAL 
Newcastle, N.B. 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


Applicafions are invited for the position 
of Director of Nursing for a 1M-bed mo. 
dern, occredifed, ocute care haspifol in 
scenic British Columbia. A 24-bed psy- 
chiatric wing and a SO-bed exfended care 
unit are in fhe fino I stages of planning. 
Accommodation available in staff res- 
idence. Nursing administrotive education 
ond experience desiroble. Salary com- 
mensurate with qualificotians. 


Apply stating qualifications and 
expected satary to: 


Mr. D. C. Steveson 
Administrator 
TRAIL-TADANAC HOSPITAL 
Trail, British Columbia 


ARE YOU INTERESTED IN PATIENT CARE? 
JOIN OUR STAFF 


THE UNIVERSITY OF 
TEXAS HOSPITALS 


AT GALVESTON, TEXAS 


- A Planned Orient01ion Program 
- A Confinuaus Education Program 
- Liberol Personnel Policies 
Staff Nurse Solories 
$482-$620 - Based upon a bacl<ground of 
experience and education. $539-$680 in Sep- 
tember. $60 differential for nighh or rota- 
tion of two shift.. $90 differential for 
evenings or rotation of three shift.. 


Write to: 
Potrlcia M. Bosworth, R.N., M.A. 
Administrator-Coordinator of Nuninll 
THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HOSPITALS 
Galveston, Texas 77550 
We ore an equol opporfunlty employer 


HAMILTON GENERAL HOSPITAL 


has immediate openings for 


REGISTERED NURSES 


Eligible for Onto ria Registrotian. Oppor- 
tunities for placement in Medicol, Surgical, 
Paediafric, O.R., Recovery, Intensive Care 
and Emergency Units with early proma- 
fional possibilities. A-I benefits and sola. 
ries. Homiltan is a lorge city ideally 
located in Soufhern Ontario and has a 
fine University. 


Apply to: 
Personnel Department, 
HAMILTON GENERAL HOSPITAL, 
Barton Street East, 
Hamilton, Ontario 


SOUTH WATERLOO 
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 
GALT, ONTARIO 


Additianol Teaching Faculty required fa 
assist in formulating 0 two-year pro- 
gromme, one-year internship. 
Positions in Teaching available imme- 
diotelv, Medical Surgical, Paediatrics, 
Social Sciences. 


Excellent personnel policies. 


For further information, 
Apply to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
EDUCATION 


REGISTERED NURSES 


For modern BO-bed General Hospitol ex- 
panding to 150 beds, located in an 
attroctive, dynomic, sports-oriented com- 
munity 50 miles south of Montreol. 
Salaries and fringe benefits comparable 
to Manfreal. Complete maintenance avail- 
oble at a minimol rote 


Apply to: 


Director of Nursing 
BROME-MISSISQUOI-PERKINS 
HOSPITAL 
Cowan.ville, Que, 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 7S 



REGISTERED NURSES 


required for 


B2-bed hospifol. Sifuoted in the Niogoro 
Peninsulo. Tronsportatian assistance. 


For salary rafes and personnel policies, 


apply to: 
Director of Nursing 


HALDIMAND WAR MEMORIAL 
HOSPITAL 


Dunnville, Ontario 


GRADUATE NURSES 


For permanent staff or holiday relief. In 
active 164-bed acute Generol Hospifol 
with full accreditation, locoted in the 
Columbia River Volley in southeastern 
British Columbia. Unlimited social and 
sports activities including golf, tennis, 
swimming, skiing and curling. 40 hour 
week; Starfing so lory after regisfration 
$390 rising to $466. Four weeks annuol 
vacation, 10 stafutory holidays, 1 ' /2 doys 
sick leove per month cumulotive to 120 
days. Employer-employee porticipotian in 
medico I coveroge and superannuation. 
Residence occommodation. 


For further inlormation apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
TRAIL.TADANAC HOSPITAL 
Trail, British Columbia 


ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING SERVICE 


Applicafians ore invited for the position 
of Assistanf Director of Nursing Service 
for a 291-bed fully occredited Generol 
Hospital. 
Preference will be given to applicants 
wifh preparation and experience in nurs- 
ing service administrofion. 


Apply fo: 


Director of Nursing Service 
THE GENERAL HOSPITAL 
OF PORT ARTHUR 
Port Arthur, Ontario 


76 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


CLINICAL COURSE IN 
PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 


Offered by 


The Deportment of Veferans Affairs, Wesf- 
minster Hospital, LONDON, Ontorio. Open 
to all Registered Nurses. Enrollment lim- 
ifed. Four months duration - commencing 
15 Jonuary 1968. Room and meals ot 
naminol rates. 


For further information 
please write: 


Director of Nursing 
WESTMINSTER HOSPITAL 
London, Ontario 


ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 


SARNIA, ONTARIO 


Inyites applications for the 
positions of: 


IN-SERVICE DIRECTOR 
EVENING SUPERVISOR 
GENERAL DUTY NURSES 


32B-bed hospital, excellent personnel po- 
licies. 


For further information apply: 
Director of Nursing 
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 
Sarnia, Ontario 


PETERBOROUGH (IVIC HOSPITAL 


School of Nursing requires 


INSTRUCTRESS (Nursing Arts) 
INSTRUCTRESS (Medical-Surgical Area) 
New .elf-contained educotian building for 
school of nursing now open. 
Trent Universify is sifuoted in peterboraugh 


For further information write to: 


Director of Nursing 
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC 
HOSPITAL 
Peterborough, Ontario 


THE UNIVERSITY OF 
WESTERN ONTARIO 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 


onnoonces 
FACULTY POSITIONS 


available for the following programmes: 
1. A Four-Year Bosic Degree Programme 
(B.Sc.N.) beginning in September 1966. 
2. Degree Programme for Graduate Reg- 
isfered Nurses. 
3. Expanding graduofe programmes 
(M.Sc.N.). 
Enquiries are invifed from quolified per- 
sons who are inferested in University 
teaching oppartuni1ies in the School of 
Nursing of 0 rapidly developing Heolth 
Sciences Centre. 
For information write to: 
The Dean, School of Nursing 
THE UNIVERSITY OF 
WESTERN ONTARIO 
London, Canada 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES 
and 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 


Wonted for active General Hospital (125 
beds) situoted in St. Anfhony, Newfound- 
land, a town of 2,400 and headquarters 
of the Infernatianal Grenfell Associafion 
which provides medical care for norfhern 
Newfoundland ond the coosf of Labrador. 
Solories in accordonce wifh ARNN. 


For further information 
please write: 
Mis. Dorothy A. plant 
INTERNATIONAL GRENFEll ASSOCIATION 
Room 701A, 88 Metcalfe Street, 
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO 


CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS 


required 


with preporatian ond experience. Eligible 
for B. C. Registration. Medicol, Surgical 
ond Poediotric areas. 


Sfudent enrollment - 200 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
Victoria, B. C. 


JULY 1967 



I I 


UNITED STATES 


UNITED STATES 


STAFF NURSES - Here is the opportunity to further 
develop your professionol skills ond knowledge in our 
t OOO.bed medicol center. We hov. liberol personnel 

Iicies with premiums fer evening and night tours. 
Our nurses" residence, located in the midst of 33 
cultural and educational institutions, oHers low-cost 
housing odjocent to the Hospitols. Write for our booklet 
on nursing opportunities. Feel free to tell uS whot type 
of position you ore seeking. Write: Director of Nurs- 
ing. Rccm 600. University Hospitols of Clevelond. 
University Circle. Clevelond, Ohio 44106 15.36-1G 


STAFF NURSES: To work in Extended Core or Tuber- 
culosis Unit. Live in lovely suburbon Clevelond in 
2.bedrccm house for $55 0 month including 011 
utilities. Modern solory ond excellent fringe benefits. 
Write Director of Nursing Service. 04310 Richmond 
Rood, Clevelond, Ohio. 15-361 f 


GRADUATE NURSES - Wouldn't you like to work 
ot 0 modern 532-bed ocute Generol Teoching Hos- 
pitol where you would hove: (0) unlimited oppor- 
tunities for professional growth and advancement, 
Ib) tuition poid for odvonced study, (c) storting 
solory of S429 per month (to those with pending 
registrotion oS well), (d) progressive personnel poli- 
cies, (e) a choice of areas? For further information, 
write or call collect: Miss Louise Harrison, Director 
of Nursing Service, Mount Sinai Hospital, University 
Circle, Clevelond. Ohio 44106. Phone SWeetbrior 
5-6000. 15-36-1 D 


Registered Nurse (Scenic Oregon vocotion ploy- 
ground, skiing, swimming, boating & cultural 
events) for 295-bed teoching unit on compus of 
University of Oregon medicol school. Solory storts 
ot $575. Poy diHerentiol for nights ond evenings. 
liberal policy for advancement, vacations, sick 
reove. holidoys. Apply: Multnomoh Hospitol, Port. 
lond. Oregon. 97201. 15-38-1 


ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 


MONTREAL r QUEBEC 


POSTGRADUATE COURSES 


1. (a) .Six month clinical course in Obstetrical Nursing. 
Classes - September and March. 


(b) 


Two month clinical course in Gynecological Nursing. 
Classes following the six month course in Obstetrical 
Nursing. 
(c) Eight week course in Care of the Premature Infant. 


2. 


Six month course in Operating Room Technique. 
Classes - September and March. 


3. 


Six month course in Theory and Practice in Psychiatric 
Nursing. 
Classes - September and March. 


For information and details of the courses, apply to: 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 


Montreal, P.Q. 


JULY 1967 


UNIVERSITY OF 
BRITISH COLUMBIA 


School of Nursing 


DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC 
NURSING 
DEGREE COURSE FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 


Both of these courses lead to the 
B.S.N. degree. Graduates are pre- 
pared for public health as well as 
hospital nursing positions. 


DIPLOMA COURSES FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 


1. Public Health Nursing. 
2. Administration of Hospital 
Nursing Units. 
3. Psychiatric Nursing. 


For information write to: 
The Director 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 
UNIVERSITY OF B.C. 
Vancouver 8, B.C, 


THE WINNIPEG 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Offers fhe following opporfunity for od. 
vanced preparation 10 qualified Registered 
Groduote Nurses: 


A SIX MONTH CLINICAL COURSE 
in 
OPERATING ROOM 
PRINCIPLES AND ADVANCED 
PRACTICE 


The course commences in September of 
each yeor. Maintenance is provided. and 
a reosonoble stipend is given each month. 
Enrolment is limited to a maximum of 
ten students. 


For further information please 
write to: 


THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
700 William Ave. 
Winnipeg 3 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 77 



Ð 
j 

 



 

 


,---t: _ 


DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 



 


DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC NURSING - (B.N.) 
An integrofed program extending over four co lendar yeors is of- 
fered to candidates with Senior Matriculation ond prepares fhe sfu- 
dent for nursing pracfices in the cammunify and hospifals. 


;"'I"I'ft 


.- 


'. 



 


- 


II'" 


! 


-, 


---'- . 


DEGREE COURSE FOR REGISTERED NURSES - (B.N.) 
A program extending over three academic yeon is offered to Re- 
gisfered Nurses who wish to obfoin a Bachelor of Nursing degree. 
The course includes studies in the humanities, sciences, and a 
nursing specialty. 


Applications are invited from 
REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


For full time, 40 hour week, Rotation Duty. 
One Weekend off Duty every three weeks. 
Vacancies in Medical. Surgical, Obstetric, 
Paediatric, Operating Room, Intensive Care 
and Emergency Unit. Active Inservice and 
Orientation programs as well as excellent 
personnel policies and fringe benefits. 


DIPLOMA COURSES FOR REGISTERED NURSES - 
1 YEAR 
(1) Nursing Service Administrofion 
(2) Public Health Nursing 
(3) Teaching in Schools of Nursing 
DIPLOMA COURSE FOR REGISTERED NURSES 
2 YEARS 
Outposf Nursing Course extending over two calendor years ond 
leading to a Diploma in Public Health Nursing and a Diplomo in 
Outpost Nursing. 
For further information apply to: 
Director, School of Nursing 
DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 
Halifax, N.S. 


Director of Nursing 


TORONTO EAST GENERAL 
AND ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL 


ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 


TORONTO, ONTARIO 


REGISTERED NURSES 
and 
REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 


lOO-bed fully accredited hospital provides 
experience in Operafing Room. Recovery 
Room, Intensive Core Unit, Pediotrics 
Orthopedics, Psychiafry, GeneroJ Surgery 
and Medicine. 
Orientation ond Active Inservice program 
for all stoff. 
Solary is commensurate wifh preparotian 
and experience. 
Benefits include Canada Pension Pion 
Hospifol Pension Plan, Group Life Insu: 
rance. After 3 months, cumulative sick 
leove - Ontario Hospital Insuronce - 
50% payment by hospital. 
Rotating Periods of duty - riO hour week, 
B statutory holidays - annual vacafion 
3 weeks offer one yeor. 


Apply: 


Alliltant Director of 
Nurainll Service 


ST. JOSEPHrS HOSPITAL 


30 The QueenlwClY 
Toronto 3, OntClrlo 


78 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


ASSOCIATE 
DIRECTOR 


OF 


NURSING EDUCATION 


Applications are invited for the 
above position in an ultra-mod- 
ern school of nursing located in 
South Western Ontario. 


Annual enrollment of 50 stu- 
dents. Two-plus-One program 
commencing Sept. 1968. Mini- 
mum requirement - B.Sc.N. with 
several years experience. 


Apply to: 


BOX "B" 


CANADIAN NURSE JOURNAL 


50 The Driveway 
Ottawa 4, Ontario 


Toronto 6, Ontario 


THE HOSPITAL 
FOR 
SICK CHILDREN 


School of Nursing 
Applications are invited for the 
TEACHING STAFF 
Opportunity to participate in 
Curriculum Development. Chan- 
ges anticipated for 1968 in Basic 
Nursing Program and Affiliate 
Program. 
QUALIFICA nONS: 
Bachelor of Science in Nursing 
or Diploma in Nursing Education. 
Solaries are according to educa- 
tion and experience. 
For further information, 
write to: 
The Associate Director of 
Nursing Education 
THE HOSPITAL FOR 
SICK CHILDREN 


Toronto 2, Ontario 


JULY 1967 



PALO ALTO-STANFORD 
HOSPITAL CENTER 


located on the beautiful campus of Stanford University in Palo Alto, California. 


'1 - L 


'4 


. 
- 


r- 


- 


"We invite you to join our professional staff and to gain unparalled experiences in 
nursing." 


For additional information- 
NAME: 
ADDRESS: 
CITY: 
SERVICE DESIRED: 
Return to: PALO ALTO-STANFORD HOSPITAL CENTER 
Personnel Department 
300 Pasteur Drive 
Palo Alto, California 


STATE: 


MOVING l 


MARRIED 1 


All correspondence to THE CANADIAN NURSE 
should be accomponied by our most recent 
address label or imprint. (Attach in space pro- 
vided at right.) 


ARE YOU 
o Receiving duplicate copies? 
o Actively registered with more than one pro- 
vincial nurses' association? 


permanent reg. no. 


provincial associafian 


permanent reg. no. 


provincial association 


o 


Transferring registration from one provincial 
nurses' association to another? 


FROM: .. 


provincial ass'n. 


permanenf reg. no. 


TO: 


provincial ass.n. permanent reg. no. 


OTHER ADJUSTMENT REQUESTED: 


b 


WISH AN ADJUSTMENTl 


---------------1 
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to be assured of I 
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PRINT NEW NAME and or ADDRESS BELOW 
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PLEASE ALLOW SIX WEEKS FOR PROCESSING 
YOUR CHANGE 
The Canadian Nurse cannot guarantee back copies 
unless change or interruption in delivery is reported 
within six weeks! 


ADDRESS ALL INQUIRIES TO: 
The Canadian Nurse, Circulation Dept. 
50 The Driveway 
Ottawa 4, Canada 


JULY 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 79 



TORONTO GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 
1820-1967 
UNIVERSITY TEACHING 
AND RESEARCH CENTRE 
(1,300 Beds) 
PROFESSIONAL GROWTH 
Planned Programmes in 
- Orientation 
- Staff Education 
- Staff Development 
PERSONNEL POLICIES 


Salaries: 
- Commensurate with Qualifications, Experience 
- 3 weeks vacation 
- 8 statutory holidays 
- Cumulative Sick leave 
- Pension Plan 
- Hospitalization and medical insurance plan. 
- Uniforms laundered Free 


OPPORTUNITIES FOR 
General Staff Nurses 
Registered Nursing Assistants 
in 


Clinical Services: 
- Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics, Gynaecology 
Specialty Units: 
- Cardiovascular, Clinical Investigation, Coro- 
nary, Neurosurgery, Psychiatry, Operating 
Room, Recovery Room, Renal dialysis, Res- 
piratory 
Administrative and Teaching Positions: 
- Consideration given to applicants with Uni- 
versity preparation and/ or experience. 
Applicants' requests for any of the above positions 
will be given careful consideration. 
For additional information write: 
Miss M. Jean Dodds, 
Director of Nursing, 
TORONTO GENERAL HOSPITAL 
101 College Street 
Toronto 2, Ontario. 


80 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Index 
to 
advertisers 
July 1967 


Abbott Laboratories Limited ... 
American Sterilizer Company - 


2 
13 


Ames Company of Canada, Ltd. .... ... Cover IV 
Canadian Tampax Corporation Limited ..... 21 


M. J. Chase Co. Inc. . 
Charles E. Frosst & Co. 
Hollister Limited 


54 
17 
22 


Frank W. Horner Company 23 
J. Morgan Jones Publications Ltd. ...... 11 
Lacross Uniform Co. Cover III 
Lakeside Laboratories (Canada) Ltd. 30 
Lewis-Howe Company (Turns) ..... 54 
Medical Products 3M Company - 27 
C. V. Mosby Co. 53 
J. T. Posey Company 28 
Reeves Company 12 


Town Imports 
White Sister Uniform 


15 


Cover II, pp. 1,5,6,7,8 


Winley-Morris Company Ltd. 


16 


Advertising 
Manager 
Ruth H. Baumel, 
The Canadian Nurse 
50 The Driveway, 
Ottawa 4, Ontario 
Advertising Representatives 
Richard P. Wilson, 
219 East Lancaster Avenue, 
Ardmore, Penna. 19003 
Vanco Publications, 
170 The Donway West, 
Suite 408, Don Mills, Onto 
Member of Canadian 
Circulation Audit Board Inc 


I3æE 


JULY 1967 



August 1967 


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SCl1uOL OF NUHSlh' · 
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The 
Canadian 
Nurse 


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new image for the 
hospital chaplai n 
advantages of an 
adolescent unit 


a plan for 
inservice education 




 


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WATER 


. 


BACTERIA 


AIR 


, . 


\f\I\N\N\J\J \J\f\MN\N 


, . 


Elastoplast Airstrip dressings 
keep water and bacteria out... 
let air in to speed healing. 


\Ve tested Airstrip in the 
laboratory, under closely 
controlled conditions. Then 
we tested it under emergency 
conditions in big London 
hos pi tals. 
Results? Airstrip proved to be 
both waterproof and washable 
a"d an efficient microbe filter. 
It totally excludes water and 
both air-borne and \\'ater-borne 
bacteria. yet lets air through 
to the wound. \Younds, and 
even surgical incisions, healed 
in far less time than with 
standard dressings. Risk of 
cross infection was reduced to 
a minimum. Hemoval is pain- 
less and the special large size 


wound dressings are manu- 
factured with a soft, highly 
absorbent, non-adherent centre 
pad which ",ill not stick to the 
wound or sutures-nor does 
granulation tissue grow into it. 
\Vant more information? 


\Y rite to: 
The 
ledical Division, 
Smith & 
ephew Limited, 
2100 52nd .\venue, 
Lachine, P.(). 


Elastoplast (
&N) 
......... 



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Use Abbott's Butterfly Infusion Set 
in an adult arm? 


Certainly. The fact is. today more Abbott 
"Butterfly Infusion Sets" are used in adult 
arms and hands, etc., than in infant 
scalps. 
Good reason. 
Abbott's Butterfly Infusion Set simplifies 
venipuncture in difficult patients. It has 
proved fine in squirming infants. But it has 
proved equally helpful in restless adults. 
and in oldsters with fragile. rolling veins. 
And. once in place. the small needle. 
ultraflexlble tubing. and stabilizing wings 
tend to prevent needle movement. and to 
avoid vascular damage. 
Folding Butterfly Wings 
The Butterfly wings are flexible. Like a 
butterfly. They fold upward for easy grasp- 
ing. They let you manoeuver the needle 
with great accuracy. even when the 


Abbott's Butterfly 


ABBOTT LABORATORIES LIMITED 


AUGUST 1967 


Five Peel-Pack Sets 
To accommodate patients of various ages. 
Abbott supplies Butterfly Infusion Sets in 
5 sizes. Four provide thinwall (extra- 
capacity) needles. The Butterfly-25. -23. 
-21 and -19 come with a small-lumen 
vinyl tubmg. The 16-gauge size. however. 
provides tubing of proportionately en- 
larged capacity. and thus is particularly 
suited to mass blood or solution infusions 
in surgery. 
The sets are supplied m sterile "peel- 
pack" envelopes. Just peel the envelope 
apart. Drop the set onto a sterile tray- 
it's ready for use in any sterile area. Your 
Abbott Man will gladly give you e:J 
material for evaluation. Or 
write to Abbott Laboratories. A"OTT 
Box 6150. Montreal. Quebec. 


needle shaft is held flat against the skin. 
Then. once the needle is inserted. the 
wings spread flat. They conform to the 
skin. They provide a stable anchorage for 
taping. The needle can be immobilized so 
securely and so flat to the skin that there 
is little hazard of a fretful patient dis- 
lodging or moving it. 


N 


a 


BUTTERFLY.23 
IIfIMl sn 
'.-.,c-..SUIfIi........S. 


Infusion Set 


23 G 
- 


HALIFAX. MONTREAL. TORONTO. WINNIPEG . VANCOUVER 


435Y 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 1 



Companion for Comfort 
, 


THE 


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SHOE 
fpt tM-w

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T"AOII: "'''''''''5 "I[L US. PAY. OF". . CANAOA. ......D< IN U.S A. 


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SOME STYLES ALSO AVAILABLE IN COLORS.", SOME STYLES 3Y2-12 AAAA-E,16.95 to 21.95 


For a complimentary pair of white shoelaces, folder showing all the smart Clinic styles. and list of stores selling them. write: 


THE CLINIC SHOEMAKERS · Dept.CN8, 1221 Locust St. . St. Louis, Mo. 63103 



The 
Canadian 
Nurse 


ð 

 


A monthly journal for the nurses of Canada published 
in English and french editions by the Canadian Nurses' Association 


Volume 63, Number 8 


August 1967 


25 Manpower Problems in Nursing 
29 New Image for the Hospital Chaplain 
32 Inservice Education .. 


35 A Problem-Solving Approach 
39 Unit-Based Inservice Education 


H. K. Mussallem 
R. A. Wallace 
M. Callin 
E. Hykawy 
L. Gauthier, M. Sheahan, 
M. Sutherland 


43 Adolescents in Hospital 
46 Manipulation in a Nurse-Patient Relationship 
48 The Changing Voice of Protest 


50 Seals for Patients 


H. Lussier-Gauthier 


L. Okkenhaug 


E. Johnson, E. deJong, M. Foster 


The views expressed in the various articles are the views of the authors and do not 
necessarily represent the policies or views of the Canadian Nurses' Association. 


4 Letters 7 News 
18 Names 20 Dates 
21 New Products 23 In a Capsule 
52 Books 54 Films 
55 Accession List 


Execulive Director: Helen K. Mussallem . 
Editor: Vlrgtnla A. Ltndabury . Assistant 
Editor: Gtennts N. ZlIm . Editorial Assistant: 
Carla D. Penn . Circutation Manager: Pter- 
rette Hotte . Advertising Manager: Ruth H. 
Baumet . SubscrIption Rates: Canada: One 
Year, $4.50, two years. SS.OO. Foreign: One 
Year, 15.00; two years, $9.00. Singte copies: 
50 cents each. Make cheques or money orders 
pavable to The Canadian Nurse. Change of 
Address: Fc.ur weeks' notice and the old 
address as well as the new are necessary. Not 
responsible for journals lost in mail due to 
errors in address. 
@ Canadian Nurses' Association, 1967 


Manuscrtpt Information: "The Canadian 
Nurse" welcomes unsolicited articles. All 
manuscripts should be typed, double-spaced, 
on one side of unruted paper leaving wide 
margins. Manuscripts are accepted for review 
for exclusive publication. The editor reserves 
the right to make the usual editorial changes. 
Photographs (glossy prints) and graphs and 
diagrams (drawn in india ink on white paper) 
are welcomed with such articles. The editor 
is not committed to publish all articles sent, 
nor to indicate defimte dates of publication. 
Authorized as Second-Class Mail by the Post 
Office Department, Ottawa, and for. payment 
of postage in cash. Postpaid at Montreal. 
Return Postage Guaranteed. SO The Driveway, 
Ottawa 4. Ontario. 


AUGUST 1967 


"We are not moving [to Ottawa] to 
do lobbying," said Dr. Arthur Peart, 
general secretary of the Canadian 
Medical Association, in explaining to 
reporters CMA's plans to move its 
headquarters from Toronto. 
.'What's wrong with lobbying?" asks 
an editorial in The Medical Post (a 
Maclean-Hunter publication for 
Canadian doctors) in response to Dr. 
Peart's denial. "There is no need to 
apologize for lobbying," it continues. 
The editorial then suggests that CMA 
drop its "gentlemanly approach" in 
dealing with the federal government, 
and adopt more effective means of 
communication through lobbying. 
The art of lobbying. which can be 
defined as the attempt of individuals 
or groups to influence legislative 
proceedings, has acquired a somewhat 
shabby reputation in this country. For 
most nurses, it probably has the same 
connotation as collective 
bargaining had I 0 years ago, i.e., a 
questionable procedure used by selfish 
parties to get their own way - and 
something to be shunned by profes- 
sionals. 
Yet lobbying, in its most desirable 
forms, is extremely useful in a demo- 
cratic society. The Encyclo{Jedia 
Britannica goes even further. It states, 
"It is . . . fair to say that by democratic 
standards one index of a healthy 
political society is the number of 
visible lobbies actively contending in 
the public forum." 
An effective lobby can provide busy 
government personnel with pertinent, 
reliable information and expert opin- 
ion in a given field of knowledge. In 
this way it can influence policy-making 
decisions in a constructive manner. 
Witness the Canadian Federation of 
Agriculture, an organization that is 
reported to work so closely with the 
federal Department of Agriculture 
that the latter consults it whenevcr 
change of policy is considered. 
The Canadian Nurses. Association 
lobbies the government in indirect and 
sometimes direct ways. Editorials con- 
cerning social injustices are sent to 
members of parliament; pamphlets 
and press releases that explain the 
association's policies, beliefs. and 
activities reach the desks of various 
cabinet ministers; and meetings are 
held with government officials to 
present CNA's viewpoint on urgent 
matters. 
It is que
tionable whether this 
informal type of lobbying is thc most 
effective means of communication. 
And with the federal government's 
increasing concern for legislation in 
health and welfare. it is imperative 
that we find the most effective means 
of communication and use it. 
After all, the largest group of health 
workers in the country should have a 
fair amount to say about legislation 
thaI affects the public's health and 
welfare. - Editor. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 3 



letters 


{ 


letters to the editor are welcome. 
Only signed letters will be considered for publication 
Name will be withheld at the writer's request. 


Clarification, please 
Dear Editor: 
A portion of the "News" on page 7 (May, 
1967) - specifically that under the caption 
"Nursing Education Committee Recom- 
mends Strong Controversial Policies" - 
caused me some concern. The title seems 
appropriate. 
Before requested action is taken could 
we please have some clarification of tenns? 
Has the title "nurse practitioner" been ap- 
proved and accepted by the profession? 
It is surely the least euphonious title yet 
to be applied to a long suffering group of 
nursing personnel. Does one assume that 
the term applies to a nurse registered within 
the terms of the legislation? Does it include 
graduate nurses who are not registered and 
whose qualifications mayor may not meet 
registration standards? Are auxiliary nursing 
personnel considered to be nurse practi- 
tioners? What about a whole heterogeneous 
collection of people who call themselves 
"nurses" regardless of their qualifications 
or the opinions of the organized group of 
the profession? If we must use this hideous 
title, let us at least hyphenate the nouns. 
Better still, let us get rid of it .md speak 
of the practice of nursing. 
Where did we dredge up "licen
Llre" in 
thi
 context? Can we not say what we 
mean - "eligible to be licensed as register- 
ed nurses?"" 
Again. instead of misusing nouns for ad- 
jectives, why are we not speaking of "edu- 
cational system" or "system of education?" 
When we speak so glibly about phasing 
out present programs for "licensed. certi- 
fied. registered assistants" is this term gene- 
rally accepted across Canada? In Ontario, I 
believe, "Registered Nursing Assistant" is 
correct for part of the group described. I 
could not help but wonder whether these 
women, who are usually intensely loyal 
to their group and proud of their identity, 
have accepted the plans projected for them. 
In the article, the word "Beliefs" occurs 
with the monotonous regularity once asso- 
ciated with the exhortations of the old-time 
tent evangelists and seems almost as vague. 
The last sentence constitutes one of the 
saddest reflections upon nursing of today. 
"Tremendous resources (financial, clinical 
and hum:m)." Plea
e note the order. 
What is our greatest resource in this con- 
text? Surely it is the "human'. resource. If 
we cannot learn how to make the best pos- 
sible use of our human resources by better 
utilization of clinical facilities provided by 
financial a
sistance, We are in danger of 
betraying not only our profession but the 


4 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


generation. But. let us not forget that first 
we must have the people upon whom to 
spend our other resources. - Margaret 
Outtier, Toronto. 


Comments on materia medica 
Dear Editor: 
We have had many discussions regarding 
the arithmetic course in our hospital school 
and I believe this subject should be taught 
more uniformly in all Canadian Schools of 
Nursing. We have pondered whether the 
time has come for us to omit teaching the 
apothecaries' system entirely. Medical stu- 
dents are now taught only the metric sys- 
tem and interns and most doctors order all 
their dosages in metric measures in our 
hospital. Modern hospital formularies use 
the metric system. 
Should we teach students the arithmetic 
necessary for making solutions for subcu- 
taneous injection from tablets and parts of 
tablets? All such solutions in our hospital 
are now either prepared in the pharmacy or 
purchased in solution form from various 
drug companies. 
Should we teach more, or less, about dis- 
solving and preparing solutions from pure 
forms of drugs? Directions regarding the 
preparation of these solutions - e.g. pow- 
dered forms of antibiotics for 1M admin- 
istration - always accompany the drug. 
Intelligent reading and following of these 
directions ensures accurate preparation of 
the drug for administration. 
Nurses now are seldom required to dilute 
stock solutions to make weaker solutions. 
Again, directions are usually on the label 
and careful reading and carrying out of 
these directions are usually all that the 
nurse is required to do. Should we still 
teach formulas for these types of problems 
- or simply stress the reading and follow- 
ing of directions accurately? 
Am I very old-fashioned in thinking that 
a nurse should still know how to prepare 
any and all solutions, measure all amounts 
to the last grain and minim, and work out 
strengths of solutions in ratio and percent- 
age? I consider this to be simple arithmetic. 
not beyond the ability of any student who 
has completed elementary school math. I 
also believe that every student, in each of 
her three years in training, should be re- 
quired to make 80% to pass this subject. 
Perhaps teachers from other hospital 
schools could offer suggestions for teaching 
arithmetic to student nurses through the 
journal. I am sure everyone agrees that the 
student should not be taught just the arith- 
metic necessary to meet the needs to nurse 


in her home school. We do expect her to 
be a safe nurse in any hospital or situation 
- with or without a pharmacy and/or a 
pharmacist to do her math for her! - 
(Mrs.) Margaret Wishlow, Royal Columbian 
Hospital, New Westminster, B.C. 


libarian writes 
Dear Editor: 
It was with mixed feelings that I perused 
the "Suggested books and journals for hos- 
pital libraries" in the February issue of 
Canadian Hospital. At first, I was pleased 
to see that a list prepared as a guide for 
libraries in one province was being made 
available to all Canadian libraries, but on 
reading the section on nursing literature, I 
was struck by the absence of badly needed 
reference materials that do exist, and on the 
other hand, the inclusion of publications 
that are obsolete Or not available. 
The Canadian Nurses' Association seems 
to be obvious source for an authoritative list. 
One such reference list, providing Canadian 
references to augment a list published in 
Nursinl? Outlook, July, 1966, and that was 
published in THE CANADIAN NURSE (October, 
1966) was very helpful. 
Nursing libraries across the country are 
just beginning to develop and they should 
be provided with the best assistance. Could 
not the Canadian Nurses' Association pre- 
pare a reference list for nursing libraries 
and publish this in a future issue? - (Miss) 
Mabel C. Brown, Librarian, School of Nurs- 
ing, Ottawa Civic Hospital. 


Informative journal 
Dear Editor: 
I have really enjoyed the gift subscription 
to THE CANADIAN NURSE for the last six 
years. 
This journal is indeed very interesting and 
educational. as each issue presents topics 
of importance. It helps a nurse in a foreign 
country (Jess developed) to get some idea
 
about how modern nursing is progressing in 
an advanced country like yours. - J .C.E. 
Acqual, Ghana, West Africa. 


Dear Editor: 
Your excellent magazine has provided 
me with enjoyable and informative reading 
in the past. and I look forward to receiv- 
ing it in the future. It has improved stead- 
ily both in content and in form over the 
last five years, and has become a mature 
and worthy professional paper. Thank you 
for making it so. Patricia R. Nendick, 
Vancouver, B.c. 0 
AUGUST 1967 



Save hours of your time D 1 1 @ 
by replacing the enema with... U CO ax Suppositories 



 


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Even modern enema equipment is cumbersome and time-. 
consuming to assemble. Irrigation poles, bags, tubing, 
bedpans-all must be drawn from Central Supply, in- 
spected and brought to the bedside. It cuts into your valu- 
able morning time and becomes a real burden when you 
have several patients needing enemas. 
And, more often than not, your patients are distressed at 
the prospect of discomfort and loss of dignity-especially 
the elderly, the seriously ill, or postpartum and post- 
surgical patients. 


Dulcolax (brand of bisacodyl) 
Dulcolax Suppositories 10 mg 
Dulcolax Suppositories for Children 5 mg 
Dulcolax Tablets 5 mg 


Dulcolax Suppositories offer a sure, simple way to elimi- 
nate the enema routine. One small suppository is inserted 
in seconds. You like the simplicity and convenience- 
patients are grateful to be spared the ordeal of an enema. 
Dulcolax Suppositories usually act in 15 minutes to 1 hour, 
so you can time evacuations and reduce accidents. You 
can finish the whole ward in less time. with less effort, 
less soiled linen. 


Boehringer Ingelheim Products 
Division of Geigy (Canada) Limited, Montreal 


8-511 3-65 



Recent 
Publications 


NURSES' HANDBOOK OF FLUID BALANCE 
By Norma Milligan Metheny, R.N., M.S.; and 
W. D. Snively, Jr., M.D. 


A new and vitally important book on body fluid disturb- 
ances. Discussions consider the nurse's role in observation. 
interpretation and intervention; what 10 look tor-how to 
look for it-and what to do about it. 279 Pages 1967 
$7.50. 


SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING 
(Formerly Science Principles Applied to Nursing) 
By Madelyn T. Nordmark, R.N., M.S.; and Ann 
W. Rohweder, R.N., M.N. 


Applying principles and facts from the biophysical. social 
and behavioral sciences. this text bridges the gap between 
scientific theory and clinical practice. An indispensable 
educational tool for students. 385 Pages 2nd Edition. 
1967. Paperbound. $5.25 Clothbound. $7.50. 


FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICATIONS 
A Text-Workbook of Dosage, Solutions, Math- 
ematics and Introductory Pharmacology 
By J. B. Plein, M.S., Ph.D.; and E. M. Plein, 
M.S., Ph.D. 


Offers a complete course in the mathematics of drugs and 
solutions. Content also includes sources of drugs. dosage 
forms and routes of administration. medication orders. and 
legislation regulating the use of drugs. About 125 Pages. 
1967 Paperbound. about $4.00. 


PATIENT STUDIES IN MEDICAL-SURGICAL 
NURSING 
By Jane Secor, R.N., M.A. 
The twenty.six patient studies in this stimulating supple- 
mentary text provide the student with a tool for in.depth 
learning and problem solving. Case historical descriptions 
demonstrate the type of physical and emotional support 
required by patients who have major medical or surgical 
problems. 401 Pages 1967 Paperbound. $5.50. 


(\ 


FOUNDATIONS OF PEDIATRIC NURSING 
By Violet Broadribb, R.N., M.S. 
Tbe cardinal principles of pediatric nursing are presented 
in this compact. highly readable new textbook. The pre- 
sentation is structured according to age groups and 
covers normal development and the child's reactions in 
common conditions of illness. The student receives prac- 
tical guidance and specific suggestions for nursing meas- 
ures. 581 Pages 1967 Paperbound, $5.40. Clothbound. 
$8.00. 


BASIC PSYCHIATRIC CONCEPTS IN 
NURSING 
By Charles K. Hofling, M.D.; Madeleine M. 
leininger, M.S.N., Ph.D.; and Elizabeth A. 
Bregg, R.N., B.S. 
The Second Edition of this widely. adopted text stresses 
nursing care with emphasis on problem-solving, process 
recording. and short and long-term nursing goals. Ad. 
ditional patient.studies have been interspersed to strength- 
en the student's understanding of nurse.patient interac- 
tion. 575 Pages 2nd Edition. 1967 $7.25. 


A HISTORY OF THE INTERNATIONAL 
COUNCIL OF NURSES: 
The First Sixty-Five Years 
By Daisy C. Bridges, S.R.N., S.C.M. 
A look in retrospect at the !.C.N.. which now represents 
almost half a million nurses in 50 countries. This historical 
survey illuminates the council's purpose, background. 
present status and future goals; tracing events from the 
first meeting in 1901 to the most recent meeting in 1965. 
247 Pages 1967. About $8.60. 



 I
PPinco
 


J. B. Lippincott Company of Canada Ltd. r 
60 Front St. West, Toronto 1, Onto 


6 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


AUGUST 1967 



news 


CNF Scholarships Awarded 
OttClwa. - Thirteen Canadian nurses have 
been awarded a total of $36.700 by the 
Canadian Nurses' Foundation to pursue 
studies for doctoral and master's degrees in 
the 1967-68 academic year. 
The thirteen nurses selected for leader- 
ship potential and who will receive awards 
ranging from $1.000 to $4.500 are: 
Miss Shirley M. Stinson, Tofield. Alberta 
Miss Dorothy J. Kergin. New West- 
minster. RC. 
Miss Michelle Marion, Noranda, Quebec 
Miss Margaret J. Moncrieff, North Van- 
couver, RC. 
Miss Dorothy M. Pringle, Hamilton, 
Ontario 
Miss Beverly J. Mitchell. North Van- 
couver. RC. 
Miss Norma M. M. Dick, Langley. RC. 
Miss Phyllis E. Jones, Toronto. Ontario 
Miss Mary E. Barrett. Ingersoll. Ontario 
Miss Peggy Saunders, Brooks, Alberta 
Mrs. Grace V. Davis. Winnipeg, Manitoba 
Miss Gloria A. Gatehouse, Chateauguay, 
Quebec 
Miss Mary-Ellen Jeans, Stratford, Ontario. 
Two of the nurses, Miss Stinson and 
Miss Kergin, will study for doctoral degrees. 
With this year's awards, a total of 57 
Canadian nurses have been given financial 
assistance by the Foundation since its in- 
corporation in 1962. 


CNA Nursing Service Committee 
Favors Nursing Specialists 
Ottawa. - The introduction of clinical 
nursing specialists into nursing service would 
enrich the quality of nursing care given 
in this country. members of the Canadian 
Nurses' Association Committee on Nursing 
Service stated at their meeting at CNA 
House in June. 
In formulating statements of belief, which 
will be referred to the CNA Board of 
Directors for approval in September. com- 
mittee members discussed the qualifications 
needed by the clinical nursing specialist 
and outlined her area of responsibility. 
During the three-day meeting. the Com- 
mittee heard a report on the success of the 
regioml workshops being conducted by 
CNA for directors of nursing service in hos- 
pitals; discussed a recommendation from 
the federal government's Maternal and 
Child Health Advisory Committee concern- 
ing additional facilities for post-basic pro- 
grams in advanced maternity nursing; ånd 
examined ways in which other departments 
within an agency could provide support to 


AUGUST 1967 


ICN Adopts Congress Symbol 




 
I 


" 


CONSEIL INTERNATIONAL 
DES INFIRMI
RES 
XIVe CONGR
S 
OUADRIENNAL 1969 
MONTR
AL CANADA 


El'ian, France. - The Council of National 
Representatives of the International Coun- 
cil of Nurses officially adopted the symbol 
for the 1969 Quadrennial Congress at its 
meeting in Evian, France, at the end of 
June. The 14th Quadrennial Congress, 
which will take place in Montreal June 
23-29, 1969, will take as its theme "Focus 
on the Future." 
The symbol for the 1969 meeting was 


INTERNATIONAL 
COUNCIL OF NURSES 
14th OUADRENNIAL 
CONGRESS 1969 
MONTREAL CANADA 


) I 

 


prepared and submitted by the Canadian 
Nurses' Association. The colors will be 
blue and white. 
The ICN adopts a new symbol for each 
quadrennial meeting. It is used by the 
63-member organization for promotion 
and publicity for the Congress. 
The symbol adapts well to the multi- 
lingual aspect of the ICN as the corner 
slogans are easily changed. 


professional care services. 
The Committee, one of the Association's 
three policy-recommending standing com- 
mittees, will hold its second meeting of 
the 1966-68 biennium in November. 1967. 


ICN Council of Representatives 
Meets in France 
Evian. France. - The Palais des Festi- 
vités at Evian presented a colorful scene 
on the opening day of the National Council 
of Representatives Meeting on June 26. 
Draped across the back of the platform 
were the flags of the 45 countries that 
were represented. 
The Council of National Representatives 
is the policy-making, voting body of the 
ICN. It meets every two years; this was 
the first time in its new form and under 
this name, since the ICN constitution was 
revised in 1965. The agenda included the 
reports of the Membership and Professional 
Services Committees, matters relating to 
the Florence Nightingale International 
Foundation. and plans for the ICN XIVth 


Quadrenial Congress in 1969, with the final 
choice of theme for this occasion. The 
Administrative and Finance Committee and 
Board of Directors met first on June 22, 
23 and 24. 
Mademoiselle Jane Martin. president of 
the National Association of Trained Nurses 
of France, in a message for the occasion, 
said how delighted the Association was to 
receive the representatives in France and 
extended a warm welcome to each one. 
In the body of the hall, presidents and 
executive secretaries from the national 
nurses' associations in membership with the 
ICN, together with the members of the 
ICN Board of Directors and observers from 
the League of Red Cross Societies and the 
World Health Organization. listened atten- 
tively to the opening address. Dr. Boulenger, 
director general of public health, Ministère 
des Affaires Sociales, spoke of the questions 
in which he had a special interest: promo- 
tion of international programs for advanc- 
ed studies in nursing; expansion of health 
services that would provide further home 
treatment and care; and improved social 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 7 



news 


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Sister Mary Felicitas, president, and 
Dr Helen K. Mussallem, executive di- 
recior of the Canadian Nurses' Asso- 
ciation attend the [CN Council of Re- 
presentatives in Evian, France. 


and economic conditions for nurses to 
encourage recruitment and the opportunity 
of maintaining high ide.!ls in the profes- 
sion, for the well being of all. 
At the start of the morning session, Miss 
Alice Girard, ICN president, had expressed 
a warm welcome to the participants and 
had declared the first meeting of the Coun- 
cil of National Representatives open. Miss 
Girard announced that it was with regret 
that the Board of Directors had accepted 
the resignation of Miss Helen Nussbaum, 
ICN executive director. 
Miss Girard announced that Miss Sheila 
Quinn. deputy executive director, had been 
appointed executive director designate, and 
would take office as executive director on 
January 1st, 1968. 
As a relaxation from the five days of 
working sessions, an excursion to Chamonix, 
Mont Blanc, followed by dinner in a typical 
cave in Montreux, was arranged by the 
hostess association. On the last evening a 
banquet was given by the Société des Eaux 
d'Evian. At the conclusion of the meetings, 
while the Board of Directors held a final 
one-day meeting in Evian, many of the 
participants traveled to Lyon to visit the 
International Post-Graduate School of 
Nursing. 


MARN Annual Meeting: 
Resolutions Call for Action 


WinnipeR. - The Manitoba Association 
of Registered Nurses faces a busy year as 
the executive begin action on resolutions 
passed at the annual meeting June 8-9 in 
Winnipeg. More than 400 nurses attending 
the meeting supported resolutions that will 
.Isk the provincial government to finance a 
study on nurse re
ources in the province; 
to consider the establishment of nursery 


8 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


.. 
schools and housekeeper services that would 
permit married nurses to return to active 
status; and to support a master's program 
in nursing at the University of Manitoba. 
Further, the federal government is to be 
approached and asked to revise the income 
tax act to aid the working woman with 
dependents and to help attract married 
women to return to work. 
As well as putting pressure on federal 
and provincial governments to help alleviate 
the shortage of nurses in the province, 
MARN has resolved to work even more 
closely with high school counselors so 
that high school students will better under- 
stand the requirements necessary for nursing 
and be more attracted to the profession. 
The MARN will also proceed with plans 
for a new one-story building for dssociation 
offices. 
Two other resolutions urged support for 
proposals from the Canadian Nurses. As- 
sociation: the Association supported the 
CNA's basic salary goal of $6,000 per 
year and also CNA's position on nursing 
education. 
The two-day meeting, one of the largest in 
the history of the Association, was held 
at the same time as the Western Canada 
Hospital Institute. The two groups joined 
for one general session to hear keynote 
speaker Dr. Helen K. Mussallem, executive 


director, CNA, speak on nurse manpower. 
More than 900 persons crowded into the 
auditorium to hear the address. 
Executive Director of MARN, Margaret 
E. Cameron. reported on the growth of the 
Association. Four full-time professional staff 
members have been added to help the As- 
sociation assume its duties and respons- 
ibilities. 


CHA Opposes Change 
In Nursing Education 
Montreal. - According to reports by the 
Canadian Press, the Canadian Hospital As- 
sociation has critized attempts to move the 
education of nurses from hospital jurisdic- 
tion. 
At its annual meeting in Montreal, the 
Association is reported to have charged 
th;>t such a move could jeopardize the 
quantity and quality of nursing and "cons- 
titutes a serious threat to the hospital care 
of the sick." 
The CHA has a hospital membership of 
1.3 91. 
The hospital association proposes that 
new programs in nursing education should 
be developed on an experimental basis only, 
and not adopted until they have "demons- 
(Colllinued on page 10) 


Life-size Anatomy at Expo 67 


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Now there's a man you can see through, Miss J. Hébert seems to be saying 
as she examine.f the exhibit of the transparellt man and woman in the Man 
and His Health Theme Pavilion at Expo 67. The transparent man and 
woman, situted in a glass case near the Nurses' Station where Miss H
berr 
was on duty, permits visitors to see bone structure, bloo(! and Irmph Circul- 
ation, and the nerVous system. A recorded commentary IS proVided 
n te/
- 
phone sets for those who wish to learn details of these svstem
.. MIss l-!e- 
bert is one of 21 graduates who staff a CN A - sponsored exhtbtt showmg 
how nurses work in today's intensive observation units. 


AUGUST 1967 




 your 
- Own 
. 
llands: 
.. 

 
/ 


soft testimony to your patients' comfort 


Your own hands are testimony to Dermassage's effectiveness, Applied by your 
soft, practiced hands, Dermassage alleviates your patient's minor skin irritations 
and discomfort. It adds a welcome, soothing touch to tender, sheet-burned 
skin; relieves dryness, itching and cracking. . . aids in preventing decubitus 
ulcers. In short, Dermassage is "the topical tranquilizer". . . it relaxes the patient 
. , , helps make his hospital stay more pleasant. 
You will like Dermassage for other reasons, too, A body rub with it saves your time 
and energy, Massage is gentle, smooth and fast. You needn't follow-up with 
talcum and there is no greasiness to clean away. It won't stain or soil linens or 
bed-clothes, You can easily make friends with Dermassage-send for a sample! 


Now available in new, 16 ounce plastic container with convenient flip-top closure. 


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c:;ø LAKESIDE LABORATORIES (CANADA) LTD. 

 64 Colgate Avenue. Toronto e, Ontario 


AUGUST 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 9 



news 


trated their abilit} to provide a continuing 
and adequate suppl} of 
killed nursing per- 
sonne I. .. 
The C Jnadian 1'.ußes' A

ociation hJS 
resohed to continue to pre', to ha'e nursing 
educ.ltion pl.lced under educational ausplce
. 
It maintdins that studies ha"e completel} 
pro'en the "onh of such a program and 
that delay "ill only be detrimental to the 
health of the people of Canada. 


Nurses Invited as Observers 
To CMA "Parliament" 
QlIeb
C'. - The CanJdian 
uße<.' Asso- 
ciation ,ent t"o nurse ob<.eners to the 
lOOth annual meeting of the General 
Council of the Canadian \fedical A
,o- 
ciation earh in June. The "general council. 
often called the parliament of the C\IA. is 
the medicJI J"
"lCiation's poliq -nuking 
bC'lh. The 16"'-member council is elected 
and carries on the business of the 
5.000- 
member organization. 
Si,ter 
Ial") Felicitas. president. and Dr. 
Helen "-. \lus'allem, e,ecuti'e director. 
of the C)l.A. anended the t"o-<la, meeting 


ONE-STEP PREP 


FLEET ENEMA 
single dose 
disposable lI11it 
FLEET ENE
f -\'s fdst prep time obsoletes soap and 
"ater procedures_ The enema does not require "arm- 
ing. It can be used at room temperature. It a, oids the 
ordeal of injecting large quantities of fluid into the 
bo"el. and the possibilih of"ater into,ication. 
The patient should prefer.lbl) be!) ing on the left side 
"ith the knees fle'\ed. or in the knee-chest position. 
Once the protecti,e C.lp h.ts been remo,ed, and the 
prelubricated anatomic.ll" correct rectal tut>e g( nIl.. 
inserted. simple manual pressure on the container 
does the rest! Care should t>e taken to ensure that 
the contents of the bo'\ el are completel) e'\pelled. Left 
6
 colon catharsis is normall, .lchie,ed in t"o to the 
minutes. "ith little or no mucosal irritation. pain or 
spasm. If a patient is deh' drated Or debilitated. 
h)pertonic solutions such as FLEET E
E\f-\, must 
be .ldministered "ith caution. Repeated use at short 
inter'. .lIs is to be a, oided. Do not administer to children 
under sh months of age unless directed b
 a ph} skian. 
-\nd after"ards, no scrubbin
. no sterilisation. no 
rreparation for re-use. The com
plete FLEET E'E
fA 
unit is simp!) disc.lrded! 
E,en special plastic "squeeze-bottle" contains 4 t 
 
fl. oz. of precisel) formulated solution. so that the 
.ldult dose of" ft. oz. can t>e e.lsil} e'\pelled. A patented 
diaphragm pre'ents leakage and re'erse fto". as "ell 
as ensuring a comfort.lble rate of administration. 
Each 100 cc of FLEET ENEMA contains: 
Sodium biphosphat
 . 16 gm. 
Sodium phosphaf
 6 grn. 
For our brochur
: "Th
 En
ma: Indicafions and Te<:hniqu
s". 
containing full informafion. writ
 to: Prof
ssional Serv;c
 
D
partm
nt. Char1
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Montreal 3. P.O. 


ll'itb 


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10 THE CA!'Ioi
DI
!'Ioi NURSE 



 


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A OU4L -y PH."'RU..&.,- 
 'TIit-ALS 
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on behalf of the 80,OOO-member nurses 
group. 
The imilation "as in line "ith the ne", 
polk, of the medical. nursing. and hospia 
liaison committee. "hich has called fo 
closer cooperation among the three asso 
cialions. 
Dr. \fussallem expre'''ed delight at tht 
im jtation. ..\\ e Jppreciated the opportunill 
to ob'>Cne, at cJo:.e range. the decision 
making proce", of a kindred health pro 
fession." she said. 


NBARN Protests 
Minister's Remarks 
Fr
d
T1cton. - The 
e" Bruns"ick -\s- 
sociation of Registered 
urses has sent 
letter of protest to the \finisler of Health. 
Dr. Stephen \\ e} man. folio" ing his remark 
 
on nUßing education made at the Asso- 
ciation's annual meeting in Fredericton early 
in June. Since making a formal request 
in October. 1966 for the GO\emment to 
implement the plan of education for semi- 
profe,,
ional health "orkers proposed in 
Pl),tra;t of \ "'S;II!: 1-\ the late Dr. "-ather- 
ine \lacLaggan. the 
B--\R" had receÌ\ed 
no reply until Dr. \\e,man's unexpected 
comments. 
The nurses are critical of suggestions that 
the go'emment might ma!..e a token ges- 
ture to" .m! implementing a ne" system of 
nurs.ing education. The, ha'e reJsserted to 
the \Iinister that pilot studies have pro,-en 
the "onh of nur-ing education under edu- 
cational auspices and that on" a major 
change in administrative control can o"er- 
come the ills inherent in the hospital nursing 

chool s"tem of nurse education. The, go 
on to .;.a, that 
e" BrunsVo ie!.. is too small 
to entertain a pie
-e-meal approach to better 
nurse education and that it "ould be re- 
bund.mt and Voa<.teful to repeat "hat has 
be-en pro' en. 
^ rlan for education ad, an.:ed in P.xtra;t 
of \IIrs;nr: call
 for the preparation of tVoo 
c,ttegories of nurses. T,\ ent} -fl\(' pel\.-ent of 
the required nurse complement Voould be 
educated in the prO\ince's tVoo unh-ersity 

.:hools of nur-ing. The plan calls for 
institutes Vohere the other -5 rer
ent "ould 
be educated. along "ith students prepanng 
to "or!.. in semi-professionaJ o.::cupations 
in the health field. 
In requesting implementation of a neVo 
'r
lem of nu
e education. the 
BAR..'1 
points OUI that. Vo hile the emphasis is on 
education. the primal> interest is to increase 
the number of nurses and to impro'-e the 
qualit\ of patient care in all fields of 
nursing. ",urses Voho ha"(' .:omc through the 
b...'spital s)"stem as Vo ell as n
 assistants 
are assured of their continuing roles in the 
health field. 
The protest sent to the !tlinister of Health 
critic
 influences that are resist3I1l to 
chan..1æ The nurses claim that such orinions 
are not su1-
tantiated b} depth of research 
C'Qu:!.1 to that Vo hi.:h suppt"'lns their prop.........;.als 



l'Cl)ST 1%- 



news 


"' both tbe 1966 and 196- .lIU1ual meetings. 
",-soclation membe
 
oiceJ their support to 
IIIlPlement the plan The Canadian ",J

 
",--ociatlOn endor.>ed the pl.in la
t 
ear and 
re\.-entl}. the 'e"" Bruns\\id. Student 'Iur- 
,e': --\-sociation dJded Its b.1d.ing. 
In su
eestmg that the government was not 
prepared to adopt a new plan of nursing 
education on the proVInCial scale advocated 
b
 
B-\RN. the Mmister made no referen- 
ce to financing Hospital schools are costI} 
to the department of health but there is 
actual gain as students give service in return 
for their training The Association belicves 
th t nu
ing students shou1d be released 
from indentured labor and enjoy the edu- 
c.!tional rights granted to students of othcr 
professions. Such rights will be strangled 
until the system of hospital schools is 
changed. Hospitals must utilize their stu- 
dents m meeting the primary pu
 of 
patient care 
Thc proposed plan for health institutes 
\\ould permit use of federal money, here- 
tofore untapped. The NB -\R
 proposes that 
;-..e.... Brunswick avail herself of financial 
a
istance ....hich thc Department of 
Ian- 
po\\er. under Its several training programs. 
can give. 
The r-.BAR'I is not satisfied with the 
disposition of its request for implementa- 
tion af a new plan for nu
ing education 
and has asked to meet \\ith the Minister of 
Health to clarify the government's position. 


CICIA,\\S Con\ention Theme 
Based on Human Suffering 
\IOIllr
al. - The International Catholic 
Committee of Nurses and Medical Social 
--\<sistants held their conference at the Cni- 

e
ity of 
Iontreal June 
0-
4. 
early 
I AOO delegates from all provinces of Can- 
ada. 
3 American states. and several Eur- 
opean countries attended. Theme of the 
conference \\as human suffering in today's 
world. 
The fi
t panel of speake
 concerned 
itself \\ ith the challenges presented by 
hum3l1 suffering Miss Gabrielle Clerk. 
Ph.D.. professor of p5\'chology at the Uni- 
ve
ity of \Iontreal. emphasized the lone- 
liness and need for love of the mentally 
ill. According to Dr. Paul David. director 
of the Institut de Cardiologic de Montréal. 
the basic element of the medical art is 
thc ability of the non-sufferer to under- 
stand the message of the sufferer. 
Dr. K. \Iary Straub. professor of nu
ing 
science at the Catbolic Unive
ity of Amer- 
ica in Yo ashington. spoke of the need for 
nu
ing services to change in response to 
the demands of modern society. More qual- 
ifIed staff. reorganization of nu
ing services. 
continuous patient care. and in
p.ice edu- 


AUGUST 1967 


Prenatal Classes for Fathers in USSR 


\, 


" 


, 


- 


.. 


Organi:.ed at Polyclinic Two in the city of LvOI; (Ukrainian SSR) is the 
"Young Fathers' School," which is I;-ery popular with families in the area. 
In the course, future fathers are trained, Ilnder the guidance of e'Cperienced 
doctors and nurses, how to look after newborns properly. 


cation \\ere the main points in her 
peech. 
Nu
ing care in ps
chiatry and the rebtion- 
ship bet\\een education and research in the 
fIeld of nu
ing care were discussed by SIS- 
ter Margaret John. professor at Niagara 
Unive
ity. Niagara. 
.Y.. and Lt. Col. 
Ph}llis J. \ erhonick. director of nu
ing at 
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. 
The general secretary of CICIAMS. \1.05 
Ghislaine van \Ias>enhove. a public health 
nu
e from Brussels. re
ie"ed the dims of 
the organization. She said it \\as the duty 
of CICIo\. \IS to fight social. economic. 
cultural. demographic. and sanitary injus- 
tices. To do this it must 
tud} the prob- 
lems and de
 ise plans to promo:e action. 
The
 plans have a special meaning to 
Catholic nurses. e
peciallv 
ounger ones. 
she said. 


Winnipeg Children's Hospita' 
Closes School for One Year 
Winnipt'e. - Winnipeg Children's Hos- 
pital ""ill not admit students to its school 
of nu
ing this fall. In making the an- 


nouncement. M
. D. --\. 
othstein. hospital 
1-oard president. emphasIZed that the one- 
year gap does not nece-
arily mean that 
the ho
pital school will close permanently. 
Reasons for the closure were given as 
a shortage of qualified instructors and 
inadequate cl.lssroom and \\ard facilities. 
Tne school of nu
ing usually accepb 
30 to 35 students for the three-year course. 
In addition. about 60 affIliate students from 
other Manitoba hospitals come for pediatric 
cla
e' and e'\perience. The program for 
affiliated ,tudents may be increased. 
Schools of nu
ing throughout the pro
- 
ince - including the Winnipeg Children's 
Ho
pital - have been in
estigating a two- 
}ear educational program. Introduction of 
the shorter program would mean a better 
utilization of e'\isting classroom facilities. 
reported Miss Patricia Scorer. director of 
nu
ing. 
T""o-}edr educdtion.11 program
 ""ere re- 
commended earlier this 
ear 1-\ a special 

omminee stud
 ing the ..hort.lge of nu
e' 
in the pro
ince 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 11 



news 


Ryerson's Program Studied 
Toronto. - A thorough evaluation of the 
new technique employed by the School of 
Nursing at the Ryerson Institute of Tech- 
nology, which graduated its first class in 
May of this year, is being conducted by 
Miss Moyra Allen. associate professor of 
nursing, School for Graduate Nurses. Mc- 
Gill University. 
Because of the experimental nalure of 
the Ryerson project. it was decided that. 
after a period of five ye,lrs from its initia- 
tion, the Registered Nurses' Association of 
Ontario would conduct an evalualion of the 
program. In 1966 it arranged with Miss 
Allen to carry oul the study. The report 
will not be completed until 1969-70. and will 
undoubtedly constitute a document of his- 
toric significance in the development of 
nursing education. 
The RNAO accepted respon
ibility for 
sponsoring the project in 1963. after briefs 
to the Royal Commission on Health Ser- 
vices were submitted by provincial organiza- 
tions, the Canadian Nurses' Association. 
and many university schools of nursing. 
As well, numerous special studies had de- 
veloped the view that nursing education 
should move into the system of general 
education as soon as possible. 


H H. 


The nLlrsing course at Ryerson as con- 
ducted in a large technological institute 
where the ddvantages gained from educa- 
tion by the institute's academic staff are 
combined with clinical teaching and expe- 
rience in several hospitals. Students in the 
nursing course at Ryerson share academic 
life and extracurricular activities with their 
colleagues in other courses. Hours spent in 
clinical areas are planned solely as edu- 
cational experience for the students. 


CMA Moves to Ottawa 
Quebec. - The C.madian Medical Asso- 
ciation will move its headquarters from 
Toronto to Ottawa. The general council. 
policy-making body of the CMA. voted 
two-to-one in favor of the move to the 
capital city at its meeting in Quebec City 
early in June. 
The executive committee will begin plans 
immediarely for a new building, at a cost 
of approximately $2 million. 
A move to Ottawa has been considered 
off and on since 1953. Present accommo- 
dation in Toronto was hecoming crowded 
and the association had to move to larger 
quarters anyway, according to Dr. Arthur 
Peart, CMA general secretary. Centennial 
year - both for Can:lda and the CMA - 
seemed a good time to go to OUawa, 
he said. 
The current tendency toward bilingualism 
and biculturalism was also an influence, 


according to Dr. Reginald Atkinson, gen- 
eral council chairman. 
Spokesmen denied that the move was 
influenced by a desire for a government 
lobby. 


New Baccaulaureate 
Program in BC 
Victoria. - The University of Victoria 
will establish a school of nursing Ihis 
September, President Malcolm G. Taylor 
announced today. "In its earliest stages, 
the school will offer a basic baccalaureate 
degree for those seeking initial training," 
Dr. Taylor said. 
The school will accept students entering 
the first year of study in 1967-68, if they 
meet the University's general admission 
requirements. The first year of pre-profes- 
sional education in nursing has been offer- 
ed in the past through the faculty of arts 
and science. 
The second year of the nursing program 
will be added in 1968-69. The curriculum 
will include hospital courses at local institu- 
tions. 
Courses will be offered later for registered 
nurses wishing to complete requirements 
for a bachelor's degree. 
Management of the school will be in 
the hands of a director. The new position 
will advertised immediately. The school was 
established by the Board of Governors on the 


THE AGA KHAN 
JUBILEE HOSPITAL, NAIROBI, 
TELEPHONE 55301 NAIROBI, KENYA 


PLA TINUM 
KENY A 
P.O. BOX 30270 


HOSPITAL MA IRON 


Applications are invited for the post of 
Hospital Matron which falls vacant in 
November, 1967. 
Candidates should be S.R.N.. S.C.M. 
(or equivalent) and p-ossesslon of Nursing 
Administrative CertIficate would be of 
advantage. 
The appointment i:; for a pertod of 
twenty-four/thirty months and is renew- 
able. The salary is at the rate of 4::2.00U 
per annum plus gratuity and fringe 
benefits which mclude free passages. 

enerous leave and subsid:sed accom- 
modation. 
The hospital IS located m the garden 
'iuburbs of Nairobi, the highlands capital 
city of Kenya with a pleasant Bunny 
climate and a cost of livmg that is low 
md stable. 
The successful candidate must lIke and 
oe 
ccustomed to working with people 
of dtfferent races and nationalities - but 
there is no language problem if yOU spea\( 
English. 
The Hospital Matron wt11 be the adviser 
to the Board of Governors on nursing 
policy and be head of the Student Nurse 
rraining Schoo!. 
Further details of tne nospital and the 
">o<;t can b
 obtained from: 
THE ADMINISTRATOR 
P.O. Box 30270 Nairobi, Kenya 



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12 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


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AUGUST 1967 



news 


recommendation of the University Senate, 
which is responsible for academic matters. 


17 Regional Schools 
Established in Ontario 
T oTonlO. - Ontario now has 17 regional 
schools of nursing either in operation or 
in the planning stages. Two of these schools, 
the Royal Victoria Regional School in 
Barrie, Ontario, and the Osler School in 
the metropolitan Toronto area. have been 
in operation since September, 1966. Sched- 
uled to open this September are the 
Scarborough Regional in Toronto, the Corn- 
wall Regional in Cornwall, and the St. 
Clair Regional in Sarnia. 
Contracts for construction of the Corn- 
wall school was signed recently at Hotel 
Dieu Hospital in that city. The director of 
the school, Mrs. Tatiana Labekovski said 
that operations would begin out of tem- 
porary quarters this fall with a class of 
90 students and nine instructors. 
Preparation of the curriculum for the St. 
Clair Regional School of Nursing in Sarnia 
has been taken over by Miss Una Ridley, 
who recently was appointed director of the 
school. Mrs. Veronica Orton-Johnson as- 
sumes her duties as assistant director of the 
Scarborough Regional School August 2 I. 
According to Miss Jean Watt, director of 
the Ontario College of Nurses. the new re- 
gional or central schools are independent, 
non-hospital operated schools. They use 
available hospitals and other agencies for 
clinical experieoce on an agreement basis. 
This type of school was introduced to the 
general public by the Minister of Health in 
June, 1965, when a suggested provincial 
plan of establishment was first mentioned. 
At that time there were several diploma 
schools in the province that came largerly 
within the definition of regional school. 
even though they were not referred to as 
such. These earlier schools, which include 
the Nightingale School and the Ryerson 
Poly technical Institute in Toronto, are in- 
dependent, with their own boards respon- 
sible for finance and the employment of 
faculty. The faculty, in turn, is respons- 
ible for the curriculum and students. 
One feature of the regional school is 
that it is a single-discipline school. The 
College of Nurses of Ontario hopes that 
eventually the nursing schools can be part 
of, or at least affiliated with, multidisci- 
plinary educational institutions. At the an- 
nual meeting of the Registered Nurses' As- 
sociation of Ontario in April, delegates ap- 
proved a resolution urging the RNAO to 
encourage the integration of present re- 
gional schools with the Colleges of Ap- 
plied Arts and Technology in the province. 
Other regional schools, still in the plan- 
ning stages, are the Guelph, Kirkland 
ake, 
AUGUST 1967 


Ottawa, Stratford, Sudbury, London, Owen 
Sound, and Port Arthur Regional schools. 


Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry 
Nurses Sign Contract with 
Health Unit 
Cornwall, On!. - A contract signed on 
June 23, 1967, by the Board of Health 
and the Nurses' Association of the Stor- 
mont, Dundas. and Glengarry Health Unit 
ended a 10-month greylisting of the unit 
by the Registered Nurses' Association of 
Ontario. 
Under the 13-month contract. retroactive 
to May I, 1967. salaries for public health 
nurses are $5.250 to $6.500 a year, with 
five annual increments of $250. The in- 
creases range from $262 to $1.300 a year, 
a total 
alary adjustment of 17 percent, 
including increments. 
Three weeks vacation during the first 
four years and four weeks after five years' 
service, plus II statutory holidays are 
provided. Illness allowance is one and a 
half days per month. accumulative to 180 
working days. 


Role of Nurse Clinician 
Defined At Regional Meeting 
OllaWa. - More than 100 nurses attend- 
ed a three-day session on the role of the 
nurse clinician held in Ottawa in mid-May. 


These sessions were organized by the Com- 
mittee on Nursing Education of the Otta- 
wa East and West Chapters of the RNAO. 
Guest speaker was Mrs. Faye Moss, 
clinical research nurse at the City of Hope 
Hospital, California. The speaker describ- 
ed the nurse clinician as one who: 
I. is hired to serve at the bedside and 
will maintain the direct surveillance of the 
care given to the patient by the other mem- 
bers of the team; 
2. assumes the complete responsibility for 
continuity and coordination of nursing care 
for all the patients who are assigned to 
her; 
3. has received postgraduate educational 
preparation; 
4. is convinced of the importance of 
giving nursing care of high quality. 
"A degree alone does not make a spe- 
cialist," says Mrs. Moss. "We will have to 
learn to rely on other criteria as well as the 
degree to judge competence." 
Programs in nursing education at the 
university level should be directed toward 
care of the patient instead of the admin- 
istrative aspect. The nurse clinician must 
be sensitive to or aware of all methods 
of communication. She must be able to 
"manipulate" groups as well as individuals. 
She must be an expert in nursing care. She 
must be able to document herself and must 


educational working paCkHoe 


\ 


6 U F\G,{...P.L 
__VN''''
O 
.........";.. 


POST. OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT KIT 


A must for all nurses and student nurses, the new POM Kit has 
become the most successful "in-service" teaching aid for Ileostomy 
and Ileal-Bladder education. Included in this working package are 
all the necessary products needed for proper post-operative man- 
agement of the patient - 3 Bongort Expendable Drainage Bags 
plus 5 sample sized accessory products. The POM Kit is yours for 
$1.00. Request 765 CN. 



 T..Jiv 1T1Æf? 0 !=!Tl!. fl G I CA L 


PORT (""HESTER . NEW VORK 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 13 



Tube
auz 


SEAMLESS 
TUBULAR 
GAUZE 



 


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- 


TIlbt?jOUZ 


Applied with special "Cage- 
Type" Applicators. Saves up to 
50% over ordinary methods- 
Hospitals. schools and clinics can 
save time and money with the Tube- 
gauz Method. Ten sizes of applicators 
simplify bandaging fingers. toes. 
hands. feet. legs. arms. head and 
body. Because Tubegauz is double- 
bleached highest quality cotton yarn. 
it can be washed. sterilized in an 
autoclave-used many times. 
TIME STUDIES PROVE TUBEGAUZ SAVINGS 


.
 


) 


Ordinary Gauze 
Material Used 151 Inches 
Bandaging Time 2 MIn. 10 Sec 


TUBEGAUZ 
24 Inches 
34 Sec. 


Tubegøuz -one of the Scholl 
family of quality surgical 
bandages. plasters and dressings. 


FREE: Write for 32-page illus- 
trated booklet. "New Techniques of 
Bandaging with Tubegauz:' 
Surgical Supply Division 
THE SCHOLL MFG. CO. lTD. 
174 Bartley Drive. Toronto 16, Onto 
14 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


news 


be able to do some research without being 
a researcher. 
Hospitals and agencies that employ nurse 
clinicians must delegate administrative func- 
tions to another category of personnel. 
They must also offer salaries that are com- 
parable to salaries offered to nurses in ad- 
ministrative positions. 
The speaker described categories of nurses 
employed by the City of Hope Hospital. 
There, two types of general duty nurses 
and three types of nurse clinicians are em- 
ployed. This plan was introduced in 1964. 
According to Mrs. Moss, the turnover 
rate is lower with the nurse clinician. 
Even though the nurse clinici:m has 
complete responsibility for nursing care, 
one has to be careful not to give the im- 
pression that she will not collaborate with 
other members of the team or that she 
would be a jack of all trades. On the con- 
trary, her functions must be very well defin- 
ed. 


Continuing Education Courses 
For BC Nurses 
Vancou
'er. - Dr. J.F. McCreary, Dean 
of the Faculty of Medicine at the Univer- 
sity of British Columbia, has announced 
that four continuing education courses for 
registered nurses will be offered during 
the 1967-68 academic year. They will be 
given in cooperation with the Vancouver 
General Hospital, with the sponsorship of 
the Registered Nurses' Association of B.C. 
The first of these, in obstetrical nursing, 
will be held on October 12th and 13th, 
1967. Guest teacher will be Dr. Ronald J. 
Pion, associate professor, Depanment of 
Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University 
of Washington. Some of the subjects to be 
reviewed include a demonstration and dis- 
cussion on preparation and support for 
labor; up-dating basic sciences; a demon- 
stration of new intravenous devices and 
techniques; an evaluation of some old 
obstetrical traditions; and a major address 
and discussion on the nurse's role in sex 
education and family planning in the com- 
munity. 
The other three courses will be on sur- 
gical nursing, December 7th and 8th, 1967; 
medical nursing, April 4th and 5th, 1968; 
and mental health aspects of nursing, May 
9th and 10th, 1968. 
In addition, a course on the care of the 
high risk newborn infant will be offered 
to physicians and registered nurses from 
January 24th to 26th, 1968. Directors of 
nursing may obtain additional information 
from the Department of Continuing Medical 
Education. University of British Columbia, 
Vancouver 8, B.C. 


UNM Beßins Work on Contracts 
Montreal. - The United Nurses of Mon. 
treat the collective bargaining unit of Dis 
trict II of the Association of Nurses of tht 
Province of Quebec, is now certified te 
negotiate with 28 hospitals and agencies 
Executive officers of the UNM recentl} 
met with the administrative representative
 
of these hospitals. agencies, industries and 
schools. The first part of a contract coverinE 
staff nurses, assistant head nurses. and 
teachers of nursing has been approved 
by UN M membership and was presented to 
the representatives for review. UNM plans 
to present Part Two of the contract, which 
will cover head nurses, supervisors, and 
directors of nursing, in the near future. 
The general purpose of the contract is 
to assist in development of various nursing 
services offered to the public and to pro- 
mote the quality of nursing. Specifically the 
contract: 
· provides nursing personnel in the hos- 
pital, agency or industry with a forum to 
make explicit those conditions in the work 
situation and for the nurse as a person 
that are necessary for the provision of a high 
quality of nursing care. 
· makes manifest procedures within 
which the hospital and the nurses may 
work together to attain the desired condi. 
tion for the work of nursing. 
· establishes mutually satisfactory em- 
ployment conditions between hospital. agen- 
cy, industry, or school and the licensed 
nurses. 
UNM hopes to begin negotiations in the 
near future for both groups of nurses. 


Quebec Extends Outpatient 
Services 
Quebec. - On June 28, 1967, the Que- 
bec Minister of Health, the Honorable Jean- 
Paul Cloutier, stated that as of July 1st, 
1967. hospitalization insurance would now 
cover the cost of medical examinations per- 
formed in outpatient clinics of any hospitals 
under the hospitalization insurance contract. 
At the recommendation of their doctor, 
patients living within the province will be 
entitled to these new services. 
These additional services are seen as a 
necessary step toward the establishment of 
health insurance. Laboratory tests, radio- 
diagnosis including diagnosis with the use 
of isotopes, electro-encephalograms as well 
as electrocardiograms and photocardiograms 
are among the services that will be covered, 
together with any other test that can be 
performed in an outpatient clinic. 


BC Psychiatric Nurses Dispute 
Goes to Fact Finding Panel 
Vancouver. - On May 26, after 17 
straight hours of talk, the British Columbia 
Civil Service Commission and the negotia- 
tion committee of the Psychiatric Nurses' 
(Com;nued on page 16) 


AUGUST 1967 



IIln spite of today's apparent explosion 
in their awareness of sex, 
young people are not well informed." 


A recent study indicated that even 
among college girls enrolled in health 
education classes knowledge of menstru- 
al facts was neither thorough nor accu- 
rate. One reason, perhaps, for the lack 
of accuracy was the fact that only 8% of 
these girls obtained their information 
about menstruation from doctors, nurses 
or teachers. 
Thi
 small percentage probably 
learned about menstruation because 
they asked. Many young girls, however, never ask for 
information-because they feel menstruation is not a 
subject for discussion outside their homes (And 
sometimes very little information is available within 
their homes.) Even the doctor is not likely to be con- 
sulted unless the girl is concerned about a possible 
abnormality. 
One solution to this problem is to make information 
on menstruation available to all young girls-whether 


" 



 


. 


TAM PAX 

 


SANITARY PROTECTION WORN INTERNAllY 
MADE ONLY BY CANADIAN TAMPAX CORPORATION'LTD., 
BARRIE, ONT. 


AUGUST 1967 


---- 


or not they specifically ask for it. Thus, 
girls in health and physical education 
classes, girls visiting school nurses, girls 
at summer camp, girls consulting their 
./ doctors-all should be provided with in- 
formation on the normal changes that 
are a part of growing up. 
To assist you in explaining menstru- 
ation to these girls we offer you (without 
charge) laminated plastic charts drawn 
by Dr. R. L. Dickinson, showing schemat- 
ic illustrations of the organs of the female reproduc- 
tive system. For the young girl we provide two free 
booklets answering her questions about menstruation. 
Send for them today. Professional samples of Tampax 
menstrual tampons will also be included. 


-= 


t 
.', 


1 Israel. S. Leon: Obst. & Gynec. 26:920. 1965. 2. Larsen, 
Virginia L.. J. Am. M. Women's A. 20:557, 1965. 


------------------------------------------ 


Canadian Tampax Corporation limited. 
P.O. Box 627. Barrie. ant. 
Please send free a set of Dickinson charts, copies of the two booklels, 
a postcard for easy reordering and samples of T ampax tampons. 


Name 


Address 


CN-l 


----------------------------------------- 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 15 



news 


Association of B.C. reached an agreement. 
The settlement averted a mass resignation 
of 880 psychiatric and 16 registered nurses 
who had threatened to quit on June 1 
unless the Commission agreed to binding 
arbitration on working conditions. 
The settlement that averted the walkout 
called for: impartial fact finding panels to 
be set up to resolve salary disputes, the 
recommendations of the panel being binding 
to both parties; a new Psychiatric Nurses' 
Act to be sent to the 1968 session of the 
Legislature as a companion bill to the 
Registered Nurses' Act; establIshment and 
strict adhercnce to grievance procedures; 
improvement of negotiation procedures; no 
official recognition of the professional as- 
sociation as bargaining agent. The remaining 
19 items, including salary scales, were still 
unresolved, but further meetings are taking 
place. 
The dispute over salaries and working 
conditions has been going on for over nine 
months. The psycbiatric nurses group had 
first threatened to resign at tbe beginning 
of April. The handing in of resignations was 
caJled off when the Civil Service Commis- 
sion announced a fact finding panel would 
be set up early in April. 


MOVING? 


MARRIED 1 


At the end of April, however, limitations 
to the panel's scope were announced by 
the government. Barred from discussion 
were binding arbitration, recognition of the 
professional association, grievance procedu- 
res, collection of membership dues, and ne- 
gotiation procedures. This situation led to 
the submission of registrations on May 15. 
The issues are still far from settled. and 
further negotiations, especiaJly those involv- 
ing salaries, will be carried on for at least 
the next two months, according to Mr. D.L. 
Wenham, executive secretary of the Psy- 
chiatric Nurses' Association. 


Memorial Scholarship 
For Katherine MacLaggan 
Fredericton. - A Katherine E. MacLag- 
gan Memorial Scholarship will be awarded 
annuaJly, beginning in 1967-1968, at the 
University of New Brunswick School of 
Nursing. 
Dr. MacLaggan was a native of Frederic- 
ton. and first director of the school of 
nursing :It the University of New Brunswick. 
She was elected president of the Canadian 
Nurses' Association in July, 1966, and 
died February 6, 1967 in Saint John. 
The scholarship is 10 be awarded from 
the Katherine E. MacLaggan Memorial 
Scholarship Fund. to be held in trust by the 
University. It will go to a student entering 
her final year in the University's basic 


baccalaureate program, possessing a high 
academic standing, and demonstrating ex- 
cellence in nursing practice. Enquiries con- 
cerning the fund should be made to C. L. 
Mahan, Comptroller, University of New 
Brunswick. 


Second Symposium on Drug 
Safety 
Ottawa. - The second symposium on 
drug safety, sponsored by the Federal Food 
and Drug Directorate, of the Department of 
National Health and Welfare. took place 
here on June 29 and 30, 1967. It was at- 
tended by nearly 400 doctors, pharmacists, 
researchers. scientists. and drug manufac- 
tu rers. 


Officially opening the sessions, Dr. J.N. 
Crawford, deputy minster of national health, 
noted that public concern over drug safety 
has risen rapidly and remains at a high 
level. "This professional and lay concern has 
resulted in increased legislation," he point- 
ed out. "But rese:lrch is necessary if the 
consumer is to be adequately protected. 
This symposium gives us an opportunity 
to 'collate' the knowledge from the special- 
ties," he added. 
The symposium, titled "Some Aspects of 
Drug Safety," Was held is honor of Dr. L.I. 
Pugsley, recently retired as deputy director 
general of the Food and Drug Directorate. 


e 

 


WISH AN ADJUSTMENTl 


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should be accompanied by our most recent 
address label or imprint. (Attach in space pro- 
vided at right.) 


---------------1 
I I ATTACH CURRENT LABEL or IMPRINT HERE I 
to be assured of I 
I accurate, fast service .. I 
1______--------- 


ARE YOU 
o Receiving duplicate copies? 
o Actively registered with more than one pro- 
vincial nurses' association? 


permanent reg. no. 


permanent reg. no. 


PRINT NEW NAME and or ADDRESS BELOW 
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Transferring registration from one provincial 
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PLEASE ALLOW SIX WEEKS FOR PROCESSING 
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unless change or interruption in delivery is reported 
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ADDRESS ALL INQUIRIES TO: 
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OTHER ADJUSTMENT REQUESTED: 


16 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


AUGUST 1967 



news 


Centennial Homecoming 
Program Held by Ottawa Civic 
Hospital 
Ottawa. - The Ottawa Civic Hospital re- 
cently held a three-day centennial home- 
coming program. Past members of the hos- 
pital staff came from as far away as South 
Africa, Bermuda, and Trinidad and were en- 
thusiastic in their enjoyment of the medical 
and nursing archives and displays and ani- 
mated exhibits of many facets of the mod- 
ern hospital 
Guided tours of the hospital in general 
and some specialized departments. such as 
cancer clinic. radioisotope department. x-ray 
and laboratory were much appreciated. 
Short film shows were offered. including 
"The Vigil," "Stand By for Life," "A Pos- 
ition of Trust," and "A Century of Cana- 
dian Medicine." Alternatively. such varied 
subjects as pre-diabetes; skin cancer; instant 
prosthesIs; experimental kidney transplant; 
and open heart sugery were topics for in- 
formal talks by specialist members of the 
medical staff. 
The guest speaker at the well-attended of- 
ficial luncheon was The Honorable Matthew 
B. Dymond. Minister of Health for Onta- 
rio. He gave a thoughtful and analytical 
look at hospitals and did some crystal- 
gazing into the future. 
A reception and dance. a trip to Upper 
Canada Village, and a sightseeing tour of 
Ottawa were some of the items enjoyed dur- 
ing the three days. 
The hospital auxiliary provided a baby- 
sitting service ea
h day from 9:00 A.M. to 
5:00 P.M. with free lunch. organized games, 
story groups, and films. 


Day's Pay Furnishes Room 


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Nursing staff of St. Vincent de Paul's General Hospital, Broc
v
lle, proved 
that in an age of administration problems, nurses a,re not oblIvIOus. to the 
troubles of their hospital. Each member of the nursmg staff volun
aflly con- 
tributed a day's pay to furnish a semi-private room in the new wmg of the 
hospital. Sister Mary Hilarion, supe
io.r, reæive
 a cheque tor $1,600 on 
e- 
half of Mother Mary Angelica, admInistrator. SIster c
lled It a heart-warmmg 
gesture, typical of the interest of the staff of he hospital. Mrs. Anne l!eda. rd 
made the presentation. Behind, left to right, are some of the contflbutmg 
nurses: Mrs. Mildred Bigford, Mrs. Beverly Libitz, Mrs. Rose McDougall, 
Mrs. Anna Kelly, and Mrs. Ann Cameron. 


An informal luncheon on the hospital 
lawn brought the centennial homecoming 
program to a close and left everyone won- 
dering what changes lay ahead for the Civic 
Hospital. A model of the master plan to be 
developed over the next five years was 
shown. 


At the Ottawa Civic Hospital Centennial Homecoming Program held June 18-21, 
uniforms representative of the two hospitals that amalgamated with the Civic 
Hospital when it opened in 1925 were shown. Left: Ottawa Civic Hospital; 
middle: St. Luke'.f Hospital; right: Lady Stanley Institute. The gentleman on 
the left was dressed to represent the president of the board at the time of opening. 



 
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AUGUST 1967 


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Psychiatric Museum Opens at 
St-Michel-Archange Hospital 
Motltreal. - A weird electroshock appar- 
atus, a coffin for the living. a gruesome 
tranquilizer chair. and other inventions that 
would have scared 3 specialist in Chinese 
torture will be part of a new psychiatric 
museum at Hôpital St-Michel-Archange in 
Quebec. The museum was set up for dele- 
gates to the Canadian Medical Association 
and Canadian Association of Psychiatrists 
Conventions held in the city in June. 
The museum demonstrates some of the 
methods utilized in the treatment of mental 
diseases before the 20th century. It was es- 
tablished by the Hoffman-La Roche Com- 
pany with the collaboration of St-Michel- 
Archange Hospital. Nnmerous and various 
methods utilized to scare the sickness out of 
the patient are shown. 
A tranquilizing chair considered as one of 
the most accomplished restraint devices ever 
invented, and an "English Coffin" so narrow 
that the patient inside had to stand in one 
position, are part of the macabre exhibit. 
As well, a device for electroshock invented 
in 1765 by the Reverend John Wesley, 
founder of the Methodist church, is pre- 
sented. Other methods of the time included 
whipping, immersion, powerful vomitants, 
laxatives, and hallucinating drugs. 0 




 
41 


t." 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 


17 



names 


The Board of Directors of the Interna- 
tional Council of Nurses has announced the 
resignation of Helen Nussbaum, executive 
director of the ICN. 
Miss Nussbaum, Swiss by birth. look her 
general nurse training with the Italian Red 
Cross in Naples, then went to England to 
work in an obstetrical unit. She returned 
to Naples as an operating theatre nurse. 
before going to Switzerland to train for 
the Swiss graduate nurse diploma, which 
she earned in 1935. She served in her native, 
country until 1945. 
Twelve years' service in Greece included 
work for the United Nations Relief and 
Rehabilitation Administration, the World 
Health Organization, and the International 
Committee of the Red Cross. 
Miss Nussbaum became executive secre- 
tary of the Swiss Association of Graduate 
Nurses on returning to her country in 
1958. In 1961 she accepted the position of 
general secretary, now the office of execu- 
tive director, of the ICN. In May of this 
year she received the Florence Nightingale 
Medal from the International Committee 
of the Red Cross. Failing health was given 
as the reason for her retirement. 


Succeeding Miss 
Nussbaum as director 
of the International 
Council of Nurses is 
-;; .... Sheila Quinn, present- 
---' Iy deputy director. 
Miss Quinn, a state 

 2 registered nurse and 
..," .... state certified midwife, 
took post-basic studies 
in ward administration at the Royal College 
of Nursing, London, England, and received 
the Nurse Tutor Diploma from the Univer- 
sity of London. Joining the staff of the 
Prince of Wales Hospital, London, in 1951, 
she attained the position of principal sister 
tutor. During this time she studied for a 
B.Sc. degree in economics from the Uni- 
versity of London, graduating in 1959. 
She joined the staff of the ICN in 1961 
as director of the newly-created Division 
of Social and Economic Welfare. In August 
of last year she accepted the position of 
deputy director. 
She becume executive director designate 
on Miss Nussbaum's retirement, and as- 
sumes the title of the executive director on 
January I, 1968. 


Shirley R. Good has been appointed nur- 

ing consultant, higher education, of the 
Canadian Nurses' Association. She assumed 


18 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


her duties at CNA 
House on July 10, 
1967. 
Miss Good. a gra- 
duate of Women's Col- 
lege Hospital, Toron- 
to, holds a certificate 
in clinical supervision, 
medical-sugical nurs- 
ing, from the Univer- 
sity of Toronto. She obtained a B.Sc.N. 
and M.Ed. from Drury College, Spring- 
field, Missouri. 
She has worked in hospitals in Wawa, 
Ontario, and Toronto. Later, she went to 
Springfield Baptist Hospital, attaining the 
position of associate director, nursing edu- 
cation, and medical nursing instructor. 
In 1962 she accepted the position of 
lecturer in nursing service administration 
at the University of Western Ontario. Prior 
to her appointment 10 the CNA. Miss Good 
attended Teachers College, with the aid of 
a Canadian Nurses' Foundation Scholarship, 
and earned a doctorate in education. 


H. Evelyn Mallory 
retires this month as 
professor and director 
of the school of nurs- 
ing, University of Brit- 
ish Columbia. A 1925 
graduate of the school 
of nursing of Winni- 
peg General Hospital, 
Miss Mallory worked 
at the Children's Hospital. Winnipeg for two 
years as an instructor in the school of nurs- 
ing and assistant direclor of nursing service. 
She obtained her bachelor of science 
degree in 1930 and became educational 
director, Winnipeg General Hospital School 
of Nursing. In 1932, she became an in- 
structor of nursing sciences at the Vancouver 
General Hospital School of Nursing, a 
position she held for three years until her 
return to Children's Hospital, Winnipeg, 
where she became director of nursing and 
director of the school of nursing for six 
years. 
In 1941 Miss Mallory returned to British 
Columbia and served for three years as 
registrar, and educational adviser to schools 
of nursing, of the Registered Nurses' Asso- 
ciation of British Columbia. She first join- 
ed the faculty of the University of British 
Columbia in 1942 as associate professor, 
Department of Nursing and Health. She 
obtained her MA from Teachers O>llege, 
Columbia University, and in 1951 was ap- 
pointed professor and director, school of 
nursing, University of British Columbia. 


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. 


- 
- 


Active in many professional organizations 
Miss Mallory has been president of the 
Manitoba Association of Registered Nurses, 
President of the Canadian Conference Uni- 
versity Schools of Nursing, and member 
of the Expert Advisory Panel on Nursing 
of the World Health Organization. 


Vera Ostapovitch, a 
graduate of the school 
of nursing of Saska- 
toon City Hospital, 
,.. was recently appointed 

 director of nursing at 
Moose Jaw Union 
Hospital, Moose Jaw, 
Saskatchewan. 
After graduation. 
Miss Ostapovitch undertook postgraduate 
study in obstetrical nursing at the Vancou- 
ver General Hospital and went on to obtain 
a diploma in teaching and supervision from 
the University of Saskatchewan School of 
Nursing in 1956. She received both her 
bachelor's and master's degrees in nursing 
administration from the University of Min- 
nesota. 
Prior to her present appointment, Miss 
Ostapovitch was nursing service advisor for 
the Saskatchewan Registered Nurses' Asso- 
ciation in Regina. Her other experience in- 
cludes positions as director of nursing at 
York ton General Auxiliary Hospital. York- 
ton, and medical supervisor at University 
Hospital in Saskatoon. From 1961 to 1965 
she was associate director of nursing at 
Winnipeg General Hospital. 
Miss Ostapovitch has held executive posi- 
tions with the SRNA, including that of pres- 
ident of the Yorkton Chapter and she is 
presently nursing service advisor. 


Six Canadian nurses who recently joined 
the staff of the World Health Organization 
visited heildquarters of WHO in Geneva 
before taking up their assignments with the 
Organization. 
Edith Matte has been appointed as public 
health nurse educator in Libreville, Gabon. 
Miss Matte was health visitor with the Minis- 
try of Health in Quebec, and prior to this 
she was a team leader at the Hotel Dieu, 
Montreal. 
Amelia Pinset, a former instructor in nurs- 
ing education at the Toronto General Hospi- 
tal, and before that, at The Montreal Gener- 
al Hospital, has been assigned to the nursing 
education team in Cairo. 
Teresa Knapik, who was previously in- 
structor in nursing science at the Foothills 
School of Nursing, Calgary, has been ap- 
pointed as public health nurse in Gambia. 
AUGUST 1%7 



names 


From the same hospital in Calgary, where 
she was instructor in nursing fundamentals, 
Margaret Sbenningsen has joined the WHO 
team at the Post-Basic Nursing Department 
at the University of Ghana in Legon. 
Dorothy Mizuhara, who for the past ten 
years has been public health nursing super- 
visor with the Child Health Association in 
Montreal, has now been appointed public 
health nursing educator in Zambia. 
Marie-Véronique Couillard, has joined the 
WHO staff at the School of Nursing, 
Niamey, Niger, as medical/surgical nurse 
educator. In her previous position Miss 
Couillard was curriculum director at the 
Hotel Dieu, Edmundston, New Brunswick. 


Mary E. Wilkins 
was recently appoint- 
ed director of nursing 
at the Ontario Hospi- 
tal, Brockville, Ontar- 
io. 
A graduate of the 
school of nursing of 
the Ontario Hospital, 
Mrs. Wilkins did un- 
dergraduate and postgraduate work at St. 
Michael"s Ho
pital. Toronto. She went on 
to gain a certificate in nursing education 
and administration from the University of 
Toronto School of Nursing in 1946. 
She has worked at the Ontario Hospi- 
tal since graduating. She has held positions 
as supervisor, instructor. and assistant dir- 
ector of nursing. 
Mrs. Wilkins has been active on several 
committees of the Registered Nurses' Asso- 
ciation of Ontario, and is currently presi- 
dent of the Nurses' Alumnae of the Ontario 
Hospital School of Nursing. 



 


- 


"It was an interesting and excltmg job 
and it has given me a broader perspective," 
said Beverly Marie DuGas describing her 
past two years as nurse educator in Chandi- 
garh, India. Mrs. DuGas visited CNA 
House in June, on her way home to Van- 
couver. 
She beçame involved with the World 
Health Organization in July, 1965 when 
she was approached for the posll1on as 
nurse educator. "Always interested in trav- 
eling and in doing something in another 
part of the world" she W:)S not long in 
deciding to accept. 
Her job in Chandigarh was to help expand 
and develop nursing education programs at 
the univer
ity level. She was also involved 
in teaching curriculum development and me- 
thods of teaching. Students in India she 
described as "the same as in Canada - 
delightful." The educational system is sim- 
ilar to Britain's and their uniforms are 
similar to ours. Some nurses in both Delhi 
AUGUST 1967 


and Chandigarh wear white saris. however. 
Mrs. DuGas gradu.:ited from the school 
of nursing at the Vancouver General Hos- 
pital in 1945 and received her B.A. the 
same year from the University of British 
Columbia. She obtained her master of 
nursing degree in nursing school adminis- 
tration from the University of Washington 
in Seattle. Immediately prior to joining 
WHO she was associate director of nursing 
(education) at the Vancouver General Hos- 
pital, a position she held from 1957 to 
1965. This year, the book: FUlldamema/s of 
Nursilll? which she wrote in collaboration 
with Mrs. Barbara Kozier, was published by 
the W.B. Saunders Company. 


Una Ridley, former 
director of nursing at 
the Sarnia General 
Hospital, Sarnia, On- 
tario, recently was ap- 
pointed director of the 
St. Clair Regional 
School of Nursing in 
Sarnia. 
A graduate of the 
Kingston Public Hospital. Jamaica, she at- 
tended a Nurse Midwifery Course, graduat- 
ing in 1958 from the Luton Maternity Hos- 
pital, Luton, England. She received her 
bachelor of science in nursing degree from 
Assumption University of Windsor in 1963. 
Miss Ridley had experience as a school 
and general duty nurse in Jamaica before 
becoming head nurse at Rush Green Hos- 
pital in Romford. England. In 1961 she 
moved to the Grace Salvation Army Hos- 
pital in Windsor to become an instructor 
in pediatrics. 
She accepted her new post on March 1. 
1967. and with it the responsibility of 
planning the curriculum for the new school. 


.. 


Veronica Orton- 
Johnson has been ap- 
pointed assistant di- 
rector of the Scarbo- 
rough Regional School 
of Nursing, West Hill, 
Ontario. She will take 
up her duties August 
21, 1967. 
A graduate of the 
Regina General Hospital School of Nursing, 
Mrs. Orton-Johnson obtained her bachelor 
of nursing degree from McGill University. 
She has taught at the Regina General Hospi- 
tal in Saskatchewan and the Hospital for 
Sick Children in Toronto. Prior to her pre- 
sent appointment at the Scarborough Re- 
gional School of Nursing, Mrs. Orton-John- 
son taught for four years at the Nightingale 
School of Nursing in Toronto. 


The people of Trout River, Bonne Bay, 
Newfoundland, have shown their apprecia- 
tion for 10 years of devoted service as a 
public health nurse to Audrey Jakeman 
by naming a school in her honor. 0 


R
 NM1t P 00 , 
Preferred by Nurses Everywhere! ; . 
1. ANN COHN. L.P. N. f: 
 
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largest.seiling among nurses' Superb lifetIme quality 
smooth rounded edges featherweIght, lies flat 
deeply engraved. and lacquered Snow whlfe plastIc w,lI 
not yellow. Satisfaction guaranteed. qOU
 DISCOUNTS 
SMART IDEA: Order 2 identical (same name) Pins at discount 
prices, as precaution against loss and W,th 1 lone W,th 2 hnes 
added convenience (less changing). lelterong lelterong 


1 Pin only .60' .90' 
2 .(lent,cal 1.00 . 1.60' 
1 Pin only 1.25' 1.55 . 
2 Identical 2.00. 2.60' 


* IMPORTANT Please add 2St per order tlandllni charee on all orders of 
J pins or less. GROUP DISCOUNTS: 25.99 pins. 5%; 100 or more. 10% 
BRAND NEW! ..!:'.. 'f. C " 
 
Remove and rerasten cap' O ap -,a 
 "" 
band Instantly lor launder- V 
Ing or replacement! T my 6 Cap $1 . "" 
molded black plast,c tac. No. Tacs _ 
dainty gold cadeuceus 200 only ..?\ 
CROSS Pen and Pencil 
World famous Cross wntlng Instruments wittl 
Sculptured Caduceus Emblem. lifetime guarantee 
12 I(T. GOLD FILLED LUSTROUS CHROME 


No. 6603 $7.50 
No. 6602 7.50 
No.6601 15.00 


No. 3503 $4.50 
No.3502 4.50 
No.3501 9.00 


Pencil 
Pon 
Set 


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No. 1610 Lighter 6.00 ea. ppd. 



 
 Waterproof NURSES WATCH 
_ Swiss made. raised silver full numerals. lumin. mark- 
.;.... Ings. Red.lipped sweep second tland, chrome/stainless 
. c2lse. St2llnless expanSion band plus FREE black leather 
strap. 1 yr. guarantee. 
No. 06.925 . . . 12.95 oa. ppd. 

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in steel. Guaranteed to stay sharp 2 years. 
No. 13728 Shoar. 2.00 oa. ppd. 


TO REEVES COMPANY, Alllebara, Mass. 02703 U.S.A 


Please send 
 1 Pin 02 Pins (same name) i 
STYLE NO_ . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . as shown above I 
METAL FINISH (100 or 1691. OGoid OS,!ver I 
LETTERING COLOR ,Black 0 Oar. Blue : 
LETTERING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : 
2nd Line . . . . . . . . . . .. . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : 
QUANT. PRICE I 


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I 0 Send Complete Nurses Items Catalog 

-------------------------
 


ITEM 


DRDER ND. 


I enclose $ . 0 . . . . . 0 . (Mass residents add 3% S. T.) 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 19 



FOR PATIENT PROTECTION 


POSEY HEEL PROTECTOR 
(Patent Pendmg) 
The Posey Heel Protector serves to protect 
the heel of the foot and prevents irritation 
from rubbing. Constructed of slick
 pliable 
plastic, lined with artificial lamb's wool. Can 
be washed or autoclaved. No. HP-63AlW. 
$3.90 ea. $780 pro 


NO. 66 
POSEY BELT 
Patent Pending 


\ 


Thi. new 
Po.ey Be I t 
provides safe. 
ty to a bed 
patient yet 
permit. him 
to turn from side to 
.ide. Also allow. .itting 
up, if belt i. slackened. 
Made of strong, rein- 
forced white cotton webbing; with flannel- 
lined canvas reinforced insert. Strap passel 
under bed after a turn around spring rail to 
anchor. Friction-type buckles. Buckle is un- 
der .ide of bed out of patient's sight and 
reach. Also available in Key-lock model 
which attache. to each .ide of bed. Small, 
medium and large sizes. No. 66. $8.10. Key- 
Lock Belt, No. K66, $13.95. 


-, 


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POSEY SAFETY BELT 
Patented 
Allows maximum freedom with safe re- 
strain'. An improvement over sideboards, 
the Po.ey belt is designed to be under the 
patient and out of the way. Belt and bed 
strap are of heavy white cotton webbing; 
loop o':1d pad of corton flannel. Friction-type, 
rust-resistant buckles. Small, Medium and 
Large sizes. Safely Belt, No. 5-141, $6.75. 
(Extra heavy construction with key. lock 
buckles, No_ P-453, $19.80) 


POSEY PRODUCTS 
Stocked in Canada 
B. C. HOLLINGSHEAD LIMITED 
64 Gerrard Street E. 
Toronto 2r Canada 


20 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


dates 


August 21-24, 1967 
American Hospital Association, 69th 
annual meeting, Chicago's Internation- 
al Amphitheatre, Chicago. 


August 25-31, 1967 
Fifth International Congress of Physi- 
cal Medicine. To be held at the Queen 
Elizabeth Hotel, Montreal. 


August 27 - September 2, 1967 
First North American Conference on 
the Family to be held at Laval Uni- 
versity, Quebec City. For information, 
registration forms, write: Mr. Pierre 
Brien, P.O. Box 717, Quebec 4, P.Q. 


September, 1967 
Registered Nurses' Association of 
Prince Edward Island, Annual Meet- 
ing. 


September 4-6, 1967 
Canadian Association of Medical Rec- 
ord librarians, 25th Annual Meeting, 
Holiday Inn, Montreal. 


September 7-8; 1967 
New Brunswick Hospital Association, 
Annual Meeting, Algonquin Hotel, St. 
Andrew's, N.B. 


September 7-10, 1967 
United Ostomy Association, Inc. Fifth 
Annual Convention. To be held at 
Holiday Inn, 420 Sherbrooke Street 
West, Montreal. Nurses invited. Guest 
speaker: Dr. Rupert Turnbull, Cleve- 
land Clinic. 10 manufacturers of 
ostomy equipment will exhibit. Infor- 
mation: Mrs. Helen Litwin, 4635 Ox- 
ford Ave., Montreal 29, P.Q. 


September 11-12, 1967 
Catholic Hospitol Conference of Al- 
berta, Annual Convention, Edmonton. 


September 19-22, 1967 
10th Conference on Mental Retarda- 
tion. Chateau Frontenac, Quebec City. 
For further information write: Mrs. 
D.M. Scott, National Conference 
Chairman, 281 Huron Street, London, 
Ontario. 


September 15-17, 1967 
70th Anniversary, Aberdeen Hospital 
School of Nursing, New Glasgow, 
Nova Scotia. Write: Mrs. Allison Mac- 
Culloch, R.R. #2, New Glasgow, Pic- 
tou Co., Nova Scotia. 


Late September, 1967 
The Saskatoon City Hospital graduates 
in Eastern Ontario are planning a 
reunion in St. Catharines, Ontario. 
Would graduates of the school in 
Eastern Canada please send names, 
year of graduation, and addresses to: 
Miss Ruth Schinbein, West Lincoln 
Memorial Hospital, Grimsby, Ontario. 


October 8-11, 1967 
Community Planning Association of 
Canada, Centennial Year National 
Planning Conference, Ottawa. 


October 19-21, 1967 
First reunion of graduates of the 
McGill School for Graduate Nurses, 
Montreal. For further information 
write Moyra Allen, Acting President of 
the Alumnae Association, School for 
Graduate Nurses, 3618 University 
Street, Montreal 2, P.Q. 


October 24-27, 1967 
Regional Workshop for Directors of 
Nursing Service in Hospitals. Con- 
ducted by the Canadian Nurses' Asso- 
ciation. Location: School of Nursing, 
Regina General Hospital, Regina, 
Saskatchewan. 


October 21, 1967 
Eleventh Annual Symposium on Re- 
habilitation, sponsored by Rehabilita- 
tion Foundation for the Disabled and 
Ontario Society for Crippled Children, 
Inn-on-the-Park, Toronto. Write: Dr. D. 
A. Gibson, Suite 1028, 123 Edward 
St., Toronto 2, Ontario. 


November 7-9 r 1967 
9th Annual Meeting Operating Room 
Nurses of Montreal. To be held at 
Skyline Hotel, 6050 Cote de Liesse, 
Montreal, P.Q. 


November 16-17, 1967 
ANPQ Annual Meeting, Chateau 
Frontenac, Quebec City. 


May, 1968 
Ontario Hospital, Kingston, Nurses 
Alumnae 1968 Reunion. All interested 
graduates please write Miss Marie 
Peters, Ontario Hospital, Kingston. 


July, 1968 
Canadian Nurses' Association General 
Meeting to be held in Saskatoon, Sas- 
katchewan. 


AUGUST 1967 



new products 


{ 


Descriptions are based on information 
supplied by the manufacturer and are 
provided only aø a service to readers. 


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Dat-EK 
(COMPUTER INSTRUMENTS) 
Description - Dat-EK records electrocar- 
diograms, and transmits them in electronic 
code over a telephone line to a central 
computer, where they are analyzed in 
seconds. Readings are returned to source, 
usually over an electronic printer, for use 
of attending physician. Photo shows an 
electrocardiogram being taken on Dat-EK 
for transmission to computer. 
For information write: Computer Instru- 
ments Corporation, 92 Madison Avenue, 
Hempstead, L.I., New York 11550. 


Portagen 
(MEAD JOHNSON) 
Description - A nutritionally complete 
powder formulated with a special fat mix- 
ture consisting of medium chain triglycer- 
ides (derived from coconut din plus small 
but nutritionally ample quantities of the 
essential polyunsaturated fatty acids, as 
safflower oil. 
Indicatiolls - For use in the nutritional 
management of infants and adults who do 
not efficiently digest and absorb conven- 
tional long-chain food fats. The triglycerides 
contained in Portagen are more easily and 
more rapidly hydrolyzed and absorbed than 
AUGUST 1967 


, 


the triglycerides of long-chain fatty acids 
present in conventional food fats. For use 
also in pancreatic insufficiency, bile acid 
deficiency, intestinal resection, lymphatic 
anomalies, steatorrhea. 
Administration - Portagen powder can 
be prepared as an infant formula or as a 
beverage. 
Further information may be obtained 
from Mead Johnson Laboratories, 111 St. 
Clair Ave. W., Toronto 7, Onto 


Monosticon 
(ORGANON) 
Description - A rapid slide test for 
infectious mononucleosis that can be per- 
formed on whole blood, serum, or plasma. 
Neutralizing antigens (beef and guinea pig) 
are supplied to provide a definitive diag- 
nosis of infectious mononucleosis. The re- 
cently released test adapts the complex and 
time-consuming heterophile differential test 
of Davidsohn to a glass slide. Now, it is 
possible and practical to diagnose infec- 
tious mononucleosis accurately in two 
minutes, using only three drops of finger- 
tip blood instead of blood obtained by 
venipuncture. 
The Monosticon slide test permits almost 
instant confirmation or exclusion of in- 
fectious mononucleosis in patients with sug- 
gestive symptoms. It permits the screen- 
ing of large groups of people living or 
working in close contact. e.g., schools, col- 
leges, nursing homes and other institutions. 
Monosticon Quantitative, a companion 
titration test, permits serial dilutions to de- 
termine precisely the titer or quantitative 
level of the heterophile antibody during the 
course of the patient's illness. Results are 
reported in the same terms as the David- 
sohn differential test. 
For information on procedure, precau- 
tions or further background, write: Orga- 
non Inc., 286 St. Paul Street West, Mont- 
real, P.Q. 



 
I 


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IIU "01 


Microlax 
(PHARMACIA) 
Description - A new disposable micro- 
enema containing tribasic sodium citrate, 
sorbitol, sodium lauryl sulphoacetate, and 
a small amount of glycerin. 
Indications - Constipation in rectum 
and sigmoid colon; constipation during preg- 
nancy; encopresis, cOI'Jrostasis; constipation 
associated with confinements or surgery; and 
as a preliminary to rectoscopic and sigmoi- 
doscopic examinations. 
Dosage - Adults and children: Rectal 
application of the contents of one tube. 
Bowel evacuation follows usually 5 to 20 
minutes after the administration of Micro- 
lax. One drop of the contents of the tube 
suffices for lubrication of the nozzle. 
For further information write: Pharma- 
cia (Canada) Ltd., 110 Place Cremazie, 
Suite 412, Montreal, P.Q. 


Defibrillator 
(GENERAL ElECTRIC) 
Description - A D.C. Defibrillator for 
emergency use in cardiac intensive care 
suites. The unit is designed to correct ven- 
tricular fibrillation, artial fibrillation and 
ventricular tachycardia by reinstating the 
rhythmic contractions of the heart. It does 
this by providing a pulse of electrical en- 
ergy through the heart, across the closed 
chest or directly across the heart, thus de- 
polarizing all of the heart cells. 
The new unit is available with an op- 
tional QRS synchronizer which accepts am- 
plified ECG signals from a cardiac monitor, 
identifies the portion of the signals asso- 
ciated with ventricular contraction, then 
triggers the Defibrillator. The QRS syn- 
chronizer insures that the delivery of the 
electrical pulse will not occur during the 
vulnerable T-wave period. 
For more information about cardiac care 
equipment and systems, write to your local 
General Electric x-ra)' Department. 


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THE CANADIAN NURSE 21 



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22 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


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call is for IIStat." 
diagnostic findings 


. . . you can rely on AMES tests for immediate 
results in which you can have the utmost 
confidence. For example: 


LABSTIX" Reagent Strips: provide the broadest urine 
screening possible from a single reagent strip test; you get 
5 basic uro-analytical facts in 30 seconds-pH; protein; 
glucose; ketones (acetone and acetoacetic acid), and occult 
blood. The new firm, clear, plastic reagent strip permits 
precise, reproducible readings in all 5 diagnostic areas. 


DEXTROSTIX" Reagent Strips: provide a blood glucose 
determination in just 60 seconds with only one drop of 
capillary blood. DEXTROSTIX is invaluable in diabetic 
screening and management, and in emergency situations 
such as differential diagnosis of diabetic coma. This 
"true-glucose" method is also useful in a variety of clinical 
situations where rapid and accurate blood glucose 
estimations are needed. 


CliNITEST" Reagent Tablets-provide a quick, reliable, 
quantitative estimate of urine sugar. Testing with 
CLiNITEST has special significance for the hard-to-control 
diabetic, the newly diagnosed patient. or in diabetes when 
insulin, other medication or diet is being adjusted. 


Reliable Reproducible Results 
AM ES tests are easy to perform and require no elaborate 
laboratory apparatus. They are designed to provide depend- 
able clues to abnorm=31 condition5 when rapid findings are 
necessary. Re3gents employed in each strip are precisely 
controlled to provide uniformity in composition. Accurate, 
reliable reproducible readings are thus assured. Ready inter- 
pretation of results is permitted through the precise matching 
of colour changes observed after testing, with colour charts 
provided for each determination. AMES diagnostic aids save 
time, money and space. Moreover they prove of material 
assistance to physicians by helping to recognize patients 
who need immediate care, further study, or more extensive 
diagnostic procedures. 


Ames Company of Canada, ltd. 
Rexdale, Ontario. 


(A' 


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AUGUST 1967 



in a capsule 


Different Approach 
Nursing is different at Brattleboro, Ver- 
mont. Each nurse works with one doctor, 
and she is responsible for taking care of 
his patients - no matter what ward they 
are on. 
Practical nurses are trained to take over 
administrative duties, and purely secretarial 
jobs are handled by unit clerks. All ward 
charge nurses are practical nurses directed 
by an RN supervisor. 
This system was started by Mr. Joseph 
LaVoie, former director of nursing, and 
continued by Mrs. Hilda Packard, current 
director of nursing. 
A refreshing approach and it apparently 
works. - Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 
vol. 4, no. 6, Nov.-Dec. 1966, p. 613. 


Clue to Color in Negroes, Whites 
Quantitive differences in the level of an 
enzyme in compounded form show up in 
Negro and white people and may actually 
affect pigmentation, reported Drs. Kenneth 
M. Halprin and Akira Ohkawara of the 
University of Oregon Medical School. 
Dr. Halprin said measurable differences 
were found in glutathione reductase, a body 
enzyme which affects the level of gluta- 
thione, which in turn inhibits melanin forma- 
tion. In the original study, involving seven 
white and seven Negro persons, whites had 
a high level of glutathione reductase, Ne- 
groes a low level. One Indian student had a 
level in-between Negreos and whites. 
"We aren't saying that this enzyme af- 
fects pigmentation," Dr. Halprin said. "It's 
a theory, though we have no proof as yet, 
and we know of no way of getting inside 
the cell to prove it." 
Since the original study, the same quan- 
titative differences have been found in 15 
more Negro and white persons. 
Dr. Halprin said there is some evidence 
that the enzymes may be different proteins 
in the two races. - Applied Therapeutics, 
January 1967, volume 9, no. 1, p. 40. 


Is It Worth 1ft 
Physical and psychological effects of "the 
Pill" have become a major source for news- 
paper headlines of late. The controversy 
ultimately boils down to a choice between 
psychological benefits or physical draw- 
backs. The latest argument against taking 
the contraceptive pill comes from a Dutch 
doctor, Dr. J.G. DeFares of Leiden Univer- 
sity, who says evidence points to the con- 
clusion that the pill produces in women a 
condition comparable to that after the meno- 


AUGUST 1967 


pause. He describes the effect of the pill 
as "creeping, subclinical, but radical," ac- 
cording to a report in the Globe and Mail. 
He goes on to say that the pill "leads to 
the degeneration of tissue, quite clearly ac- 
celerates the aging process, upsets the nat- 
ural defense mechanisms, and affects the 
woman in her most essential characteristic 
- her femininity." 
Meanwhile, American psychologists have 
been studying the psychological factors in 
the use of birth control pills. The study. 
the first of its kind in the United States, in- 
volved psychological testing before and dur- 
ing use of the pills by 24 couples, 15 of 
whom stayed on pills throughout the study, 
while nine gave up. Basically. results showed 
that wives who continue to Use birth con- 
trol pills show increased interest in sex. 
while those who quit the pill often show 
less. The pill-taking wives suffer less from 
depression and anxiety, and their husbands 
generally benefit psychologically also. Both 
groups of women had about the same 
amount of annoying side effects, such as 


headache and nausea, but some were appar- 
ently "willing to tolerate these annoyances 
if they enjoy sexuality..." 
Canada. too, has its contribution to make 
in the current debate. In a study of 637 
private women patients in 10 centers across 
Canada, "the startling thing is that the wo- 
men trying not to get pregnant became preg- 
nant at pretty much the same rate as those 
who were trying," according to Dr. Alan 
Giffen, a Toronto obstetrician and gynaecol- 
ogist. The original aim of the study, which 
involved only women who had borne chil- 
dren after taking the pill, was to see 
"whether there was any increased incidence 
of abnormality among the babies," Dr. Gif- 
fen said. "There definitely was not." 
At the Canadian Medical Association an- 
nual convention in Quebec City recently, a 
panel of doctors reported that they are see- 
ing more and more cases of reactions in 
women patients who are taking birth con- 
trol pills. Symptoms range from ch
nges in 
skin pigmentation to serious depression ver- 
ging on suicide. 


MATERNITY 


PLEASE 
DEPOSIT 
LITTER 
HERE 


ß 


I 

 


"I'm afraid there's been 50me mistake. . ." 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 23 



to hasten 
healing 


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I ., , " .. 
. L.. ..... <:1-4'",.- 
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., 
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with 
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Elase is a combination of two lytic enzymes- 
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contains 1 unit (Loomis) of fibrinolysin, 666 units 
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, 

 
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necrotic debris between applications. 
PRECAUTIONS: Observe usual precautions against 
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to materials of bovine origin. Following long-term topical 
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to the drug. SIDE EFFECTS: Local hyperemia may occur 
following the use of Elase. SUPPLY: Elase Ointment with 
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Detailed information available On request. C...D.... 


I PARKE-DAVIS I 


PARKE DAVIS ð COMPANY LTC MONTREAL 9 



For the past two decades, we have 
lived in a society that has constantly 
reported a shortage of skilled man- 
power. These reports have come from 
all phases of business and industry 
and from many segments of the health 
profession. We have accepted this sit- 
uation as a condition of life rather 
than as a human problem that can 
and will submit to rational solutions. 
In the nursing profession, we have 
heard continuously about a "shortage 
of nurses." This so-called shortage can 
and probably has jeopardized the 
entire structure of health care in this 
country. It will continue to do so as 
long as we refuse to face the problem 
squarely as a preface to seeking and 
finding solutions to it. 


No shortage of nurses 
Against this background, I wish to 
record, with all the emphasis at my 
command, two particular points: 
1. At this time in Canada, there is 
no shortage of qualified nurses. There 
is an abundance of nurses. There is, 
however, such a colossal waste of 
nursing skills from poor utilization of 
nursing time, turnover of staff, emi- 
gration and non-practicing personnel, 
that it results in an actual shortage 
of available nursing hours. 
2. Unless corrected, the sub-standard 
levels of salaries and working condi- 
tions now prevailing in the profession 
will, within a few years, create an ac- 
tual shortage of nurses. Since 1950, the 
percentage of qualified women seeking 
AUGUST 1967 


Manpower problems 
. . 
In nursing 


There is no shortage of qualified nurses. There is, however, such a colossal waste 
of nursing skills that an actual shortage of available nursing hours results. 


Helen K. Mussallem, R.N., Ed.D. 


entry into the profession has declined 
by more than 50 percent and the de- 
cline is continuing. 
In the context of manpower prob- 
lems, our profession is grappling si- 
multaneously with two crises: How, 
in a period of an abundance of nurses, 
can their time be used effectively to 
provide adequate nursing service? And 
how can the decline of admissions in- 
to the profession be arrested so that 
adequate nurses will be available to 
provide necessary care in the future? 
Basic data now available 
A few years ago, these observations 
and conclusions might well have been 
reached, but would necessarily have 
been based on conjectures. There 
existed very little valid data on nurse 
manpower in Canada. This now has 
changed - and it has changed through 
a full-scale data collection program 
initiated and financed by the Canadian 
Nurses' Association, the largest pro- 
fessional health association in Canada. 
Among its many duties, our Research 
Unit now provides basic, essential 
data on the nurse population and the 
disposition of nursing skills. We obtain 
this information through arrangements 
with the 10 provincial assoèiations. 
who in turn, obtain it from individual 


Dr. Mussallem is Executive Director of 
the Canadian Nurses' Association. This 
paper is adapted from an address to the 
IOOth Annual Meeting of the Canadian 
Medical Association. 


nurses at the time of initial registration 
or re-registration. We now know what 
is happening in the profession. 
Several categories of personnel con- 
tribute to the nursing care of patients 
in hospitals and in the community. 
While I shall mention briefly the nurs- 
ing assistant or practical nurse, my 
information will be largely related to 
the registered nurse population 
those who have graduated from di- 
ploma or degree programs. Here are 
a few pertinent facts. 
Ratio could be 1:80 
There are in Canada over 12 I ,000 
registered nurses, or a ratio of one 
registered nurse to 164 population - 
the highest ratio yet attained in Cana- 
da and one of the highest in the world. 
This figure represents only those nur- 
ses who are currently registered. It 
does not represent nurses who were 
once registered and not employed, nor 
those who are employed and not reg- 
istered - as they may be in six prov- 
inces. When these nurses are includ- 
ed, it is estimated that our total nurse 
population is not 121,000, but closer 
to 250,000 - or a ratio of nurses to 
population of I in 80. 
Why then the persistent cry across 
the country of shortages of nurses? 
There are many reasons. First, what 
is the employment status? Data based 
on information from 95 percent of 
currently registered nurses reveals 
that: 
. Only 54 percent are employed 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 25 



full time, that is, just over one-half 
the registered nurses m Canada 
(61,466). 
. Nineteen percent (21,051) are 
employed part-time. 
. Twenty-two percent (24.638) are 
not employed in nursing. 
. Five percent (5,711) did not 
report their employment status. 
Is there a shortage of nurses? No. 
There is a shortage of nurses work- 
ing in the occupation of nursing. Why? 
We have failed to eliminate the wast- 
age of highly skilled professionals be- 
cause we can afford to be wasteful 
in Canada. 
What are some of the characteris- 
tics of employed nurses? The over- 
whelming percentage of employed 
nurses - 78.7 percent - work in 
hospitals. Despite efforts to increase 
public health programs, only 6.3 per- 
cent are employed in this specialty. A 
gradually declining group is that of 
private duty nursing - 4.5 percent. 
The remainder are located in schools 
of nursing, which employ 3.5 percent: 
office nurses and those working for 
doctors and dentists represent 2.6 per- 
cent; and occupational health enga- 
ges 1.7 percent. 
Ours is a young population. The 
majority of nursing manpower (43,000) 
is in the younger age group. Over 50 
percent of these employed nurses are 
under 35 years and 40 percent are 
under 30 years. The median age is 
33.5. 
In Canada today, more married 
women have remained in or are re- 
entering the labor force. This is true 
in nursing. Over 50 percent (42,747) 
of employed nurses are married. 
Despite efforts made to upgrade the 
qualifications of nurses, a pathetically 
small proportion of nurses hold the 
qualifications required, particularly in 
the senior administrative positions and 
in schools of nursing. [t is agreed that 
25 to 33 percent of positions in nurs- 
ing in Canada require at least a bac- 
calaureate degree. In actual fact, only 
5 percent of nurses have these qualifi- 
cations - and the yearly increase is 
imperceptible. 
26 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Nursing in Canada is mainly a fe- 
male occupation. Of the more than 
80,000 employed nurses, only 372, 
or less than 0.5 percent, are men. 


Rate of turnover hi2h 
In the context of nursing hours 
available for actual nursing, there is 
one situation that is particularly signif- 
icant within the profession and that 
is the rate of turnover. The impli- 
cations of high turnover are far-reach- 
ing indeed. The actual loss in effective 
nursing man-hours is most significant. 
The loss in dollars is phenomenal. 
Melbin and Taub, dealing with the 
high cost of replacing a nurse in the 
October 1966 issue of Hospitals 
quoted studies revealing that the mea- 
sure able cost of replacing one nurse 
in a large metropolitan hospital is ap- 
proximately $500.* Using this figure as 
a criterion in the Canadian situation, 
the turnover of nursing personnel 
costs millions annually. 
Through unpublished data from the 
Dominion Bureau of Statistics, made 
available to the Research Unit of the 
CNA, we now know much more about 
turnover than was known a few 
years ago. The highest mean turnover 
rate of full-time nursing department 
staff is in public general hospitals and 
is in the category of general staff 
nurses. Each year there is a turnover 
of 61 percent of the general staff. For 
example, if 60,000 of the nurse power 
are general staff nurses (and this is 
probably a conservative estimate), 
each year 40,000 staff nurses change 
positions. Using the $500 figure cal- 
culated by Melbin and Taub, this 
would represent a cost of approxi- 
mately 20 million dollars per year 
for turnover of general staff nurses 
alone. This figure, incidentally, does 
not take into account the uncalcula- 
ble costs such as loss of effectiveness 
of a new staff member, time spent by 
other nurses and ward personnel an- 
swering questions, giving guidance, 


* Murray Melbin and Doris L. Taub, 
"The High Cost of Replacing a Nurse," 
Hospitals, Oct. 16, 1966. 


and generally integrating the new 
member into the working team. 
The next highest mean turnover 
rate is full-time qualified nursing as- 
sistants - 42.94 percent, followed 
closely by orderlies - 41.95 percent. 
The mean turnover rate for nursing 
directors in public general hospitals is 
15.9 percent; among nursing super- 
visors, it is 14 percent; and among 
head nurses it is 18.03 percent. 
To caluculate this loss in hours 
and dollars, as these changes take 
place in the almost 1,000 general 
public hospitals in Canada, would be 
to arrive at astronomical totals. 


How to increase manpower 
How can available manpower in 
nursing be increased? There are nu- 
merous ways in which this can be 
done. 
1. Reduce the wastage of nursing 
hours through improved utilization of 
the nurse's time. Over 100,000 hours 
of highly-skilled time of registered 
nurses - the equivalent of over 
12,000 registered nurses - are wasted 
daily across Canada, either through 
carrying out duties that could be as- 
signed to less skilled workers or car- 
rying out medical procedures. 
2. Increase recruitment into the 
professional schools, reduce student 
attrition rate, and thus increase the 
number of new graduates. 
3. Reduce the turnover rate. 
4. Change the "not employed" 
status of over 25,000 registered nurses 
to "employed." 
5. Recruit back into the labor force 
at least a portion of the 120,000 
nurses who can but do not now con- 
tribute to the nursing force. 
6. Change the part-time status of 
registered nurses to full-time (one out 
of five now works part-time). 
7. Increase immigration and reduce 
emigration of nurses. 
An improvement in these seven 
factors could add so much nurse man- 
power that the problem in this country 
could be one of society's inability to 
use all the available skills. This could 
happen, but will not as long as in- 
sufficient effort is being made to rem- 
edy these factors and control the 
variables that influence them. The 
numbers recruited from graduates of 
schools of nursing are an example - 
and here we encounter a situation 
that can have disastrous implications 
for the future of nursing service. 
Recruitment into schools of nurs- 
ing has steadily declined. In 1940, 
about 25 percent (1 in 4) of female 
students in Canada at the junior ma- 
triculation level enrolled in schools 
of nursing. By 1950, this had declined 
to 20 percent (1 in 5); by 1960, to 
AUGUST 1967 



- 


- 



 


AUGUST 1967 


.. 


I 


. 


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) 


- 



 


10 percent (1 in 10); by 1965, to 
9 percent; and by 1966, to 8 percent. 
Each year the figure declines; unless 
drastic changes are made, we can look 
forward to about 5 to 6 percent (1 in 
20) of female high school graduates 
entering nursing. 
This trend is now evident in the 
number of graduates from 188 basic 
schools of nursing. In the 1940's, the 
1950's and early 1960's, the numbers 
of graduates steadily climbed each 
year - usually an increase of 400 
graduates over the previous year. For 
example, in 1961 there were 6,000 
graduates and in 1962 there were 
6,394. However, in 1964, 7,261 stu- 
dents graduated, and in 1965, 7,360 
- an increase of only 99. Similarly, 
in 1966, the total number of students 
graduating was 7,387 - an increase 
of only 27 over the previous year. 
Indications are that this trend will 
continue. If the numbers of nurses 
who graduated changed their work pat- 
tern and practiced for their normal 
working years, there would be a little 
less cause for concern. However, re- 
cent studies reveal that under present 
conditions, at least three nurses must 
graduate to obtain a net gain of one 
working in the profession. 
An increase in manpower could be 
realized through immigration, but the 
numbers gained through immigration 
into Canada are offset through emi- 
gration. In 1966, 2,076 nurses from 
52 countries became registered in Can- 
ada. The largest numbers came from 
Great Britain (847), the Philippines 
(550) and the U.S.A. (174). During 
that year, Canada lost approximately 
2,000 registered nurses; of these, 1,620 
emigrated to the United States. 


- 


"' 


Change salaries and working 
conditions 
The declining number of recruits to 
the profession points to a situation that 
can and must be isolated, examined, 
and rectified: the salaries and working 
conditions of the professional nurse. 
Both require improvement. The growth 
of the nursing profession in Canada 
has been plagued through its long his- 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 27 



tory by sub-standard salaries. In an 
era of limited professional opportuni- 
ties for women, this situation could 
be tolerated. That era is past. Most 
professions are now open to women 
and to obtain adequate numbers of 
qualified members, the nursing pro- 
fession must offer rewards comparable 
to other professions available to wo- 
men. 
The depressed state of salaries for 
beginning practitioners in nursing has 
been recognized for many years. As 
recently as last year, beginning nurse 
practitioners were paid $285 per month 
in some provinces and up to $405 
in others. Now nurses are taking the 
initiative. Collective bargaining pro- 
grams and other forms of negotiations 
are being carried on by nurses' asso- 
ciations in every province in Canada. 
rn the past, nurses were reluctant 
to avail themselves of the collective 
bargaining process. They turned to it 
when all other forms of appeal failed, 
when the rewards in other available 
professions far outstripped those avail- 
ahle in nursing. But they have turn- 
ed to it. More than 700 bargaining 
units are now active and the num- 
ber is increasing rapidly. The Can- 
adian Nurses' Association has set the 
salary goal in 1968 at $6,000 per 
year for beginning practitioners, and 
two provinces have set this as their 
goal for next year. 
rn 1966, the CNA collected data 
of salaries of full-time nurse faculty 
in hospital professional nursing edu- 
cation programs. The median salary 
for the nurse teacher in Canada was 
found to be $5,230 per annum. For a 
teacher with a baccalaureate degree 
it was $5.575, and for a master's or 
higher degree, $6,135. Little wonder 
that over 70 percent of our teachers 
do not possess the minimum educa- 
tional requirements for these positions. 
Directors of nursing education had 
little financial incentive for their addi- 
tional responsibility - in fact, about 
$10-$20 per month. 
We are told that if a profession is 
to be well staffed, then it must be 
well paid and well educated. The im- 
28 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


plication is clear. It has been acted on 
in Canada in other professions, but 
not in nursing. 


Number of nursing assistants 
increasing 
People who are concerned about 
providing nursing care often suggest 
nursing assistants (or practical nurses) 
as an answer to the nurse manpower 
problem. The phenomenal increase 
in numbers of nursing assistants has 
not and cannot solve the problem. 
Of all the categories of workers in 
the health occupations prepared 
through educational programs, none 
has increased more rapidly over the 
past 20 years than the nursing assis- 
tant. There are now over 30,000 reg- 
istered or licenced nursing assistants 
in Canada, and we know that thou- 
sands more are practicing without li- 
censes. The numbers graduating from 
schools for nursing assistants have in- 
creased dramatically in comparison 
with graduates from basic nursing pro- 
grams. If the present trend continues, 
new nursing assistant graduates could 
eventually outnumber new graduates 
from professional schools of nursing. 
On the surface, this may appear to be 
the answer to the nursing problem. H 
is not. Nursing assistants are being mis- 
used. They are being assigned to work 
and nursing responsibility beyond their 
education, preparation and competen- 
cy. This has had and is having an 
adverse effect on the quality of patient 
care. 
For this and for many other reasons, 
the Canadian Nurses' Association has 
called for two categories of nurses: 
graduates from university schools and 
graduates from diploma schools in a 
ratio of I :3. These would be the only 
workers prepared through formal edu- 
cational programs who would work 
within the occupation of nursing. 
Here, the university-trained graduate 
would be the senior member of the 
nursing team, functioning as a highly 
skilled practitioner and as a full col- 
league on the health team. Society 
no longer can afford to use nurses 
simply to carry out orders, or sub- 


stitute for non-nursing personnel when 
they are unavailable or when their 
department is closed. 
Plan and program needed 
The data on manpower in nursing 
collected by the Canadian Nurses' As- 
sociation have assisted the national 
association and its provincial members 
to formulate plans for providing the 
amount and quality of nursing services 
required for expanding health services. 
But we, as nurses, should not plan 
alone - no more than should any 
one of the health professions. 
As we now stand at the threshold of 
an unprecedented expansion in health 
services in this country, we cannot 
continue to talk about manpower prob- 
lems. We need a plan and a program 
that embraces all workers in the health 
professions - a plan worked out in 
coordination with all professional 
health associations. 
Let us be done with these edgy con- 
frontations that take place between 
our professional associations. Let us 
progress toward relaxed dialogue and 
conversation among colleagues. 
rn Canada, we can go forward and 
produce a creative plan of provid- 
ing more and improved health services 
through better utilization of all our 
health personnel and resources. But 
will we? Or will we, separately and in 
good faith, continue to try to solve all 
the manpower problems in our own 
field, all by ourselves, all in our own 
separate compartments? 
This is not a criticism of people; it 
is a criticism of an existing situation. 
But it is we ""ho shape the affairs 
of our time and we who will have to 
answer for deficiencies at the bar of 
history. The real task ahead - for 
coordinated planning of health ser- 
vices - needs cooperation; but mostly 
it needs courage. To postpone a large 
and difficult enterprise simply because 
it is large and difficult, means to 
abandon .III hope of advance. We are 
prepared to resist the easy .tnswcrs in 
our drive toward more enduring solu- 
tions of the many-faceted problems of 
manpower in the health profession. 0 
AUGUST 1967 



AUGUST 1%7 


New image for the 
hospital chaplain 


His interest in the patient extends beyond the traditional concern with 
"the state of the soul." Today, the hospital chaplain is a well-trained, active 
participant on the health team. 


Robert A. Wallace 


. 


I 
. 1 , - 
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- A... 
- 
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 29 



. 


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30 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


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AUGUST 1%7 



I 


He can be found in the emergency 
unit helping to cal
 a noi
y a!1 d 
abusive skid-row derelIct. He SitS with 
the father who has just been told that 
his firstborn is a mongoloid. He com- 
forts the mother who has learned that 
she has cancer. He knows the fears of 
the preoperative youngster. He is the 
hospital chaplain. 
Chaplain a specialist 
The chaplain is a familiar figure in 
every hospital, yet many doctors and 
nurses still harbor outmoded impres- 
sions of his role. This is because the 
position in the past often was filled by 
retired men or by ministers with phys- 
ical handicaps. 
Today, the hospital chaplain is a 
well-trained specialist. Like other min- 
isters, he completes a seven-year pro- 
gram of study in the university and 
seminary; then, in addition, he receives 
extensive training in the spiritual care 
of the sick. Most religious denomina- 
tions and hospitals now require him to 
spend at least six months in a clinical 
setting, under the supervision of med- 
ical, psychiatric, and chaplaincy ser- 
vices. In many instances he is expected 
to have a master's degree in counsel- 
mg. 
Until recently, Canadian chaplains 
were accredited by American institu- 
tions but in 1965, the Canadian 
Cou
cil for Supervised Pastoral Educa- 
tion (CCSPE) was formed in Toronto. 


Specialist in "the will" 
The hospital chaplain today, then, 
is a specialist. But in what? He is a 
specialist in the will or, in more theo- 
logical terms, a specialist in the spirit 
or soul. 
In recent years, our awareness of 
the importance of the role of the will 
in health and illness has increased. We 
know that the patient's attitude toward 
his life can affect his recovery. This 
nebulous area, which involves the will 
to live or to die, to achieve or to fail, 
to trust or to withdraw, is the chap- 
lain's main concern. It is, indeed, his 
area of specialization. 
Obviously, his interest in the patient 
will extend beyond the traditional con- 
cern with "the state of the soul." The 
religious denomination of a patient will 
concern him not so much in terms of 
doctrine but in terms of its effective- 
ness in providing force and direction. 
His responsibility is to bring to bear 
the inner resources of faith to free the 
patient for creative growth. 
Broader role 
Much of the literature written for 
the nurse stresses her role in assisting 
the chaplain to carry out the conven- 
tional devotional rites of the church. 
AUGUST 1967 


This excerpt from Henderson's Basic 
Principles of Nursing Care* is an eX- 
ample. 
This concept of making it possible for 
the patient to practice his religion involves 
a good many specific activities. . . . The fol- 
lowing are among the most obvious ones: 
helping the patient to go to a place of 
worship or getting a clergyman of his faith 
to come to him; providing conditions under 
which he may talk to the clergyman in 
privacy; and making it possible for him to 
receive the sacraments which are a part of 
his religious life. 
This statement is restrictive; it em- 
phasizes formal religious observances. 
Such assistance is essential and appre- 
ciated by the chaplain, but his own 
role is much broader than is suggested 
in most literature. 


What chaplain is 
. He is a member of the health team 
- a highly trained specialist in the 
dimension of the spirit and its rele- 
vance in healing. 
. He is a friendly visitor. He rejects 
the old image of the jolly caller who 
tots up as many brief visits as possible 
in a day. Still, he knows the devastat- 
ing effect of loneliness and acts as a 
coordinator and trainer of lay visitors. 
Such lay workers report to him and 
refer patients to him when indicated. 
. He is a family counselor - on a 
short term basis. He is available for 
immediate contact in an emergency 
when a family is facing anxiety or 
$!:rief. Though he eventually will refer 
such persons to a minister in the com- 
munity, he is on call to ease the first 
hours of their disaster. 
. He is a staff chaplain, that is, he 
ministers to the whole hospital staff in 
their work-setting, making no attempt 
to displace their loyalties to their home 
congregation. For laundry staff and 
hospital administrators alike he is one 
who cares about them as individuals, 
who shares their workday concerns, 
who is available for helpful dialogue 
at any time. 
. He is a priest to members of his 
own denomination and is available for 
the familiar devotional rites and ob- 
servances. 
. He is a leader of worship in the in- 
stitution. With most general hospitals 
confining their admissions to active 
treatment, there are fewer ambulatory 
patients and thus less emphasis on 
formal worship. However, chapels are 
used for services that are often of im- 
portance to psychiatric patients in par- 
ticular, and also to convalescent pa- 
tients and, on occasion, to staff. 


'Virginia Henderson. Basic Principles of 
Nursing Care. International Council of 
Nurses. 1960, p. 34. 


. He is a liason with the community, 
and is in contact with churches sur- 
rounding the hospital itself. He can in- 
terpret outpatient programs and enlist 
community support. 
. He is a trainer of ministers. When 
qualified, he can develop a program. of 
clinical training for pastoral educatIOn 
in the hospital. Local ministers will 
turn to him for personal consultation; 
seminaries will look to him for guid- 
ance in training clergymen. 
. He is a possible resource for the 
hospital's training programs and may 
be helpful to nursing education. He 
often leads staff seminars on topics 
such as grief and bereavement, the 
terminal patient, communication, ways 
of facing tragedy, and the problems of 
the unwed mother. 


What chaplain is not 
. He is not an excuse for hospital 
staff - nurses in particular - tc 
avoid personal involvement with the 
patient on the dimension of the spirit. 
. He is not a last resort. In Henry V, 
Dame Quickly, describing Falstaff's 
death, tells how she comforted him 
with the assurance, "I told him he had 
no need to think of God yet." The 
chaplain can help the family or the 
patient as death approaches and when 
it comes. He can be more helpful if he 
is called earlier. 
. He is not "too busy." Some persons 
believe that a comment on the "busy- 
ness" of professional persons is a form 
of compliment. The chaplain is busy 
- as is the nurse - but never too 
busy to listen. Bodies are healed by 
rest and quiet; spirits are healed by 
care and listening. 


Reverend Wallace is the Acting Staff 
Chaplain at the Foothills General Hospital 
in Calgary, Alberta. as well as minister of 
Parkdale United Church in the same city. 0 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 31 



Nurses are on the move. Perhaps 
this is not only natural, but healthy 
and more desirable than we are pre- 
pared to admit. If upward mobility 
is blocked, geographic mobility can be 
expected in the young nurse who is 
looking for challenge, excitement and 
stimulation in her career. A reason- 
able turnover of staff should be ac- 
cepted and recognized as an energizing 
force. This means that orientation and 
training of staff need to be accepted as 
important and not as a time-consuming 
inconvenience to be resented and done 
only if time permits. 
Rapid turnover of personnel also 
may involve rapid promotion to leader- 
ship positions. This places new de- 
mands on staff and creates a further 
need for inservice education. Most 
schools of nursing - whether they be 
hospital diploma schools or university 
degree schools - are producing well- 
prepared beside nurses. They are not 
producing team leaders and managers. 
At present, inservice education pro- 
vides most of the management training 
that is available to nurses. 
Rapid and profound scientific 
achievement affect nursing and also 
create a need for in service education. 
An effective in service nurse does not 
merely respond to events; she anti- 
cipates them and is ready for them. 
Activity of thought, utilization of 


Miss Callin is assistant director of nursing 
at The Montreal Children's Hospital. She 
is in charge of inservice education. 


32 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


In service education 


A nurse educator looks at some concepts that underlie her approach to inservice 
education - a results-oriented approach that aims to meet real and recognized 
staff needs. 


Mona E. Callin 


ideas, and solution of problems should 
be the aim. of in service education. 
Presentation of ideas is not enough. 
Inservice education is "results-orient- 
ed." 


Inservice education 
Many educators see their role as 
one in which they make available to 
people relevant and accurate ideas. 
information and skills, with respect to 
the problems that confront them. They 
may not recognize that the attitudes 
and values that help to determine the 
use people make of this information 
is also a valid concern of the educator. 
The inservice educator, however, must 
be concerned with the results of her 
teaching and advising. 
Inservice education succeeds only if 
it produces practical results, and only 
if it is in touch with the work situ- 
ation. The learning - the change of 
behavior that is planned - must be 
appropriate to the staff member's role. 
A nurse learns the approved and ac- 
cepted behavior for her role while on 
the job. Learning that conflicts with 
practice will be rejected. The nurse 
knows that if she acquires learning and 
develops behavior that is not based 
on social reality, she will not succeed 
professionally. Therefore, whatever an 
inservice educator suggests, particu- 
larly in staff development, must be in 
accord with hospital practice if it is 
to be accepted. 
Results-oriented teaching is more 
complex than merely providing infor- 


mation. It is one thing to have intel- 
lectual understanding and another to be 
emotionally committed to a new idea. 
Mere intellectual understanding will 
not prevent a person from reverting to 
his usual way of reacting when present- 
ed with an actual situation where the 
consequences are important. Change. 
to be maintained. must be support- 
ed and the learning reinforced. There- 
fore, in service education starts at the 
top, because every supervisor has staff- 
development functions for her subor- 
dinates. She follows up the program 
by recognizing and supporting change 
of behavior as it appears and by assist- 
ing staff members to implement their 
learning in clinical situations. 
This is the most difficult and most 
important phase of a staff-development 
program and one for which the inser- 
vice educator does not relinquish all 
responsibility. She must be prepared 
to help the supervisors with their prob- 
lems - problems her program has 
helped to create. 
It is hoped that inservice education 
will create changes in staff, in their 
function, and in their environment. 
This change will not happen over- 
night and progress will not emerge 
uniformly throughout the institution. 
The period of change may be one of 
great stress: interpersonal stress be- 
tween people as old standards of be- 
havior are replaced by new ones, in- 
trapersonal stress as concepts are in- 
ternalized and behavior modified. The 
inservice educator must anticipate 


AUGUST 1967 



these stresses, recognize their cause, 
and accept responsibility for helping 
staff to manage this period of diffi- 
culty and frustration. 
The adult learner 
The adult learner is not a child in 
school. A child is expected to acquire 
knowledge in the classroom. He is 
presented with facts, ideas, and con- 
cepts that usually do not immediately 
effect his behavior and interpersonal 
relations. But, an inservice program is 
geared to change and frequently the 
participants are expected to modify 
some aspect of their behavior. 
Staff who attend in service programs 
have been learning how to deal with 
other human beings since their infan- 
cy, and many of the basic strategies 
that determine the quality, character 
and limits of their relationships are 
imbedded in their personality struc- 
ture and function as part of their sys- 
tem of security as "selves." To ask 
adults even to consider alternatives to 
some of these attitudes and strategies 
therefore can be deeply threatening. 
Yet effective inservice education de- 
pends on helping staff members to en- 
tertain alternatives with respect to 
strongly defended patterns of behavior 
(and interpersonal relations), which 
can thwart effectiveness and growth. 
When change i'i being engineered, 
especially when the change involves 
behavior and attitudes, people need an 
atmosphere in which they can admit 
and accept their inadequacies. The 
group should be carefully chosen and 
should have a stable membership, so 
that satisfying and secure relationship 
patterns can develop. With this secur- 
ity, members can explore alternative 
ways of relating to authority figures, 
peers, and subordinates, and the learn- 
ing can be internalized. 
Three methods 
The in service educator has a choice 
of three principal methods of present- 
ing a staff development program. 
She may use the academic approach, 
which assumes that it is up to the 
teacher to present information, in per- 
son and through selected readings, 
movies, and other aides. Discussion is 
only to help clarify the meaning of 
the information. The authoritative 
statements can be reacted to with ac- 
ceptance, confusion, or rejection. In 
this academic approach the group is 
dependent on the leader; motivation 
for learning is greatly affected by the 
identification of the group with the 
leader and by her enthusiasm for her 
topic. The academic approach is the 
most familiar one, and it may well 
be that at the beginning of an inser- 
vice program, the academic approach 
AUGUST 1967 


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... 
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is the most attractive to the leader 
and the group. 
The practical approach combines 
learning by doing, plus generalization 
from the practice situation to a range 
of other situations. It is frequently 
used in workshop where there is guid- 
ed discussion and problem solving but 
no formal presentation. The relation- 
ship between the individual's objec- 
tives and his participation will deter- 
mine the extent of learning. This ap- 
proach is most successful when the 
group members are peers and have 
mutual problems to solve. 
The social approach pernúts a high 
degree of non-work interaction; the 
social needs of the group dominate the 
educational needs. This approach is 
useful in certain situations when the 
inservice educator believes that ac- 
tivities oriented to the group's need for 
belonging and for social solidarity are 
essential, for example, when an estab- 
lished group has had a major change 
of membership or when a new group 
is being fonned. 
When conducting a staff develop- 
ment program the inservice educator 
should appreciate the needs of the 
group and select the most appropriate 
form of presentation. Some people 
who will be comfortable with the aca- 
demic approach may feel threatened 
by the less-structured practical ap- 
proach. It should also be remembered 
that nurses tend to be activity oriented 
and they may feel guilty if the social 
approach is used. 


Orientation: New staff members are 
introduced to the principles of 
intravenous therapy for pediatric 
patients. 


Staff Development: Informality and 
active participation are features of staff 
development projects. 


Special Interest Groups: A group of 
public health nurses learn about family 
planning. 


An inservice program begins 
If an inservice educator believes in 
results-oriented activities, she recogni- 
zes that planning a successful program 
is considerably more complex than 
calling in a few guest speakers. She 
is acutely aware that careful strategy in 
introducing and operating such a pro- 
gram is every bit as important as con- 
tent. 
Active staff involvement in the early 
stages of planning, well before actual 
sessions begin, is essential. Even if 
the inservice educator is working under 
pressure to get the program started 
as soon as possible, she cannot slight 
this stage. Later, the program's suc- 
cess will depend largely on how well 
the staff think it meets their individual 
needs, and the chance of meeting the 
needs is greater if staff have a hand 
in initial planning. 
To accomplish this collective plan- 
ning the inservice educator needs the 
help of interested staff members. Con- 
tact with the staff need not be fonnal; 
it may be no more than coffee-break 
conversation. In any case, it should be 
as personal as possible. To this end 
the inservice nurse must be available 
to the staff and should visit the wards 
and clinical areas to keep in touch 
with people, their progress, and their 
problems. 
When an in service program is just 
getting started in a hospital, success is 
essential. Some sessions are bound to 
fizzle, but if this happens early in the 
project it is a major disaster. The in- 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 33 



service nurse will do well to concen- 
trate her initial efforts where they are 
apt to succeed. Later, she can convert 
the unbelievers. 
If inservice projects are to be suc- 
cessful, tangible evidence of top man- 
agement support is essential. This 
means that managemem interest must 
be maintained through regular written 
or verbal reports by the planner. These 
must emphasize the relationship be- 
tween in service education. problem- 
solving, and quality of patient care. 
Orientation programs 
Orientation means to discover where 
one stands in a particular situation and 
where one stands in relation to other 
people in the group. Very often orien- 
tation is thought of as a program de- 
signed for new staff. A different con- 
cept of orientation is worthy of con- 
sideration. 
Orientation also means a way of 
looking at things, a point of view, and 
when one changes roles, a change of 
orientation is often necessary. This is 
the most difficult change to make and 
something that the person planning the 
job familiarization program should 
remember. Staff transferred to a new 
unit or promoted to a new position 
are just as much in need of job fam- 
iliarization as are new employees. 
A planned program is necessary, but 
individual needs form the basis. A gen- 
eral duty nurse being promoted to 
evening supervisor will need more 
time to become oriented to her new 
position than would an assistant head 
nurse who is being transferred from 
one surgical ward to another. 
Orientation for staff transferred or 
promoted within the hospital can be 
developed on an individual basis. 
Orientation programs for new em- 
ployees, however, usually must be 
group programs and cannot be de- 
veloped to meet the needs peculiar to 
individual members. Certain needs are 
common to all new employees, how- 
ever. 
New staff members are frequently 
excited and anxious about their jobs. 
They need opportunities to reduce 
anxiety through talking, asking ques- 
tions, walking about, and visiting the 
water fountain. 
Because job familiarization is part 
of a results-oriented educational pro- 
gram, the inservice nurse will be more 
concerned with helping the new em- 
ployees to reach maximum productiv- 
ity as rapidly as possible than with 
presenting information according to 
plan. This means that she will be sen- 
sitive to the need of new staff mem- 
bers to raise questions and go off on 
tangents. She will also recognize that 
while certain core material can be pre- 
34 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


sented to a mixed group of graduates, 
nursing assistants, and aides, two-way 
communication and discussion will be 
easier in smaller peer group sessions. 
The new employee will want to see 
her ward, to observe some of the pa- 
tients, and to meet the staff with whom 
she is to work, as soon as possible. 
As one purpose of orientation is to 
capitalize on the value of first impres- 
sions, this introduction of the new staff 
member should be carefully planned, 
timed. and engineered. 
Evaluating the program 
When inservice education is results 
oriented, activities are planned to 
achieve improvement in the quality of 
patient care. It is against this yard- 
stick that all results and achievements 
are measured. 
If the in service educator is to ac- 
curately appraise her activities, she 
must posse
s a high degree of objeètivi- 
tv toward herself and her programs. 
If staff are to be able to tell her the 
negative feelings they have about a 
particular project that fizzled, they 
must know that it is safe to do so, 
that she has sufficient self 
cceptance 
not to view these adverse comments 
as a threat to her person. If she can- 
not project an image of adequate self- 
esteem the group may feel they can 
only tell her the things she would like 
to hear and many things she needs to 
know will be left unsaid. 
Each project must be carefully ap- 
praised. Did it reach the group to 
which it was directed? Did it meet 
their needs? Was it well received? Has 
the problem been solved? Has another 
problem come to light? This appraisal 
process requires that the inservice 
nurse spend as much time evaluating 
as she did preparing and presenting 
the program. 
Change is the cause, process, and 
result of in service education. When 
the inservice nurse develops a project, 
she has some change in mind and 
when she evaluates the project she 
must try to estimate how far she has 
moved toward this objective. Perhaps 
change has occurred but perhaps it 
is not the change that was planned. 
Recording attendance and studying 
the figures can be useful in evaluating 
programs. These statistics may indicate 
which wards were too busy to free 
staff to attend, which units felt the 
project of real interest to them, which 
wards have head nurses who believe in 
staff education, and which hours are 
most convenient for particular units. 
As the in service nurse interprets these 
figures to the staff, she may learn 
how her introduction of the project 
was received, how the timing suited 
individual areas, and how effective the 


advance publicity. This exchange of in- 
formation al1d ideas can be most help- 
ful in planning future programs. 
Written evaluations, completed by 
the participants after a program, pro- 
vide much useful information, and fol- 
low-up conferences to discuss long-term 
effects can be helpful. If a project was 
undertaken to solve a clinical problem, 
follow-up visits to the wards and in- 
terviews with the personnel involved 
are essential for valid evaluation. 
Some projects can be evaluated with 
relative ease and concrete evidence of 
success or failure can be obtained. A 
project to reduce medication errors 
can be appraised on the basis of the 
number of incident slips received by 
the supervisors. 
Some projects, those involved with 
the quality of patient care, are more 
difficult to evaluate. Quality is almost 
impossible to measure, and concrete 
evidence of improvement in quality 
is hard to acquire. Sometimes indirect 
estimations can have value. If the 
morale, enthusiasm, and awareness of 
the staff improves, if they initiate ac- 
tivities, then it is not unrealistic to 
assume that this enthusiasm may be 
reflected in improved patient care. 
A major task of inservice education 
is the development of dynamic rather 
than static patterns of hospital life - 
patterns that would encourage readi- 
ness for change and sensivity to the 
currents of thought and opinion mov- 
ing in front of the larger society in 
which the hospital exists. If new ideas 
can be introduced, tried out, and ac- 
cepted by the staff, it is reasonable to 
suppose that change has been accepted 
as a way of life and that various mem- 
bers of the staff have developed skills 
in overcoming resistance to change. 
Evaluation of the programs, pro- 
jects, and activities of the inservice 
division is not the end of the process, 
it is just one segment of a cycle. Of- 
ten in the appraisal of one project the 
inservice nurse discovers the basis for 
a further program. And so it goes on. 
Inservice education - like change - 
is a continuous process. 


Bibliography 
Benne, Kenneth D. The re-education of 
adults in their human relationships. 
Adult Education, Spring 1958. p. 154. 
Falk, Roger. The Business of Management. 
London. Penguin Books. 1961, p. 163. 
Jensen, Jerry J., How to get started on 
supervisory training. Personnel, Septem- 
ber-October. 1965. p. 32. 
Reynolds, Helen. Eight years as director of 
inservice education. Nursing Outlook, 
February 1963. p. 100. 
Thelen. Herbert A. Four propositions in 
search of an educational dynamic, Adult 
Education, Spring 1958, p. 148. 0 
AUGUST 1%7 



Inservice education for nursing 
staff is usually developed around four 
recognized areas of personnel needs: 
an introduction to the job (orientation), 
training in manual and behavioral 
skiIls (skiIl training), development of 
leadership and management abilities 
(staff development), and continued in- 
vestigation of the real potential of the 
job (continued education). These gen- 
eral areas are acknowledged and ac- 
cepted by most inservice educators and 
general programs are developed to 
meet these needs. 
Within these broad areas, staff also 
have specific learning needs that can- 
not be met through general programs. 
Therefore, specific projects must be 
pl
nned when specific learning needs 
anse. 
How does an in service educator be- 
come aware of specific learning needs? 
Most often, when needs are not sat- 
isfied, a sign or symptom indicates 
that a problem exists. By finding out 
what causes the problem, an inservice 
educator discovers specific learning 
needs. One of the best means available 
for this type of investigation is the 
problem-solving method. 
Signs and symptoms 
Recently, the director of the depart- 
ment of anesthesia caIled into the in- 
service education department to point 
out that children were not receiving 
effective inhalation therapy, and that 
equipment was not being properly 
utilized or cleaned on the wards. This 
AUGUST 1967 


A problem-solving 
approach 


Poor quality care or discord and discontent among ward personnel are often 
only signs and symptoms of less obvious problems. Inservice personnel must 
diagnose and treat the underlying causes if a healthy, happy ward is desired. 


Elaine Hykawy 
was a sign indicating that something 
was wrong. 
The in service division faced the task 
of trying to find out what the prob- 
lem really was and how it could be 
solved. The approach to this problem 
might be called "in service diagnosis 
and treatment." 
Causative factors were searched for 
in true medical fashion. A "history" 
was obtained from head nurses by ask- 
ing the foIlowing questions: 
. How are tents and inhalations or- 
dered by the doctors? 
. What equipment is used and how 
is it cared for? 
. What solutions and drugs are most 
used in nebulizers? 
. How does the nurse administer med- 
ications by inhalation? 
. How does a child react to a tent or 
inhalations? 
. How do parents react to the child's 
treatment? 
. What role does the nurse assume in 
parent teaching? 
. Are there any problems in areas not 
mentioned? 
The "physical examination" con- 
sisted of a series of observations on 
the operation of Croupettes* and hi
h 
humidity nebulizers on various wards. 
Nurses were observed as they adminis- 
tered medication by inhalation mask. 


Miss Hykawy is inservice nurse at The 
Montreal Children's Hospital. 


* Air Shield's oxygen canopy with nebulizer. 


One "laboratory test" was perform- 
ed. The object of the test was to de- 
termine how much medication was re- 
quired in a nebulizer to produce a ther- 
apeutic mist for a specified length of 
time. To determine this, the inservice 
nurse administered medication by in- 
halation to four different patients on 
different wards, measuring amounts 
and timing procedures accurately. 


Tentative diagnosis 
The above investigation revealed 
five causative factors. 
 
The fir5t was incomplete ordering 
by doctors. This occurred mest fre- 
quently when ordering medications to 
be administered by inhalation mask. 
Most often only the medication, its 
concentration, and frequency of ad- 
ministration were ordered. The amount 
of solution, and length of time of treat- 
ment were not specified. Nurses on 
most wards used two or three cc. of 
medication for a 20-minute treatment, 
unless otherwi<;e orùered. The "Iabor- 
atorv test" had indicated that I cc. 
of solution produced a therapeutic 
mist for five minutes. An order for a 
tent read: "Place child in Croupette." 
It did not say whether oxygen or com- 
pressed air should be used, whether 
ice should be added, or what type of 
solution should go into the humidify- 
ing unit. Also, many nurses believed 
children were being kept in tents for 
a longer period of time than was really 
necessary (children suffering from as- 
thma, in particular). 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 35 



Before the inservice program, children 
did not see the value of the treatment 
and would sometimes remove the mask 
to talk with a friend. 


The second and third causative fac- 
tors were incorrect administration of 
medication by inhalation, and inade- 
quate supervision of children during 
treatment. When babies were given 
medication by inhalation they were 
sometimes left lying down and treat- 
ment was often interrupted when the 
nurse went to answer the telephone, 
or to assist a doctor . Toddlers were 
given masks to hold and we.re often 
left alone for periods during the treat- 
ment. Since the odor of the medication 
was rather unpleasant, the toddlers 
would often tip the mask up at the 
bottom; this alIowed them to breathe 
in "better-smelling" air because a good 
part of the medication escaped into 
the room. When older children were 
not supervised they would often not 
sit up straight throughout the treat- 
ment, and they would sometimes re- 
move the mask to talk with a friend, 
thereby administering the aerosol to 
the bed covers. 
Inadequate assembly, maintenance, 
and cleaning of equipment was the 
fourth causative factor. New staff 
members usualIy had had little ex- 
perience working with compressors and 
high humidity nebulizers. Only a little 
instruction had been given during 
orientation week (the more common 
types of apparatus had been discus- 
sed). Nurses, themselves, expressed 
concern about having to set up equip- 
ment in the evening when no inhala- 
tion therapy staff were there to assist. 
Parents of children with cystic fibrosis 
36 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


, 



 


, 


,- 

. 
);-= '. 
! 

. - 


 
. ""'- 


\ 


=- 


often pointed out that equipment was 
not functioning properly. This embar- 
rassed the nurse. Staff knew daily 
cleaning was not done because they 
often found dirty masks in locker 
drawers. High humidity nebulizers 
were not always cleaned and boiled 
daily - they were often clogged with 
dirt particles. Humidity jars on Croup- 
ettes were refilIed every few hours, 
but were not washed. 
The final causative factor was inade- 
quate knowledge about the drug iso- 
proterenol hydrochloride. Children 
were not always observed closely when 
this drug was administered. Also, a 
somewhat hopeless attitude, on the 
part of nurses, toward children with 
cystic fibrosis was seen. Some nurses 
said, "What is the use of working so 
intensively with these children when 
they wilI eventualIy die?" 
From these factors it seemed that 
the underlying problems were: 
A misconception about the value of 
giving medication by inhalation and in- 
adequate knowledge of how to admi- 
nister it; and 
Inadequate knowledge of how to 
assemble, maintain and clean the 
equipment, especially the high humid- 
ity nebulizer and the inhalation mask. 


Consultant services 
The causative factors and the under- 
lying problems were discussed with 
several departmental heads. The di- 
rector of the department of metabolism 
was consulted about setting up Croup- 


o 


...,. 


. 


ettes for children with cystic fibrosis, 
and about administering medication by 
inhalation. She also was asked about 
the approach the department had 
toward cystic fibrosis, and how nurses 
could support this approach in their 
contact with parents and children. 
The director of the alIergy depart- 
ment was consulted about treating 
children with asthma. Again tents and 
inhalations were discussed. The direc- 
tor believed that, if a child with as- 
thma became upset because he did 
not want to have an inhalation treat- 
ment, it was better that the nurse 
not insist on giving the inhalation, but 
contact a doctor for further orders. 
The director also stated that orders 
for tents should be reviewed frequent- 
ly, because a child with asthma usualIy 
requires a tent for only a short period 
of time. The drug, isoproterenol hy- 
drochloride, was also discussed. The 
director said that when a child with 
asthma was admitted from the emer- 
gency department, the unit nurse 
should find out from the emergency 
department whether the child had re- 
ceived epinephrine; this should be 
done before beginning inhalations on 
the unit. 
AII findings were discussed with the 
directors of the departments of anes- 
thesia and respiratory function. Several 
important facts came to light in these 
talks. A study had proved that it 
was unnecessary to open the baffle.. 
in the Croupette when it was first set 
up (this was contrary to what nurses 
AUGUST 1967 



1 


had previously been taught). Tests in 
that study had shown that both the 
gas concentration and the humidity 
concentration (therapeutic particles, 
which are small) built up just as quick- 
ly when the baffle was left closed as 
when it was left open, and the bed 
clothes did not become as wet. This 
meant that the child would be more 
comfortable. 
The directors of the departments of 
metabolism and respiratory function 
agreed to meet to talk about the merits 
of tucking in tent canopies - there 
was some question about the value of 
not tucking in the canopies of tents 
being run with compressed air and 
glycol. 
The chief inhalation therapist was 
consulted about equipment. First. there 
was a problem with the flow meters 
regulating compressed air. The ball 
indicating liter flow was dropping from 
15 I/min. to 5 I/min. about five or 
ten minutes after a tent was set up. 
The cause was found - clogged filters 
in the flowmeter. The inhalation ther- 
apy department replaced these. Sec- 
ond, large tents were needed for teen- 
agers with cystic fibrosis. When these 
teenagers came to hospital, they had to 
bring their own tents from home be- 
cause only recently have children with 
cystic fibrosis survived to this age. 
The inhalation therapist reported that 
two such large tents were on order 
and would soon be delivered. 


Treatment plan 
The "treatment" prescribed was: 
· To improve the doctors' ordering 
technique (this responsibility was given 
over to the Chief Medical and Surgical 
Residents, although nurses were to be 


* * A baffle is a disc placed in the inlet 
through which humidified gas enters the 
Croupette. By alterning the position of the 
baffle, the size of particles entering the 
Croupette. By altering the position of the 
the baffle is in the vertical position (closed), 
particles larger than 4 microns are deflect- 
ed back into the nebulizing unit, while 
smaller particles are permitted to enter the 
Croupette. 


AUGUST 1967 


made aware of how a correct order 
should read); 
. To show nursing staff the treat- 
ment value of inhalation therapy; 
. To improve the techniques involv- 
ed in administering medication by in- 
halation mask; and 
. To recognize the importance of 
maintaining equipment in good work- 
ing order (cleaning, checking function, 
and so on). 


Inservice program 
Only after the diagnosis had been 
established and the necessary treat- 
ment defined was an educational pro- 
gram developed to meet the learning 
needs of the staff. This program was 
created to present information. to fa- 
cilitate learning, and to produce a 
change in behavior. 
The program was presented seven 
times at various hours throughout 
three days to reach as many staff 
members as possible. 
Since the overall aim of the pro- 
ject was to improve nursing care in 
a particular treatment area, head 
nurses attended the program first. In 
this introductory program. the direc- 
tor of the department of respiratory 
function stressed that head nurses are 
accountable for all nursing care given 
on their units, and that they are res- 
ponsible for teaching and supervising 
unit staff. 
The remaining sessions were open to 
all staff members. In these, it was 
pointed out that team leaders were 
responsible for supervision of the nurs- 
ing care given by team members. 
The program itself consisted of five 
parts. The first was a film. It reviewed 
some of the anatomy and physiology 
of the normal respiratory tract and 
demonstrated the appearance of a ther- 
apeutic mist. the effects of different 
medications on a diseased respiratory 
tract. and the methods used to ad- 
minister aerosols. A demonstration in 
setting up. using. maintaining, and 
cleaning the Croupette, the high hu- 
midity nebulizer. and the compressor 
followed. The inhalation therapist pre- 
sented this aspect of the program. 


Signs of faulty operation and better 
cleaning methods were stressed. 
The second demonstration showed 
the proper method of administering 
medication by inhalation mask. Doc- 
tors' written orders, preparation of 
child and equipment, actual adminis- 
tration. and aftercare of the child and 
the equipment were reviewed. Partic- 
ular stress was placed on the supervi- 
sion of the child and the position to be 
maintained during treatment, as well 
as cleaning of the equipment after 
treatment. 
The fourth item required group par- 
ticipation. Nurses went to see a mal- 
functioning Croupette and were asked 
to discover the errors in assembly and 
operation. Through active participa- 
tion. learning is not only facilitated. 
but also reinforced. 
The final part of the program was 
a period of general discussion. The 
positive approach to the problem of 
cystic fibrosis was emphasized. The 
nursing role of treatment coordinator 
also was discussed at some length; for 
example. when a medication was to be 
given by inhalation, the nurse received 
the treatment order from the doctor. 
obtained the solution from pharmacy, 
planned what times of day were best 
suited for treatment (considering 
meals, sleep patterns, visiting hours, 
physiotherapy treatment. and so on). 
and was responsible for seeing that 
prescribed treatment was carried out 
exactly. 
The inservice educator had prepared 
several display sheets. One of these 
showed sample doctors' orders for in- 
halation treatment: 
Croupette with compressed air and ice. 
and distilled water in humidity jar. 
High humidity nebulizer in Croupette 
with compressed air and propylene gly- 
col 10%. in saline 3%. 
A sample medication order, a 
nurses' order sheet (including a plan 
for daily cleaning of equipment), and 
a cystic fibrosis teaching schedule were 
also displayed. 
A postural drainage position chart 
was available to remind nurses that 
they could refer to one of these on 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 37 



, " , 
-- . 
" ... f 

-- -
 

 


- 


- 
- 


- - 


- 


any unit when treatment was ordered. 
Nurses were encouraged to observe 
physiotherapists doing the treatment. 
Take-away notes were available to 
all program participants. Included in 
the notes was information about iso- 
proterenol hydrochloride. care of chil- 
dren with cystic fibrosis, and care of 
children with asthma. These notes 
served to reinforce teaching, and could 
be used as future reference material. 


Followup care 
Following the program, new learn- 
ing needs were expressed by the staff. 
They wanted more information about 
the theoretical and practical aspects 
of postural drainage and intermittent 
positive pressure breathing (lPPB). 
This showed that more knowledge in 
one field often uncovers a lack of 
knowledge in an allied field. Thus, 
before in service even evaluated the 
effectiveness of one therapeutic plan, 
a symptom indicating another unsatis- 
fied learning need was demanding 
treatment. 
Evaluating the effectiveness of treat- 
ment of the original problem was a 
difficult task. First, one had to find 
out if improvement in nursing care had 
occurred and, jf it had, whether or 
not the educational program was res- 
ponsible. 
Spot checks were carried out by the 
in service educator on equipment oper- 
ation and technique of medication ad- 
ministration by inhalation. Results in- 
dicated that children were more c1ose- 
38 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Iy supervised during treatment, cor- 
rect technique was used in drug ad- 
ministration by inhalation, equipment 
was generally in good working order, 
masks in locker drawers were clean, 
and instructions for carrying out treat- 
ment and cleaning of equipment were 
written on the nurses' order sheet. 
Head nurses on wards that used 
inhalation therapy equipment exten- 
sively were asked individually whether 
they had noted any change in the ad- 
ministration of inhalation therapy and 
the care of the equipment. All stated 
that improvement was evident, es- 
pecially in the supervision of children 
during treatment, and the daily clean- 
ing of equipment. 
From the above observation and 
discussion, it seemed clear that an im- 
provement in nursing care had taken 
place. There was also the absence of 
any further complaints! Had the pro- 
gram caused the improvement? This 
was more difficult to ascertain. The 
only evidence available was the at- 
tendance record. The fact that a large 
number of nurses came to the pro- 
gram (the greater portion of these 
being new staff members) would indi- 
cate that the information given during 
the program was internalized and 
transferred to the work environment, 
thus actually causing the improvement 
in nursing care. 


Supervision is necessary during aerosol 
treatm.ent. Company - and a story- 
also make treatment time fun. 


Conclusion 
Our division of inservice education 
has found the problem-solving meth- 
od to be a most valuable way of 
discovering specific learning needs. 
Once determined, the specific learn- 
ing needs become guides to course 
content for in service programs. If the 
programs themselves are carefully 
planned and well presented, learning 
can take place - learning that will 
result in a change in behavior and, as 
is the aim of in service education, an 
improvement in the quality of pa- 
tient care. 0 


AUGUST 1967 



Unit-based 
inservice education 


Sometimes the problem requiring inservice teaching involves only one ward. Then 
the ward must undertake an active program on its own, aided by advice from 
inservice personnel. Three nurses describe programs on their units. 


OPD and emergency: Lucille Gauthier / Isolation: Mary Sheahan / Psychiatry: Margaret Sutherland 


OUTPATIENT AND EMERGENCY 
Staff of the outpatient and emer- 
gency departments have special needs 
that. are being met by a unit-based in- 
servIce program. 
This large department includes 43 
individual clinics through which the 
staff of registered nurses and nursing 
assistants rotate. There has been a 
fairly high turnover of staff in the 
unit. Between May 1 st and October 
1 st, 1966, there were 18 new registered 
nurses on a regular staff of 30. 
These new staff members have vary- 
ing needs. Some have worked only 
with adults, some have never had any 
experience in an outpatient or emer- 
gency department. 
There is also a language problem 
to be faced. Although this hospital is 
considered to be an English-speaking 
i
stitution, it is located in a bilingual 
cIty; many of the patients seen are 
French speaking. 
Orientation 
Orientation is carried out in small 
groups so that the individual needs 
of each nurse can be recognized and 
planned for. The length of the orien- 
tation program is 12 weeks. 
The first task of the program is 
to orient the nurse to her new physi- 
cal surroundings. One teaching aid 
that is used is the "treasure hunt." 
A list of all the equipment used within 
the department is made; it includes 
such things as a stomach pump, tra- 
cheotomy trays, cardiac arrest equip- 
AUGUST 1967 


ment. The new nurse will be responsi- 
ble for locating all the items listed. 
As she is not involved in giving pa- 
tient care during the first week, there 
is time for her to explore on her own 
and become familiar with her new 
surroundings at her own speed. 
The new nurse is also given a 
"check list." This is a record of all 
the pertinent procedures and policies 
used within the department. Each item 
is initiated after the procedure has 
been taught and also after the nurse 
has carried out the procedure success- 
fully. It is a useful device which serves 
as a record of what areas have been 
covered and what requires attention. 
Both the in service instruction and the 
charge nurse of each area utilize it 
[0 determine what needs to be taught 
or what would be a suitable assign- 
ment for the new staff member. 
A third tool is the "orientation hand- 
book." Specifically, this is a reference 
book of techniques. As well. as being 
useful during orientation, it is a help- 
ful reference for the permanent staff. 
Frequent revision keeps the handbook 
up-to-date. 


Miss Sheahan is head nurse of the isola- 
tion unit and Miss Gauthier is group in- 
structor for the outpatient department al 
The Montreal Children's Hospital. Miss 
Sutherland is supervisor of the girl's adoles- 
cent unit at the Douglds Hospital, Verdun; 
at the lime the :uticle was wrillen she was 
psychiatric inservice coordinator at The 
Montreal Children's Hospilal. 


Evaluation of the staff member's 
progress and skills continues through- 
out the total period of employment. 
At the completion of the 12-week 
orientation period, however, a written 
evaluation is presented to the new 
employee and plans are made for her 
future learning. 
Staff development 
The staff development program aims 
to increase quality of patient care by 
adding to knowledge previously gain- 
ed. This helps staff keep pace with 
changing patterns in nursing care and 
latest concepts in allied fields. 
A speaker talks to the staff each 
week. The topic is determined by the 
needs of the department or by current 
events. For example, a great quantity 
of soil was transported to form the 
islands needed for Expo 67; a wave 
of histoplasmosis resulted. A doctor 
was invited to discuss this disease pro- 
cess with the staff. 
As well as general topics that con- 
cern everybody, there are also special 
areas which concern only one group 
of personnel. One example is a film 
and discussion on fractures that was 
shown to the group of orderlies re- 
sponsible for the "plaster room." 
Problem-solving 
It is part of the role of the inservice 
instructor to detect and help find solu- 
tions for problems that occur in the 
functioning of the department. The 
instructor frequently makes observa- 


THE CAr-lADIAN NURSE 39 



Orientation is a large part of the 
inservice educational program in the 
outpatient department. 


tion rounds to the various clinics. 
These rounds are followed by a dis- 
cussion with the personnel involved. 
Observations are discussed and prob- 
lems dealt with at this time. These 
observations also are used in planning 
the educational program. 


Evaluation 
The program in the outpatient and 
emergency department has been in pro- 
gress for one year. The results to this 
time are encouraging. New personnel 
appear less confused; for example, 
there are fewer errors made in the 
management of patients and their rec- 
ords. New nursing personnel seem to 
be able to undertake their assignments 
with confidence and competence in 
less time. Also, new staff are less 
likely to confuse the procedure for 
one clinic with that of another. 
The orientation handbook is an 
available reference for all staff and 
has led to fewer errors. This is par- 
ticularly true on evenings and nights 
when the more senior nursing staff 
are available less. 
A definite loyalty to the depart- 
ment is shown in a willingness of staff 
to remain on duty until a peak period 
has been completed. Also, the staff 
relieve each other within the depart- 
ment when one member is off ill. 
Staff morale seems definitely better. 


ISOLA nON 
Isolation: even the word has an 
impact all its own. Parents think of 
40 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



 


......... 


) 


... 


..... 


:- 



 


dreaded infections and experience real 
fear; children see a closed door and 
feel lost, abandoned, punished; stu- 
dents listen to residence rumors and 
pale; new graduates hear of their as- 
signment and groan over the loss of 
the "open wards"; maids complain 
about extra work; doctors misuse the 
facilities and fuss about keeping a 
technique that only Santa Claus has the 
right to break. 
In an attempt to deal with these 
inherent problems, facilitate supervi- 
sion of the nursing care, stimulate in- 
terest and maintain motivation among 
the nurses, we introduced team nurs- 
ing and an ongoing educational pro- 
gram. 


Team nursing 
Although most of the staff had had 
some experience with team nursing it 
was evident that concepts varied. To 
clarify which concept would be used 
the supervisor distributed selected 
reading material. Discussions followed, 
and eventually, after two months of 
planning, team nursing was imple- 
mented on the unit. 
One year later we evaluated the ef- 
fectiveness of the program by means 
of a questionnaire designed to mea- 
sure staff morale and the quality of 
patient care. We were delighted with 
the overwhelmingly positive response, 
and with the caliber of the comments. 
Two typical suggestions were: 
"I think we could redefine the team 
conference and what it should be: a 


, 
,
 
( 
-- " 
-0 
\. 

 
, 
'- \ 



-
 



 


report, or teaching, or both. As things 
stand now I am not satisfied with my 
own. as it tends to be more of a re- 
port with a little teaching." 
"Now that team nursing has been 
working for a sufficient length of time 
we should have an evaluation. We 
should redefine the role of team leader, 
add to her responsibilities. and discuss 
the team approach to isolation." 
These comments led us to invite a 
member of the division of inservice 
education to spend some time on the 
ward to observe and assist in initiating 
the desired changes. 
Unit-based education 
Topics suggested for a unit-based 
educational program included: 
-Diseases and the common treat- 
ments and specific nursing care. for 
example, meningitis, diarrhea and vom- 
iting, communicable diseases. 
-Review of isolation technique and 
procedures, such as isolette care. 
-Review of normal growth and de- 
velopment. 
 
-Effects of isolation on child. fam- 
ily, and nurse. 
Lectures were started and the gen- 
eral attitude and feeling appeared to 
be favorable. They stimulated an in- 
terest in learning and the quality of 
care was up-graded because of a bet- 
ter understanding of the child and his 
disease. 
Once again staff were requested to 
evaluate the program by completing a 
questionnaire. We were pleased to 
AUGUST 1967 



, 


. 


, 


learn that the topics were of general 
interest to everyone, but it was rather 
surprising to discover that although 
many of the - doctors' lectures had not 
been geared to the particular needs 
or understanding of nurses, they had 
been the most popular. Overall atten- 
dance had been good with approxi- 
mately half the staff able to attend 
50 percent of the lectures. 
It was quite impossible to continue 
the program during the summer 
months, or in the fall when everyone 
was fully occupied with orientation of 
new personnel. This does not mean 
that the learning needs of the staff 
were not met to some degree during 
these periods - other educational ac- 
tivities were available. The regular 
presentations by the department of 
inservice education were attended 
whenever staffing permitted. Psychiatry 
conferences were held on a regular 
basis with the resident in that spe- 
ciality to discuss the effects of isolation 
on the child, his nurse, and his family. 
The lectures on meningitis and dehy- 
dration were repeated. 
Canclusion 
We believed that by giving a nurse 
the added responsibility of team lead- 
ership as well as providing her with 
an opportunity for growth in her own 
knowledge and skills, we could moti- 
vate her 
toward improved patient care 
and increase her job satisfaction. 
Job satisfaction in nursing is difficult 
to assess accurately, but we found 
AUGUST 1967 


, 
.
 


"--- . 



 


\ 
\ 


. 


-- 


... 


-- 


----... 


that one way in which we could mea- 
sure this with some degree of accuracy 
was to examine the statistics on staff 
turnover and look at the reasons why 
nurses left the ward. 
A total of 34 graduates and nursing 
assistants were employed over the 12- 
month period when the team nursing 
and educational programs were in ef- 
fect. There are 14 nurses, or almost 
half, still remaining on staff. Of the 
20 who left: 
. Five resigned to travel; 
. Four resigned either to be married 
or because of marital reasons; 
. Three resigned to go to university; 
. Four were tranferred to other 
wards on request; 
. Three were released from their 
positions; 
. One was promoted. 
It is interesting to note that travel 
and marriage appear to be the main 
reasons why nurses left the ward, and 
encouraging to learn that a relatively 
high proportion of the staff resigned 
to further their education at the uni- 
versity level. 
We have never held the opinion that 
a request for transfer to another ward 
was either an insult to the head nurse 
or an indication of inability in the 
nurse herself. If a nurse is not happy 
on a ward, then she cannot possibly 
give her best nursing care. 
On the other hand, if the quality of 
care being given by a nurse does not 
meet the required standards, then she 
should, in all fairness to herself and 


Informal teaching by a resident in 
pediatric care is part of a unit-based 
inservice educational program. 


in the best interests of the patients, 
be released from her obligations. 
Upward mobility in the profession 
is indeed limited as evidenced by the 
fact that only one out of 34 nurses 
was promoted. This fact, alone, sub- 
stantiates our premise that much more 
must be done to help the general duty 
nurse maintain a highly motivated, 
keen, and enthusiastic approach toward 
bedside nursing. 


PSYCHIATRY 
The primary therapeutic tool of each 
staff member in a children's psychia- 
tric unit is his own unique personality. 
In addition, however, special skills and 
understanding are necessary to work 
effectively. 
The goal of the inservice program 
in this area is to help nurses and child 
care workers acquire the necessary 
skills and understandings and, at the 
same time, to promote individual per- 
sonal growth. 


Orientation 
An orientation program was de- 
veloped as a first step. Its purpose is 
to meet immediate needs of new staff 
members and to set the stage for 
future learning. Almost without ex- 
ception, the new staff member has 
had no previous experience with emo- 
tionally disturbed children. Our orien- 
tation, therefore, has a special signifi- 
cance. Not only is it necessary to fam- 
iliarize the new person with the phys- 
ical layout of the unit and the par- 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 41 



ticular policies in effect, but also to in- 
troduce both normal and pathological 
aspects of child development. 
To determine the content of the 
program, "old" staff were invited to 
share the questions and feelings they 
had experienced during their first days 
on the unit. The questions varied with 
each individual, but the feelings had 
been remarkably similar. They had felt 
afraid, ignored, and angry. Such feel- 
ings inhibit an individual's ability to 
be therapeutic and also reduce his mo- 
tivation to learn. 
From the above data, a program 
evolved. Feelings were not forgotten. 
One senior staff member meets the 
new person and keeps in close contact 
with him throughout his first days on 
the unit. Opportunities are provided 
for new staff to observe senior people 
working with the children. For ex- 
ample, the new member may eat 
breakfast with a patient and the nurse 
or child care worker. After this exper- 
ience, he will be encouraged to talk 
about what he saw and heard and how 
it made him feel. Discussions are based 
on the functions of the nurse/child 
care worker, the philosophy of care, 
and methods of dealing with the child's 
provocative behavior. 
The unit is based within a general 
pediatric hospital. To give the new 
staff member an overview of the whole 
institution and his place within it, 
the unit orientation interlocks with the 
hospital's orientation program. 


Ongoing education 
Once an orientation program had 
been planned and implemented, we 
wondered where to go from there. 
What were the specific learning needs 
of the established staff and how could 
they be met? 
There are many learning opportun- 
ities incorporated into the routine of 
the unit. For example, each staff mem- 
ber receives weekly or bimonthly in- 
dividual supervision by a senior nurse 
during the total period of employment. 
These periods are vital for the well- 
being of the staff member. He is en- 
couraged to discuss his frustrations 
and successes in dealing with the child- 
ren and their problems on the ward. 
42 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Because the children are able to 
give very little positive response to 
the persons caring for them, and be- 
cause their progress is often agoniz- 
ingly slow, the supervisor must be 
able to give a great deal of support 
to her staff. The use of interaction 
records, in which staff write up an in- 
teraction with a selected patient in- 
cluding exactly what nurse and patient 
said and did, helps both the staff mem- 
ber and the supervisor to face real 
problems and avoid the danger of 
being too superficial. 
Other valuable learning opportuni- 
ties are found in team conferences 
and staff discussions with the psychi- 
atrists on the unit. 
As stated earlier, most new staff 
have had no previous psychiatric ex- 
perience. Child care workers have 
probably never worked within a hos- 
pital before. The scope of learning 
needs is great and the teaching in- 
cludes normal growth and develop- 
ment, how to observe objectively, and 
how to participate as a member of a 
therapeutic milieu. 
Certain problems arise when one 
attempts to meet the learning needs 
of the staff. First, there is a wide 
variation in the preparation of staff 
members. This factor results in dif- 
ficulty in choosing an appropriate 
level of teaching. 
A second problem is that staff give 
service over a 24-hour period. Staff 
rotation thus makes continuity of 
teaching difficult. Also, because dis- 
turbed children require constant super- 
vision, there are only a few staff mem- 
bers available at anyone time for 
teaching. 
Didactic lectures, where communi- 
cation is only one way (instructor to 
group), do not make an especialIy 
effective learning experience on this 
unit. It seems necessary to link theory 
with practical suggestions for care and 
an opportunity for discussion. For ex- 
ample, it is not enough to talk only 
about the psychodynamics of aggres- 
sive children; one must also apply the 
theory to practical ideas for nursing 
care and allow staff an opportunity to 
talk about these ideas. 
Several methods have been found to 


be helpful in dealing with these prob- 
lems in developing our inservice pro- 
gram. The first is a staff reading pro- 
ject. Once a week a group of staff 
meet together and one member wiII 
present a summary of an article or 
book of his choice. A discussion 
period folIows and a recorder makes 
notes. Later, these notes are made 
available to everyone. 
Another method is the all-day work- 
shop. This is a meeting of the staff 
group away from the work area. One 
topic is selected for discussion. In 
planning the first workshop, we learn- 
ed a valuable lesson. After two staff 
psychiatrists had been asked to make 
major contributions to the program, 
one asked, "Why is it that nurses don't 
feel they know enough and alwavs 
look for help from another discipline?" 
It was a good question and it was 
found that the content for the work- 
shop could be handled very adequately 
by nurses. 
If a workshop is repeated three 
times it is possible for every staff 
member to attend. Because the work- 
shop takes place away from the unit. 
staff seem more relaxed and better 
able to reflect and learn. 
Films, folIowed by discussion ses- 
sions. are given weekly. Also, tours 
to pertinent community resources are 
arranged whenever possible. 


Evaluation 
Feedback on the impact of the en- 
tire program or its parts is not easily 
obtained. It is difficult to evaluate 
feelings or quality of patient care 
scientifically. After a workshop on 
communication, however, the head 
nurse reported that there was a marked 
improvement in the charting of obser- 
vations. 
An inservice program is never con- 
stant. To keep up with the problems 
and needs of the unit, we believe it 
is necessary to have daily contact with 
the ward staff. For example, an inser- 
vice person attends reports and some 
conferences. Inservice personnel must 
be responsive to changing needs of the 
staff and active in determining meth- 
ods to meet those needs. 0 
AUGUST 1967 



Generally speaking, adolescents are 
satisfied to he on pediatric wards and 
and have no desire for change within 
the existing hospital organization. 
Youthful patients do not want to be 
with adults, and the feeling is mutual. 
Adolescents agree unanimously, how- 
ever, that they would prefer some type 
of arrangement that would permit 
them to be separated from both pe- 
diatric and adult services. They would 
be happier under such circumstances 
and able to draw support from each 
other. 
Head nurses are inclined to look 
upon adolescents as a potential source 
of trouble. They find that young peo- 
ple become as readily bored with 
adult company as with that of young_ 
er children. 


Adolescent needs 
The adolescent's desire for privacy 
is especially strong. If he is hospitaliz- 
ed on an adult ward, he usually finds 
this need respected. This is not the 
case on the pediatric ward, where 
there are many intrusions upon pri- 
vacy: glass partitions between cubicles; 
blunt questions; and inspection of bed- 
side tables as part of the daily house- 
keeping routine. 
The extent to which the adolescent's 
opinions and ambitions are granted 
consideration is also important. On the 
pediatric service, the nurse may be 
more inclined to give orders than to 
make suggestions. This problem is 
practically non-existent on the adult 
AUGUST 1967 


Adolescents 
hospital 


. 
In 


"Teeny-boppers" need a swinging world complete with coke machines and record 
players to ease the drag of hospitalization. 


Henriette Lussier-Gauthier 


ward. however. since the adolescent 
is treated as an adult. 
A well-known characteristic of the 
12 to 15-year-old is his tendency to 
fluctuate between dependent and in- 
dependent behavior. Pediatric care ful- 
fills his need for security but, during 
his periods of independence, denies 
him sufficient freedom, even that of 
being responsible for his own actions. 
Adult services not only accept, but ex- 
ploit independent behavior. The ado- 
lescent is trusted to carry out certain 
responsibilities, indeed is depended 
upon to do so. However, if he relapses 
into dependency, he is usually reject- 
ed for his childishness. 
To the onlooker, the adolescent of- 
ten appears lazy and disinterested. 
Hospital staff may not recognize this 
behavior as the adolescent's reaction 
to the rapid physiological changes oc- 
curing in his body. In many instances, 
the hospital environment provides lit- 
tie to counteract this passivity and 
thus, indirectly, becomes an accom- 
plice to it. 
An extremist by nature, the adoles- 
cent demands that justice, as he under- 
stands it, be carried out. He rebels 
against complying with the same rules 


Mme Gauthier-Lussier, a graduate of L'in- 
stitut Marguerite d'Youville, Montreal. is 
Director of Nursing Education at the Hô- 
pital du Sacré-Coeur School of Nursing. 
Hull, Quebec. This article is based on a 
research project carried out at Institut Mar- 
guerite d'Y ouville in 1966. 


that apply to "babies" on the pedia- 
tric service, but appreciates the distrib- 
utive justice that underlies the rules 
and regulations on the adult wards. 
Finally, the adolescent is character- 
istically gregarious. Neither the pe- 
diatric service nor any other in our 
present set-up satisfies his need for 
companionship. Since 12 to 15-year- 
olds are not particularly prone to ill- 
nesses requiring hospitalization, we 
tend to scatter them through the var- 
ious hospital services, thus giving 
them little opportunity for group con- 
tact. 


Objectives of an adolescent service 
Obviously, the present pattern of 
hospital organization has certain draw- 
backs in the facilities offered to ado_ 
lescent patients. A form of organiza- 
tion is needed to relieve the present 
situation and provide for future medi- 
cal, social, and administrative de- 
mands. 
The solution best suited to nursing 
staff and adolescents alike would be 
to establish a well-equipped adoles- 
cent ward and to staff it with com- 
petent, energetic personnel. The psy- 
chological trauma of hospitalization 
with those of another age group would 
be avoided; the enforced stay in hos- 
pital would be less burdensome, since 
the youngster would be able to adjust 
more easily; and treatment would be 
more efficient and recovery corres- 
pondingly rapid. 
An adolescent service should be 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 43 



designed to meet the physical and psy- 
chosocial needs of the adolescent. 
Moreover, it should be a center for 
specialized pediatric care, where per- 
sonnel are concerned with health edu- 
cation. preventive medicine, and the 
psychological development of the ado- 
lescent. 
In this setting the focus of all atten- 
tion and professional care is on the 
adolescent who happens to be ill and 
not the illness that happens to affect 
the adolescent. 


Personnel 
The chief of the pediatric service 
should be jointly responsible with the 
attending staff of doctors and pedia- 
tricians on the adolescent service for 
medical therapy. The service should 
be administered by a medical commit- 
tee that has both the responsibility 
and authority for ensuring good stan- 
dards of care. This committee, in co- 
operation with the nursing staff, would 
define and implement policies related 
(0 patient care. 
The head nurse of the adolescent 
unit would report to the supervisor of 
the pediatric unit and to the adminis- 
trative board of the hospital. She 
would assume responsibility for the 
quality of care given. personnel, in- 
service education, the carrying out of 
doctors' orders. general maintenance 
of equipment and the ward as a whole, 
and implementation of administrative 
directives. Her academic preparation 
would include a degree in nursing 
science and special study in adolescent 
psychology. 
The staff should be made up of 
energetic. poised, young people who 
possess considerable knowledge of 
adolescent psychology. Nursing stu- 
dents and nursing assistants should 
be included in this 
group and available 
for all tours of duty. 
Specialists, such as play therapists, 
psychologists. and teachers should be 
employed on a part-time basis to im- 
plement a pre-arranged program. 
Staffing affects the adolescent pa- 
tient's security; personnel of all cate- 
gories should be assigned to this ser- 
vice on a long-term basis. 
Supervision and instruction of ward 
staff is essential to the well-being and 
development of the adolescent patient. 
Nursing students are taught mainly by 
their clinical instructor and act under 
the guidance of their ward advisor. 
Brief, regular meetings for the whole 
staff are necessary to ensure accuracy 
and uniformity of knowledge. 
Or
anization of the unit 
The adolescent unit should be sep- 
drated from other pediatric services. 
Jdcally. the following facilities should 
44 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


be provided: a visitors' waiting room; 
a treatment room; a dressing room; 
a dining room and an adjoining kit- 
chenette; a "living" area. featuring a 
games room. solarium, canteen. record 
player and records; a head nurse's 
office; an office reserved for special- 
ists; a utility and linen room; a nur- 
ses' station; and private and two- or 
three-bed patient rooms. 
Since it is recognized that adoles- 
cents are less inclined to contract con- 
ditions that require hospitalization. the 
number of admissions would be lower 
than on the other services and the 
bed capacity of the unit would be 
governed accordingly. 
Youngsters of both sexes, aged 12 
to 18 years, would be eligible for ad- 
mission. Those at either extreme of 
the age limits would be accepted on 
the basis of psychological rather than 
chronological age. 
Special privileges 
At the time of admission, each 
youngster would be given a folder 
containing ward rules and regulations. 
the daily schedule, the objectives of 
care, and the facilities available on 
the ward. 
Rules and regulations for the ado- 
lescent should be firm yet flexible. 
For example, his bedside visitors 
would be limited to two persons, but 
he could entertain several of his 
friends in the lounge during the even_ 
ing hours. 
Ambulatory patients would wear 
their own clothing. With the approv- 
al of the physician, they would be 
permitted, indeed encouraged, to go 
out on the hospital grounds at cer- 
tain hours. 
These same patients could have 
their meals together in a room set 
aside for this purpose. This would 
encourage sociability and help to off- 
set loneliness that they might be ex- 
periencing. Menus would be chosen 
in accordance with the program of 
medical care. However, the menu for 
any specific diet should include several 
choices to allow for individual tastes. 
The adolescent would be free to go 


to the soda bar whenever he wished. 
He would be required to produce an 
identity tag but could then choose 
whatever he wanted within the limits 
of his diet. Milk shakes, sundaes, fresh 
fruit juices, sherbet, and egg-noggs are 
favorite snacks that satisfy both the 
dietary needs and the sweet tooth of 
the adolescent. 


Supervised activities 
The daily schedule should indicate 
the following: school hours; chores; 
educational games and free time; 
health teaching; sex education; recrea- 
tional evenings - film club, dancing, 
etc. In addition, meal hours, snack 
times, rest periods, and bed time 
would be noted. 
Activities designed to occupy the 
adolescent's leisure time must be plan- 
ned to a certain degree. These may 
include school work, handicrafts, and 
a health teaching program. 
A part-time teacher could supervise 
studies adjusted to the various academ- 
ic levels of patients, on a daily or 
three times weekly basis. Instruction 
would be given to small groups or to 
individuals as required. 
A program of sex education is an- 
other possibility. This might be con- 
ducted as a series of informal chats or 
as individual conferences. Ideally, a 
psychologist should be on the unit 
staff so that adolescents could con- 
sult him as desired. An alternative to 
this would be to have a psychologist 
on call as the need arose. 
Handicrafts such as ceramic work, 
needlework, sculpture, and engraving 
should be under the direction of ex- 
perts trained in these arts. Adequate 
facilities should exist to permit partici- 
pation by as many patients as possi- 
ble. Some adolescents may have no 
interest whatever in these activities. A 
room where various games could be 
played, either of an entertaining or 
constructive nature, should be at their 
disposaJ. 


Bibliography available on request to The 
Canadian Nurse, 50 The Driveway, Otta- 
wa 4, Ontario. 0 


AUGUST 1967 



AUGUST 1967 


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THE CANADIAN NURSE 45 



Manipulation 
nurse-patient 
relationship 


. 
In a 


Psychiatric patients - particularly those exhibiting sociopathic and hysterical 
behavior - may attempt to manipulate staff. If manipulative techniques are not 
recognized, patient progress will be delayed. 


Lee Okkenhaug Manipulation in a nurse-patient re- 
lationship occurs when the nurse's 
behavior is influenced by the patient's 
maneuvers to get her to meet his im- 
mediate need. Although the express- 
ed need is met, the patient's real need 
- the need to learn new patterns of 
behavior - is ignored. This implies 
that in successful manipulation, there 
is no learning experience but, rather, 
a mutually adaptive relationship. 
To avoid being manipulated, the 
nurse must be aware of her reactions 
to the patient's behavior, and be 
prepared to examine her feelings in 
terms of this behavior and the patient's 
needs. Her understanding of growth 
and development and of the patient's 
present pattern of interpersonal behav- 
ior are her most valuable tools in 
evaluating his needs and progress. 
The relationship must provide the 
patient with consistent and firm ex- 
pectations. When the nurse defines 
these expectations, she is setting 
limits for behavior. The patient will 
repeatedly explore and test the extcnt 
and consistency of these limits, and 
will attempt to re-establish previous 
patterns of interpersonal relationships 
to obtain needed gratification. His ex- 
ploration of more appropriate forms 
of behavior should in itself be a mean- 
ingful learning experience for him. 
Sociopathic personality 
Sociopathic patients have a certain 
charming exterior, which at first 
brings forth a positive response from 


46 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


staff. At the same time, persons with 
sociopathic personalities have a re- 
markable facility for noting lack of 
confidence, inexperience, and ambiva- 
lence in the attitudes of staff. Fre- 
quently, they try to take advantage 
of this by subtle persuasion or de- 
mands on the unsuspecting individual. 
When the manipulative behavior final- 
ly becomes apparent, it arouses a tre- 
mendous amount of anger in those car- 
ing for the patient. This anger further 
serves to foster guilt feelings, because, 
after all, the person is a patient, and is 
not entirely aware of his fantasies or 
fabrications. 
It is evident that the anti-social pa- 
tient often is treated with much am- 
bivalence. A more positive, more ef- 
fective relationship could result if the 
nurse examined her own feelings about 
this patient, and evaluated 
her re- 
sponse to him in terms of treatment 
goals, however limited they might be. 
Essential to any effective relation- 
ship with this patient is a firm but 
warm attitude, a professional, but not 
social relationship. Limits set by the 
nurse must be definite, clear, and con- 
sistent, and enforced in such a manner 
that the interests of the patient are 
foremost. 
Often, the patient with a socio- 
pathic personality wiIl test the limits 
set by staff. The only solution to this 
is a consistent, identical approach by 
everyone dealing with him. A common 
maneuver is for him to play one staff 
member against another; if he finds 
AUGUST 1967 



any inconsistency, he is able to make 
everyone seem incompetent, even 
stupid. Also, he may threaten to use 
violence to frighten the nurse, thus 
making her feel she cannot effectively 
deal with him. Again, she is made to 
appear incompetent whether she panics 
and leaves the room, or tries to pacify 
him by giving in to his demands. 
Here is what happened in one sit- 
uation when a nurse dealt effectively 
with such a threat by setting limits on 
the patient's behavior. 
Patient: You had better watch out for 
me nurse. 
Nurse: Oh? 
Patient: I feel like hitting someone. 
Nurse: You and I can talk about it 
when you feel this way. 
Thus, this nurse set a limit on the 
form of aggression to be used in the 
relationship, and did not reassure him, 
avoid him, or take an authoritarian 
approach, which would have resulted 
in the patient using the same pattern 
over and over again. Her purpose of 
setting this limit was not to control 
the patient, but to provide a consis- 
tent set of expectations and to provide 
guidance toward self-control. When the 
nurse is aware that she is providing 
consistent expectations for the patient, 
she is likely to feel much more secure 
and self-confident in her dealings with 
him. 


Hvsterical behavior 
Manipulative behavior as seen in pa- 
tients of hysterical nature is not as 
diverse in purpose as that of the socio- 
pathic individual. For the former, the 
basic need or issue is his desire for 
love and acceptance by his parent or 
parent substitute. However, the meth- 
ods utilized by these patients are of a 
seductive, masochistic, exhibitionistic, 
always immature, nature. Each patient 
finds the most successful method to get 
attention. 
Persons showing hysterical behavior 
are generally narcissistic, dependent, 
and given to much histrionic behavior. 
All these devices have a highly com- 
municative intent. Often the method of 
communication becomes more impor- 
tant to the individual than the actual 
meaning of the words he uses. The 
hysteric person does not linger on 


AUGUST 1967 


logic or thought formulation, but 
rather on the overall dramatic effect 
of what he is saying. Again, it is ne- 
cessary for the nurse to examine her 
own feelings before attempting to help 
this patient. 
It is often clear what the patient is 
demanding by his dramatic behavior, 
whether it be sympathy, forgiveness, 
dependence or reproach. In many 
instances, it is difficult for staff not to 
feel guilty when they ignore his im- 
mediate demands. This patient usually 
is adept at flattery and can make the 
nurse feel that she is a good nurse if 
she carries out his demands and, con- 
versely, a bad nurse if she does not. 
The nurse may be tempted to allow 
herself to be put in a mutually adap- 
tive relationship to avoid dealing with 
the patient, to avoid guilty feelings 
herself, and to avoid getting angry. If 
she gives in to this temptation, she 
reinforces the patient's expectation that 
this particular method of obtaining 
gratification is effective. He will con- 
tinue to use it, and any other approach 
used by another member of the staff 
will be ineffective. 
Patients showing hysterical behavior 
often generate a great deal of anger 
and hostility from staff as their man- 
ipulations are obvious but difficult to 
handle. If the patient is treated with 
hostility and rejection, he will resort 
to another, possibly more serious, 
manipulative attempts to obtain grat';- 
fication, such as an attempt at suicide. 
A c(lmmon manipulative maneuver 
is for the patient to try to establish 
and maintain a dependent relationship 
with the nurse. In one instance, a 
patient complained that no number of 
staff cared for her. As she said this, 
she cried and looked very much like 
a helpless child. The nurse became 
aware of her own feelings to comfort 
and mother the patient, but she also 
was aware of the patient's desire for 
dependency. She decided how she 
should respond to help the patient be- 
come more independent. She waited 
until the patient became less anxious, 
and helped her to see that their rela- 
tionship would be a mutual effort in 
which the patient could learn by 
achieving self-control. Thus, the nurse 
set a limit on excessive dependency. 


The patient will test behaviors in 
the process of learning new ways of 
relating. If there is a lack of testing, 
the nurse must decide whether she has 
been manipulated into a dominance- 
submission relationship. In this type 
of relationship the patient may do 
everything to please the nurse. He then 
may become the so-called "good" pa- 
tient. This means that learning and 
growth are not occurring. The patient 
is not gaining self-awareness and inde- 
pendence, but is cooperating on a sub- 
missive, rather than on an autonomous, 
level. In such a case the nurse must 
have the patient examine his own be- 
havior. 
Nurse: Did you say that because you 
thought I wanted you to? 
Patient: I don't know, perhaps I did. 
At this point, the nurse asks the pa- 
tient to reveal more of his thoughts 
and feelings, thus setting the expec- 
tation that the patient should talk 
about his feelings to know more about 
himself, not merely to please the nurse. 
Nurses are frequently viewed as 
mother-substitutes by such patients, 
and maneuvers such as being helper, 
gift-bearer, and flatterer are quite com- 
mon. To the extent that the nurse re- 
sponds to these patterns with approval, 
and to the extent that the pattern con- 
tinues, the nurse has been manipulated. 
Summary 
Manipulation is an interpersonal 
process that may take many forms. 
The nurse's most valuable insurance 
against participation in a mutually 
adaptive relationship is her conscious 
knowledge of the goals of her response 
in relation to the patient's needs. In 
setting limits, she must know what 
she is limiting. Generally, she is limit- 
ing excessive dependency in its varied 
forms, and aggression in its destructive 
forms. Her purpose is not to control 
the patient, but to provide guidance 
toward self-control. 


Mrs. Okkenhaug is a staff nurse on the 
Home Care Service, Psychiatric Unit, The 
Montreal General Hospital. This article is 
adapted from a speech she presented to the 
Psychiatric Nurses' Association of Montreal 
in November 1966. 0 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 47 



Demonstrators abound in 1967, but 
placard-carrying protesters are by no 
means peculiar to this decade. Just 100 
years ago one group was so success- 
ful in its protests that it caused one 
of Canada's largest smallpox epidemics 
- and 3,164 deaths. They were the 
anti-vaccinationists. 
The whole history of the modern 
smallpox vaccine is characterized by 
protest. In 1796 Edward Jenner tested 
his cowpox vaccine on a "highly reluc- 
tant" eight-year-old boy. Two years 
later he sent a sample of the vaccine 
to a former student, Rev. John Clinch, 
M.D., stationed in Trinity, Newfound- 
land. Like Jenner, Dr. Clinch expe- 
rienced considerable difficulty finding 
a "volunteer" to test the vaccine. Even- 
tually he managed to apply it to his 
nephew, a boy of about J 7 "who sub- 
mitted to treatment by no means wil- 
lingly," according to a report in The 
Telegram of Newfoundland. 
To prevent the spread of smallpox, 
a Bureau de Vaccins was established 
in Quebec in 182 J. A brochure issued 
by the Bureau indicates the rather 
complicated process of vaccination at 
that time. It was recommended that 
"a second inoculation be made about 
36 to 48 hours before the areola of 
the first inoculation commences to 
appear, that is to say, the fifth or 
sixth day after the matter has been in- 
serted. " 


1867 - smallpox on rampage 
The continuing unpopularity of the 
48 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


The changing voice 
of protest 


Since Confederation, Canadians' reactions to the smallpox vaccine have changed 
from violent protest to the occasional vocal" ouch." 


vaccine is evidenced by the fact that in 
1842 smallpox was once again preva- 
lent throughout the country. By Can- 
ada's Confederation, in J 867, the dis- 
ease had reached Sault Ste. Marie. In 
an attempt to prevent its spread, the 
Ontario Board of Health allocated the 
extravagant sum of $90.68. 
Between 1875 and 1885 some of 
the strongest antagonism to vaccination 
developed in French Canada, climax- 
ing in the rise of the anti-vaccina- 
tionists and ending in one of Quebec's 
worst epidemics. 
No quiet sit-ins 
The anti-vaccinationists did not stage 
the quiet sit-ins of today. At the height 
of the movement, September 28, 1885, 
a howling mob assembled and took 
possession of the streets. The protesters 
tore down placards from vaccination 
stations, assaulted City Hall itself and 
after being driven off once by the 
police, broke in and wrecked the 
health offices, smashing windows and 
throwing quantities of disinfectants and 
posters into the street. 
The tragedy of this protest was that 
it stemmed from a mistaken belief that 
serious ulcerations (now thought to be 
of syphilitic origin) were caused by 
the vaccine. 


Thousands die 
That year an epidemic of smallpox 
began in Montreal and swept though 
the unprotected population. That win- 
ter, 3, J 64 of whom 2,717 were chil- 


dren under 10, died in Montreal alone. 
It was a tragic lesson. Never since 
that time has there been any opposi- 
tion to vaccination in the Province of 
Quebec. Not one case of smallpox has 
been reported in Montreal in the past 
36 years. 
Although there was opposition to 
vaccines among the English-speaking 
people of Ontario and the Western 
provinces, it never approached the vio- 
lent extremes of Quebec's anti-vaccina- 
tionists. As a result, these provinces 
were spdred the ravages of Quebec's 
wide-spread epidemics. 


Conscientious objectors 
Today there are few conscientious 
objectors to vaccination but occasion- 
ally there is a flare-up of anti-vaccina- 
tion feeling among some religious 
groups. In 1921 an epidemic hit Otta- 
wa as a result of such feelings. It was 
during this epidemic that the National 
Department of Health adopted a me- 
thod of vaccination that has been used 
until recently. This description is given 
in a brochure released by the Depart- 
ment at that time: 
"By this method the skin of the 
outer surface of the arm is thoroughly 
cleansed with soap and water followed 
by swabbing with alcohol. A drop of 
vaccine is placed on the cleansed 
surface. A needle, held almost paral- 
lel with the skin, is then gently pushed 
through the drop of vaccine into the 
top layer of skin. No blood is drawn 
as the true skin is not pierced. At the 
AUGUST 1967 



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site of the vaccination a pearly pustule 
develops. This enlarges until it be- 
comes about the size of a ten-cent 
piece. It then dries up leaving a scar 
little bigger than a five cent piece. 
There is a slight headache and a feel- 
ing of chilliness, showing the constitu- 
tional effect." At the public health 
meeting in Montreal in 1925, a com- 
mittee appointed to recommend the 
best single method of vaccination 
adopted this method. 


Occasional "ouc h" 
Most protests in Canada in 1967 
are limited to the occasional vocal 
"ouch." The recent development of 
"guns" to replace needles may silence 
even these last protests. 
The principle of the jet injector 
was discovered accidentally 15 years 
ago by an engineer. While repairing 
an engine, he received an injection of 
oil when one of the pipes, filIed with 
oil under pressure, developed a smalI 
hole. Today, intramuscular, subcuta- 
neous, and intradermal injections can 
be given with jet injectors using the 
pressure of a finger, foot or electricity. 
The jet injecfor has great advantages, 
particularly where large numbers of 
people are gathered together. This 
method, however, requires a vaccine of 
optimum purity that few laboratories 
can produce. The new guns are light 
and easy to use: the hand model weighs 
about one pound, the foot-operated 
model about 20 pounds, and the electric 
model about 30 to 40 pounds. 
AUGUST 1967 


Up to 8,000 persons in one day 
can be vaccinated using the electric 
model, which needs only one steriliza- 
tion per day. 


Cheerful volunteers 
When Dr. John Davis of the epide- 
miology branch of the Department of 
National Health and Welfare wanted 
to test the guns, he didn't have to 
chase "a reluctant nephew." In fact, 
300 employees at the Department of 
National Health and Welfare head- 
quarters in Ottawa cheerfulIy volun- 
teered themselves as human guinea 
pigs. 
Canada lucky 
The history of the smallpox vaccine 
in Canada is realIy a success story. 
Other countries have not been so 
lucky. According to a recent release 
from the World Health Organization, 
smallpox continues to be a serious 
world health problem; but the hin- 
drances today are not anti-vaccina- 
tionists, but a lack of financial and 
technical support, transport and equip- 
ment for the countries concerned. To- 
day the major epidemic foci are South- 
East Asia, certain parts of South Ame- 
rica, and Africa south of the Sahara. 
In India superstitions still hinder the 
fight against the disease. Many people 
refuse to be vaccinated on the ground 
that the vaccine is polIuted by animal 
matter. In one province, Bihar, 1,000 
villagers have died of smalIpox since 
January, 1967. 0 


Since the 1885 Quebec epidemic, 
violent opposition to vaccination has 
been rare. But 100 years ago 
vaccination was not the painless 
process it is today. 



 
! 


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This "willing volunteer" at the 
Department of National Health and 
Welfare isn't so sure that the new gun 
i... painless. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 49 



Our "patients" have temperatures of 
35 0 C (96 0 F), are capable of lowering 
their heartbeat to 20 beats per minute. 
and have hemoglobins almost double 
the normal human level. They are 
amiable harp seal pups who were born 
about March I, 1967 in the Gulf of St. 
Lawrence and transported by air to 
the Department of Zoology. University 
of Guelph, at Easter. 
The seals are given T.L.C. by the 
three of us in the course of our work 
as research technicians in the depart- 


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Seals for patients 


Its not all work for the five seal pups who have joined the University of 
Guelph's zoological staff. Two registered nurses and registered nursing assistant 
are on hand to cater to all their needs. 


Elizabeth Johnson, Elizabeth deJong; and Marilyn Foster 


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ment. Their care is a pleasurable task 
as they are characters with their very 
individual personalities. 
Mrs. Elizabeth Johnson, who train- 
ed at Ramsgate and Margate Hos- 
pital, Kent, England and worked as a 
registered nursing assistant in Canada, 
daily feeds each seal nine or ten sea 
herring as well as a vitamin pill. She 
is assisted in a program to follow the 
hematological development by Mrs. 
Elizabeth deJong, a 1963 graduate of 
the Mack Training School at St. Cath- 


III 


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A seal undergoing "intensive care." The electrodes are being used. 
to monitor normal heart rates and pattern in this marine mammal. 
50 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


arine's General Hospital, and Mrs. 
Marilyn Foster. a 1962 graduate of the 
Calgary General Hospital School of 
Nursing. The program is directed by 
Professor Keith Ronald, Ph.D., head 
of the Department of Zoology. 
Blood is drawn from the hind flip- 
per of each seal every two weeks. The 
hematological analysis includes total 
erythrocyte and leucocyte counts, in- 
cluding differentials, hemoglobin le- 
vels, hematocrit, partial pressures of 
oxygen and carbon dioxide, pH, pro- 


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Mrs. Marilyn Foster, making a red blood 
cell count on a normal seal's blood. 
AUGUST 1967 



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thrombin times, and plasma protein 
electropherograms. 
Among other studies being initiated 
are electrocardiogram tracings, which 
are picked up directly with electrodes 
placed on the seal restrained in a V- 
trough on a stretcher. Further ECGs 
of a swimming seal are picked up on a 
radio receiver from a transmitter at- 
tached to the electrodes. Graduate stu- 
dents in the department are studying 
the visual and audio perceptions and 
acuities of seals. Of interest are the ul- 
trasonic emissions utilized by these 
animals, perhaps in communication 
with each other. 
Other records we keep of the seals 
include weight, heart rate, and mea- 
surement of length. In addition. a 
variety of other tasks in the depart- 
ment give us an opportunity to assist 
in teaching undergraduate laboratory 
studies and in guiding educational 
tours. The latter include tours for re- 
tarded children, high school students, 
and persons interested in biology. We 
also are involved in programs to study 
the development of the blood of the 
Red-winged Blackbird, the physiologi- 
cal changes that occur in the hiberna- 
ting Columbian Ground Squirrel, and 
the separation of subspecies of Cana- 
dian Geese through plasma protein 
differences. 
We all find satisfaction in our new 
environment, and believe this research 
will someday benefit mankind. Also, 
we enjoy the numerous opportunities 
ever present for further learning. 0 
AUGUST 1967 


, 



 



 


The cause of it all 
- a true Easter seal. 


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Mrs. Betty Johnson (left), aided by Mrs. Marilyn Foster, attempts to obtain 
a blood sample from the hind flipper of a harp seal. If the attempt is not 
successful within the first few minutes, the seal cuts off circulation to that 
point, leaving a somewhat bloodless area and a frustrated technician. 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 51 



books 


Therapy with Oxygen and Other Gases 
by Marie M. Seedor. 172 pages. New 
York, Teachers College, Columbia Uni- 
versity, 1966. 
Reviewed by Miss J. H. Hezekiah, nurs- 
ing instructor, The Montreal General 
Hospital, Molitreal. 


This book presents a thorough, detailed 
and informative unit on the uses of oxygen 
therapy. 
The book is divided into four lessons: a 
review of the mechanics of respiration, the 
purposes of oxygen therapy, the methods of 
oxygen administration. and administration 
of other gases. There is a summary and 
review questions at the end of each lesson. 
Instructors might find this useful as a 
supplement to their basic course, and as 
an aid to students. 
A sound basic knowledge of physiology 
and physics would appear to be a prere- 
quisite for students using book. 


Scientific Principles in Nursing, 5 ed., 
by M. Esther McClain, R.N., M.S., and 
Shirley Hawke Gragg, R.N., B.S.N. 436 
pages. Saint Louis, Mosby, 1966. 
Reviewed by Miss Tina Enns, instructor, 
fundamentals of nursing, Misericordia 
General Hospital, Winnipel!, Manitoba. 


Basically, this book consists of nursing 
principles rather than techniques. The 
authors have kept in mind both the chang- 
ing role of the nurse and the changing 
methods and philosophies of teaching. 
Two new chapters have been added to 
this fifth edition of the original basic 
nursing text: a chapter on psychosocial 
aspects of hospital care and another on 
rehabilitation. Many old illustrations have 
been replaced by more recent ones that 
show modem equipment. The performance 
check lists and life situations at the end 
of the chapters have been retained and the 
suggested reading list has been reevaluated 
and modernized. 
Since the text is concerned with prin- 
ciples, it would help the student under- 
stand the reasons behind the techniques 
she performs. The student will realize 
that nursing as a profession is dependent 
on a body of scientific knowledge related 
to the physical and social sciences. The 
book stresses the patient as an individual 
and points out the need for an individ- 
ual plan of care. 
The chapter on psychosocial aspects of 
hospital care is very helpful and includes 
a 
ection on the influence of culture on 


52 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


the patient, his adaptation to hospital. 
methods of communication. spiritual needs. 
and a description of the more common 
religious faiths. 
The importdnce of rehabilitation and 
continuity of care after discharge from 
hospital is discussed as well as community 
resources to which the patient can be 
referred. The student will realize from 
this that nursing is not confined to the 
hospital. The "learning situations" at the 
end of certain chapters help the student 
to recognize the importance of her role 
as a health teacher. 
Since this book is concerned with the 
principles related to basic needs. it would 
be helpful for first-year students. However. 
beginning students might not be able to 
put all these principles into practice without 
more concrete guidance; a few of the how's 
as well as the why's seem indicated. For 
example. more detail might have been 
useful in the section on moving patients 
- getting them out of bed for the first 
time or moving them from bed to wheel- 
chai r. 
The objective of the authors has been 
accomplished and the book is informative 
and valuable as an aid in teaching funda- 
mentals of nursing. 


ANA Clinical Sessions, American 
Nurses' Association. 1966. 272 pages. 
New York. Appleton-Century-Crofts. Div- 
ision of Meredith Publishing Co., 1967. 
Rel'iewed by Jean R. Godard, assistant 
professor, Medical - Surl!ical Nursing, 
School for Graduate Nurses, Molllreal. 


This collection of papers from the 1966 
Clinical Sessions of the Americdn Nurses' 
Association represents an attempt to assist 
the nurse to improve the quality of her 
nursing care through a wider dissemination 
of new and evolving knowledge in the social 
sciences. Nursing experiences of many ex- 
perts are presented and analyzed. In the 
10 sessions and five clinics reported, dis- 
cussions concern the behavior of people 
under social pressures from their environ- 
ment. Barriers to communication, approach- 
es to problem patients, preparation of nurs- 
ing diagnoses, clinical nursing problems. 
community health. and education are topics 
that come under consideration. 
This book would be a useful adjunct to 
the library of those interested in a more 
scientific approach to nursing care. It is 
illustrative of the increasing complexity of 
the knowledge of man and his relationships 


that is so vital to the professional nurse 
today. The readability of these papers 
should also make them useful to the teach- 
er of nursing as source material for study 
and discussion. 


The Nursing Clinics of North America, 
volume 2, Number I, edited by Elisabeth 
H. Boeker and Jane C. Donahue. 214 
pages. A W.B. Saunders publication avail- 
able in Canada from McAinsh & Com- 
pany, 1967. 
Rei'iewed by Miss Doris Martyn, senior 
radiotherapy technician, The Princess 
Marl!aret Hospital, Toronto, Ollt. 


This volume of Nursing Clinics should 
prove an asset to any nursing library. It 
provides valuable reading material to all 
nurses working in the field of radiology, 
and the leg1l1 aspects should be of partic- 
ular interest to anyone in the present day 
nursing profession. 
The need for additional knowledge and 
skill to cope with new treatment methods 
and techniques comes with the increased 
use of radiation in our lives today. This 
fact is pointed out in the foreword of the 
first symposium of this book. entitled '"Ra- 
diation Uses and Hazards." 
The contributing authors of the ten arti- 
cles included have had varied and wide ex- 
perience. The nursing responsibilities pecu- 
liar to the use of radiation for diagnosis 
and therapy. both for hospital nurses and 
those working in out-patient departments, is 
stressed. The fact that the nurse must keep 
pace with the technical advances in these 
specialities is pointed out. 
A paper entitled "Inservice Education in 
Radiation Health" calls attention to the 
many and varied responsibilities of all insti- 
tutions where ionizing radiation is used. 
The fact is stressed that personnel who fully 
understand the significance of radiological 
health will establish good radiation protec- 
tion procedure for themselves and others. 
Two articles entitled "Radiation in Per- 
spective" and '"Radiation and its Effects on 
Man" point out that the role of the nurse, 
as an important source of health informa- 
tion, becomes increasingly significant as 
medicine and industry find more uses for 
radioactive isotopes. They also provide the 
nurse with the basic facts and proper per- 
spective toward radiation, which she needs 
in order to answer many of the questions 
likely to be asked by laymen in a hospital. 
a clinic, office, or home. 
The remaining articles cover concisely 
and thoroughly the special patient care 
AUGUST 1967 



books 


unique to radiological nursing and the pro- 
tective measures that will minimize radia- 
tion exposure to herself and others. 
'The Legal Basis of Nursing" is the 
opening paper in the second symposium en- 
titled "The Nurse and the Law." Articles 
dealing with such timely subjects as "Mal- 
practise - the Nurse as a Defendant." 
'The Nurse on the Witness Stand," and 
"Law and the Nurse - the Canadian Posi- 
tion," bring to the attention of the reader. 
the fact that the practicing nurse of today. 
daily faces the hazard of a claim for dam- 
ages for professional injuries to her pa- 
tient. Hence nurses need to become more 
familiar with the laws applicable to the 
practice of nursing. In short comprehensive 
chapters this symposium provides some of 
that knowledge. 
In the foreword. one of the editors states 
that the increasing and broadening respons- 
ibilities of the nursing profes
ion have made 
it ever more important that nurses under- 
stand the legal implications of these new 
aspects of their professional duties. 
This volume contains. as an added bonus. 
a section entitled "Special Features." which 
includes a brief biography of an eminent 
personality in nursing - Miss Ruth Sleeper. 


A Guide For Staffing A Hospital 
Nursing Service, by Marguerite Paetz- 
nick. R.N., M.A. 93 pages. Geneva. 
World Health Organization. 1966. 
Re}'iewed by Miss Pamela Affall. Direc- 
tor Nursing Service, Ulli}'ersitv of Alberta 
Hospital. Edmollloll. Alberta. 


The purpose of this book is to present 
materi:ll useful in con
idering the staffing 
needs of a hospital nursing service. The 
author considers the need for collaboration 
among nurses. doctors and administrators 
to provide a realistic calculation of staffing 
patterns. Information for this guide has 
been pthered from a variety of countries. 
The book begins with a survey of the 
changing world of nursing and the increas- 
ing respon
ibilities assumed by nursing ser- 
vice. It covers the following topics: planning 
the improvement of nursing care through 
staffing; factors relating to the care of the 
hospital patient; hospital administrative 
practices relating to nursing; utilization of 
nursing personnel; and education. The last 
20 pages of the book include organization 
charts. assignment sheets. job analysis forms 
and nursing care plans. 
This book gives an excellent outline of 
the variables to be considered in planning 
staffing patterns. Types and varieties of 
illness. together with the number of patients 
requiring care. have received allention. Al- 
though there is no bibliography, excellent 


special products 
for patient care 


l 


reference material is provided in footnotes 
throughout. 
This book is too brief to be used as II 
student text, but would be invaluable as 
a guide for those experienced in nursing 
service and seeking guide lines for further 
reading. 


Health is a Communitv Affair. by the 
National Commission' on Community 
Health Services. 252 pages. Toronto. 
Saunders. 1966. 
Redewed by Miss Helell M. Carpelller, 
director, School of Nursillg, Ulli1'er.
it\' 
of Toronto, Toronto, Olltario. 


This text is the product of the NatIOnal 
Commission on Community Health Services. 
a Commission appointed by the American 
Public Health As
ociation and the National 
Council of Health to conduct 
tudies and 
make recommendation
 on the development 
of health services to meet new and emerg- 
ing needs. The Commission. with member
 
representative of the health profes
ions and 
interested citizens. established ta
k force
 
to study such problems as health manpower. 
hospitals. and other health care f:lci!;,;". 
the organization and financing of com- 
munity health services. and the development 
of comprehensive personal and environ- 
mental health services. 
A number of community self-studies were 
undertaken, and a communication project 
was developed to facilitate the interchange 


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THE CANADIAN NURSE 53 



NEW FOR HOSPITALS 


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treatment. 



 


When the contents of the enve- 
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54 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


books 


of ideas and to make possible creative re- 
view and discussion of the reports of the 
various commissions. Fourteen statements 
of conviction were formulated. together 
with a series of recommendations that 
stem from them. These statements and 
recommendations are discussed in some 
detail, a chapter being given to each topic 
studied. 
A number of new concepts are explored. 
It is recommended that the boundaries of a 
community, for the purpose of the develop- 
ment of health services. be established by 
the boundaries in which a problem can be 
defined. dealt with. and solved. The plan- 
ning. organization, and delivery of com- 
munity health services by both official and 
voluntary agencies should be based on the 
concept of a "community of solution." 
Emphasis is given to the need to co- 
ordinate facilities and services to achieve 
effective utilization of resources and man- 
power, and to achieve the goal of 
comprehensive personal and environmental 
health services for all. It is recommended 
that every individual have a personal 
physician who would be the central point 
for integration and continuity of all medical 
and medically-related services. All pertinent 
health information should be channeled 
through him regardless of what institution, 
agency, or individual renders the service. 
Separatist attitudes on the part of health 
services personnel should be given up in 
favor of collaboration. 
Mention is made in the report of a 
proposal from a group of women concern- 
ing the organization of physicians' services. 
This group expressed the opinion that the 
hospital. with its accessibility, availability 
of professional talent. and readiness to 
serve could become a substitute for the 
family doctor and could serve as the 
focus for all medical-care services. The 
modem urban family of the future may 
well look to the hospital as the center for 
medical services in the same way they 
look to the department store and shopping 
plaza for other services. 
The Commission recognized that the role 
of the nurse is changing and that nurses 
in the future will have more responsibility 
for coordinating services and for carrying 
out special procedures. However. they do 
not propose any new or imaginative solu- 
tions for improving the education of nurses 
or overcoming the shortage of nursing 
service. 
No recommendations are made concern- 
ing methods of "redesigning education so 
that individuals of all health disciplines 
train together as students." The tradition,1l 
three-year training programs offered by 
hospital schools of nursing are supported 
and it is recommended that nursing educa- 


tion programs in junior colleges and univer- 
sities be expanded. 
The need for planning and policy- 
formulation is recognized and it is sug- 
gested that the viewpoints and skills of 
planners from social work. public health. 
health and welfare councils. and hospital 
administration be brought together. Courses 
should be developed to train personnel to 
give leadership to health planning at the 
local. state, and national levels. 
This is a provocative and interesting 
book. It deals primarily with services that 
will be needed to achieve the goal of 
comprehensive personal and environmental 
health care for every citizen. rather than 
with the method by which this goal can be 
achieved. The book is well-organized; 
there are excellent cross-references and a 
complete index. The final chapter provides 
a summary of the positions and recom- 
mendations. A brief history of the National 
Commission on Community Health Services 
is contained in an appendix that includes 
information concerning the method by 
which the data were gathered andt he report 
prepared. 


films 


For Senior Students 
Two films recently available in the Pzifer 
Company Film Library. 50 Place Cremazie. 
Montreal II. P.Q.. would be useful in 
senior medical-surgical nursing lectures. 
Carcinoma of the Stomac:h. a 27-minute. 
color. sound film. emphasizes the impor- 
tance of early diagnosis. gives the early 
signs and symptoms. and shows the spe- 
cialized procedures used in clinical diagnosis. 
In animated canoon drawings. the areas 
that can be removed surgically with today's 
modern procedures are described. 
Hiatus Hernia highlights the tests and 
procedures used by doctors in making a 
differential diagnosis of this condition. This 
film takes 26 1/2 minutes to run. and is 
available in color. 


An Extra-Curricular Film 
A film describing the special classes for 
children from deprived areas. Operation 
Headstart portrays the success of one anti- 
poverty program in the US. This excellent 
motion picture would be useful in extra- 
curricular programs for nurses. It was made 
in 1965 and i
 a 16-minute. black and white 
presentation 
Arrangements to borrow this film should 
be made from local sources :IS the Canadi<Jn 
outlet does not provide loan copies. 


Emotional Growth in Children 
Jamie - The Story of Siblings. a 28- 
minute. black and white. sound film. dis- 
cusses f.tmily reldtionships and their effect 


AUGUST 1967 



Next Month 


In 


The 
Canadian 
Nurse 


. Epistaxis as a 
nursing problem 


. The handicapped child's 
need for approval 


. Public health nurses 
form T -groups 


n 

 


Photo credits 


Vello Muikma - cover photo 
Photo Lamy, p. 8 
Graetz Bros., pp. 8, 27 
Novosti Press Agency, p. 11 
Ottawa Civic Hospital, p. 17 
Adri Govers, pp. 29, 30 
Julien LeBourdais, p. 45 
The Montreal Children's 
Hospital, pp. 33, 36, 38,40,41 
Public Archives of Canada, p. 49 
University of Guelph, pp. 50, 51 


AUGUST 1967 


on the emotional growth of young children. 
The film would be useful for stimulating 
group discussion on emotional needs of 
children. 
It was produced by the National Film 
Board of Canada and is available from 
NFB provincial offices or the Canadian 
Film Institute, 1762 Carling Ave., Ottawa. 
A rental fee will be charged. 


accession list 


Publications in this list of material re- 
ceived recently in the CNA library are 
shown in language of source. The majority 
(reference material, archive material, and 
theses, indicated by R, excepted) may be 
borrowed by CNA members, and by libra- 
ries of hospitals and other institutions. Re- 
quests for loans should be made on the 
"Request Form for Accession List" (page 
57) and should be addressed to: The Li- 
brary, Canadian Nurses' Association, 50 
The Driveway, Ottawa 4. Ontario. 


BOOKS AND DOCUMEN1S 
I. Anatomie et physiologie par Denise 
Leger-Boucher. Ottawa, Renouveau Pedago- 
gique, 1966. 259p. 
2. Anatomie humaine. descriptive. topo- 
graphique et fonctionnelle par H. Rouviere. 
lO.ed revisée et augmentée par A. Delmas. 
Paris. Masson, 1967. 3v. 
3. Com'emion information manual. Mon- 
treal, Canadian National Hotels, 1967. I v 
(loose leaO R. 
4. Feminine psychology by Karen Hor- 
ney. Edited and with an introduction by 
Harold Kelman. New York, Norton. c1967. 
269p. 
5. Fundamemals of pariem care a com- 
prehensive approach to nursing by Barbara 
Blackwood Kozier and Beverly Witter Du- 
Gas. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1967, 386p. 
6. Health is a community affair. Cam- 
bridge Mass., Harvard UnIversity Press, for 
National Commission on Community Health 
Services, 1966. 252p. 
7. Health services research by Donald 
Mainland. New York, Millbank Memorial 
Fund. 1965-1966. 270p. 
8. A lamp is heavy by Sheila MacKay 
Russell. Philadelphia, Lippincott. ] 950. 
255p. 
9. Materia medica for nurses by John E. 
Groff. 2d ed. rev. and rewritten. Philadel- 
phia. Blakiston's, 1903, c1902. I 69p. R 
10. Medical terminology; a programmed 
text by Genevieve Love Smith and Phyllis 
E. Davis. 2d ed. New York, Wiley, 1967. 
289p. 
II. Mosby's comprehensive review of 
nursing. 6th ed. St. Louis, Mosby, 1967. 
645 p. 
12. The new childbirth by Erna Wright. 
New York, Hart, c]966. 25]p. 


] 3. The nurses' complete medical dic- 
tionary. compiled by M. Theresa Bry.ln. 
Toronto, Macmillan, 19]2. ]96p. R 
14. Nursing: a practical treatise giVing 
the fullest directions for the care of the 
sick in all the simple as well as the more 
serious ailments by S. Virginia Levis, Phila- 
delphia, Penn Publishing Co., 1901. 214p. R 
15. Patient studies in medical-surgical 
nursing by Jane Secor. Philadelphia, Lip- 
pincott, [967. 401 p. 
16. Physiologie humaine; cellulaire et or- 
ganique par H. Laborit. Paris, Masson. 
1961. 585p. 
17. Resources for teaching: people, Ideas, 
materials. and values. Report of a Confe- 
rence. Oct. 14-15, 1966. New York, National 
League for Nursing, 1967. 58p. 
18. Resume de puericulture et de pedia- 
trie par Nicole Tremblay. Ottawa, Renou- 
veau Pedagogique, 1966. 240p. 
19. Selected provisions from state nllrse.ç 
associations employmefll standards. as of 
January 1966. New York, American Nurses' 
Association, Research and Statistics Unit, 
1966. Iv. 
20. State approved schools of nllrsing 
L.P.N./L. V.N. meetinf? minimum require- 
mems set by law and board rules in the 
various jurisdictions. 1967. New York, Na- 
tional League for Nursing, Research and 
Studies Service, ] 967. 72p. 
21. Teaching the new social studies in 
secondary schools an inducth'e approach by 


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Alexander-Burley-Ellison- Valleri 
CARE OF THE PATIENT 
IN SURGERY 
Including Techniques 


. A "classic" among nursing texts 
. Completely revised and expanded 
. New chapters on ophthalmic sur- 
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. 555 illustrations 


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THE CANADIAN NURSE 55 



accession list 


Edwin Fenton. New York. Holt. Rinehart 
and Winston. c1966. 526p. 
22. Therapy with oXYl?en and other I?ases. 
A programmed unit in fundamentals of 
nursing by Marie M. Seedor. New York. 
Teacher's College Press. Columbia Univer- 
sity. 1966. 172p. 


PAMPHLETS 
23. New dIrectIOns, new dimensions, new 
decisions for hospital nursinl! sen'ice. Panel 
presentation first meeting. Chicago. Oct. 31. 
1966. New York. NallOnJI League for 
Nursing. Dept. of Hospital Nursing. Coun- 
cil of Member Agencies. 1967. 24p. 
24. Planning for tomorrow's hospitals by 
Jack C. Haldeman. New York. Hospital 
Review and Planning Council of Southern 
New York. Inc.. 1967? 7p. 
25. Planning the hospital library. New 
York. United Hospital Fund of New York. 
Committee on Hospital Library Architec- 
ture. 1957. 12p. 
26. Professional Photographers of Cana- 
da. Directory 1967. Toronto. 1967. 30p. 
27. Stafemelll on behalf of the nursinl? 
staff employed by Sullimn County Public 
Health Nursing Ser\"ice. Albany. N.Y.. New 


York State Nurses Associations. Oct. 1966. 
6p. 
28. Submission to the Special Commillee 
011 Drug Costs of the House of Commons. 
October 1966. Montreal. Smith Kline and 
French. 1966. 48p. 
29. Unionism in British Columbia. Van- 
couver. B.C. Federation of Labour. 1967. 
16p. 


GOVERNMENT DoCUMENTS 
Canada 
30. Dept. of National Health and Wel- 
fare. Office cOlISolidation of the foud and 
drugs act and of the foud and drug re1?U- 
larÌ<Jlls Ottawa. Queen'
 Printer. 1954-1967. 
Iy. 
3 I. Dept of National Health .l11d Wel- 
fare. Emergency Health Services. Bibliogra- 
phv relating to di.m.fter nursing. Ottawa. 
1965. 30p. 
32. Dept. of National Health and Wel- 
fare. Emergency Health Services. Disa.fter 
medical care, collected paper.f. Ottawa. 1965. 
131p. 
33. Dept. of the Secretary of State. Hand- 
book of trGl'el and excilanRe programmes. 
Ottawa. 1967. 151p. 
34. Ministère du travail. Rapport anlluel 
J 966. Ottawa. Imprimeur de la reine. 1966. 
I3lp. 
35. Ministère du Travail. Direction de 
I'Economique et des Recherches. Repertoire 


de lames el expressions utilisés en rela- 
tions induslrielles et dans des domailles con- 
nexes. Ottawa. Imprimeur de la reine. 1967. 
206p. R 


United States 
36. Bureau of Naval Personnel Navy 
Training Course. Standard first aid course. 
Rev. Washington. U.S. Govt. Print. Off.. 
1965. 112p. 
37. Dept. of Health. Education and Wel- 
fare. Public Health Service. The public 
health .fen'ice to-day. Washington. U.S. 
Govt. Print. Off., 1965. 4p. 
38. Public Health Service. Division of 
Nursing Resources. How to study super- 
,'i.fOr acti,'ities in a ho.fpital nursing ser- 
rice: a manual prepared by Elinor Stanford 
and other members the staff of the Division 
of Nursing Resources. Washington. U.S. 
Govt. Print. Off.. 1957. 47p. 


STUDIES DEPOSITED IN CNA 
RFPOSITORY COLLFCTlON 
39. The association between maternal and 
infant morbidity and mortalitv and the ex- 
tent of prenatal care by Catherine W. Keith. 
New York. 1966. Design of a study pre- 
pared to meet requirement of course in 
Epidemiology at Columbia University. 
School of Public Health. 24p. R 
40. A comparison of the effects of two 
methods of nursinl! care assignments on pa- 


MY VERY OWN 
STETHOSCOPE? 


. 


TOO MANY SQUARE MEALS? 


Turns get rid of acid 
indigestion fast! 


-.... 
". 


- but of course! 



 


ASSISTOSCOPE* was 
designed with the 
nurse in mind. 


ASSISTOSCOPE* gives 
you the acoustical 
o perfection of the 
most expensive 
stethoscopes. 


ASSISTOSCOPE::C is available with black or 
hospital-white tubing and ear pieces with the slim.fit 
sonic head which slips easily under blood pressure cuffs 
or clothing. 


Good eOfing ond drinking is something 
we all like. But indigestion is the course 
that finishes the meal for too many 
of us. When thof hoppens, toke Tums. 
They're pleasantly mint flovoured, need 
no woter ond get to work fast on heart- 
burn, gos ond stomach upsets. And Try Turns for the tummy! 
long-Iosfi ng Tums Ore really ef- 
I
Ne; . .., 
wm. " " 
 
 
fheir own wei g ht in excess 
s.tomoch ocid. Turns cost very IZ n n IM1 te.. 
lIttle, SO try them soon. \YI UVU 

 


56 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


tCheck with your Director 
of Nursing or P.A. today 
on how you can buy 
ASSISTOSCOPE at 
special group prices. 


Order fromt 
vi WlNLEY-MORRIS COMPANY LID 
A& IUIIIIICU INITIIUMENTI DIVIIION 
.. MONTllEAL 21 QUEUC 
.TRADE MARK 


AUGUST 1967 



accession list 


tient welfare by K. Marion Smith. Montreal 
1963. Thesis (M.Sc.Applied) - McGill. 
39p. R 
41. Educational costs of nursing educa- 
tion in relation to income from students in 
a selected Canadian hospital school of nur- 
sing by Sister Thérèse Haché. Washington, 
1965 Thesis (M.Sc.N.) - Catholic Univer- 
sity. 68p. R 
42. Factors affecting job satisfaction as 
perceived by ge1U!ral staff nurses in selected 
hospitals in Ontario by Sister Patricia Marie 
McKeon. London, Ont., 1965. Thesis (M. 
Sc.N) - Western Ontario. 174p. R 
43. The identification of concerns of pre- 
operative parients as they are communicated 
to a nurse giving direct care by Alice Jean 
Baumgart. Montreal, 1964. Thesis (M.Sc. 
Applied) - McGill, 97p. R 
44. L'infirmière et la resocialisation du 
malade mental par Ie travail. Travail de re- 
cherche . .. comme complément au cours 
qui conduit au Baccalaureat es Sciences In- 
firmières par Marthe Gagnon et al. Mont- 
réal 1967. Travail de Recherche présenté à 
l'Institut Marguerite d'Youville. 77p. R 
45. Leadership behavior of clinical teach- 
ers in diploma schools of nursing by Kath- 
leen Grace DeMarsh. London, 1967. Thesis 


(M.Sc.N.) - Western Ontario. 188p. R 
46. Report on the study of the pediatric 
nursing unit of St. Paul's Hospital by the 
School of Nursing St. Paul's Hospital with 
the help of Nursing Service. Saskatoon, 
Sask., 1964. Iv. (various paging) R 
47. Some implications of the introduction 
of two units of progressÜ'e patielll care and 
a team nursing system in a general hos- 
pital by Mary Elizabeth Molloy. London, 
1963. Thesis (M.Sc.N) - Western Ontario. 
I 57p. R 
48. A study of current head nurse prac- 
tice and a suggested programme of inser- 
vice education for effective unit administra- 
tion by Juliana Carmen T. Mitra. London, 
1962. Thesis (M.Sc.N.) - Western Ontario 
102p. R. 
49. A study of the opinions of field work 
in the final year of baccalaureate program 
in nursing as expres.fed by a selected group 
of graduates of one university by Charlotte 
Graham Crowe. Montreal, 1963. Thesis 
(M.Sc.AppIied) - McGill 57p. R 
50. A study of organizational influences 
on nurses' perception of patient needs in 
different types of organizations by Dorothy 
Butler. Montreal. 1965. Thesis (M.Sc.Ap- 
plied) - McGill. 32p. R 
51. A study of the relationship between 
long stay patients and equilibrium in the pa- 
tient social system by Mary Oliphant Ab- 
bott. Montreal, 1965. Thesis (M.Sc.Applied) 
- McGill University, 86p. R 


52. A study to determine graduate nurse 
perception of limitations in general staff 
nurse preparation to perform a number of 
differentiated nursing activities by Sylvia 
Holmes. Montreal. 1964. Thesis (M.Sc.Ap- 
plied) - McGill. 75p. R 
53. A study to determine the opinions 
and activities of a I?roup of senior students 
on night dutv in relation to new procedure.f, 
interpersonal relationships, decision-maJ..i/fg, 
and responsibility by Jean R. Godard. 
Montreal. 1963. Thesis (M.Sc.Applied) - 
McGill. 59p. R 
54. A study to determine the opinions of 
directors of nursing education in Engli.fh 
language hospital schools of nursing across 
Canada, on questions concerning /fursinl? 
education based on selected recommenda- 
tions included in the Canadian Nurses' As- 
sociation submission to the Royal Commis- 
sion on Health Services. by M.A. Beswethe- 
rick, Montreal, 1964. Thesis (M.Sc.Applied) 
- McGill, 98p. R 
55. A study to determine what a group of 
hospital staff nurses identlfy as post-hospital 
health problems for their patients by Hazel 
Lillian Salmon. Montreal. 1964. Thesis (M. 
Sc.Applied) - McGill. 1 v. various paging. 
R 
56. A study to exami/fe the relationship 
between patterns of atte/fdance at a psy- 
chiatric after care clinic and patient 
welfare by Pearl E. Bierbrier. Montreal. 
1965. Thesis (M.Sc.Applied) McGill. 55p. R 


Request Form for "Accession List" 
CANADIAN NURSES' ASSOCIATION LIBRARY 


Send this coupon or facsimile to: 
LIBRARIAN, Canadian Nurses' Association, 50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario. 
Please lend me the following publications, listed in the .............................................................. issue of The 
Canadian Nurse, or add my name to the waiting list to receive them when available: 
Item Author Short title (for identification) 
No. 


Requests for loans will be fjlled in order of receipt. 
Reference and restricted material must be used in the CNA library. 
Borrowe r .................................... ......... ............. .... ........................ ...................... Regi strati on No. ................................ 
Position 


Address .............................................................................. ................................................................................................ 
Date of req uest .................... ....................................... ........ ...................... ............................. ............................ ......... 


AUGUST 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 57 



I 
I 


classified advertisements 


ALBERTA 


ALBERTA 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING required immediately for 
19-bed active treatment hospital with plans for ex- 
pansion in immediate future. Residence accommoda- 
tion available MSI and Blue Cro.. in effect. Salary 
commensurate' with experience. Apply to: Administro- 
tor, Manning Municipal Hospital, Manning, Alberta. 
1-59-1 


Wonted Immediately - Director of Nu..... Modern 
26-bed hospital close to Edmonton. 3 buses doily. 
Salary $500.00 to $550.00 per month commensurate 
with experience. Residence available ot $40.00 per 
month. Apply: Administrator, Moyerthorpe General 
Hospital, Mayerthorpe, Alberto. 1-61-1 A 


DIRECTOR OF NURStNG required for 52-bed General 
Hospital situated 125 miles east of Edmonton. Town 
situated next to Provincial Park. Suite available in 
residence. Salary open. Apply to: Administrator, 
Vermilion Municipal Hospital, Vermilion, Alberto. 
1-90-2 


R.gilt.r.d Nurles required for a 51-bed active 
treatment hospital, situated in east centrol Alberto. 
Salary range from $400 to $460 commensurate with 
experience. Full maintenance in new nurses' resid- 
ence for $40 per month, sick leave and pension 
benefits avai:able, 4O-haur work week, 21 day. plus 
srotutory holodays after the first year, and 28 days 
plus statutory holidays after five years. For further 
information kindly contact: W.N. Saranchuk Admin- 
istrator, Elk Point, Municipal Hospital, E(k Point, 
A Iberra. I -3A-1 


Graduate Nurs.. for G.nerat Duty. Basic salary 
$380, annual increments. Policies os recommended 
by AARN. Apply to: Administrator, Providence Hos- 
pitol, High Prairie, Alberto. 1.45-1 


ADVERTISING 
RATES 


FOR ALL 
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING 


$10.00 for 6 lines or less 
$2.00 for each additional line 


Rates for display 
advertisements on request 


Closing date for copy and cancellation IS 
6 weeks prior to 1st day of publication 
month. 
The Canadian Nurses' Association has 
not yet reviewed the personnel policies 
of the hospitals and agencies advertising 
in the Journal. For authentic information, 
prospective applicants should apply to 
the Registered Nurses' Association of the 
Province in which they are interested 
on working 


Address correspondence to: 


The 
Canadian 
Nurse 



 


50 THE DRIVEWAY 
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO. 


58 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


I I 


ALBERTA 


REGISTERED NURSES (3) required immediately for 
19-bed active treatment hospital with plans for 
expansion in immediate future. Two doctors. Res. 
idence available. MSI and Blue Cross in effect. 
Salary $380-$450/mo. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Manning Municipal Hospital, Manning, Alberta. 
1-59.2 


Registered Nurses for 5A.bed active treotment hospital 
in town af .4,000 population ad;ocent to army camp. 
Solary - $380-$450 per month. Accommodation 
available, modern nurses' residence. For further 
information write to: Director of Nursing, Wainw- 
righl General Hospital, Wainwright, Alberto. 1-94-2 


NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active 30-bed hospital, 
recently constructed building. Town on main line of 
the C.P.R. and on Number 1 highway, midway 
between the cities of Calgary and Medicine Hot. 
Nurses on stoff must be willing and able to toke re- 
sponsibility in oU deportment, of nursing, with the 
exception of the Operating Room. Recently renovated 
nurses' residence with all single rooms situated on 
hospital grounds. Apply to: Mrs. M. Hislop, Adminis- 
trator and Director of Nursing, Bassano General Hos- 
pital, Bassano. Alberta_ 1-5-1 


General Duty Nurses for active, accredited, well- 
equipped 64.bed hospital in growing town, population 
3,500. Salaries range from $380-$440 commensurote 
with experience, other benefits. Nurses residence. 
Excellent personnel policies and working conditions. 
New modern wing opened this year. Good commu- 
n ications to large nearby cities. Apply Director of 
Nursing, Brooks General Haspilal, Brooks, Alberta_ 
1-13-IB 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES - Solary range - $4,320 
to $5,460 per annum, 40 hour week. Modern living- 
in facilities available at moderate rates, if desired. 
Civil Service holiday, sick leave and pension bene- 
fits_ Starting salary commensurate with training 
and experience. Apply to: Superintendent of Nurses, 
Baker Memorial Sanatorium, Box 72, Calgary, 
Alberto. 1.14.3 A 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 94-bed General Hos- 
pital localed in Alberto's unique Badlands. $380- 
$440 per month, approved AARN and AHA per- 
sonnel policies. Apply to: Mi.. M. Hawkes, Director 
of Nursing, Drumheller General Hospilal, Drumhel. 
ler, Alberto. 1-31.2A 


G.n.ral Duty Nu.... for 64-bed aclive treatment 
hospital, 35 miles south of Calgary. Solary rang. 
$3BO . $450. living accommodation available in s.p. 
arate residence if desired. Full maintenance in 
residence $45.00 per month. Excellent Personnel 
Policies and working conditions. Please apply to: 
The Director of Nursing, High River General Hos- 
pital, High River, Alberto. I-A6-IA 


G.neral Duty Nu..es for new 50.bed active General 
Hospital situated midway between Calgary and 
Edmonton on main highway_ Solary range $380 10 
$450 with recognition given for experience. Full 
maintenance available in nurses' residence for $45 
per month. Positions available for both summer 
relief and permanent employment. For further in- 
formation please write to: Mrs. E. Harvie, R.N., 
Lacomb. General Hospilal, Lacombe, Alberto. 
1-54-IA 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Modern 26-bed hospilal 
clos. to Edmonton. 3 buses doily. Salary $380 to 
$450 per month commensurate with experience. 
Residence available at $40.00 per month. Excellenl 
personnel policies. Apply: Director of Nursing. 
Mayerthorpe Municipal Hospital, Mayerthorpe, AI- 
berla. 1.61.1 


G.neral Duty Nurses (2): mod.rn 30-bed hospital, 25 
miles from Edmonton. Salary $380.$450 per month. 
Commensurate with experience. Good personnel 
policies. Apply Director of Nursing, Slony Plain 
Municipal Hospital, Stony Plain, Alberto. 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES required for 52-bed General 
Hospilal. Salary $380-$450 post experience recog- 
nized. 5hift differential for afternoons and nigh,.. 
Accommodation available in nurses' residence. Ap- 
ply to: Acting Director of Nursing, Vermilion Muni- 
cipal. Hospital Vermilion, Alberto. 1.9O-2A 


I I 


PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE I'. required by the City of 
Calgary, Heolth Deportment. Solary range $4,505- 
$5,455, 1966 rates. (presently under negotiation). 
Excellent benefits and working conditions. including 
t month paid vocation. This progressive City located 
in the foolhills of the Canadian Rockies offers yeor 
round recreation facilities
 Applicants possessing a 
B of Sc. in Nursing or a Registered Nurse with a 
diploma in Public Heolth Nursing, are invited to 
submit a complete resume indicating dote available 
and salary expected to Personnel Coordinator, City 
Hall, Calgary, Alberto. 1-14-12 


BRITISH COLUMBIA 


ASSISTANT DIRECTOR OF NURSING (PSYCHIATRIC 
UNIT) HEALTH SCIENCES CENTRE HOSPITAL, UNI. 
VERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. To administer psy. 
chiatric nursing services for the psychiatric unit of 
the Health Sciences Centre Hospital. This position 
has university affiliation and offers a unique op- 
portunity to ossist in the developmenl of leaching, 
research and service programs in psychiatry and 
relaled professional fields. The psychiatric unit to 
be completed in 1968 will provide 60 in-palient beds 
and on oul-patient deparlment including day and 
night core facilities. It is on integral port of the 
410-bed hospital complex (to be completed in 
1972). QUALIFICATIONS: A moster's degree in nurs- 
ing with administrative experience, proven leader- 
ship ability and competence in the nursing field. 
Further information concerning this position will be 
forwarded to interested persons on receipt of a 
letter of application. Forward confidential written 
application giving full details of education, ex- 
perience and salary expected 10: W.L. Clark, Per. 
sonnel Office, Univ&rsity of Brilish Columbia, Van. 
couver 8, British Columbia. 2-73-22 


Operating Room Supervisor: Applications are invited 
for the above position. Qualifications required 
Registered Nurse with a post groduate course in 
O.R. Management or the equivalent in experience. 
RNABC personnel policies in effect. Apply in writing 
to Direeror of Nursing, Chilliwack General Hospifal, 
Chilliwack, B.C. 


ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL, VICTORIA, B.C.: Invites 
B.C. Registered Nurses (or those eligible) to apply 
for these positions: SUPERVISOR for a 42-bed Psychia. 
tric Unit. HEAD NURSE for modern Post-Operative 
Recovery Room. GENERAL STAFF for Psychiatric Unit. 
Apply indicating preparation and experience to: 
Director of Nursing, Victoria, British Columbia. 
2.76-4A 


Operating Room H.ad Nurs. ($464 - $552), G.n.ral 
Duty Nurses (B.C. Regiltered $405 - $481, non-Regis- 
lered $390) for fully accredited 113-bed hospital in 
N.W_ B.C. Excellent fishing, skiing, skating, curling 
and bowling. Hot springs swimming nearby. Nurses' 
residence, room $20 per month. Cafeteria meals. 
Apply: Director of Nursing, Kitimat General Hospital, 
Kitimat, Brilish Columbia. 2-36.1 


Registered Nu..e with prov.n O_R. ."perlen... 
or 
% time service in O.R., % time to establish In
 
service training programs, for smoll peripheral hos
 
pitals. For information: Apply: Director of NUfS.í,:,g, 
Fraser Canyon Hospital, R.R. No. I, Hope, BrotlSh 
Columbia. 2.30-1 A 


B.C. R.N. for G.n.ral Duty in 32 bed General Hospi. 
tal. RNABC 1967 salary rate $390. $466 and fringe 
benefits, modern, comfortable, nurses' residence in 
attractive community close to Vancouver, B.C. For 
application form write: Director of Nursing, Fraser 
Canyon Hospital, R.R. I, Hope, B.C. 2-30-1 


R.gistered or non-registered G.neral Duty Nu.... 
and Nursing As.istants (3 required imm.diately) 
for new 3J-bed, active treatment hospital. located 
in the South Cariboo. Personnel policies in ac
 
cordance with RNABC. Nurses' residence available. 
Apply in writing 10: Director of Nursing, 100 Mile 
District General Hospital, 100 Mile House, British 
Columbia. 2.50.2 


General Duty Nurs.. for aerive 30-bed hospital. 
RNABC policies and schedules in effect, also North. 
ern allowance. Accommodations available in res- 
idence. Apply: Director of Nursing, Gen.ral Hospital, 
Fort Nelson, British Columbia. 2.23-1 


AUGUST 1%7 



ì 
J 


o 


. 


- 


". 


I 


, 


--- 


'- --- 


Someone Special 
The New York City Nurse 


The New York City Nurse is someone 
special. . . not only to Mayor John Lindsay but to 
8 million people. 
She can choose from 21 general and special 
hospitals when selecting her job-no other city can 
make this offer. She can specialize, diversify, 
learn, and advance; and she can give high quality 
nursing care to those who need it most. 
And then there's New York City-something 
special in itself. It's a great place to work and live. 
Come and see for yourself. Mayor Lindsay and 
8 million people couldn't be wrong. 
To be someone special, just send for our nursing 
brochure today. or call collect (212) 566-2990 


Professional Recruiting Unit 
Room 620. Dept. CN-to 
DEPARTMENT OF HOSPITALS 
125 Worth Street, New York, N.Y. 10013 
Please send me your brochure about nursing in 
New York City. 


NAME 


ADDRESS 


CITY STATE 
An Equal Opportunity Employer 



BRITISH COLUMBIA 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES (Twa) for active 66-bed 
hospital, with new hospital to open in 1968. 
Active in-service programme. Salary range $390 to 
$466 per month. Personnel pol iCles according to 
current RNASC contract. Hospital situated in beauti. 
ful East Kootenay! of British Columbia, with swim- 
ming, golfing and skiing facilities readily available. 
Apply to: The Director of Nursing, St. Eugene Hos- 
pital, Cranbrook, British Columbia. 2-15-1 


General Duty Nurse. for modern 85.bed hospital. 
Salary $390.00 to $
66.00. Recognition for experi- 
ence. Industry - gas, oil and agriculture. Situated 
60 miles from Peace River Dam Project. Apply: 
Director of Nursing, Providence Hospital, Fort St. 
John, B.C. 2-2
- I 


General Duty Nurse. for new 30-bed ho.pital 
located in excellent recreational area. Salary and 
personnel pol icies in accordance with RNABe. Com- 
lortoble Nurses' home. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Boundary Ho.pital. Grand Forks, Briti.h Columbia. 
2-27-2 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES - for 109-bed hospital in 
expanding Northwestern British Columbia City. Salary 
$
05 to $
81 for B.e. Registered Nurses with recogni. 
lion for experience. RNABC contract in effecl. Gradu. 
ole Nurses not registered in 8.C. paid $390. Benefils 
include comprehensive medical and pension plans. 
Travel allowance up 10 $60 refunded after one 
year's service. Comfortable modern residence accom- 
modation at $15 per month, meals at cost. Apply to: 
Director of Nursing. Prince Rupert General Hospital, 
551-51h Avenue Easl, Prince Rupert, a.e. 2.58-2A 


General Duty Nune. for well-equipped 63-bed gen. 
eral hospital in beautiful inland Volley adjacent 
Lake Kathlyn and Hudson Boy Glacier. Boaling, 
fishing, swimming, golfing, curling, skating, skiing. 
Salary $390 - $405. Maintenance $60.00, 40 hour - 
5 day week, Vacalion with pay - Comfortable, at- 
tractive nurses' residence. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Bulkley Volley District Hospilal, P.O. Box 
370, Smifhers, B.C. 2-67-1 


General Duty Nurse for 54-bed active hospital in 
norlhwestern 8.e. Salaries: a.e. Registered $
05, B.e. 
Non-Registered, $390, RNABC personnel policies 
in effect. Planned rotation. New residence, room and 
board: $55/m. T.V. and good social activities. 
Write: Director of Nursing, Box J297, Terrace, British 
Columbia. 2-70-2 


General Duty and Operating Roam Nurse. for 70 bed 
Acute General Hospilal on Pacific Coast. B.e. Regis- 
tered $390 - $466 per monlh (Credit for experience). 
Non 8.e. Registered $375 - Practical Nurses B.e. li- 
censed $273 - $311 per month. Non Regislered $253- 
$286 per month. Boord $20 per monlh, room $5.00 per 
month_ 20 paid holidays per year and 10 slatutory 
holidays after t year. Fore paid from Vancouver. 
Superannuation and medical plans. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, St. George'. Hospital, Alert Boy, British 
Columbia. 2.2- I A 


General Duty, O.R. and experienced Ob.tetrical 
Nurse. for modern, 150-bed haspilal located in the 
beautiful Fraser Volley. Personnel policies in ac- 
cordance wilh RNABe. Appl r. to: Director of Nursing, 
Chilliwack General Hospita, Chilliwack, 8ritish Co- 
lumbia. 2-13-1 


Generat Duty, Operating Room and Experienced 
Obstetrical Nurse. for 
3
-bed hospilal wilh .chool 
of nursing. Salary: $372-$
44. Credit for post ex- 
perience and postgraduate ,raining. 4O-"'r. wk. Stat. 
utory holidays. Annual increments; cumulative lick 
leave; pension pion; 28-daYI annual vacation; B.C. 
registration required. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Royal Columbian Ho.pital, New We.tminster, Briti.h 
Columbia. 2-73-13 


General Duty and Operafing Room Nurse. tor 
modern 
50-bed hospital with School of Nursing. 
RNABC policie. in effect. Credit for post experience 
and postgraduate training. British Columbia registra- 
tion required. For particulars write to: ,he Director of 
Nursing Service, St. Joseph's Hospitol, Victoria, Bri. 
tish Columbia. 2-76-5 


GRADUATE NURSES for 2
-bed ho.pilal, 35-mi. from 
Vancouver, on coast. salary and personnel prac. 
tices in accord with RNABC. Accommodation availa. 
ble. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital, 
Squamilh, British Columbia. 2-68. I 


GRADUATE NURSES: For permanent stoff or holiday 
relief. In active 164-bed acute General Hospital 
with full accreditation, located in the Columbia 
River Volley in southea.tern British Columbia. Un- 


60 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


I I 


BRITISH COLUMBIA 


limited social and sports activities including golf, 
tennis, swimming, skiing and curling. AO hour week: 
Starting salary after regislration $390 rising to $
66. 
Four weeks annual vacation, 10 statutory holidays, 
I 'I. days sick leave per month cumulative to 120 
days. Employer-employee participalion in medical 
coverage and superannuation. Residence accommoda. 
tion. For further information apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Trail-Tadanac Hospital, Trail, British Co- 
lumbia. 


Graduate Nune. for busy 21 -bed hospital, prefer- 
ably with ob,'e'rical experience. Friendly at- 
mosphere, beautiful beaches, local curling club. 
Own room and board $
O month Salary $390 for 
Gen. Duty Registered Nurses; Salary $375 for non- 
Registered Nurse, plus recognition for post graduate 
experience. Apply: Matron, T ofino General Hos. 
pital, Tofino, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. 
2.71.1 


PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES: B.C. Civil Service. Salary: 
$
76-$580 per monlh, cor provided. Interesfing and 
challenging professional service with opportunities for 
lransfer throughout beautiful B.C. Apply to: B.e. 
Civil Service Commission, 544 Michigan Street, 
VICTORIA, B.e. 
COMPETITION Na. 67:57. 2-76-7 


MANITOBA 


Regi.tered Nurse: Required for 50-bed general hospilal 
in Fort Churchill, Manitoba. Starting salary $500 per 
month. Return fare from Winnipeg refunded after one 
year's service. For particulars write to: Director of 
Nursing, General Hospilal, Fort Churchill, Manitoba. 
3.75-1 


Registered Nurse for 18-bed hospital at Vito, Manitoba, 
70 miles from Winnipeg. Doily bus service. Salary 
range $390 - $
75, with allowance for experience. 
40 hour week, 10 statutory holidays, 
 weeks paid 
vacation after one year. Full maintenance available 
for $50 per month. Apply: Malron, Vila District 
Hospital, Vito, Manitoba. 3-68-1 


Regi.tered Nurse and Licen.ed Practical Nune requir- 
ed for 10.bed hospital, 65 miles from Winnipeg, 
in the Whiteshell resort area. Salary range R.N. 
$405-$
80; L.P.N. $275.$310. Consideration given for 
past experience. Resident accommodation. For further 
information address enquiries to: Mrs. J. Everson, 
Matron, Whitemouth District Hospital, Whitemouth, 
Manitoba. 3-70.2 


Regi.tered Nurses and licen.ed Practical Nurse. 
required for 21-bed hospital at Rossburn, Maniloba. 
Salary: R.N:s-$395-$
80, L.P.N:s-$275-$315. Good 
personnel policies. For further information contact 
(Mrs.) A. M. Sti", D.O.N., Rossburn Medical Nurs- 
ing Unit, Rossburn, Manitoba. 3-
9-t 


REGISTERED NURSES fa. Gene.al Duty in 20.bed 
Hospital. Salary range $
05 to $
9O per monlh. Liv. 
ing accommodations available. Generous Personnel 
Policies. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Reston Com- 
munity Hospital, Reslon, Manitoba. 3.
6-2 A 


NOVA SCOTIA 


Case Room Supervi.ar wonted for I I I-bed Mater- 
nily Hospital. Apply: Director of Nursing, Groce 
Maternity Ho.pital, Halifax, Novo Scotia. 6-17-3 


REGISTERED NURSES for 53-bed medium and long- 
term active treatment hospital in a progressive city. 
Particulars on request. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Halifax Civic Hospital, 5938 University Avenue, Hali- 
fox, Novo SCalia. 6-17-10 A 


Regi.tered Nurse. for 21 -bed hospilal in pleasant 
communily - Eastern Shore of Novo Scotia. Apply: 
Superin'tendent, Eastern Shore Memorial Hospital, 
Sheet Harbour, Novo Scotia. 6-32-t 


Registered and G.aduate Nu.... fa. General Duty. 
New hospital with all modern conveniences. also, 
new nurses. residence available. South Shore Com- 
munity. Apply to: Superintendant, Queens General 
Hospital, Liverpool, Novo Scotia. 6-20- I 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Positions available for 
Regi.tered Qualified General Duty Nurse. for 138. 


I I 


NOVA SCOTIA 


bed active treatment hospital. Residence accom- 
modation available. Applications and enquiries will 
be received by:: Director of Nursing, Blanchard-Fraser 
Memorial Hospital, Kenlville, Novo Scotia. 6-19-1 


ONTARIO 


Regi.tered Nune and Technician required for O.R. 
Deportment of 81.bed hospital. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, Alexandra Marine and General Hospital, 
Goderich, Ontario. 7-51.1 


Regi.tered Nune. fQr 3
.bed hospital, min. salary 
$415 with regular annual increments to maximum 
of $
95. 3.wk. vocation with pay; sick leave after 
6-mo. service. All Stoff - 5 day 
O.hr. wk., 9 
.tatutary holidays, pension plan and other benefil', 
Apply to: Superintendenf, Englehart & Di.trict HOI- 
pital, Englehart, Ontario. 7-40-1 


REGISTERED NURSES (IMMEDIATELY) for a new 40- 
bed hospital. Nurses' residence - private rooms with 
both - $20 per monlh. Minimum salary $
15 plus 
experience allowance, A semi-annual increments. 
Reply to: The Director of Nursing, Geraldton District 
Hospital, Geraldton, Ontario. 7-50.1 A 


REGISTERED NURSES required for lDO-bed hospital in 
Ihe Model Town of the North. All usual fringe 
benefits available and a limited amount of living-in 
accommodation. Salary range for general duty nurses 
$
15 - $
85 depending on qualifications and ex. 
perience. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Sen.enbren. 
ner Hospital, Kapuskasing, Ontario. 7-62.1 


Regist.red Nurses. Applications and enquiries or. 
invited for general duly positions on the .taff of the 
Manilouwadge General Hospital. Excellent .alary 
and fringe benefits. Liberal policies regarding ac- 
commodation and vacation. Modern well-equipped 
33-bed hospilal in new mining town, about 250.mi. 
east of Port Arthur and north-west of White River, 
Ontario. Pop. 3,500. Nurses' residence comprises indi- 
vidual self-conlained opts. Apply, .taling qualifica. 
tions, experience, age. marital status, phone number, 
etc. to the Administrator, General Hospital, Mani- 
touwadge, Onlario. Phone 826-3251 7-74-1 A 


REGISTERED NURSES required immediately for 53- 
bed hospilal. Minimum salary $
15. Three weeks 
vacation, pension, life and medical insurance, 8 
statutory holidays, 
O hour week. Air, roil and rood 
communication. Northern hospitality. Apply to: Direc. 
tor of Nurses, Porcupine General Hospital, South 
Porcupine, Onto 7.123-1 


Experienced Regi.tered Nurse: 8-bed Company Hos. 
pital and community health service at Norman 
Wells, Northwest Territories. Starting salary up to 
$
50.00. Excellent accommodation and meal. provid- 
ed. Transportation to Norman Wells and return after 
twelve months' service. For full particulars apply: 
Medical Direcfor, Imperial Oil Limited, I t I St. Clair 
Avenue West, Toronto 7, Ontario. 


Regi.tered Nurse. for 18-bed (expanding to 36-bed) 
General Hospital in Mining and Resort town of 5,
 
people. Beautifully located on Wawa Lake, I
O mIles 
norlh of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Wide variety of 
summer and winter sports including swimming, boat- 
ing, fishing, golfing. skating, curling ond bowling. 
Six churches of differenl faiths. Salaries comparable 
wilh all northern hospitals. Limited bed and board 
available at reasonable rate. Excellent personnel 
policies, pleasant working .conditions. HEAD NURSE 
with some formal preparation and/or adequate ex. 
perience. Apply to: Director of Nursing, The La
y 
Dunn General Hospital, Box 179, Wawa, Ontatlo. 
7-1
0-IB 


Regist.red Nurses and Register.d Nuning Aisistants 
for lOO-bed General Hospital, situated in Northern 
Ontario. Salary range $
 15 - $
55 per month, RNA's 
$273 _ $317 per month, shift differential, annu
1 
increments, 
O hour week, OHSC and P.S.I. plans In 
effect. Accommodation available in residence if 
desired. For full particulars apply to: The Director 
of Nurse., Lady Minto Hospital, Cochrane, Ontario. 
7.30.1 B 


Regi.tered Nurse. and Registered Nursing As.istanh 
for t60-bed accredited hospital. Slarring salary $
 15 
and $285 respectively wilh regular annual incre- 
ments for both. Excellent personnel policies. Resid. 
ence accommodation available. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Kirkland & Di.trict Hospital, Kirkland Lake, 
Ontario. 7-öl.1 


AUGUST 1967 



ST. JOSEPH'S 
SCHOOL 
OF NURSING 


TORONTO 


requires 
TEACHERS 


For their 2 year programme 
which will commence in Septem- 
ber 1967. 


Qualifications: University prepa- 
ration required. 
Salary commensurate with pre- 
paration and experience. 


Apply immediately to: 
The Director 


ST. JOSEPH'S SCHOOL OF NURSING 


50 Sunnyside Avenue 
Toronto 3, Ontario 


OPERATING ROOM 
SUPERVISOR 


Required for a 270-bed General 
Hospital with construction of a 
new hospital due for completion 
in 1967, increasing the bed ca- 
pacity to 450. Included in the 
new hospital will be the most 
modern operating room complex 
based on the Friesen Concept of 
material and equipment supply. 
Excellent fringe benefits with 
generous sick leave, four weeks 
vacation and contributory pen- 
sion plan. 


For further information write: 


Director of Nursing Service 


BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Belleville, Ontario 


AUGUST 1967 



 
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NURSES: 
Are you looking for the ideal place 
to practice your profession 1 


THE CLEVELAND CLINIC HOSPITAL 


may be your answer! 


The Cleveland Clinic Hospital offers excellent 
continuing education and orientation programs 
in the newest nursing specialties. Unusual 
fringe benefits include tuition-free university 
classes immediately, time-and-one-half for 
overtime. And low-cost apartment living is 
available adjacent to the Cleveland Clinic 
Hospital. 
STAFF NURSE POSITIONS: 
Medical-surgical; medical intensive care; 
surgical intensive care; operating room; 
psychiatry; pediatrics; cardiovascular; 
artificial organs. 
If you're interested in a team that's interested 
in you, clip and send this little coupon. And, if 
you'd like to tell us more about yourself, you 
might enclose a note. In any case. we'd love 
to hear from you. 


p--------------------------
 
. THE CLEVELAND CLINIC HOSPITAL · 
. 2050 East 93rd Street, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 . 
. . 
. 0 Please send information on nursing at The Cleveland Clinic Hospital . 
. 0 Please send an application form . 
. Name · 
· Address · 
. . 
. City State Zip Code . 

--------------------------
 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 61 



ONTARIO 


Regi.t.red Nurs.. and Registered Nur.ing A..i.tants 
(immediately} for 32-bed ho.pital in noMhwestern 
Ontario. Please apply to: Director of Nursing, Ati. 
kokan General Hospital, Atikokan, Ontario. 7.5.1 


Registered Nurses and Regist.red Nursing Assistants 
are invited to make application to our 7S-bed, 
modern General Hospital. You will be in the Vaca- 
tionland of the North, midway between the Lakehead 
and Winnipeg, Manitoba. Basic wage for Registered 
Nurses i. $408 and for Registered Nursing Assistants 
is $285 with yearly increments and consideration for 
e)Cperience. Write or phone: The Director of Nursing, 
Dryden Di.trict General Ho.pital, DRYDEN, Ontario. 
7-26-1 A 


Regist.red Nurses and Registered Nurlin9_ Alsistants. 
Starling Salary for R.N. is $415 and for R.N.A. is $300. 
Allowance for experience. Excellent fringe benefits. 
Write: Mrs G. Gordon, Superintendent. Nipigon Dis- 
trict Memorial Hospital, Box 37, Nipigon, Ontario. 
7.B7.1 


Registered Nurse and Regist.red Nursing ASlistan" 
in modern 100-bed hospital, situated 40 miles from 
Ottawa. Excellent personnel pol icies. Residence 
accommodotion availoble. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Smiths Falls Public Hospital, Smiths Falls, 
Ontario. 7-120-2A 


Registered or Groduat. Nurses, required for modern 
92-bed hospital. Residence accommodation $20 month- 
ly. Overseas nurses welcome. Lovely old Scali ish 
Town near Ottawa. Apply: Director of Nursing, The 
Great War Memorial Hospital, Perth, Ontario. 7-100-2 


Gen.rol Stoff Nurse. and Regi.ter.d Nursing A..i.. 
tants are required for a modern, well-equipped General 
Hospital currenlly expanding to 167 beds. Situated in 
a progressive community in South Western Ontario, 30 
miles from Windsor-Detroit Border. Salary scaled to 
experience and qualifications. Excellent employee 
benefits and working conditions plus an opportunity 
fa work in a Patient Centered Nursing Service. Write 
for further information to: Miss Patricia McGee, B. 
Sc.N., Reg.N. Director of Nursing, Leamington District 
Memoria' Hospital, Leamington, Ontario. 7-69-1 A 


Registered Nu.... for G.n.ral Duty in well.equipped 
28-bed hospital, located in growing gold mining 
and tourist area, north of Kenora, Ontario. Modern 
residence with individual rooms; room, board and 
uniform laundry only $50/m, 40-hr. wk., no split shift, 
cumulative sick time, 8 statutory holidays and 28 
day paid vocation after one year. Starting salary 
$430. Apply to: Matron, Margaret Cochenour Memo. 
rial Hospital, Cochenour, Ontario. 7-29-1 


Regi.tered G.neral Duty Nurse. required for 81.bed 
hospital. Salary rang. $400.$445 per month accord- 
ing to experience and qualifications. Residence ac- 
commodation available. Attractive new hospital, good 
working conditions. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Alexandra Morin. and General Hospital, Goderich, 
Ontario. 7.51-1 A 


REGISTERED NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active 
accredited well equipped 28-bed hospital. 30 miles 
from Ottowa. Residence accommodation. Good per- 
sonnel policies. Apply to: Administratrix, Kemptville 
District Hospital, Kemplvil/e, Ontario. 7-63-1 


R.gi.tered Nurse. for General Duty in tOO.bed hos. 
pital, located 30-mi. from Ollawa, are urgently reo 
quired. Good personnel policies, accommodation 
available in new .taff residence. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, District Memorial Hospital, Winchester, On- 
torio. 7-144.1 


Regist.red Nurse. for Gen.rat Staff and Operating 
Room. Accredited 235.bed, modern, General Hospital. 
Good personnel policies. Beginning .alary $400 per 
month, recognition for experience, annual bonus plan. 
Planned in-service programs. Assistance with trans- 
portation. Apply: Director of Nursing, Sudbury Me- 
morial Hospital, Regent Street, S., Sudbury, Ontario. 
7.127-4 A 


G.n.ral Duty Nurse. for 66-bed General Hospital. 
Starting salary: $405/m. Excellent personnel policies. 
Pension plan, life insurance, etc., residence accom- 
modation. Only 10 min. from downtown 8uffalo. 
Apply: Director of Nursing, Douglas Memorial Ho.. 
pilal, Fort Erie, Ontario. 7-45-1 


General Duty Nurses, Certifi.d Nursing A..i.tants & 
Op.rating Room T.chnician (1) for new 50-bed ho.- 
pital with modern equipment, 40-hr. wk., 8 statutory 
holidays, excellent personnel policies & opportunity 
for advancement. Tourist town on Georgian Boy. 
Good bUI connections to Toronto. Apply to: Director 
of Nurse., General Ho.pital, Meaford, Ontario. 7-79.t 


62 THE CANADIAN NlJRSE 


I I 


ONTARIO 


G.n.ral Duty Nurs.. for 100-bed modern hospital. 
So\...thwestern Ontario, 32 mi. from London. Solary 
commensurate with experience and ability; $398/m 
bosic salary. Pension plan. Apply giving full par- 
tlculors to: The Director of Nurses, District Memorial 
Ho.pitol, Tillsonburg, Ontario. 7-131-1 


OPERATING ROOM NURSES (2) for a fully aC- 
credited 70-bed General Hospital. For Operating 
Room Duty. Solary according to experience. Apply to: 
O.R. Supervisor, Penetanguishene General Hospital, 
Pen...tanguishene, Ontario. 7-99.2 


Operating Room Nurses, General Duty Nurses, and 
Regiltered Nursing Assistants required immediately 
for employment in on Accredited 100-bed Active 
Treatment Hospital in Picton, Ontario. Most attractive 
salary range and fringe benefits. Please apply stat- 
ing age, ond experience to the Director of Nursing, 
Prince Edward County Memorial Hospital, Picton, 
Ontario. 


Qualified Public Health Nunes required for expand- 
ing generalized program in leading resort area. 
Attractive salary ranges, fringe benefits, and travel 
allowance. For full details please contact: W. H. 
Bennell, M.D., D.P.H., Medical Officer of Health, 
Muskoka and District Health Unit, Box 1019, 8roce- 
bridge, Ontario. 7-15-2 


Public Health Nune. - General program, salary 
range $5,030 to $6, I 48 plus cost of living bonus, 
presently 3%. Starting salary related to experience. 
Generous car allowance, cumulative sick leave 
month vocation. Employer shored O.M.E.R.S. and 
Canada Pension Plan, medical and hospital insurance. 
Apply to: Dr. E.G. Brown, M.O.H., Kent County 
Health Unit, Chatham, Ontario. 7-24-4 


Public Health Nurse. (qualified). Salary $5,100- 
$6,350. Cor allowance, employer-shored OMERS 
Pension Plan, Hospital, Surgical and Medical Plans, 
Group Life Plan, sick leave credits, .4 weeks' voca- 
tion and other benefits. Apply to: Mr. A.F. Stewart, 
Secretory-Treasurer, Wentworth County Health Unit, 
Court House, Hamilton, Ontario. 7-55-1.4 


PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES for scenic urban and rural 
health unit, close to the Capitol City in the Upper 
Ollawa Volley Tourist Area. Good summer and 
winter recreational facilities. Personnel policies pre- 
sently under review. Direct enquiries to: Dr. R.V. 
Peters, Director, Renfrew County Health Unit, 169 
William Street, Pembroke, Ontario. 7.9B-2 A 


Public Health Nurses for generalized programme in 
a County-City Health Unit. Salary schedule $5,400 
to $6,600 per annum. 20 days vocation. Employer 
shared pension plan, P.S.I. and hospitalization. 
Mileage allowance or unit cars. Apply to: Miss 
Veronica O'Leary, Supervisor of Public Health Nurs- 
ing, Peterbarough County-City Health Unit, P.O. 
80x 246, Peterborough, Ontario. 7.101-4A 


Public Health Nurs. (qualified), for generalized 
program. Salary range $5,200 - $6,400 according 
to experience. Salaries negotiated annually. Person- 
nel policies on request. Apply in writing to Miss 
Beafrice Walley, Supervisor of Public Heelth Nursing, 
Waterloo County Health Unit, 109 Argyle Street S., 
Preston, Ontario. 


Public Health Nurs.. for Health Unit in NoMhern 
Ontario. Generalized Program. Good salary and 
personnel policies. Apply: Supervisor of Nurses, 
Porcupin. Health Unit, Timmins, Ontario. 7-132-2 


QUEBEC 


Regi.tered Nurse. for 30.bed General Hospital. Hun- 
tingdon is a small manufacturing town 50 miles 
from centre of Montreal. There are excellent social 
and recreational facilities. Salaries as approved by 
CHIS. Annual vocation 4 weeks, accumulated sick 
leave. Blue Cross paid. Bonus for permanent night 
shift. Full maintenance available for $43.50 per 
month. Apply:: Mrs. D. Howley, R.N., Huntingdon 
County Hospital, Huntington, Quebec. 9-29-1 


OPERATING ROOM STAFF NURSES: (applications are 
invited). In a modern 350-bed hospital. Salarie. 
commensurate with experience and postgraduate 
education. Cumulative sick leave, 28 days annual 
vacation, retirement plan and other liberal fringe 
benefits. Apply: Director of Nursing Service, St. 
Mary'. Ho.pital, 3830 Lacombe Avenue, Montreal 
2
 Que
. .
4
39A 


I I 


SASKATCHEWAN 


Director of Nu.... required for 18.bed hospital with 
a medical staff of two. Living in accommodotion 
suite in modern residence. Sick leave, pension plan, 
personnel policies and other fringe benefi
s
 Pro- 
gressive town between Regina and Saskatoon 
with all transportation services. Salory open to 
negotiotion. Enquiries should include experience, 
qualifications and salory expected and address to: 
The Administrator, Dovidson Union Hospital, Box 
460 Davidson, Saskotche'fan. 10-23.) 


MATRON and GRADUATE NURSES required for B-bed 
hospital in Southern Sask. Salary range - Matron 
$429 - $544; Graduate Nurse $374 - $474. Qualifica- 
tions and experience considered. Three weeks va- 
cation plus statutory hol idays and 40 hour week. 
Personnel policies on request. Apply to: Mrs. D.L. 
Knops, Sec.-Treas., Rockglen Union Hospital, Rock. 
glen, Saskatchewan. 10-110-1 


R.gistered Nurs.. and C.rtifi.d Nursing A..i.tants 
for 750-bed hospital, close to downtown. Building 
and expansion program in progress. SRNA recom- 
mended salaries in effect. Experience recognized. 
Progressive personnel policies. Apply: Nursing Re- 
cruitement Officer, Regina General Hospital, Regino, 
Saskatchewan. 


G.neral Duty Nunes urgently needed for 41-bed 
hospitol at lie å la Crosse, northern Saskatchewan. 
Hospital allractively localed on Lake Side and ser- 
viced by highway. Salary as per recommended 
schedule plus generous northern allowance. Board 
and meals can be provided at the hospital at low 
rate. Applications to be sent to the Administrotor, 
St. Joseph's Hospital, lie à 10 Crosse, Saskatche- 
wan. 10-48- J 


General Duty and Operating R_m Nurs.., 01.0 
C.rtified Nursing A..i.tants for 560.bed University 
Hospital. Salary commensurate with experience and 
preparations. Excellent opportunities to engage in 
progressive nursing. Apply: Director of Personnel, 
University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskafchewan. 
10.Jl6-4A 


UNITED STATES 


REGtSTERED NURSES - CALIFORNIA Progressive hos- 
pital in Son Joaquin Valley has openings for R.N.'s. 
Located between Son Francisco and Los Angeles near 
mountain, ocean and desert resorts. Paid vocation, 
paid sick leave, paid Blue Cross, disability insurance, 
voluntary retirement plan. Salary range from $500 to 
$700 monthly. Write: Personnel Director, Mercy Hos- 
pital, Bakersfield, California. 15-5-58A 


REGISTERED NURSES - for sunny California. Excit- 
ing expansion program requires nurses for all serv- 
ices-Maternity, I.C.U., Specialized Surgery, etc. Excel- 
lent orientation and in-service programs. Promotional 
opportunities for Head Nurses and Supervisors. Con- 
genial atmosphere where progress begins with pa- 
lient care. Salary $550 to $650 for Stoff Nurses. 
Good shift differential and fringe benefits. "Come 
grow with us". Mr. Ken Clarke, R.N. - Director of 
Nursing Services, Greater 8akersfield Memorial Hos- 
pital, P.O. Box 1888, Bakersfield, California 93303. 
Write or call 805 - 327-1792. 15-5-5A 


REGISTERED NURSES - Southern California - Op. 
portunities available - 368-bed modern hospital in 
Medical-Surgical, Labor and Delivery, Nursery, Oper- 
ating Room and Intensive and Coronary Core Units. 
Good salary and liberal fringe benefits. Continuing 
inservice education program. Located 10 miles from 
Los Angeles near skiing, swimming, cultural and edu- 
cational facilities. Temporary living accommodations. 
Apply: Director of Nursing Service, Saint Joseph 
Hospital, Burbank, California 91503. 15-5-63 


Registered Nurses, Career satisfaction, interest and 
professional growth unlimited in modern, JCAH ac- 
credited 243-bed hospital. Located in one of Califor- 
nia's finest areas, recreational, educational and cul- 
tural advantages are yours as well oS wonderful 
year-round climate. If this combination is what 
you're looking for, contact uS now!Staff nurse en- 
trance salary $575-$600 per month; increa.es to 
$700 per month; supervisory positions at highest 
rate.. Special area and shift differentials to $454. per 
month. Excellent benefits include free health and 
life insurance, retirement, credit union and liberal 
personnel pol icies. Professional stoff appointments 
available in all clinical areas to those eligible for 
California licensure. Write today: Director of Nursing, 
Eden Hospital. 20103 Lake Chabot Rood, Castro Vol- 
ley, California. 15.5-12 


AUGlJST 1967 



l 
.. 


ST. JOSEPH'S GENERAL HOSPITAL 


PORT ARTHUR, ONTARIO 
In June 1967 the opening of the new addition to the 1960 wing will complete 
our 250-bed modern hospital. Applications are invited for the following Services: 
Surgical, Medical, Pediatrics, Rehabilitation, and Intensive Core. 


HEAD NURSES for 
3 NURSING UNITS 


REGISTERED NURSES 


--- 


'1 


REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 


HEAD NURSE for o. R. 


B.Se.N. with experience 
preferred 


- I .' 
-1"!r. 
',rr !- 
,._r ! 
ï . 


ORDERLIES 


I 


I 


Salary Commensurate with 
qualifications and 
experience 


- --... 


Planned Orientation 
Continuing Inservice 
Education 


- 


-.!I 


Excellent Personnel Policies 


Opportunity to continue education at lakehead University 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing Service 
ST. JOSEPH'S GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Port Arthur, Ontario, Canada. 


II........ 
'11.... .,." 
" .. . . . .' I! 
I,.. . . .'. . I 
- I......... 
'I....... II 
'........, 
II........ 
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--- 
- 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


...
 


. I 


Required for Sanatorium, presently developing into 
a Three point program of patient core; 


.. 


1. TUBERCULOSIS 


THE SCARBOROUGH 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


2. CHRONIC CONVALESCENT 


3. MENT ALLY DEFICIENT CHILDREN 


Invites applications from Generol Duty Nurses. Excellent personnel 
policies. An active and stimulating In-Service Education and 
Orientafion Programme. A modern Management Troining Pro- 
gramme to assist the coreer-minded nurse fo ossume managerial 
positions. Salary is commensurate with experience and ability. We 
encourage you to take advantoge of the opportunities offered in 
fhis new and expanding hospital with ifs extended services in 
Paediatrics, Orthopaedics, Psychiatry, Cardiology, Operafing Room, 
Emergency, and Intravenous Therapy. 


This will be a challenging opportunity for someone 
with Administrative experience. Salary to be ne- 
gotiated, full benefit program in effect. 


Apply to: 


For further information write to: 
Director of Nursing 
Scarborough Ceneral Hospital 
Scarborough 
Metropolitan Toronto, Ontario 


Dr. Bruce H. Hopkins 
Medical Director 


ONGWANADA SANATORIUM 


790 Princess Street 
Kingston, Ontario 


AUGUST 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 63 



UNITED STATES 


REGISTERED NURSES: Excellent opportunity for ad- 
vancement in Dtmosphere of medicol excellence. Pro- 
gressive patient core including Intensive. Core and 
Cardiac Core Units. Finely equipped growIng 2oo-bed 
suburban community hospital on Chicago's beautiful 
North Shore. Modern, furnished apartments are 
available for single professional women. Oth
r 
fnnge benefits include paid vDc
!ion ofter SIX 
months paid life insurance, 50% tUition refund and 
stoff d
velopment program. 5alary range from $550- 
$660 per month plus shift differential. Contact: 
Donald L. Thompson, R.N., Director of Nursing, 
Highland Pork Hospital, Highland Pork, Illinois 
60035. J 5-14-3C 


Regist.red Nurses and Certified Nursing Alsistantl. 
Opening in several oreas, all shifts. Every other week. 
end off, in small community hospital 2 miles from 
80ston. Rooms available. Hospital paid life insurance 
and other liberal fringe benefits. RN salary $100 per 
week, plus differential of $20 for 3- 1 1 p.m. and 
11-7 a.m. shifts. CN. A..'ts. $80 weekly plus $10 for 
3.11 p.m. and 11-7 a.m. shifts. Musr read, write, 
and speak English. Write: Miss Byrne, Director of 
Nurses, Chelsea Memorial Hospital, Chelsea, Mos. 
sachusetts 02150. 15-22.1 C 


I I 


UNITED STATES 


Registered Nurses: For ICAH General Accredited 
409-bed hospital in the heart of exciting New York 
City. Liberal benefits include four week vocation 
ofter one year; $2000. Life insurance; Blue Cross 
and Blue Shield; etc. Salary commensurate with 
experience. Excellent opportunities for advancement. 
Apply to; Personnel Director, St. Clore's Hospital 
415 W. 51st Street, New York, N.Y. loot9 t5-33-1I 


STAFF NURSES: University of Washington. 320-bed 
modern, expanding Teaching DI1d Research Hospital 
located on campus offers you on opportunity to 
join the stoff in one of the following specialties: 
Clinical Research, Premature Center, Open Heart 
Surgery, Physical Medicine, Orthopedics, Neurosur. 
gery, Adult and Child Psychiatry in addition to 
the General Services. Salary: $501 to $576. Unique 
benefit program includes free University courses after 
six months. For information on opportunities, write 
to: Mrs. Ruth Fine. Director of Nursing Services, 
University Hospital, t9S9 N.E. Pacific Avenue, 
Seallle, Washington 98105. 15-48.2D 


NIGHT NURSE? 


University Hospitol is pleased to announce that sfarting pay for night 
nUrses now ranges from $30.00 to $33.00 per shift ($7,830 to $8,613 
for un unnuul starting salury)--depending on education and experience. 
After 4 years service, night nurse salaries range up to $9,396.00 
per yeur. The base pay for permonent evening and rotafing fours 
has als<rbeen increased plus excellent University Staff benefits are 
offered to all nurses. 
Universify Hospital has a Service Department which assigns frained 
persannel to handle paperwork and other non-nursing chores, 
relieving our nurses for patient care exclusively. 
Ann Arbor is nationally known as a Center of Culture with emphasis on 
art, music and drama---ond recognized as an exciting and desirable 
community in which to live. 
Write to Mr. George A. Higgins, A6001, University Hospital, 
University of Michigan Medical Cenfer, Ann Arbor, Michigan for 
more information, or phone collect (313) 764-3175. 
We are an Equal Opportunity Employer 
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 
MEDICAL CENTER, ANN ARBOR 


64 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


THE MONCTON 
HOSPITAL 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 


requires a 


MEDICAL SURGICAl NURSING INSTRUCTOR 
PAEDIATRIC NURSING INSTRUCTOR 
PHYSICAL SCIENCE INSTRUCTOR 
OPERATING ROOM nlNICAl INSTRUCTOR 


Salary commensurate with qual- 
ifications and experience with 
all fringe benefits. 


Apply in writing, giving full 
particulars to: 


Director of Nursing 


THE MONCTON HOSPITAL 


Moncton r New Brunswick 


DIRECTOR 
Of NURSING SERVICE 


The Belleville General Hospital 
requires a Director of Nursing 
Service to be responsible for the 
administration of all nursing ser- 
vice activities. 


The hospital presently has a ca- 
pacity of 300 beds and will in- 
crease to a total of 450 beds in 
about one year, upon completion 
of a construction programme. 
The design incorporates a central 
Supply Process Dispatch system. 
Applicants should have a degree 
in nursing service administration 
as well as considerable expe- 
rience in a similar position. 
Applications and enquiries 
should be addressed to: 
Philip Rickard, Secretary 
Edith Cavell Regional 
School of Nursing 
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Belleville, Ontario. 


AUGUST 1967 



This 


. 
15 


a 


little Eskimo boy 


Sometime during the next year. 
he might fall and hurt himself- 
or get measles or pneumonia. 


... 


He will need the care of a nurse. 


'"'- 


A good nurse. 


Maybe you? 


Registered hospital and public health nurses, certified nursing assistants, 
for further information write to: 
MEDICAL SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE, OTTAWA, CANADA. 


ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING 


VICTORIA HOSPITAL 


LONDON, ONTARIO 


Applications are invited for the 
above position in a fully ac- 
credited 163-bed General Hos- 
pital in beautiful Northern On- 
tario. 


Modern 1,000-bed hospital 
Requires 
Registered Nurses for 
all services 
and 


Desirable qualifications should 
include B.S.N. Degree with ex- 
perience in supervision. 


Registered 
Nursing Assistants 


For further information, 
Write to: 


40 hour week - Pension plan 
- Good salaries and Personnel 
Policies. 


Apply: 


Director of Nursing 


Director of Nursing 


KIRKLAND and DISTRICT HOSPITAL 


VICTORIA HOSPITAL 


Kirkland Lake, Ontario. 


London, Onto 


AUGUST 1967 


OSHA W A 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES FOR 
ALL DEPARTMENTS 


Starting salary for Ontario Regis- 
tered nurses $400 with 5 annual 
increments to $480 per month. 
Credit for acceptable previous 
service - one increase for two 
years, two increases for four or 
more years. 
Non-registered - $360.00 
Rotating periods of duty - 3 
weeks vacation - 8 statutory 
holidays. 
One day's sick credit per month 
beginning in the 7th month of 
service cumulative to 45 days. 
Pension Plan and Group life 
Insurance - Hospital pays 50% 
of Medical, Blue Cross and Hos- 
pital Insurance premiums. 
Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
OSHAWA GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Oshawa, Ontario 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 65 



SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 
COOKSVILLE, ONTARIO 


REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSIST ANTS 


For all Departments and a new Psychi- 
atric wing. 
Subsidized employee benefifs and good 
personnel policies in effect. 
Modern, furnished aparfmenls available. 


For information and application, 
please write to: 
Director of Nursing 
SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 
Cooksville, Ontario 


REGISTERED NURSES 


Medical, Surgical and 
Infensive Core Units at 


VICTORIA VETERAN'S HOSPITAL 
Victoria, B.C. 
and 
SHAUGHNESSY HOSPITAL 
Vancouver, B.C. 
Excellenf working condifions and benefifs. 
Starfing salaries $4,500 and $4,650 a 
year, rising to $5,300 a year. 


Apply immediately to: 
Personnel Officer 
VICTORIA VETERAN'S HOSPITAL 
Victoria, B.C. 
OR 
Personnel Officer 
SHAUGHNESSY HOSPITAL 
Vancouver 9, B.C. 


CATHERINE BOOTH HOSPITAL 


Requires 
REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


for new aO.bed hospifal in west-end 
Montreal. 
Openings in: Obsfetrics 
Gynaecology 
General Surgery 
Planned orientotion ond active Inservice 
program. Solories in occordance with 
QH/S. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
CATHERINE BOOTH HOSPITAL 
4375 Montclair Ave., 
Montreal 28, Que. 


66 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


UNITED STATES 


REGISTERED NURSES Opportunities available at 

 15-bed hospital in MedIcal-Surgical, Labor and 
Delivery, Intensive Care, Operating Room and Psy. 
chiotry. No rototion of shift, good salary, evening 
and nighl differentials, liberal fringe benefits. 
Temporary living accommodations available. Apply: 
Miss Dolores Merrell, R.N., Personnel Director, Queen 
of Angels Hospital, 2301 Bellevue Avenue, Los 
Angeles 26, California. 15.5.3G 


REGISTERED NURSES: Mount Zion Hospital and Me. 
dical Center's increased salory scoles now double our 
ettraction for nurses who find they con afford to live 
by the Golden Gote. Expansion has created vacancies 
for stoff and specialty assignments. Address enquiry 
to: Personnel Deportment, 1600 Divisadero Street, San 
Francisco, California 9
 115. An equal opportunity 
employer. 15-5.4C 


REGISTERED NURSES: 250.bed General Hospital, ex- 
panding to AOO, located in Son Francisco, California. 
Positions on all shifts for nurses in Intensive Care 
Unit, Operating Room, and General Staff Duty. 
Salary range $600-$700. Health and Life Insurance, 
Retirement Program - all hospilal paid. Liberal 
holiday and vacation benefits. Accredited medical 
residencies in Medicine, General Surgery, Neuro 
Surgery, Orthopedics, and Plastic Surgery. For fur- 
ther information write to: Miss Lois John, Director 
of Nursing, Franklin Hospital, I
th and Noe Streets, 
San Francisco, California. 15-5-
A 


REGISTERED NURSES - SAN FRANCISCO Children's 
Hospital and Adult Medical Center hospilal for men, 
women and children. California registration required. 
Opportunities in all clinical areas. Excellent salaries. 
differentials for evenings and nights. Holidays, voca- 
tions, sick leave, life insurance, health insurance and 
employer
paid pension-plan. Applications and details 
furnished on request. Contact Personnel Director, Chil- 
dren's Hospital, 3700 Cal ifornia Street, Son Francisco 
18, California. 15-5.
 


REGtSTERED NURSES NEEDED: for tO
-bed General 
Hospital. California registered nurses for P. M. and 
night. Starting salary $560 up per month. Duplex on 
hospital ground of low rent. Liberal Personnel 
policies. Tulare - Mid-way between Los Angeles 
and 5an Francisco. Contact: Administrator, Tulare 
District Hospital, Tulare, California. 15-5-

 A 


REGtSTERED NURSES - General Duty for 8
-bed 
JCAH hospital 1'1:. hours from San Francisco, 2 
hours from the Lake Tahoe. Starting sólary $6oo/m. 
with differentials. Apply: Director of Nurses, Mem- 
orial Hospital, Woodland, Cal ifornia. 15-5-
9B 


StaH Duty positions (Nur.es) in private 
03.bed 
hospital. Liberal personnel policies and salary. Sub. 
stantial differential for evening and night duty. 
Write: Personnel Director, Hospifal of The Good 
Samarilan, 12t2 Shatto Street, Los Angeles 17, 
California. 15-5.3B 


Stoff Nurses needed for care of orthopedically han- 
dicapped children. Modern building and equipment. 
Salary $550 per month plus attractive fringe bene- 
fits. Living Quarters available. Write: Eleanor 
Baird, Shriners Hospital, 3160 Geneva Street, Los 
Angeles, California. 15.5.3-0 


NURSES - ALL SHIFTS, ALL DEPTS. New Accredited 
99.bed Hospital. Starting Salary $600 month, Plus 
Differential, Liberal Benefits - Contact Director 
of Nurses, Viewpark Community Hospital, 5035 
Coliseum St., Los Angeles, California 90016 15.5-3M 


Nur.es for new 75-bed General Hospital. Resort 
area. Ideal cI imate. On beautiful Pacific ocean. 
Apply to: Director of Nurses, 50uth Coast Com- 
munity Hospital, South Laguna, California. 15-5.50 


Profellionat Nunes - for immediate openings in 
27
.bed general hospital. Liberal fringe benefits. 
Enjoy interesting, challenging position in the ideal 
climate of Santa Monica Bay. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, Santo Monico Hospital, 1250, Sixteenth 
Slreel, Santa Monica, California. 15-5.
0 


REGISTERED NURSES: for 75.bed air.conditioned 
hospital, grawing community. Starting salary $330 
S365/m. fringe benefits, vocation, sick leave, holi- 
days. lif. insurance, hospitalization. 1 meal furnish- 
ed. Write: Administrator, Hendry General Hospital, 
Clewistan, Florida. 15.tO-1 


I I 


UNITED STATES 


Wonted Generol Duty Nurse.. Applications now 
being token for nursing positions in a new addi. 
tion to the existing hospital including surgery, cen- 
tral sterile and supply, general duty. Salary $550 
per month plus fringe benefits. Contact: Director of 
Nurses, Alamosa Community Hospital Alamosa, 
Colorado. 15-6-1 


GENERAL DUTY AND LICENSED PRACTICAL NURSES: 
115-bed JCAH hospital on shores of Lake Okeecho- 
bee. liberal personnel policies; starting salary for 
RN's. $525 (for LPN's $375) with 10% differenlia' 
for each group evenings and nights. Free meals; 
nurses' residence available. Apply: Director of 
Nurses, Glades General Hospital, Belle Glade, Flo. 
rida 33
30. 15-1O.3A 


TEAM LEADER opportunities in North Miomi. The 
newly expanded 372.bed North Miami General 
Hospital needs evening and night Registered Nurse 
team leaders for its Medical-Surg ical Units. Salaries 
are $602-$628 per month depending upon experience. 
North Miami General is a fully accredited five 
year old hospital with liberal fringe benefits and 
a continuing education program for Registered Nurses. 
For a descriptive brochure and hospital policies 
write: North Miami General Hospital, North Miami, 
Florida. J. Larry Sims, Administrative Assistant. An 
equal opportunity employer. 15-10-2 A 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES. Salary, days $500.$550; 
p.m. $525.$575; nights $520-$570 per month. In- 
creases January I, 1967. Excellent benefits. 230-bed 
regional referral General Hospital with intensive 
core and coronary units. Postgraduate classes avail- 
able at two universities. Extensive intern and resi- 
dent teaching program. Hospital located adjacent to 
Northwest's largest private clinic. Free housing first 
month. Canadian trained nurses with psychiatric 
affiliation please write: Personnel Director, Virginia 
Mason Hospital, It It Terry Avenue, Seattle, Wash- 
ington 98101. 15-
8-28 


MISCELLANEOUS 


EXPO: For rent. a room in private home of profes- 
sional people in nice suburb of Montreal. One per. 
son $7.00, two persons $10 per night. 

19 King. 
stonroad, Pierrefonds, Montreal. Tel.: area 51 A - 
626-289
. 9-86-8 


Accommodotion for EXPO 67: 3 rooms double and 
modern $12 each room per day, 01.0 a tra iler that 
could accommodate 
 adults and 2 children $12 per 
day. Breakfast and transportation to the expo site 
if desired. "Accepted by Lodge Expo". For reserva. 
tion write to: Denise Langlois, 38 Sterling Street, 
LaSalle, P.O. 9.
7-68 


RED CROSS 
IS ALWAYS THERE 
WITH YOUR HELP 


AlJGUST 1967 



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UNIVERSITY 
OF ALBERTA 
HOSPITAL 


EDMONTON, ALBERT A, 
CANADA 


A 1,200 bed teaching hospital, with a School of Nursing of 450 students. A rapidly expanding Medical 
Center, situated on a growing University Campus. 


NURSING OFFERS 


* planned Orientation Programme 
* In Service Education Programme 
* Organized programme to provide op- 
porfunities for Team Leaders, leader- 
ship Responsibility 
* Opportunifies for Professional develop- 
ment in O.R., Coronary Core, Cardiac 
Surgery, Renal Dialysis. Neurosurgery. 
and Rehabilifation 


SCHOOL Of NURSING 
WOODSTOCK 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO 


Will require 


TEACHERS - AUGUST r 1967 


For the approved two year cur- 
riculum with a third year of ex- 
perience in nursing service. (50 
students enrolled annually) 
Qualifications: University prepa- 
ration in Nursing Education or 
Public Health. 
Salary: Commensurate with ex- 
perience and education. 


Apply to: 


The Director,School of Nursing, 
WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Woodstock, Ontario. 


AUGUST 1967 


. . 


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For more information write to: 
Director of Nursing 


UNIVERSITY 
OF ALBERTA 
HOSPITAL 


Edmonton, Alberta 
Canada 


THE DR. CHARLES A. JANEWAY 
CHILD 
HEALTH CENTRE 


St. John's, Newfoundland 
Invites applications from 
GRADUATE NURSES 


Interested in the nursing of sick 
children. Wouldn't you like fo 
come to the Province of New- 
foundland to a new hospital 
providing varied paediatric ex- 
perience and a challenge to all 
nurses who are interested and 
enthusiastic. A salary increase 
has just been granted and an- 
other increase is to follow early 
next year. 
Further details can be obtained 
from: 
The Director of Nursing 
THE DR. CHARLES A. JANEWAY 
CHILD HEALTH CENTRE 
P. O. Box 5578 
ST. JOHN'S, NEWFOUNDLAND 


BENEFITS 


* Excellent Pafient Care Focilities 


* Salary scaled to qualificafion and ex. 
perience 


* Liberal personnel policies 


AJAX AND 
PICKERING 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


AJAX, ONTARIO 
127 Beds 


Nursing the patient as an indi- 
vidual. Vacancies, General Duty 
R.N.'s and Registered Nursing 
Assistants for all areas, Full time 
and part time. Salaries as in Me- 
tro Toronto. Consideration for ex- 
perience and education. Excellent 
fringe benefits. Residence accom- 
modation, single rooms, House- 
keeping privileges. 


Apply to: 
NURSING OFFICE PERSONNEL 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 67 



DEPARTMENT OF 
PUBLIC HEALTH 


PROVINCE OF NOVA SCOTIA 


offers 


BURSARIES FOR NURSES 


Graduate nurses who are eligible for University en- 
trance and have an interest in a career in Public 
Health Nursing are invited to apply. 


Bursaries will cover educational costs and provide 
living allowance. 


Applications for bursaries and further information 
may be obtained by contacting: 
Director of Public Health Nursing 
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH 
P.O. Box 448 
Halifax, Nova Scotia 


A-5614 


MAIMONIDES HOSPITAL 
AND HOME FOR THE AGED 


AN OPPORTUNITy.... 
A CHALLENGE.... 
A NEW EXPERIENCE.... 


SUPERVISORS, STAFF NURSES, NURSING 
ASSISTANTS, INSTRUCTORS, PSYCHIATRIC 
NURSE, 


We invite you to join the nursing staH of New Mai. 
monides. 


LIBERAL VACATION . . HEALTH AND 
PENSION PLANS . . SALARIES COM- 
MENSURATE WITH RECOGNIZED SCALES 


Apply to: 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


5795 Caldwell Avenue 
Montreal 29, Quebec 


68 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


ONCE A 
ALWAYS 


NURSE... 
A NURSE! 


Whether you're a practicing R.N. or just taking time 
out to raise a family, you can serve your community 
by teaching lay persons the simple nursing skills 
needed to care for a sick member of the family at 
home. 


Red Cross Branches need VOLUNTEER INSTRUCTORS 
to teach Red Cross Care in the Home courses. 


VOLUNTEER NOW AS A RED CROSS INSTRUCTOR 
. 
IN YOUR COMMUNITY 


For further information, contact: 


National Director, Nursing Services, 
THE CANADIAN RED CROSS SOCIETY 


95 Wellesley Street East, 
Toronto 5, Ontario 


REGISTERED NURSES 


Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois is a 
new 587-bed General Hospital, located in a pleasant 
suburb of Chicago. 
The hospital is modern with a wide range of services 
to patients, including Hyperbaric Oxygen Unit. Low- 
cost modern housing next to the hospital is available_ 
The hospital is completely air-conditioned. 
Annual beginning salary is from $6,000 plus shift 
differential pay. Regular salary increments at six 
months of service and yearly thereafter. Sick leave 
and other fringe benefits are also available. 


Write or call collect: 


Director of Nursing Services 


LUTHERAN GENERAL HOSPIT At 
PARK RIDGE, ILLINOIS 60068 
Telephone: 692-2210 Ext. 211 
Area Code: 312 


AUGUST 1967 



What does 
Methodist Hospital 
have to offer me? 


At the Methodist Hospital, where research is a part 
01 progress, a nursing career takes on new horizons - 
rich in meaning and professional satisfaction. 
If you're looking for the chance to be the nurse 
you've always dreamed of - coming to the world 
famous Methodist Hospital can be an adventure - 
almost like stepping into the future - splendid 
facilities, !òO much advance equipment and 
everywhere the newest medical and patient care 
techniques are in use. 
Some of the best aspects of nursing at METHODIST 
are as Old as medicine itself - there is a spirit of 
kindness and consideration, and emphasis on patient 
care, that make this a hospital where nursing is 
satisfying and rewarding, day by day. 
Methodist Hospital is right in the center of the world's 
great Medical, Research and Educational complexes. 
HOUSTON is an exciting city - rodeo and opera, 
pro-football and the famous Alley Theatre, water sports 
and beaches an hour or less away, the Houston 
SymPhony and the Astrodome! 


A Few Quick Facts: We're affiliated with Baylor 
University College of Medicine and associated with 
Texas Woman's University College of Nursing. 
New $9Y2 million Cardiovascular and Orthopedic 
Research Center will open soon. Our Inservice 
Education Department gives you thorough 
orientation, and continued instruction in new 
concepts and techniques. You'll find every 
encouragement to broaden your skills, 
including tuition assistance in obtaining 
further education in nursing. 


.. 


Send for Your Colorful Informative Illustrated 
Brochure. . . to learn abOut Methodist Hospital, 
Houston, positions available, salary and employment 
benefits, tuition allowance, complimentary room 
accommodation and our Nurse Specialist Programs. 
Write, call or send coupon, Director of Personnel, 
The Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, 
Houston, Texas 77025 


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r-------------------------------------ï 
I Director of Personnel, THE METHODIST HOSPITAL, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77025 I 
I Please send me your brochure abOut nursing opportunities at THE METHODIST HOSPITAL-Texas Medical Center I 
I I 
I Name I \ 
I Address I 
I I 
I City State Zip Code I 
L_____________________________________ 


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HOSPITAL: 
A newly expanded 257 bed hospital with such progressive 
care concepts as a 12-bed I.C.U., 22.bed psychiatric and 
24-bed self care unit. 
IDEAL LOCATION: 
45 minutes from downfown Toronfo, 15-30 minutes from ex- 
cellent summer and winter resort areas. 
SALARIES: 
Registered Nurses: $400.00 - $480.00 per monfh. 
Registered Nursing Assistants: $295.00 - $331.00 per month. 
FURNISHED APARTMENTS: 
Swimming pool, tennis courts, etc. (see above) 
OTHER BENEFITS: 
Medical and hospital insurance, group life insurance, pension 
plan, 40 hour week. 


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Please address all enquiries to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL 


596 Davis Drive 
Newmarket, Ontario 


L 


THE PLACE TO 
CENTENNIAL 


BE IN 
YEAR! 


OTTAWA CIVIC HOSPITAL 
Ottawa, Ontario 


Enioy life in green and pleasant Ottawa. Doily 
rrain and bus service fa Expo '67! Challenging 
work in a modern teaching Hospital of 1087 
beds, where administrafion is progressive and 
sfaff parficipafion encouraged. In-Service Educa- 
tion program well esfablished. Excellent salaries, 
personnel policies and fringe benefits to: 


REGISTERED NURSES 


for all services including Operating Room and 
Psychiatry 


Apply in writing to: 


Miss B. JEAN MILLIGAN, Reg.N., M.A. 
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 69 


AUGUST 1967 



SCARBOROUGH CENTENARY HOSPIT At 


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Invites Applications For: 


TEAM LEADERS 
GENERAL STAFF R.N. and R.N.A. 


This modern 525-bed hospital, scheduled to open in the Fall of 
1967, is fully equipped with the latest facilities to assist personnel 
in pafient care and embraces the most modern concepfs of feam 
nursing. (See Hospital Administration in Canada January 1967 
edition.) Excellent personnel policies are available. Progressive staff 
and management development programs offer the maximum op- 
portunities for those who are interested. Salary is commensurate 
wifh experience and ability. 


For further information, please direct your enquiries to: 
Director of Nursing Service, 
SCARBOROUGH CENTENARY HOSPITAL 
Post Office Box 250, West Hill, Ontario 



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Applications are invited from 
REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


For full time, 40 hour week, Rotation Duty. 
One Weekend off Duty every three weeks. 
Vacancies In Medical, Surgical, Obstetric, 
Paediatric, Operating Room, Intensive Care 
and Emergency Unit. Active Inservice and 
Orientation programs as well as excellent 
personnel policies and fringe benefits. 


Director of Nursing 


TORONTO EAST GENERAL 
AND ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL 


Toronto 6, Ontario 


70 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


GENERAL STAFF NURSES 


required for 


REGINA GENERAL HOSPITAL 


openings in all departments 
including new Intensive Care Unit 


STARTING SALARY $401 
Recognition Given For Experience 
Progressive Personnel Policies 


Apply: 


Personnel Department 
REGINA GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Regina, Saskatchewan 


SHERBROOKE HOSPITAL 


SHERBROOKE, Que. 


has vacancies for 


GENERAL STAFF NURSES 


150-bed active General Hospital, fully accredited - 
situated in the picturesque Eastern Townships, ap- 
praximately 80 miles from Montreal via new auto- 
route. Friendly community, close to U.S. border. Good 
recreational facilities. Excellent personnel policies, 
salary comparable with Montreal Hospitals. 


Apply to: 


Director of Nursing 


SHERBROOKE HOSPITAL 


Sherbrooke, Que. 


AUGUST 1967 



PALO ALTO-STANFORD 
HOSPITAL CENTER 


located on the beautiful campus of Stanford University in Palo Alto, California. 


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One of the nation's formost teaching hospital s invites you to work and learn on the San 
Franscisco Peninsula. Enjoy California weather in one of the most stimulating cultural and 
recreational environments in the U.S.A. 


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For additional information- 
NAME: 
ADDRESS: 
CITY: .. " STATE: 
SERVICE DESIRED: 
Return to: PALO ALTO-STANFORD HOSPITAL CENTER 
Personnel Department 300 Pasteur Drive 
Palo Alto, California 


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Sf. JOSEPH'S HOSPIT At 


TORONTO, ONTARIO 
REGISTERED NURSES 
and 
REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 


lOO-bed fully accredited hospital provides 
experience in Operafing Room, Recovery 
Room, Intensive Care Unit, Pediafrics 
Orthopedics, Psychiatry, General Surgery 
and Medicine. 
Orienfation and Active !nservice program 
for all sfaff. 
Salary is commensurafe with preparafion 
and experience. 
Benefits include Canoda Pension Plan 
Hospital Pension Plan, Group life Insu: 
rance. After 3 manfhs, cumulafive sick 
leave - Ontario Hospital Insurance - 
50% payment by hospifal. 
Rafafing Periods of dUfy - 40 hour week, 
8 sfatutory holidays - annual vacation 
3 weeks offer one year. 


Apply: 


Assistant Director of 
Nursing Service 


ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 


30 Th. Qu.ensway 
Toronto 3, Ontario 


AUGUST 1967 



 


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ASSOCIATE 
DIRECTOR 


OF 


NURSING EDUCA 1I0N 


Applications are invited for the 
above position in an ultra-mod- 
ern school of nursing located in 
South Western Ontario. 


Annual enrollment of 50 stu- 
dents. Two-Plus-One program 
commencing Sept. 1968. Mini- 
mum requirement - B.Se.N. with 
several years experience. 


Apply to: 


BOX "B" 


CANADIAN NURSE JOURNAL 


50 The Driveway 
Ottawa 4, Ontario 


THE HOSPITAL 
FOR 
SICK CHILDREN 


School of Nursing 
Applications are invited for the 
TEACHING STAFF 
Opportunity to participate in 
Curriculum Development. Chan- 
ges anticipated for 1968 in Basic 
Nursing Program and Affiliate 
Program. 
QUALIFICA nONS: 
Bachelor of Science in Nursing 
or Diploma in Nursing Education. 
Salaries are according to educa- 
tion and experience. 
For further information, 
write to: 
The Associate Director of 
Nursing Education 
THE HOSPITAL FOR 
SICK CHILDREN 


Toronto 2, Ontario 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 71 



OPERATING ROOM 
SUPERVISOR 


Postgraduate trained. 


For 61-bed well-equipped 
hospital. 


Apply: 


Administrator 
WILLETT HOSPITAL 
Paris, Ontario 


INTENSIVE CARE UNIT 


HEAD NURSE 
GENERAL DUTY NURSES 


wanted for a 6-bed monifored medical- 
surgical unit. 


For further information apply to: 


Director of Nursing 
KELOWNA GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Kelowna, British Columbia 


THE ORILLIA SOLDIERS 
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 


Invites 


YOU 
to apply for the position of 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
EDUCATION 
'he Schoot of Nursing is in the process of: 
I) Building a new self-contained educational 
building. 
2) Commencing a two + one year pro- 
gramme by September 1968. 
3) I ncreasing total student enrollment to t20. 
Minimum Requirement: Bachelor's Degree. 
Preferenc.e will be given to applicant 
wi'h Master's Degree. 
Salary: To be negotiated, but commensurate 
with qual ifications and experience. 
O,illia: is a town of 20,000, situated on two 
lakes one hour's drive from T oron.o. 


For further details apply to: 
Miss B. M. Jones, Reg.N. 
Director of Nurling 
ORILLIA SOLDIERS' MEMORIAL 
HOSPITAL 
Orillia, Ontario, Canada 


72 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


A progressive 270-bed acute General 
Hospital situated in the INTERIOR OF 
BRITISH COlUMBIA. 


Invites applications from 


GRADUATE NURSES 


(B.C. REGISTRATION) 


In addifion to a new building, renovafions 
now almosf complefed have increased our 
pafienf facilities. 


Please state preference of working area 
when applying to: 


Director of Nursing 
ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL 
Kamloops, B.C. 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


Applications are invifed for the position 
of Director of Nursing for a 164-bed mo- 
dern, accredifed, acute care hospifal in 
scenic British Columbia. A 24-bed psy. 
chiatric wing and a 50-bed exfended care 
unif are in fhe finol stages of planning. 
Accommodation available in sfaff res- 
idence. Nursing administrative education 
and experience desirable. Solary com- 
mensurate with qualifications. 


Apply stating qualifications and 
expected salary to: 


Mr. D. C. Steveson 
Administrator 
TRAIL- T ADANAC HOSPITAL 
Trail, British Columbia 


ARE YOU INTERESTED IN PATIENT CARE? 
JOIN OUR STAFF 


THE UNIVERSITY OF 
TEXAS HOSPITALS 


AT GALVESTON, TEXAS 


- A Planned Orienfafion Program 
- A Confinuous Education Program 
Liberal Personnel Policies 
Staff Nurse Salaries 
$482-$620 - Based upon a background of 
experience and education. $539.$680 in Sep- 
tember. $60 differential for nights or rota- 
tion of two shifts. $90 differential for 
evenings or rotation of three shifts. 


Write to: 
Patricia M. Bosworth, R.N., M.A. 
Administratar.Caordinatar of Nursing 
THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HOSPITALS 
Galveston, Texas 77550 
We are an equal opparfunity employer 


I 


WILSON MEMORIAL 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


requires 


REGISTERED NURSES FOR 
GENERAL DUTY 
REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 


20-bed hospifal. Situated in a thriving 
Norfhwesfern Onfario community. 
Room and board provided. 


For full par1iculars, 
Write to: 
Director of Nursing 
Marathon, Ontario 


SOUTH WATERLOO 
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 
GALT, ONTARIO 


Addifional Teaching Faculty required to 
assisf in formulafing a fwo-year pro- 
gramme, one.year infernship. 


Positions in Teaching a\lOilable imme- 
diafely, Medical Surgical, Paediafrics, 
Social Sciences. 


Excellent personnel policies. 


For further information, 
Apply to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
EDUCATION 


REGISTERED NURSES 


For modern aO-bed General Hospital ex. 
panding fo 150 beds, located in an 
allractive, dynamic, sports-oriented com- 
munity 50 miles south of MOnfreal. 
Salaries and fringe benefits comparable 
to Montreal. Complete maintenance avail- 
able at a minimal rate. 


Apply to: 


Director of Nursing 
BROME-MISSISQUOI-PERKINS 
HOSPITAL 
Cowansville, Que. 


AUGUST 1967 



THE HOSPITAL 


FOR 


SICK CHILDREN 


, 

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- 
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OFFERS: 


I. Satisfying experience. 


2. Stimulating and friendly en- 
vironment. 


3. Orientation and In-Service 
Education Program. 


4. Sound Personnel Policies 


5. liberal vocation. 


APPLICA TlONS FOR REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS INVITED. 


For detailed information 
please write to: 


The Assistant Director 
of Nursing 
AUXILIARY STAFF 


555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Ontario, Canada 


AUGUST 1967 



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THE WINNIPEG GENERAL HOSPITAL 


is Recruiting General Duty Nurses for all Services 


SEND APPLICATIONS DIRECTlY TO 


THE PERSONNEL DIRECTOR, 
WINNIPEG GENERAL HOSPITAL 


WINNIPEG 3, MANITOBA 


HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 


HOSPITAL - 
Newly expanded 350-bed hospital. Progressive patient core con- 
cept. 


SALARY - 
General Stoff Nurses (Currently Registered in Ontario) $400.00 - 
$480, - 5-increments. 
Registered Nursing Assistants (Currently Registered in Ontario) 
$295.00 - $331.00, - 3 increments. 
HOUSING - 
Furnished apartments available at subsidized rates. 


JOB SATISFACTION - 
High quality patient core and friendly working environment. We 
appreciate our personnel and encourage their professional develop- 
ment. 


You are invited to enquire concerning employment opportunities to: 
Director of Nursing 


HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 


200 Church Street, Weston, Ontario 
Telephone 249-8111 (Toronto) 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 73 



REGISTERED NURSES 


required for 


82-bed hospital. Situated in the Niagara 
Peninsula. Transportafion assisfance. 


For salary rates and personnel policies, 


apply to: 
Director of Nursing 


HALDIMAND WAR MEMORIAL 
HOSPITAL 


Dunnville, Ontario 


GRADUA If NURSES AND 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 


Eligible for Registration 
in the Province of Ontario 


We have openings for you in Medical, 
Surgical, Obsfefrical, Paediafric and Chro- 
nic Units. 
Salary 


Regisfered Nurses $400-$480 
with 5 annual increments. 
Registered Nursing Assisfanf 
$255-$275 with 2 annual in- 
crements. 
Excellent personnel policies. 


Salary 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
ORILLIA SOLDIERS' MEMORIAL 
HOSPITAL 
Orillia, Ontario 
Canada 


ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING SERVICE 


Applications are invifed fOr fhe position 
of Assisfanf Direcfor of Nursing Service 
for a 291-bed fully accredited General 
Hospifal. 


Preference will be given to applicants 
with preparation and experience in nurs- 
ing service administration. 


Apply to: 


Director of Nursing Service 
THE GENERAL HOSPITAL 
OF PORT ARTHUR 
Port Arthur, Ontario 


74 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


CLINICAL COURSE IN 
PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 


Offered by 


The Deparfment of Veferans AHa irs, West- 
minster Hospifal, LONDON, Ontario. Open 
10 all Registered Nurses. Enrollment lim- 
ited. Four monfhs durafion - commencing 
15 January 1968. Room and meals at 
nominal rates. 


For further information 
please write: 


Director of Nursing 
WESTMINSTER HOSPITAL 
London, Ontario 


ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 


SARNIA, ONTARIO 


Invites applications for the 
positions of: 


IN-SERVICE DIRECTOR 
EVENING SUPERVISOR 
GENERAL DUTY NURSES 


328-bed hospital, excellent personnel po- 
licies. 


For further information apply: 
Director of Nursing 
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 
Sarnia, Ontario 


PETERBOROUGH CIVIC HOSPITAL 


School of Nursing requires 


INSTRUCTRESS (Nursing Arts) 
INSTRUCTRESS (Medical-Surgical Area) 


New self-canfained educafion building for 
school of nursing now open. 
Trent University is situafed in Peferborough 


For further information write to: 


Director of Nursing 
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC 
HOSPITAL 
Peterborough, Ontario 


222 BED GENERAL HOSPITAL 


requires 


STAFF NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


Cornwall is noted for its summer and 
winter sport areas, and is an hour and a 
half from both Montreal and Ottawa. 
Progressive personnel policies include 4 
weeks vQcafion. Experience and post-basic 
cerfificafes are recognized. 


Apply to: 
Ass't. Director of Nursing 
(Service) 
CORNWALL GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Cornwall, Ontario 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES 
and 
NURSING ASSIST ANTS 


Wanted for active General Hospital (125 
beds) situated in St. Anthony, Newfound- 
land, a town of 2,400 and headquarters 
of the International Grenfell Association 
which provides medical care for norfhern 
Newfoundland and the coost of Lobrador. 
Salaries in accordance with ARNN. 


For further information 
please write: 


Miss Dorothy A. Plant 
INTERNATIONAL GRENFEll ASSOCIATION 
Room 701A, 88 Metcalfe Str.et. 
onAWA 4, ONTARIO 


CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS 


required 


wifh preparation and experience. Eligible 
for B. C. Registration. Medical, Surgical 
and Paediatric areas. 


Student enrollment - 200 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
Victoria, B. C. 


AUGUST 1967 



SUNNYBROOK 
HOSPIT AL 


REGISTERED NURSES 


General Duty Nurses on rotating 
shifts are needed as part of the 
re-organization of Sunnybrook as 
a university teaching hospital. 
Employment in our Nursing Ser- 
vices Department includes: 


Metro Toronto Salary Scale 
Accommodation at reduced 
rates. Full range of fringe 
benefits 


Three weeks vacation after 
1 year 


Good location 
subway on 
grounds. 


bus from 
to hospital 


For additional information, 
please write: 
Director of Personnel 
and Public Relations, 


SUNNYBROOK HOSPITAL 


2075 Bayview Avenue 
Toronto 12, Ontario 


AUGUST 1967 


DIRECTOR OF SCHOOL 
OF NURSING 


THE OnAWA REGIONAL SCHOOL OF 
NURSING 
has an opening for a Director. 
REQUIREMENTS: Master's Degree prefer- 
red and a good working knowledge of 
English and French. 
CHALLENGE: A unique opporfunity to par- 
ticipate in the plans for the building 
of fhe school and in the development 
of the programme for bilingual sfu- 
denfs. 
APPOINTMENT: To be made as soon as 
possible. 
APPLICATIONS: Interested applicants are 
invited fo correspond wifh: 


The Chairman of the Board 
of Directors, 
Mr. LAVAL FORTIER, 
269 Stewart Street, 
Ottawa 2, Ontario 


MEDICINE HAT 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


MEDICINE HAT, ALBERTA 


STAFF NURSES 


Current Recommended 
Salary Scales 


Apply: 


Director of Nursing 
or any 
CANADA MANPOWER CENTRE 


REGISTERED NURSES 


For General Duty 


with opporfunity for advancemenf and 


REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSIST ANTS 


required for liS-bed chest hospifal sifuaf- 
ed in laurentian MOunfains 55 miles north 
of Montreal. 


For further particulars and salary scales 
write: 


Director of Nursing, 
P. O. BOX 1000 
Ste. Agathe des Monts, P.Q. 


THE HOSPIT AL 


FOR 


SICK CHILDREN 



 


r. 


, 


, 


"'\ 


j 


YOU 


Receive the advantages of: 


1. Five-week orientation pro- 
gram for new staff. 


2. Ongoing in-service education 
for nurses. 


3. Extensive student education 
program. 
4. Research Institute. 


APPLICATION FOR GENERAL 
DUTY POSITIONS INVITED 


For information contact: 


THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Canada 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 75 



GRADUATE NURSES 


required 


For fhis modern 259-bed hospital in 
the beaufiful Niagara Peninsula. Excel- 
lent personnel policies and working con- 
difions. Salary range $400 to $480 per 
month when regisfered in Onfaria. Sfarf- 
ing solary will depend on experience. 
Privafe rooms available in residence $20. 
per monfh. 


Please apply to: 


Miss L. M. R. Lambe 
Director of Nursing 
WELLAND COUNTY 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Weiland, Ontario 


ST. THOMAS-ELGIN 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Requires 


GENERAL STAFF NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 
O. R. TECHNICIANS 


Modern 395 bed, fully accredited General 
Hospital opened in 1954, with School of 
Nursing. Excellent personnel policies. 
O. H. A. Pension Plan. pleasanf progres. 
sive industrial city of 22,500. 


Apply: 
Director of Nursing, 
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN GENERAL 
HOSPIT AL 
St. Thomas, Ontario. 


REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 


required for 


BEllEVIllE GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Construcfion of a new hospifal scheduled 
for complefion November 1967 will in- 
crease the bed capacity to 450. Included 
in the new hospifal will be the Friesen 
concepf of equipment and material sup- 
ply. Salary commensurate with prepara- 
tion and experience. BenefilS include Ca- 
nada PensiOn Plan, Hospifal Pension Plan, 
Group life Insurance. Accumulative sick 
leave. Ontario Hospital Insurance and 
P.S.1. - 50% paymenf by hospifal. 


Apply: 


Personnel Di,ector 
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Belleville, Ontario 


76 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL 
OF OTTAWA 


A new, air.condifioned 340-bed hospifal. 
Applications are called for Nurses for fhe 
positions of: 


GENERAL STAFF NURSES 


and 


REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 


Address 01/ enquiries to: 
Director of Nursing 
RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL 
OF OTTAWA 
1967 Riverside Drive, 
Ottawa, Ontario 


LADY MINTO HOSPITAL 


OFFERS 


1. Sfimulating Environment 


2. Sound, liberal personnel policies. 


3. R.N. salary range $415 to $495. 


4. Residence available. 


Registerecl Nurses invited to opply to: 


Director of Nursing 
LADY MINTO HOSPITAL 
Chapleau, Ontario 


REGISTERED NURSES 


Required for various deparfmenfs in a 
modern 140-bed hospifal situnfed in fhe 
Kawarfha lakes area. 


Toronto Council salaries in effecf 


Please apply to: 


Personnel Director 
ROSS MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 
Lindsay, Ontario 


REGISTERED NURSES 


For 61-bed General Hospital 


Apply: 


Administrator 


WILLETT HOSPITAL 


Paris, Ontario 


REGISTERED NURSES 


required 


For modern 1000-bed accredifed hospifal. 
Excellent advancemenf opportunifies. 
Wide range of services provided in 
Surgery, Medicine, Emergency, Infensive 
Care, Chronic, Mafernify, Psychiafric, Or- 
thopaedic, etc. Excellenf wages and be- 
nefifs program including 10 sfafufory 
holidays. 


Please apply to: 
Personnel Department 
HENDERSON GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 
Hamilton, Ontario 


OBSTETRICAL SUPERVISOR 


and 


HEAD NURSE IN 
DELIVERY ROOM 


Experience in teaching preferred. 


Apply: 


Director of Nursing 
SUDBURY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 
Regent Street, S. 
Sudbury, Ontario 


AUGUST 1967 



'"I I
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The trip's 
on us! 


Pack up your uniform and 
make a change for the best . . . 
to Presbyterian Hospital Center. 
There are unlimited opportunities 
for you as a professional nurse 
in this modern, progressive, 500 
bed hospital. You could include 
in the liberal fringe benefits our 
glorious climate and friendly 
Southwestern people. Send in the 
coupon below and find out how 
you can make this exciting trip, 
ON US! 



h 


PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL CENTER 
ALBUQUERQUE. NEW MEXICO 87106 


UStarting salary to $555 a month 
u5DD-bed hospital 
uPersonal orientation program 
uLiberal fringe benefits 
uContinuing educational programs 
uAirline travel paid 
uCareer advancement opportun;ties 
uTwo universities 
uTwenty minutes from nearby 
mountains 


EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER 


Mail coupon or call collecl (505-243-9411, Exl. 219) 


Mrs. Susan Dicke. Director of Nurse Recruitment 
Presbyterian Hospital Center. Department 8.} 
Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106 
Please mail me more information about nursing 
at Presbyterian Hospital Centar and lell me how 
I may make a change for the best. 


Name 


Address 


C,ly 


Slate 


School of Nursing 


Year of Gradualion _Month 
...................................... "-_..-.. --- .--..----- 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
SERVICE 


FOR 
MANITOBA REHABILITATION 
HOSPITAL 


WINNIPEG, Manitoba 
Fully accredited 160-bed rehabi- 
litation hospital and 64-bed res- 
piratory disease wing. This is a 
five year old modern facility 
with a very active program in all 
departments. Salary commensur- 
ate with qualifications and ex- 
perience. 


For further information 
write to: 


Executive Director 


MANITOBA REHABILITATION 
HOSPITAL 


800 Sherbrook Street 
Winnipeg 2, Manitoba 


DIRECTOR 
REGIONAL SCHOOL 


OF 


OF NURSING 


"KIRKLAND LAKE" 


Applications are invited for the 
position of Director of a new 
Regional School of Nursing to be 
established in Kirkland lake with 
an annual enrollment of 30 
students encompassing five area 
hospitals. An excellent opportu- 
nity to develop a program from 
the erection of the building to 
operating the school. 


Please direct enquiries to: 
The Secretary of the Steering 
Committee: 
R. J. Cameron, Administrator, 


KIRKLAND AND DISTRICT 
HOSPITAL 


Kirkland Lake, Ontario. 


ONTARIO SOCIETY 


FOR 


CRIPPLED CHILDREN 


'f 


....... 


Invites applications from Public 
Health Nurses who have at least 
2 years experience in general- 
ized public health nursing, pre- 
ferably in Ontario. 


INTERESTING AND VARIED 
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 
IN AN EXPANDING PROGRAM 
INCLUDE: 


. an opportunity to work direct- 
ly with children, their parents, 
health and welfare agencies, 
and professional groups 


. porticipation in arranging 
diagnostic and consultant cli- 
nics 


. assessing the needs of the 
individually handicapped child 
in relation to services provided 
by Easter Seal Clubs and the 
Society. 


Attractive salary schedule with 
excellent benefits. Car provided. 
Pre-service preparation with sa- 
lary. 


Apply in writing to: 


Director, Nursing Service, 
350 Rumsey Road, 
Toronto 17, Ontario 


AUGUST 1967 THE CANADIAN NURSE 77 



WOODSTOCK GENERAL H05PIT AL 


Requires 


GENERAL STAFF NURSES 


All DEPARTMENTS 


and 


O.R. TECHNICIANS 


Apply: 
Director of Nursing 
WOODSTOCK 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Woodstock, Ontario 


McKELLAR GENERAL H05PIT AL 


requires 


Regisfered Nurses for General Staff. The 
hospital is friendly and progressive. 
It is now in the beginning stages of a 
$3,500,000 program of expansion and 
renovation. 


- Openings in all services. 
- Proximify fa lakehead 
ensures opportunify for 
educafion. 


Universify 
furthering 


For full particulars write to: 
Director 
of Nursing Service 
McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL, 
Fort William, Ontario. 


51. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
Hamilton, Ontario 


requires 


CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS in all Nursing 
oreas. Well-equipped, modern School of 
Nursing. Student enrolment over 300. 
Modern, progressive, SOO-bed Hospital. 
Salary commensurate with preparation 
ond experience. 


For further details, apply: 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


78 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


PORT COLBORNE 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


PORT COlBORNE, ONTARIO 


STAFF NURSES 


required 


For 166-bed hospital within easy driving 
distance of American and Canadian me- 
tropolifan cenfres. Considerafion given for 
previous experience obfained in Canada. 
Completely furnished apartmenf-sfyle resi- 
dence, including balcony and swimming 
pool facing lake, adjacenf to hospital. 


Apply: 
Director of Nursing 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Port Colborne,Ontario 


REGISTERED NURSES 


For new 100-bed General Hospifal in the 
beginning stages of an expansion pro- 
gram, located on the beautiful lake of the 
Woods. Three hours' travel fime from 
Winnipeg wifh good fransporfafion avail- 
able. Wide variefy of summer and win- 
fer sporfs - swimming, boafing, fishing, 
golfing, skafing, curling, fobagganing, 
skiing. 
Salary: $415 with allowance for experi- 
ence. Residence available. Good per- 
sonnel policies. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
KEN ORA GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Kenora, Ontario 


A REGISTERED NURSE 
BILINGUAL 


Required fOr a Supervisory Position in a 
modern aO-bed hospital expanding fO 
150 beds. located in fhe Easfern Town- 
ships, an allracfive, dynamic communify 
50 miles south of Montreal. Postgraduate 
fraining in Supervision an asset. Salary 
in accordance wifh Quebec Hospifal In- 
SUronce Service. 


Write to: 


Director of Nursing 
BROME-MISSISQUOI-PERKINS 
HOSPITAL 
Cowansville, Quebec 


ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 


lONDON, ONTARIO 


Teaching Haspifal, 600 beds, new facilifies 


requires: 


REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


For further information apply: 


The Director of Nursing 
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 
London, Ontario 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
EDUCATION 


Master's degree preferred; to conduct 
basic nursing program and affilliate pro- 
gram. 


Apply 10: 
Director of Nursing, 
CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL 
OF WINNIPEG, 
Winnipeg, Manitoba. 


MEDICINE HAT 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 
MEDICINE HAT, ALBERTA 


INSTRUCTORS 
POSITIONS 


ONE MEDICAL NURSING TEACHER 
ONE SURGICAL NURStNG TEACHER 
ONE SCIENCE NURSING INSTRUCTOR 


Class 25-30 Sfudenfs 
Currenf Recommended 
Salary Scales 


Apply: 
Director of Nursing Education 
or any 
CANADA MANPOWER CENTRE 


AUGUST 1967 



I I 


UNITED STATES 


UNITED STATES 


'AFF NURSES - Here i. the opportunity to further 
'velop your professional skills and knowledge in our 
OOO-bed medical center. We ha\'e liberal personnel 
)Iicies with premiums for evening and night fours. 
ur nurses' residence, located in the midst of 33 
Mural and educational institutions, offers low.cost 
)using adjacent to the Hospitals. Write for our booklet 
1 nursing opportunities. Feel free to tell uS what type 
f position you ore seeking. Write: Director of Nurs- 
.g, Room 600, Uni\'ersity Hospitals af Cle\'eland, 
ni\'ersity Circle, Cle\'eland, Ohio 44106 15-36-tG 


STAFF NURSES: Ta wark in Extended Care or Tuber- 
culosis Unit. Live in lovely suburban Cleveland in 
2-bedroom house for 555 a month including all 
utilities. Modern salary and excellent fringe benefits. 
Write Director of Nursing Senlice, 4310 Richmond 
Raad, Cle\'eland, Ohio. 15.361 F 


GRADUATE NURSES - Wouldn't you like to wark 
at a madern 532-bed acute General Teaching Hos- 
pital where you would ha\'e: (a) unlimited oppar. 
tunities for professional growth and advancement, 
(b) tuition paid for ad\'anced study, (c) starting 
salary of 5429 per manth (to thase with pending 
registration as well), (d) progressive personnel poli- 
cies, (e) a choice of areas? For further information, 
write or call collect: Miss Louise Harrison, Director 
of Nursing Service, Mount Sinai Hospital, University 
Circle, Cle\'eland. Ohia 44106. Phone SWeetbriar 
5-6000. 15-36.1D 


egist.red Nurse (Scenic Oregon vacation play- 
round, skiing, swimming. boating & curturel 
",nts) for 295-bed teaching unit an campus of 
niversity of Oregon medical school. Salery sterts 
t 5575. Pay differential for nights and e\'enings. 
beral policy for advancement. vacations. sick 
'D\ie, holidays. Apply: Mu/tnamah Haspital, Port. 
md. Oregon. 97201. 15.38- 1 


ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 


MONTREAL, QUEBEC 


POSTGRADUATE COURSES 


1. 


(a) .Six month clinical course in Obstetrical Nursing. 
Classes - September and March. 
(b) Two month clinical course in Gynecological Nursing. 
Classes following the six month course in Obstetrical 
Nursing. 


(c) 


Eight week course in Care of the Premature Infant. 


2. 


Six month course in Operating Room Technique. 
Classes - September and March. 


3. 


Six month course in Theory and Practice in Psychiatric 
Nursing. 
Classes - September and March. 


For information and details of the courses, apply to: 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 


Montreal, P.Q. 


AUGUST 1961 


UNIVERSITY OF 
BRITISH COLUMBIA 


School of Nursing 


DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC 
NURSING 
DEGREE COURSE FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 


Both of these courses lead to the 
B.S.N. degree. Graduates ore pre- 
pared for public health as well as 
hospital nursing positions. 


DIPLOMA COURSES FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 


I. Public Health Nursing. 
2. Administration of Hospital 
Nursing Units. 
3. Psychiatric Nursing. 


For information write to: 
The Director 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 
UNIVERSITY OF B.C. 
Vancouver 8, B.C. 


PROVINCE OF 
BRITISH COLUMBIA 


requires 


INSTRUCTOR 


Aide Orientatian and Training Pragram 
for 
Div. of Nursing Education, Mental Health 
Services, ESSONDALE, B.C. 
SALARY: $456 rising to $559 per month, 
plus $25 per monfh for cerfificafe or 
University degree or $10 per month for 
clinical program; plus $30 per monfh 
for two years' feoching experience in a 
psychiatric nurse program. 
DUTIES: Insfrucfing psychiatric aides, cur- 
riculum planning; ward teaching and de- 
monstration, examining new trends. 
Applicants must be Canadian cifizens or 
British subjects with membership or el- 
igibilify for membership as Regisfered 
Nurse in B.C., preferably with posf-basic 
preparafion in feaching, supervision and 
pSychiatric nursing and suifable experi- 
ence in general or psychiatric nursing. 


Obtain application forms from 
The Personnel Officer, B.C. Civil 
Service, Valleyview Lodges, ES- 
SONDALE, B.C. 
COMPETIßON NO. 67:372 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 79 




,.... 



 


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HOSPITAL 
1820-1967 
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AND RESEARCH CENTRE 
(1.300 Beds) 
PROFESSIONAL GROWTH 
Planned Programmes in 
- Orientation 
- Staff Education 
- Staff Development 
PERSONNEL POLICIES 


Salaries: 
- Commensurate with Qualifications, Experience 
- 3 weeks vacation 
- 8 statutory holidays 
- Cumulative Sick leave 
- Pension Plan 
- Hospitalization and medical insurance plan. 
- Uniforms laundered Free 


OPPORTUNITIES FOR 
General Staff Nurses 
Registered Nursing Assistants 
in 


Clinical Services: 
- Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics, Gynaecology 
Specialty Units: 
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Room, Recovery Room, Renal dialysis, Res- 
piratory 
Administrative and Teaching Positions: 
- Consideration given to applicants with Uni- 
versity preparation and/ or experience. 
Applicants' requests for any of the above positions 
will be given careful consideration. 


For additional information write: 
Miss M. Jean Dodds, 
Director of Nursing, 
TORONTO GENERAL HOSPITAL 
101 College Street 
Toronto 2, Ontario. 


80 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


W. J. Gage Limited 
Lakeside Laboratories (Canada) Ltd. .. 
Lewis-Howe Company (Turns) 
J. B. Lippincott Company of Canada Limited 
C. V. Mosby Co. 
Parke, Davis & Company Ltd. 
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Reeves Company _........_ 
Scholl Mfg. Co. Ltd. ._ 
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United Surgical Corp. 
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Index 
to 
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August 1967 


Abbott Laboratories Limited . 
Ames Company of Canada, Ltd. 
Boehringer Ingleheim Products 
Canadian Tampax Corporation 
Charles E. Frosst & Co. .. 
Clinic Shoemakers 


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Ruth H. Baumel, 
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Ottawa 4, Ontario 
Advertising Representatives 
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AUGUST 1961 



September 1967 


UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA, 
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The 
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a Chinese hospital 
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infant mortality among 
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a child's response 
ic lack of motheri ng 



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THE CANADIAN NURSE 1 



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THE CLINIC SHOEMAKERS · Dept. CN-9 , 1221 Locust St. . St. Louis, Mo. 63103 



The 
Canadian 
Nurse 


A monthly journal for the nurses of Canada published 
in English and French editions by the Canadian Nurses' Association 


Volume 63, Number 9 


September 1967 


29 Prenatal care and infant mortality among 
Canadian Indians 


G. Graham-Cumming 


32 Idea Exchange 
34 A need for approval 
37 Epistaxis 
40 It's total patient care at Expo 67 clinics 
43 John - a victim of maternal deprivation 


J. Gozali and H. Moogk 


. N. I. McDiarmid 


46 Public health nurses form first 
chapter T-Groups M. Koch Smith and M. Watson Carr 
47 Montreal Chinese Hospital 


The views expressed in the various articles are the views of the authors and do not 
necessarily represent the policies or views of the Canadian Nurses' Association. 


4 Letters 7 News 
20 Names 23 Dates 
25 New Products 27 In a Capsule 
50 Research Abstracts 51 Books 
52 Films 53 Accession List 
80 Official Directory 


Executive Director: Helen K. Mussallem . 
Editor: Virginia A. Llndabury . Assistant 
Editor: Gtennts N. ZlIm . Editorial Assistant: 
Carta D. Penn . Circulation Manager: Pler- 
rette Hotte . Advertising Manager: Ruth H. 
Baumel . Subscrlptton Rates: Canada: One 
Year, 3>4.50; two years, $8.00. Foreign: One 
Year, $5.00; two years, $9.00. Singte copies: 
50 cents each. Make cheques or money orders 
payable to The Canadian Nurse . Change of 
Address: FGur weeks' notice and the old 
address as well as the new are necessary. Not 
responsible for journals lost in mail due to 
errors in address. 
@ Canadian Nurses' Association, 1967 


SEPTEMBER 1961 


Manuscript Infonnatton: "The Canadian 
Nurse" welcomes unsolicited articles. All 
manuscripts shoutd be typed, doubte-spaced, 
on one side of unruted paper leaving wide 
margins. Manuscripts are accepted for revicw 
for exclusive publication. The editor reserves 
the right to make the usuat editorial changes. 
Photographs (glossy prints) and graphs and 
diagrams (drawn in india ink on while paper) 
are welcomed with such articles. The editor 
is not committed to publish all articles sent, 
nor to indicate defimte dates of publication. 
Authorized as Second-Class Mail by the Post 
Office Department, Ottawa, and for payment 
of postage in cash. Postpaid at Montreal. 
Return Postage Guaranteed. 50 The Driveway, 
Ottawa 4. Ontario. 


At the AARN annual meeting 
last May, a guest speaker - who 
happened to be a physician - upse 
the audience when he asserted that 
the nurse's role was that of 
handmaiden to the doctor. Despite 
the storm of protest that followed 
his remark, the physician in 
question, Dr. C. J. Varvis, remained 
adamant and unconvinced of any 
error in his thinking. However, h 
must have learned at least one 
thing about nurses: nurses may not 
know exactly what nursing is 
(witness the profession's never- 
ending attempts to define the word: 
but they certainly koow what it is 
not. 
A month or so after this "hand 
maiden" incident had been reported 
by newspapers across the country, 
The Canadian Medical Association 
lournal published a letter written 
by Albert Wedgery, president of the 
Registered Nurses' Association of 
Ontario. Me. Wedgery expressed 
"consternation and dismay" in a we 
worded rebuttal to Dr. Varvis' 
statements. He pointed out that 
optimum patient care is achieved 
only when doctor and nurse work 
together in a team relationship. H 
suggested, too, that this master-slave 
attitude toward nursing may be 
partly responsible for the profession' 
recent loss of prestige as a career 
choice for young persons. 
But our story does not end here. 
In a neatly-worded parable, "The 
Prince and the Handmaiden," (J ul 
I, 1967) the editors of CM Al join 
the debate. The gist of the parable 
is that the nursing profession has 
come of age and should be treated 
accordingly. 
This is the first time that orgar 
ized medicine in Canada has 
spoken out in support of this 
equal-partner status. We hope that 
it will not be the last. Moreover, we 
like the way the doctors took their 
misinformed colleague to task: 
"Handmaidens yet! Where has this 
doctor been hiding these past 15 
years? Obviously not in very clos 
contact with nurses." - Editoe. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 3 



letters 


{ 


Letters to the editor are welcome. 
Only signed letters will be considered for publication 
Name will be withheld at the writer's request. 


Students have their chance 
Dear Editor, 
As a student. I wrote to THE CANADIAN 
NURSE suggesting a system of student eval- 
uation of instructors. The letter was printed 
under "Random Comments" (May, 1965). 
Then, as a beginning instructor, I decided 
to put my ideas into practice. My fellow 
instructors in psychiatric nursing agreed, 
and a plan we believe to be unique was 
established. 
We decided that we should be evaluated 
on both the classroom and clinical parts of 
our teaching. The forms we issued guided 
students toward comments on such topics as 
sensitivity. ability to communicate, and 
availability. They were distributed on the 
first day of their rotation, and returned on 
the last. With the first few groups we spent 
some time discussing these evaluations and 
eliciting student opinions, which ranged 
from enthusiasm to complete rejection. 
Rarely did we find indifference to the 
idea! 
One problem encountered was the ques- 
tion of signing evaluation forms. Many 
students feared retaliation for negative 
comments. and thought they could not be 
as honest if required to sign. We pointed 
out that since students' evaluations precede 
instructors', this would not happen, but fin- 
ally left the decision to the individual. We 
wanted honest, objective evaluations, and if 
demanding a signature would negate this, 
our project would be useless. 
With a new group of students rotating 
every four weeks, our first set of evalua- 
tions was received in 12 weeks. and each 
four weeks after that. There was some hes- 
itation in returning forms, but by mem- 
tioning that examination marks would be 
withheld until all forms were returned, in- 
cluding the course and graduate forms that 
we instituted at the same time, this prob- 
lem was solved. 
We were pleased with the results. Most 
students put time and effort into the eval- 
uations, although some were too brief or 
general in their comments. The frequent 
remark that we were not available on the 
ward often enough pointed out the need for 
reorganization of time, and the need for a 
lower student-instructor ratio. Occasionally 
criticism was received on a point to which 
we previously had been oblivious, and thus 
helped to bring about a change in our be- 
havior. By personally thanking a student 
(if known) for especially helpful criticism, 
a bond of solidarity was established, and 


4 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


students soon realized that we were recep- 
tive to constructive criticism, as we ex- 
pected them to be in our evaluation of 
them. Compliments gave sorely needed en- 
couragement. 
The greatest benefit was derived from 
these evaluations in the first eight months. 
They then began to be repetitious, and we 
decided that only every third group of stu- 
dents need fill out forms to keep us on our 
toes. 
We believe that instructors in schools of 
nursing today are missing a valuable source 
of evaluation: their students. We urge those 
involved in nursing education to take a bold 
step forward now toward what we think 
is an important and progressive develop- 
ment in the field of nursing education. - 
(Mrs.) Sharon O'Toole, psychiatric nursing 
instructor, Vancouver General Hospital, 
Vancouver, B.C. 


Instructor replies to student article 
Dear Editor: 
"Who is more aware of how feedings 
should be prepared than a newborn baby?" 
Such a question is equally as valid as 
that asked in the "Opinion" by Wendy Mar- 
gesson, student nurse, in your July issue. 
As a former instructor, I challenge sever- 
al of Miss Margesson's comments, although 
I also strongly praise her for speaking out 
on these issues. Her comments do point out 
several areas in nursing education that re- 
quire attention. 
Schools of nursing do fail to make use of 
properly prepared educators in non-nursing 
courses and often waste good nursing in- 
structors to teach chemistry, sociology, and, 
sometimes, basic mathematics. These sub- 
jects would be taught better by properly 
prepared people with degrees in education. 
working closely with nursing education di- 
rectors who could identify special areas of 
nursing interest. 
The shorter, diploma courses, such as 
the two-year educational programs coming 
into being all across Canada, are doing 
what Miss Margesson wishes: cutting down 
on useless and wasteful repetition of men- 
ial tasks and placing stress on educating the 
student in an efficient and effective man- 
ner. The opposition to this program is not 
coming from nurses, howe
er. 
I believe the comments on "freedom of 
expression" are rather overstated. Any real- 
ly valuable observations on patient welfare 
from even a very junior student will be 
acted upon, even by the most senior of 


all consultants. However, the ward is not 
the best place to express opinions. Such ex- 
pression is better carried out in peer groups. 
The group should contain students from 
nursing and other medical disciplines. This 
calls for interdisciplinary schools where 
student nurses relate to medical students, 
student radiology technicians, and student 
dietitians. 
The student-instructor relatIOnships are a 
person-to-person problem. Bad nursing in- 
structors do exist, as poor quality people 
exist in every field. Schools of nursing 
should try to get rid of these people, but 
mature students should recognize that they 
can learn in a negative atmosphere. If ne- 
cessary, collective student action might 
bring results. 
Although high school counseling probably 
could be improved, the final choice of a 
career must be a personal one. Is it too 
much to expect the student to investigate on 
her own and know something of the pro- 
fession she is entering? Is it essential that 
a student decide - in one or two or three 
years, and at age 17 or 18 - on the work 
she intends to follow for the next 40? 
Many interested women are now entering 
the profession in their 40's, switching from 
teaching or typing or tailoring. Surely nurs- 
ing can afford to lose a few of those who 
didn't know it would be so frustrating. 
On the whole, Miss Margesson is to be 
congratulated for speaking up. Nurses 
should consider and discuss. We should be 
pleased to have Miss Margesson among our 
professIOnal ranks, helping - through the 
profession - to repair some of these flaws. 
Considered discussion should be followed 
by concerted action. - R.N., Ontario. 


Trim the wick 
Dear Editor: 
It seems to me, that the wick in Flo 
Nightingale's lamp needs trimming. And 
who will do the job? Why, the university 
gals of course. 
The days are past when all a nurse need- 
ed was to be a hard worker, possess a 
strong back and a weak nose. Doctors will 
have to accept the new highly educated 
brand of nurse. She is here to stay whether 
they like it or not. But remember that the 
old doctors are retiring to their golf clubs, 
and the young doctors who are taking their 
place are of the same generation as our 
professional women leaving the universities. 
The university..çaliber girls have their 
own light. We must leave the past to his- 
torians, and get with the 'Now' generation. 
- R.N., British Columbia. 0 
SEPTEMBER 1961 



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sources of drugs; dosage forms; routes of administration; medical 
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and a Mathematics Supplement (bound in). For students in 
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FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICATIONS 
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6 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


SEPTEMBER 1967 



news 


::;overnor-General To Open 
:NA House This Fall 
Ottawa. - His Excellency Governor- 
:ìeneral Roland Michener has accepted an 
nvitation to officially open the headquar- 
ers of the Canadian Nurses' Association 
ieptember 25, 1967. Sister Mary Felicitas, 
)resident of the Association, will chair the 
Jroceedings. 
Participants in the program will include 
the Honorable Allan J. MacEachen, Minis- 
ter of National Health and Welfare, the 
Right Reverend E.S. Reed, Bishop of Ot- 
tawa, the Most Reverend J.R. Windle, 
Auxiliary Bishop of Ottawa, and Miss Eve- 
lyn A. Pepper, vice-chairman of the CNA 
House committee. 
The CNA House Committee, originally 
chaired by the late Mildred Walker, was 

esponsible for the initial pbnning of the 
headquarters. Miss Pepper has been a mem- 
ber of the House Committee since its ap- 
pointment in 1954. 
Special guests at the opening will include 
members representing allied national asso- 
ciations. Also in attendance will be mem- 
bers of the Board of Directors whose bian- 
nual meeting is scheduled September 26 
to 29. 


CNA Consultation Services 
Revised and Ready 
OtlUwa. - Revisions made at the last 
meeting of the Board of Directors of 
the Canadian Nurses' Association have been 
incorporated into a newly-released State- 
ment of CNA Consultation Services. 
Consultation services are now offered by 
CN A in research and statistics, nursing 
education. nursing service, social and econ- 
omic welfare, public relations, library 
science, and organization and management. 
Two categories of clients are eligible: 
member clients, consisting of the 10 provo 
incial associations; and non-member clients, 
which include other institutions or agencies 
that are directly concerned with nursing 
practice. nursing education. or welfare of 
nurses. 
Consultation will be of two types: the 
"diagnostic survey," lasting three to five 
days, or the "major study," for problems 
requiring longer and more intensive ef- 
forts. 
Fees for non-member clients are $80 per 
day plus hotel and travel expenses for both 
diagnostic and major surveys. Member 
clients must pay expenses for major sur- 
veys, but all costs for diagnostic surveys 
are assumed by the Canadian Nurses' Asso- 
ciation. 


SEPTEMBER 1967 


Maurice Chevalier and "Les Girls." 



 


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Between appearances at the World Festival during Expo 67, famous singer 
and actor Maurice Chevalier took time to entertain nursing students and 
registered nurses from the Man and His Health Theme Pavilion. With Mr. 
Chevalier are, left to right: Ida Haarsma, St. Joseph General Hospital, North 
Bay; Elia Levesque, Hôpital St. Joseph, Rimouski, Quebec; Violet Anutoosh. 
kin, St. Joseph's Hospital, Victoria, B.C.; Ruth Elkas, Sherbrooke Hospital, 
Quebec; Nancy Riggs, Victoria General Hospital, Halifax; and Leslie Ro- 
berts, Ottawa Civic Hospital. These nurses are guests of White Sister Uni- 
forms Inc. 


Plans Progressing For 
CMA-CHA-CNA Conference 
Toronto. - "My Patient - Who Is Re- 
sponsible?" will be one of the topics dis- 
cussed by a doctor. nurse, administrator, 
trustee. and patient at the First Canadian 
Conference on Hospital-Medical Staff Rela- 
tions to be held December 4-6. 
Under the joint sponsorship of the Cana- 
dian Medical Association, Canadian Hospi- 
tal Association, and the Canadian Nurses' 
Association. the Conference has been plan- 
ned to provide a forum for the exchange of 
views between medical staff representatives, 
hospital trustees, administrators, and direc- 
tors of nursing service. A secondary purpose 
is to improve communications between 
these groups. 
Although still tentative, the program has 
been arranged to include formal presenta- 
tions. panel discussions, and workshop dis- 
cussions. Keynote speakers will present pa- 
pers on: "Organization as a Social Instru- 
ment." "Achieving an Effective Hospital 
Service," and "Principles of Communica- 
tion in Hospitals." 
Considerable time has been set aside for 
workshop sessions. At these sessions. doc- 


tors, nurses, administrators, trustees, and 
patients will identify problem areas in hos- 
pital-medical staff relations and hopefully 
find answers to present inadequacies. 


RNAO and College of Nurses 
Say Public Funds Needed 
For Recruitment 
Toronto. - The College of Nurses of 
Ontario and the Registered Nurses' Associ- 
ation of Ontario, in a report to the provin- 
cial Council of Health. have asked that pub- 
lic funds be appropriated for a much-need- 
ed recruitment program. 
According to the report. public funds of 
$20,000 per annum are needed if the 
RNAO is to conduct an effective recruIt- 
ment program. Current RNAO efforts in 
this direction are hampered by lack of 
funds. 
The report also recommends that an an- 
nual subsidy of $40,000 be made to the 
College of Nurses to allow it to employ two 
additional nurse consultants. Expansion of 
the consulting program is necessary if the 
College is to help faculties prepare for 
change. 
To help ease the shortage of qualified 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 7 



news 


teachers, the report suggests that a survey 
of some 400 nurses with preparation at the 
baccalaureate level be carried out to deter- 
mine the possibilities of ,attracting them into 
teaching. 
In their report, the College of Nurses of 
Ontario and the RNAO recommend that di- 
ploma schools of nursing be established in 
colleges of applied arts and technology. 
Further, they urge that immediate steps be 
taken to determine the organizational and 
administrative relationships necessary for 
the development of such programs, and, 
where feasible, for the transfer of existing 
hospital and regional nursing school pro- 
grams into the programs offered by the 
Colleges. 
The final recommendation is that the On- 
tario Council of Health. in conjunction with 
the College of Nurses and the RNAO, 
initiate studies concerning: the availability 
of recruits; requirements for nurses and 
teachers for the future; measurement and 
cause of turnover among nursing personnel; 
recruitment of non-practicing registered 
nurses to nursing; and continuing education 
for qualified teachers. 


RNAO Plan of Action 
Recommends System of 
Certification 
Toromo. - The Registered Nurses' Asso- 
ciation of Ontario's Plan of Action, adopt- 
ed by resolution at the annual meeting in 
April, recommends that courses leading to 
certification be made available to registered 
nurses. 
Two principles form the basis of the plan: 
I. that there be one category of nurse elig- 
ible for registration, who can increase her 
competencies in a variety of ways, e.g., 
through university preparation and/or 
through a system of certification; 2. that the 
concept of flexibility be utilized in the pre- 
paration of the nurse, both at the basic 
level and in continuing programs, and that 
study and experimentation be fostered with- 
in the work setting. 
The Plan of Action recommends th3t 
certification courses in clinical and func- 
tional areas be available to registered nurses 
who wish to increase their competency in an 
area of specialization. Such courses could 
be established in colleges of applied arts 
and technology and diploma schools of 
nursing that have their own boards, the 
plan suggests. 
According to the Plan of Action, the 
nurse with certification in a clinical area 
would be involved in the day-to-day provi- 
sion of care in the nursing unit. She would 
have a team relationship with the nurse cli- 
nician and nurses of other educational back- 
grounds. The nurses with certification in a 
functional area could assume management 


8 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Uniform Designed for New School of Nursing 


Regilla. - A distinctive white and blue 
uniform has been specially designed for 
students entering the Saskatchewan Insti- 
tute of Applied Arts and Sciences, the 
province's first regional school of nursing. 
The new uniform is right in step with 
Saskatchewan's new approach to nursing 
education - it is both practical and mod- 
ern. The blue A-line dress can be worn 
with or without a belt, has two patch 
pockets on the skirt, white collar and 
white piping on the sleeves, and is to be 
worn knee length. In choosing drip dry, 
terylene and cotton material, designers 
took into consideration the fact that many 
students may be doing their own laundry. 
The very practical consideration of cost 
guided designers in their choice of color. 
To eliminate the need for two sets of uni- 
forms, they chose a color that students 
could wear for both their hospital and 
public health experience. 
On the sleeve of the new uniform is a 
white and blue crest, with the letters 
S.I.A.A.S. and the words "Diploma Nurs- 
ing" that will distinguish diploma stu- 
dents from those in the nursing assistants 
program at the Institute. 
The decisions of whether or not a cap 
should be part of the uniform has been 
left to faculty and the students. 


. 


.. 


\ 


of a ward unit in certain situations, or act 
3S demonstrators in schools of nursing. 
Although emphasis would be on increas- 
ing the competency of the nurse in the area 
of specialization, the course would include 
studies in the humanities. social sciences, 
physical and biological sciences, and clinical 
specialty. The courses could be given as 
full-time day siudy or by extension. 


School for Orderlies 
Opens in Alberta 
Edmolltoll. - The Alberta Department 
of Education. Division of Vocational Edu- 
cation, has announced a program for nurs- 
ing orderlies. The Alberta Nursing Order- 
ly Program is designed to prepare the or- 
derly to give safe care as a member of the 
nursing te3m. 
The 30-week program of concurrent 
teaching will be divided into two phases, 
with clinical experience provided at three 
auxiliary hospitals and five active treatment 
hospitals. Supervising staff from the school 
will accompany the students to the clinical 
areas and will supervise, plan, and guide 
the exp.;rience in the hospital. 
The first class of 20 to 25 students will 
be enrolled on September 5, 1967. The min- 
imum entrance requirement is grade 10, 
Alberta standing, or its equivalent. 
In previous years, the nursing orderly has 
been prepared through an inservice program 
in a few of the larger institutions. These 


programs were designed to meet the nurs- 
ing service needs of the specific institution. 
With the expansion of he3lth services in 
the province, an urgent need - particular- 
ly in small hospitals, auxiliary hospitals and 
nursing homes - now exists for well 
prepared orderlies to meet the immediate 
needs in nursing service. 
The program is not expected to discour- 
age the entrance of male students to pro- 
grams leading to registration, according 10 
Mrs. Helen M. Sabin. executive secretary 
of the Alberta Association of Registered 
Nurses. Students with academic ability and 
potential to function at registered nurse 
level are encouraged to enter schools of 
nursing. 


Ontario Regional School 
Approved As Project 
For Health Resources Fund 
Ottawa. - National Health and Welfare 
Minister Allan J. MacEachen has approved 
the Cornwall Regional School of Nursing 
as a project to receive a contribution from 
the federal government's Health Resources 
Fund. 
"I am pleilsed to announce that a con- 
tribution of $306,744 will be made from 
the Fund to the School of Nursing," said 
Health Minister MacEachen. "The physical 
plant these funds will provide is indicative 
of the steps being taken to add to the ranks 
(Comillued 011 page lOJ 


SEPTEMBER 1967 



.. 


your 
Own 
11ands: 


-. 


... 


" 


soft testimony to your patients' comfort 


Your own hands are testimony to Dermassage's effectiveness. Applied by your 
soft, practiced hands, Dermassage alleviates your patient's minor skin irritations 
and discomfort. It adds a welcome, soothing touch to tender, sheet-burned 
skin; relieves dryness, itching and cracking. . . aids in preventing decubitus 
ulcers. In short, Dermassage is "the topical tranquilizer". , . it relaxes the patient 
. . . helps make his hospital stay more pleasant. 
You will like Dermassage for other reasons, too. A body rub with it saves your time 
and energy. Massage is gentle, smooth and fast. You needn't follow-up with 
talcum and there is no greasiness to clean away, It won't stain or soil linens or 
bed-clothes. You can easily make friends with Dermassage-send for a sample! 


Now available in new, 16 ounce plastic container with convenient flip-top closure. 


-- 


"" 



. 


.....-. 



 
Innassap 



... r-.l .
 
<Mtl..." ,...-p 


....... ...- 


MEDICATED 
oon
un




e' 




CMV
-th,
- 


"TRAD
M"'.IC 


c:iìØ LAKESIDE LABORATORIES (CANADA) LTD. 

 64 Colgate Avenue. Toronto e. Ontario 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 9 


SEPTEMBER 1967 



news 


(Continued from page 8) 
of graduate nurses and other medical per- 
sonnel responsible for attending the health 
needs of Canadians." 
The CornwalI Regional School of Nurs- 
ing is a new educational facility for the 
training of registered nurses, and is designed 
to accommodate 200 students on a two- 
year course. This will be folIowed by a 
one-year clinical internship in the partici- 
pating hospitals. 
Construction of the school was begun in 


May, 1966. Estimated date of completion is 
January, 1968. 
The federal Health Resources Fund, es- 
tablished in 1966, provides $500 milIion 
to support costs of constructing and equip- 
ping facilities for health training and re- 
search institutions in Canada. The Fund 
pays up to 50 percent of the costs incurred 
after January 1, 1966. 


UWO Sets 1970 Deadline 
For Nurses to Complete B.Se.N. 
London, Ont. - Nurses holding a diplo- 
ma or certificate in public health nursing, 
teaching, or administration have until Oc- 
tober 1970 to complete requirements for the 


DANDRUFF 
WARD 


DANDRUFF 
WARD 


L ________ 


You won't see this in your hospital 


We're not trying to fool you. 
We're making a point! 
That dandruff is a serious medical 
problem and the only truly effective 
treatment is the medical one - Selsun 
by Abbott. 
Selsun clears up annoying, unsight- 
ly dandruff in two or three treatments. 
(thoroughly effective in 92% to 95% 
cases reported!). 
You use it like any shampoo. Works 
fast. Comes in a handy unbreakable 
bottle. Leaves your hair glistening. 


Really, there's no room for dandruff 
in your professional or social life. Use 
Selsun and get to the root of the 
problem. 
Precautions: Occasional sensitization 
of the neck and external ear may 
occur. Falling hair which may accom- 
pany scalp treatment is usually due to 
an impoverished or diseased condition 
of the hair and scalp. 
1 Slinger, W. N., and Hubbard, D. M., Treat- 
ment 01 Seborrheic DermatitIs with a Shampoo 
Containing Selenium DisulfIde, Arch. Dermal. 
& Syph., 64:41, 1951. 


*Trademork registered 


eJ 


Selsun- 
(Selenium Sulfide Detergent SuspensIon. U.S.P.) 
ABBOTT LABORATORIES LIMITED Halifax. Montreal. Toronto. Winnipeg. Vancouver 


10 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


bachelor of science in nursing degree at the 
Univer.oity of Western Ontario. 
Aocording to UWO's dean of nursing, R. 
Catherine Aikin, the two original programs 
leading to the B.Sc.N. degree are being 
phased out. The final year of the five-year 
degree program will be offered only up to 
and including the 1969-70 academic year. 
All diploma programs in nursing were dis- 
continued at UWO in 1967. 
A four-year basic program leading to the 
B.Sc.N. degree was inaugurated at UWO 
in 1966 to replace the five-year undergrad- 
uate program. Thirty applicants have been 
accepted into the fall 1967 class. 
The University of Western Ontario also 
offers a three-year bachelor's degree pro- 
gram for registered nurses from diploma 
schools of nursing, and two graduate pro- 
grams in nursing. each of two academic 
years in length. 
Further information about the programs 
offered at UWO can be obtained from the 
Dean, School of Nursing, The University of 
Western Ontario, London, Ontario. 


Cut Vitamins in Foods 
Proposes Drug Directorate 
Ottawa. - The Food and Drug Direc- 
torate of the Department of National 
Health and Welfare has recommended that 
the maximum amount of some vitamins 
that may be added to a food be reduced, 
says Dr. R.A. Chapman, director general 
of the Directorate. 
Under the proposed regulations, the addi- 
tion of riboflavin, niacin and thiamine 
would be halved. The intake of vitamin A 
and provitamin A would remain at 2,500 
International Units daily. The intake of vi- 
tamin D was reduced from 800 to 400 In- 
ternational Units in 1965, after studies in- 
dicated that too much vitamin D in an in- 
fant's diet led to a breakdown of calcium 
in the bones. In excessive quantities it is 
also connected with congenital heart di- 
sease, and, when taken by an expectant 
mother, with mental deficiency in children. 
The new regulations also require that the 
potency of a vitamin be expressed in terms 
of a proper name, and that a list of ingre- 
dients designating the actual material used 
be provided. The new rules would not apply 
to drugs sold only for veterinary use. New 
regulations dealing with minerals and vita- 
mins in veterinary products, and the addi- 
tion of minerals to drugs also are proposed. 


Federal Contribution Allows For 
Increase in Student Enrollment 
Ottawa. - Student enrolIment will be in- 
creased from the current 213 to 275 at the 
school of nursing of the Hotel Dieu Hospi- 
tal in Quebec City. This increase was made 
possible by the approval of a $99,127 con- 
tribution from the federal government's 
Health Resources Fund to the school of 
nursing. 
In announcing approval of the contribu- 


SEPTEMBER 1%7 



news 


tion. National Health and Welfare Minister 
Allan J. MacEachen said, "Like many other 
schools of nursing and training hospitals 
across Canada, the Hotel Dieu has had to 
place certain limitations on the number of 
student nurses it could accommodate due to 
limited facilities. I am happy to state that, 
with the assistance being provided via the 
Health Resources Fund, the number of stu- 
dent nurses will be increased, hospital nurs- 
ing personnel will have centralized and im- 
proved teaching facilities, and space in the 
hospital building itself will be released for 
other requirements." 
The monies from the Fund will assist in 
defraying costs of renovating and equipping 
a three-story building near the hospital that 
will completely house the school of nursing. 
At present the school's facilities are located 
in the hospital as well as in other buildings 
in the vicinity. Space now occupied by the 
school of nursing in the hospital will be 
used for medical teaching purposes and the 
extension of the medical library. Space for 
additional beds also will be provided. 


Contract for Hamilton Nurses 
Provides Highest Public Health 
Minimum Salary in Province 
Hamilton, Ontario. - A one-year, volun- 
tary collective bargaining agreement signed 
June 25 by The Nurses' Association of the 
Hamilton Health Association and their em- 
ployer, the City of Hamilton, gives public 
health nurses in Hamilton the highest min- 
imum salary rate in Ontario. 
The contract, which covers full-time, non- 
supervisory staff, sets the minimum salary 
for a public health nurse at $5,692.92. The 
maximum is $6,550. The salary part of 
the agreement is retroactive to February, 
1967, and will be re-negotiated in February, 
1968. 
The new agreement also provides for a 
car allowance of 12 cents per mile, with a 
guaranteed minimum of $25 per month. 
The Nurses' Association worked closely 
with staff of the Registered Nurses' Asso- 
ciation of Ontario while preparing the rec- 
ommendations for the contract and during 
the actual negotiations. RNAO officials ex- 
pressed satisfaction with this first agreement. 


Research on Two Levels 
of Nurses Underway 
at Winnipeg Hospital 
Winnipeg. - A 20-bed experimental unit 
that will permit an accurate evaluation of 
the use of only two levels of nurses for 
nursing care is underway at the Victoria 
General Hospital in Winnipeg. Miss Helen 
Heath, assistant director of nursing service, 
guidance and research, reported that the unit 
will test the concept of the roles and func- 


SEPTEMBER 1967 


tions of nurses that has been put forth by 
the Canadian Nurses' Association and en- 
dorsed by the Manitoba Association of Reg- 
istered Nurses. 
The CNA wants all nursing care to be 
given by graduates of a diploma or a de- 
gree program. 
The unit will test the "supply concept" 
and the "computer concept" as well. A 
computer has been installed on the ward to 
file and record all patient data. It will keep 
medical records pertinent to patient care, 
process and store all laboratory and x
ray 
reports, OR records, admission and dis- 
charge data. It also will assess the need for 
ward supplies, provide a day-to-day sched- 
ule of patients and personnel and assist in 


determining staffing requirements, and look 
after payroll and accounting infonnation. 
The use of the computer will eliminate 
about 80 percent of paper work done 
routinely in other nursing stations. 
The staffing theory being tested is that 
professional people should perform those 
functions that they are prepared for - and 
only those functions. "Thus, nurses should 
nurse," commented Miss Heath. "The other 
two concepts will ensure that she has the 
necessary equipment, supplies, and time to 
be more concerned with clinical skills than 
managerial duties." 
"We have divided all ward activities into 
two classifications: nursing and non-nurs- 
(Continued on paRe 13) 


.. 


f" 



ust Press the Clip and It's Sealed 
It takes but a moment to identify your pa- 
tient, positively and permanently, with 
Ident-Ä-Band. Then just a glance is all you'll 
need to be sure that this is the right patient. 


Ident-A-Band ØÞ 
f j-IOLLIS

.
 


Wnte today for free 
samples and hterature 


160 BAV ST.. TORONTO 1 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 11 



'\ 


Most Pediatric 
Urine Collectors rub 
babies the wrong way. . . 
this one won't! 


The Sterilon PUC-! 0 pediatric urine 
collector is tapered, sealed and 
folded vertically rather than 
horizontally. Sound like a little thing? 
It makes a big difference to babies. 
It means there are no rough edges 
to chafe their legs; the bag rides 
between their legs not against them. It 
means maximum freedom of 
movement, maximum comfort. 
The PUC-to has a lot going for it in 
other areas, too. The oval 
opening means easy 
application to either male 
or female infants. The 
foam separator keeps the 


sides of the bag apart for easy flow. 
The large adhesive area, which 
seals at all contact points, means the 
end of seepage and leakage. It 
also means that sealing the bag after 
removal is as easy as folding the 
top over the opening. And, since the 
PUC-! 0 is made of transparent 
polyethylene plastic, it can be used 
with a diaper without danger of 
irritation or discomfort. 
The PUC-to is packaged to to a box, 
50 boxes to a case, and is available 
in both hospital clean and sterile 
versions. In addition, Sterilon also 
offers the PUC-24 with a connected 


- - 
5"1'"erllCnl 


five-foot drainage tube, designed for 
continuous and accurate 24-hour 
pediatric urine collection (also 
provided sterile). 
In short, there is a Sterilon pediatric 
urine collection unit that meets the 
exact specifications required for 
every application. And, since all 
Sterilon PUC units are completely 
disposable, the danger of 
cross-contamination is completely 
eliminated. Our formula: 
quality, safety and economy. It's 
a combination you can trust. 


doesn't let "disposability" interfere with "quality." 


STERILON OF CANADA, LTD.! A SUBSIDIARY OFTHE GILLEITE COMPANY 



news 


(Cominued from page 11) 
ing," said Miss Heath. 'The job description 
of each staff member is based on this." 
The duties of the unit coordinator com- 
bine some functions of supervisor and head 
nurse, except that she supervises nursing 
care only and is in no way responsible for 
administrative duties, supplies, or clerical 
functions. She does not supervise the work 
of the ward clerk. 
The initial staffing pattern consisted of 
a team leader on each shift, and three 
general staff nurses on days, four on after- 
noons, and one on nights. A new pattern 
has evolved, which should result in more 
effective utilization of the team leader. 
Supply technicians under the direction of 
a ward clerk complement the nursing 
functions on all shifts. These technicians 
are responsible for seeing that all necessary 
equipment for the individual patient is 
placed in the nursing cupboard adjacent to 
the patient's room, act as auxiliary ward 
personnel in preparing and cleaning equip- 
ment, but never give any patient care. 
Ward clerks are on duty from 8:00 A.M. 
until 9:30 P.M. Their night duties are as- 
sumed by the supply technicians. The ward 
clerk is responsible for all clerical activities, 
and, at present. processes all doctors' orders. 


MOVINGl 


MARRIED l 


It is expected that processing of orders will 
be a computer function in the new hospital. 
Miss Heath reported on the unit at a 
recent meeting of the CNA Nursing Service 
Committee at CNA House, Ottawa. 


Man and His Mind 
Theme of CMHA Congress 
Montreal. - Every aspect of "Man and 
His Mind" came under review during the 
recent four-day Congress on Mental Health 
presented by the Canadian Mental Health 
Association July 5-8, 1967 in Montreal. 
On the first day of the Congress, Lord 
Taylor of Harlow, one of the designers of 
Britain's National Health Service and pres- 
ident of Memorial University of Newfound- 
land, discussed Man, Mental Health, and 
Politics. 
Lord Taylor said, "Within ten years, with 
the active cooperation of your politicians 
and this association. Canada can lead the 
world in mental health care. You have the 
energy, the humanity, and the resources to 
do the job. All that is needed now is the 
will to take action." 
The following day, a panel of provincial 
ministers of health, with moderator Dr. Fre- 
deric Grunberg, Assistant Commissioner of 
Mental Hygiene for New York State, dis- 
cussed Man. Mental Health. and Govern- 
ment. Quebec's Minister of Health, the 
Honorable Jean-Paul Cloutier, outlined his 
province's planned new Mental Health Act, 
which will be based on a decentralization 


ð 

 


scheme. Under this scheme, regional Que- 
bec hospitals will offer psychiatric services. 
"The main aim of the legislation," said Dr. 
Cloutier, "is to give the mental patient the 
same rights as any other sick person and 
give him back his dignity." 
Ontario Health Minister Matthew Dy- 
mond told the Congress. "I personally be- 
lieve the government should be out of the 
business of running hospitals." He admitted 
afterward that this is not likely to happen 
in his lifetime. "Ont.lrio government spend- 
ing on mental health services has jumped 
from $40.000.000 to $100.000,000 in the 
last eight years and 60 percent of mental 
patients are being cared for in provincial 
institutions," the minister said. 
Other topics discussed during the Con- 
gress included Man. Mentdl Health, and the 
Community; M:m. Mental Health. and So- 
ciety; and Man. Mental Health, and Educa- 
tion. Professor Ouo Klineberg, President of 
the World Federation for Mental Health, 
gave the final address on Man, Mental 
Health, and International Affairs. 
Delegates to the Congress took advant- 
age of its location to visit Expo 67 during 
the third afternoon. 


More Studies Relate 
Vitamin C, Wound Healing 
Bethesda, Maryland. - Results of recent 
experimental studies by U.S. National 
Heart Institute scientists suggest that the 


WISH AN ADJUSTMENT l 


All correspondence to THE CANADIAN NURSE 
should be accompanied by our most recent 
address label or imprint. (Attach in space pro- 
vided at right.) 


---------------1 
' I ATTACH CURRENT LABEL or IMPRINT HERE I 
to be assured of , 
, accurate, fast service I 
1______--------- 


ARE YOU 
o Receiving duplicate copies? 
o Actively registered with more than one pro- 
vincial nurses' association? 


permanent reg. no. 


permanent reg. no. 


PRINT NEW NAME and or ADDRESS BELOW 
Miss/Mrs. 
Sister/Mr. 


provincial association 


provincial association 


city 


o 


Transferring registration from one provincial 
nurses' association to another? 


FROM: 


provincial ass'n. 


TO: 


nome (please print) 


street address 


zone 


province 


PLEASE ALLOW SIX WEEKS FOR PROCESSING 
YOUR CHANGE 
The Canadian Nurse cannot guarantee back copies 
unless change or interruption in delivery is reported 
within six weeks! 


permanent reg. no. 


ADDRESS ALL INQUIRIES TO: 
The Canadian Nurse, Circulation Dept. 
50 The Driveway 
Ottawa 4, Canada 


provincial ass'n. permanent reg. no. 


OTHER ADJUSTMENT REQUESTED: 


SEPTEMBER 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 13 



formation is uniquely dependent on a spe- 
cific enzyme, collagen proline hydroxylase, 
which is responsible for the synthesis of 
hydroxyproline. 
Studies by Drs. Emilio Mussini, John J. 
Hutton, and Sidney Udenfriend of the Na- 
tional Heart Institute indicate that tissues 
that are rapidly synthesizing collagen have 
high levels of collagen proline hydroxylase. 
For example. skin and lung contain large 
amounts of enzyme, while brain and kidney 
contain very little. In general, rapidly 
growing fetal tissues contain more enzyme 
than homologous tissues from the adult 
animal. Of more importance. however, is 
the finding that this enzyme may play a 


news 


enzyme collagen proline hydroxylase is ne- 
cessary for wound healing and that. in ad- 
dition, vitamin C is necessary for this en- 
zyme's maintenance and function. 
Collagen is both one of the most abun- 
dant and one of the most unusual proteins 
in the animal body. It is found in large 
amounts in such important connective tis- 
sues as tendon. cartilage, bone. and skin. 
Collagen is unusual in that it is the only 
protein which contains the amino acid hy- 
droxyproline. For this reason. collagen 


ONE-STEP PREP 


1 


r) 


with 
FLEET ENEM
 
\ single dose 
disposable unit 
FLEET ENEMA's fast prep time obsoletes soap and 
water procedures. The enema does not require warm- 
ing. It can be used at room temperature. It avoids the 
ordeal of injecting large quantities of fluid into the 
bowel, and the possibility of water intoxication. 
The patient should preferably be lying on the left side 
with the knees flexed, or in the knee-chest position. 
Once the protective cap has been removed, and thf' 
prelubricated anatomically correct rectal tube gentl; 
inserted. simple manual pressure on the containet 
does the rest! Care should be taken to ensure that 
w_
_ the contents of the bowel are completely expelled. Left 


oIÞ colon catharsis is normally achieved in two to five 
minutes, with little or no mucosal irritation, pain or 
spasm. If a patient is dehydrated or debilitated, 
hypertonic solutions such as FLEET ENEMA, must 
be administered with caution. Repeated use at short 
intervals is to be avoided. Do not administer to children 
under six months of age unless directed by a physician. 
And afterwards, no scrubbing, no sterilisation, no 
preparation for re-use. The complete FLEET ENEMA 
unit is simply discarded! 
Every special plastic "squeeze-bottle" contains 4 J /z 
fl. oz. of precisely formulated solution, so that the 
adult dose of 4 fl. oz. can be easily expelled. A patented 
diaphragm prevents leakage and reverse flow, as well 
as ensuring a comfortable rate of administration. 
Each 100 cc. af FLEET ENEMA canfains: 
Sodium biphosphate ......... . 16 gm. 
Sodium phosphate . .. ... . ...... 6 gm. 
For our brochure: "The Enema: Indications and Techniques", 
containing full information, write to: Professional Service 
Department, Charles E. Frosst & Co., P.O. Box 247, 
Monfreal 3, P.Q. 


..... 


( 


...--..... 


Þ'ltkT 
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14 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


crucial role in such poorly understood phe- 
nomena as wound healing and vitamin C 
deficiency or scurvy. 
In Heart Institute studies, young rats 
were wounded surgically and the amount of 
enzyme present in the wound was determin- 
ed every day for three weeks. For the first 
three days proline hydroxylase levels in the 
wound remained normal. Then, suddenly, on 
the fourth day, the amount of collagen pro- 
line hydroxylase in the wound rose rapidly 
- stabilizing for several days and then de- 
clining. Changes in enzyme level were clear- 
ly associated with collagen formation and 
wound healing. Areas of the body that had 
not been wounded contained normal 
amounts of enzyme. This finding represents 
the first abrupt, highly specific. localized 
enzymic change reported during the healing 
of wounds. 
In a related series of experiments, it was 
found that tissues of vitamin C deficient 
guinea pigs contain less proline hydroxylase 
than tissues of normal guinea pigs. 
Wounds heal poorly in such animals as 
they do in vitamin C deficient human 
beings. It has been previously reported by 
others that the administration of vitamin 
C to patients after surgery promotes the 
healing of wounds. The Heart Institute stu- 
dies suggest reasons for all of these obser- 
vations. The enzyme, collagen proline hy- 
droxylase, is necessary for wound healing 
and vitamin C is necessary for its main- 
tenance and function. 
The work was reported at the April meet- 
ings of the Federation of American Socie- 
ties for Experimental Biology. 


New Brunswick Hospital 
Receives Grant 
Ottawa. - National Health and Weltare 
Minister Allan J. MacEachen recently ap- 
proved a federal construction grant of 
$76,000 for the Saint John General Hospi- 
tal in Saint John, New Brunswick. 
The grant will assist costs of a major ren- 
ovation program that includes a gynecolo- 
gy department to be constructed in space 
formerly occupied by an unused nursery, 
the expansion of the inhalation therapy de- 
partment by adding a cardiorespiratory 
unit, enlargement of a number of nursing 
stations. and changes in the autopsy room. 
Expected completion date for the renova- 
tions is April, 1968. 


New Controlled Childbirth 
Classes Started in Vancouver 
Vancouver. - Pilot classes on the psy- 
choprophylactic method of childbirth are 
being conducted in Vancouver. according 
to Mrs. R. Brodie, area secretary of the 
National Childbirth Trust. 
The classes are based on the psychopro- 
phylactic method developed in Russia dur- 
ing the Second World War and popularized 
by French obstetrician Dr. Fernand La- 
maze. 


SEPTEMBER 1967 



news 


The method is based on learned re- 
sponses to stimuli leading to conditioned 
reflex actions. Mrs. Erna Wright, a British 
mid-wife and mother, has recently toured 
Canada and the United States on behalf of 
the NationaJ Childbirth Trust to publicize 
the method. 
Expectant mothers attend eight weekly 
classes during the last two months of preg- 
nancy, where they are taught correct, dis- 
ciplined responses to the sensations of child- 
birth, learning and practicing until the reac- 
tions are routine or reflex. Training includes 
control of muscles and proper breathing 
during labor. The method aims to reduce 
pain of childbirth, and increase the mother's 
self-control. 
During May, Mrs. Wright conducted two 
seminars in Vancouver, attended by case- 
room nurses, public health nurses, physio- 
therapists and doctors. The classes were 
begun at the request of an obstetrician. 
They are open to patients referred by doc- 
tors and interested professional people in- 
vited by NCf. 
Mrs. Wright's North American Tour in- 
cluded eight American cities, as well as 
Vancouver and Toronto. 


delegates. The keynote address will be del- 
ivered by the executive director of Sex In- 
formation and Education Council of the 
United States, Dr. Mary Calderone. 


School of Nursing Joins 
University of Montreal 
Montreal. - The integration of L'lnstitut 
Marguerite d'Vouville into the University of 
Montreal. was made official on June I, 
1967, when buildings recently erected on 
the campus were acquired by the University. 
The faculty of nursing will transfer its 
headquarters to the University campus. 


The faculty, which includes 32 full-time 
professors, plans to abolish the one-year 
speciaJization course leading to certification, 
but to continue the four-year basic bacca- 
laureate program and the baccalaureate pro- 
gram for registered nurses. At the master's 
level, specialization will be offered in nurs- 
ing administration and education. with a 
third option, psychiatry, expected to be 
ready by September, 1968. 
A special grant of $15,000 will enable the 
faculty to enlarge its library, which present- 
ly contains 3,000 volumes. Two librarians 
will be hired. 


(Continued on paRe 17) 


Industrial Medical Center 
Opened in Hamilton 
Hamilton. - One of the most modern 
and complete industrial medical centers in 
Canada was opened recently in Hamilton by 
Dominion Foundries and Steel Limited, aC- 
cording to Dr. R.H. Martin. medical direc- 
tor of the center. "Our main task here." 
said Dr. Martin, "is in the field of preven- 
tive medicine." 
Annual checkups will be given to all em- 
ployees of the company at the $700,000 cen- 
ter, which is equipped for tests on vision. 
hearing, blood and heart conditions. Also 
available is equipment for minor surgery. 
A full-time staff of 25, including two 
doctors, nurses, technicians, first aid men, 
and a physiotherapist, are employed by the 
center. 


Ortho Sponsors Symposium 
On Sex Education 


Toronto. - A symposium on sex educa- 
tion will be held at the Royal York Hotel 
in Toronto on Saturday, September 23 for 
those involved in any aspect of education 
or counseling. 
Theme of the one-day meeting, sponsored 
by Ortho Pharmaceutical (Canada) Limited, 
is "Family Life Planning - A Community 
Responsibility." Educators, doctors, clergy- 
men. social workers, and others concerned 
with family life education have been invited 
from across Canada. 
The Honorable William Davis, Minister 
of Education for Ontario, will welcome the 


SEPTEMBER 1967 


SUPPORT YOUR UNITED FUND 
IT SUPPORTS THE VON 


"She was six years old and she was 
diabetic. One morning she telephoned 
the office to report that her test was the 
wrong color and could 'her nurse' come 
to see her." 
In this way, a nurse of the Victorian 
Order opens a story about home treat- 
ment and training of a young diabetic 
_ one of many "success" stories about 
Canadians of all ages that can be credit- 
ed to this remarkable organization. Ca- 
nada's Victorian Order of Nurses, which 
now serves through 108 branches across 
Canada. is well known to most of us. 
We recognize the smart blue uniforms, 
the staff cars, the clear-eyed young 
women hurrying into homes in every 
part of the town. But not many of us 
know exactly what stories lie behind 
those doors. Here, from the YON's files 
is one of them. 
The little diabetic girl first came to 
the attention of the Victorian Order liai- 
son nurse while she was making her 
scheduled rounds at the local hospital. 
From the head nurse on the ward, she 
collected clinical data. notes on the 
child's progress in hospital. characteris- 
tics of the family, and the physician's 
written instructions, and forwarded this 
information to the VON office. The file 
was passed to the VON district nurse, 
who decided to begin working with the 
family before the child was discharged 
from hospital. There were two problems: 
both parents left home early each day 
for work; who, then, would give the in- 
sulin injection? There was also a lan- 
guage difficulty, the nurse knew, and 
there were many things she had to teach 
the family. 
The first home visit was arranged for 
an afternoon when the nurse could meet 
the family as a group. A ten-year-old 
brother, who had a "wonderful combi- 
nation of charm, intelligence and eager- 
ness," and who had mastered English to 
perfection, became the interpreter for 
the nurse and the family. By the time 


the little girl had arrived home, the fam- 
ily had a much better understanding of 
the problems of a diabetic. They pro- 
ceeded with confidence, with each mem- 
ber undertaking a share of the respons- 
ibility. The little girl herself. with super- 
vision. carried out the daily morning 
test. She kept a record of the results by 
drawing a smiling face when the color 
was right. Her brother and her mother 
were taught to give the insulin injection. 
The grandmother, who lived with the 
family. learned to alter her European 
cooking habits when necessary so that 
appropriate nutrition could be assured. 
After two weeks of visiting. the nurse 
felt satisfied that the family would no 
longer need her assistance. Before clos- 
ing the case she got in touch with the 
little girl's teacher and the nurse at the 
school. so that adequate account could 
be taken of the problem there. too. But 
the nurse was "on call," as the beginning 
of our story indicates, to check on pro- 
gress and give reassuranse when needed. 
Such a story typifies the home visiting 
work of this agency, which is supported 
by most of Canada's 140 united funds, 
united appeals. and community chests. 
The patients that the VON is called 
upon to serve may range from the ap- 
parently helpless cripple, who with pro- 
per care and the cooperation of other 
rehabilitation agencies can be helped 
back to il fuller life, to the diabetic who 
needs help in adjusting to new condi- 
tions and whose family needs some 
training in the new life, too. 
The essence of the work of the VON 
is the flexibility and speed with which it 
can act, and the fact that it can bring 
skilled professional care right into the 
patient's home when it is needed. regard- 
less of ability to pay. Such service is 
m3de possible largely through the gene- 
rosity of thousands of Canadians 
through their gifts, once a year, to the 
united appeals in their communities. The 
VON's splendid achievements deserve, 
through them, our continued support. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 15 



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(Continued from page 15) 


Center for Mentally III Children 
To be Developed in Sudbury 
Tororrto. - The early development in 
Sudbury of a regional diagnostic and treat- 
ment center for children suffering from 
mental and emotional disorders has been 
announced by Dr. Matthew Dymond, min- 
ister of health for Ontario. 
The center will provide outpatient, day 
care, and inpatient services for mentally ill 
and mentally retarded children. Those with 
related disabilities. such as perceptual de- 
fects and other specific disorders, also will 
be treated. 
Dr. Dymond has urged that the Sudbury 
center, one of eight under development in 
the province, be developed as soon as pos- 
sible to provide additional services for chil- 
dren in this section of the province. Due to 
the special nature of the services to be pro- 
vided in this region, the provincial govern- 
ment will assume reasonable costs of capital 
development, and will underwrite operating 
costs. 
Other centers will be established at Ot- 
tawa, Kingston, Toronto, Hamilton. Lon- 
don, Windsor, and Port Arthur. 


Facts about 
Registered 
Nurses in 
Canada 


Source: 
Research Unit, 
Canadian Nurses' 
Association, 
1967 


SEPTEMBER 1967 


Vanier Institute Launches 
Family Life Education Study 
Ottawa. - Encouraged by mounting in- 
terest from across the country, the Vanier 
Institute of the Family has launched a ma- 
jor study project on family life education 
in Canada. 
In announcing the project, Stewart Sut- 
ton, secretary-general of the Institute. said 
that the term family life education referred 
to the activity of any group or medium of 
mass communication aimed at providing in- 
formation and opportunity for people to 
approach their present and future family 
relations with greater understanding and 
sense of responsibility. 
"On a more theoretical level, the study 
should contribute to our understanding of 
problems faced in family life and to our 
knowledge of the many institutions and vol- 
untary groups that are concerned with fam- 
ily relationships and family well-being," Mr. 
Sutton said. 
The first phase of the project will be a 
survey of all groups in Canada active in 
family life education, including religious, 
health, government, labor, educational, rec- 
reational, consumer, and welfare. Consulta- 
tions also will be held with representatives 
of the education departments of each prov- 
ince. The study will seek to obtain informa- 
tion of the activities and goals of the 
groups, the regions covered and the types 


of people to whom the activities are di- 
rected. 
Also included in the first phase will be 
a review of activities in schools and the 
regular features of newspapers, magazines, 
radio and television. No auempt will be 
made in this first phase to evaluate or 
judge the content of any programs. 
Later phases of the study will focus on 
the attitudes and concerns of the public re- 
garding possible family life education acti- 
vities. Detailed studies will be made in coo- 
peration with leaders and participants in ex- 
isting programs, along with an analysis of 
the actual influence of such programs on 
family life. 
Research for the project is being directed 
by Dr. Frederick Elkin of the Department 
of Sociology, York University, Toronto. 


ICN Announces Vacancies 
On Executive Staff 
GeneVlJ. - The International Council of 
Nurses is inviting applications for two fu- 
ture vacancies on the executive staff at 
ICN headquarters. 
The position of nurse adviser is open to 
men and women who are registered nurses 
in their own country, and members of an 
ICN member organization. The candidate 
must give evidence of post-basic nursing 
education and professional experience, and 
(Continued on page 19) 


Educational Qualifications 
The graph shows the highest educational qualification of 
the 82,517 nurses who were employed in nursing in 1966. 
In addition, there were 30,349 nurses who were either not 
employed in nursing (24,638), or who did not indicate 
their employment status (5,711). Of this number, 1,000 
held a bachelor's degree, 66 a master's degree, and 4 a 
doctoral degree. 


Academic degree: 4,323 (5.2%) 


Bachelor's degree 
3,922 
Master's degree 
383 
Doctoral degree 
18 


Some post-basic 
credits toward a 
bachelor's degree: 7,814 (9.5%) 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 17 



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I news 
(Continued from page 17) 
be willing to travel widely on behalf of the 
organization. Fluency in English is essen- 
tial and a sound knowledge of a second 
European language, preferably French, is 
desirable. 
Applicants for the position of editor of 
the Intemational Nursing Review, the offi- 
cial journal of the ICN, should have pre- 
vious experience in the editorial aspects of 
magazine production. It would be an ad- 
vantage for applicants to be nurses. Com- 
plete mastery of English is required, and a 
working knowledge of French would be an 
asset. 
Application forms and further particulars 
may be obtained by writing to the Execu- 
tive Director at ICN Headquarters, P.O. 
Box 42, 1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland. 
Completed application forms should be re- 
turned to ICN Headquarters not later than 
October 31, 1967. 


New Equipment at Sacré-Coeur 
First in North America 
Hull.-L'Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur in Hull, 
Quebec, is the first in North America to 
use Télévix, a new type of radiodiagnosis 
equipment made by Phillips Electronics. It 
uses closed circuit television as well as re- 
mate control, and is more precise and fast- 
er than traditional radioscopy devices. 
It is also very compact, comprising an 


Children's Gift to Pakistan 


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A midwife leaves a maternity and child welfare center in the Karachi area 
of Pakistan to make a home call. Her kit of basic delivery tools was provided 
by the United Nations Children's Fund, as was equipment for a Children's 
Hospital in Karachi, training centers in four Pakistani cities, and nearly 350 
rural clinics. Through UNICEF, Canadian children help their less fortunate 
friends around the world by collecting funds in an annual Halloween drive, 
to be conducted as usual this year on October 31. 


entirely mechanized table. Manipulations to 
obtain the desired angulation for various 
exposures are done by remote control. 
The negative is impressed by a single 
tube above the table which makes it pos- 
sible to photograph from all angles. The 
distance between the focus and the film 
is fixed. 


Institute on Intensive Care Nursing 


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One day of a special one-week institute on intensive care nursing held at the 
Joseph Brant Memorial Hospital, Burlington, Ontario, was devoted to dis- 
cussion on the feelings and needs of patients, relatives, and staff. Role playing 
was one method of teaching used throughout the institute. The picture shows 
a "head nurse" in the unit reassuring distraught relatives. Nursing staff em- 
ployed on the intensive care unit planned, conducted, and presented the insti- 
tute, with medical staff assisting in some of the formal presentations. 


SEPTEMBER 1967 


Filming takes place 0.8 seconds after the 
localization by televised fluoroscopy, which 
eleminates the risk of error. 
This equipment makes possible zonogra- 
phies and tomographies during investiga- 
tion. Risks of radiation for the patient and 
personnel also are minimized. The operat- 
ing room has been equipped with a 360 0 
televised fluoroscopy device that makes cer- 
tain surgical interventions safer and faster. 


Alberta Nurse First Recipient 
of K.E. MacLaggan Fellowship 
Ottawa. - An Alberta nurse, Shirley 
Marie Stinson, is the first recipient of the 
newly established Dr. Katherine E. Mac- 
Laggan Fellowship. The fellowship, to be 
awarded annually in memory of the late 
president of the Canadian Nurses' Associa- 
tion, was authorized by the Board of Dir- 
ectors of the Canadian Nurses' Foundation, 
acting on a recommendation from the CNA 
Board of Directors. 
Dr. MacLaggan was a charter member 
and an energetic promoter of the Canadian 
Nurses' Foundation. 
Miss Stinson was awarded the Fellowship 
of $4,500 for study toward her doctor of 
education degree at Teachers College, Col- 
umbia University, New York. She holds her 
B.Sc.N. from the University of Alberta and 
her master's in nursing administration from 
the University of Minneapolis. She has 
held positions in public health, hospital and 
university nursing in Alberta and Ontario. 
On completion of her studies, Miss Stin- 
son will return to the faculty of the Univer- 
sity of Alberta School of Nursing. 0 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 19 



names 


Helen Lipton, a 
native of New York, 
recently joined the 
staff of Bloorview 
Children's Hospital, 
Toronto, as director 
of nursing. A gradu- 
ate of Beth Israel 
Hospital, Newark, 
New Jersey, Mrs. 
Lipton also attended Ohio State University 
where she obtained her bachelor of science 
in education degree. In 1962 she received 
her M.S. in rehabilitation from Boston 
University. 
Her appointment at Bloorview Children's 
Hospital is a first for Mrs. Lipton, whose 
career until now has centered in the United 
States. Immediately following her gradu- 
ation from Ohio State University, she 
worked in New York City as supervisor 
with the National Youth Administration, 
and later as a staff nurse in public health 
with the Brooklyn Nurses' Association. 
In 1960 she moved to Boston as clinical 
instructor in medical-surgical nursing at 
Beth Israel Hospital and the following 
year went to the school of nursing at Bos- 
ton University as an instructor in reha- 
bilitation nursing. In 1964 she moved again, 
this time to Newton. Massachusetts, as re- 
habilitation field representative at SI. 
Paul's Rehabilitation Center. 
Immediately prior to her present appoint- 
ment, Mrs. Lipton spent a year in Chicago 
as nursing administrator at the Department 
of Mental Health. Illinois State Hospital. 


Janette Blue re- 
cently joined the staff 
of the New Bruns- 
wick Association of 
Registered Nurses as 
employment relations 
office r. 
Mrs. Blue was born 
and educated in Fife, 
Scotland. She gradu- 
ated from SI. Andrew's University with a 
master's degree in English and history, and 
a diploma in education. After graduation 
she taught for a year, and in 1956 moved 
to Fredericton, where she undertook supply 
teaching for one year. 
In 1965 she became personnel officer at 
Victoria Public Hospital in Fredericton, a 
position she held until accepting her pres- 
ent post in June. 
Mrs. Blue will be concerned with the 
social and economic welfare of nurses in 
the province of New Brunswick. 


"" 


20 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Sister Lucien de 
Jésus, member of the 
Sisters of Providence, 
recently was appoint- 
ed general director 
and superior of the 
Sacred Heart Hospital 
in Hull, Quebec. A 
native of Montreal, 
Sister graduated from 
the school of Nursing at Sacred Heart Hos- 
pital. where she was named director of the 
program of studies and of the school of 
nursing in 1950. In 1958 she was appointed 
superior at St-Joseph Hospital in Lachine, 
:md in 196 I. provincial of the Sisters of 
Providence in Montreal. 
Shortly after receiving her new appoint- 
ment, Sister Lucien de Jésus became a 
member of the Association of Hospital Ad- 
ministrators of Quebec. 


...... 


.... 


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Janet Alison McKensie, a graduate of 
the school of nursing at SI. Paul's Hos- 
pital, Saskatoon, has been appointed as- 
sistant director of the St. Clair Regional 
School of Nursing in Sarnia. Director of 
the new school is Una Ridley. 
Miss McKenzie obtained her bachelor of 
science in nursing degree from the Univer- 
sity of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, in 1964. 
She worked as a staff nurse for one year 
at SI. Paul's Hospital before becoming a 
clinical instructor and head nurse at Ed- 
monton General Hospital, where she stayed 
for four years. After receiving her B.S.N., 
she was a nursing instructor for two years 
at the school of nursing at the Sarnia Gen- 
eral Hospital in Sarnia, Ontario. 
The school is scheduled to open this fall 
and already one-half of the 45 member 
class has enrolled. 


Verna M. Huffman, 
formerly consultant in 
public health nursing 
in the federal govern- 
ment's Health Ser- 
vices Branch, has 
been appointed nurs- 
ing adviser to the De- 
puty Minister of Na- 
tional Health. 
A graduate of the Peterborough Civic 
Hospital, the University of Toronto, and 
Teachers College, Columbia University, 
Miss Huffman was a staff nurse with the 
Victorian Order of Nurses before joining 
the Department of National Health and 
Welfare in 1947 as consultant in public 
health nursing. 
She spent two years in the West Indies 


and British Guiana as a public health nurs- 
ing consultant for the World Health Organ- 
ization, on loan from the Department. In 
1966 she toured Libya as part of a WHO 
team requested by their government to 
plan public health services for that country. 
Miss Huffman assumed her duties July 
IS, 1967. 


Rollande Gagné, dir- 
ector of the depart- 
ment of nursing edu- 
cation at Notre Dame 
l- ... 
Hospital in Montreal, 
recently completed 
publication of a 156- 
page book, L'hom- 
me sain ou malade, 
which she has been 
preparing for the past two and one-half 
years. The first book of its kind written 
by a French Canadian, it is also the first 
volume of the new Intermonde publishing 
house, founded and directed by Miss Ga- 
gné. Editions Intermonde was formed to 
provide French Canadian textbooks in the 
health field, and to give members of 
the health profession in Canada the oppor- 
tunity to publish their work. 
Miss Gagné is expected to publish the 
writings of four Or five French Canadian 
nurses and doctors in the near future. 
A graduate of Notre Dame Hospital, 
Miss Gagné obtained a diploma in ex- 
perimental psychology and education as 
well as bachelors' degrees in both nursing 
science and education from the University 
of Montreal. She received bursaries from 
the federal and provincial governments to 
take special courses in psychiatry at the 
Catholic University of Washington and is 
presently studying law at McGill. 
Prior to her present position, Miss Gag- 
né taught in the school of nursing at 
the same hospital. 


The new assistant director at the Sarnia 
General Hospital School of Nursing is 
Helen Louise Field, a native of Brantford, 
Ontario. Mrs. Field graduated from the 
school of nursing of Brantford General 
Hospital and obtained her diploma in nurs- 
ing education and administration from the 
University of Toronto School of Nursing. 
She held various positions at the Brant- 
ford General Hospital, including that of 
assistant director of nursing, which she 
held for two years prior to becoming a 
head nurse at the Sarnia General Hospital. 
Immediately prior to her present appoint- 
ment, Mrs. Field was clinical instructor at 
the hospital for four years. 


SEPTEMBER 1967 



--.., 


names 


- 


Dorothy M. Dent was forced to retire in 
1961. A victim of Parkinson's disease. she 
was no longer able to retain the position as 
nursing counselor that she had held for 17 
years in the Civil Service Health Division 
of the Department of National Health and 
Welfare. The past six years have been busy 
ones for Miss Dent, who says, "I fill each 
day very thoroughly." Now, the book that 
she has been working on for the past two 
years has been published. 
Called Self Help, Parkinson's Disease, 
the book was "long in the making, but the 
end result was what I wanted," said Miss 
Dent. "It is compact and condensed, with 
a bit of my humor." 
A graduate of the Ottawa Civic Hospital 
School of Nursing, Dorothy Dent took a 
postgraduate course in physiotherapy before 
she left nursing for a few years to become 
an insurance broker. When World War II 
broke out, she returned to nursing and 
served with the Fifth Casualty Clearing Sta- 
tion, RCAMC. On her return to Canada 
after the War, she studied public health 
nursing at the University of Ottawa. By 
this time, the disease that had begun some 
years earlier was causing physical symp- 
toms. In 1958 she underwent brain surgery 
at Notre Dame Hospital in Montreal. The 
operation arrested many of the parkinsonian 
symptoms for the next few years. 
Since retiring, Miss Dent has written ar- 
ticles for Weekend Magazine and has been 
a sort of "one man army helping people 
with Parkinson's disease." 


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At the beginning of 
July, Sarah Peten re- 
turned to the Congo 
to assume the posi- 
tion of head nurse 
and midwife at the 
Pay-Kongila Mater- 
nity Hospital. She 
also will be respon- 
sible for organizing 
Nurses' Training School 


and directing the 
there. 
Miss Peters held various positions in the 
Congo previous to her present ones. Among 
them were positions as head nurse, mid- 
wife, instructor, and director of the Medical 
Institute at Kajiji, Congo. 
A graduate of the St. Boniface School 
of Nursing, Miss Peters also studied at 
Antwerp Tropical Medicine Institute, St. 
Pierre Hospital in Bruxelles, M.B. Bible 
College, and the University of Saskat- 
chewan, where she received a diploma for 
teaching in schools of nursing. She speaks 
German, English, French, and Kituba 
fluently. 
The trip is sponsored by the Mennonite 
Brethren Board of Missions and Services. 


SEPTEMBER 1967 


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THE SECRET 
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it moulds itself to the shape of your 
foot curve for curve, giving evenly 
distributed buoyant support where it 
is needed. 


Conventional Insoles Cradle Arch Insole 


But that's not all: 
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only the length and width of the 
foot. Now White Cross scientific 
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fit around the girth too. 
LENGTH WIDTH C"RTH 
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At better shoe stores across Canada. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 21 



some nurses call it the P APER TAPE 
physicians call it the NON-IRRITATING TAPE 
patients call it the COMFORTABLE TAPE 


" 


MICRO PORE Surgical Tape 
The only microporous tape. 


Nurses find it ideal for routine dressing and bandaging. Its 
unique lIlicroporous construction permits unequalled evap- 
oration of perspiration. Maceration is prevented and dress- 
ings do not sweat off. MICROPORE Tape is so thin, airy, 
lightweight it looks and feels paper thin. It unwinds freely, 
doesn't tangle, tears off easily. And with MICROPORE 
Tape, valuable time is not lost from daily rounds because 
of messy adhesive residue to clean up after removal, or tape 
burn to be treated. 
Physicians appreciate the notable freedom from skin sensi- 
tization and irritation even in tape-sensitive patients. Total 
microporosity permits underlying skin to function in a nOr- 
mal manner. Unlike other adhesive tapes, MICROPORE 
Surgical Tape is X-ray clear. 



 


" 


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,......,..- 


Your patients are more comfortable with lighter, cooler, 
less bulky dressings. Their convalescence is not complicated 
by distressing skin reactions. And there is no apprehension 
at the prospect of "inching off" Or sudden "shock removal." 
MICROPORE Tape peels off painlessly without pulling 
hairs. 


No other tape has been reportcd in the literature so exten- 
sively or so favorably. (1) Depaulis, J.: La PreSse Médicale 72:841, 
1964. (2) Golden, T.: Am. J. Surg. 100:789, 1960. (3) Hu, F., et al.: J. 
Invesl. Dermal. 37:409, 1961. (4) Weisman, P. A.: Brit. J. Plastic Surg. 
16:379, 1963. (5) Valentin.: Gazelle Méd. de France 71:1430, 1964. (6) 
Murray, P. J. 8.: Brit. Med. J. 2:1030, Oct. 26, 1963. 


3M Medical Products, P.O. Box 2757, London, Canada. 
or leading Surgical Suppliers in your area. 


medical Products 3m 
P.O. 2757 LONDON. CANADA 


22 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


SEPTEMBER 1967 



dates 


September 11-22, 1967 
The Saskatchewan Human Relations 
Institute, sponsored by the Human 
Relations Council (Saskatchewan). 
For further information write: The 
Human Relations Council, 42 Lamont 
Crescent, Regina, Saskatchewan. 


September 15-17, 1967 
70th Anniversary, Aberdeen 
Hospital School of Nursing, 
New Glasgow, Nova Scotia. Write: 
Mrs. Allison MacCulloch, R.R.;;::2, 
New Glasgow, Pictou Co., 
Nova Scotia. 


September 19-22, 1967 
10th Conference on Mental 
Retardation. Chateau Frontenac, 
Quebec City. For further information, 
write: Mrs. D.M. Scott, National 
Conference Chairman, 281 Huron 
Street, London, Ontario. 


September 23, 1967 
Ortho symposium on sex education 
for those involved in education or 
counselling. Royal York Hotel, 
Toronto, 9 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. 
Late September, 1967 
The Saskatoon City Hospital 
graduates in Eastern Ontario are 
planning a reunion in St. Catharines, 
Ontario. Would graduates of the 
school in Eastern Canada please 
send names, year of graduation, and 
addresses to : Miss Ruth Schinbein, 
West Lincoln Memorial Hospital, 
Grimsby, Ontario. 


October 4-5, 1967 
Association of Canadian Medical 
Colleges, Twenty-fifth Annual 
Meeting, Skyline Hotel, Ottawa, 
Ontario. 


October 8-11,1967 
Community Planning Association of 
Canada, Centennial Year National 
Planning Conference, Ottawa. 


October 19-21, 1967 
First reunion of graduates of the 
McGill School for Graduate Nurses, 
Montreal. For further information 
write Moyra Allen, Acting President 
of the Alumnae Association, School 
for Graduate Nurses, 3618 University 
Street, Montreal 2, P.Q. 
October 24, 1967 
Joint annual meetings of Canadian 
Heart Foundation and the Canadian 
SEPTEMBER 1967 


Cardiovascular Society for nurses 
involved with coronary care units. 
Queen Elizabeth Hotel, Montreal. 
October 24-27, 1967 
Regional Workshop for Directors of 
Nursing Service in Hospitals. 
Conducted by the Canadian Nurses' 
Association. Location: School of 
Nursing, Regina General Hospital, 
Regina, Saskatchewan. 
October 21, 1967 
Eleventh Annual Symposium on 
Rehabilitation, sponsored by 
Rehabilitation Foundation for the 
Disabled and Ontario Society for 
Crippled Children, Inn-on-the-Park, 
Toronto. Write: Dr. D.A. Gibson, 
Suite 1028, 123 Edward St., 
Toronto 2, Ontario. 
October 21-22,1967 
60th Anniversary Reunion, Holy 
Cross Hospital School of Nursing, 
Calgary, Alberta. 
October 21-22, 1967 
Catholic Hospital Conference of 
Ontario, annual meeting, King 
Edward Hotel, Toronto. 
October 22-25, 1967 
Ontario Hospital Association, Annual 
Meeting, Royal York Hotel, Toronto. 
October 25-27, 1967 
Annual Convention of Alberta 
Hospital Association, Northern 
Alberta Jubilee Auditorium, 
Edmonton. 


November 7-9, 1967 
9th Annual Meeting Operating Room 
Nurses of Montreal. To be held at 
Skyline Hotel, 6050 Côte de Liesse, 
Montreal, P.Q. 
November 16-17, 1967 
ANPQ Annual Meeting, Chateau 
Frontenac, Quebec City. 
December 4-6, 1967 
First Canadian Conference on 
Hospital-Medical Staff Relations, 
sponsored jointly by the Canadian 
Medical Association, Canadian 
Hospital Association, Canadian 
Nurses' Association, Seigniory Club, 
Montebello, Quebec. 
July, 1968 
Canadian Nurses' Association 
General Meeting, to be held in 
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. 


Reeveð Nwnt Poo 
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Preferred by Nurses f verywhere! 


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ANN COHN. L.P. N. 

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No. 
100 


No. 
169 


largest.selhng among nurses 1 Superb hfetlme quahty 
smooth rounded edges . featherweight, hes flat 
deeply engraved, and lacquered Snow whIte plastic wIll 
not yellow. SatISfactIon guaranteed GROUP DISCOUNTS. 
SMART lOR Order 2 Identical (same name) Pins at discount 
prices, as prec.aution against loss and W,th 1 IonO With 2 iono, 
added convemence (less changing). 10Uor,ng 10Uorong 


1 Pm only 
2 Identical 


.60' 
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.90' 
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1 Pm only 
2 Idenhcal 


1.25 . 
2.00' 


1.55 . 
2.60' 


* IMPORTANT PJ.
sr add 2Sc per order handling cl1argf on all orders of 
] I)ms or less GROUP DISCOUNTS: 2599 pms. 5%; 100 or more, I 
BRAND NEW! ..!-,-, 1: ac tl 
 
Remove and refasten cap' .I} p -'e 
 
band Instantly for launder. va 
Ing Dr replacement I Tiny 6 Cap $ 1 ." 
moldod black plas',e 'ae. ND. Tae, _ 
damty gold cadeuceus 200 Dnlv .. 
 
CROSS Pen and Pencil 
World lamous Cross writing mstruments WlttJ 
Sculptured Caduceus Emblem Llletlme guarantee 
12 Jl!1 COlt' FillED WS'RDUS (I-IPD'.
[ 


Pencil 
Pon 
So, 


No. 6603 $8.00 
No. 6602 8 00 
No 660] ]6.00 


NO. 3503 $5.00 
NO.3502 5.00 
No.350] ]0.00 


ZIPPû Lighter wnË




eus lJj 
Famous llppc. ctJrome flmstJ, engraved green and :-::.. 
yellow Caduceus Lifetime .'FIII. It Free" Guarantee 1 
No. ]610 Lighter 6.00 ea. ppd. 



 
 Waterproof NURSES WATCH 
. SWISS made, raised Silver lull numerals. lumm mark- 
. . Ings Red.tlpped sweep second tJand, chrome stamless 
\{ case Stainless expanSIOn band plus FREE black leather 
strap. I Y' guarantee 
No. 06-925 12.95 ea. ppd. 

o

o


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Slo

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in steel Guaranteed to stay sharp 2 years 
No. 13728 Sho... 2.00 ea. ppd. 


TO REEVES COMPANY, ÃtUeboro, Mass. 02703 U.S.A. 


I 
I", 
IZ 
Iii: 
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I
 
I Z LETTERING.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
I 
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I I enclose $. . . . . . . . . {Mass. residents add 3% S. T.I 
I 
I Send to............... 
I 
: Street......................... I 
I City. . . - - . . . - - . - . .State. . . _ _ _ . . . .lIp . - . .. I 
I D Send Complete Nurses Items Catalog I 
L_________________________
 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 23 


Please send 1 Pin .J 2 Pins (same name) I 
STYLE NO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . as shown above 
METAL FINISH (1000' 1691. OGold ,S,lver 
LETTERING COLOR ,Black :J Dark Blue 


2nd Line . . . . .. 


ITEM 


QUANT. PRICE 



Opiates, radiation therapy, 
oral contraceptives, motion, 
ver · 
 0, anesthesia and 
ant iotics. . . 


"- 
" 


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there are so many reasons to remember 
Gravol 


Gravol (dimenhydrinate) available as: Gravol Tablets, 50 mg.; Gravol Capsules, 25 mg., for immediate 
release, 50 mg., in sustained release form; Gravol Suppositories, 100 mg.; Gravol Paediatric Sup- 
positories, 50 mg.; Gravol liquid, 45 mg., per tablespoonful; Gravol Ampoules (5 cc.) 10 mg. per cc.; 
Gravol Vial (30 cc.) 10 mg. per cc.; Gravol i/m (5 cc.) 50 mg. per cC. Full informafion available on request. 


FRANK W. HORNER LIMITED. MONTREAL, CANADA 


24 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


SEPTEMBER 1967 



new products 


{ 


Descriptions are based on information 
supplied by the manufacturer and are 
provided only as a service to readers. 


...a..... 


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Medi-Prep 
(MARKET FORGE) 
Description - Recent improvements to 
the Medi-Prep Medicine Station include ad- 
ded flexibility, increased storage and work 
space, and improved narcotics/hypnotics 
cabinet. It is available with choice of re- 
movable tiered shelves or adjustable flat 
shelves. The MP4 with three adjustable 
shelves is designed for use with individual 
compartment molded plastic trays and is 
also ideal for use with strip packaging and 
unit dose medication systems since the shelf 
spacing may be varied in 112" increments 
to adapt to any size dispensers. 
The MP4 Narcotics/Hypnotics cabinet is 
larger and has more shelves. The large cab- 
inet is located at eye level. An outer lock- 
ed door secures the hypnotics section. A 
second inner door with separate key secures 
the narcotics locker, with two adjustable 
shelves. Two bright red warning lights at 
the front of the Medi-Prep remain illumi- 
nated until both narcotic cabinet doors are 
locked. 
The MP4's under-counter storage space 
also .has been increased. Medi-Prep is avail- 
able in three sizes and is manufactured in 
Canada. For additional information and 
new brochure, write to Market Forge Can- 
ada Ltd., Room 2604, 800 Place Victoria. 
Montreal 3, Quebec. 
SEPTEMBER 1967 


Catalog Available 
A catalog showing a complete line of 
restraints and safety devices recently has 
been released by the Humane Restraint 
Company. This new bulletin shows al\ of 
the units, and gives complete specifications, 
sizes, materials, and suggested uses. Includ- 
ed in the catalog are descriptions of wrist- 
lets and anklets for every possible use: 
operating table, obstetrics, light weight max- 
imum security. A complete line of conduc- 
tive nylon and cotton webbing safety belts, 
as well as shoulder-chest and waist belts, 
also are described. 
The catalog would be a handy reference 
bulletin as it is concise and detailed. For 
free copies write to: Humane Restraint 
Co. Box 16, 824 E. Johnson St., Madison, 
Wis. 53207, U.S.A. 


Silastic Catheter 
(DOW CORNING) 
Description - A flexible, translucent, 
mushroom-head silicone elastomer catheter 
for prolonged or permanent indwelIing 
drainage following cystostomies and ne- 
phrostomies. The Silastic medical-grade ca- 
theter is designed with a flared distal end 
for easy attachment to standard drainage 
connectors, and a proximal end that fea- 
tures a three-flute mushroom-shaped head. 
The catheter's non wetting, silicone elas- 
tomer surface minimizes encrustation arising 
from urinary calculi, assuring long-term 
patency. In addition, its nonirritating, non- 
adherent properties further contribute to 
patient comfort. 
Further information may be obtained by 
writing Dow Corning Silicones Limited, I 
Tippet Rd., Downsview, P.O., Metropolitan 
Toronto, Ontario. 


Hoyer Patient Lifter 
(EVEREST 8. JENNINGS) 
Description - A patient lifter easily 
operated by one person of normal strength. 
A few strokes of the hydraulic lifter raises 
the patient; a turn of the release knob 
does the lowering. Guide bars make the 
Lifter easy to steer from room to room. 
All models of this Hoyer Patient Lifter are 
safety rated at 450 pounds; the pump ro- 
tates 180 degrees. A one-piece nylon sling 
is provided with the standard model. 
For further information on the Hoyer 
Patient Lifter or a catalogue illustrating 
wheelchairs, folding walkers, and other re- 
habilitation equipment, write to Everst & 
Jennings Canadian Limited, 72 Railside 
Road, Don Mills, Ontario. 


Prognosticon 
(ORGANON) 
Description - A two-minute slide test 
for pregnancy based on the immunologic 
detection of human chorionic gonadotropin 
(HCG), a hormone present in the urine of 
pregnant patients. The test is intended not 
only as a confirming test for pregnancy, 
but also as a routine screening test to rule 
out pregnancy in women of child-bearing 
age before instituting x-rays, drug therapy 
or other procedures that may be harmful to 
the developing fetus. A positive Pregnosti- 
con slide test practically always confirms 
pregnancy. In doubtful clinical cases, or 
those in which the physician requires an 
exact measurement of HCG, he may order 
the Prognosticon tube test from his clinical 
laboratory. 
The Prognosticon Slide Test kit is com- 
pletely self-contained, including a filter unit. 
filter papers, urinary pipettes, stirrers, and a 
separate lift-out section for storing those 
components that require refrigeration. 
For information on procedure and tech- 
nique, write to Organon Inc., 286 St. Paul 
Street West, Montreal, P.Q. 


Hollywood Chair 
(EVEREST 8. JENNINGS) 
Description - This wheelchair comes 
with either standard foot rest or elevating 
leg rest, both being detachable and inter- 
changeable. The elevating leg rest panels 
adjust individually for proper leg support 
and for length and elevation. Panels and 
foot rests fold inside for ease of entry and 
exit. These chairs offer versatility and are 
available in adult or junior sizes. 
For further information on the Holly- 
wood chair (model 8XBA20-78- o 15) or a 
catalogue illustrating wheelchairs, folding 
walkers, patient lifters, and other rehabilita- 
tion equipment, write to Everest & Jen- 
nings Canadian Limited, 72 Railside Road, 
Don Mills, Ontario. 


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. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 25 



Today's teenagers: 
the emotional ravages 
of acne may now be a 
thing of the past 



 


The tragedy of acne touches all of us, either 
personally or through friends. Acne is the 
curse of growing up, the heritage of puber- 
ty, an extra cross to bear through years of 
emotional change and insecurity. Every 
year it scars thousands of adolescents, many 
of them for life. 
Some learn to live with acne blemishes. 
Some don't, because acne can affect psy- 
chological development, too. It can choke 
confidence, cause embarrassment and self- 
consciousness. 
Teachers know that the popular and out- 
going student, the one who has interests 
outside of class, is a better student and will 
probably earn better marks. But the acne 
sufferers tend to avoid dates. They are 
reluctant to "show their faces". The result 
is a loss of confidence. 
Now this may all be changed. Recent 


26 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


research has developed a chemical com- 
bination that works effectively in clearing 
acne-ridden skin. Clinical studies indicate 
that about eight out of every ten acne cases 
can be either completely cleared or sub- 
stantially improved. For a long time, this 
compound was available only in the clinics 
where the research was taking place. But 
now it is commercially available, although 
it can be used only under a doctor's direc- 
tion and is obtainable only under pre- 
scription. 
The point is simple and obvious. Now acne 
sufferers need not "grow out of" acne. If 
you have acne, see your doctor. If you 
know someone who has acne, tell him to 
see his doctor. Now there is effective 
treatment. 


-published as a public service by Frarik W. 
Horner Limited. 


SEPTEMBER 1967 



in a capsule 


Beautiful working comrade 
There is a new campaign underway in 
the Soviet Union. It is something similar to 
our Royal Commission on the Status of 
Women - only in reverse. 
Equality between the sexes has been ac- 
complished so successfully in the Soviet 
Union that Ilya Selvinsky, a 68-year-old 
poet, has voiced concern. Writing in the 
Literary Gazette, the poet said, "We need 
an art that educates young boys to admire 
the miracle of beauty in women and [that 
encouragesJ young girls to aspire to imitate 
the examples of such beauty." 
He realizes that it may be hard at first 
for a construction worker to see past the 
grey overalls and heavy boots of the "work- 
ing comrade" beside him and to see "the 
most beautiful creation of nature," but, 
says Mr. Selvinsky, it must be done. Just 
because Soviet women have legal equality 
with Soviet men does not mean the sexes 
should behave and be treated exactly alike, 
the magazine article points out. 
The poet was particularly critical of 
women in academic and technical profes- 
sions who do not care how they look, ac- 
cording to a report in the Globe and Mail. 
He accused them of dressing and behaving 
very much like men in the same jobs. 
If Soviet men are going to find it hard 
to see women as more than working com- 
rades, the women may find it even harder. 
Under communism, women have tended to 
regard attention to clothes, makeup, and 
hairdos as a waste of time. They may also 
find it hard to give up the higher pay in 
construction just to remain feminine. 


Thin but curly 
Many dermatologists agree that there's an 
uptrend in the number of relatively young 
women whose hair is thinning in front (be- 
tween the top of the head and the fore- 
head), says Dr. F.F. Hellier, chief of der- 
matology at The General Infirmary, Leeds, 
England, writing in Nursing Times. The 
cause? Several have been suggested, says 
the doctor, but the most likely cause is the 
widespread use of the tight hair rollers. - 
RN, March, 1967. 


According to statistics 
Statistics show, on the average, Vassar 
graduates have 1.7 children while Yale 
graduates have 1.4 children. This proves 
that women have more children than men. 
- Executive Briefings, April, 1967. 
SEPTEMBER 1967 


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Sim One, a computerized patient, looks, sounds, even acts like a real patient. 


Computerized patient 
No doubt Sim One would wrinkle his 
skin-colored, plastic brow and drop his 
hinged jaw if he heard the price 
$272,130. That was the amount of the 
grant from the Cooperative Research Pro- 
ject of the U.S. Office of Education to the 
University of Southern California that made 
Sim One a reality. 
Sim One is a computer-controlled mani- 
kin to be used as a patient-simulator for 
training resident physicians in anesthesio- 
logy. Drs. J.S. Denson and Stephen Abra- 
hamson of the University of Southern Cal- 
ifornia, co-directors of the project, pro- 
duced Sim One. the most complex medical 
teaching tool ever devised. 
Sim One looks real: skin-colored, tex- 
tured plastic covers its frame; a hinged 
jaw permits the mouth to open and close; 
and inside the mouth are the usual tongue, 
teeth, epiglottis. aryepiglottic folds, vocal 
cords, trachea, and even bronchial tubes. 
He sounds real too: heart and artery 
sounds are generated electronically and are 
presented through an appropriately placed 
stethoscope. 
The manikin even acts real: electronic 
systems drive me. 'hanical actions to simu- 
late the symptoms and physiological res- 
ponses an anesthesiologist may encounter 
during an actual operation. Further, Sim 


One is programmed to provide appropriate 
responses to the injection of four different 
drugs, administered in varying dosages, as 
well as to the administration of both ni- 
trous-oxide and oxygen. Its programming 
causes it to respond exactly as a human pa- 
tient would to many and varied stimuli 
and drugs. 
"The educational potential of the simu- 
lator is enormous," declared Dr. Abraham- 
son. "Not only is the system designed to 
allow us to halt the procedure at any time, 
but we can also call upon the computer for 
a print-out of precisely what has taken 
place up to that point." 


Mod Clothes Create Modern Ailment 
Its victims are usually young, but the 
disease is rarely fatal. It is the new "mini- 
malady," characterized by sore stomachs 
and caused by tight-waisted mod pants and 
mini skirts. 
Particularly susceptible to this annoy- 
ing and embarrassing illness, says a British 
medical journal, are guitar players, who 
not only wear the mod styles but get extra 
aches from holding guitars too close to the 
stomach. 
So far, no complaints from the big re- 
cording groups - they're only worried 
about slipped discs and falling hair, reports 
Canadian Doctor, in a recent issue. 0 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 27 





 
trH
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\ 


New 2nd Edition! 


Heckel-Jordlln 


PSYCHOLOGY The Nurse and the Patient 


The new 2nd edition of this stimulating textbook has been 
revised and updated to give the nurse a working knowledge 
of psychology so that she, in turn, can deal more effectively 
with the many types of patients she encounters. Examining 
its subject in greater depth than the previous edition, this new 
edition (designed for basic courses in psychology in both 
diploma and degree programs) provides a completely current. 
in-depth presentation of general psychology as it relates to the 
field of nursing. A n entirely new chapter on sensation is in- 
cluded. All references are now keyed to outside readings - 
the Bobbs-Merrill Reprint and the Scientific American Offprint 
series. A new TEACHER'S GUIDE, including each chapter's 
goals, test questions, and suggested films, is provided without 
charge to all instructors using this book. 
By ROBERT V. HECKEL. B.S.. M.S., Ph.D., Professor of Psychology, Director 
of Clinicol Training, and Director of the Psychological Services Cent.r, 
University of South Carotina, Columbia, S.C.; and ROSE M. JORDAN. 
8.5., R.N., Supervisor o' In-Service Education, Gracewood Stat. School 
and Hospital, Gracewood, Ga. Publication date: January, 1967. 2nd 
edition, 340 pages plus FM I-XVIII. 611." x 911.... illustrated. Price, $8.10. 


A New Workbook! 


Lerch-Wagner 


WORKBOOK FOR GYNECOLOGIC 
NURSING 


Emphasizing the psychological aspects of gynecologic nursing 
through a situation-type, problem-solving approach, this new 
workbook can prepare your students to provide more effective 
patient care. Specially designed for courses in gynecologic 
nursing in Schools of Professional Nursing. this new work- 
book aids both teaching and learning. The presentation and 
organization are flexible; tests are provided for student self- 
examination; and a convenient answer book is provided to 
instructors adopting the workbook. 


By CONSTANCE LERCH. R.N.. B.S.(Ed.); and JOANNE K. WAGNER, R.N., 
B.S.(Nun.). Pubtication date: January, 1967. 121 pages plus FM I.X. 
711." x I ()11z", illustrated. Price. $3.80. 


Price 


A HANDBOOK AND CHARTING MANUAL 
FOR STUDENT NURSES 


The new 4th edition of this practical workbook can save you 
time as it tests and strengthens your student's knowledge of 
important fundamentals such as arithmetic, spelling, and voc- 
abulary. The importance of her personal appearance and at- 
titudes is discussed, and self-evaluation tests and practice prob- 
lems of all types are provided. One-third of the book has 
been devOied to charting. The essentials have been thoroughly 
revised to present the latest accepted methods and concepts 
plus current legal aspects. You will find that the suggestions 
for teaching this subject have been so presented that the stu- 
dent should be able to apply her knowledge of charting to 
institutions using other charting procedures. This text is ideal 
for either classroom or independent use. Perforated, punched 
pages make grading and filing easier. 
By ALICE L. PRtCE, R.N., M.A. Publication date: January. 1967. 4th 
edition, 211 pages plus FM I-X. 811." x 11". 50 illustrations. Price. $5.30 


A New Text! 


Kallins 


TEXTBOOK OF PUBLIC HEALTH 
NURSING 


Here is an effective new approach to public health nursing, 
stressing usable facts and principles of public health rather 
than theory. Designed for courses in public health nursing, 
this new text integrates essential principles of the science of 
public health with the major areas of nursing knowledge and 
practice. You will find up-to-the-minute evaluations of current 
solutions to such vital public health problems as mental 
health. drug addiction, alcoholism, air pollution control, and 
poison and radiation control. 
By ETHEL L. KALLlNS, R.N., B.S.. M.P .H.. Assistant Professor of Public 
Health and Public Health Nursing, St. Joseph College, Division of Nursing. 
Emmitsburg. Maryland. Publication date: February. 1967. 480 pages plus 
FM I-VIII. 611." x 911.... 57 illustration. Price, $8.50. 


TH E C. V. MOS BY COMPANY, l TO 
 Pu blishers 
86 Northline Road. Toronto 16, Ontario 
 


28 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


SEPTEMBER 1967 



Prenatal care and infant 
mortality among 
Canadian Indians 


Prenatal care is accepted almost without question as beneficial to both mother and 
child. It is one of those things that seems to be self-evident, clearly wise, and, 
therefore, bound to be a "good thing." Few studies have been done to show a 
definite relationship, however. This article reports on one such study. 


G. Graham-Cumming, M.B., Ch.B., D.P.H., D.T.M., F.R.S.H. 


Maternal and infant mortality has 
steadily declined as the quality and 
quantity of care given during pregnan- 
cy has increased. This would seem to 
be evidence enough to confirm the re- 
lationship between prenatal care and 
improved maternal and infant mortal- 
ity; but, in fact, few controlled studies 
have been undertaken to demonstrate 
and measure the real difference such 
care actually makes. A study under- 
taken in 1962 of child health among 
Canadian Indians may be of interest. 
It was made as an attempt to identify 
factors maintaining the high infant 
mortality rate that persists among In- 
dians. The observations that follow 
constitute only a fraction of the total 
study, which has been published by 
the Department of National Health 
and Welfare under the title Survey of 
Maternal and Child Health of Cana- 
dian Registered Indians, 1962. 
Method of Study 
In 1962 an attempt was made to 
follow every Indian child born between 
January 1 and December 31 from 
birth for a period of at least 12 
months or until previous death. Not 
only was anything that happened to 
the child noted but also as much as 
possible of what had happened to the 
mother during pregnancy, the circum- 


Dr. Graham-Cumming is Medical Liai- 
son Officer of the Medical Services Branch 
of the Department of National Health and 
Welfare, Ottawa, Ontario. 


SEPTEMBER 1967 


stances of the birth, and the condition!' 
at home. 
It proved impossible to locate and 
follow every birth registered. Actually, 
5,598 births were reported, of which 
5,552 were live births and 46 still- 
births. The difference between the 
mortality experienced by infants born 
to mothers who had received varying 
degrees of prenatal care and instruc- 
tion and that experienced by infants of 
mothers who had no prenatal care or 
instruction was quite dramatic. 
Infant mortality among Canadian 
Indians has been dropping steadily and 
with increasing rapidity but still re- 
mains at twice the national rate, as the 
following table shows. 


Table 1 
Canadian Indian 
Year Infant Mortality. 
1956 96 
1957 85 
1958 86 
1959 75 
1960 79 
1961 76 
1962 75 
1963 70 
1964 62 
1965 48 
.per 1000 live births 


Other Canadian 
Infant Mortality. 
32 
31 
30 
28 
27 
27 
28 
26 
25 
24 


The Canadian rates are derived 
from the reports of the Dominion Bu- 
reau of Statistics; the Indian rates are 
estimated by the Medical Services of 
the Department of National Health 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 29 



and Welfare. The Indian infant mor- 
tality rate decreased by 50 percent in 
the decade reported above but was 
still twice the national rate in 1965. In 
the year of study, 1962, it stood at 75 
per 1000 live births, based on deaths 
of children under 12 months during 
that calendar year and the number of 
live births registered during the same 
period. 
Among the sample of 5,552 live 
births studied that year and followed 
until December 31, 1963, there were 
444 deaths, giving an infant mortal- 
ity rate of just under 80 per 1000 live 
births. 


Influence of prenatal care 
Prenatal services are offered to Ca- 
nadian Indians at departmental health 
centers and nursing stations staffed by 
public health nurses, at a number of 
clinics established in connection with 
various hospitals, and in the offices of 
private physicians in practice in com- 
munities adjacent to reserves. Special 
financial agreement is made for the 
latter. 
Pregnant Indian women increasingly 
avail themselves of these services but 
many still show reluctance or apathy 
toward them and the majority of 
women still report only late in preg- 
nancy. Some report early in pregnan- 
cy then fail to return. In the 1962 sur- 
vey, it was possible to classify the 
mothers into six main categories and 
note the associated mortality among 
their children. The categories were: 
mothers who were known never to 
have had any prenatal care; mothers 
who were not known to have had any, 
but were unlikely to have had any; 
mothers who had prenatal care early 
in pregnancy and regularly throughout; 
mothers who had had regular care dur- 
ing the later months of pregnancy; 
mothers who had reported only at the 
last minute and received only minimal 
care; and, finally, mothers who had 
reported early but had not returned for 
continuing supervision. Table 2 shows 
the association of prenatal care with 
infant mortality. 
Mothers who received no prenatal 
care lost over 10 percent of their chil- 
dren (based on live births); mothers 
who received prenatal care for the full 
30 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Table 2 
Duration of Prenatal Care and Associated Infant Mortality 
Duration of prenatal supervision Number of births Mortality Mortality Rates 
Total Live Still- Died in Still- Infant 
born first year births deaths 
per per 
1,000 1,000 
total live 
births births 
All three trimesters 659 655 4 25 6 38 
Second and third trimesters 990 984 6 50 6 51 
<:ubtotal well supervised 1,649 1,639 10 75 6 46 
1st or 2nd or 1st & 2nd trimesters 
only (dropouts) 194 191 3 17 15 89 
3rd trimesters (57 women) only or 
1st and 3rd trimesters (late) 1,145 1,137 8 78 7 69 
ubtotal late or irregularly 
upervised 1,339 1,328 II 95 8 72 
Known not to have been supervised 584 577 7 61 12 106 
Not known to have been supervised 2,026 2,008 18 213 9 106 
ubtotal probably nOI supervised 2,610 2,585 25 274 to 106 
Grand total 5,598 5,552 46 444 8 80 


Sour.e: Survey of Maternal and Child Health of Canadian Regi.tered Indian. 1962, Table 17 


Table 3 
Attendance at Prenatal Classes and Associated Infant Mortality 
Duration of attendance at prenatal Number of births Mortality Mortality Rates 
classes Total Live Still- Died in Still- Infant 
born first year births deaths 
per per 
1,000 1,000 
total live 
births births 
All th ree trimesters 679 674 5 38 7 56 
Second and third trimesters 1,024 1,018 6 53 6 52 
<:ubtotal of regular altenders 1.703 1,692 II 91 6 54 
Attended briefly in 1st, 2nd, or 1st 
& 2nd trimesters only (dropouts) 260 257 3 20 12 78 
Attended in 3rd trimester 
(62 women) only or briefly also 
in 1st (late) 1,346 1,338 8 100 6 75 
Subtotal altending late or 
'rregularly 1,606 1,595 II 120 7 75 
Known not to have attended 497 492 5 52 10 106 
Not known ever to have attended 1,792 1,773 19 181 11 102 
Subtotal probably never attended 2,289 2,265 24 233 10 103 
Grand Total 5,598 5,552 46 444 8 80 
Sou,.e: Survey of Maternal and Child Health of Canadian Regilte,ed Indion., 1962, Table 19. 
SEPTEMBER 1967 



duration of their pregnancy lost only 
3.8 percent. Mothers who had attend- 
ed prenatal clinics regularly for the 
greater period of their pregnancy lost 
5 percent of their children (based on 
live births), but mothers who had at- 
tended late or irregularly lost 7 per- 
cent. Mothers who had reported early 
but failed to continue to attend lost 9 
percent of their children (based on 
live births). Actually there is no true 
statistical difference between the mor- 
tality rate for this group and that of 
the group not having any supervision; 
in other words, it can be said that 
those mothers who dropped out reaped 
no benefit whatever. 
Mortality among the children of 
mothers who had continuous supervi- 
sion from the first trimester was vir- 
tuaIly half that experienced among 
children whose mothers reported only 
in the third trimester. Even in that 
group of late comers, the infant mor- 
tality rate was significantly less than 
among the children of mothers who 
did not have any supervision. 
There was also a significant differ- 
ence in the stillbirth rates, although 
undoubtedly stillbirths had been poor- 
ly reported. 
Child care classes 
In addition to prenatal examination 
and advice by a physician, nurses con- 
ducted classes in the care of infants 
and preparation for their arrival. Reg- 
ular, late, sporadic, a few brief ap- 
pearances early in pregnancy, or com- 
plete nonattendance also were asso- 
ciated with differences in mortality 
rates. Much the same findings resulted. 
Obviously mothers who attended these 
classes would be the mothers most 
readily persuaded to attend prenatal 
clinics for examination by a physician. 
Table 3 sets out the association found. 
Again, regular attendance during 
the greater part of pregnancy was as- 
sociated with a 5 percent loss of in- 
fant life and a relatively low stillbirth 
rate. Nonattendance was associated 
with over 10 percent loss of infant life 
and a much higher stillbirth rate. Spor- 
adic or late attendance was associated 
with nearly 8 percent loss of infant 
life. 
It cannot be argued that mere at- 
SEPTEMBER 1967 


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tendance at these classes affected the 
reduction in mortality rates. The type 
of woman who would attend such clin- 
ics regularly would be the more con- 
scientious type of mother and therefore 
the kind of woman most likely to learn 
and benefit from advice given. The 
erratic attenders would tend to be the 
more casual type of woman and non- 
attenders could be indifferent or biased 
against modern methods and "new 
ways." 
In a concomitant study of the ages 
of mothers attending these clinics and 
classes, it was revealed that the major- 
ity of nonattenders were older multi- 
parous women; nearly all the regular 
attenders were young married women 
having their first or second baby. 
The greater number of those who 
attended at all, however, fell into the 
category of late comers who reported 
only late in the third trimester and 
appeared to reap relatively much less 


benefit although they did benefit in 
comparison with the nonattenders. 


Summary 
In 1962, only some 30 percent of 
Indian mothers were making good use 
of available prenatal services. About 
the same number could be said to 
make fair use of services. The remain- 
ing 40 percent made little use of these 
services, many, none at all. For the 
most part, these were as readily avail- 
able to them as to the others. It was 
among the latter group that the highest 
infant mortality was found. Infant 
mortality among the group that made 
really adequate use of the services 
available actually was not greatly in 
excess of the Canadian infant mortal- 
ity rate in 1962, which, as shown in 
Table I, was 28. 
The 2,610 mothers who did not at- 
tend prenatal clinics lost 274 of their 
babies (born alive), whereas the 2,988 
who did have some degree of atten- 
tion lost only 170 of their infants. The 
2,289 women who never attended a 
prenatal instruction class lost 233 of 
their live born children, as against 2 I 1 
lost by the 3,309 women who attend- 
ed at least one class. 
Failure to make use of available 
services would appear to be one major 
factor in maintaining the high Indian 
infant mortality rate. The evidence 
would also seem to indicate that, 
among Canadian Indians, prenatal ser- 
vices are decidedly effective in reduc- 
ing infant mortality. The effect is in 
direct proportion to the extent and 
duration of utilization. 0 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 31 



The Canadian Nurse is always delighted to hear from readers with a "better idea." Send yours to share with your nursing colleagues. 


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Homelike Equipment for Hospital 
"It's just like the Jolly Jumper I 
have at home," this young patient 
seems to be whispering to the nurse. 
The nurse, too, seems happy that her 
young patient is able to take an in- 
terested and active part in ward af- 
fairs. Even treatments do not seem 
to ruffle the atmosphere. 
The Jumpers have a medical func- 
tion as well. They serve to stimulate 
babies with congested chests and pro- 
vide exercise to help loosen secretions 
before the infants are postured and 
"pummelled" to help them cough. 
Use of homelike equipment helps 
very young patients adjust to hospital, 
prevents boredom, and allows them to 
be active rather than confined to crib. 
The Winnipeg Children's Hospital de- 
partments have a good supply of home 
items that free mothers from constant 
"baby-tending," and that work equal- 
ly well as "nurse-savers." - Mrs. G. 
Steiman, Nursing Supervisor, The 
Children's Hospital of Winnipeg. 


32 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


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Pediatric Art Contest 
An art contest for pediatric pa- 
tients produces happy ward participa- 
tion, good publicity, and a Christmas 
card for our hospital. 
Our Christmas Card Contest started 
a few years ago to help us find a 
children's card that we could designate 
as the hospital's official card and sell 
in the Christmas Card shop run by 
our Women's Auxiliary. 
Hospitalized children prepare and 
submit their entries and these are 
displayed in the hospital foyer in the 
late spring. A distinguished set of 
judges, usually well-known artists, 
and, last year, the director of the 


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Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, re- 
view the entries and chose a winner. 
The judging receives good publicity 
in the press and on TV, and this helps 
sell the cards later. All proceeds come 
to the hospital, of course. Winners 
receive appropriate prizes, and you 
can be sure there are many consola- 
tion prizes. 
The contest is now a Montreal 
Children's Hospital tradition. It is 
eagerly looked forward to by staff and 
small patients alike. - Mrs. Phyllis 
Lee Peterson, Public Rela1Íons Officer, 
The Montreal Children's Hospital, 
Montreal, Quebec. 


SEPTEMBER 1967 



idea 
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Toothbrush and Suction Combined 
To give good oral hygiene and 
clean a patient's teeth thoroughly, the 
nurse usually prefers to use a tooth- 
brush and tooth paste. If the patient's 
condition is such that he is unable 
to expectorate, it is difficult to do 
this procedure properly. We have de- 
vised a method of removing the fluids 
while the teeth are being cleaned. 
A soft-bristled toothbrush is fitted 
with a =#= 18 straight suction catheter 
(see diagram). A hole is drilled 
through the toothbrush and the suc- 
tion catheter is threaded through the 
openings and extended past the 
bristles. A plastic Y connector joins 
the catheter to the suction apparatus. 
The procedure is carried out in the 
usual manner and the fluids are re- 
moved by suctioning. Gentleness must 
be exercised both for the comfort of 
the patient and for the protection of 
the mucous membrane. 
This method has been of assistance 
in giving oral hygiene to patients with 
a low level of conciousness. It is also 
useful in a case of fractured mand- 
ible when the upper and lower jaws 
are wired together for immobilization 
of the fracture. - Miss Jessie F. 
Young, Supervisor, Neurosurgical Nur- 
sing, Toronto General Hospital, To- 
ronto, Ontario. 


SEPTEMBER 1967 


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Instant Inventory 
A helpful trick to maintain neat- 
ness, keep necessary instruments on 

and, .and minimize loss of equipment 
IS an Idea we call "instant inventory" 
- a hint borrowed from garage work- 
benches. Rough outlines of items are 
painted on shelves and in drawers. A 
quick glance, and you know what is 
missing. 
Embossed labels on shelf doors and 
drawers also help staff to locate items 
quickly. To help inventory procedures 
an<;l make. 
estocking possible even by 
rehef auxlhary staff, each label gives 
the standard quota for that item. 
These two small tricks help supply- 
room personnel to provide profes- 
sional staff with what they need, where 
they need it, and when they need it. 
- Mrs. Phyllis Waselenchuk, CSR 
Head Nurse, Bethesda General Hos- 
pital, Steinbach, Manitoba. 


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"Swap Day" 
This spring, our regular supervisor- 
head nurse meeting took on the at- 
mosphere and appearance of a rum- 
mage sale - with two differences: 
everything was for exchange rather 
than for sale, and all the articles 
were hospital equipment. The idea of 
"Swap Day" to exchange equipment 
betw.een head 
urses is not original, 
but It was the fIrst time we had tried 
it and results were most gratifying. 
Because of the gradual growth and 
change in size and services in our 
hospital, the census, ages, and con- 
ditions of patients assigned to various 
units had changed. Yet, equipment of- 
ten remained where first located, even 
though it was no longer in use. 
Our director of nursing suggested 
that each head nurse bring all unused 
but usable equipment to this meeting. 
The result was a surprisingly wide 
asso
tment of hospital equipment, 
rangmg from a spare movie reel and 
a baby tenda to commodes and desk 
blotters. Perhaps the most common 
articles were assorted sizes of treat- 
ment trays and bowls and lifting for- 
ceps and their containers. Two pre- 
cious wheelchairs for children turned 
up on a ward now caring for toddlers. 
A.grill-pan 
as claimed by an imagin- 
atIve supervIsor to decorate and con- 
vert into an attractive planter. 
Only two or three items were left 
at the close of the exchange. We had 
shared the fun of "bargain day," and 
equipment that had been lying idle 
was once more put to good use. - 
Miss Helen A. Saunders Inservice 
Education Supervisor, Roýal Jubilee 
Hospital, Victoria, British Columbia. 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 33 



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A need for approval 


Handicapped children have a strong desire for social approval and acceptance. 
The nurse must recognize that her own needs for social approval and acceptance 
may inhibit her efforts to encourage her patients to function independently. 


'oav Gozali, Ph.D., and Helen Moogk, B.N., M.A. 


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The nurse's words of encouragement to this little girl, 
will be more helpful than physical assistance. 


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34 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


SEPTEMBER 1967 



Karen is ten years old, a small 
girl with a big warm smile. She has 
a congenital defect; this seriously lim- 
its her walking. She has learned to 
walk with crutches but will never walk 
unaided. Miss Marden is a nurse, 
working at a summer camp for handi- 
capped children. She was accustomed 
to children in hospital, but not cer- 
tain how she would get along with 
them in a summer camp. 
Miss Marden met Karen on the first 
day of camp, at a craft class where 
the girls were making containers for 
hair-rollers by covering plastic jars 
with colored cloth. Karen came over 
to Miss Marden, who was watching 
the group, grabbed her hand and ask- 
ed her to come to see her work. Miss 
Marden was pleased at this, and sat 
down by Karen and inspected her 
work. Karen was having a difficult 
time, her stitches were uneven, the 
cloth soiled and wrinkled. 
Miss Marden took the material, and 
tried to fix it, and Karen was delight- 
ed with the help. When the hour end- 
ed, Karen had a pretty box, finished 
by Miss Marden. Karen showed it to 
the other children, saying, "She's a 
nice nurse, look what she did for me 
. . . she's my friend." Miss Marden 
felt a glow of satisfaction at having 
given this pleasure to Karen, and she 
helped Karen move on to her next 
activity. 


Taking the easy way 
With many handicapped individ- 
uals, it is often easier for the nurse 
to do things for them, rather than to 
help them in the difficult process of 


Miss Moogk is a lecturer in the School 
for Graduate Nurses, McGill University, 
Montreal. She is a graduate of the Hospital 
for Sick Children, Toronto, and has her 
B.N. from McGill and her M.A. from New 
York University. Dr. Gozali is director of 
research of the Curriculum Research and 
Development Center in Mental Retardation, 
Ferkauf Graduate School of Humanities 
and Social Sciences, Yeshiva University, 
New York City, New York, U.S.A. 
SEPTEMBER 1967 


helping themselves. With the best of 
will, an attendant may, for example, 
feed a child with cerebral palsy, in 
preference to the long and often un- 
tidy process of letting him feed him- 
self. This problem is further com- 
plicated by the subtle interaction when 
the patient encourages and rewards 
the nurse for being so helpful and 
doing things for him. 
Patient-nurse interaction patterns 
should be observed as a dynamic and 
complex system. Much of the dy- 
namism and complexity is caused by 
conflict. Efficient hospital care may 


conflict with independent function. 
Immediate reward may contradict 
long-term goals. Some of these ob- 
servations are readily identified in the 
story of Karen and her nurse. 
To ameliorate or modify effects of 
handicaps on overall development, 
many institutions and groups caring 
for the handicapped child plan a pro- 
gram of care that considers all aspects 
of growth and development and not 
simply the treatment of the disability. 
Thus, orthopedic treatment wards may 
also provide schooling, occupational 
and diversional therapy. The child's 



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The nurse may be tempted to feed a handicapped child. 
Yet her aim must be to develop independent action. 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 35 



family is involved in his care both 
in hospital and at home. Other com- 
munity groups provide services at- 
tempting to increase the range of ac- 
tivities available to the handicapped. 
This movement has been identified 
as patient-centered treatment. It fos- 
ters and amplifies abilities rather than 
disabilities. Within this conceptual 
framework, nurses try to stress the 
development of independence in these 
children, within the limits set by their 
conditions. 
Research on personality develop- 
ment in handicapped children has pro- 
duced some inconsistent and contra- 
dictory findings. l Some studies have 
identified specific personality differ- 
ences between handicapped and non- 
handicapped children. Others show no 
such differences. Connor summed up 
what other workers also had found: 
"Essentially, children with motor dis- 
abilities are not very different from 
others. Their psycho-social handicaps 
result, for the most part, from the 
impact of society's reaction to physical 
deviation, and from the child's inter- 
pretation of this reaction to his limit- 
ations, and from discrepancies be- 
tween his aspirations and capacities."2 
Study effects of hospitalization 
A study was undertaken to identify 
the effects of long-term hospitalization 
on the disabled child's need for social 
approval. It was hypothesized that 
handicapped children will tend to de- 
scribe themselves as having socially 
desirable characteristics, and will de- 
pend much more than non-handicap- 
ped children on other people's evalu- 
ation and approval. 
Twenty-two children hospitalized 
with orthopedic handicaps were se- 
lected for the study. Criteria for the 
selection were: age eight to twelve 
years; not less than six months hos- 
pitalization; physical disability (either 
congenital or present from an early 
age); and average intelligence. 
Ten boys and 12 girls were selected, 
with a mean age of 10.6 years. Diag- 
noses included club feet, anomalies 
of the hands, and arthrogryposis. 
36 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


A special Children's Social Desir- 
ability Questionnaire 3 was used. It 
measures a child's tendency to give 
socially desirable responses to state- 
ments representing middle-class norms 
and values. The questions are so word- 
ed that the child can answer them 
in a socially acceptable way only by 
dissembling. The questionnaire con- 
sists of 47 Yes-No items, such as 
"Do you sometimes tell a little lie?" 
or "Are you always polite to older 
people?" By answering "No" to the 
first question and "Yes" to the second, 
the individual may hope to present 
himself as socially desirable. The ques- 
tionnaire was administered orally in 
individual sessions. In most cases, 
questions were read to the child, who 
was in his hospital bed. Group scores 
ranged from 8 to 41, with 29.27 and 
a standard deviation of 9.11. 
Scores were summarized and com- 
pared with normative data of groups 
in grades three, four, and five. Find- 
ings showed that institutionalized 
children tended to depend consider- 
ably more on the approval of others 
than did the non-institutionalized 
groups. Furthermore, the handicapped 
child tended to score more like the 
younger non-handicapped student. Ac- 
cording to Crandall, children who 
have these high scores on the ques- 
tionnaire may be those who are shy, 
withdrawn, unsure of themselves in 
social situations, lacking in self-con- 
fidence concerning their own social 
skills, and with a low sense of per- 
sonal worth. 4 This type of personality 
profile is the exact opposite of what 
is aimed for in patient-centered care 
of the handicapped child. 


Implications for nursing 
What implications would this have 
for nurses and others caring for hand- 
icapped children? 
First, nurses must be aware that 
these children may tend to do things 
to please and to gain approval; they 
may accept ministrations gratefully to 
please us. This may hinder efforts 
to encourage the child to act for him- 
self, to make independent decisions, 


and to learn to direct his own course 
of action. Second, one of the harder 
tasks in learning to be a nurse is 
learning to differentiate the therapeutic 
nursing role from a friendly, social 
one. The nurse has to gradually learn 
to make decisions concerning care 
needed by her patients to help them 
move toward optimum health and in- 
dependence. 
The illustration of Karen and Miss 
Marden shows the way nurses and pa- 
tients may reinforce in each other be- 
havior that increases the child's de- 
pendency. The child's gratitude and his 
affectionate attachment to the nurse 
are pleasing to the person who wants 
to comfort and care for others, and 
who wants appreciation for her efforts. 
With handicapped children, nurses 
must consider the possibility that chil- 
dren's behavior may be motivated by 
their need to be accepted and to gain 
approval. There is need for constant 
awareness of the meaning of one's 
own behavior, with the goal of en- 
couraging in the children independent 
action, self-care, and free expression 
of their own feelings and ideas about 
themselves and their world. 


References 
l. Pringle, M.L. Kelmer. The emotional 
and social adjustment of physically hand- 
icapped children. Educational Research, 
vol. XI, no. 3, June 1964, p.207. 
2. Connor, Francis P. The education of 
crippled children. Education of Excep- 
tional Children and Youth. Englewood 
Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall Inc., 1958, 
p.436. 
3. Crandall, Virginia c., Crandall, Vaughn 
J. and Katkovsky, W. A children's social 
desirability questionnaire. Consult. Psy- 
chol. vol. XXIX, no. 1, February 1965. 
p.27 
4. Ibid. [] 


SEPTEMBER 1967 



The nurse responsible for initiating 
treatment for the person with epistaxis 
has to evaluate the condition. If the 
bleeding is minor, she can cope with it 
herself; if it is severe, she will assist 
with the prescribed treatment. 


Common causes 
Trauma is the most common cause 
of epistaxis. Minor or severe bleeding 
can result from nasal contusion; for- 
eign bodies in the nose; overzealous 
blowing of the nose; severe sneezing; 
nasal surgery; too forceful inhalation; 
and the inhalation of substances that 
irritate the mucous membrane. 
Non-traumatic causes of epistaxis 
include blood disorders, such as hemo- 
philia and leukemia. In these instances, 
severe bleeding is a complication of 
the disease. Diffuse bleeding from the 
nasal membrane occurs, but without 


Epistaxis 


Bleeding from the nose is a common form of hemorrhage. The nurse must know 
the cause and source of bleeding as well as the appropriate methods of treatment. 


spontaneous hemostasis. 
Persons with hypertension and arte- 
riosclerosis are particularly susceptible 
to nasa] bleeding. The popular belief 
that this is a factor in preventing a 
cerebrovascular accident is without 
foundation. When an individual is over 
50 years of age and has poor circu]a- 
tion as a result of arteriosclerosis, 
blood loss can lead to a decrease in 
arterial tension with subsequent myo- 
cardia] infarction. 
Certain ]ocalized infections, such as 
rhinitis, sinusities, and nasopharyngitis, 
may be accompanied by epistaxis. 
Contagious diseases, such as scarlet 


This article was written by a group of in- 
structors and students in the medical-sur- 
gical nursing care course at L'Institut Mar- 
guerite d'Youville, Montreal, Quebec. 


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SEPTEMBER 1967 


fever, smanpox, measles, and whoop- 
ing cough also may predispose to se- 
vere nasal bleeding. 
Epistaxis also may result from cer- 
tain types of gas poisoning; rapid de- 
compression in caissons; and atmo- 
spheric pressure changes, such as those 
encountered at high altitudes. Low hu- 
midity may cause drying of the mu- 
cous membrane, which then becomes 
fragile and more prone to bleeding. 
Anergies, new growths, intranasal fib- 
roma, angioma, and ulceration of the 
septum are additional causes of nasal 
bleeding. 
The amount of blood Joss varies ac- 
cording to the cause. Minor epistaxis 
is characterized by steady dripping 
from one nostril. A profuse flow of 
blood from both nostrils, which may 
occur in nasa] fracture or blood dys- 
crasia, is indicative of severe epistaxis. 


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THE CANADIAN NURSE 37 




 


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38 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Site of hemorrhage 
Epistaxis occurs when there are 
breaks in the walls of the capillaries 
or arterial branches that supply the 
nasal septum. The lesions are usually 
located in the anterior or posterior 
nares. 
In 90 percent of cases, nasal bleed- 
ing stems from local erosion of the 
wall of a varicosed blood vessel in 
Kiesselbach's area. This is a highly 
vascular section of the nasal mucosa 
located on the lower anterior nasal 
septum. The external carotid is usually 
the source of the bleeding, and the 
flow tends to be light in most cases. 
When bleeding arises from the pos- 
terior part of the nose, it is difficult 
to pinpoint the exact site. The blood 
flow is more profuse than in lesions 
of the anterior nares, and generally 
is through the inferior meatus. It 
originates either from the external or 
internal carotid, or from the anterior 


ethmoidal artery. 
Bleeding from the paranasal sinuses 
may accompany certain types of cere- 
bral trauma or neoplasms. Blood dys- 
crasias may result in generalized bleed- 
ing from the nasal membrane. 


Treatment and nursing care 
The objectives are to prevent exces- 
sive cellular anoxia and shock. The 
brain, heart, and kidneys are partic- 
ularly vulnerable to anoxia and vas- 
cular hypotension. Prevention of shock 
is of prime concern in the treatment 
of severe epistaxis, and there is equal 
physiological justification for giving 
careful attention to minor bleeding. 


Minor epistaxis 
Inducing hemostasis by digital pres- 
sure on the bleeding vessels is a basic 
principle in the treatment of minor 
epistaxis. The patient should be seated 
in an armchair, if possible, since the 
SEPTEMBER 1967 



arm rests support him in a forward 
leaning position. This helps to prevent 
blood swallowing or aspiration, and 
also favors cerebral circulation. (If the 
blood flow is through both the anterior 
and posterior orifices, some blood may 
trickle into the pharynx, be swallowed, 
and later vomited as it clots.) 
A sitting position decreases the 
oxygen needs of the tissues, thus 
delaying the development of anoxia 
in the vital organs. It also di- 
minishes the blood supply and the 
blood pressure at the bleeding point. 
Tight collars, neckties, and necklaces 
should be loosened or removed so 
that the neck is free from all cons- 
traint. Firm pressure is exterted on the 
bleeding nostril, compressing it against 
the nasal septum. This is done by the 
nurse or by the patient himself. 
During this initial phase of treat- 
ment, the nurse questions the patient 
about the origin and duration of bleed- 
ing; the general state of his health; 
any treatment that he is presently re- 
ceiving; and history of previous bleed- 
ing. She also notes his reaction to the 
room temperature and gives him more 
air as necessary, while protecting him 
against chilling. She reassures him, re- 
membering that what is done is more 
comforting than what is said. 
The nose is then gently cleansed. 
Clots are removed so that the bleeding 
point can be definitely pinpointed. The 
patient is instructed to breathe deeply 
and slowly through his mouth while 
pressure is exerted on the nostril. Ice 
compresses to his forehead and across 
the bridge of his nose help to reduce 
the blood supply at the site and also 
encourage vasoconstriction. After five 
minutes of digital pressure, the nostril 
is gradually released. The patient is 
told not to inhale through his nose 
or sniff since this may dislodge the 
clot at the bleeding point. 
A hemostatic tampon soaked in hy- 
drogen peroxide or adrenalin hydro- 
chloride 1: 1 000 may be ordered for 
insertion into the bleeding nostril prior 
to exerting digital pressure. 
The nurse should teach the patient 
how to control the bleeding himself 
SEPTEMBER 1967 


by having him apply pressure on the 
soft part of the nose. She emphasizes 
the importance and need of consulting 
a doctor if epistaxis recurs and if 
bleeding increases in severity with re- 
peated attacks. She suggests the inclu- 
sion of bloods high in vitamin C in his 
daily diet. 


Severe epistaxis 
If bleeding is persistent, the nurse 
notifies the doctor. Anterior rhinos- 
copy and examination of the oro- 
pharynx are carried out to assist in 
localizing the bleeding point. Treat- 
ment may include packing, cauteriza- 
tion, or ligation of the blood vessels 
supplying the site. 
Persistent bleeding from the ante- 
rior part of the nasal septum requires 
aspiration of blood and clots followed 
by packing. A wick soaked in a he- 
mostatic solution is introduced into the 
nasal fossa through the nostril and 
packed in folds from back to front. 
The end of the wick is fastened to the 
outside of the nostril so that the pack 
cannot escape into the pharynx. The 
packing remains in place for about 48 
hours, but no longer, because of the 
danger of infection. Antibiotic therapy 
is used in conjunction with this treat- 
ment. A sedative is prescribed to re- 
lieve the patient's discomfort and 
anxiety. 
The patient is instructed to avoid 
sneezing or blowing his nose for some 
time after the removal of the packing. 
A greasy preparation is applied to the 
mucous membrane of the nostril for 
one week to avoid drying. 
The nurse observes the patient's 
reaction to the bleeding and treatment, 
attemps to create an atmosphere that 
will help him cope with his problems, 
whatever they may be: headache, res- 
piratory difficulty, fear of persistent 
bleeding, weakness, infection. 
The site of bleeding is difficult to 
determine when bleeding is from the 
posterior part of the nose. Since the 
usual treatment to produce hemostasis 
consists of inserting a postnasal pack, 
the patient generally is admitted to 
hospital. 


A rubber catheter is directed 
through the nose and drawn out the 
mouth. The postnasal pack, which has 
two strings at one end and one at 
the other, is attached to the end of the 
catheter. The catheter is then with- 
drawn through the nose, pulling the 
strings and pack into the nasopharynx. 
The two strings are tied around 
gauze at the outside of the nostril; the 
single thread is allowed to hang down 
into the pharynx, and later is used 
to withdraw the pack. The anterior 
nares usually are packed with gauze 
that has been impregnated with an an- 
tibiotic ointment. 
The nurse must be aware of all pos- 
sible problems. She checks the position 
of the strings on the packing to be 
sure that they have not slipped out 
of position. If this happens, there will 
be inadequate pressure on the bleed- 
ing point; the pack will simply absorb 
the blood and aggravate the condition. 
In addition, the nurse must remember 
that patients undergoing this treatment 
are subject to fainting spells. 
The removal of the pack requires 
even greater care than its insertion. 
The blood coagulates around the pack, 
forming a firm mass that adheres to 
the mucous membrane. The pack is 
withdrawn slowly and carefully to 
avoid hemorrhage. After its removal 
the patient is kept under observation 
for at least 24 hours. 
Cauterization is another method of 
treatment. Either a silver nitrate stick, 
trichloracetic crystals, or an electric 
cautery may be used. 


Summary 
Minor epistaxis usually can be con- 
trolled by digital pressure and has 
very few after-effects. Treatment may 
be left in the hands of the nurse. 
Severe nasal bleeding involves a much 
more complicated program of treat- 
ment, such as packing, cauterization, 
or ligation. Anterior packing is used 
to induce hemostasis in the forepart 
of the nasal septum. Anterior and 
posterior packing are used in combin- 
ation when the bleeding originates 
from the back of the nose. 0 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 39 



"Nursing at Expo is a wonderful 
way to see the world - sort of a 
world tour in miniature." This is the 
opinion of Claire Rivet, head nurse 
at the Clinic on La Ronde at Expo 
67, Montreal. "It's interesting, excit- 
ing, and stimulating," she said, "but 
it's really nursing, as well. True, we 
don't have many really seriously ill 
patients - and we do stitch up a lot 



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It's total pati e nt care 
at expo 67 clinics 


In mid-July, a member of the editorial staff made a special tour of Expo hospital 
facilities and talked to several nurses to find out what it is like to work at 
the big fair. 


of split seams in the tight pants that 
kids wear, hang clothes to dry, and 
see people who just want to rest a 
while! But all the accidents are 
special and very troublesome to the 
people concerned. We are a special 
help to families in some instances." 
Four modern, I O-bed clinics are 
set up on the Expo 67 grounds, one 
on each of the islands. Each is run as 


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a department connected to one of four 
large Montreal Hospitals: the only 
permanent clinic, the one on La Ron- 
de, to Hôpital Maisonneuve; the one 
near the main entrance on Cité du 
Havre, to The Montreal General; the 
clinic on lIe Ste-Hélène, to Hôpital 
Notre-Dame; and the lIe Notre-Dame 
clinic, to the Royal Victoria Hospital. 
Three of the clinics are open for 


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16 hours a day; one is open the full 
24 hours. As all maintainance work, 
cleaning, and deliveries are done at 
night (more than 4,000 trucks enter 
the site between the 2:30 A.M. closing 
and the 9:30 A.M. opening), this 24- 
hour health service is necessary for 
the protection of staff. 
Expo requires each clinic to have 
on duty at all times a doctor {a res- 
ident or one of the general practi- 


I 


Left: The Clinic at La Ronde, which '-0. 
contains offices for Expo 67 officials, . 
is the only permanent clinic building. 
Nearby is the security section where 
Expo police, fire, and rescue squads 
are on hand. IIIIIIII
. 
Right, top to bottom: Claire Rivet, a 
graduate of Hôpital Maisonneuve and 
head nurse of the Climc at La Ronde, 
admits a "patient." The volunteer "pa- 
tient," Hélène Gauthier, is a student in 
architecture. She is employ.ed at Expo 
67 as a secretary-clerk for the clime. 
Dr. Bernhard Richer, a resident in 
surgery at Hôpital Maisonneuve, sut- 
ures Miss Gauthier's hand. 
Miss Gauthier is transferred to a six- 
bed ward. The high-low beds all have 
slide-away side-rails. Paper sheets and 
pillow covers, supplied by Johnson 
and Johnson, relieve the laundry prob- 
lem. 



 


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tioners on staff at the hospital), two 
registered nurses, two or three aides, 
and one secretary-clerk. An orderly 
is also assigned to some of the clinics. 
The head nurse position is permanent; 
other staff can be rotated at the dis- 
cretion of the hospital, but in most 
clinics the other nursing staff also are 
assigned on a permanent basis. Many 
of the nurses have had emergency ex- 
perience. Others were sent to the 
emergency department of their hos- 
pital for experience just before Expo 
opened. 
The general layout of the clinics 
is similar. Each has a reception-ad- 
mission area, a nursing station with 
a drug room and utility room opening 
off it, a kitchen, a large treatment 
room, and two large wards. Furniture 
and equipment are uniform. Simmons 
Company supplied the hospital furni- 
ture, The Salvation Army supplied the 
medical equipment, and Johnson & 
Johnson donated all the dressings. 
Each clinic is unique, however. 
Expo officials did not try to force a 
stereotyped pattern on furniture ar- 
rangements or methods of organiza- 
tion. The clinics are, therefore, ar- 
ranged to suit the staff, and although 
they are different, the atmosphere is 
easy and efficient in them all. 
In the hospital on La Ronde amuse- 
ment area, one of the wards js closed 
and only used when the number of 
admissions is high. Most patients 
there don't require bedrest. The hos- 
pital on He Notre-Dame divides the 
wards into male and female. The 
staff have set up a bed in an alcove 
off the ward, and keep emergency 
resuscitators, cardiac arrest equip- 
ment, and other emergency supplies 
in that area. 
In all of the hospitals, staff seemed 
relaxed and friendly. A general air 
of helpfulness prevailed. 
"It's not a real opportunity to see 
Expo," commented Mrs. S. Bloxham, 
from the Royal Victoria Hospital, on 
duty at the He Notre-Dame Clinic. 
"You're too tired after your shift. I 
sometimes come back on my days off 
to visit the pavilions and take in all 
the sights." 
"But the people are most interest- 
ing, and I really enjoy meeting them," 
Mrs. Bloxham added. Most of them 
are here on holiday and they even 
enjoy the trying moments. We had 
one young chap who fell in the river 
and was brought to our clinic. He 
wasn't hurt, so we dried his clothes 
for him and then let him go. He had 
barely left the hospital when he fell 
in again. He came back again to get 
dried off, but was he embarrassed," 
she laughed. 
The lie Notre-Dame Clinic has 
42 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


treated staff from several of the near- 
by pavilions. "We often get chefs or 
waiters with burns," Mrs. Bloxham 
said. "They appreciate the clinic very 
much," she went on, "and often bring 
over a box of specially prepared food 
later on, or arrange for the nurses to 
see the special shows in the pavilions. 
We do have some advantages!" 
He Notre-Dame has a special pro- 
cedure set up to care for any special 
visitor or head of state who might 
become injured during his official 
Expo visit. So far, the staff haven't 
needed to use it. La Ronde's clinic 
staff had a flurry of excitment, how- 
ever, when the young son of Senator 
Robert Kennedy was brought in for 
treatment. "He wasn't hurt," recalled 
Miss Rivet. "He was tired and hot, I 
guess - it's a long day for a little boy 
- and he tripped. Senator Kennedy 
and his party were on their way to the 
Sky Ride, so we offered to keep the 
boy for a while. We weren't busy, so he 
had five of us to make him a glass of 
iced tea and keep him amused," she 
added. "It was delightful, too, because 
one of the nurses had been especially 
anxious to see Bobby Kennedy and 
had planned to go out in her lunch 
hour to get a glimpse of him, but had 
been busy and hadn't had a chance." 
Some of the patients that come to 
the clinics are acutely ill. Miss Rivet 
told of a 15-year-old girl who was 
brought in by ambulance. "She was 
unconscious and appeared to be very 
hot. Her temperature was 109 0 (rec- 
tally). The doctor ordered an aspirin 
enema and an alcohol rub immediat- 
ely. She was here only one-half hour 
while we carried out the emergency 
treatment and arranged for her trans- 
fer to Hôpital Maisonneuve. When 
she left, her temperature was down to 
106 0 . We were very concerned, be- 
cause she had most of the signs of 
meningitis. However, it was just heat 
exhaustion and she recovered," Miss 
Rivet said. "She was in the downtown 
hospital for only three days." 
With the amount of walking re- 
quired to tour Expo, it is not surpris- 
ing that a large number of persons 
come to the clinics with sprained 
ankles. Most of these persons are 
transferred to the large center for x- 
ray. "We also treat patients with mos- 
quito bites, and some with cases of 
poison ivy," said Miss Rivet. "These 
are found in persons who have been 
camping while traveling to Expo; we 
don't have any poison ivy on the 
sight," she added, laughing. 
"When Expo first opened, a great 
many of the employees came to the 
clinic with upper respiratory infec- 
tions from the cold weather. We called 
it 'Expo cold,''' she said. "Now, of 


course, it's heat stroke that's the 
problem." 
Each clinic seems to have a prob- 
lem that is unique to its area: at Ile 
Notre-Dame, it's people walking into 
the water; at La Ronde, it's children 
with broken front teeth from the Go- 
Cart and scooter rides; at the clinic 
on Cité du Havre, the nurses encoun- 
ter many persons with blisters. "I 
don't know if it's because our clinic 
is easily seen by people on the Expo 
Express, but we do get a lot of minor 
blisters, cuts, and scratches," reported 
Miss Beverly Bruce, a graduate of 
the Toronto East General Hospital. 
"I wouldn't have to work if I had a 
dollar for each Bandaid we've used," 
she added. 
Miss Antoinnet Renaud, a graduate 
of Hôtel Dieu in Windsor, Ontario, 
and Miss Bruce talked about their 
"busiest time." They agreed that June 
had been a busy month for them. 
Large busloads of school children - 
up to 23,000 each day - arrived on 
the grounds without parents," said 
Miss Renaud. "The children usually 
chose their own meals - hotdogs and 
rich snacks from the foreign stands. 
This, coupled with their excitement 
and lack of sleep, meant that we were 
busy as substitute mothers," she said. 
One small lad suffered a bump on 
the head, causing temporary amnesia. 
This involved a cooperative effort of 
all the lost children centers before a 
worried boy scout leader turned up at 
the end of the day to claim his charge. 
All clinic personnel are prepared 
for - and still awaiting, as of the 
middle of July - a patient in labor. 
A few expectant mothers have come 
in, but they usually were just tired; 
none had real contractions. A Mont- 
real woman did go into labor on the 
grounds, but was admitted to one of 
the downtown Montreal hospitals be- 
fore the birth. 
There have been only four deaths 
at Expo 67. Three of these were el- 
derly persons with known heart condi- 
tions. The fourth was a woman who 
vomited and aspirated; she was dead 
on arrival at the clinic. 
An elderly man visiting Expo with 
his three young grandchildren col- 
lapsed and was admitted to hospital 
with a perforated ulcer. Clinic staff 
looked after the children until an un- 
cle could come and get them. 
"A tremendously interesting exper- 
ience." "I wouldn't have missed it 
for the world." "I'm so happy to be 
here." These are the general com- 
ments of the nurses. Judging by the 
satisfied and happy looks on the faces 
of the patients as they left the clinics, 
they were really happy that the nurses 
were there, too. 0 
SEPTEMBER 1967 



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SEPTEMBER 1967 


John - a victim of 
maternal deprivation 


Lack of "mothering" can result in physical as well as emotional disturbances. 


Norma I. McDiarmid 


The effects of insufficient mothering 
were observed more than 50 years ago 
in institutions that harbored young 
children who had been separated from 
their mothers for long periods. The 
classic symptoms exhibited by these 
infants were apathy, listlessness, de- 
pression, failure to gain weight in spite 
of adequate nourishment, persistent 
respiratory infections, little if any so- 
cial responsiveness, frequent head 
banging, and rythmic rocking. It also 
was noted that these infants, who had 
a high mortality rate, suffered perma- 
nent damage psychologically, physical- 
ly, and mentally. 
This disturbance is called "hospital- 
ism" - a term that designates the 
damaging effect that institutional care 
can have on an infant, particularly 
from the psychiatric point of view. l 
Unusual quietness was the first ob- 
servation made by Province and Lip- 
ton in describing the effects of institu- 
tional care. 2 They reported that very 
little talking, laughing or even crying 
was heard from the young infants they 
observed. The children lay motionless 
on their backs in cribs, isolated in 
cubicles. At feeding time their bottles 
were propped; whenever cereals or 
pureed foods were required, they were 
simply added to the milk and served 
with a larger holed nipple. The babies 
were seldom out of their cribs and 
then only for bathing, diapering, and 
dressing. The attention of one caretak- 
er during the first eight-hour period 
was shared by seven or eight babies 


and then shared for the remainder of 
the day with 25 to 30 other babies. It 
was obvious that there was no time for 
stimulation or love. 
Until a few years ago, this condition 
was observed only in institutions; re- 
cently, however, infants suffering from 
this syndrome have been found living 
at home with their mothers. For rea- 
sons that are not always apparent, an 
unfavorable mother-child relation- 
ship develops, resulting in a condition 
referred to as "maternal deprivation," 
as differentiated from "hospitalism." 


Failure to thrive 
John was the victim of such a rela- 
tionship. He was five years old when 
he was admitted to hospital the fifth 
time for the same problem: "failure to 
thrive." As in each previous hospital 
stay, the various causes for growth 
failure, such as dietary deficiency, in- 
born error of metabolism, congenital 
heart deformity, were ruled out. Why, 
then, was this child not growing at a 


Mrs. McDiarmid, a graduate of the Ham- 
ilton General Hospital School of Nursing, 
Hamilton. Ontario, is presently with the 
Ontario Institute for Studies in Education. 
Toronto. This study W3S conducted while 
she was on staff at the Department of Pe- 
diatrics, Upstate Medical Center. Syracuse. 
N.Y., and was supported by PHS Grant 
FR-85. The author expresses her appreci3tion 
for the invaluable comments made by Dr. 
Albert J. Schneider, Dr. Mary Voorhess. 
and Mrs. Aime Nover. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 43 



normal rate? Maternal deprivation was 
suspected and the family situation was 
fully explored. 


Early marriage 
The picture emerged of a very un- 
happy mother who had had an im- 
poverished childhood. This young 
mother was deserted by her own 
mother when she was four years old 
and her father, after a short time, gave 
up the job of maintaining a good 
home. As a result, she and her siblings 
lived in poverty and misery. To es- 
cape her wretchedness, she married 
early, becoming pregnant to force her 
father's consent to the marriage. With 
the arrival of a baby girl, her world 
seemed complete. She had her hus- 
band, her home, and her daughter, 
whom she seemed to love. 
It was not the young mother's in- 
tention to have any more children; 
however, when her daughter was 11 
months old, she discovered, to her dis- 
may, that she was pregnant. Upset and 
depressed. she made no effort to hide 
her deep disappointment. Morning 
sickness added to her discomfort. In 
spite of this illness, a son, John, was 
born at a normal weight of seven 
pounds, three ounces. His mother was 
required to remain in the hospital 
longer than usual because of a post- 
partum hemorrhage and she was ir- 
ritated at this delay. The baby contin- 
ued to do well in the nursery and 
seemed healthy at the time of his dis- 
charge from hospital. 
At six months of age John was re- 
admitted to hospital with a diagnosis 
of "failure to thrive." He was dull and 
listless, had pale dry skin, weighed 12 
pounds and was 24 inches long. Ex- 
tensive physical examination revealed 
no basis for his retarded growth. His 
diet was carefully supervised and, in 
two weeks, he had gained two pounds 
and seemed brighter and more alert. 
Two months later he was readmitted 
for the same reason. He weighed 12 
pounds. 14 ounces, and had grown 
one inch. The symptoms were the 
same and his physical examination re- 
vealed no abnormality apart from his 
44 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


smaIl size. During the three week per- 
iod in hospital he gained weight 
steadily and was discharged weighing 
13 pounds, 10 ounces. 
John was not seen again until he 
was 15 months old when he was re- 
admitted to hospital for "failure to 
thrive." He had gained one pound, 
eight ounces in the intervening months 
and, although his chronological age 
was 15 months, his bone age was six 
months. His stay in hospital followed 
the same pattern as before. At the time 
of his discharge his mother indicated 
she was again pregnant. 
When John was almost three years 
old, he was admitted a fourth time for 
"failure to thrive." He weighed a scant 
16 pounds, was 29 and one-quarter 
inches long, and exhibited all the clas- 
sic symptoms of severe malnutrition. 
Open rejection 
In the many months preceding this 
last admission, a social worker had 
been visiting the family to help them 
with their problems. She soon recog- 
nized that John was being rejected by 
his mother. He was blamed for all her 
troubles. He stubbornly refused to be- 
come toilet trained and, with her com- 
pulsive need for a neat and clean 
house, she was constantly annoyed at 
him. When the paternal grandmother 
reported her to domestic court for ne- 
glecting her children, the mother again 
blamed John. In other ways he was 
very quiet and aloof. He disliked play- 
ing outdoors with other children and 
spent most of his time playing by him- 
self with games that did not tax his 
meager energy. 
The third child, a one-year-old boy, 
was almost as big as John; although 
the mother did not seem to have very 
warm feelings toward this child, he ap- 
peared, nevertheless, of normal stat- 
ure. 
Throughout this affair the father 
took only a passive interest in his son. 
He did not have a strong personality 
and seemed to be easily dominated, 
first, by his mother, then by his wife. 
He was unable to give any real sup- 
port to either his wife or son. 


Foster home 
It was clear that John's future did 
not interest the parents. They readily 
agreed to his placement in a foster 
home, where he remained for six 
months and continued to grow at a 
normal rate. 
At first. the parents made no at- 
tempt to visit him. Gradually, how- 
ever, they started taking an interest in 
him, although the social worker be- 
lieved this interest was caused by feel- 
ings of guilt and by family pressures, 
particularly on the part of the paternal 
grandmother. EventuaIly, they decided 
that they wanted him back. He was 
returned since there seemed to be 
some hope that he would receive more 
attention than he had in the past. 
Very little was heard of John until 
his fifth admission, when he was five 
years old. He was 36 inches tall and 
weighed scarcely 23 pounds. It was 
obvious that he had lost weight almost 
from the beginning of his return home. 
His face was thin and pinched. his 
arms and legs like match sticks, and 
his abdomen grossly distended. The 
exposed parts of his body and his 
penis were hyperpigmented. He could 
feed himself but could not dress him- 
self. He had a speech impediment and 
his conversation was not easily under- 
stood. His run was clumsy and his 
gait unsteady; he tired very quickly. 
and when put to bed. rocked back and 
forth, sucking his thumb until he final- 
ly feIl asleep. His duIl listless eyes told 
a tragic story. The Stanford-Binet test 
was administered, revealing a mental 
age of three years, ten months. 
Loved for himself 
How could we, as nurses. help this 
child? One thing we knew: John had 
to realize that he was loved for him- 
self. The doctors told us that his very 
survival might well depend on the love 
we gave and on his ability to respond 
to that love. 
Our hearts went out to him: he was 
cuddled and rocked. played with and 
sung to, talked to and laughed with. 
We saw him grow before our eyes. His 
appetite from the beginning was vor- 
SEPTEMBER 1967 



acious and we pampered his tastes. 
For the first four weeks we were 
all delighted with our patient; then he 
changed. He became rebellious, des- 
tructive, and a problem to all. But the 
change was a good one. It meant that 
at long last John was coming out of 
his shell; he was feeling secure enough 
to test us and to express his long dor- 
mant hostility. 
Our manner with him had to 
change. He still needed aH the love he 
could get, but now had to recognize a 
few limitations. He could not break 
toys, he could not bite the other chil- 
dren, or kick the nurses. This took 
firmness and patience but everyone 
knew it was a turning point in the life 
of this little boy. Putting him in his 
room or removing a favorite toy seem- 
ed the best and most successful way to 
control his behavior. He was strong 
enough now to accept reasonable dis- 
cipline. GraduaHy his hostility lessen- 
ed and he was able to function in a 
more mature manner. 


A Secondary Cause 
What happens to the body of a 
young child who has had sufficient 
nourishment but too little mothering? 
Why does he fail to grow? 
Gardner and Patton suggest several 
possibilities. Depression in itself might 
reduce the appetite; behavioral 
changes might affect the rate of intes- 
tinal absorption, disturbances of gas- 
trointestinal function - vomiting, 
diarrhea and constipation - might, 
and often do, occur in the deprived 
child, and severe emotional distur- 
bance might affect the intermediary 
metabolism thus altering the rate of 
anobolic processes. s 
Because of John's long history, 
these more common causes of his 
small stature had been ruled out and 
hypopituitarism was suspected. After a 
series of tests to determine first, the 
adrenal function and, second, the pit- 
uitary reserve, a pattern of pituitary 
deficiency emerged. This was believed 
to be caused by his almost continuous 
malnutrition. 
When aH tests were completed and 
SEPTEMBER 1967 


the health of the patient restored, it 
was decided. with the permission of 
the parents, to place John in another 
foster home. He made a good adjust- 
ment. On his subsequent visit to hos- 
pital six months later, tests showed 
that the pituitary gland still was not 
functioning normaHy; however, he con- 
tinued to grow and to gain weight. 



 


. 


When John was seven years old and 
had been in his foster home for one 
year, he was readmitted for further 
evaluation of pituitary function. The 
change was spectacular. He was three 
feet eight inches tall and weighed 49 
pounds. His bone age was now that of 
a child six years, three months - an 
increase of two and one-half years in 
one chronological year. His walk was 
greatly improved, his body was sturdy 
and healthy looking, and he seemed 
happier and more cheerful. 
The Stanford-Binet test still indi- 
cated some retardation, which was evi- 
dent in his school performance. The 
doctors believed that damage to his 
personality structure and to his intel- 
lect, as a result of his severe and long- 
standing maternal deprivation, was 
probably permanent. 
The pituitary tests were repeated 
and now showed normal function. It 
seemed fairly certain that John's hypo- 
pituitarism had been secondary rather 
than primary and had been caused by 
a lack of love. 


The decreased hypophysial function 
that occurred while John was suffering 
severe malnutrition may have been an 
adaptive mechanism triggered by dim- 
inished caloric intake. This mechanism 
might then have permitted survival in 
spite of lowered caloric intake, by 
producing a decreased body activity, 
by lowering the basal metabolic rate, 
and by diminishing or arresting the 
growth rate. 4 This explanation seems 
to fit the pattern of John's "failure to 
thrive. " 
It seems apparent, from the evi- 
dence of this child's history, that early 
prolonged deprivation in some children 
can result in severe malnutrition. This, 
in turn, can result in secondary hypo- 
pituitarism. When the deprivation is 
arrested. the malnutrition is arrested, 
and the pituitary resumes normal func- 
tion. 


References 
1. Spitz, RA. Psychoanalytic Study of the 
Child, vol. I. New York. International 
Universities Press. 1945, p.53. 
2. Province, S. and Lipton, RC. Infants in 
Institutions. New York. International 
Universities Press. 1962. pp.26-29. 
3. Gardner, L.I. and Patton, RG. Growth 
Failure in Maternal Deprivation. Spring- 
field, III., Charles C. Thomas Co., 1963, 
pp.42-4J. 
4. Monckeberg, F., Donoso, G.. Oxman, S. 
Pak, N., and MeneghelJo. J. Hum
m 
growth honnone in infant malnutrition. 
Pediatrics, vol. 31. Springfield, Ill., 
Charles C. Thomas Co.. 1963, p.62. 0 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 45 



Whenever two or more people come 
together in a continuing relationship, 
they become involved in the problem 
of communication. As public health 
nurses, we were especialIy concerned 
about how difficulties in communica- 
ting often alienate the members in our 
nursing organizations, thus decreasing 
the efficiency of the group. As mem- 
bers of a chapter special interest 
group, we decided to study group re- 
lationships in an attempt to revitalize 
and improve our relationships with 
others. 
The project we undertook was an 
introduction to the study of group dy- 
namics. These techniques, relatively 
new to Canada, are designed to help 
personnel in institutions and business 
enterprises improve their effectiveness 
as persons. The instruction is common- 
ly known as sensitivity training, and 
the groups as T-Groups. The methods 
learned can be employed in all facets 
of life - with friends, families, clients; 
in gatherings, such as prenatal classes, 
staff and chapter meetings; in profes- 
sional and community organizations; 
and in colIaboration with employer 
and labor relations board members. 


Into retreat 
Nine of us, all public health nurses, 
registered for the Leadership and Hu- 
man Relations Laboratory. The entire 
enterprise took just 34 hours of inten- 
sive study (two weekend sessions - 
one of 20, a second of 14 hours). 
We literally went into retreat. We 
lived together, ate together, dis- 
agreed and agreed, and shared an ex- 
perience that helped each contributing 
member to gain fresh insight into her- 
self and her behavior in groups. It was 
an experience that magnified the flaws, 
unveiled the real meanings behind 
what each said, and, through relevant, 
appropriate feedback, allowed each 
participant to get a completely differ- 
ent slant on her own and others' be- 
46 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Public health nurses form 
first chapter T -Groups 


Recently, a group of public health nurses from the Peel County Chapter of the 
Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario decided to find out more about human 
relationships. They used the group dynamic technique, or the study of why and 
how groups act as they do, and forces that operate within groups. 


Marlene Koch Smith and Mary Watson Carr 


havior as part of a whole. At the end 
of the sessions we had developed a 
better understanding of the mechanics 
of group dynamics and of the collabo- 
rative effort that leads to group effi- 
ciency. 


Inexpensive for best response 
Basically the program we undertook 
can be folIo wed by any nucleus of 15 
persons or less, although the ideal 
group should contain only 8-12 mem- 
bers. EnroIlment should be voluntary, 
but chapter or organizational heads 
must support the project by word and 
deed to awaken interest and enable im- 
plementation of the newly-learned 
methods. To attract membership the 
scheme should be inexpensive, which 
can be arranged easily by holding the 
session, as our group did, in a private 
home. 


Rusty wheels turn 
This laboratory was different from 
the standard leadership training course. 
It consisted of lecturettes, practice and 
demonstration sessions based on the 
acquired theory, and sensivity training 
group discussions, known as T-Groups 
- all designed and implemented by a 
group developer. 
The T-Group was a completely new 
experience for those who registered. 


Mrs. Smith is a graduate of Women's 
College Hospital, Toronto. She attended five 
universities in Canada and the U.S.A. to 
acquire a background in applied behavioral 
sciences; in addition, she took the advanced 
Human Relations Training Laboratory in 
Methodology at the National Training 
Laboratory in the U.S.A., to qualify as 
trainer in human relations labs for personnel 
in industry and community organizations. 
Mrs. Carr, a graduate of the Toronto 
Western Hospital, has a B.Sc.N. from the 
University of Western Ontario. She is pres- 
ently a chief instructor at South Peel 
Hospital, Cooksville, Ontario. 


Intentionally, the group was unstruc- 
tured; it had no agenda and no desig- 
nated leader; moreover, no note-taking 
was aIlowed. The group developer was 
on hand to stir up discussion and 
guide or intervene when floundering 
occured. And it did, frequently! One 
could compare the T-Group exper- 
ience to that of a non-swimmer being 
thrown in deep water and being ex- 
pected to make her way to some un- 
seen shore. One participant, recalling 
the sessions, remarked: "At times, we 
felt a kind of depressed sluggishness. 
We were thinking so hard we could 
almost hear the rusty wheels turning." 
We were all on the same level, no 
matter what positions we held in daily 
life. It was a bewildering, sometimes 
maddening and frustrating experience, 
but inevitably revealing as to the ways 
people behave in groups. 
The lecturettes centered on issues 
such as earning group membership, 
drawing out the "quiet ones," apathy, 
concepts of communication, and var- 
ious aspects of problem-solving. Di- 
gests of relevant material were distrib- 
uted at the end of each day to elim- 
inate note-taking and distraction. In ad- 
dition, a variety of pre-planned dem- 
onstrations, with audio-visual aids 
and role-playing, all based on course 
content, were conducted by the demon- 
strator, and supplemented by relevant 
feedback and evaluation by the de- 
veloper. 
Benefits subtle but substantial 
Those of us who took part in this 
laboratory emerged with a spirit of 
enquiry and an expanded awareness 
of ourselves as others see us. We 
began to see ways of dealing more 
effectively with people and problems. 
Habits of behavior and thought had 
been converted into fresh approaches 
that, hopefulIy, could be learned by 
other chapter groups or community 
organizations. 0 
SEPTEMBER 1%7 



SEPTEMBER 1967 



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The old Montreal Chinese Hospital also served to shelter the poor. 


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Montreal Chinese Hospital 


In 1918, Montreal was struck by an 
influenza epidemic. Among the hardest 
hit was Montreal's Chinese population, 
especially the hand launderers. The 
story of the Montreal Chinese Hospital 
begins with this epidemic. 
When the epidemic broke out, the 
Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate 
Conception - a congregation that had 
worked with Montreal's Chinese com- 
munity since 1913 - immediately of- 
fered their services. The sisters sought 
the sick in hovels, cafés and laun- 
deries, and cared for them at a wel- 
fare shelter on Clark Street. This 
shelter served as a hospital until the 
epidemic subsided in 1919. 
The following year, the Chinese 
community bought the synagogue at 
112 La Gauchetière Street West and 
converted it into a hospital. The build- 
ing was almost 100 years old at the 
time, however, and was soon condem- 
ned as a firetrap by the inspectors of 
the city health service and the provin- 
cial government. The sisters were or- 


dered to evacuate their patients from 
the premises. 
The new Chinese hospital at the 
corner of Saint Denis and Faillon 
Streets, opened its doors to its first 
patients in June, 1965. This hospital 
serves all of Montreal's Chinese com- 
munity, whose population has been 
estimated at about 10,000. Of its 67 
beds, 32 are reserved for aged and 
chronically ill Chinese patients. Most 
of these patients speak only Chinese; 
they feel at home with a staff that 
includes eight Chinese nurses, one 
Chinese male nurse who received his 
diploma in Hong Kong, and some 
Chinese auxiliary personnel. 
The new Montreal Chinese Hospital 
is equipped with full outpatient ser- 
vices, natal clinics, maternity facilities, 
and physiotherapy, x-ray, and labora- 
tory services. These facilities, as well as 
8 beds and 12 cribs in the maternity 
service, and 15 convalescent beds, are 
available to all, regardless of race, or 
creed, or nationality. 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 47 



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Director of nursing service, Sister Françoise 
Derome, m.i.c., pauses to chat with staff nurse 
Mrs. Wai. The receptionist is Miss Julia Kwang. 
Patients and personnel speak Chinese. 
Both mother and nurse smile happily at the first 
Chinese baby born at the new Montreal Chinese 
Hospital. 
At Christmas the staff bought this 96-year-old 
patient a new hat; but he prefers his old one, 
which he hasn't taken off since he entered 
hospital. He knows one English word-ninety-six 
-which he answers when asked his age. 
The old Chinese Hospital was located in China- 
town. Patients could enjoy watching traditional 
festivities, such as the Feast of the Dragon. 


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This little Chinese patient won't be 
comforted as Dr. Pablo Tchang tries 
give him an injection. 
Patients and staff pose for a picture on 
moving day at the old hospital. 
An elderly Chinese woman enjoys the 
sun room at the new hospital. 
Mr. Seto has Parkinson's disease. His 
quiet life is interrupted only by an 
occasional television program Or 
Chinese game. Sister Maria Joseph, 
a Chinese nun, offers him chocolate. 


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- 



research abstracts 


Griffin, Amy Elizabeth. The improvement 
of the educational preparation of instruc- 
tors in pre-service programs in nursing 
in Ontario. New York, 1963. Thesis (Ed. 
D.) Columbia University. 


The study was undertaken to achieve 
three main purposes: I. to identify the areas 
in which there is need for improvement in 
the educational preparation of instructors in 
preservice programs in nursing in Ontario; 
2. to determine the types and content of 
preparatory programs needed for them; 3. 
to identify the resources that are presently 
and potentially available for their continuing 
education and the ways in which these can 
be put to optimum use. 
In this study the professional nurse edu- 
cator is seen as a member of two profes- 
sions, that of nursing and that of educa- 
tion. Her preparation as a professional 
nurse educator presupposes adequate prep- 
aration and demonstrated competency as 
a professional nurse practioner. Such prep- 
aration is believed to be best planned, 
controlled, and implemented within the 
milieu of the university. Her preparation as 
a professional nurse educator, therefore, 
moves logically into the field of graduate 
education. 
The procedure implemented in the study 
included the following: 
1. A review of the literature concerning 
essential components and characteristics of 
initial and continuing teacher education. 
2. A study of teacher preparatory pro- 
grams in university schools of nursing within 
the Canadian educational framework. 
3. Procurement through questionnaire 
and interview techniques of information and 
opinions concerning the qualifications of 
the instructors, the nature and scope of 
their functions, the recognized need for 
their improved preparation, and resources 
for their continuing education. Questions 
were specifically directed toward the func- 
tioning of the instructor as an individual 
and as a member of an educational staff 
relevant to: teaching; guidance; evaluation 
of student progress; curriculum develop- 
ment; participation in or use of nursing 
research; and contribution to professional 
and community organization activities. 
4. Procurement through questionnaire and 
interview techniques of proposed methods 
for improving instructors' initial and con- 
tinuing education. 
Recommendations arising from the study 
include: 
1. The establishment of a demonstration 
teacher preparatory program at the grad- 


50 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


uate level. with a major in curriculum 
and teaching but including some prepara- 
tion in the administration of nursing edu- 
cation programs. The scope of the program 
embraces general, special, and professional 
education, with the inclusion of specific 
field work. and the completion of two 
independent studies - one concentrating 
on the use of library skills, the second 
on elementary field research techniques. 
2. Planning, on a regional basis, for the 
development of further such programs 
should the results of the demonstration 
program and the potential recruitment of 
suitable candidates warrant it. 
3. The promotion of improved resources 
for the continuing education of instructors 
through the universities, employing agen- 
cies, and the professional nursing organiz- 
ation, with each of these institutions mak- 
ing a distinctive contribution and the co- 
ordinating role being assumed by the pro- 
fessional association. 


Hubbert, Mary Oressa. The contribution of 
nursing personnel in an interdisciplinary 
approach to the care of the aged in a 
particular institution. London, 1964. 
Thesis (M.Sc.N.) Univ. of Western 
Ontario. 


This study is concerned with nursing 
care for the elderly. To determine the 
perceived role of the nurse in this field, 
one selected institution was chosen for 
study. The particular institution, although 
comprising two separate organizations - a 
home for the aged and a long-term hospital 
- operates under the same administration. 
It is unique in the number and quality of 
services that are made available to residents 
in the home and to patients in the hospital. 
The perceived role of the nurse in this 
interdisciplinary approach to the care of the 
aged was determined through interviews 
with nursing staff members, non-nursing 
staff members. and the older person and 
his family. 
To discover the nature and extent of 
learning experiences offered in geriatric 
nursing that prepare professional nurses to 
function in this clinical speciality, informa- 
tion was sought from approved basic 
schools of nursing in Ontario and univer- 
sity schools of nursing in Canada. School 
calendars, explanatory letters, and course 
outlines provided the investigator with the 
data. 
The author also obtained information, 
through a questionnaire, from administra- 


tive staff in selected hospitals and þomes 
for the aged in Ontario to determine the 
nature and extent of orientation and inser- 
vice education that is provided for nursing 
staff at all levels of preparation and ex- 
perience. 
The findings reveal that discrepancies 
exist in the minds of nurses and non-nurses 
regarding the perceived role of nurses in 
the institution studied. In addition, most 
schools of nursing show that little is of- 
fered in the way of a structured, well- 
planned course in geriatric nursing to pre- 
pare the nurse to function in this capacity, 
either as a staff nurse or in a teaching or 
administrative capacity. 
On the basis of the findings, certain 
implications were derived. Specific recom- 
mendations were made for ways to clarify 
the nurse's role and to improve the initial 
preparation of professional nurses and the 
continuing education for both professional 
and non-professional nursing staff. 


Sethee, Ushvendra Kaur. An exploration of 
the skills of inten'iewing with problems 
related to it, as practiced by nurses in 
emotion-laden situations encountered in 
public health nursing. London, 1966. 
Thesis (M.Sc.N.) Univ. of Western 
Ontario. 


In this project an instrument was deve- 
loped for assessing the nature of verbal 
responses selected by nurses faced with 
emotion-laden situations representative of 
those encountered in the practice of public 
health nursing. This instrument, modeled 
after one reported by Methven and Schlot- 
feldt in 1962, was administered to a group 
of staff nurses practicing public health 
nursing in Ontario. Approximately one- 
third of the total responses selected by 
these nurses were of the type considered 
to be most desirable. 
A questionnaire to determine the self- 
perceived problems related to interviewing 
was also completed by the same group of 
respondents. Specific problems were iden- 
tified and concrete suggestions made to 
improve their skill in interviewing. 
Much more needs to be done in the dev- 
elopment of skills in interviewing, both in 
preparatory programs and in continuing 
education in employing agencies. Staff 
nurses in the practice of public health 
nursing would welcome more supervised 
practice in interviewing, consultation, and 
assessment. 
An extensive annotated bibliography on 
interviewing is included in this thesis. 0 
SEPTEMBER 1967 



books 


A Guide For Staffing A Hospital 
Nursing Service by Marguerite Paetz- 
nick, R.N., M.A. 93 pages. Geneva, 
World Health Organization, 1966. 
Reviewed by Miss Pamela Allan, Direc- 
TOr of Nursing Service, Uni
'ersity of Al- 
berta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta. 


The purpose of this book is to present 
material useful in considering the staffing 
needs of a hospital nursing service. The 
author considers the need for collaboration 
among nurses, doctors and administrators 
to provide a realistic calculation of staffing 
patterns. Information for this guide has 
been gathered from a variety of countries. 
The book begins with a survey of the 
changing world of nursing and the increas- 
ing responsibilities assumed by nursing ser- 
vice. It covers the following topics: planning 
the improvement of nursing care through 
staffing; factors relating to the care of the 
hospital patient; hospital administrative 
practices relating to nursing; utilization of 
nursing personnel; and education. The last 
20 pages of the book include organization 
charts, assignment sheets. job analysis forms 
and nursing care plans. 
This book gives an excellent outline of 
the variables to be considered in planning 
staffing patterns. Types and varieties of 
illness, together with the number of patients 
requiring care, have received attention. Al- 
though there is no bibliography, excellent 
reference material is provided in footnotes 
throughout. 
This book is too brief to be used as a 
student text, but would be invaluable as 
a guide for those experienced in nursing 
service who seek guide lines for further 
reading. 


An Atlas of Nursing Techniques 
by Norma Greenler Dison. R.N.. B.A., 
258 pages. Saint Louis, Mosby, 1967. 
Reviewed by Miss Marilyn Buist, In- 
structor, ToronTO General Hospital School 
of Nursing, Toronto, On/ario. 


This text outlines therapeutic and reha- 
bilitative techniques commonly used in med- 
ical-surgical nursing. The techniques de- 
scribed range from basic nursing skills, such 
as positioning, to the more complex skills 
involved in operating intermittent positive 
pressure machines. While the emphasis is on 
basic nursing techniques, such as injections 
and chest routine, there are some skills that 
require more advanced knowledge, such as 


SEPTEMBER 1967 


resuscitoation with IPPB units and venous 
pressures. 
Techniques are related to patients' basic 
needs with references to show how the 
patient and his family influence the imple- 
mentation of procedures. Emphasis is on 
the principles underlying the techniques 
rather than on methodology or special equip- 
ment. This enables the reader to interpret 
these principles according to patients' indi- 
vidual needs. hospital policies, and available 
equipment. 
Many of the techniques are simplified 
by the use of detailed diagrams that illus- 
trate the steps in the procedures. The selec- 
tion of techniques is generally good, although 
the scope is limited mainly to basic skills. 
The explanation of some equipment in 
common use, such as suction machines. is 
too brief. 
This does not necessarily detract from 
the worth of this book. It is an excellent 
reference of nursing techniques for student 
nurses. It has limited value as a reference 
for graduate nurses, and is not intended for 
the nurse specialist. 


Nursing Evaluation: The Problem and 
Process by Grace Fivars and Doris 
Gosnell, 228 pages. New York, Macmil- 
lan Company, 1966. 
Reviewed by Mrs. Vivian Wood, Assistant 
Professor, Nursing Education, The Uni- 
versity of Western Ontario. 


The purposes of this book are to aid in 
the assessment of educational and service 
objectives, and to provide a practical guide 
for maintaining usable standards of nurs- 
ing performance. The text is comprehensive, 
well-written and organized and is based on 
sound theoretical framework. The critical 
incident technique is used throughout as a 
basic approach to assessing behavior in the 
clinical situations. 
The authors begin with an historical in- 
troduction to the critical incident method. 
Educators would find helpful the clear, 
concise treatment given to basic considera- 
tions in establishing the objectives for a 
school of nursing. The authors have divided 
the assessment process into two areas: its 
use in defining and developing appropriate 
learning experiences; and the use of assess- 
ment tools and methods in relation to tasks 
and performances. Illustrations of the use 
of the critical incident approach are given. 
Comprehensive bibliographies are provided 
at the end of each chapter and many recent 
sources are listed. 


The discussion of assessment is partic- 
ularly interesting. The authors present a 
comprehensive discussion of paper and pen- 
cil tests, questionnaires, interviews, observa- 
tional techniques, interpretations of results 
of evaluations, and communication of re- 
sults to students. Teachers interested in stu- 
dying the construction of teacher-made tests 
in depth must depend on other books. 
however. 
The comments and the critical incident 
approach are worth noting. The student's 
performance is ungraded in the usual sense 
of a numerical score. Instead. notes describ. 
ing effective or ineffective behavior in par- 
ticular situations comprise the evaluation. 
Readers might compare this technique with 
Palmer's rating scale in which a grade is 
assigned to clinical experience. The di- 
vergence of these two approaches suggests 
that the time has come for nurse educators 
to consider seriously the desirability of 
grading laboratory experience. 
Readers should also pay attention to the 
section on interpreting test results of eval- 
uation. One must stress again that the as- 
sessment of the laboratory experience is 
only a portion of the total course. 
The book ends with a section on the 
observation of situation tests. In this in- 
stance the student actively participates in 
situations typical of those encountered daily 
by practicing nurses. The observer is able 
to record, and later assess, the student's be- 
havior. Readers interested in this approach 
are directed to Thorndike and Hagen's text 
in which a comprehensive account is given 
regarding situational testing. 
The authors have amply illustrated cre- 
ative use of the critical incident approach. 
The weighting of the laboratory experience 
must be assigned within the context of the 
course objectives. This book presents an 
approach to nursing evaluation that should 
prove useful to all who undertake the dif- 
ficult and complex task of course design 
and teaching with effective assessment of 
laboratory experience. 


Nurses' Handbook of Fluid Balance 
by Norma Milligan Metheny, R.N., M.S. 
and William D. Snively, Jr., M.D. 279 
pages. Toronto, Lippincott, 1967. 
Reviewed by Miss Joan Baycroft, In- 
strucTOr, Toron/o General Hospital School 
of Nursing, Toron/o, Ontario. 


The authors state that their goal is to 
provide an "inviting, clear, comprehensive, 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 51 



ARISTOC I 


Fashion stockings 
now imported 
from England 
Buy Direct 
and Save! 


Now you can buy Britain's top selling 
quality stockings at considerable savings. 
For the price of cheaper stockings you 
con now get the better weor and comfort 
usually found only in sfockings costing 
$1.50 or more. Buy for yourself Or for a 
group and get the volume discounts. 
PRICES ARE ACTUALLY LOWER THAN 
YOU WOULD PAY IF YOU BOUGHT THEM 
IN ENGLAND! 


AS LOW AS 


"OOODWOOD" .tyle. Fin- 
est seamless dress sheer. 
Micromesh for longer wear 
No binding, no wrinkling. 
All-over cling to give per. 
fect fit from tops to foe.. 
Compare with $1.50 value. 
Price in England 6/11 
($1.04), in white black, 
mocha, beige, taupe. Any 
3 prs. $3.27 ($1.09 ea.); 
6 prs. $6.30 ($1.05 ea.); 
12 prs. $11.76 (98
 ea.); 
sizes 8 '12, 9 shorf and 
medium; 9'12 to 11 me- 
dium and tall. 


98c 


EACH 


AS LOW AS 


"BEVERLEY" .tyle. Dress 
sheer mesh with all fhe 
c, mfort of S-T-R-E.T-C-H 
TOPS AND TOES plus 
clinging, wrinkle free fit. 
Compare with $1.29 value. 
Price in England 5/11 
(89
). White only. 3 prs. 
$2.67 (89!!! ea.); 6 pro. 
$5.10 (85!!! ea.); 12 pro. 
$9.48 (79
 ea.); sizes 8%, 
9 short and medium; 9 Yo 
to II medium and tall. 


79c 


EACH 


Special! 


SHEER SUPPORT STOCKINGS 
Finest quality Sponzelle Supreme Sheer 
seamless support hose by "Pretty Polly". 
The sheerest support hose available 
White only. 1 pro $3.95; 2 prs. $6.95 
($3.48 eo.); 3 prs. $9.95 ($3.32 ea.). 
Sizes: A 8 1 12-9; B 9'12-10; C 10-10'12; 
D 10'12-11. 
ITO
W
M
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 2-;;: D-;; 
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ONT. 


I Pi..... .Mld 
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I I .nclo.. $ ................................ (Ont. r.sid..,t. 
add 5% ..t.) 
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52 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


books 


and practical handbook on body fluid dis- 
turbances." 
The first seven chapters provide the fun- 
damentals of fluid and electrolyte balance, 
whereilS the final nine chapters present com- 
mon disturbances in fluid balance. Separate 
chapters deal with the disturbances of the 
surgical patient, the burned patient, and the 
patient with digestive, urologic, cardiac. 
endocrine and respiratory diseases; another 
chapter includes information about the 
fluid and electrolyte imbalances of the in- 
fant and child. 
Throughout the book emphasis is on the 
nurse's role in observing symptoms of dis- 
turbances and her role in preventing im- 
balances. 
The authors clearly define their termin- 
ology both in the introduction .and through- 
out, and include common synonyms that 
one might encounter in the hospital setting. 
Diagrams and charts emphasize important 
facts, and provide a source for quick refer- 
ence. 
The text is suited primarily for the use of 
the undergraduate nursing student. It 
would provide a valuable review for the 
graduate nurse. 


films 


I 
I 
I 
J 
I 
I 
I 
--1 


New method of skin closure 
A 16 mm., 20-rninute. color, sound film 
documenting experiences in the use of mi- 
croporous tapes in surgical and traumatic 
wound closures is now available in Canada. 
The film, Clinical Applications of Micro- 
porous Tapes in Wound Closures, proposes 
the use of the lightweight, non-woven, 
fabric tapes in place of sutures for most 
epithelial closures. 
The film describes the value of this type 
of closure in abdominal surgery, thoracic 
surgery, emergency treatment of minor 
lacerations, and plastic surgery. The film 
was produced by the manufacturers of 
the tape, and naturally stresses its values 
and advantages. A certain objectivity on 
the part of the viewer is required. 
Certain aspects of the film might be 
of value in nursing education, however. 
The theory of wound healing is shown 
most dramatically, and impediments to 
healing are illustrated graphically. There 
are several interesting historical sequences. 
The discussion on the use of the tape in 
plastic surgery is illustrated by an ex- 
ample showing the surgery to reduce hyper- 
trophic and pendulous breasts; this section 
of the film is especially well presented. 


nurses 


who want to 
nurse 


At York Central you can join 
an active, interested group of 
nurses who want the chance to 
nurse in its broadest sense. Our 
126-bed, fully accredited hospi- 
tal is young, and already talking 
expansion. Nursing is a profes- 
sion we respect and we were the 
first to plan and develop a unique 
nursing audit system; new mem- 
bers of ourn ursing staff do not 
necessarily start at the base salary 
of $400 per month but get added 
pay for previous years of work. 
There are opportunities for gain- 
ing wide experience, for getting 
to know patients as well as staff. 


Situated in Richmond Hill. all 
the cultural and entertainment fa- 
cilities of Metropolitan Toronto 
are available a few miles to the 
South . and the winter and 
summer holiday and week-end 
pleasures of Ontario are easily 
acc_essible to the North. If you 
are really interested in nursing. 
you are needed and will be made 
welcome. 


Apply in person or by mail to the 
Director of Nursing 


YORK 
CENTRAL 
HOSPITAL 


RICHMOND HILL. 
ONTARIO 
NEW STAFF RESIDENCE 


SEPTEMBER 1967 



The film would be valuable for inservice 
education of operating room personnel. It 
could also be recommended for use if the 
teaching hospitals use microporous tapes; 
otherwise individual instructors should 
screen the film for its teaching value in 
their situation. The film may be borrowed 
from Medical Film Library, Medical Prod- 
ucts, Minnesota Mining and Manufactur- 
ing of Canada Ltd.. P.O. Box 2757, Lon- 
don. Ontario. 


accession list 


Publications in this list of material received 
recently in the CNA library are shown in 
language of source. The majority (reference 
material and theses, indicated by R, except- 
ed) may be borrowed by CNA members,' 
and by libraries of hospitals and schools 
of nursing and other institutions. Requests 
for loans should be made on the "Request 
Form for Accession List" (page 56) and 
should be addressed to: The Library, Can- 
adian Nurses' Association. 50 The Drive- 
way, Ottawa 4, Ontario. 


BOOKS AND DOCUMENTS 
l. American Nurses' Association Confer- 
ence on Legislation. Washington, March 
17-19, 1965. Proceedings. New York, 


American Nurses' Association, c1965. 102p. 
2. Analyses de labora/oire à /'usage des 
infirmières par Soeur Carmel-Marie. Monc- 
ton, N.B., Ecole des Infirmières. Hôtel- 
Dieu de I'Assomption, 1967? 104p. 
3. Annual report of the Royal College 
of Nursing and National Council of Nurs- 
ing of the United Kingdom for 1966. Lon- 
don. 1967. 56p. 
4. Basic human anatomy and physio- 
7 logy by Charlotte M. Dienhart, Philadel- 
. phia, Saunders, 1967. 347p. 
5. Collective negotiations for teachers; 
an approach to school administration by 
Myron Lieberman and Michael H. Mos- 
kow. Chicago. Rand McNally, c1966. 745p. 
6. A conspectus of Canada. Montreal, 
Royal Bank of Canada. 1967. 186p. 
7. Dictionary of Canadian English,. the 
senior dictionary by W. S. Avis et al. Tor- 
onto, Gage, c1967. 1284p. R. 
8. Dynamic psychiatry in simple terms 
by Robert R. Mezer. 3d ed. New York, 
Springer, cl967. 182p. 
, 9. Educational television, Canada. edited 
by Earl Rosen. The development and state 
of E.T.V. 1966. Toronto, Bums and Mac- 
Eachern, 1967. 101p. 
10. Fiches pratiques de l'infirmière fran- 
çaise (revue mensuelle). Paris, Lamarre- 
Poinat, 1965. 254p. 
11. Foudations of pediatric nursing by 
Violet Broadribb. Philadelphia, Lippincott, 
c1967. 573p. 


12. L'homme sain ou malade par R. Ga- 
gné. Montreal, Intermonde, c1967. 156p, 
13. How to organize how to operate. 
Reference and Resource Program. Proceed- 
ings of a Conference on Family Planning 
Clinics Toronto, Nov. 17, 1966. Toronto, 
G.D. Searle & Co. of Canada, Ltd., 1967. 
64p. 
14. The implicaJions of continuous learn- 
ing by J. Robbins Kidd. Toronto, Gage, 
1966. 122p. 
15. The improvement of long-term care: 
a new responsibility for community hos- 
pitals by Lucy Freeman. Battle Creek, 
Mich.. W. K. Kellogg Foundation. 1967. 
87p. 
16. The management of archives by T. 
R. Schellenberg. New York, Columbia Uni- 
versity Press. 1965. 383p. 
17. Medical-surgical nursing by Kathleen 
Newton Shafer et al. 4th ed. St. Louis, 
Mosby, 1967. 1009p. 
18. The need for manpower planning in 
the hospital service. A report prepared for 
the Welsh Hospital Board by Anne Crich- 
ton and Robin Hardie. Cardiff, Welsh Hos- 
pital Board, 19651 92p. 
19. A new look at nursing by Elsie C. 
Ensing. 1st ed. London. Pitman Medical 
Publishing Co., 1966. 87p. 
20. Notions élémentaires de pathologie 
médicale par Maurice Cournoyer. Révisé 
par Noel Verschelden. Ottawa, Renouveau 
Pédagogique, 1966. 195p. 


A.R.D.
 
UniQue butterfly-shaped anorectal 
dressing stays comfortably in 
place wIthout tope. Sterile, hIghly 
absorbent. lint free. Supplied 
In boxes of 24. 


-speCial prOducts 
for patient care 
[ 
\ 



 
y 


þ 
p 
JP 


.:- 


"'- 


-- 


HEARTBURN? 



- -. 
SCOPETTES@ 
Proctologic and gynecologic 
swabs with tips of pure. long fiber 
rayon. Free of troublesome lint 
and wisps. Uniform cushion-end 
safeguards tissues Tips secured 
with non-toxic 
egetable glue. 
8" and 16" lengths. Cases of 500. 
vi WI
o
;e
:t
ORRIS 


FULLER@ SHIELD 
Protecti
e dressing holds other 
dressings in place and pre
ents 
staining of linens alter pilonodal, 
proctologic or perineal surgery. 
Adjustable sizes 24-48. 
Individually packaged. 


MONTREAL 


2795 BATES ROAD 



Tr.(lem.,ks ot Fuller Pha,maceuhca' Company 


SEPTEMBER 1967 


Turns take 
heartburn away 
-fast! 


CO. 
LTD. 
CANADA 


Heartburn's one of the worst kinds of 
indigestion. And Turns are the best way 
of relieving it. Wherever you are take 
Tums; they need no water, taste pleas- 
antly minty, act fast to bring long-last- 
ing relief from heartburn, gas and indi- 
gestion, and cost so little. Tums fight 
acid indigestion so well because the y 
consume 93 times their own we ig ht in 
excess stomach acid - So take heart, 
heartburn sufferers - take Tums for 
quick relief. 


T"T";; 4 uoos. 
 
the tummy! 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 53 



accession list 


'V 21. The nurse and the dying patient by 
Jeanne C. Quint. New York, Macmillan. 
1967. 307p. 
22. The nurse consultant and nursing 
service in hospitals and nursing homes. 
Report of the Work Sessions, Nov. 8-10. 
1965, conducted in cooperation with Public 
Health Service. New York, National League 
for Nursing, Dept. of Hospital Nursing, 
1966. SSp. 
23. Programmed instruction and the hos- 
pital. A report on the use of programmed 
instruction in health care units. Chicago, 
Hospital Research and EduCiltional Trust, 
1967. 155p. 
24. La régulation des naissances: précis 
de la méthode sympto--thennique par Jac- 
ques Baillargeon et Hélène Pelletier-Baillar- 
geon. Montréal, Les éditions du jour. c1963. 
157p. 
25. Résumé de pharmacologie et de po- 
sologie par Nicole Tremblay. Révisé par 
Camille Lefebvre. Ottawa, Renouveau Pé- 
dagogique, 1966. 154p. 
26. Roads to maJurity; vers la maturité; 
Proceedings of the second Canadian Con- 
ference on Children. Montreal, Oct. 31
Nov. 


4, 1965, edited by Margery King. Toronto, 
University of Toronto Press, cl967. 146p. 
.. 27. Scientific foundations of nursing by 
Madelyn Nordmark, Anne W. Rohweder 
and Mary S. Tschudin. Philadelphia, Lip- 
pincott, c1967. 388p. 
28. A study of medication errors in a 
hospital by Kenneth N. Barker, Wilson W. 
Kimbrough and William M. Heller. Fayet- 
teville Ark., University of Arkansas, 1966. 
307p. 
29. What's what for children by Eve 
Kassirer. 4th ed. Ottawa, Citizen's Com- 
mittee on Children, 1967. 96p. 
30. Year-round operation of universities 
and colleges; a preliminary research repon 
on the practices and problems of year- 
round calendar with particular reference to 
the Canadian scene by David C. Webb. 
Montreal, Canadian Foundation for Edu- 
cational Development, 1963. 72p. 


PAMPHLETS 
31. A venues for continued learning. New 
York, American Nurses' Association, 1967. 
16p. 
32. Brochure of NLN achievements tests 
in professional nursing. New York, National 
League for Nursing, Evaluation Service, 
1967. 20p. 
33. College-level examination program; 
description and uses, 1967. New York, Col- 
lege Entrance Examination Board, c1967. 
44p. 


34. Criteria for the evaluaJion of educa- 
tional programs in nursing leading to an 
associate degree. New York, National 
League for Nursing, 1967. 12p. 
35. Exposé des fonctions et des qualités 
pour I'exercice des soins infirmiers d'hygiè- 
ne publique au Canada. Toronto, Associa- 
tion canadienne d'hygiène publique, 1966. 
41p. 
36. From here to there by Floris E. 
King. Ottawa, Canadian Tuberculosis As- 
sociation, 1967. (Paper presented at Cen- 
tennial Nursing Institute on Respiratory 
Diseases, April 21, 1967, Ottawa) 3p. 
37. The medical care act; comments and 
reçommendations. Ottawa, Canadian Wel- 
fare Council, 1967. 16p. 
38. The nurse consultant and nursing 
service in hospitals and nursing homes. 
Papers presented at the conference held in 
Atlanta, 
orgia, June 6-8, 1966. New 
York, National League for Nursing, 1967. 
39p. 
39. Organizational revitalization by War- 
ren G. Bennis. Los Angeles, University of 
California, cl966. p.51-60. (Reprint from 
California Management Review). 
40. Selected areas of knowledge or skill 
basic to effective pratice of occupational 
health nursing. New York, American 
Nurses' Association, Occupational Health 
Nurses Section, 1966. 22p. 
41. Skilled /wnds for hospitals. Winnipeg, 
Manitoba Hospital Association, 1967. 48p. 


... 


'\.,. 


I( 


PUBLIC RELATIONS OFFICER 


CHASE 
HOSPITAL 
DOLLS 
For demonstrating and practicing the 
newest nursing techniques . lavage and 
gavage . tracheotomy and colostomy, 
and their post-operation care . nasal 
and otic irrigations . catheterization and 
all abdominal irrigations . subcutane- 
ous, intramuscular and intradermal injec- 
tions . and all standard nursing procedures. 
Let us tell you about the new features we 
have added to this world-famous teaching 
aid. Write to 
M. J. CHASE Co. Inc. 
Pawtucket 


The Canadian Nurses' Association invites applications 
for the position of Public Relations Officer from univer- 
sity graduates with specialization in journalism or liter- 
ature. 


The applicant must be capable of organizing and con- 
ducting public relations programs at regional, national, 
and international levels and have had experience in 
news and feature writing. Bilingualism is an asset. 


Written application should be addressed to: 


Executive Director 


156 Broadway 
Rhode Island 


Canadian Nurses' Association 


50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Canada 


54 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


SEPTEMBER 1967 



Next Month 
in 


The 
Canadian 
Nurse 


. Contraceptive practices 
past and present 


. Renal transplantation 


. Anesthesia for the 
pediatric patient 


ð 

 


Photo credits 


Montreal Chinese Hospital, 
cover photo 


Federal Photos, Montreal, p. 7 


Alvin Shafer, p. 8 


Hamilton Spectator Ltd., p. 19 


Wilkinson Studios, p. 34 


Briston Films Ltd., p. 35 


Henry Koro, p. 40, 41 


SEPTEMBER 1967 


accession list 


42. Statement on nursing requirements 
for inpatient health care services. New 
York, American Nurses' Association, Com- 
mittee on Nursing Service, 1967. 3p. 
43. Teachers and nurses: the issue of 
group power for professional employees by 
Benjamin Solomon. Chicago, Industrial Re- 
lations Centre, 1966. 8p. 
44. What the CN A does for you. Ottawa, 
Canadian Nurses' Association, 1967. pam. 
45. What to do when labor problems 
confront you; a ready reference for em- 
ployees in labor rlations matters. rev. Chic- 
ago, Illinois State Chamber of Commerce, 
Labor Relations Department, 1967. 15p. 


GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS 
Canada 
46. Commission royale d'Enquête sur les 
Services de Santé. L'exercice en groupe 
par J.A. Boon. Ottawa, Imprimeur de la 
Reine, 1966. 87p. 
47. Conseil National de Recherches du 
Canada. Rapport 1965-66. Ottawa, Impri- 
meur de la Reine, 1966. SIp. 
48. Depl. of Labour. Economics and Re- 
search Branch. Determination of the ap- 
proximate bargaining unit by labour rela- 
tions boards in Canada by Edward E. Her- 
man. Ottawa, 1966. 227p. 
49. . Twenty-five provi- 
sions in major collective agreements cover- 
ing employees in Canadian manufacturing 
industries (/966) Ottawa, 19671 24p. 
50. Dept. of Labour. Legislation Branch. 
Labour standards in Canada 1966. Ottawa, 
Queen's Printer, 1967. 76p. 
51. Dept. of National Health and Wel- 
fare. The Canadian mother and child. 3d 
ed. Ottawa, Queen's Printer, 1967. 176p. 
52. . Environmental health 
in disaster. Ottawa, 1967. 101p. 
53. . Guide for the prep- 
aration of a manual of policies and pro- 
cedures for occupational health nursing. 
Ottawa, 1958. 12p. 
54. Law." statutes, etc. A consolidation 
of the British North America Acts 1867 
to 1965, prepared by Eliner A. Driedger. 
Ottawa, Queen's Printer, 1967. SOp. 
55. . Old age security 
act, R.S.C. 1952 c.200 and old age security 
regulations established by P.C. 1965-1166. 
16p. 
56. . Rules of procedures 
of the Canada Labour Relations Board, 
established by P.c. 1954-1727 amended by 
P.c. 1966-1168. Office consolidation. Ot- 
tawa, Quen's Printer, 1967. 8p. 
57. Lois, statuts, etc. Loi sur 1a sécurité 
de la vieillesse, S.R.C. 1952, c.200 et Ré- 
glements sur la sécurité de la vieille.fse éta- 
bUes par C.P. 1965-1166. 16p. 


FOR PATIENT PROTECTION 


POSEY BELT No. 4157 
This Posey Belt moy be used on 0 potient in 
a chair or bed. When used on a patient in a 
chair, it is slipped over the patient's head with 
the sl iding section of the belt in the front of 
the potient. The long strop goes in bock of the 
potient; the ends ore token bock of the choir 
ond hooked together. When this Posey Belt is 
usen on a patient in bed, it is slipped over the 
potient's heod, with the long strop ot the po. 
tient's bock. The snops on the belt ore hooked 
to a strap with a "D" ring which has been 
ottoched to the spring roil of the bed. Mode of 
2" heovy webbing. Moy be loundered. Avail. 
able in small, medium and large sizes. No. 
4157. $9.90 ea. 


" 


C) 0 0 
. . . 


-d 


THE POSEY MITT 
To limit patient's hand activity. An adjustable 
strap ottoched to the mitt and the side rail ot 
the spring determine limit of movement. Can 
be laundered by ordinary methods. Comforto. 
ble, and prevents patient's scratching, pulling 
out cotheter, nasal tube, etc. Avo ilable Small, 
Medium ond Large. No. C.212-(both sides 
flexible) $6.30 each - $12.60 per pair. No. 
R-212-(polm side rigid) $6.60 each-$13.20 
per pair. 


" 


'" 


"'- 
,
'", 
....... 
 
, 
· .''fj ( : 
< ... 
<., 


'"" 


"- 


....... . 

"----. 
WRIST OR ANKLE RESTRAINT 
A friendly restroint available in infant, small, 
medium and large sizes. Also widely used for 
holding extremity during intravenous injection 
No. P.450, $6.00 per poir, $12.00 per set. With 
DECUBITUS padding, No. P.450A, $7.00 per 
pair, $14.00 per set. 


POSEY PRODUCTS 
Stocked in Canada 
B. C. HOLLINGSHEAD LIMITED 
64 Gerrard Street, E, 
Toronto 2, Canada 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 55 



accession list 


58. Ministère de la Santé nationale et du 
Bien-être social. La mère canadienne et 
son enfant. 300. Ottawa, Imprimeur de la 
Reine. 1967. 176p. 
59. Ministère du Travail. Direction de 
I'Economique et des Recherches. La déter- 
mination des salaires au Canada par George 
Saunders. Ottawa, 1965. 46p. 
60. National Research Council of Can- 
ada. Report 1965-66. Ottawa, Queen's 
Printer. 1966. 44p. 
61. Royal Commission on Health Ser- 
vices. The health of the Canadian people 
by Robert Kohn. Ottawa, Queen's Printer, 
1967. 412p. 


Ontario 
62. Dept. of Labour. Women's Bureau. 
Law and the woman in Ontario. Toronto, 
19671 16p. 


United States 
63. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel. 
fare. Public Health. Service. A handbook 
of heart terms. Washington, V.S. Govt. 
Print. Off., 1964. 66p. (V.S. Public Health 
Service publication no. 1073) 
64. . A program for research 
in health economics by Herman M. Somers 


and Anne R. Somers. Washington, 196. 43p. 
(V.S. Public Health Service. Health Econ- 
omics Series no. 7.) 
65. Dept. of Labor. Bureau of Employ- 
ment Security. Health manpower. Washing- 
ton, V.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1966. 94p. 


STUDIES DEPOSITED IN CNA REPOSITORY 
COLLECTION 
66. Preparation of university teachers of 
nursing in Canada: proposals for the pro- 
fessional education component of a mas- 
ter's program by Shirley Ruth Good. New 
York, cl967. 152p. Thesis - Teachers 
College. Columbia University. R. 
67. Report on visits to nursing education 
centers and controlling authorities in Can- 
ada and the United States with implications 
and recommendations for Nova Scotia by 
Margaret A. Beswetherick. Halifax, Regis- 
tered Nurses' Association of Nova Scotia, 
1967. 140p. R. 
68. The self as a philosophical concept: 
a clarification and specification of its dim- 
ensions for more meaningful interpersonal 
encounter in psychiatric nursing by John 
M. Binas. Boston, 1967. 57p. Thesis eM. 
Sc.N.) Boston. R. 
69. Supportive activities of public health 
nurses during visits with psychiatric pa- 
tients by Marie France Castonguay. New 
Haven, Conn., ]967. 117p. Thesis (M.Sc.N.) 
Yale. R. 


why nol 
Cleveland 


Here in Cleveland at Mt. Sinai 
Hospital, nurses find complete 
job satisfaction and opportuni- 
ties for advancement. Begin- 
ning salaries of $550 a month, 
attractive working conditions, 
and provisions for educational 
assistance are three other rea- 
sons why you should consider 
this city and Mt. Sinai Hospi- 
tal. For more information, write 
Nurse Recruiter, Dept. ee. 
I!Jl llìl THE MT. SINAI HOSPITAL 
R... OF CLEVELAND 
UniversIty C"cle. Cleveland OhIo 44106 


Request Form for "Accession List" 
CANADIAN NURSES' ASSOCIATION LIBRARY 


Send this coupon or facsimile to: 
LIBRARIAN, Canadian Nurses' Association, 50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario. 
Please lend me the following publications, listed in the .............................................................. issue of The 
Canadian Nurse, or add my name to the waiting list to receive them when available: 


Item 
No. 


Author 


Short title (for identification) 


Requests for loans will be filled in order of receipt. 
Reference and restricted material must be used in the CNA library. 
Borrowe r ....... ............................. .... ..... ...... .... .................. ........ ........ ................... Regi stratio n No. .............. ..... ............. 
Position ............................................................................................................................................................................... 
Ad dress ............................ ................................ ........ .......... .. ...................................................... .............................. .......... 
Date of req uest .......... ........... ............... .......................... ........ .... ............................ .................................. ......... ....... ......... 


56 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


SEPTEMBER 1967 



, 


GO!... Where the ACTION is! 


Exciting Albany Medical Center, that's where! You'll enjoy 
your work at the fastest-growing teaching hospital in upstate 
New York. And you'll enjoy your surroundings, too. . . including 
the summer music festivals of the Philadelphia and Boston 
Symphony Orchestras. . . thrilling horse racing at Saratoga. . . 
scenic Lake George and the Adirondack Mountains. . . and the 
bright lights of nearby New York City. Our career opportunities 
for nurses are the 
est ever! For details, send for our free 
booklet, "Albany Medical Center Nurse." 


Albany Medical Center Hospital 


SEPTEMBER 1967 


. 


.. 


. 


, 


Ormandy conducts at Saratolla Performing Arts Center 


. 
· Mrs. Helen Middleworth, Director, Nursing Service 
· Albany Medical Center Hospital 
. 
. Albany, New York 12208 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 


Please send me a free copy of your nursing booklet. 


NAME ........... .... ....... ............ ...... 


ADDRESS . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 


CITY ............. ..STATE 


CA. 
........ .ZIP.. ...... 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 57 



classified advertisements 


ALBERTA 


BRITISH COLUMBIA 


Wonted Immediately - Diredor of Nurses. Modern 
26-bed hospiral close to Edmonton. 3 buses doily. 
Salary $500.00 to $550.00 per monlh commensurate 
with experience. Residence available at $40.00 per 
month. Apply: Administrator, Mayerthorpe General 
Hospitol, Mayerthorpe, Alberto. 1-61.1 A 


Director of Nursing (Matron) for a modern 37.bed 
General Hospital. Salary open. For full particulars 
apply to: Two Hills Municipal Hospital, Two Hills, 
Alberto. Phone 657-2335. 


Registereel Nurses (2) wonted: Good Wages. APply 
to: Duclos Hospilal, Bonnyville, Alberto. 


Registered Nurses required for a 51-bed active 
treatment hospital, situated in east central Alberta. 
Salary range from $400 10 $460 commensurate with 
experience. Full maintenance in new nurses' resid- 
ence for $40 per month, sick leave and pension 
benefits available, 4O-hour work week, 21 days plus 
statutory holidays after Ihe firsl year, and 2B days 
plus statutory holidays afler five years. For further 
information kindly contact: W.N. Saranchuk, Admin- 
istrator, Elk Point, Municipal Hospital, Elk Point, 
Alberto. 1-34-1 


Registered Nurses for General Duty in a 32-bed 
hospital. Boord and Room $40.00 per monlh. Salary 
range $390.00 to $475.00. For further information 
contact: The Director of Nursing, St. Theresa Hes. 
pital, Ft. Vermilion, Alberto. 


NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active 30.bed hospital, 
recently constructed building. Town on main line of 
the C.P.R. and on Number 1 highway, midway 
between the cities of Calgary and Medicine Hat. 
Nurses on stoff must be willing and able to take re- 


ADVERTISING 
RATES 


FOR All 
ClASSIFIED ADVERTISING 


$10.00 for 6 lines or less 
$2.00 for each additional line 


Rates for display 
advertisements on request 


Closing date for copy and cancellation is 
6 weeks prior to 1st day of publication 
month. 
The Canadian Nurses' Association has 
not yet reviewed the personnel policies 
of the hospitals and agencies advertising 
in the Journal. For authentic information, 
prospective applicants should apply to 
the Registered Nurses' Association of the 
Province in which they are interested 
in working. 


Address correspondence to: 


The 
Canadian ð 
Nurse 
 


50 THE DRIVEWAY 
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO. 


58 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


I I 


ALBERTA 


sponsibílity in all deportments of nursing, with the 
exception of the Operating Room. Recently renovated 
nurses' residence with all single rooms situated on 
hospital grounds. Apply to: Mrs. M. Hislop, Adminis- 
trator and Director af Nursing, Bassano General Hos- 
pital, Bassano, Alberto 1-5-1 


General Duty Nurses for active, accredited, well- 
equipped 64-bed hospital in growing town, population 
3,500. Salaries range from $380-$440 commensurale 
with experience, other benefits. Nurses residence. 
Excellent personnel policies and working conditions. 
New modern wing opened this year. Good commu- 
nications to large nearby cities. Apply Director of 
Nursing, Brooks General Hospital, Brooks, Alberta. 
1-13-1B 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES - Salary range - $4,320 
to $5,460 per annum, 40 hour week. Modern living. 
in facilities available at moderate rates, if desired. 
Civil Service holiday, sick leave and pension bene- 
fits. Starting sa1ary commensurate with training 
and experience. Apply to: Superintendent of Nurses, 
Boker Memorial Sanatorium, Box 72, Calgary, 
Alberto. 1.14-3 A 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 94-bed General Hos- 
pital located in Alberla's unique Badlands. $380- 
$440 per monlh, approved AARN and AHA per. 
sonnel policies. Apply to: Miss M. Hawkes, Director 
of Nursing, Drumheller General Hospital, Drumhel- 
ler, Alberto. 1-31-2A 


Gen.rol Duty Nurses for 64-bed active treatment 
hospital, 35 miles south of Calgary. Salary range 
$3BO - $450. Living accommodation available in sep- 
arate residence if desired. Full maintenance in 
residence $45.00 per month. Excellent Personnel 
Policies and working conditions. Please apply to: 
The Director of Nursing, High River General Hos- 
pital, High River, Alberto. 1-46-IA 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Modern 26-bed hospital 
close to Edmonton. 3 buses doily. 50 lory $380 to 
$450 per month commensurate with expenence. 
Residence available at $40.00 per month. Excellent 
personnel policies. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Mayerthorpe Municipal Hospital, Mayerthorpe, Al- 
berto. 1-61-1 


General Duty Nursing positions are available in a 
100
bed convalescent rehabilitation unit forming 
port of a 330.bed hospital complex. Residence 
available. Salary 1967 - $3BO to $450. per mo. 
196B - $405 to $485. Experience recognized. For 
full particulars contact Director of Nursing Service, 
Auxiliary Hospital, Red Deer, Alberto. 


G.n.rol Duty Nurses required by 150-bed general 
hospital presently expanding to 230 beds. Salary 
1967, $3BO to $450; 1968 - $405 to $485. Experi- 
ence recognized. Residence available. For particulars 
contact Director of Nursing Service, Red Deer 
General Hospital, Red Deer, Alberta. 


Graduate Nurses for G.n.ral Duty. Basic salary 
$380, annual increments. Policies as recommended 
by AARN. Apply to: Administrator, Providence Hos- 
pital, High Prairie, Alberto. 1-45-1 


Public Health Nurs. required by the Athabasca 
Health Unit sub-office at Lac La Biche, Alberto. 
P.H.N. preferred, R.N. considered. Salary in accord. 
ance with experience and qualifications. For further 
information apply Medical Officer of Health, Atha- 
basca Heolth Unit, 80x 1140, Athabasca, Alberto. 


Enquiries ar. invited from persons interested in 
challenging teaching positions in a two-year di. 
ploma nursing program in a Junior College. Appli. 
cants must have a baccalaureate degree in nursing 
and at least two years of teachi.,g experience. 
Positions available in 1968. Apply, Chairman, 
Deportment of Nursing Education, Mounl Royal 
Junior College, Calgary, Alberto. 


Nurses required for a 5O-bed AUXILIARY HOSPITAL 
in town of 4000. Salay range $3BO - $450. Experi- 
ence recognized. Residence accommodation avail. 
able. Policies available on request. Apply to Mrs. 
A. Tetarenko, R.N., Director of NUf$ing, Wainwright. 
Provost Auxiliary Hospital, Wainwright, Alberto. 


I I 


Operating Room Supervisor: Applications are invited 
for the above position. Qualifications required - 
Registered Nurse with a postgraduate course in 
O.R. Management or the equivalent in experience. 
RNABC personnel policies in effecl. Apply in writing 
to Director of Nursing, Chilliwack General Hospital 
Chilliwack. B.C. ' 


ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL, VICTORtA, B.C.: Invites 
B.C. Registered Nurses (or Ihose eligible) to apply 
for these positions: SUPERVISOR for a 42-bed Psychia. 
tric Unit. HEAD NURSE for modern Posr-Operative 
Recovery Room. GENERAL STAFF for Psychiatric Unil. 
Apply indicating preparation and experience to: 
Director of Nursing, Victoria, British Columbia. 
2-76.4A 


Op.rotIßg Room Head Nurs. ($464 - $552), G.nerol 
Duty Nurses (B.C. Regist.red $405. $481, non-Regis- 
tered $390) for fully accredited 113-bed hospital in 
N.W. B.C. Excellent fishing, skiing, skating, curling 
and bowling. Hot springs swimming nearby. Nurses' 
residence, room $20 per month. Cafeteria meals. 
Apply: Director af Nursing, Kitimat General Hospital, 
Kitimat, British Columbia. 2-36-1 


Registered Nurs. with prov.n O.R. .xp.rienc. for 
Y2 time service in O.R., Y2 time to establish in- 
service training programs, for small peripheral hos. 
pitals. For information: Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Fraser Canyon Hospital, R.R. No. I, Hope, British 
Columbia. 2-30-1 A 


B.C. R.N. for Gen.ral Duty in 32 bed General Hospi- 
tal. RNABC 1967 salary rate $390 - $466 and fringe 
benefits, modern, comfortable, nurses' residence in 
attractive community close to Vancouver, B.C. For 
application form write: Director of Nursing, Fraser 
Canyon Hospital, R.R. I. Hope, B.C. 2-30.1 


Registered or non-r.gistered G.neral Duty Nurs.s 
and Nursing Assistants (3 required immediately) 
for new 31-bed, active treatment hospital, located 
in the South Cariboo. Personnel pol icies in ac
 
cordance with RNABC. Nurses' residence available. 
Apply in writing to: Director of Nursing, 100 Mile 
District General Hospital, 100 Mile House, British 
Columbia. 2-50-2 


G.neral Duty Nurses for active 30-bed hospital. 
RNABC pol icies and schedules in effect, also North- 
ern allowance. Accommodations available in res- 
idenc.. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital. 
Fort Nelson, Brilish Columbia. 2-23.' 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES (Two) for aClive 66-bed 
hospital, with new hospital to open in 1968. 
Active in.service programme. Salary range $390 to 
$466 per month. Personnel policies according to 
current RNABC contract. Hospital situated in beauti. 
ful East Kootenays of British Columbia, wilh swim- 
ming, golfing and skiing facilities readily available 
Apply to: The Director of Nursing, St. Eugene Hos- 
pital, Cranbrook, British Columbia. 2-15-1 


G.nerol Duty Nurs.s for modern 85-bed hospilal. 
Salary $390.00 to $466.00. Recognition for experi. 
ence. Industry - gas. oil and agriculture. Situated 
60 miles from Peace River Dam Project. Apply: 
Director af Nursing, Providence Hospital, Fort St. 
John, B.C. 2-24-1 


G.n.røl Duty Nurses for new 30-bed hospilal 
located in excellent recreational area. Salary and 
personnel policies in accordance with RNABC. Com. 
fortable Nurses' home. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
80undary Hospital, Grand Forks, British Columbia. 
2-27-2 


Gen.rol Duty Nurse for 54.bed aclive hospital in 
northwestern B.C. Salaries: B.C. Registered $405, B.C. 
Non-Registered, $390, RNABC personnel policies 
in effect. Planned rotation. New residence, room and 
board: $55/m. T.V. and good social activities. 
Write: Director of Nursing, Box 1297, Terrace, British 
Columbia. 2-70-2 


GRADUATE NURSES: For permanent stoff or holiday 
relief. In active l64-bed acute General Hospital 
with full accreditation, located in the Columbia 
River Volley in southeastern British Columbia. Un- 
(Continued on page 60) 
SEPTEMBER 1967 



200,000 more 


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there are over 


who need your help! 


REGISTERED NURSES e PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES 
CERTIFIED NURSING ASSISTANTS 
Have you considered a Career with the... 
Indian Health Services of MEDICAL SERVICES 
DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE 


for further information write to: MEDICAL SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE, OTTAWA, CANADA 


I 
NEED 
YOU 


NURSES 


EXECUTIVE AND GENERAL DUTY STAFF 


.,.. 


"I!'"' 
 
\., 


ie- 
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.... 



 



1I
 
'. 
Victoria Hospital - London, Ontario 


- ..... 
.... ... 


1 


OPPORTUNITIES 


- 


Unlimited challenge fa progress within a modern, 1,000 bed teach- 
ing hospital, affiliated wifh The University of Western Onfario, 
(situated in the heart of Southwestern Ontario.) Wide choice of 
specialties includes:- 
MEDICINE 
OBSTETRICS 
OPERATING ROOM 
INTENSIVE CARE UNIT 
DIALYSIS UNIT 


SURGERY 
PAEDIATRICS 
RECOVERY ROOM 
CORONARY CARE UNIT 
PSYCHIATRY 


TO CARE FOR ME AT 
U.S. PHS ALASKA NATIVE HOSPITALS 
WANTED: PROFESSIONAL NURSES FOR 
CIVIL SERVICE POSITIONS 
EXCELLENT SALARIES 
PROMOTIONAL OPPORTUNITIES 
TRAVEL 
CIVIL SERVICE BENEFITS 
NEW EXPERIENCES 
For Details W rite To: 
AREA PERSONNEL OffiCER 
U.S. PHS ALASKA NATIVE HEALTH AREA OfFICE 
BOX 7-741 
ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 
EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER 


BENEFITS 


-Top salaries and personnel policies 
--40.hour work week 
-28 days vacation, executive nursing personnel 
-21 days vacation, general duty staff 
-18 days sick leave 
FOR FURTHER DET AtLS WRITE TO: 
Director of Nursing 
VICTORIA HOSPITAL 
London - Ontario 


SEPTEMBER 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 59 



BRITISH COLUMBIA 


limited social and sports aclivities including golf, 
tennis, swimming, skiing and curling. 40 hour week: 
Starting salary after regislration $390 rising to $466. 
Four weeks annual vacation, 10 statutory holidays, 
1 J/2 days sick leave per month cumulative to 120 
days. Employer-employee participation in medical 
coverage and superannuation. Residence accommoda- 
tion. For further information apply to: Direclor of 
Nursing, Trail-Tedonec Hospital, Trail, British Co- 
lumbia. 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES - for 109-bed hospital in 
expanding Northwestern British Columbia City. Salary 
$405 to $481 for B.e. Registered Nurses with recogni- 
tion for experience. RNABC contract in effect. Gradu- 
ote Nurses not registered in B.e. paid $390. Benefits 
include comprehensive medical and pension plans. 
Travel allowance up to $60 refunded after one 
year's service. Comfortable, modern residence accom- 
modation at $15 per month, meols at cost. Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, Prince Rupert General Hospital, 
551-5th Avenue East, Prince Rupert, B.C. 2-58-2A 


General Duty Nurses for well-equipped 63-bed gen- 
eral hospital in beautiful inland Valley adiacent 
Lake Kathlyn and Hudson Bay Glacier. Boating, 
fishing, swimming, golfing, curling, skating, skiing. 
Salary $390 - $405. Maintenance $60.00, 40 hour - 
5 day week, Vacation with pay - Comfortable, at- 
tractive nurses' residence. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Bulkley Valley District Hospital, P.O. 80x 
370, Smilhers, B.e. 2oÓ7-1 


General Duty Nu...... needed for aclive 45-bed 
hospital - Central B.e. R.N.A. salary scale and 
personnel policies in effect. Salary recognition 
given for experience. Overtime paid. Modern 
Nurses' Residence available. New hospilal planned 
for near future. Write Director of Nursing, St. 
John Hospital, Vanderhoof, B.e. 


General Duty and Operating Roam Nurses for 70-bed 
Acure General Hospilal on Pacific Coast. B.e. Regis- 
tered $390 - $466 per month (Credit for experience). 
Non B.e. Regisrered $375 - Practical Nurses B.e. Li- 
censed $273 - $311 per month. Non Registered $253- 
$286 per month. Board $20 per month, room $5.00 per 
month. 20 paid holidays per year and 10 statutory 
holidays after 1 year. Fare paid from Vancouver. 
Superannuation and medical plans. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, St. George's Hospital, Alert Boy, British 
Columbia. 2-2-1 A 


General Duty, O.R. and experienced Obstetrical 
Nurses for modern, ISO.bed haspital located in the 
beautiful Fraser Valley. Personnel policies in aC- 
cordance with RNABe. Apply 10: Director of Nursing, 
Chilliwack General Hospilal, Chilliwack, British Co. 
lumbia. 2.13-1 


General Duty, Operaling Raam and Experienced 
Obstetrical Nurses for 434.bed hospital with schoal 
of nursing. Salary: $372-$444. Credit for past ex. 
perience and postgraduate training. 4O-hr. wk. Stat. 
utory holidays. Annual increments; cumulative lick 
leave; pension plan. 28-daYI annual vacation; B.C. 
registration requir;;J. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, British 
Columbia. 2-73-13 


General Duty and Operating Roam Nurses tor 
modern 450-bed hospital with School of Nursing. 
RNABC policies in effect. Credit for past experience 
and postgraduate training. British Columbia registra- 
tion required. For particulars write to: the Director of 
Nursing Service, St. Joseph's Hospital, Victoria, Bri- 
tish Columbia. 2-76-5 


GRADUATE NURSES for 24-bed hospital, 35-mi. from 
Vancouver, an coast, salary and personnel prac- 
tices in accord with RNABC. Accommodation availa- 
ble. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospilol, 
Squamish, British Calumbia. 2-68.1 


Graduate Nu.... for General Duty in modern 188- 
bed hospital in city (20,000) on Vancouver Island. 
Personnel policies in accordance wilh RNABC poli 
cies. Starting salary for R.N. $372. per manth. Ap- 
ply ta: Direclår of Nursing, Regional General Hos- 
pital, Nanaimo, British Columbia. 2.46-1 


PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES: B.e. Civil Service. Salary: 
$476-$580 per month, car provided. Inleresfing and 
challenging professional service with opportunities for 
transfer throughoul beautiful B.e. Apply to: B.e. 
Civil Service Commission, 544 Michigan Street, 
VICTORIA, B.e. 
COMPETITION Na. 67:57. 2-76.7 


60 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


I I 


MANtTOaA 


Director af Nursing wanred for 20-bed hospital in 
Southwestern Manitoba. Living-in accommodation 
available in Residence. Personnel Policies include a 
wide range of fringe benefits. Salary negotiable on 
basis of past experience and qualifications Please 
direct enquiries 10 Mr. J. G. Donald, Administralor, 
Reston Community Hospital, Reston, Manitoba. 


Registered Nu..e: Required for 50.bed general hospital 
in Fort Churchill, Manitoba. Starling salary $500 per 
month. Return fare from Winnipeg refunded after one 
year's service. For particulars write to: Director of 
Nursing, General Hospital, Fort Churchill, Manitoba. 
3-75-1 


Registered Nu... for 18-bed haspital at Vita, Maniloba, 
70 miles from Winnipeg. Daily bus service. Salary 
range $390 - $475, with allowance for experience. 
40 hour week, 10 statutory holidays, 4 weeks paid 
vacation after one year. Full maintenance available 
far $SO per month. Apply: Matran, Vita District 
Hospital, Vita, Manitoba. 3-68-1 


Registered Nurses and Licensed Practical Nurses 
required for 21-bed hospital at Rossburn, Manitoba. 
Salary: R.N:s-$395-$480, L.P.N:s-$275.$315. Good 
personnel policies. For further information contact 
(Mrs.) A. M. Sti", D.O.N., Rossburn Medical Nurs- 
ing Unit, Rossburn, Manitoba. 3-49-1 


Gen.rat Duty Regist.red Nu.... far 34-bed hospital. 
Salary $395 10 $455. Four annual increments af 
$15. Forty hour week equivalent. For particula.. 
and personnel policies contact Director of Nurses, 
Souris District Hospital, Souris, Manitoba. 


NOVA SCOTIA 


Registered Nurses for 21-bed hospital in pleasant 
community - Eastern Shore of Nova Scotia. Apply: 
Superintendent, Eastern Shore Memorial Hospital, 
Sheet Harbour, Nova Scotia. 6-32-1 


Regist.red and GradUale Nurses for General Duty. 
New hospital with all modern conveniences, also, 
new nurses' residence available. South Shore Com- 
munity. Apoly 10: Superintendent, Queens General 
Hospital, Liverpool, Nova Scotia. 6-20-1 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Posilions available for 
Regislered Qualified General Duty Nurses for 138- 
bed active treatment hospital. Residence accam. 
modation available. Applications and enquiries will 
be received by: Director of Nursing, 8lanchard-Fraser 
Memorial Hospital, Kentville, Nova Scolia. 6-19.1 


ONTARIO 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING. Applicatians are sought for 
the above position at Geraldton District Hospital 
(45-beds, 12 bassinelS). Qualifications ta be cited 
must include membership of the Registered Nurses' 
Association of Ontario, and evidence of formal train- 
ing and experience in nursing administration. A 
full position description is available on request 
from: The Administrator, Gerald.on Diltrict Hospital, 
Geraldton. Ontario. 


Registered Nurse and Technician required for O.R. 
Department of 81-bed hospilal. Apply: Direclor of 
Nursing, Alexandra Marine and General Hospital, 
Goderich, Ontaria. 7.51.1 


Registered Nurses for 34-bed hospital, min. salary 
$415 with regular annual increments to maximum 
of $495. 3.wk. vacotion with pay; sick leave after 
6-mo. service. All Staff - 5 day 4O-hr. wk., 9 
statutary holidays, pension plan and other benefilS. 
Apply 10: Superintendent, Englehart & District Hos- 
pital, Englehart, Ontario. 7.40-1 


REGISTERED NURSES (IMMEDIATELY) for a new 40. 
bed hospital. Nurses' residence - private rooms with 
bath - $20 per month. Minimum salary $415 plus 
experience allowance, 4 semi-annual increments. 
Reply to: The Director of Nursing, Geraldton District 
Hospital, Geraldton. Ontaria. 7-50-IA 


REGISTERED NURSES for General Duty in 29-bed 
aclive treatment hospital. Salary $415 to $455. 3 
week vacation, 8 Statutory holidays. 40 hour week. 
Excellent personnel policies. Apply - Administratrix, 
Bingham Memoriai Hospital, Matheson, Ontario. 


I I 


ONTARIO 


REGISTERED NURSES required for too.bed hospital in 
the Model Town of the North. All usual fringe 
benefits available and a limited amount of living-in 
accommodation. Salary range for general duty nurses 
$415 - $485 depending on qualifications and ex- 
perience. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Sensenbren- 
ner Hospital, Kapuskasing, Ontario. 7oÓ2-1 


Regist.red Nurse.. Applications and enquiries are 
invited for general duty positions 0", the staff of the 
Manitouwadge General Hospital. Excellent salary 
and fringe benefits. Liberal policies regarding ac- 
commodation and vacation. Modern well-equipped 
33-bed hospital in new mining lown, about 250'mi. 
east of Port Arthur and north-west of White River, 
Ontaria. Pop. 3,500. Nurses.' residence comprises indi. 
vidual self-contained apts. Apply, stating qualifica- 
tions, experience, age, marital status, phone number, 
etc. to the Administratar, General Hospital, Mani- 
touwadge, Onlario. Phone 826-3251 7-74.1 A 


REGtSTERED NURSES required immediately for 53- 
bed hospilal. Minimum salary $415. Three weeks 
vacation, pension, life and medical insurance, B 
statutory holidays, AO hour week. Air, rail and road 
communicafion. Northern hospitality. Apply ta: Direc. 
tor of Nurses, Porcupine General Hospital, South 
Porcupine, Onto 7-123-1 


Regist.red Nurses for 18-bed (expanding 10 36-bed) 
General Hospital in Mining and Resort town of 5,000 
people. Beautifully located on Wawa Lake, 140 miles 
north of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Wide variety af 
summer and winter sports including swimming, boat- 
ing, fishing, golfing, skating, curl ing and bowl ing. 
Six churches of different failhs. Salaries comparable 
with all northern hospilals. Limited bed and board 
available at reasonabltt rate. Excellent personnel 
policies, pleasant working conditions. HEAD NURSE 
OPERATING ROOM NURSE with some formal pre- 
paration and/or adequate experience. Apply 10: 
Director of Nursing, The Lady Dunn General Hos- 
pital, Box 179, Wawa, Ontario. 


Regist.red Nurs.. and Registered Nursing Assistants 
(immediately) for 32-bed hospital in northwestern 
Ontaria. Please apply to: Director of Nursing, Ati- 
kokan General Hospital, Atikokan, Ontaria. 7-5-1 


Regist.red Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 
for tOO-bed General Hospilal, situated in Northern 
Ontario. Salary range $415 - $455 per month, RNA's 
$273 - $317 per manth, shift differential, annual 
increments, 40 hour week, OHSC and P.S.I. plans in 
effecl. Accommodation available in residence if 
desired. For full particulars apply 10: The DireClor 
of Nurses, Lady Minta Hospital, Cochrane, Ontaria. 
7.30-1 B 


Regist.red Nune. and Registered Nursing AI.i.fants 
are invited to make application to our 75-bed, 
modern General Hospital. You will be in the Vaca- 
tionland of the North, midway between the lakehead 
and Winnipeg, Manitoba. Basic wage for Registered 
Nurses is $408 and for Registered Nursing Assistants 
is $285 with yearly increments and consideration for 
experience. Write or phone: The Director of Nursing, 
Dryden District General Hospital, DRYDEN, Ontario. 
7-26-1 A 


Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 
for l60-bed accredited hospilal. Starting salary $415 
and $285 respectively with regular annual incre- 
ments for botn. Excellent personnel policies. Resid- 
ence accommodation available. Apply to: Director af 
Nursing, Kirkland & District Hospital, Kirkland Lake, 
Ontaria. 7oÓ7-1 


Registered Nurlel and Regist.red Nuning A.sistant.. 
Starting Salary for R.N. is $415 and far R.N.A is $300. 
Allowance for experience. Excellent fringe benefits. 
Write: Mrs G. Gordon, Superintendent, Nipigon Dis- 
trier Memorial Hospital, Box 37, Nipigon, Ontaria. 
7.B7-1 


Registered NUrie and Registered Nurling Alsiltant. 
in modern 100.bed hospital, situated 40 miles from 
O"awa. Excellent personnel policies. Residence 
accommodation available. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Smiths Falls Public Hospital, Smiths Falls, 
Ontario. 7-120.2A 


Registered or Graduate Nurl.., reQuired for modern 
92-bed hospital. Residence accommodotion $20 month- 
ly. Overseas nurses welcome. Lovely old Scottish 
Tow", near Otlawa. Apply: Director of Nursing, The 
Great War Memorial Hospital, Perth, Ontaria. 7-100-2 


REGISTERED NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active 
accredited well equipped 2B.bed hospital. 30 mile. 
from Ottawa. Residence accommodation. Good per- 
sonnel policies. Apply fa: Administratrix, KempfviJIe 
District Hospital, Kemptville. Ontario. 7-63.t 


SEPTEMBER 1967 



SUNNYBROOK 
HOSPIT AL 


REGISTERED NURSES 


General Duty Nurses on rotating 
shifts are needed as part of the 
re-organization of Sunnybrook as 
a university teaching hospital. 
Employment in our Nursing Ser- 
vices Department includes: 


- Metro Toronto Salary Scale 
Accommodation at reduced 
rates. Full range of fringe 
benefits 


- Three weeks vacation after 
1 year 


- Good location 
subway on 
grounds. 


bus from 
to hospital 


For additional in/ormation, 
please write: 
Director of Personnel 
and Public Relations, 


SUNNYBROOK HOSPITAL 


2075 Bayview Avenue 
Toronto 12, Ontario 


SEPTEMBER 1967 


DIRECTOR OF NURSES 


The Dr. Charles A. Janeway Child Health Centre invites 
applications for the position of Director of Nurses to be respons- 
ible for the administration of all nursing services within the 
hospital. 


Qualifications include graduation from an approved 
School of Nursing with experience or preparation in patient 
care administration. Post-graduate study in paediatric nursing 
desirable, but not essential. 


Salary commensurate with training, experience and 
ability. Generous personnel policies. New modern electrically 
heated apartment available at reasonable rent in adjacent 
hospital apartment complex. 


This is a modern 292 bed paediatric hospital opened in 
1966 to serve Newfoundland and Labrador with a full range 
of services to children up to 16 years of age. Medicine, Sur- 
gery, Orthopedics, Psychiatry, Cardio Respiratory, Out-Patients, 
Emergency and other departments organized and operating. 
Diagnostic and Therapeutic facilities excellent. Teaching pro- 
gramme for internes and student nurses on affiliated basis. 


This hospital is located in a city of 100,000 population 
offering wide variety of educational, cultural and entertain- 
ment activities. 


Excellent opportunity in this challenging position for 
further development of nursing services in this progressive 
hospital. 


Please direct enquiries or applications, stating training, 
experience and references to: 


THE ADMINISTRATOR, 
THE DR. CHARLES A. JANEWAY CHILD HEALTH CENmE 
PLEASANTVILLE, ST. JOHN'S, NEWFOUNDLAND 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 61 



THE HOSPITAL 


FOR 


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YOU 


Receive the advantages of: 


1. Five-week 
gram for 


orientation 
new staff. 


pro- 


2. Ongoing in-service education 
for nurses. 


3. Extensive student education 
program. 
4. Research Institute. 


APPLICATION FOR GENERAL 
DUTY POSITIONS INVITED 


For information contact: 


THE DIRECTOR Of NURSING 


555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Canada 


62 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


ONTARIO 


Registered Nurses for Generol Duty in loo.bed hos- 
pital, located 30-mi. from Ottawa, are urgently re- 
quired. Good personnel policies, accommodation 
available in new staff residence. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, District Memorial Hospital, Winchester, On- 
torio. 7.144-1 


Registered Nurses for Generol Stoff ond Operoting 
Room. Accredited 235-bed, modern, General Hospital. 
Good personnel pol icies. Beginning solory $400 per 
month, recognition for experience, annual bonus plan. 
Planned in-service programs. Assistance with trans- 
portation Apply: Director of Nursing, Sudbury Me. 
morial Hospital, Regen' Street, S., Sudbury, Ontario. 
7-127.4 A 


Generol Duty Nurses for 66-bed General Hospital. 
Starting salary: $40S/m. Excellent personnel policies. 
Pension plan, life insurance, etc., residence accom- 
modation. Only 10 min. from downtown Buffalo. 
Apply: Director of Nursing, Douglas Memorial Hos- 
pital, Fort Erie, Ontario. 7-45-1 


General Duty Nurses, Certified Nursing Assistants & 
Operoting Room T echnicion (1) for new SO-bed hos- 
pital with modern equipment, 40-hr. wk., 8 statutory 
hol idays, excellent personnel pol icies & opportunity 
for advancement. Tourist town on Georgian Bay. 
Good bus connections to Toronto. Apply to: Director 
of Nurses, General Hospital, Meaford, Ontario. 7.79-1 


Generol Stoff Nurses ond Registered Nursing Assi.. 
tants are required for a modern, well-equipped General 
Hospital currently expanding ta 167 beds. Situated in 
a progressive community in South Western Ontario, 30 
miles from Windsor-Detrait Border. Salary scaled to 
experience and Qualifications. Excellent employee 
benefits and working conditions plus an opportunity 
to work in a Patient Centered Nursing Service. Write 
for further information to: Miss Patricia McGee, B. 
Sc.N., Reg.N. Director of Nursing, Leamington District 
Memorial Hospital, Leamington, Ontario. 7-69-1 A 


Registered Nurses for Generol Duty in well-equipped 
2B-bed hospital, located in growing gold mining 
and tourist area, north of Kenora, Ontario. Modern 
residence with individual rooms; room, board and 
uniform laundry only $50/m, 4O-hr. wk., no split shift, 
cumulative sick time, 8 statutory holidays and 28 
day paid vacation after one year. Starting salary 
$430. Apply to: Matron, Margaret Cochenour Memo- 
rial Hospital, Cochenour, Ontario. 7
29-1 


Registered Generol Duty Nurses required for B I-bed 
hospital. Salary range $400-$445 per month accord- 
ing to experience and Qualifications. Residence aC- 
commodation available. Attractive new hospital, good 
working conditions. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Alexandra Marine and General Hospital, Goderich, 
Ontario. 7.51.1 A 


Generol Duty Nurs.. for 100-bed modern hospital. 
Southwestern Ontario, 32 mi. from London. Salary 
commensurate with experience and ability; S398/m 
basic salary. Pension plan. Apply giving full par- 
flcuJars to: The Director of Nurses, District Memorial 
Hospital, Tillsonburg, Ontario. 7-131.1 


OPERATING ROOM NURSES (2) for a fully ac. 
credited 70-bed General Hospital. For Operating 
Room Duty. Salary according to experience. Apply to: 
O.R. Supervisor, Penetanguishene General Hospital, 
Penefanguishene, Ontario. 7-99-2 


OPERATING ROOM NURSE ond CENTRAL SUPPLY 
SUPERVISOR: wanted for 50-bed hospital. State ex. 
perience and references. Apply to: Administrator, 
Saugeen Memorial Hospital, Southampton, Ontario. 


Qualified Public Health Nurses required for expand- 
ing generalized program in leading resort area. 
Attractive salary ranges, fringe benefits, and travel 
allowance. For full details please contact: W. H. 
Bennett, M.D., D.P.H., Medical Officer of Health, 
Muskoka and District Health Unit, Box 1019, Brace- 
bridge, Ontario. 7-15-2 


PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE for Brant County Health 
Unit. Salary Range $5,200-$6,400; experience recog- 
nized. Fringe benefits: 50% of PSI and Hospitaliza- 
tion, Participation in OMERS pension plan; cumu- 
lative sick leave. Basic car allowance with mileage. 
One month annual holiday. Apply to Dr. W. E. 
Page, M.O.H., Brant County Health Unit, 194 Terrace 
Hill Street, Branrford, Ontario. 


Public Health Nurses for Health Unit in Northern 
Ontario. Generalized Program. Good salary and 
personnel policies. Apply: Supervisor of Nurses, 
Porcupine Health Unit, Timmins, Ontario. 7-132.2 


Public Heolth Nurses - Generol Progrom. Salary 
Range $5,666 to $6,926 by Increments of $157 at 
intervals of six months. Starting salary related to 
experience. Generous Car Allowance. Cumulative 
Sick Leave, One Month's Vacation. Employer shared 


I I 


ONTARIO 


pension plan, medical and hospital insurance. Ap- 
ply to: Dr. E. G. Brown, Kent County Health Unit, 
21 
venth Street, Chatham, Ontario. 


Public Heolth Nurses (qualified) for Stormont, Dun. 
das and Glengarry Health Unit, Cornwall, located in 
the Seaway Valley areo. Generalized programme. 
Shared pension plan, hospital ization, P .5.1. Generous 
car allowance. Vacation, cumulative sick leave. Sa- 
lary minimum $5,250 - maximum $6,500. Annual in. 
crements $250. Allowance made for experienced 
nurses. Apply to: Dr. R.V. Peters, Director and 
Medical Officer of Health, S.D. and G. Health Unit, 
Box 105B. Cornwall, Ontario. 


Public Heolth Nurses wanted for scenic urban and 
rural health unit, close to the capital city, in the 
upper Ottawa Valley tourist area. Good summer 
and winter recreational facilities. Salary range 
$S,192 - $6,107. Allowance for experience and/or 
degree. Usual fringe benefits. Direct enquiries to 
Miss R. Coyne, Supervisor of Nurses, Renfrew 
County Health Unit, 169 William Street, Pembroke 
Ontario. 


Public Heolth Nurses for generalized programme in 
a County-City Health Unit. Salary schedule $5,400 
to $6,600 per annum. 20 days vacation. Employer 
shared pension plan, P.S.I. and hospitalization. 
Mileage allowance or unit cars. Apply to: Miss 
Veronica O'Leary, Supervisor of Public Health Nurs- 
ing, Peterborough County.City Health Unit, P.O. 
Box 246, Peterborough, Ontario. 7.101-4A 


NURSE with psychiatric or public health training 
or both is required in the new Community Psychia- 
tric Hospital, Guelph. This person will heod the 
development of a nursing service within the out. 
patient and day care clinic and within the commu- 
nity so as to provide an integrated service. SALARY 
scale is competitive with any comparable position 
and will depend on qualifications and experience. 
APPLICATIONS, including names of three referees, 
should be addressed to The Director, Community 
Psychiatric Hospital, Guelph, Ontario (8ox 1026). 


QUEBEC 


Registered Nunes for 30.bed General Hospital. Hun- 
tingdon is a small manufacturing town 50 miles 
from centre of Montreal. There are excellent social 
and recreational facilities. Salaries as approved by 
QHIS. Annual vacation 4 weeks, accumulated sick 
leave. Blue Cross paid. Bonus for permanent night 
shift. Full maintenance available for $43.50 per 
month. Apply: Mrs. D. Hawley, R.N., Huntingdon 
County Hospital, Huntingdon, Quebec. 9-29-1 


REGISTERED NURSES for modern SO-bed general 
hospital expanding to 150 beds, located in an at- 
tractive, dynamic, sports oriented community 50 
miles south of Montreal. Salaries and fringe bene- 
fits comparable to Montreal. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Brome-Missisquoi-Perkins Hospital, Cowans. 
ville, p.a. 


OPERATING ROOM STAFF NURSES: (applications are 
invited). In a modern 350-bed hospital. Salaries 
commensurate with experience and postgraduate 
education. Cumulative sick leave, 28 days annual 
vacation, retirement plan and other liberal fringe 
benefits. Apply: Director of Nursing Service, St. 
Mary's Hospital, 3830 Lacombe Avenue, Montreal 
26, Quebec. -9-47-39A 


SASKATCHEWAN 


Registered Nurses ond Certified Nursing AssiSlonts 
for 750-bed hospital, close to downtown. Building 
and expansion program in progress. SRNA recom- 
mended salaries in effect. Experience recognized. 
Progressive personnel policies. Apply: Nursing Re- 
cruitment Officer, Regina General Hospital, Regina, 
Saskatchewan. 


MATRON ond GRADUATE NURSES required for 8.bed 
hospital in Sauthern Sask. Salary range - Matron 
$429 - $544; Graduate Nurse $374 - $474. Qualifica- 
tions and experience considered. Three weeks va- 
cation plus statutory holidays and 40 hour week. 
Personnel policies on request. Apply to: Mrs. D.L. 
Knops, Sec.-Treos., Rockglen Union Hospital, Rock. 
glen, Saskatchewan. 10-11 0-1 


CLiNtCAL tNSTRUCTORS: Regina General Hospital 
School of Nursing, has opportunities, available in 
a two-year program. Salary Range $S29 - $676 
with University Diploma. Apply to: Director of Nurs. 
ing Education, Regina General Hospital, Regina, 
Saskatchewan. 


SEPTEMBER 1967 



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UNIVERSITY 
OF ALBERTA 
HOSPITAL 


EDMONTON, ALBERTA, 
CANADA 


A 1,200 bed teaching hospital, with a School of Nursing of 450 students. A rapidly expanding Medical 
Center, situated on a growing University Campus. 


NURSING OFFERS 


* planned Orienfotion Progromme 
* In Service Education Programme 
* Organized programme ta provide op- 
portunities for Team leaders, leader. 
ship Responsibility 
* Opportunities for Professional develop. 
ment in O.R., Coronary Care, Cordioc 
Surgery, Renal Dialysis, Neurosurgery, 
and Rehabilitation 


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BENEFITS 


* Excellenf Patient Ca.e Facilities 


* Salary scaled to qualification and ex- 
perience 


* Liberal personnel policies 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 
WOODSTOCK 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO 


Will require 


TEACHERS - AUGUST, 1967 


For the approved two year cur- 
riculum with a third year of ex- 
perience in nursing service. (50 
students enrolled annually) 
Qualifications: University prepa- 
ration in Nursing Education or 
Public Health. 
Salary: Commensurate with ex- 
perience and education. 


Apply to: 


The Director,School of Nursing, 
WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Woodstock, Ontario. 


SEPTEMBER 1967 


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For more information write to: 
Director of Nursing 


UN IVERSITY 
OF ALBERTA 
HOSPITAL 


Edmonton. Alberta 
Canada 


THE DR. CHARLES A. JANEWAY 
CHILD 
HEALTH CENTRE 


St. John's, Newfoundland 
Invites applications Irom 
GRADUATE NURSES 


Interested in the nursing of sick 
children. Wouldn't you like to 
come to the Province of New- 
foundland to a new hospital 
providing varied paediatric ex- 
perience and a challenge to all 
nurses who are interesfed and 
enthusiastic? A salary increase 
has just been granted and an- 
other increase is to follow early 
next year. 
Further details can be obtained 
Irom: 
The Director of Nursing 
THE DR. CHARLES A. JANEWAY 
CHILD HEALTH CENTRE 
P. O. Box 5578 
ST. JOHN'S, NEWFOUNDLAND 


AJAX AND 
PICKERING 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


AJAX, ONTARIO 
127 Beds 


Nursing the patient as an indi- 
vidual. Vacancies, General Duty 
R.N.'s and Registered Nursing 
Assistants for all areas, Full time 
and part time. Salaries as in Me- 
tro Toronto. Consideration for ex- 
perience and educafion. Excellent 
fringe benefits. Residence accom- 
modation, single rooms, House- 
keeping privileges. 


Apply to: 


NURSING OFFICE PERSONNEL 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 63 



SASKATCHEWAN 


General Duty and Operating Room Nurses.. allo 
Certified Nursing Assistants for S60-bed University 
Hospital. Salary commensurate with experience and 
preparations. Excellent opportunities to engage in 
progressive nursing. Apply: Director of Personnel, 
University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. 


UNITED STATES 


REGISTERED NURSES - Southern California - Op- 
portunities available - 368-bed modern hospital in 
Medical-Surgical, labor and Delivery, Nursery, Ope r . 
ating Room and Intensive and Coronary Care Units. 
Good salary and Ioberal fringe benefits. Continuing 
inservice education program. Located 10 miles from 
Los Angeles neor skiing, swimming, cultural and edu- 
cational facilities. Temporary living accommodations. 
Apply: Director of Nursing Service, Saint Joseph 
Hospital, Burbank, California 91503. 15-5-63 
REGISTERED NURSES needed for rapidly expanding 
general hospital on the beautiful Peninsula near 
San Francisco. Outstanding policies and benefits 
including generous sick leave and vacation accrual, 
temporary accommodations at low cost, paid hos- 
pital and major medical insurance, fully refundable 
retirement plan, liberal shift differentials, no rot- 
ation, exceptional in-service and orientation pro- 
grams, sick leave conversion to vacation. paid life 
insurance. tuition reimbursement. Salary range $598- 
$727. Contact Personnel Administrator, Peninsula 
Hospital, 1783 EI Camino Real, Burlingame, Califor- 
nia 94010. 


Registered Nurses, Career satisfaction. interest and 
professional growth unlimited in modern, JCAH aC- 
credited 243-bed hospital. located in one of Califor- 
nia', finest arees, recreotional, educational and cul- 
tural advantages are yours as well as wonderful 
year-round cI imate. If this combination is what 
you're looking for, contact us nowlStaff nurse en- 
trance salary $575.$600 per month; increases to 
$700 per month; supervisory positions at highest 
rates. Special area and shift differentials to $454. per 
month. Excellent benefits include free health and 
life insurance, retirement, credit union and liberal 
personnel policies. Professional stoff appointments 
available in all clinical areas to those eligible for 
Cal ifornia I icensure. Write today: Director of Nursing, 
Eden Hospital. 20103 lake Chabot Road, Castro Val- 
ley, Cal ifornia. 15-5-12 


REGISTERED NURSES Opportunities available at 
415.bed hospital in Medical.Surgical, labor and 
Delivery, Intensive Care, Operating Room and Psy
 
chiotry. No rotation of shift, good salary, evening 
and night differentials, I iberal fringe benefits. 
Temporary living accommodations available. Apply: 
Miss Dolores Merrell, R.N., Personnel Director, Queen 
of Angels Hospital, 2301 Bellevue Avenue, los 
Angeles 26, California. 15.5-3G 


REGISTERED NURSES - SAN FRANCISCO Children's 
Hospital and Adult Medical Center hospital for men, 
women and children. California registration required. 
Opportunities in all clinical areas. Excellent salaries, 
differentials for evenings and nights. Holidays, vaca- 
tions, sick leave, life insurance, health insurance and 
employer-paid pension-plan. Applications and details 
furnished on request. Contact Personnel Director, Chil- 
dren's Hospital, 3700 California Street, San Francisco 
18, California. 15-5-4 


REGtSTERED NURSES: 250.bed General Hospital, ex. 
panding to 400, located in San Francisco, California. 
Positions on all shifts for nurses in Intensive Care 
Unit, Operating Room, and General Staff Duty. 
Salary range $600-$700. Health and life Insurance, 
Retirement Program - all hospital paid. Liberal 
holiday and vacation benefits. Accredited medical 
residencies in Medicine, General Surgery, Neuro 
Surgery, Orthopedics, and Plastic Surgery. For fur- 
ther information write to: Miss Lois John, Director 
of Nursing, Franklin Hospital, 14th and Noe Streets, 
San Francisco, California. 15-5.4A 


REGISTERED NURSES: Mount Zion Hospital and Me. 
dicol Center's increased salary scales now double our 
attraction for nurses who find they can afford to live 
by the Golden Gate. Expansion has created vacancies 
for staff and specialty assignments. Address enquiry 
to: Personnel Department, 1600 Divisadero Street, San 
Francisco, California 94115. An equal opportunity 
employer. 15-5-4C 
REGISTERED NURSES - General Duty for B4-bed 
JCAH hospital 1 1 /2 hours from San Francisco, 2 
hours from the lake Tahoe. Starting salary $6oo/m. 
with differentials. Apply: Director of Nurses, Mem. 
orial Hospital, Woodland, California. 15-5-498 


R.N. - NIGHT SUPERVISOR. Excellent Professional 
Opportunity in modern 354.bed extended Care fa. 
cility. Top Salary. Liberol Benefits. Contact Per- 
sonnel Director, ST. ANN'S Home, 1500 Portland 
Avenue, Rochester, New York. 


64 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


I I 


UNITED STATES 


AnENTION GENERAL DUTY NURSES. 297-bed fully 
accredited County Hospital located 2 hrs. drive from 
Son Francisco, ocean beaches, and mountain resorts 
in modern and progressive city of 40,000. 40 hr. 
5 day wk., pd. vacation, pd. holidays, pd. sick 
leave, retirement plan, social security and insur- 
ance plan. Meals at reasonable rates, uniforms 
laundered without charge. Start $530 to $556 mo. 
depending on experience plus shift and service 
differentials. Merit increases to $644 mo. Must 
be eligible for Calif. Registration. Write Director 
of Nursing, Stanislaus County Hospital, 830 Scenic 
Drive, Modesto, California 95350. 
Canadian 
chool Registered Nurse Graduates - 
Come to California: Join your friends at Sutter 
Hospitals in Sacramento. Excellent pay, working 
conditions and benefits. The good life in the best of 
California. Staff P.M. shift $640. Ngts. $630, P.M. 
Surgery $680. Write: Personnel Dept., 2820 - l St., 
Sacramento 958 J 6. 
Staff Duty positians (Nurses) in private 403-bed 
hospital. Liberal personnel policies and salary. Sub- 
stantial differential for evening and night duty. 
Write: Personnel Director. Hospital of The Good 
Samaritan, 1212 Sholto Street, los Angeles 17, 
California. 15-5-3b 


NURSES - All SHIFTS, All DEPTS. New Accredited 
99-bed Hospitol. Starting Salary $600 month, Plus 
Differential, Liberal Benefits - Contact Director 
of Nurses, Viewpark Community Hospital, 5035 
Coliseum St., los Angeles, California 90016 15-5-3M 
Nurses for new 75-bed General Hospital. Resort 
area. Ideal climate. On beautiful Pacific ocean. 
Apply to: Director of Nurses, Sauth Coast Com. 
munity Hospital, South laguna, California. 15-5-50 
Wanted - General Duty Nurses. Applications now 
being taken for nursing positions in a new addi
 
tion to the existing hospital including surgery, cen
 
tral sterile and supply, general duty. Salary $550 
per month plus fringe benefits. Contact: Director of 
Nurses, Alamosa Community Hospital Alamosa, 
Colorado. 15-6-1 
REGISTERED NURSES: for 75.bed air.conditioned 
hospital, growing community. Starting salary $330 
S365/m, fringe benefits, vacation, sick leave, holi- 
days, life insurance, hospitalization. 1 meal furnish
 
ed. Write: Administrator, Hendry General Hospital, 
Clewiston, Florida. 15-10-1 
R.N.'s Needed - New 50-bed hospital. Salary 
Range $500 to $530 plus shift differential, per 
month. Blue Cross Blue Shield insurance, paid 
vacation. On lake Okeechobee, 40 miles from 
West Palm Beach. Write or call collect, Mrs. Hilda 
Jensen, Director of Nurses, Everglades Memorial 
Hospital, P.O. 80x 659, Pahokee, Florida. Phone 
305 924-5201. 
GENERAL DUTY AND LICENSED PRACTICAL NURSES: 
115-bed JCAH hospital on shores of lake Okeecho. 
bee. Liberal personnel policies; starting salary for 
RN's. $525 (for lPN's $375) with 10% differential 
for each group evenings and nights. Free meals; 
nurses' residence available. Apply: Director of 
Nurses, Glades General Hospital, Belle Glade, Flo. 
rida 33430. 15.10-3A 


LADY MINTO HOSPITAL 


OFFERS 


1. Sfimuloting Environment 


2. Sound, liberal personnel policies. 


3. R.N. salary range $415 fo $495. 


4. Residence available. 


Registered Nurses invited to apply to: 


Director of Nursing 
LADY MINTO HOSPITAL 
Chapleau, Ontario 


LABORATORY TECHNICIAN 
FORT CHURCHILL 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Regisfered laboratory fechnician for 51- 
bed acfive treatment haspifal in Northern 
Manitoba, with medical staff of three 
docfors. Must be able to perform proce- 
dures in fields of hematology, bacterio- 
logy, grouping and cross.matching blood, 
biochemistry. Salary $490--$570 per 
monfh plus $20 minimum call back pay. 


Apply stating experience and 
references to: 


The Administrator 
FORT CHURCHILL 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Fort Churchill, Manitoba 


CITY OF HAMILTON 


requires 


PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES 


immediate employment 
Must be a Registered Nurse with a Pub- 
lic Health Certificate. 
5 day, 36 1 /4 hour week 
Salary Range $5,692. - $6,550 
Starting Salary commensurate with pre- 
vious experience. 
Top fringe benefits including pension, 
sick pay, group insurance, vacations, 
statutory holidays, hospitol and medical 
plan. 


Apply to: 
Director of Personnel 
CITY HALL 
Hamilton 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


AND 


DIETITIAN 


Applications are invited for the above 
posifions in a 65-bed hospital currenfly 
undergoing renovations and expanding 
to 95 beds by year end. 
Excellent personnel policies and salary 
commensurate wifh experience and quali- 
fications. Hospital located only 10 min- 
ufes from downtown Buffalo. 
Applications and enquiries should be 
directed to: 
W. F, Thompson, 
Superintendent 
DOUGLAS MEMORIAL 
HOSPITAL 
Fort Erie, Ontario 


SEPTEMBER 1967 



PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES 


Qualified Public Health Nurses required 
by the City of Regina, Health Deparf- 
ment, for general public health nursing 
service
 


Annual increments, vacafion, sick leave 
ond pension plans, also $25.00 per month 
car allowance. 


SALARY: $391.00 to $496.00 per month- 
(B. Sc. Degree sfarls at $429.00). 


Applications and enquiries should be di- 
reeted to : 
The Personnel and Industrial 
Relations Department 
CITY HALL 
P.O. Box 1790, Regina, Sask. 


MEDICINE HAT 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


MEDICINE HAT, ALBERTA 


STAFf NURSES 


Currenf Recommended 
Salary Scales 


Apply: 


Director of Nursing 
or any 
CANADA MANPOWER CENTRE 


REGISTERED NURSES 


For General Duty 


with opporfUnify for odvancement and 


REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSIST ANTS 


required for 115-bed chest hospital sifuaf. 
ed in Lourentiaa Mountains 55 miles north 
of Montreal. 


For further particulars and salary scales 
write: 


Director of Nursing, 
P. O. BOX 1000 
Ste. Agathe des Monts, P.Q. 


SEPTEMBER 1967 


I I 


UNITED STATES 


UNITED STATES 


REGISTERED NURSES: Excellent opportunity for ad- 
vancement in atmosphere of medical excellence. Pro- 
gressive patient care including Intensive Care and 
Cardiac Core Units. Finely equipped growing 2OQ-bed 
suburban community hospital an Chicago'.s beautiful 
North Shore. Modern, furnished apartments are 
available for single professional women. Other 
fringe benefits include paid vocation after six 
months, paid life insurance, 50% tuition refund and 
stoff development program. Salary range from $550- 
$660 per month plus shift differential. Contact: 
Donald l. Thompson. R.N., Director of Nursing, 
Highland Pork Hospital, Highland Pork, Illinois 
60035. 15-t4-3C 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES. Salary, days $500.$550; 
p.m. $525.$575; nights $520-$570 per month. In- 
creases January I, t967. Excellent benefits. 230.bed 
regional referral General Hospital with intensive 
care and coronary units. Postgraduate classes avail- 
able at two universities. Extensive infern and resi- 
dent teaching program Hospital located adjacent to 
Northwest's largest private clinic. Free housing first 
month. Canadian trained nunes with psychiatric 
affiliation please write: Personnel Director, Virginia 
Mason Hospitol, 1111 Terry Avenue, Seallle, Wash- 
ington 98101. 15-48.2B 


STAFF NURSES: University of Washington. 32O-bed 
modern, expanding Teaching and Research Hospital 
located on campul offers you an opportunity to 
join the staff in one of the following specialties: 
Clinical Research, Premarure Center, Open Heart 
Surgery, Physicol Medicine, Orthopedia, Neurosur- 
gery. Adult and Child Psychiatry in addition to 
the General Services. Salary: $501 to $576. Unique 
benefit program includes free University courses after 
six months. For information on opportunities, write 
to: Mrs. Ruth Fine. Director of Nur.s;ng Services, 
University Hospital. t959 N.E. Pacific Avenue, 
Sea"le, Washington 98105. 15-48-2D 


Register.d Nursel and Certified Nurling Assistants. 
Opening in several areas, all shifts. Every other weelc- 
end off, in small community hospital 2 miles from 
Boston. Rooms available. Hospital paid life insurance 
and other liberal fringe benefits. RN salary $100 per 
week, plus differential of $20 for 3-11 p.m. and 
11-7 a.m. shifts. C.N. Ass'ts. $80 weekly plus $10 fOr 
3-11 p.m. and 11.7 a.m. shifts. Must 'ead, write, 
and speak English. Write: Miss Byrne, Director of 
Nurses, Chelsea Memo,ial Hospital. Chelsea, Mas- 
sachusetts 02150. 15-22-1 C 


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NIGHT NURSE 


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University Hospital is pleased to announce that starting pay for night 
nurses now ranges from $31.00 to $34.00 per shift ($8,056 to $8,839 
for an annual starting salary)-depending on education and experience. 
After 4 years service, night nurse salaries range up to $9,622 
per year. The base pay for permanent evening and rotating tours 
has also been increased plus excellent University Staff benefits are 
offered to all nurses. 
University Hospital has a Service Department which assigns trained 
personnel to handle paperwork and other non-nursing chores, 
relieving our nurses for patient care exclusively. 
Ann Arbor is nationally known as a Center of Culture with emphasis 
on art, music and drama-and recognized as an exciting and desirable 
community in which to live. 
Write to Mr. Joseph Augustine, Personnel AdmInistrator, Box B, 
A600l, University Hospital, University of Michigan for 
more information or phone collect (313) 764-2182. 
We are an Equal Opportunity Employer 
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 
MEDICAL CENTER, ANN ARBOR 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 65 



OSHA W A 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES FOR 
ALL DEPARTMENTS 


Starfing salary far Ontario Regis- 
tered nurses $400 with 5 annual 
increments to $480 per month. 
Credit for acceptable previous 
service - one increase for two 
years, two increases for four or 
more years. 
Non-registered - $360.00 
Rotating periods of duty - 3 
weeks vacation - 8 statutory 
holidays. 
One day's sick credit per month 
beginning in the 7fh month of 
service cumulative to 45 days. 
Pension Plan and Group Life 
Insurance - Hospital pays 50% 
of Medical, Blue Cross and Hos- 
pital Insurance premiums. 
Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
OSHA W A GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Oshawa, Ontario 


POSITIONS ARE AVAILABLE 


for 


REGISTERED NURSES 


with special interest in medical 
nursing and rehabilitation of 
long term patients. 
Salaries recommended by the 
Registered Nurses' 
Association of Ontario 


Inservice educational program- 
me developed and 
expanding 
Residence accommodation avail- 
able at a very mod- 
erate rate 


Transportation advanced, if re- 
quested 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
THE QUEEN ELIZABETH HOSPITAL 
130 Dunn Avenue 
Toronto 3, Onto 


66 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
Of NURSING 


Applications are invited for the 
above position in a fully ac- 
credited 163-bed General Hos- 
pital in beautiful Northern On- 
tario. 


Desirable qualifications should 
include B.S.N. Degree with ex- 
perience in supervision. 


For further information, 
Write to: 


Director of Nursing 


KIRKLAND and DISTRICT HOSPITAL 


Kirkland Lake, Ontario. 


NURSING RESEARCH 
DIRECTOR 
UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL 
SASKATOON, SASK. 


A Nursing Research Direcfor is required 
to direct a two year research program in 
nursing to establish criteria for the 
quality of nursing care and to derive 
staffing patterns to meet quality obiect- 
ives. Responsibilities will include laying 
out the study methodology, hiring as. 
sistants, and co-ordinating the program. 
A close relafionship will be maintained 
with the Operations Research Work Anal- 
ysis, Electronic Data Processing Special- 
ists within the Hospital Systems Study 
Group, and the Nursing Administrafor. 


Qualifications should include 0 Master's 
Degree in Nursing plus several years 
practical nursing experience. 


Salary will be dependent upon qualific- 
afions and experience. 


Apply to: 
Personnel Director 


UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL 


Saskatoon, Saskatchewan 


IN-SERVICE 
EDUCATION 
COORDINATOR 


The ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL seeks an 
In-5ervice Education Coordinator, respon- 
sible to the Administrafor, who will plan, 
organize and direcf an existing education 
programme. 
We seek a person who has demonsfrafed 
teaching abilities, initiafive, fact, sound 
judgmenf and imagination. Preference 
may be given to a person with a Un i- 
versify Degree and to one who is fam- 
iliar with the hospifol milieu. 
The incumbent will: 
I) need to work closely wifh members 
of the Medical Staff and with all 
Deparfment Heads. 
2) be given considerable freedom and 
responsibility for developing further 
fhe existing programme. 
Generous fringe benefits are applicable 
to this position and a starting salary will 
be negotiafed commensurate with the 
successful applicant's educafion and ex- 
perience. 


Applications should be made 
in writing to: 
Personnel Officer 
ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL 
Kamloops, B.C. 


DIRECTOR 
REGIONAL SCHOOL 
Of NURSING 


Applications are invited for the 
position of Director of the Edith 
Cavell Regional School of Nurs- 
ing. 


Plans are being developed to 
provide classroom facilities for 
210 students. Residence accom- 
modation will be constructed on 
the school premises. Clinical in- 
struction will be provided in hos- 
pitals located at Trenton, Picton, 
Campbellford and Belleville. 


Applications and enquiries should 
be addressed to: 


Philip Rickard, Administrator 


THE BELLEVILLE 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Belleville, Ontario 


SEPTEMBER 1967 



ST. JOSEPH IS GENERAL HOSPITAL 


PORT ARTHUR, ONTARIO 


In June 1967 the opening of the new addition to the 1960 wing completed 
our 250-bed modern hospital. Applications are invited for the following Services: I 
Surgical, Medical, Pediatrics, Rehabilitation, and Intensive Care. 


HEAD NURSES for 
3 NURSING UNITS 


, 


REGISTERED NURSES 


HEAD NURSE for O. R. 


REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSIST ANTS 


B.Sc.N. with experience 
preferred 


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ORDERLIES 


Salary Commensurate with 
qualifications and 
experience 


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Planned Orientation 
Continuing Inservice 
Education 


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JI 


Excellent Personnel Policies 


Opportunity to continue education at lakehead University 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing Service 
ST. JOSEPH'S GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Port Arthur, Ontario, Canada. 


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UNIVERSITY Of WINDSOR 
SCHOOL Of NURSING 



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FACULTY APPOINTMENTS 


THE SCARBOROUGH 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Due to changes in the program offerings in this 
School, new faculty positions are being created. A 
planned reorganization of all curricula will be imple- 
mented, and applications are invited from qualified 
faculty who are interested in assisting in the reor- 
ganization of the program. 
Applicants should have a Master's degree and be 
prepared to teach nursing at the university level. A 
doctorate is preferred. 
Academic rank will be in accordance with academic 
qualifications and professional experience. 
Salaries in this School of Nursing are in accordance 
with the university scale. Date of appointment will 
be during the summer 1967. 



 


Invites applicofions from General DUfy Nurses. Excellent personnel 
policies. An acfive and stimulafing In-Service Education and 
Orientation Programme. A modern Management Training Pro. 
gramme to assisf the career-minded nurse to assume managerial 
positions. Salary is commensurate with experience and abilify. We 
encourage you to toke advantage of the opportunifies offered in 
this new and expanding teaching hospital with its extended ser- 
vices in Paediatrics, Orthopaedics, Psychiatry, Cardiology, Plasfic 
Surgery, Operafing Room, Emergency, and Intravenous Therapy. 


For further information write to: 
Director of Nursing 
Scarborough Ceneral Hospital 
Scarborough 
Metropolitan Toronto, Ontario 


Please write to: 
Miss F. M. Roach, Director, 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
University of Windsor, 
Ontario 


SEPTEMBER 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 67 


--- 



THREE REGISTERED NURSES 


Required for general duty at Company Hospital in 
Temiscaming, Quebec. 


Salary Range $390 to $442 gross per month, peri- 
odic salary increases based on merit and service, 
single room accommodation available in nurses' 
residence, plus meals at total cost of $30 per month. 
Four weeks annual paid vacation, 5 day, 40 hour 
week. Attractive tourist area. Variety of summer and 
winter recreation activities: golf, tennis, swimming, 
curling, and skiing. Bus and rail transportation to all 
major points. 


Apply in writing to: 


Mrs. C. Alp, Matron, 


TEMISCAMING HOSPITAL 


Temiscaming, Que. 



 


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Applications are invited from 
REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


For full time, 40 hour week, Rotation Duty. 
One Weekend off Duty every three weeks. 
Vacancies in Medical, Surgical, Obstetric, 
Paediatric, Operating Room, Intensive Care 
and Emergency Unit. Active Inservice and 
Orientation programs as well as excellent 
personnel policies and fringe benefits. 


Director of Nursing 


TORONTO EAST GENERAL 
AND ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL 


Toronto 6, Ontario 


68 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


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4 


GENERAL STAFF NURSES 


required for 


REGINA GENERAL HOSPITAL 


openings in all departments 
including new Intensive Care Unit 


STARTING SALARY $401 
Recognition Given For Experience 
Progressive Personnel Policies 


Apply: 


Personnel Department 
REGINA GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Regina, Saskatchewan 


VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPITAL 


HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA 


Requires the services of Registered Nurses for all 
services including operating room, recovery room, 
intensive care and emergency in the newly expand- 
ed eight hundred and fifty bed facilities of the lar- 
gest general and referral hospital in the Atlantic 
Provinces. 


Salary range for General Staff positions $360.00 - 
$420.00 per month and full Civil Service benefits. 


Direct inquiries to: 


Director of Nvrses 


VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Halifax, Nova Scotia 


A-5800 


SEPTEMBER 1967 



EL CAMINO 


HOSPITAL 


LOCATED IN BEAUTIFUL SANTA CLARA VALLEY 
YEAR 'ROUND SMOG-FREE TEMPERATE CLIMATE 


Registered Nur.es - 
All Service. 
Starting salary for 
Experienced 
Registered Nurses 
$550 per month 
448-bed fully-accred- 
ifed general hospi- 
tal located 40 min- 
utes saufh of 
downtown San 
Francisco 
Ample apportunify 
for professional 
development as 
fhere are two col- 
leges and two uni- 
versities in the 
immediate vicinity 
Excellent recreafional 
facilities in close 
proximity ta the 
hospital 


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Benefits Include: 


planned orientation 
program 
Continuing in-service 
education 
Two to four weeks 
vacation 


Eight paid holidays 
Accumulative sick 
leave 
Free group life 
insurance 


':. 


Fully paid health in- 
surance including 
family coverage 
Fully paid retirement 
program 
Liberal shift 
differential 
40-hour week 


.... 


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... 
. 


Apply to: 
PERSONNEL DIRECTOR 
EI Camino Hospital 
2500 Grant Road 
Mountain View, California 94040 


ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 


TORONTO, ONTARIO 
REGISTERED NURSES 
and 
REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 


JOo-bed fully accredited haspital provides 
experience in Operating Room, Recovery 
Room, Intensive Care Uni1, Pediatrics 
Orfhopedics, Psychiatry, General Surgery 
and Medicine. 
Orienfafion and Acfive (nservice program 
for all sfaff. 
Salary is commensurate wifh p,eparafion 
and experience. 
Benefifs include Canada Pensian Plan, 
Hospifal Pension Plan, Group Life Insu- 
rance. Affer 3 months, cumulafive sick 
leave - Ontario Hospital Insurance - 
50% payment by hospital. 
Rofafing Periods af dufy - 40 haur week, 
8 statutory holidays - annual vacation 
3 weeks after one year. 


Apply: 


Assistant Di,ector of 
Nursing Service 


ST. JOSEPHrS HOSPITAL 


30 The Queensway 
Toronto 3, Ontario 


SEPTEMBER 1967 


CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR 


Challenging position in a School 
Hospital environment of Phys- 
ically Handicapped and Emo- 
tionally Disturbed children. Per- 
manent position with opportuni- 
ty for advancement. 
Duties: To participate in inser- 
vice training and education of 
nursing staff. 
Qualifications: Bachelor of Sci- 
ence in Nursing or Diploma in 
Nursing education plus Paedia- 
tric and/or Psychiatric training 
and experience. 


Salary: Commensurate with qua- 
lifications and experience. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
GLENROSE PROVINCIAL 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
10230 - 111 Avenue 
Edmonton, Alberta 


REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 


for 


GENERAL DUTY 


In modern fully accredited 300- 
bed hospital located in a thriv- 
ing industrial city. Excellent 
working conditions, 9 statutory 
holidays, 3 weeks annual vaca- 
tion, 40 hour week. 


Apply giving full particulars fo: 
Personnel Director 


GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Sault Ste. Marie 
Ontario 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 69 



WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Requires 


GENERAL STAFF NURSES 


ALL DEPARTMENTS 


and 


O.R. TECHNICIANS 


Apply: 
Director of Nursing 
WOODSTOCK 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Woodstock, Ontario 


McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL 


requires 


Regisfered Nurses for General Sfaff. The 
haspifal is friendly and progressive. 
It is now in the beginning sfages of a 
$3,500,000 program of expansion and 
renovation. 


- Openings in all services. 
- Proximify to lakehead 
ensures opportunity for 
education. 


University 
furfhering 


For full particulars ",rite to: 
Director 
of Nursing Service 
McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL, 
Fort William, Ontario. 


ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
Hamilton, Ontario 


requires 


CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS in all Nursing 
areas. Well-equipped, modern School of 
Nursing. Student enrolment over 300. 
Modern, progressive, BOO-bed Hospital. 
Salary commensurate with preparation 
and experience. 


For further details, apply: 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


70 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


PORT COLBORNE 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


PORT COLBORNE, ONTARtO 


STAFF NURSES 


required 


For 166-bed haspifal wifhin easy driving 
distance of American and Canadian me- 
tropolifan cenfres. Considerafion given for 
previous experience obloined in Canoda. 
Completely furnished apartment-style resi- 
dence, including balcony and swimming 
pool facing lake, adjacent to hospital. 


Apply: 
Di.ector of Nu.sing 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Port Colborne,Ontario 


REGISTERED NURSES 


For new 100-bed General Hospifal in the 
beginning sloges of on expansion pro- 
gram, located on the beautiful lake of the 
Woods. Three hours' travel time from 
Winnipeg wifh good transpartafion avail- 
able. Wide variety of summer and win- 
ter sports - swimming, booting, fishing, 
golfing, skating, curling, tobogganing, 
skiing. 
Salary; $415 wifh allowance for experi- 
ence. Residence available. Good per- 
sonnel policies. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
KENORA GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Kenora, Ontario 


A REGISTERED NURSE 
BILINGUAL 


Required for a Supervisory Position in a 
modern aD-bed hospital expanding fo 
150 beds. Located in the Easfern T own- 
ships, on allracfive, dynamic communify 
50 miles south of Montreal. Postgraduate 
training in Supervision on assef. Salary 
in accordance wifh Quebec Hospifal In- 
surance Service. 


Write to: 


Director of Nursing 
BROME-MISSISQUOI-PERKINS 
HOSPITAL 
Cowansville, Quebec 


ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 


LONDON, ONTARIO 


Teaching Hospital, 600 beds, new facilities 


requires : 


REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


for further information apply: 


The Director of Nursing Service 
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 
London, Ontario 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
EDUCATION 


Masfer's degree preferred; to conduct 
basic nursing program and affiliate pro- 
gram. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, 
CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL 
OF WINNIPEG, 
Winnipeg, Manitoba. 


MEDICINE HAT 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 
MEDICtNE HAT, ALBERTA 


INSTRUCTORS 
POSITIONS 


ONE MEDICAL NURSING TEACHER 
ONE SURGICAL NURSING TEACHER 
ONE SCIENCE NURSING INSTRUCTOR 


Closs 25-30 Studenfs 
Current Recommended 
Salary Scoles 


Apply: 
Director of Nursing Education 
or any 
CANADA MANPOWER CENTRE 


SEPTEMBER 1967 


-.-- 



THE AGA KHAN 
JUBILEE HOSPITAL, NAIROBI, 
TELEPHONE 55301 NAIROBI, KENYA 


H H. 


PLA TINUM 
KENY A 
P.O. BOX 30270 


HOSPITAL MATRON 


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Applications are invited for the post of 
Hospital Matron which falls vacant in 
November. 1967. 
Candidates should be S.R.N., S.C.M, 
(Or equivalent) and p'ossesslOn of Nursing 
Administrative CertIficate would be of 
advantage. 
The appointment \0; for a period of 
twenty-four/thirty months and is renew- 
able. The salary is at the rate of iE2.000 
per annum plus gratuity and fringe 
benefits which mclude free passages. 
generous leave and subsidiSed accom- 
moda tion. 
The hospital is located m the garden 
suburbs of Nairobi, the highlands capital 
city of Kenya with a pleasant sunny 
climate and a cost of livmg that is low 
and stable. 
The successful candidate must like and 
be 
ccustomed to working with people 
of dIfferent races and nationalities - but 
there is no language problem If vou spea
 
English. 
The Hospital Matron WIll be the advise) 
to the Board of Governors on nursing 
polley and be head of the Student Nurse 
Training Schoof. 
FUrther details of the hospital and the 
post can b
 obtained from: 
THE ADMINISTRATOR 
P.O. Box 30270 Nairobi, Kenya 


. Are you dissotisfied wifh your position? 


. Would you like 0 chonge? 


. Would you like to meet new people? 


THIS 


. Would you like to increose your nurs- 
ing skills? 


1S-SECOND TEST 


. Would you like to work where 
there is an acfive reseorch pro- 
grom? 


COULD 


. Are you odapfable? 


. Do you enjoy winter ond summer 
sports? 


CHANGE 


. Do you crove more culturol odvon- 
foges? 


YOUR 


. Is your life 0 little boring righ1 now? 


. Do you sense excitement in 0 chonge? 


fUTURE 


If your onswer is YES you will like work- 
ing ot this 1087 bed teoching hospifOI. 
Apply in wrifing to: 


Miss B. Jean Milligan, Reg. N., M.A., 
Assistant Director, 
Ottawa Civic Hospital, 
1053 Carling Ave., Ottawa 3, Onto 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES 


and 


REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


required for 438-bed, fully accredited hospital. Ad- 
ditional 295-bed expansion program now in pro- 
gress. Positions available in all departments. 


Salary range for Registered Nurses: $400 to $475 
per month. Starting rate will be commensurate with 
experience. 


Salary range for Registered Nursing Assistants: $270 
to $300 per month. 


Excellent fringe benefit program and personnel 
policies. 


Apply to: 
The Director of Nursing 
KITCHENER.WATERLOO HOSPITAL 
Kitchener r Ontario 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 71 


SEPTEMBER 1967 



OPERA liNG ROOM 
SUPERVISOR 


Postgraduate trained. 


For 61-bed well-equipped 
hospital. 


Apply: 


Administrator 


WILLETT HOSPITAL 


Paris, Ontario 


GRADUATE NURSES 


required 


For 1his modern 259-bed hospital in 
the beautiful Niagara Peninsula. Excel- 
lent personnel policies and working con- 
ditions. Salary range $400 to $480 per 
month when registered in Ontario. Sfart- 
ing salary will depend an experience. 
Private rooms available in residence $20. 
per manth. 


Please apply to: 


Miss L. M. R. Lambe 
Director of Nursing 
WELLAND COUNTY 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Weiland, Ontario 


DIRECTOR 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 


Applicatipns are invited for the abave 
position in an ultra-modern School of 
Nursing locafed in Soufh Western On- 
taria. 


Annual enrollment af 50 students. 


Two-Plus-One program commencing Sep- 
tember, 1968. 


Minimum requiremenf B.Sc.N wifh 
several years experience. 


Apply: 
Chairman 
Board of Nursing Education 
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
St. Thomas, Ontario 


72 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


SOUTH PEEL HOSPI1 AL 
COOKSVILLE, ONTARIO 


REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 


For all Departments and a new Psychi- 
atric wing. 


Subsidized employee benefits and gaad 
persannel policies in effect. 
Modern, furnished apartments available. 


For information and apptication, 
please write to: 
Director of Nursing 
SOUTH PER HOSPITAL 
Cooksville, Ontario 


REGISTERED NURSES 


required 


For modern lOOO-bed accredited hospital. 
Excellent advancemenf opporfunifies. 
Wide range of services provided in 
Surgery, Medicine, Emergency, Infensive 
Care, Chronic, Maternify, Psychiatric, Or- 
thopaedic, etc. Excellent wages and be- 
nefits program including 10 statutary 
halidays. 


Please apply to: 
Personnel Department 
HENDERSON GENERAL 
HOSPIT AL 
Hamilton, Ontario 


POSITIONS OPEN 


Directar of Nursing Educofion. Preferable 
halding a Masters Degree. Also Insfruc- 
tors with Bachelars Degree in Nursing or 
Post-Groduafe training. 


270-bed accredited hasp ita I. 


ABERDEEN HOSPLTAL 


New Glasgow 
Nova Scotia 


WILSON MEMORIAL 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


requires 


REGISTERED NURSES FOR 
GENERAL DUTY 
REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 


20-bed hospital. Situated in a thriving 
Norfhwestern Ontario community. 
Room and baord provided. 


For full particulars, 
Write to: 
Director of Nuning 
Marathon, Ontario 


REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 


required for 


BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Construction of a new hospitol scheduled 
for completion November 1967 will In- 
crease the bed capocity to 450. Included 
in the new hospital will be the Frier.en 
concept of equipment and material sup- 
ply. Salary commensurate with prepara- 
tion and experience. Benefits include Ca. 
noda Pension Plan, Hospitol Pension Plan, 
Group Life Insurance. Accumulative lick 
leave. Ontario Hospital Insurance and 
P.S.I. - 50% payment by hospital. 


Apply: 
Personnel Director 
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Belleville, Ontario 


OPERATING ROOM NURSES 


and 


GENERAL DUTY REGISTERED 
NURSES 


required immediately 


for fully accredited general hospital of 
200 beds expanding to 400. Excellent 
personnel policies and fringe benefits. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
THE I.O.D.E HOSPITALS 
Windsor, Ontario 


SEPTEMBER 1967 



What does 
Methodist Hospital 
have to offer me? 


At the Methodist Hospital, where research is a part 
of progress, a nursing career takes on new horizons - 
rich in meaning and professional satisfaction. 
If you're looking for the chance to be the nurse 
you've always dreamed of - coming to the world 
famous Methodist Hospital can be an adventure - 
almost like stepping into the future - splendid 
facilities, :;0 much advance equipment and 
everywhere the newest medical and patient care 
techniques are in use. 
Some of the best aspects of nursing at METHODIST 
are as old as medicine itself - there is a spirit of 
kindness and consideration, and emphasis on patient 
care, that make this a hospital where nursing is 
satisfying and rewarding, day by day. 
Methodist Hospital is right in the center of the world's 
great Medical, Research and Educational complexes. 
HOUSTON is an exciting city - rodeo and opera, 
pro-football and the famous Alley Theatre, water sports 
and beaches an hour or less away, the Houston 
Symphony and the Astrodome! 


A Few Quick Facts: We're affiliated with Baylor 
University College of Medicine and associated with 
Texas Woman's University College of Nursing. 
New $9>7 million Cardiovascular and Orthopedic 
Research Center will open soon. Our Inservice 
Education Department gives you thorough 
orientation, and continued instruction in new 
concepts and techniques. You'll find every 
encouragement to broaden your skillS, 
including tuition assistance in obtaining 
further education in nursing. 


Send for Your Colorful tnformative Illustrated 
Brochure. . . to learn about Methodist Hospital, 
Houston, positions available, salary and employment 
benefits, tuition allowance, complimentary room 
accommodation and our Nurse Specialist Programs 
Write, call or send coupon, Director of Personnel, 
The Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, 
Houston, Texas 77025 


r-------------------------------------ì 
I Director of Personnel, THE METHODIST HOSPITAL, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77025 I 
I Please send me your brochure about nursing opportunities at THE METHODIST HOSPITAL-Texas Medical Center I 
I I 
I Name , 
I Address I 
I I 
I City State Zip Code I 
L_____________________________________ 


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MAIMONIDES HOSPITAL 
AND HOME FOR THE AGED 


AN OPPORTUNITy.... 
A CHALLENGE.... 
A NEW EXPERIENCE.... 


HOSPITAL: 
A newly exponded 257 bed hospitol with such progressive 
care concepts os 0 12-bed LC.U., 22-bed psychiotric ond 
24-bed self care unit. 
IDEAL LOCATION: 
45 minufes from downfown Toronto, 15-30 minutes from ex- 
cellent summer and winter resort areas. 
SALARIES: 
Registered Nurses: $400.00 - $480.00 per monfh. 
Regisfered Nursing Assistonts: $295.00 - $331.00 per month. 
FURNISHED APARTMENTS: 
Swimming pool, tennis courts, etc. (see above) 
OTHER BENEFITS: 
Medical and hospital insurance, group life insurance, pension 
plan, 40 hour week. 


Please address all enquiries to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL 


596 Davis Drive 
Newmarket, Ontario 


SUPERVISORS, STAFF NURSES, NURSING 
ASSISTANTS, INSTRUCTORS, PSYCHIATRIC 
NURSE: 


We invite you to join the nursing staH of New Mai. 
monides. 


LIBERAL VACATION 
PENSION PLANS . 
MENSURA TE WITH 


Apply to: 


. . HEALTH AND 
. SALARIES COM- 
RECOGNIZED SCALES 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


5795 Caldwell Avenue 
Montreal 29, Quebec 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 73 


SEPTEMBER 1967 



REGISTERED NURSES 


required for 


82-bed hospifol. Sifuated in the Niagara 
Peninsula. Transportation assistance. 


For salary rates and persannel palicies. 


apply to: 
Director of Nursing 


HALDIMAND WAR MEMORIAL 
HOSPIT AL 


Dunnville, Ontario 


222 BED GENERAl HOSPITAL 


requires 


STAff NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


Carnwall is noted for ifs summer and 
winter sport areas, and is an hour and a 
half from both Monfreal and Ollawa. 
Progressive personnel policies include 4 
weeks vacation. Experience and past-basic 
cerfificafes are recognized. 


Apply to: 
Ass't. Director of Nursing 
(Service) 
CORNWALL GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Cornwall, Ontario 


ASS1STANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING SERVICE 


Applications are invifed for the posifion 
of Assistant Director of Nursing Service 
far a 291-bed fully accredited General 
Haspital. 
Preference will be given ta applicants 
with preparatian and experience in nurs. 
ing service administration. 


Apply to: 


Director of Nursing Service 
THE GENERAL HOSPITAL 
OF PORT ARTHUR 
Port Arthur, Ontario 


74 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


REGISTERED NURSES 


For 61-bed General Hospital 


Apply: 


Administrator 


WILLETT HOSPITAL 


Paris, Ontario 


REGISTERED NURSES 


AND 


REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


For 300 bed Accredited General Hospifal 
sifuated in fhe picturesque Grand River 
Valley. 60 miles from Toronfa. 
Modern well-equipped hospifal praviding 
quality nursing care. 
Excellent personnel policies. 


For further information write: 


Director of Nursing Service 
SOUTH WATERLOO MEMORIAL 
HOSPITAL, 
Galt, Ontario 


PETERBOROUGH CIVIC HOSPITAL 


Schaal of Nursing requires 


INSTRUCTRESS (Nursing Arts) 
INSTRUCTRESS (Medical.Surgical Area) 
New self-contoined educafion building far 
school of nursing now open. 
Trent University is sifuafed in Peterborough 


For further information write to: 


Director of Nursing 
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC 
HOSPITAL 
Peterborough, Ontario 


VISITING NURSING 



 


opportunifies 
acrOSS 
Canada 


for employment or bursaries write: 
Director in Chief 
VICTORIAN ORDER OF NURSES 
FOR CANADA 
5 Blackburn Avenue, 
Ottawa 2, Ontario. 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES 
and 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 


Wanfed for active General Hospital (125 
beds) situated in St. Anthony, Newfound- 
land, a fown of 2,400 and headquarters 
of the Internafional Grenfell Associafion 
which provides medical care for northern 
Newfoundland and the coosf of Labrador. 
Salaries in accordance wifh ARNN. 


For further informotion 
please write: 


Miss Dorothy A. Plant 
INTERNATIONAL GRENFELL ASSOCIATION 
Room 701A, 88 Metcalfe Street, 
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO 


CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS 


required 


with preparation and experience. Eligible 
for B. C. Regisfration. Medical, Surgical 
and Paediafric areas. 


Sfuclent enrollment - 200 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
Victoria, B. C. 


SEPTEMBER 1967 




 

 


make 
the 
most 
of 


. 


A nurse's time is as valuable as gold. Every hospital is aware of this. 
Beth Israel does something about it. At B.I., the Unit Management 
Program frees a nurse to nurse. She is encouraged to further her edu- 
cation through tuition reimbursement. And as a member of the Harvard 
Medical Complex, a B.l. nurse comes in contact with many of the most 
respected people in medicine. In addition, she uses the most modem 
equipment available, much of which was developed by the Beth Israel 
Hospital itself. 


.
 


Obviously, a B.1. nurse's work is anything BUT routine. She's 
not a routine type of person or she wouldn't be a nurse. 


" 
your , 
MINUTES 


" 


Boston, home of B.I., isn't routine, either. 
Boston is sailing, shopping, Harvard Square, 
the Boston Pops, famous colleges and univer- 
sities, the brand new 52-story Prudential sky- 
scraper, and a whole chapter in history. And 
Boston is only minutes from Cape Cod, the 
Green Mountains and Maine lobster. 
Take a few minutes to consider a position at 
B.I. and write for more information to: Miss 
Susan Vinnicombe, Supervisor of Nursing Place- 
ment, Dept. 9. 


II BETH ISRAEL HOSPIT AL 
!!:ii! 330 Brookline Avenue 
I t Boston, Massachusetts 02215 
I. An '.,,1 0,...""", 'mp
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THE UNIVERSITY Of 
ALBERTA HOSPITAL 


is accepting applications from 
Registered Nurse Candidates for 
a 6 month course in Operating 
Room Technique and Manage- 
ment. 
The class will commence March 
4, 1968. 


For further information apply to: 
The Director of Nursing 


THE UNIVERSITY OF 
ALBERTA HOSPITAL 


Edmonton, Alberta. 


SEPTEMBER 1967 


DIRECTOR 
REGIONAL SCHOOL 


WINCHESTER DISTRICT 
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 


Winchester, Ontario 


OF 


Fully accredited 86-bed General 
Hospital, presently expanding to 
130 beds, urgently requires the 
following personnel: 


Of NURSING 


"KIRKLAND LAKE" 


Applications are invited for the 
position of Director of a new 
Regional School of Nursing to be 
established in Kirkland lake with 
an annual enrollment of 30 
students encompassing five area 
hospitals. An excellent opportu- 
nity to develop a program from 
the erection of the building to 
operating the school. 


NURSING SUPERVISOR 
for affernoon shift 
HEAD NURSE FOR SURGICAL 
FLOOR 


Accommodation available in mo- 
dern residence. 


Please direct enquiries to: 
The Secretary of the Steering 
CommiHee: 
R. J. Cameron, Administrator, 


For further information, salary 
and personnel policies, 
please apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
WINCHESTER DISTRICT 
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 
Winchester, Ontario 


KIRKLAND AND DISTRICT 
HOSPITAL 


Kirkland Lake, Ontario. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 75 



THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL 
QUEEN SQUARE, LONDON 
W.e.I., ENGLAND 
(NEUROLOGY and 
NEUROSURGERY) 
POST-GRADUATE 
NURSING EDUCATION 


One year courses are open to 
graduates of accredited Schools 
of Nursing with good education- 
al background. 
Three months academic teaching 
in the School of Nursing under 
guidance of Sister Tutor assisted 
by teaching Staff of Senior Neu- 
rologists and Neurosurgeons. 
Eight months Clinical experience. 
Five weeks vacation. 
Certificate and badge of the Hos- 
pital awarded to successful Stu- 
dents. 
Full graduate salary paid 
throughout the year. 
This work has a special appeal 
to nurses interested in research 
and the humanitarian aspect of 
Nursing. 
FOR PROSPECTUS APPLY TO THE 
MATRON 


THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL 
QUEEN SQUARE, W.C.1, and 
MAIDA VALE HOSPITAL, 
W. 9. 


LONDON 
(POST-GRADUATE TEACHING 
HOSPIT ALS) 
NEUROLOGY AND 
NEUROSURGERY 
These unique hospifals of internafional 
repute offer to Regisfered Nurses:- 
1) One year course - badge and cerfi- 
ficate awarded. 
2) Operating Theafre experience. Mini- 
mum period of appoinfmenf, four 
months. 
3) General duties on medicol ond sur- 
gical wards, occosional voconcy ot 
Convalescent Hospitol (near Hamp. 
stead Heath), minimum periods of ap- 
pointmenf two months. 
Consideration given to Nurses wishing fo 
take exfended holidays. 
This branch of nursong has a special ap. 
peal to fhose inferesfed in research and 
fhe humanifarian aspect of nursing. 
Further particulars may be 
obtained from: 
Matron 
THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL 
Queen Square, london, W.C.I 
England 


76 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


CLINICAL COURSE IN 
PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 


Offered by 


The Department of Veterans Affairs, West- 
minster Hospital, LONDON, Onfaria. Open 
to all Registered Nurses. Enrollmenf lim- 
ited. Four months durafion - commencing 
15 January 1968. Room and meals of 
nominal rates. 


For further informotion 
please write: 


Director of Nursing 
WESTMINSTER HOSPITAL 
london, Ontario 


OCTOBER 16 - 27, 1967 


Two week course for 


PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE 


and 


REGISTERED NURSES 


To prepare them to care for the mental 
retardafe and his family. 


For further details write to the: 


Extension Department 
CHILDREN'S PSYCHIATRIC 
RESEARCH INSTITUTE 
University of Western Ontario 
London, Ontario 


REHABILITATION INSTITUTE 
OF MONTREAL 


offers a 
4 week Post.Graduate Course in 


REHABILITATION NURSING 


to 
EXPERIENCED REGISTERED NURSES 


with a special interesf in the care of 
handicapped and long ferm patienfs. 
November 6th 1hraugh December 1 st, 
1967. 


For informotion ond detoils 01 the 
Course, Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
REHABILITATION INSTITUTE 
OF MONTREAL 
6300 Darlington Avenue 
Montreal, P.Q. 


RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL 
OF OTTAWA 


A new, air-conditioned 340-bed hospital. 
Applications are called for Nurses for the 
posifions of: 


ASSISTANT HEAD NURSES, 
GENERAL STAFF NURSES 


ond 


REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSIST ANTS 


Address oil enquiries to: 
Director of Nursing 
RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL 
OF OTTAWA 
1967 Riverside Drive, 
Ottawa, Ontario 


REGISTERED NURSES 


Qualified or Interested in Qualifying for 
Employment in Intensive Cardiac Care Unit 


GENERAL STAFF NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSIST ANTS 


Modern 395-bed, fully occredifed Generol 
Hospifal with School of Nursing. 
Excellent personnel policies, O.H.A. pen- 
sion pion. 
Pleasont, progressive, industriol city of 
23,000. 


Apply: 
Personnel Officer 
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
St. Thomas, Ontario 


RED CROSS 
IS ALWAYS THERE 
WITH YOUR HELP 


SEPTEMBER 1%: 



THE HOSPIT AL 


FOR 


SICK CHILDREN 


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OFFERS: 


1. Satisfying experience 


2. Stimulating and friendly en- 
vironment. 


3. Orientation and In-Service 
Education Program. 


4. Sound Personnel Policies 


5. liberal vacation. 


APPLICA nONS FOR REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS INVITED. 


For detailed inlormation 
please write to: 


The Assistant Director 
of Nursing 
AUXILIARY STAFF 


555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Ontario, Canada 


SEPTEMBER 1967 


HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 


HOSPITAL - 
Newly expanded 350-bed hospital. Progressive patient care con- 
cept. 
SALARY - 
General Staff Nurses (Currently Registered in Ontario) $400.00 - 
$480. - 5-increments. 
Registered Nursing Assistants (Currently Registered in Ontario) 
$295.00 - $331.00, - 3 increments. 
HOUSING - 
Furnished apartments available at subsidized rates. 


JOB SATISFACTION - 
High quality patient care and friendly working environment. We 
appreciate our personnel and encourage their professional develop- 
ment. 


You are invited to enquire concerning employment opportunities to: 
Director of Nursing 


HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 


200 Church Street, Weston, Ontario 
Telephone 249.8111 (Toronto) 


THE UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA 


VICTORIA, BRITISH COLUMBIA 


invites applications lor the position 01 


DIRECTOR OF THE SCHOOL Of NURSING 


The School enrols its first students this fall. Its Director will enjoy wide 
opportunities to share in the development of curriculum and the establish- 
ment of policies for growth. Candidates should have had successful ex- 
perience in Hospital Administration and Education, and preferably hold 
a Doctoral degree. Salary commensurate with training and experience. 
Attractiveness of the University's setting on Vancouver Island enhances 
a broad program of Faculty benefits. 


Please address all enquiries to: 
Dr. Malcolm G. Taylor 
President of the 


UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA 


VICTORIA, B. C. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 77 



UNITED STATES 


I I 


UNITED STATES 


TEAM LEADER opportunities in North Miomi. The 
newly expanded 372.bed N
"h Mi<:,mi General 
Haspital needs evening and night RegIstered Nurse 
team leaders far its Medical-Surgical Units. Salaries 
are $602-$628 per manth depending upan experience. 
Narth Miami General is a fully accredited five 
year aid haspital with liberal fringe benefits and 
a continuing education program for Registered Nurses. 
For a descriptive brochure and hospital policies 
write: North Miami General Hospital, North Miami, 
Florida. J. Larry Sims, Administrative Assistant. An 
equal appartunity emplayer. 15- 1 0-2 A 


STAFF NURSES: Ta wark in Extended Care ar Tuber. 
culosis Unit. Live in lovely suburban Cleveland in 
2-bedraam hause for $55 a month including all 
utilities. Modern salary and excellent fringe benefits. 
Write Director of Nursing Service, 4310 Richmond 
Road, Cleveland, Ohio. 15-36 1 F 


STAFF NURSES - Here is the opportunity to further 
develop your professional skills and knowledge in our 
I,OOO-bed medical center. We have liberal personnel 
policies with premiums for evening and night tours. 
Our nurses' residence, located in the midst of 33 
cultural and educational institutions, offers low-cost 
housing adiacentto the Hospitals. Write for our booklet 
on nursing opportunities. Feel free to tell us what type 
position you are seeking. Write: Director of Nursing, 
Room 600, University Hospitals of Cleveland, University 
Circle, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 15-36-1G 


Registered Nurse (Scenic Oregon vocation play- 
ground skiing, swimming, boating & cultural 
events)' for 295-bed teaching unit on campus of 
University of Oregon medical school. Salary starts 
at $575. Pay differential for nights and evenings. 
Liberal policy for advancement, vacations, sick 
leave, holIdays. Apply: Multnomah Hospital, Port. 
land. Oregon. 97201. 15-38- 1 


ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 


MONTREAL, QUEBEC 


POSTGRADUATE COURSES 


1. (a) .Six month clinical COurse in Obstetrical Nursing. 
Classes - September and March. 


(b) 


Two month clinical course in Gynecological Nursing. 
Classes following the six month course in Obstetrical 
Nursing. 
Eight week course in Care of the Premature Infant. 


(c) 


2. 


Six month course in Operating Room Technique. 
Classes - September and March. 


3. 


Six month course in Theory and Practice in Psychiatric 
Nursing. 
Classes - September and March. 


For information and details of the courses, apply to: 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 


Montreal r P.Q. 


78 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


UNIVERSITY OF 
BRITISH COLUMBIA 


School of Nursing 


DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC 
NURSING 
DEGREE COURSE FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 


Both of these courses lead to the 
B.S.N. degree. Graduates are pre- 
pared for public health as well as 
ho-spital nursing positions. 


DIPLOMA COURSES FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 


1. Public Health Nursing. 
2. Administration of Hospital 
Nursing Units. 
3. Psychiatric Nursing. 


For information write to: 
The Director 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 
UNIVERSITY OF B.C. 
Vancouver 8r B.C. 


THE WINNIPEG 
GENERAL HOSPIT At 


Offers the following opporfunify for ad- 
vanced preparafion to qualified Regisfered 
Graduate Nurses: 


A SIX MONTH CLINICAL COURSE 
in 
OPERATING ROOM 
PRINCIPLES AND ADVANCED 
PRACTICE 


The course commences in September of 
each year. Maintenance is provided, and 
o reasonable stipend is given each monfh. 
Enrolment is limifed to a maximum of 
fen studenfs. 


For further information please 
write to: 


THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
700 William Ave. 
Winnipeg 3 


SEPTEMBER 1967 



Index 
to 
advertisers 
September 1967 


Abbott Laboratories Limited 
Ames Company of Canada, Ltd. 
American Sterilizer Company 
Ayerst Laboratories 
M.J. Chase Co. 
Clinic Shoemakers 
Charles E. Frosst & Co. 
Hollister Limited 
Frank W. Horner Company 
LaCrosse Uniform Corp. 
Lakeside Laboratories (Canada) Ltd. 
Lewis-Howe Company (Turns) 
J.B. Lippincott Company 
of Canada Limited 
Medical Products 3M Company 
C.V. Mosby Co. 
J.T. Posey Co. 
Reeves Company 
W.B. Saunders Company 
Sterilon of Canada 
Town r mports 
Uniforms Registered 
Warner-Chilcott Labs Co. Ltd. 
(Texas Pharmical Div.) 
Winley-Morris Company Ltd. 
White Cross Shoes 


Advertising 
Manager 
Ruth H. Baumel, 
The Canadian Nurse 
50 The Driveway, 
Ottawa 4, Ontario 
Advertising Representatives 
Richard P. Wilson, 
219 East Lancaster Avenue, 
Ardmore, Penna. 19003 
Vanco Publications, 
170 The DOQ.way West, 
Suite 408, Don Mills, Onto 
Member of Canadian 
Circulation Audit Board Inc. 


10 
Cover IV 
16 
6 
54 
2 
14 
11 
24,26 
18 
9 
53 


5 
22 
28 
55 
23 
Cover n 
12 
52 
Cover III 


I 
53 
21 


SEPTEMBER 1%7 


I3E:J 


ROYAL INLAND 
HOSPITAL 
Kamloops. B.C. 


INVITES YOu fo apply for a posifion In an expanding hospital. 
There is an opening for you in any of fhe services, which include 
Intensive Care, Haemodialysis, Psychiafry, Reactivafion. Hospital 
is a Regional Hospitol and mojor medical centre in fhe Inferior 
with all general specialties well represented including neurosur- 
gery. 186 bed air-condifioned wing was completed in 1966, pre- 
senf renOvafion bringing capacify to 270 beds and 45 bassinettes 
will be cOmplefed in October. Plans fOr expansion fo 500 beds are 
underway. 


Salary as per R.N.A.B.C. contract. 4 weeks vacation. Cumulative 
sick leave up fo 120 days. Pension and medical coverage pro. 
gramm.. Opportunity for advanc.ment. 


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SCHOOL OF NURSING - SCHOOL OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY - 
IN-SERVICE EDUCATION PROGRAMME INCLUDING ORIENTATION 
- SUMMER INTERNE PROGRAMME. 


You will have initial accommodation provided at nominal cost. 
KAMlOOPS, a rapidly expanding industrial area wifh a populafion 
of 35,000, known as fhe Sunny Sporfsman's Paradise - Hub Cify 
of British Columbia served by Trans Canada Highway, both major 
Roilways, and Airline Services. 


For your enjoymenf a lorge voriefy of winter and summer acti- 
vities are available including excellent skiing, golfing, boating, 
fishing, camping, horseback riding, flying, drama, concerts, and 
an acfive adult educafion programme. 


Applications and enquiries should be addressed to : 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING SERVICE 
ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL 
KAMLOOPS, B.C. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 79 



PROVINCIAL ASSOCIA nONS OF REGISTERED NURSES 


Alberta 
Alberta Association of Registered Nurses, 
10256 - 112 St.. Edmonton. 
Pres.: Sister Ann Marie; Past Pres.: F.M. 
Moore; Vice-pres.: M.G. Purcell. E. Jame- 
son. L. Rutherford: Committees - Nursing 
Service: M. Parker; Public Relations: D. La- 
Belle; Staff Nurses: P. Yates; Supervisory 
Nurses: R. Erickson; Executive Secretary: 
H. Sabin: Registrar: D.J. Price. 


British Columbia 
Registered Nurses' Association of British 
Columbia, 2130 West 12th Avenue. Van- 
couver 9. 
Pres.: M. Lunn; Past Pres.: A. George; 
Vice-pres.. E. Bastable, M. Angus; Hon. 
Treasurer: T.J. McKenna; Hon. Secretary: 
KM. Smith; Committees - Nursing Edu- 
cation: R. Cunningham; Public Relations: 
N. Fieldhouse; Nursing Service: V. Ru- 
therford; Social & Ec. Welfare: I. Mooney; 
Finance: T. McKenna; Legislation & By- 
Laws: C. Winning; Executive Secretary: E. 
S. Graham; Registrar: F. McQuarrie. 


Manitoba 
Manitoba Association of Registered Nurses. 
247 Balmoral Street. Winnipeg I. 
Pre.f.." H.P. Glass; Past Pres.: M.E. Wilson; 
Vice-pres.: I. McGinnis. M. Nugent; Com- 
milltees - Nursing Service: H. Beath; 
Nursing Education: K McLaughlin; Public 
Relations: P.G. Morcombe; Legislation: H. 
Mazerall; Employment Relations Director: 
E. Svanhill; Registrar: M. Caldwell; Em- 
ployment Relations Consultant: H.W. Dale; 
Executive Director: M.E. Cameron. 


New Brunswick 
New Brunswick Association of Registered 
Nurses. 23 I Saunders Street. Fredericton. 
Pres.: K Wright; Past Pres.: M.J. Ander- 
son; Vice-pres.: A. Estabrooks. Sister Jac- 
queline Bouchard; Hon. Secretary: S. Mac- 
Leod; Committees - Social & Ec. Welfare: 
C. Bannister: Nursing Education: Sister J. 
Bourgeois; Nursing Service: Sister Thérèse 
Haché; Finance: A. Estabrooks; Legislation: 
M. MacLachlan; Public Relations: I. Rum- 
sey; Employment Relations; J. Blue; Execu- 
tive Secretary: G. Hermann; Registrar: L. 
Gladney. 


Newfoundland 
Association of Registered Nurses of New- 
foundland, 95 Le Marchand Road, St. 
John's. 
Pres.: Sister M. Xaverius; Past Pres.: J. 
Story; Vice-pres.: M. Marsh, D. Pinsent, A. 
Simms; Committees - Nursing Education: 
F. Jones; Nursing Service: J. Story; Legis- 
lation & By-Laws: M. Evans; Finance: M. 
Marsh; Registration: M. Feehan; Social & 


80 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Ec. Welfare: J. Lewis; Executive Secretary: 
P. Laracy; Asst. Executive Secretary: M. 
Cummings. 


Nova Scotia 
Registered Nurses' Association of Nova Sco- 
tia. 6035 Coburg Road, Halifax. 
Pres.: J. Church; Past Pres.: P. Lyttle; 
Vice-pres.: E. Purdy, M. Matheson, Sister 
M. Barbara; Committees - Nursing Educa- 
tion: Sister C. Marie; Nursing Service: R. 
Jenkins; Social & Ec. Welfare: Sister T. 
Joseph; Executive Secretary: N. Watson; 
Recording Secretary: M. Riley. 


Ontario 
Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario. 
33 Price Street. Toronto 5. 
Pres.: A. Wedgery; Past Pres.: E. Geiger; 
Pres. Elect.: L.E. Butler: Executh'e Direc- 
tor: L.W. Barr. 


Prince Edward Island 
Association of Registered Nurses of Prince 
Edward Island. 188 Prince Street, Char- 
lottetown. 
Pres.: Sister M. Hermina; Past Pres.: A. 
Trainor; Vice-pres.: C. Corbett, S. Driscoll; 
Committees - Nursing Education: M. 
Murphy; Nursing Service: Sister A. Celes- 
tine; Public Relations: C. Gordon; Finance: 
A. Trainor; Legislation & By-Laws: K 
MacLennan; Social & Ec. Welfare: G. Mac- 
Donald; Executil'e Secretary - Registrar: 
H. Bolger. 


Quebec 
The Association of Nurses of the Province 
of Quebec, 4200 Dorchester Street West, 
Montreal 6. 
Pres.: G. Jacobs; Past Pres.: H. Lamont; 
Vice-pres.: (Eng.) J. Gilchrist. J. MacMil- 
lan; (Fr.) M. Jalbert, J. Monfette; Hon. 
Treas.: F.M. Allen; Hon. Sec.: O.L. Ga- 
reau; Committees - Nursing Education: 
J.M. Gilchrist. Sister B. Lesage; Nursing 
Service: R. Doyon, T. Beliveau; Public Re- 
lations: C. Rioux, B. Eggen; Labor Rela- 
tions: E.C. Flanagan. G. Hotte; Legisla- 
tions: E.C. Flanagan. G. Charbonneau; 
Councillors: Sister J. Gagnon, L. Audet, L. 
Rainville. C. Pagé. R. Bureau; Secretary- 
Registrar: H. Reimer. 


Saskatchewan 
Saskatchewan Registered Nurses' Associa- 
tion, 2066 Retallack Street, Regina. 
Pres.: A. Gunn; Past Pres.: V. Spencer; 
Vice-pres.: M. McKillop, Sister M. Rufina; 
Committees - Nursing Education: A. 
Herd; Nursmg Service: M. Tutty; Chapters 
& Public Relations: D. Ast; Social & Wel- 
fare: C. Boyko; Executive Secretary; A. 
Mills; Registrar: G. Motta; School of Nurs- 
ing Advisor: L. Long. 


CANADIAN 


ð 

 


NURSES' 


ASSOCIA nON 


Board of Directors 


President ... .__. Sister M, Felicitas 
1st Vice-president. .. E. Louise Miner 
2nd Vice- 
president. Marguerite Schumacher 
Representative of Nursing 
Sisterhoods ___._. Sister T. Castonguay 
Chairman of Committee on Social & 
Economic Welfare.. Evelyn E. Hood 
Chairman of Committee on Nursing 
Service ......... Margaret D. McLean 
Chairman of Committee on Nursing 
Education . Kathleen E. Arpin 
AARN Sister Ann Marie, president 
RNABC .... M. Lunn, President 
MARN.. ....... H.P. Glass, President 
NBARN ... .... K Wright, President 
ARNN Sister M. Xaverius. president 
RNANS .. J. Church, president 
RNAO A. Wedgery, president 
ANPEI Sister M. Hermina, president 
ANPQ G. Jacobs, president 
SRNA A. Gunn, president 


National Office 


Executive 
Director .... Helen K Mussallem 
Associate Executive 
Director Lillian E. Pettigrew 
General 
Manager Ernest Van Raalte 


Research and Advisory Services: 


Director 
Education 
Higher Education 
Service 
Socio-Economic 
Welfare 


Lois Graham-Cumming 
Margaret Steed 
Shirley R. Good 
Frances Howard 


Glenna S. Rowsell 


Library 


Margaret L. Parkin 


Information Services: 


Public Relations. .. June I. Ferguson 
Editor. The Canadian 
Nurse ... Virginia A. Lindabury 
Editor, L'infirmière 
canadienne Claire Bigué 


SEPTEMBER 196i 



Octo 


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Canadian 
Nurse 



 
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children and anesthesia 


contraceptive practices 
past and present 
hemodialysis and 
renal transplant programs 


idea exchange 


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Bedside nursing - 
Operating room technique 
Operation of nursing homes 
KnoWledge for diabetics 
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Sutton - \ 
Bedside Nursing Techniques 


By Audrey Latshaw Sutton, R.N., Director of Nursing Service, 
Edgewood General Hospital, Berlin, N.J. 
This lavishly illustrated book is virtually a p
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the comatose patient, preparing the patient for c
r- 
diac catheterization, irrigatinp the colon, measuring 
venous pressure, teaching the hemiplegic to sit, stand, 
ek. \ 
364 pp., 820 iIIus. $8.65. February, 1965. 


Just Ready! 


McQuillan - 
Nursing Home Administration 


By Florence L. McQuillan, R.N., M.S., Consulting Editor, Nursing 
Home Administration; Field Representative, Commonwealth of 
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Practical, complete, and authoritative, this new book 
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patients. 
About 418 pp. lIIus. About $11.00. New-Just ready. 


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By George LeMaÎtre, M.D., Boston, Mass., and Janet A. Finnegan, 
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Here is an up-to-date text and manual of nursing 
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..-:-r New 2nd Edition 
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Progress for DiabetÎcs 
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Theodore G. Duncan, B.S., M.D., F.A.C.P., both of the University 
af Pennsylvania. "- 
Designed to help the diabetic patient learn to live a 
full life, this appealing book will also help the nurse 
gain a fuller understanding of the diabetic's problems. 
Medically sound, easy to read, and cleverly illustrated, 
it tells the story of one diabetic's life and her con- 
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oncoming coma, diet, etc. The latest advances are de- 
scribed in this new second edition. 
227 pp. lIIus. $4.05. New (2nd) Edition, July, 1967. 


Order your copies from 
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 1 



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2 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


OCTOBER 1967 



The 
Canadian 
Nurse 


ð 

 


A monthly journal for the nurses of Canada published 
in English and French editions by the Canadian Nurses' Association 


Volume 63, Number 10 


October 1967 


26 Children and anesthesia . 
29 Contraceptive Practices past and present 
32 Present status of renal transplantation .. 
35 Nursing care in renal transplantation ... 
40 Nursing the patient on long-term hemodialysis 
42 Treatment of traumatic rupture of urethra 
44 Anomalies and infection of genitourinary tract 
46 Idea exchange 


25 Editorial 


N. Kingsley 
I.e. Milton 
_ J .B. Dossetor 
J. MacDonald 
L. Nesbitt 


D.O. Morehouse 


D. Ackman 


The views expressed in the various articles are the views of the authors and do not 
necessarily represent the policies or views of the Canadian Nurses' Association. 


4 Letters 7 News 
15 Names 18 Dates 
20 In a Capsule 22 New Products 
48 Research Abstracts 49 Books 
54 Films 55 Accession List 


Cover photo courtesy of Women's College Hospital and the National Film Board of 
Canada. Photographer: John Reeves, Toronto. 


Executive Director: Helen K. Mussallem . 
Editor: Virginia A. Llndabury . Assistant 
Editor: Glennls N. Zilm . Editorial Assistant: 
Loral A. Graham . Circutation Manager: Pier- 
rette Hotte . Advertising Manager: Ruth H. 
Baumel . Subscription Rates: Canada: One 
Year, 54.SO; two years, $8.00. Foreign: One 
Year, $5.00; two years, $9.00. Single copies: 
SO cents each. Make cheques or money orders 
payabte to The Canadian Nurse . Chønge of 
Address: Four weeks' notice and the otd 
address as well as the new are necessary. Not 
responsible for iournats tost in mail due to 
errors in address 
@ Canadian Nurses' Association. 1967 


Manuscript Information: "The Canadian 
Nurse" welcomes unsolicited articles. All 
manuscripts shoutd be typed, double-spaced, 
on One side of unruled paper leaving wide 
margins. Manuscripts are accepted for review 
for exclusive publication. .The editor reserves 
the right to make the usual editorial changes. 
Photoj;(raphs (glossy prints) and graphs and 
diagrams (drawn in india ink on white paper) 
are wetcomed with such articles. The editor 
is not committed to publish all articles sent, 
nor to indicate defimte dates of publication. 
Authorized as Second-Class Mail by the Post 
Office Department, Ottawa, and for payment 
of postage in cash. Postpaid at Montreal. 
Return Postage Guaranteed. SO The Driveway, 
Ottawa 4. Ontario. 


What happens when an organizati< 
with a worthy cause has few member 
little money, and a W.K. Kellogg 
Foundation grant that is about to en< 
One of three things: it either ceases 
to exist, cuts back on its program, 
or starts an intensive campaign to 
convince non-members that it deserve 
their support. 
The Canadian Nurses' FoundatiOl 
which fits the above description, 
decided to follow the latter course a 
few years ago. It invited a firm that 
specializes in campaign promotion te 
tackle the problem of selling CNF - 
the only national organization in 
Canada that provides nursing 
scholarships for higher education and 
grants for nursing research - to the 
public. Unfortunately, the scheme 
never got beyond the first meeting. 
How can you expect to get public 
support, the promoters asked, if you 
don't have the support of nurses 
themselves? 
A good point. And nurses 
certainly are not supporting CNF. 
As of June 30 this year, only 992 
of the more than 112,000 registered 
nurses in Canada had paid their two 
dollar membership fee to the CNF. 
Does this mean that the remainder al 
against the principle of higher 
education for nurses? We think not. 
In fact, it is belittling to our 
colleagues to suggest this. 
We believe that many nurses do n( 
support CNF because they know 
little about it. In other words, CNF 
has suffered from a lack of publicity. 
How many nurses know, for 
example, that since its incorporation 
in 1962, CNF has provided financial 
assistance, totalling $ 175,775., to 49 
master's and 8 doctoral candidates? 
That CNF would provide assistance 
to more nurses, at the baccalaureate 
as well as master's and doctoral level. 
if it had more funds? 
How many know that the W.K. 
Kellogg Foundation grant ended this 
year? And that 1967 contributions 
from individual members totalled on 
$2,207. - an amount that on its ow 
would help to support only one 
candidate? 
How many nurses know that by 
sending a tax-deductable fee of two 
dollars to the Canadian Nurses' 
FouI\dation, 50 The Driveway, 
Ottawa 4, Ontario, they can become 
members and supporters of an 
organization whose sole objective is 1 
improve nursing in Canada? 
V.A. 


OCTOBER 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 3 



letters 


{ 


Letters to the editor are welcome. 
Only signed letters will be considered for publication 
Name will be withheld at the writer's request. 


Physician criticizes editorial 
The editors asl..ed Dr. C. J. Van'is to com- 
ment on the editorial in the September 1967 
issue of The Canadian Nurse and to de- 
fend his statement that the Ilurse is the 
"handmaiden" of the ph)'sician. Here are 
his comments. 


Dear Editor: 
I am convinced that the term "hand- 
maiden" is misinterpreted as a "master-slave 
attitude" by the nursing profession. I re- 
main adamant and unconvinced of any er- 
ror in my thinking. Mr. Wedgery's "well- 
worded rebuttal" merely confirms my point. 
Nurses do not know what they want and 
are still searching for a role on the med- 
ical team. They are incapable of choosing 
one with confidence. and hide this inability 
by withdrawing into a self-policed, self- 
taught, self-monitored world that excludes 
all criticism. 
In any patient's illness, there is only one 
person capable of directing its overall man- 
agement intelligently. All other participants 
in this management are there to aid this 
person. Whether this person is called a doc- 
tor or a chef matters little. Just as two 
chefs will not attempt to prepare the same 
stew at the same time, neither will two 
doctors attempt to treat the same patient. 
Yet for some bizzare reason you have mis- 
taken the eM.A. Journal article as support 
for such "equal partnership status." These 
are delusions of grandeur that only the 
naive would assume. Under no circum- 
stances can a nurse be the equal partner of 
the physician. 
Had you read with care the neatly word- 
ed parable of the "Prince and the Hand- 
Maiden," you would have discovered that 
the handmaiden had indeed assumed new 
status. She no longer participated in the 
functions assigned to "the prince"; she had 
assumed new functions in another area al- 
together. The role of nursing today is not 
the care of the sick through assistance to 
the physician, it is the care of the sick 
through assistance to the hospital adminis- 
trator. 
The nurse has altered her status to that 
of guardian whose job it is to see that no 
harm comes to the patient, no evil to the 
hospital, and no problems to her hospital 
administrator. Her job has evolved into a 
liaison role between lay hospital administra- 
tion and medical management of illness. If 
nursing standards are to be improved under 
these conditions, couro;es in business admin- 
istration are of more value than instruction 
in the variations of a weak. thready pulse! 


4 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


This is indeed a new role. No wonder 
the Prince had difficulty in recognizing this 
"handmaiden" - she just switched places! 
- C.J. Varvis. M.D., Edmonton, Alberta. 


Work wanted section? 
Dear Editor: 
Your classified advertisement section is 
very helpful. Would it be possible to include 
a work-wanted section? It would be espe- 
cially helpful for nurses going to another 
province or city, or for a nurse wishing to 
move to a different field of nursing. Ad- 
vertisements could be paid in the same way 
as the help wanted advertiserP
n\s. - Dawn 
Moynihan, Montreal. Quebe.... 


Patients' opinions 
Dear Editor: 
Each junior student nurse in our school 
of nursing was given the task of interview- 
ing one of her patients. It was believed that 
by questioning the patient we would have 
a better understanding of him. Also, it WQS 
hoped that this project would show that 
research could be done by nurses in their 
own environment. Our "research" was done 
on a small scale. but proved enlightening. 
The majority of patients whom we in- 
terviewed thought of nurses as very special 
people, who did all they could to make 
their stay in hospital comfortable and pleas- 
ant. They looked for nurses who were 
neat, cheerful. and cooperative. Patients 
were relieved when nurses responded quick- 
ly to their requests: "When a nurse acts 
promptly, I don.t feel as though I've been 
a bother by interrupting her work:' one 
elderly gentleman commented. 
Patients believed that the nurse should 
help them bathe and eat when they were 
unable to attend to these needs themselves. 
All agreed that a good nurse tries to anti- 
cipate the individual needs of the patient, 
e.g., by finding an interpreter if he speaks 
a foreign language. 
The patients wanted a nurse in whom 
they felt confident, and who would consider 
the privacy and individual care of a pa- 
tient; they found nothing more embarras- 
sing or distressing than exposure or ne- 
glect. They believed that the good nurse 
pays attention to small details, such as 
supplying information about spiritual ar- 
rangements in the hospital, or offering to 
go for cigarets without a reminder. 
P'Jtients had only a few requests con- 
cerning rooming conditions. Persons who 
share a common language, religion, ideal, 
and age were preferred as room-mates. The 


sick preferred to be with the sick, and the 
up and about with the up and about. Pa- 
tients looked for some form of recreation 
while in hospital; many had no visitors, 
and to them time seemed indefinite. 
We recognize that patient's wishes are 
very important; however, the nurse must be 
able to explain situations where it is not 
possible to follow them. For instance, the 
patient may fail to see the necessity of 
being fed when he is on complete bed rest. 
He may need help to recognize the value 
of the care being given. 
Although much is being done for the 
patient, there is still much to do. It would 
be well for all of us to evaluate our work 
and renew our ideals accordingly. - Caro- 
lyn MacKay, Hotel Dieu Hospital School of 
Nursing, Chatham. New Brunswick. 


Responsibility not doctor's 
Dear Editor: 
As a registered nurse with experience in 
other countries. I agree with ma'ny aspects 
of Rosemarie Gascoyne's letter (July (967) 
that discussed the profession's current in- 
adequacies. However. I disagree with her 
belief that responsibility for any restrictive 
practices can be laid on the doctor. Present 
leaders and all members of the nursing pro- 
fession, rather than the doctors. bear this 
responsibility. 
With the advent of nationalized medicine 
and its anticip3ted increased demands on 
the medical profession. a revitalized and 
efficient nursing service is an urgent need. 
An excellent starting point toward meeting 
this need would be improved communica- 
tion and cooperation between nurses. 
Intelligent girls who are prepared to ac- 
cept responsibilities can have Q life that is 
richly rewarding in human experiences and 
at the same time return nursing to its once 
respected status. - Elizabeth E. Rogers. 
Edmonton, Alberta. 


Journals needed 
Dear Editor: 
The members of the Student Nurses' As- 
sociation of Trinidad and Tobago are avid 
readers of your magazine. Unfortunately, 
due to limited resources, we are unable to 
subscribe. 
We would therefore be grateful if any 
nurses or associations could donate copies 
of the journal to our association. They 
need not be new - any available ones 
would be appreciated. - Mr. Michael 
Phillips, President, Student Nurses' Asso- 
ciation of Trinidad ilnd Tobago. P.O.S. 
General Hospital, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad. 


OCTOBER 1967 



If you were designing a disposable 
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J A 1200cc rigid plastic drainage collection tray? 
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o A sterile overwrap to provide a sterile field? 

 A pair of disposable ambidextrous plastic gloves? 
o A waterproof underpad? 
o A fenestrated drape? 
o Five rayon balls in a plastic cup? 
o Benzalkonium Chloride 0.750) 30cc's? 
o Disposable Forceps? 
o Water soluble lubricant? 


If you checked them all, you know what goes into 
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are the most complete, the most convenient, and 
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sterile until you open it. In addition. the bag is 
ideal for use in disposing of the contents of 
the tray after use. 


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6 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


OCTOBER 1967 



news 


Plans Complete For CNA 
Regional Workshops 
Four remaining regional workshops for 
directors and assistant directors of nursing 
services, sponsored by the Canadian Nurses' 
Association, are to be held in October and 
November, 1967. 
Theme of the workshops is Improve- 
ment of Nursing Service in Hospitals 
Through the Problem-solving Approach. 
Speakers will discuss techniques of problem 
solving with the aim of stimulating direc- 
tors to use the problem-solving approach in 
the administration of nursing services. 
The consultant on problem solving at 
the Toronto conference, which will be held 
October 17-20. 1967, is Dr. Winston Ma- 
hatao, associate professor of commerce, Mc- 
Master University. Hamilton. Jean Ander- 
son, director of nursing at Vicoria Public 
Hospital. Fredericton, New Brunswick. and 
Hazel Keeler. director of the school of 
nursing at the University of Saskatchewan. 
also will address the delegates. 
Dr Mahatao will lead discussions again 
at the London. Ontario work
hop. Novem- 
ber 7-10. 1967. Speal.ers will he Margaret 
Cameron. executive director of the Man- 
itoba Association of Registered Nurses. and 
Ryllys Cutler. ;Is
istant professor. school of 
nursing. University of New Brunswick. 
The Regina worl.shop will be held Oc- 
tober 24-27. 1967. with Dr. Larry Moore, 
faculty of commerce and business adminis- 
tration, University of British Columbia. act- 
ing as consultant. Other speakers are Mary 
Richmond. director of nursing at the Van- 
couver General Ho
pital. and Margaret 
Street. associate professor at the school of 
nursing. University of British Columbia. 
The workshop to be held in Quebec City, 
November 28 to December I. is to be con- 
ducted in the French language. English- 
speaking nurses from Quebec are invited to 
attend one of the Ontario workshops. while 
French-speaking nurses from New Bruns- 
wick are invited to the Quebec City work- 
shop. 


Nova Scotia Nursing Students 
Provide New Scholarship 
Halifax. - The Student Nurses' A
so- 
ciation of Nova Scotia has set up a fund 
to provide scholarship assistance for a 
member who plans to further her education 
in nursing. The scholarship will be awarded 
for the first time in 1968. 
Schools of nursing throughout the prov- 
ince have assisted in raising money for the 
fund. A doll raffle has been used as the 
major money-raising project. 


OCTOBER 1967 


Russian Health Services Theme of Meeting 


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A lively discussion on health and medicine in the USSR took place recently 
at a meeting conducted by the education and nursing committees of District 
Xl, French Chapter, of the Association of Nurses of the Province of Quebec. 
The meeting, which was held on the grounds of Expo 67, was followed by a 
supper in the Russian pavilion. Left to right are Violet Anutoosmkin, inter- 
preter for the group, Germaine Lacharité, Nicole DuMouchel, and Dr. Oup- 
kina, a doctor from the emergency clinic of the Russian pavilion at Expo 67. 


The scholarship will be awarded to a 
member of the 1968 graduating class. Fac- 
ulty from each of the 15 schools will be 
asked to submit the name of the candidate. 
based on criteria established by the students' 
association. The final selection of the can- 
didate will be made by a draw at the 
annual meeting. 


SRNA Holds Workshops 
On Collective Bargaining 
Regina. - The Saskatchewan Registered 
Nurses' Association is sponsoring six one- 
day workshops on collective bargaining to 
help members to be better informed on the 
subject. Worl.shops will be held in October 
in six cities throughout the province. Glen- 
na Rowsell. nursing consultant in social and 
economic welfare of the Canadian Nurses' 
Association. is the discussion leader and 
principal speaker. 
The first workshop will be held in Regina 
on October 4. Others are scheduled for 
York ton October 10. Humbolt October 12, 
Saskatoon October 16. Prince Albert Oc- 
tober 18. and North Battleford October 20. 
Topics for discussion will include a re- 


view of the essentials of bargaining proce- 
dures, the possible role of the SRNA in 
collective bargaining, and procedures to be 
carried out by individual groups who wish 
to organize a bargaining unit. 
Miss Rowsell will also hold a two-day 
workshop on collective bargaining for SRNA 
chapter presidents and members of the so- 
cial and economic welfare committee. This 
workshop will take place in Regina. Oc- 
tober 5 and 6. 


Additions to CNA Archives 
Ottawa. - A start has been made on 
what is planned as a permanent colIection 
of Canadian nursing caps. The Canadian 
Nurses' Association recently received six 
different caps from schools of nursing 
across the country. 
The oldest are from the Mack Training 
School for Nurses, St. Catha rines, Ontario. 
They date from 1878 and 1900. 
l\ set 01 mllllary oUllons worn In both 
the First and Second World Wars also has 
been sent for the Archives Collection. 
When the new CNA House was built, an 
archives room was provided as part of the 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 7 



news 


J 


library facilities. and the library became 
responsible for a permanent archives col- 
lection. 
"We are anxious to receive items for the 
collection," reported Miss Margaret Parkin. 
CNA Librarian. "If an effort is not made 
now to preserve items of historical signif- 
icance, they will disappear irretrievably," 
she added. 
The CNA also proposes to establish a 
central index or catalogue of items of his- 
torical significance. The aim of this pro- 
ject. which wa
 initiated by the National 
Office Auxiliary, is to have readily avail- 
able in one location, full information on 
the resources of historical material on nurs- 
ing in Canada. 


Informal Course for 
" Instant librarians" 
Ottawa. - Informal one-day programs 
for non-professional staff employed in hos- 
pital libraries is the latest project of the 
Canadian Nur
es' Association. CNA Li- 
brarian Marg....et ParI-in ha
 received five 
visitors. non-profðsional librari.ms from 
hospitals "nd region.11 schools in southern 
Ont"rio and Quebec for (me-day visits to 
discuss librdrY problem
. and for orienta- 
tion to the special needs of personnel in 
hospitals and schools of mlr
ing for library 
service. 
'This program is at best a stop-gap in 
view of the shortage of qualified librarians 
for these libraries:' said Mis
 ParI-in. "how- 
ever it does permit us to u
e our personnel 
and resources to the best advantage. We 
can discu

 mutual problems. and it gives 
the visitor an introduction to the CNA 
library reSOurces .Iv.lilablc 10 CNA members 
and nursing libraries:' 
Library stdff from schools of nursing can 
apply for visits to CNA I ibrary. "We be- 
lieve even this small program helps the 
non-profe
sional librarian to provide opti- 
,mum library service. and good nur
ing edu- 
cation. service. and research are dependent. 
to some degree at least. on the availability 
of 
uch service," 
he added. 


After Seven Years 
Baccalaureate Nurses Earn 
More Than Teachers 
New York. - Seven year:. after college. 
the average annu.1I 
alaries of nurses are 

Iightly higher th.m tho
e for teachers. 
Nurses are still well down (eighth) on the 
lists of average sdlarie
, ranking after die- 
titians or home economist
 and social. wel- 
fare. and recreation workers. 
These statistics are for the United States 
in 1964. and were released recently by the 
American Nurses' Association, and based on 
a U.S. Department of Labor Bulletin. 


8 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


leprosy Control In Dahomey Aided by UNICEF 


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Dr. Roger Akollete of Dahomey one of Africa's new young nations, smiles at 
a young citizen who appears to have a healthy start in life. Dr. Akouete, 
medicin-chef of the leprosy sectioll of Grandes Endémies, a government or- 
ganization for actio II against mass diseases, is on a visit to the southern Da- 
homey water village of Gallvié. Aid to the project was provided in the form 
of transportation and drugs by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). 
Again this Halloween, Canadian children will help children around the world 
by making their annual door-to-door collection for UNICEF on October 31. 


In a table listing average annual salaries 
for women college gradu.lte
 seven years 
after graduation. chemists, mathematicians, 
and statisticians are shown as receiving the 
highest yearly income - $8.039 on the 
average. Managers and officials rank second. 
with $7,466. and miscellaneous school work- 
ers (not teachers) .Ire third. with $6.744. 
Nurses rank in eighth position, with a 
yearly average salary of $6.078. Teachers 
were reported to receive $5.589. 
The nurses' salaries were slightly "bove 
the national average for women graduates, 
$5,947. 


Dalhousie Announces Changes 
In Nursing Program 
Halifax. - The school of nursing of 
Dalhousie University has announced changes 
in its three-year degree program offered for 
registered nurses. Changes will be effective 
September, 1968. 
The new program. designed to increase 
the content and depth of the course, pro- 
vides profes
ional studies throughout the 


three years. In the first year. professional 

ubjects will incl ude current trends in nurs- 
ing and a public health science course. In 
the second year, students will study normal 
growth and development and principles of 
administration and teaching, as well as one 
of the following specialties: medical-surgical 
nursing; obstetrical nursing: psychological 
nursing: or public health nursing. In the 
fin"J year studenls will take a course in 
either nursing service administration or cur- 
riculum development in schools of nursings. 
along with the clinical application of their 
specialty. Subjects from the faculty of Arts 
and Science are also included in all three 
years. 
Credit obtained in present one-year di- 
ploma programs cannot be applied toward 
the degree course after 1970. 
The school will continue to offer the 
one-year diploma course in public health 
nursing, teaching in schools of nursing. and 
nursing service administration. and the two- 
year course in outpost nursing. 


(COlllillIlCd 011 pa
c 10) 


OCTOBER 1967 



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Use Abbott's Butterfly Infusion Set 
in an adult arm? 


Certainly. The fact is. today more Abbott 
"Butterfly Infusion Sets" are used in adult 
arms and hands. etc.. than in infant 
scalps. 
Good reason. 
Abbott's Butterfly I nfusion Set simplifies 
venipuncture in difficult patients. It has 
proved fine in squirming mfants. But it has 
proved equally helpful in restless adults. 
and in oldsters with fragile. rolling veins. 
And. once in place. the small needle. 
ultraflexible tubing. and stabilizing wings 
tend to prevent needle movement. and to 
avoid vascular damage. 
Folding Butterfly Wings 
The Butterfly wings are flexible. Like a 
butterfly. They fold upward for easy grasp- 
ing. They let you manoeuver the needle 
with great accuracy. even when the 


Abbott's Butterfly 


ABBOTT LABORATORIES LIMITED 


OCTOBER 1%7 


needle shaft IS held flat against the skin. 
Then. once the needle is inserted. the 
wings spread flat. They conform to the 
skin. They provide a stable anchorage for 
taping. The needle can be immobilized so 
securely and so flat to the skin that there 
is little hazard of a fretful patient dis- 
lodging or moving it. 


... 


ËJ 


BUTTERFlY.23 
IllIUSIIIII SII 
r""';11111 SgIf ',."""$11 


Infusion Set 


73.S 
- 


Five Peel-Pack Sets 
To accommodate patients of various ages. 
Abbott supplies Butterfly Infusion Sets in 
5 sizes. Four provide thinwall (extra- 
capacity) needles. The Butterfly-25. -23. 
-21 and -19 come with a small-lumen 
vinyl tubing. The 16-gauge size. however. 
provides tubing of proportionately en- 
larged capacity. and thus is particularly 
suited to mass blood or solution infusions 
in surgery. 
The sets are supplied in sterile "peel- 
pack" envelopes. Just peel the envelope 
apart. Drop the set onto a sterile tray- 
it's ready for use in any sterile area. Your 
AbbottManwiligladlygiveyou e:J 
material for evaluation. Or 
write to Abbott Laboratories. A88CTT 
Box 6150. Montreal. Quebec. 


HALIFAX. MONTREAL. TORONTO. WINNIPEG. VANCOUVER 


435Y 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 9 



news 


(Continued from page 8) 
Hamilton Civic Hospital Nurses 
Apply for Certification 
Hamilton. - Hamilton Civic nurses have 
become the ninth hospital group in Ontario 
to apply to the Labor Relations Board for 
certification as bargaining agent for nurses. 
These groups have been assisted by the Reg- 
istered Nurses' Association of Ontario. 
The request was made after three months 
of activity, in which both the Nurses' Asso- 
ciation Hamilton Civic Hospitals and the 
Canadian Union of Public Employees sought 
to represent Hamilton nurses. CUPE, which 
represents public health nurses in Toronto 


and London and non-professional workers 
in various hospitals, withdrew its bid in 
early August. 
Both the nurses and hospital management 
requested that the Labor Relations Board 
appoint an examiner to study the functions 
and classifications of nurses. The nurses 
want all positions below the level of assist- 
ant director of nursing and assistant dir- 
ector of the school of nursing to be in- 
cluded in the bargaining unit. The hospital 
hopes 10 exclude head nurses, supervisors, 
and registered nurses who are not involved 
in direct patient care. However, it is pos- 
sible that the bargaining unit will be agreed 
upon by negotiation between the parties, 
rather than through examination. 
Hamilton Civic Hospitals, operating Ha- 
milton General Hospital and Henderson 
General Hospital, employ approximately 
900 nurses. 


l. J 

 LlPPlNCuTT'REFERENCE <E5 

 QUICK .00' FO" NU", 
" 


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.
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1167 p
 
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LIPPINCOTT'S QUICK REFERENCE BOOK FOR NURSES 


By Helen Young, R.N.; and Eleanor Lee, R.N., A.B. With an 
Author Panel from the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, 
Columbia University, Columbia University School of Nursing, New 
York. 


Through eight editions this widely-used reference has provided quick access to key facts and in- 
formation so vital to nursing practice. The material is organized so that the book is as easy to con- 
sult as a dictionary. Insertion of tabular material, in direct alignment with retated subjects, permits 
rapid consultation. 
Current technics, commonly-used treatments and n
rsing c
e are con
sely pr
sented ill; six maj
r 
classifications: Nursing Technics, Medical and SurgIcal Nursmg, MaterPUty Nursmg, Nursmg of ChIl- 
dren. Normal and Therapeutic Diets and Pluumacology. 
The Pharmacology section of the 1967 Printing has. been expanded to. in
lude . the new approved 
drugs. 1ñis entire section has been completely rewnllen and updated mime WIth current thought 
on drug usage, counterindications and dosage. 
1ñis compact, 800-page reference can be recommended, without reservation, as an invaluable aid 
to the practitioner, and as a review and "refresher" for the student. 


XL iPPincot 
 
J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY OF CANADA LTD. 
60 Front Street Welt Toronto I, Ontorio 
Please send me copy (ies) of: 
LlPPINC01TS QUICK REFERENCE BOOK FOR NURSES 


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10 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Quo Vadis School 
Graduates Second Class 
Toronto. - Canada's unique school of 
nursing for mature women graduated its 
second class on Saturday, September 9, 1967. 
Twenty-nine members of the Quo Vadis 
School of Nursing received their diplomas 
in ceremonies at Convention Hall at the 
University of Toronto. 
The Quo Vadis School is unique in that 
it was established for mature students, 30 
to 50 years of age. Of the 29 members of 
the graduating class, 22 are married; 19 have 
families; four are grandmothers. 
Most of the new graduates are from the 
province of Ontario; the remainder include 
five from the western provinces, two from 
Quebec, and one from the United States. 
They began their nursing studies in Sep- 
tember 1965, and wrote registration exam- 
inations in August 1967. They all propose 
to work in Ontario. 
The Quo Vadis School is incorporated as 
a two-year independent school of nursing. 
It has its own board of directors; financial 
support is provided by the Ontario govern- 
ment through the Ontario Hospital Services 
Commission. A new building for the school 
is under construction on the grounds of the 
Queensway General Hospital. 


Montreal Neurological Hospital 
Announces New Scholarship 
Montreal. - The establishment of the 
Hartland B. MacDougall Nursing Scholar- 
ship was announced recently by Bertha I. 
Cameron, director of nursing at the Mont- 
real Neurological Hospital. 
The scholarship, worth $500, is to be 
awarded annually to nurses of the Montreal 
Neurological Institute for advanced study. 


CN-"" 


Nursing leader On Committee 
To Choose Outstanding Civil 
Servant For 1967 
Ottawa. - Alice Girard, prominent nurs- 
ing leader, has been named to a five-man 
committee to select the 1967 recipient of 
the Award for Outstanding Achievement in 
the Public Service of Canada. She is the 
first woman to be so chosen. 
Miss Girard is dean of the Faculty of 
Nursing, University of Montreal, and presi- 
dent of the International Council of Nurses. 
She was a member of the Royal Commis- 
sion on Health Services in Canada, and 
this year received the Florence Nightingale 
Medal of the International Red Cross for 
her contributions to the nursing profession. 
Heads of all public service organizations, 
including the RCMP and the armed forces, 
have been asked for nominations for this 
highest award available to federal public 
servants. The award will be presented by 
the Governor-General at a ceremony at 
Government House early in December. It 
consists of a citation and an honorarium 
(Continued on page 12) 


OCTOBER 1967 




 


your 
Own 
hands: 


""" 


soft testimony to your patients' comfort 


Your own hands are testimony to Dermassage's effectiveness. Applied by your 
soft, practiced hands, Dermassage alleviates your patient's minor skin irritations 
and discomfort. It adds a welcome, soothing touch to tender, sheet-burned 
skin; relieves dryness, itching and cracking. . . aids in preventing decubitus 
ulcers, In short , Dermassage is "the topical tranquilizer", , . it relaxes the patient 
. , , helps make his hospital stay more pleasant. 
You will like Dermassage for other reasons, too. A body rub with it saves your time 
and energy, Massage is gentle, smooth and fast. You needn't follow-up with 
talcum and there is no greasiness to clean away. It won't stain or soil linens or 
bed-clothes, You can easily make friends with Dermassage-send for a sample! 


Now available in new, 16 ounce plastic container with convenient flip-top closure. 


..... 


....." 


, 


, 



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"'- ..- 



 

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MEDICATED 

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 64 Colgate Avenue. Toronto 8, Ontario 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 11 


OCTOBER 1967 



news 


(Colltillued from page 10) 


of $5,000. 
Chairman of the Committee to select the 
award is the Honorable John Valentine 
Clyne, chairman and chief officer of Mac- 
Millan Bloedel Ltd.. Vancouver. Other 
members of the Committee are: T. Norbert 
Beaupré, chairman of the board. Domtar 
Ltd., Montreal; Douglas V. LePan, princi- 
pal, University College, University of To- 


ronto; and Pierre Gendron, vice-president 
and director general, Canadian Breweries 
Eastern Division, Montreal. 


International Conference 
Discusses "New Families" 
Quebec. - Delegates from more than 30 
countries met August 27 to September 2 at 
Laval University for the 18th International 
Conference on the Family. It was a Con- 
vention for Couples - for the International 
Union of Family Organizations, the spon- 
soring body, has its reason for being in 
married couples and its business and theme 
is family life. 


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12 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


67-3 


The conference had an overall theme of 
"New Families in Society." According to 
Pierre Brien, coordinator for the confer- 
ence, new families encounter difficulties un- 
known to the previous generations. "They 
have to adapt themselves to new theories 
about the role of women in society, family 
planning, and the education of children and 
adolescents," he pointed out. "One of their 
most crucial problems is undoubtedly the 
use of credit. Through the conference, we 
hope we can encourage more active partic- 
ipation in family movements that can assist 
governments in establishing policies that are 
in line with the needs of families today," he 
said. 
Speakers and discussions centered on four 
main subjects: formation of new families; 
standard of living of new families; housing; 
and participation of new families in or- 
ganizations that will assist them to adapt 
to present-day society. 
American Dietetics Association 
Holds Fiftieth Anniversary 
Meeting in Chicago 
Chicago. - The fiftieth anniversary 
meeting of the American Dietetic Associa- 
tion was held, August 14 to 18, 1967. 
Among several sessions held during the 
week was a symposium on diet and heart 
disease, co-sponsored by ADA and the 
American Heart Association. Dr. James M. 
Hundley of the Presbyterian Medical Cen- 
ter, San Francisco, addressed the delegates. 
Co-sponsors with ADA for a symposium 
on Diabetes Education were the U.S. Public 
Health Service and the American Diabetes 
Association. Ester Peterson, assistant secre- 
tary of labor, reviewed the availability of 
manpower, with the emphasis on women, 
during a symposium on manpower. 
An exhibition consisting of 289 booths 
ran from August 15 - 17, with 195 food 
and service equipment companies represent- 
ed. 
The Illinois Dietetic Association was host 
for the meeting, which was honored by the 
proclamation of Nutrition Week in Illinois 
by Governor Otto J. Kerner. 
Conference for Editors 
of Nursing Journals 
New York. - A magazine's state of 
health can be gauged by its cir<:ulation and 
by the number of letters it receives from 
its readers, the editor of Nursing Times, 
Peggy Nuttall, told state bulletin editors at- 
tending a conference in New York City 
August 24 and 25. "If your circulation 
graph rises and the number of letters to 
the editor is on the increase, then your 
magazine is in a healthy state," Miss Nuttall 
said. "On the other hand, if both the 
number of subscribers and the letters to the 
editor remain the same or tend to drop. thr 
magazine's health is questionable." 
Miss Nuttall was one of several partic- 
(Continued Oil paRe 14) 


OCTOBER 1967 



Save hours of your time D 1 1 @ 
by replacing the enema with... U CO ax Suppositories 


, 


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..., 
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- 


Even modern enema equipment is cumbersome and time- 
consuming to assemble. Irrigation poles, bags, tubing, 
bedpans-all must be drawn from Central Supply, in- 
spected and brought to the bedside. It cuts into your valu- 
able morning time and becomes a real burden when you 
have several patients needing enemas. 
And, more often than not, your patients are distressed at 
the prospect of discomfort and loss of dignity-especially 
the elderly, the seriously ill, or postpartum and post- 
surgical patients. 


Dulcolax Suppositories offer a sure, simple way to elimi- 
nate the enema routine. One small suppository is inserted 
in seconds. You like the simplicity and convenience- 
patients are grateful to be spared the ordeal of an enema. 
Dulcolax Suppositories usually act in 15 minutes to I hour, 
so you can time evacuations and reduce accidents. You 
can finish the whole ward in less time, with less effort, 
less soiled linen. 


Dul CO lax (brand of bisacodyl) 
Du1colax Suppositories 10 mg 
Du1colax Suppositories for Children 5 mg 
Du1colax Tablets 5 mg 
OCTOBER 1967 


Boehringer Ingelheim Products 
Division of Geigy (Canada) Limited, Montreal 


8-5113-65 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 13 



by 
 ICJ
'(SI:I
 
THE SUPPORT STOCKING WOMEN RELY 
ON FOR COMFORT WITH A FASHION LOOK 


Supp-hose has steadily gained the loyalty of 
many Canadian women who buy it again and 
again because it provides the two factors 
wanted most in a support stocking: firm, two- 
way support that's attractively appropriate 
for street and dress wear. Recommend Supp- 
hose for a fashionable solution to mild vari- 


.Can. Pat. 57020t tT.M. Reg. 


14 THE CANADIAN NUKSE 


cosities and leg fatigue among women who 
spend many hours daily on thcir fcet: house- 
wives, nurses, teachers, waitresses, salesclerks 
.md hairdressers. YOur patients will doubly 
appreciate all-nylon Supp-hose Regular for 
its long-lasting wear and economy. 


Supp-hosê t Stockings 
bYi:"KAYSER 
fine produch of 
 Kayser-Roth of Canada 


news 


(Continued from page 12) 


ipants at the Conference, sponsored by the 
American Journal of Nursing Company in 
cooperation with the American Nurses' As- 
sociation. Others included Charles Ferguson, 
senior editor, Reader's Digest; John Peter, 
editorial staff, Look; and Barbara G. Schutt, 
editor, Grethchen Gerds, managing editor, 
and Thelma M. Schorr, senior editor, Amer- 
ican JourlUll of Nursing. Philip E. Day, 
executive director of the American Journal 
of Nursing Company. was conference chair- 
man. 
The editors of THE CANADIAN NURSE and 
L'INFIRMIÈRE CANADIENNE attended the con- 
ference. 


Voluntary Emergency Forces Gives 
1,000,000 Hours of Service 
Montreal. - Expo 67 will be long re- 
membered, not only for its magnificent 
buildings, art collections, theatrical produc- 
tions, and scientific wonders, but also for 
the millions of people from all over the 
world who visited the Expo grounds during 
1967. Interesting as they were, these mil- 
lions posed special problems of accident 
treatment and prevention, however, prob- 
lems that have been the special concern of 
a team of men and women from every 
province in Canada who have been on duty 
seven days a week, 17 hours a day, in 
teams of about 45 at a time, and at 9 differ- 
ent first aid posts throughout the grounds. 
The St. John Ambulance Association and 
Brigade has provided this extraordinary 
volunteer service. "While others prepare to 
celebrate our centenary, St. John prepares 
to serve in '67," said the organization's an- 
nual report of 1965. And serve it has. 
In addition to staffing nine Expo 67 first 
aid posts, the St. John Ambulance Associa- 
tion provided first aid coverage along the 
routes of the Centennial Train and the Cen- 
tennial Caravans, at the Pan American 
Games in Winnipeg, and at hundreds of 
exhibitions, sports events, and public gather- 
ings of all kinds. In short, the approximately 
11,000 members of the St. John Ambulance 
Brigade gave to Canadians almost one mil- 
lion hours in voluntary public service in 
the year. 
Around the world the St. John Ambu- 
lance Association offers first aid service in 
times of accident, sickness or disaster. An 
important part of its program is its training 
courses, not only in first aid, but also in 
home nursing and child care; across Canada 
last year. over 135,000 persons passed these 
courses. In its Save-A-Life artificial respira- 
tion classes, St. John expects to train at 
least 175,000 persons in 1967. This pro- 
gram, started in 1954, trained its one mil- 
lionth person last year. 0 


OCTOBER 1967 



names 


Loral A. Graham 
became editorial as- 
sistant for THE CANA- 
DIAN NURSE on Sep- 
tember 18, 1967. 
Mrs. Graham grad- 
uated from Carleton 
University with an 
honors degree in Eng- 
lish in 1966. She 
was employed by the National Research 
Council as information services officer be- 
fore joining the editorial staff of the jour- 
nal 
Mrs. Graham replaces Carla D. Penn, who 
has left the staff to travel abroad. 


.... 


- 


Nicole Beaudry- 
Johnson recently join- 
ed the editorial staff 
of L'infirmière cana- 
dienne. 
A graduate of I'Hô- 
pital Maisonneuve in 
Montreal, Mrs. Beau- 
t-' dry-Johnson obtained 
a bachelor's degree in 
education and nursing from l'lnstitut Mar- 
guerite d'Youville. She then studied public 
relations at McGill University. 
Before teaching obstetrics at the Hôtel- 
Dieu in Saint-Jerome, Quebec, she worked 
as a general duty nurse in Vancouver and 
Montreal. She also worked as an airline 
hostess, as translator for an advertising 
agency, and as a member of the editorial 
staff of Les caMers du nursing. 
Mrs. Beaudry-Johnson replaces Michèle 
Dutrisac-Kilburn, who recently left the 
journal staff. 


' Replacing Ramona 
Papla.skas - Ramunas, 
who recently left the 
staff of L'infirmière 
Canadienne, is Nicole 
Choquette- Blais. 
A graduate of the 
University of Ottawa, 
Mrs. Blais was presi- 
dent of the students' 
ossoclatIon of the department of dietetics 
and home economics in 1965-66. Previous 
to accepting her present post, she spent a 
year as assistant editor of the women's and 
social pages of Ottawa's Le Droit. 


Dr, Amy Griffin will spend three months 
in India this year on an assignment for the 
World Health Organization. 


OCTOBER 1967 


Dr. Griffin, presently professor of nurs- 
ing at the University of Western Ontorio. 
is a graduate of the Hamilton General 
Hospital. She obtained a certificate in nurs- 
ing education and a bachelor or arts degree 
from the University of Toronto, and an 
M.Sc.N. degree from Wayne State Univer- 
sity in Detroit. She attended Teachers Col- 
lege, Columbia University. on an Alumnae 
Fellowship to study for her doctoral de- 
gree. 
Dr. Griffin, who has had wide experi- 
ence in nursing education, will advise on 
the organization and content of courses in 
nursing education at the University of Pun- 
jab's College of Nursing in Chandigarh. She 
wiII also investigate the feasibility of start- 
ing a master's program in 1970. 


Sister M. Virginia 
is the new director of 
St. Mary's Hospital 
School of Nursing, 
Kitchener, Ontario. 
A graduate of St. 
Joseph's Hospital in 
Hamilton, Ontario, 
Sister attended the 
University of Western 
Ontario and obtained a diploma in nursing 
education. She completed the hospital or- 
ganization and management course spon- 
sored by the Canadian Nurses' Association 
and the Canadian Hospital Association in 
1964 and received a certificate in hospital 
administration. In 1967 she graduated from 
St. Francis Xavier University with a 
B.Sc.N. degree. 
Sister Virginia remained at St. Joseph's 
Hospital until 1964, attaining the posItIon 
of director of the school of nursing. 
In 1964 she moved to St. Mary's Hospi- 
tal in Kitchener, first as area supervisor, 
then as director of nursing service. 
Sister assumed her new duties in June, 
1967. 


A graduate of the 

 Mack Training School 
. . for Nurses, Sylvia J. 
· Brough, is principal 
of the new Mock 
School of Nursing of 
St. Catha rines, On- 
tario. 
t Miss Brough holds 
a certificate in clini- 
cal supervision in surgical nursing from the 
University of Toronto, and a baccalaureate 
degree from the University of Western On- 
tario. In 1966, she obtained a master's de- 


gree in nursing from Boston University. 
The Mock School of Nursing is one of 
Ontario's new regional schools. Ninety stu- 
dents are enrolled in the fall class schedul- 
ed to begin this September. Five area hos- 
pitals will participate in its program by pro- 
viding clinical facilities for the students. 


The Saskatchewan 
Institute of Applied 
Arts and Sciences, 
Saskatoon, has an- 
nounced the appoint- 
ment of Jean Byam 
, to the position of as- 
sistant director of its 
school of nursing. 
A graduate of the 
Royol Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Miss 
Byam received a B.Sc.N. degree from the 
University of Saskatchewan. She served 
overseas during World War II, return- 
ing to Canada to hold the positions of 
charge nurse of a surgical ward, and oper- 
ating room supervisor. Prior to her pres- 
ent appointment, she spent nine years as 
clinical coordinator at the Saskatoon City 
Hospital. 


'w 
 
. -
 

 
\ 
 " i-.... 
Phyllis H. Baker Yvonne Chapman 


Phyllis H. Baker and Yvonne Chapman 
have been appointed nursing consultants 
with the Saskatchewan Hospital Association. 
Miss Baker, a graduate of the Atkinson 
School of Nursing, Toronto Western Hos- 
pital, holds a B.ScN. and a diploma in 
teaching and supervision in schools of nurs- 
ing from McGill, and a certificate from the 
advanced course in operating room techni- 
que and management from The Montreal 
General Hospital. She is the 1958 winner 
of the operating room scholarship from the 
Toronto Western Hospital. 
The new nursing consultant has worked 
as clinical instructor in the operating room, 
and postgraduate clinical instructor in 
charge of the advanced course in operating 
room technique and management at The 
Montreal General Hospital. In 1963, she 
became director of the centralized teaching 
program in Saskatoon, a position she held 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 15 



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IS IN THE 

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it moulds itself to the shape of your 
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But that's not all: 
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foot. Now White Cross scientific 
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16 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


At better shoe stores across Canada. 


news 


until accepting her present post on July I, 
1967. 
Miss Chapman graduated from Victoria 
Hospital in Halifax, Nova Scotia. She re- 
ceived a diploma in administration of hos- 
pital nursing service from the University of 
Saskatchewan in 1962 and her B.Sc.N. from 
McGill in 1967. 
Miss Chapman was a public health nurse 
in British Columbia and Saskatchewan be- 
fore becoming head nurse at Victoria Union 
Hospital in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, 
and director of nursing at the Rosthern 
Union Hospital, Rosthern, Saskatchewan. 
Before attending McGill in 1966, she served 
as supervisor of nursing service at the Re- 
gina General Hospital. 


Elisabeth E. Hartig 
recently was appoint- 
ed assistant superin- 
tendent of nursing 
education for the Sas- 
katchewan Depart- 
ment of Education. 
A graduate of the 
Royal Victoria Hos- 
pital School of Nurs- 
ing in Montreal, Miss Hartig received a 
B.Sc.N. degree from the University of 
Western Ontario in 1952. In 1964 she was 
awarded a master of nursing degree from 
the University of Washington. 
Miss Hartig spent 10 years in India as a 
missionary nurse before returning to Can- 
ada to teach clinical nursing at the Royal 
Alexandra Hospital in Edmonton. She di- 
rected the Saskatoon Center of Saskatche- 
wan's centralized teaching program from 
1961 until 1963, when she became medical- 
surgical coordinator at University Hospital 
in Saskatoon. Before accepting her present 
position in July 1967, she was assistant pro- 
fessor of nursing education at the Univer- 
sity of Western Ontario, London, Ontario. 


Dr. C.H. Skitch is retiring as medical 
superintendent of Douglas Hospital, Ver- 
dun, Quebec. 
Dr. Skitch graduated from the Universi- 
ty of Alberta and joined the Douglas Hos- 
pital staff in 1931. He was certified in 
psychiatry by the Royal College of Phy- 
sicians and Surgeons of Canada in 1945. In 
1963 he became medic:1I superintendent of 
the hospital. 
Replacing Dr. Skitch as medical super- 
intendent is Dr. C.H. Cahn. 
Dr. Cahn began his medical studies at 
Oxford and graduated from the University 
of Toronto Medical School in 1945. He re- 
turned to England for postgraduate studies 
in psychiatry and joined the Douglas Hos- 
pital staff in 1951. 0 


OCTOBER 1967 



Selecting a Physics Text for next semester? 


 
1'l 


Before making a final decision. consider 
the text most frequently adopted for 
in "Physics" in Schools of Pro- 
Nursing. 

 , 


courses 
fessional 



 
;-.... --- 

 


_. - 
-_....
 


AN 


INTRODUCTION 


Here is the first text in its subject area to correlate the basic 
concepts of physics as they apply to actual nursing and medical 
situations. In its completely updated new 5th edition it can assist 
you, more than ever before, in helping your students apply the 
basic aspects of physics while caring for the sick, performing 
therapeutic procedures, and using medical apparatus. Unlike other 
texts which present purely theoretical discussions of physics, this 
book compiles concepts that are related to the nurse's experi- 
ence - and presents them in easily understood, direct termino- 
logy. 
Now, with the ßid of this new 5th edition, you can help your 
students grasp the importance of recent advances in the use of: 


New 5th Edition! 


Flitter 
NURSING 


IN 


radioelements and radio-isotopes in clinical medicine; newer ap- 
paratus and therapeutic procedures; artificial kidneys; ultrasonic 
fetal heart monitors; ßnd thermography for diagnosis. 
Give your students the best possible opportunity to keep pace 
with the growing importance of physics in nursing - select 
the New 5th Edition of AN INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS 
IN NURSING for your required text next semester. 
By HESSEL HOWARD FLITTER, R.N., Ed.D., Assistant D...n and Professor, 
College of Nuning, University of Kentucky. Publication date: October, 1967. 
5th edition, approx. 240 pages, 7 1 /4" x 1 Oljzll, 111 illustrations. About 
$5.95 


Two New Supplementary Texts for your Course in Medical-Surgical Nursing 


A New Book! 


NURSING CARE 
OF THE CANCER PATIENT 


Furoishes the student with the knowledge and understanding 
necessary for the efficient and effective care of patients with 
cancer. Covers pathology and physiological aspects of the di- 
sease and the various pooses of prevention, detection, diagnosis, 
therapy, and rehabilitation. 
By ROSEMARY BOUCHARD, A.B., A.M., Ed.D., R.N. Publication date: Nov- 
ember, 1967. Appro... 274 pages, 6 1 12" .. 91f.", 85 figures. About $8.95. 


A New Book! NURSING CARE OF 
THE PLASTIC SURGERY PATIENT 


Any student aspiring to become an O.R.N. should be exposed to 
this valuable new guidebook. encompassing surgical techniques, 
preoperative and postoperative nursing care, and the plßstic 
surgery patient's psychological needs and how to meet them. 
By DONALD WOOD-SMITH, M.D., F.R.C.S.E.; and PAULINE C. POROWSKI, 
R.N. Publication da'.: November. 1967. Approx. 450 page., 61jz'" x 9Ijz.', 
247 illustrations. About $13.50. 


THE C. V. MOSBY COMPANY, LTO 
PUblishers 
86 Northline Road. Toronto 16, Ontario 
 


OCTOBER 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 17 



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18 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


dates 


October 8-11, 1967 
Community Planning 
Canada, Centennial 
Planning Conference, 


Association of 
Year National 
Ottawa. 


October 19-21, 1967 
First reunion of graduates of the Mc- 
Gill School for Graduate Nurses, 
Montreal. For further information 
write Moyra Allen, Acting President 
of the Alumnae Association, School 
for Graduate Nurses, 3618 University 
Street, Montreal 2, P.Q. 


October 21, 1967 
Eleventh Annual Symposium on Re- 
habilitation, sponsored by Rehabilita- 
tion Foundation for the Disabled and 
Ontario Society for Crippled Children, 
Inn-on-the-Park, Toronto. Write: Dr. D. 
A. Gibson, Suite 1028, 123 Edward 
Street, Toronto 2, Ontario. 


October 21-22, 1967 
60th Anniversary Reunion, Holy Cross 
Hospital School of Nursing, Calgary, 
Alberta. 


October 21-22, 1967 
Catholic Hospital Conference of On- 
tario, Annual Meeting, King Edward 
Hotel. Toronto. 


October 22-25, 1967 
Ontario Hospital Association, Annual 
Meeting, Royal York Hotel, Toronto. 


October 24, 1967 
Joint annual meetings of Canadian 
Heart Foundation and the Canadian 
Cardiovascular Society for Nurses in- 
volved with coronary care units. 
Queen Elizabeth Hotel, Montreal. 


October 24-27, 1967 
Regional Workshop for Directors of 
Nursing Service in Hospitals. Conduct- 
ed by the Canadian Nurses' Associa- 
tion. Location: School of Nursing, Re- 
gina General Hospital, Regina, Sas- 
katchewan. 


October 25-27, 1967 
Annual Convention of Alberta Hospi- 
tal Association, Northern Alberta Ju- 
bilee Auditorium, Edmonton. 


October 26-27, 1967 
Operating Room Seminar, sponsored 
by the Northern Alberta Operating 


Room Nurses' Study Group. Northern 
Alberta Jubilee Auditorium, Edmon- 
ton, Alberta. 
October 30 - November 2, 1967 
Institute on Operating Room Manage- 
ment (Advanced Program), conducted 
by the American Hospital Association, I 
840 North Lake Shore Drive, Chica- 
go, Illinois. 


November 7-9, 1967 
9th Annual Meeting Operating Room 
Nurses of Montreal. To be held at 
Skyline Hotel, 6050 Côte de Liesse, 
Montreal, P.Q. 


November 13-17, 1967 
Nursing Conference on Patient Be- 
havior, sponsored by Registered Nur- 
ses' Association of Ontario. Inn-on- 
the-Park, 1100 Eglinton Ave. E., To- 
ronto. 


November 16-17, 1967 
ANPQ Annual Meeting, Chateau 
Frontenac, Quebec City. 


November 26 - December 1, 1967 
20th Annual Meeting of the World 
Federation for Mental Health, Lima, 
Peru. 


December 4-6, 1967 
First Canadian Conference on Hospi- 
tal-Medical Staff Relations, sponsored 
jointly by the Canadian Medical As- 
sociation, Canadian Hospital Asso- 
ciation, Canadian Nurses' Association, 
Seigniory Club, Montebello, Quebec. 


January 25-27, 1968 
Royal College of Physicians and Sur- 
geons of Canada, annual meeting, 
Royal Alexandra Hotel, Winnipeg, 
Manitoba. 


July, 1968 
Canadian Nurses' Association General 
Meeting to be held in Saskatoon, 
Saskatchewan. 


Au
ust 25-31, 1968 
5th International Congress of Physical 
Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hotel, 
Montreal, Quebec. Fee: $40 for para- 
medical personnel. For information, 
write: Dr. Bernard Talbot, Secretary 
General, 5th International Congress 
of Physical Medicine, 6300 Darling- 
ton Ave., Montreal, Quebec. 


OCTOBER 1967 



Today's teenagers: 
the emotional ravages 
of acne may now be a 
thing of the past 


, 



 


The tragedy of acne touches all of us, either 
personally or through friends. Acne is the 
curse of growing up, the heritage of puber- 
ty, an extra cross to bear through years of 
emotional change and insecurity. Every 
year it scars thousands of adolescents, many 
of them for life. 
Some learn to live with acne blemishes. 
Some don't, because acne can affect psy- 
chological development, too. It can choke 
confidence, cause embarrassment and self- 
consciousness. 
Teachers know that the popular and out- 
going student, the one who has interests 
outside of class, is a better student and will 
probably earn better marks. But the acne 
sufferers tend to avoid dates. They are 
reluctant to "show their faces". The result 
is a loss of confidence. 
Now this may all be changed. Recent 


OCTOBER 1967 


research has developed a chemical com- 
bination that works effectively in clearing 
acne-ridden skin. Clinical studies indicate 
that about eight out of every ten acne cases 
can be either completely cleared or sub- 
stantially improved. For a long time, this 
compound was available only in the clinics 
where the research was taking place. But 
now it is commercially available, although 
it can be used only under a doctor's direc- 
tion and is obtainable only under pre- 
scription. 
The point is simple and obvious. Now acne 
sufferers need not "grow out of" acne. If 
you have acne, see your doctor. If you 
know someone who has acne, tell him to 
see his doctor. Now there is effective 
treatment. 


-published as a public service by FraOk W. 
Horner Limited. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 19 



in a capsule 


Whose problem 1 
Last year, 189 suicides were recorded in 
Metropolitan Toronto. Similar statistics 
exist in most other Canadi'Jn cities. Even 
now that suicide has reached epidemic pro- 
portions in our country and is listed by the 
World Health Organization as among the 
to leading causes of death, next to nothing 
is being done to halt its spread. 
Appalled by Toronto's c.allous attitude 
toward suicide, Eric LeBourdais. in an ar- 
ticle in Toronto Life, points out that "the 
people who could and should be dealing 
with the problem have been unable to get 
together to decide whose problem it is. 
Some say it's the psychiatrist's problem. . . . 
Some say it's the medical doctor's. . . . Some 
say it's the social worker's problem or the 
clergy's. The end result of all the confusion 
ond conflict is that the individual and the 
community suffer." 
In a personal experiment to discover what 
sort of help a severely depressed person 
could expect in Toronto, Mr. LeBourdais 
tried, on two different nights, to get help 
for a mythical aunt who he pretended was 
deeply distraught and badly in need of pro- 
fessional help. He failed. 
"Starting around midnight one Sunday, I 
oalled the emergency departments of 17 
Toronto general hospitals, mental hospitals, 
and mental clinics," Mr. LeBourdais says. 
"At the Queensway General Hospital I was 
referred to St. Joseph's Hospital and Lake- 
shore Psychiatric Hospital. SI. Joseph's told 
me they didn't have any emergency psy- 
chiatric service. Lakeshore Hospital said 
that it had no emergency service and only 
took referrals from family doctors. 
"The Toronto General, Wellesley, St. 
Michael's, Mt. Sinai, E.ast General, West 
General, Northwestern, Women's College, 
Humber Memorial and Scarborough Gener- 
al Hospitals gave answers like: "We only 
take referrals from doctors." "There is no 
psychiatrist on night duty." "We don't have 
beds for emergency psychiatric cases." 
"At the Ontario Hospital on Queen 
Street. .. I was told to call the next day 
and make an appointment. . . . At the Clark 
Institute. " someone obviously in charge 
told me they had "no way of treating her." 
At the East York and Scarborough Mental 
Health Clinics, there was no answer. 
Seventeen tries, seventeen strikeouts. - 
Toronto Life, April, 1967. 


Bananas for sale 
Hippies claim it was the biggest hoax 
they ever played. But while hippies laughed, 
the banana industry flourished, and the U.S. 
Food and Drug Administration tested. 


20 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


After dried banan.a peels were "smoked" 
by a laboratory device for more than three 
weeks, the FDA stated that .'no detectable 
quantities of known hallucinogens" had 
been found in dried banana peel and con- 
centrated banana juice. 
The FDA turned on its "smoking ma- 
chine" - a series of tubes and retorts that 
trap smoke - after getting reports that 
dried scraping from banana peels were 
being smoked for their hallucinogenic ef- 
fect. 
Anyone interested in a basement full of 
bananas? 


"A very important place bed" 
Leave it to our British colleagues to 
find the humor in that most common of 
all pieces of hospital equipment - the bed. 
Elizabeth Anstice, writing in the July 14, 
1967, issue of Nursing Times, began by 
pointing out the importance of bed: "All 
the important things in life happen in bed; 
well for most people they happen in bed 
anyway - don't get me wrong, I mean 


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things like being born and dying. Come to 
that you will probably spend more of your 
life in bed than any other single place. A 
very important place bed." 
"Hospitals," she goes on to 93Y, "realize 
the importance of beds. They only talk 
about the patient being the center of the 
hospital service. The bed is the real star 
of the show. I mean, whoever heard of a 
four-patient cubicle or a 20-patient ward, 
which would be logical after all. It's 01- 
ways a four-bed cubicle, a 20-bed ward. 
"In fact some hospitals even go so far 
as to talk of having X beds - so many 
male and so many female. RGther touching. 
I may be naive, but what is the difference? 
How can they tell? Or is it only other beds 
who can tell? Perhaps there is a logical 
sequence to it - male bed, female bed, 
double bed, maternity bed, then litters of 
cots, which in turn grow up to be children's 
beds, then adult, full-grown male and fe- 
mGle beds themselves." 
Suddenly the idea of a 20-patient ward 
sounds extremely uncomplicated. D 


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) 
"'- 


"Feeding that troop must keep their den mother busy" 


OCTOBER 1967 



Colored charts of the 
female reproductive system. .. 
free 


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We would like to send you a set of anatomical 
drawings of the female reproductive system. They 
include illustrations of the changes that occur 
during the menstrual cycle. These classic draw- 
ings in color by R. L. Dickinson, M.D., are lami- 
nated in plastic for permanent use as an aid in 
explaining pelvic anatomy to patients; suitable for 
grease-pencil use and erasure. 
And to help you in your instruction, we offer 
two booklets: one with answers to questions young 
girls may, or would like to ask, and the other, for 
older girls, explaining menstruation and its place 
in a woman's life. 
If you will fill out the coupon, we will be happy 
to provide you, free, with a set of the anatomical 
charts, professional samples of Tampax tampons 
and sample copies of the booklets for your evalua- 
tion. You may then order as many free booklets 
as you need. 
Tampax tampons help reduce the aversion that 
many girls and women feel toward menstruation. 
Users experience none of the irritation and chaf- 



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tampons virtually abolish menstrual odor, a 
source of embarrassment for many women. And 
they are hygienic-easy to insert, to wear, and to 
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Tampax tampons are available in Junior, Reg- 
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new products 


{ 


Descriptions are based on information 
supplied by the manufacturer and are 
provided only as a service to readers. 


Mycostatin 
(SQUIBB) 
Description - An antifungal antibiotic 
with activity against a wide variety of 
yeasts and yeast-like fungi. Mycostatin 
vaginal tablets provide an acceptable, well- 
tolerated and safe mycological cure. 
Indications - Local treatment of vagi- 
nal mycotic infections caused by Candida 
albicans. In both pregnant and non-preg- 
nant women, the tablets offer an effective 
and painless control of such troublesome 
and unpleasant symptoms as itching, in- 
fI.ammation, and discharge commonly as- 
sociated with monilial vaginitis. 
For information on administration, dos- 
age, and adverse reactions write for the 
free booklet from E.R. Squibb & Sons Ltd. 
2365 Cote de Liesse Rd., VilIe St. Laurent, 
Montreal 9, Quebec. 


Pre-Op 
(DAVIS & GECK) 
Description - A sterile. disposable, tex- 
tured surgical scrub sponge made of poly- 
urethane and impregnated with a three per- 
cent hexachlorophene antibacterial soap. It 
has the advantage of being less abrasive, 
contains its own surgical soap - which 
does away with dispensers - and is individ- 
ually sterile-wrapped to avoid accidental 
cross-contamination. 
Pre-Op surgical scrub sponges are pack- 
aged in disposable dispenser cartons, thus 
reducing maintenance and re-sterilization 
procedures. Each sponge contains sufficient 


J 'I 
l
 
ro-op' 


I 


-- 


,'. 


... 
>t-,. 
 


22 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


ingredients for a IO-minute scrub, and the 
flexible construction follows contours of 
the skin and prevents overscrubbing. 
For further information write to Cyana- 
mid of Canada Limited, 635 Dorchester 
Blvd. West, Montreal 2, Quebec. 


Indocid 
(MERCK SHARP & DOHME) 
Description - Indocid (indomethacin) is 
a non-steroid drug that has anti-inflamma- 
tory, analgesic, and antipyretic activity. Un- 
like corticosteroids. it has no effect on pi- 
tuitary or adrenal function. 
Indications - Effective in the treatment 
or rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid (anky- 
losing) spondylitis, gout. It is also effective 
in the treatment of those cases of severe 
osteoarthritis, including degenerative joint 
disease of the hip. not responding to treat- 
ment with other drugs such as salicylates. 
Contraindications - It should not be 
given to patients with active peptic ulcer, 
gastritis, regional enteritis, or ulcerative co- 
litis, and should be used with caution if 
there is a history of these disorders. Indo- 
methacin is contraindicated in acetylsalicyl- 
ic acid sensitive asthmatics. The safety of 
Indocid for use during pregnancy or lacta- 
tion has not been established. It should not 
be prescribed for children because safe con- 
ditions for use have not been established. 
For a copy of the recently revised Direc- 
tion Circular containing adverse reactions. 
warnings, dosage and administration, write 
to Merck Sharp and Dohme of Canada 
Limited. P.O. Box R99, Montreal 3. Quebec. 


Microlax 
(PHARMACIA) 
Description - A new disposable micro- 
enema containing tribasic sodium citrate, 
sorbitol, sodium lauryl sulphoacetate, and 
a small amount of glycerin. 
Indications - Constipation in rectum 
and sigmoid colon; constipation during preg- 
nancy; encopresis, coprostasis; constipation 
associated with confinements or surgery; 
and as a preliminary to rectoscopic and sig- 
moidoscopic examinations. 
Dosage - Adults and children: Rectal 
application of the contents of one tube. 
Bowel evacuation follows usually 5 to 20 
minutes after the administration of Micro- 
lax. One drop of the contents of the tube 
suffices for lubrication of the nozzle. 
For further information write: Pharma- 
cia (Canada) Ltd., 110 Place Cremazie, 
Suite 412, Montreal, Quebec. 



 


- 




 


Easygrasp 
(STERllON) 
Description - A disposable enema ad- 
ministration unit designed to look, handle 
and function like a standard reusable stain- 
less steel unit. The 2,000 cc. graduated high- 
density polyethylene container can be held 
by the Easygrasp handle, suspended on an 
IV stand or placed on a table. A vented 
container cover eliminates sloshing or spil- 
ling of the contents of the container while 
it is being carried to the bedside. 
Because it is disposable after use, it 
eliminates the danger of cross contamina- 
tion and infection. The EC-21 is offered 
clean in a polyethylene bag and is packaged 
12 units to a case. 
For further information write to Sterilon 
of Canada, Ltd.. a subsidiary of the Gil- 
lette Company, R36 Rangeview Road, Port 
Credit, Ontario. 


Kenalog-Im 
(SQUIBB) 
Description - Kenalog-Im (triamcino- 
lone acetonide aqueous suspension) is a 
new anti-allergy preparation intended for 
depot intramuscular administration in those 
allergies. dermatoses. and arthritides or 
other connective tissue disorders that are 
benefited by systemic corticosteroid ther- 
apy. It provides prolonged, precise control 
of alIergy symptoms for 14 to 28 days with 
a single intramuscular injection. 


OCTOBER 1967 



I new products 


Indications - Intramuscular administra- 
tion is indicated when systemic corticoster- 
oid therapy is indicated in such conditions 
as allergic diseases, dermatoses. or general- 
ized rheumatoid arthritis and other connec- 
tive tissue disorders. Intramuscular admin- 
istration is particularly valuable in such 
conditions when corticosteroid therapy is 
not feasible. Kenalog-Im may also be given 
by intra-articular. intrabursal. or intra ten- 
dinous injection in the treatment of inflam- 
matory conditions of joints. bursae, tendon 
sheaths or ganglia when symptoms are 
severe enough to require higher-than-usual 
dosage. 
In the management of generalized arthrit- 
ic disease. the intra-articular injection of 
triamcinolone acetonide is intended to sup- 
plement other conventional therapeutic 
measures. For localized conditions, such as 
traumatic arthritis or bursitis, intra-articular 
administration may be the sole therapy re- 
quired. 
Contraindications - Corticosteroids are 
contraindicated for patients with active tu- 


berculosis, herpes simplex of the eye, and 
acute psychoses. They are relatively con- 
traindicated in the presence of active peptic 
ulcer. acute glomerulonephritis, and infec- 
tions that cannot be controlIed by antibio- 
tics. The use of steroids in patients with 
myasthenia gravis may aggravate myasthen- 
ic symptoms and should therefore he given 
with proper precautions. Corticosteroids are 
not recommended for pregnant patients par- 
ticularly during the first trimester, except 
when the disease for which they are indi- 
cated is very severe. 
Precautions - Patients undergoing ster- 
oid therapy of any nature should be kept 
under close clinical supervision, and the 
possibility of severe reactions must be kept 
in mind. If reactions should occur, appro- 
priate corrective measures should be insti- 
tuted and use of the steroid discontinued. 
For further information. contact your 
Squibb representative or send for a com- 
plete technical brochure to E.R. Squibb and 
Sons Ltd. 2365 Côte de Liesse Rd., Ville SI. 
Laurent. Montreal 9, Quebec. 


Literature Available 
The first issue of Diagnoslica, a peri- 
odical devoted solely to medical diagnosis, 


has been published by Ames Company, 
Division Miles Laboratories Ltd.. Rexdale. 
Ontario. Appearing in seven different lan- 
guage editions, Diagnoslica reports advances 
in pre-symptomatic detection, diagnosis, 
and management of disease and metabolic 
disorder. 
It is the first medical journal devoted 
solely to diagnosis in the practice of medi- 
cine. Each issue will describe new diag- 
nostic concepts and practices and review 
established procedures. 
The periodical is being distributed world- 
wide to physicians as welI as to the 
libraries of medical schools, hospitals. and 
nursing schools. 
Each issue will include an article of 
major importance and a guest article by an 
authority in a field such as urology, hema- 
tology. or pathology. The first issue con- 
tains a major article "Lipid Metabolism in 
Diabetes" and a guest article on infectious 
hepatitis. Topics scheduled for future issues 
include "Azotemia," "Early Confirmation 
of Pregnancy" and "Gout and the Uric Acid 
Level." 
Diagnoslica will be published by the Ames 
Company in English, French. German. Ita- 
lian, Spanish, Portuguese, and Japanese edi- 
tiOOL 0 


, 


... 


. 


... 



 


>; 


-- 


\ 


\ 


Three thousand years of testing 
by a highly qualified panel of experts 
endorses the value of sugar in baby formulae 


It's a controllable weight-builder and energy 
source. It's easily digested, inexpensive, pure, 
readily available and easy to use. In reason- 
able quantities it is good for babies. 


They have liked it for three thousand years 
and still do. If you'd like to know more about 
sugar send for an illustrated copy of our 
brochure, "The Story of Sugar": 


Canadian Sugar Institute 
408 Canada Cement Building, Phillips Square, Montreal, P.Q. 


OCTOBER 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 23 



I 

1 


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24 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Ì1 


'I 
I 
ç 


When the 
call is for IIStat. II 
diagnostic findings 


. . . you can rely on AMES tests for immediate 
results in which you can have the utmost 
confidence. For example: 


LABSTIX. Reagent Strips: provide the broadest urine 
screening possible from a single reagent strip test; you get 
5 basic uro-analytical facts in 30 seconds-pH; protein; 
glucose; ketones (acetone and acetoacetic acid). and occult 
blood. The new firm, clear, plastic reagent strip permits 
precise, reproducible readings in all 5 diagnostic areas. 


DEXTROSTIX. Reagent Strips: provide a blood glucose 
determination in just 60 seconds with only one drop of 
capillary blood. DEXTROSTIX is invaluable in diabetic 
screening and management, and in emergency situations 
such as differential diagnosis of diabetic coma. This 
"true-glucose" method is also useful in a variety of clinical 
situations where rapid and accurate blood glucose 
estimations are needed. 


CLiNITEST. Reagent Tablets-provide a quick, reliable, 
quantitative estimate of urine sugar. Testing with 
CLiNITEST has special significance for the hard-to-control 
diabetic, the newly diagnosed patient, or in diabetes when 
insulin, other medication or diet is being adjusted. 


Reliable Reproducible Results 
AM ES tests are easy to perform and require no elaborate 
laboratory apparatus. They are designed to provide depend- 
able clues to abnorm31 condition5 when rapid findings are 
necessary. Re3gents employed in each strip are precisely 
controlled to provide uniformity in composition. Accurate, 
reliable reproducible readings are thus assured. Ready inter- 
pretation of results is permitted through the precise matching 
of colour changes observed after testing. with colour charts 
provided for each determination. AM ES diagnostic aids save 
time, money and space. Moreover they prove of material 
assistance to physicians by helping to recognize patients 
who need immediate care, further study, or more extensive 
diagnostic procedures. 


Ames Company of Canada, Ltd. 
Rexdale. Ontario. 


@ 


AlVlea 


>Reglstered Trademarks 


CAM-OJ366 


OCTOBER 1967 



For some years, registered or licens- 
ed psychiatric nurses have provided the 
bulk of nursing care in psychiatric in- 
stitutions in Canada's west. Registered 
nurses east of Manitoba have been 
aware of this practice, but have paid 
little attention to it; their western col- 
leagues, on the other hand, have be- 
come increasingly concerned about 
these health workers, their educational 
background, preparation, and future 
role. 
A group of psychiatric nurses, most 
of whom have been trained and regis- 
tered in the west, now have formed an 
association in Ontario. This association 
is asking for legal recognition for its 
group by means of an additional regis- 
ter, and for the establishment of 
schools of nursing for psychiatric 
nurses. It presented its demands before 
the public at a press conference, in a 
brief to the Ontario government, and 
in a submission to the Registered 
Nurses' Association of Ontario. A com- 
mittee of the RNAO presently is stu- 
dying the proposals set forth in the 
submission. 
An examination of this registered 
psychiatric nurse issue is overdue. To 
remain silent at this point is to give 
the impression that we have no interest 
in or beliefs about the nursing care the 
mentally ill should receive or the ed- 
ucational preparation that should be 
required of persons giving such care. 
Met the need in the 30s 
Specialized programs to train psy- 
chiatric nurses have been offered by 
provincial mental hospitals since 1931 
in British Columbia, 1933 in Alberta, 
about 1937 in Manitoba, and 1947 in 
Saskatchewan. Many of these programs 
evolved from two- or three-year 
courses that were given to attendants 
who provided a custodial type of care. 
As custodial care for mentally ill per- 
sons gãve way to actual treatment, 
there was a demand for the attendants 
to have additional skills. Consequently, 
the number of hours spent in formal 
instruction increased. 
Eventually, the psychiatric nurses - 
as they came to be called - realized 
the value of becoming organized and 
formed provincial associations. Legal 
recognition followed with the passing 
of psychiatric nurses' acts by provin- 
vial legislatures, beginning with Sas- 
katchewan in 1948. 


OCTOBER 1967 


That these psychiatric nurses have 
made a considerable contribution over 
the years cannot be denied. In the 
1930s, when the stigma of mental ill- 
ness precluded its acceptance, even by 
doctors and nurses, they provided care 
in large, isolated institutions that at- 
tracted few registered nurses. Today, 
approximately 3,000 registered psy- 
chiatric nurses, who undoubtedly are 
attracted to their vocation by the same 
humanitarian motives that aUract reg- 
istered nurses to theirs, are providing 
care in mental institutions as well as 
in community treatment programs. 
A question to be answered 
The question that must be answered, 
is this: Should this pattern of psychia- 
tric nursing education be perpetuated 
in the western provinces and started 
in the east? In other words, does this 
type of program provide the educa- 
tional preparation that is necessary for 
nurses who care for the mentally ill? 
Logic says - no. 
Two main reasons exist for advocat- 
ing a phasing-out of the present pro- 
grams for registered psychiatric nurses. 
The first is based on the premise that 
mind and body are an entity and can- 
not be compartmentalized and treated 
separately. To refute this is tantamount 
to refuting the "treat the patient as a 
whole" concept. Just as a nurse who 
cares for a patient with regional ente- 
ritis must be able to recognize his vul- 
nerability to a stressful environment 
and know how to reduce it, so the 
nurse who cares for a patient with a 
psychosis must be able to recognize 
untoward physical symptoms and know 
how to cope with them. 
It is true that programs for psychia- 
tric nurses do include some lectures 
and clinical experience in medical, sur- 
gical, and emergency nursing. Our 
contention is, however, that a basic 
nursing program should encompass all 
areas of study and should not be 
weighted in any particular area. Spe- 
cialization in a given area should fol- 
low, not be part of, this basic program. 
The second reason, akin to the first, 
is based on the recent trend toward an 
integration of psychiatric and general 
health services. This concept of integra- 
tion was recommended by both the 
1964 Royal Commission on Health 
Services and the Canadian Mental 
Health Association, in its 1967 sub- 


EDITORIAL I 


mission to the federal government. If 
this trend continues, and there is every 
reason to believe it will, more psychia- 
tric units will be included in general 
hospitals and small, regional psychia- 
tric hospitals will be set up adjacent 
to general hospitals. 
When the persons who are most 
knowledgable about health services in 
this country have recommended a com- 
ing together of psychiatric and physic- 
al medicine, it seems illogical for nurs- 
ing services in these two areas to re- 
main separate. The Royal Commis- 
sion on Health Services recognized 
this incongruity and stated: "With the 
recommendations we have made res- 
pecting the need to integrate the psy- 
chiatric and general health services 
(particularly the care of psychiatric pa- 
tients in general hospitals), we believe 
that the need for the separate program 
for psychiatric nurses in the four west- 
ern provinces will disappear. Special 
programs should be set up and finan- 
cial assistance provided to enable qu
- 
lified psychiatric nurses (R.P.N.) to 
qualify for and obtain the Registered 
Nurse (R.N.) licence." 


Long-term goals needed 
Short-tenn goals and expedient solu- 
tions wiU not solve the dilemma of 
having too few qualified nurses to care 
for mentally ill patients. Instead, we 
need realistic, long-term goals that wiH 
encompass future, as well as present 
needs. 
One goal should be to phase out 
registered psychiatric nurse programs. 
Supplementary courses to enable quali- 
fied graduates of these programs to 
qualify for the RN diploma already 
are being offered by three of the reg- 
istered nurses' associations in the west. 
The fourth, Manitoba, hopes to set up 
a similar course in the near future. 
The inclusion and integration of 
more basic psychiatric concepts 
throughout the basic curriculum should 
be considered a second goal. This 
would give all patients a real chance of 
receiving total care. 
A third goal, whose attainment rests 
with all nurses, is the recruitment of 
registered nurses into the psychiatrië 
field. And the first logical step would 
be to find out why more RNs are not 
attracted to this type of nursing. 
- V.A.L. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 25 



The "rag and bottle" method of 
anesthesia is fast fading and, for the 
adult, anesthesia is losing its terrors. 
Not so for the child, however. Nurses 
must remember that anesthetizing a 
child is stilI a potentially dangerous 
situation, and the child is more suscep- 
tible than the adult to anesthetic acci- 
dents. 
Obviously, a child's anatomy and 
physiology differs from an adult's in 
many ways. This is a major factor 
in considering anesthetic care. Essen- 
tially, the respiratory, cardiovascular, 
and excretory systems are not fully 
developed. During periods of stress, 
the respiratory and cardiovascular 
reserves are not available, so the 
child's lungs and heart must work 
harder than the adult's. 


Definite differences 
The respiratory system has several 
major differences. The respiratory rate 
is faster and the air volume smaller in 
a child than in an adult. The ribs are 
horizontal and there is little movement 
during inspiration; by the sixth month 
they have descended, but do not con- 
tribute to pulmonary ventilation until 
the fifth year. Ventilation in the infant 
and young child depends upon dia- 
phragmatic action and this muscle is 
restricted by the bulky abdominal 
organs of the child. 
Tht: tracheo-bronchial passages are 
narrow and easily obstructed, and, 
therefore, respiratory embarrassment 
may occur quickly. This can result 
26 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Children 
and anesthesia 


Several factors make the child more prone than the adult to anesthetic accidents. 
Nurses caring for children should be aware of the important psychological and 
physical differences. 


Nancy Kingsley 


from one of several causes: rapid 
breathing that exhausts the child; a 
large anatomical dead space that cau- 
ses inefficient breathing; or a turbulent 
flow of air in the respiratory tract 
that is, in itself, obstructive in char- 
acter. Minor obstructions can be 
easily overlooked or discounted, lead- 
ing to a drain on the child's reserves. 
Clinical signs and symptoms 
anxiety, dyspnea, tachycardia, and, in 
the later stage, cyanosis - are indi- 
cations of respiratory embarrassment. 
The inability of a child to blow 
his nose or clear his throat properly 
may permit nasal secretions to accu- 
mulate in the post-nasal regions. Dur- 
ing induction of anesthesia, when 
proper position and relaxation of the 
palatopharyngeal region is essential, 
these secretions may drip into the 
nasopharynx and stimulate coughing. 
Because of structural limitations, 
the depth of each inhalation is re- 
stricted. The tidal volume and func- 
tional residual air volume are smaller 
compared to lung volume. 
The cardiovascular system of the 
child is strong and dependable. The 
normal child has a strong heart. The 
blood volume is 7.5 to 8.5 percent of 


Mrs. Kingsley, a third year student at the 
Victoria Hospital, London, Ontario, prepared 
this paper during her operating room ex- 
perience. She acknowledges the help of 
James A. Bain, M.D., Department of 
Anesthesiology, Victoria Hospital, London. 


the body weight. During the first few 
months of life, there is a sharp fall 
in the hemoglobin level, the lowest 
point being reached at age three 
months. This has significance if 
surgery is anticipated at this time. 
Because of the smaller volume of 
circulating blood, even a seemingly 
small blood loss will affect the 
percentage of blood volume in a young 
child. 
Peripheral vascular constriction is 
evident during early infancy, directing 
blood flow to the central vessels, there- 
by maintaining blood pressure and a 
good oxygen supply to the vital organs. 
However, collapse may occur with lit- 
tle warning after even a small hemor- 
rhage as there is no reserve. 
The blood pressure of a child is 
variable and difficult to measure be- 
cause of the smallness of the arm and 
decreased intensity of sound. 
In the infant, the pulse rate varies 
from 120 to 200 beats per minute in 
the first year and decreases gradually 
with age. The pulse rate of the anes- 
thetized child varies from 80 to 180 
beats per minute. In the early stages 
of hypoxia, the heart rate increases 
rapidly, but a slow rate may be an 
indication of severe hypoxia. 
The renal system matures early - 
between the tenth and twentieth weeks. 
The antidiuretic hormone does not 
control the child's excretory system as 
efficiently as it does in the adult, 
however, and the ability to concentrate 
and dilute urine is decreased. The 


OCTOBER 1967 



rate of water exchange is three times 
greater than in an adult; this rapid 
turnover causes the child to be more 
susceptible to dehydration or over- 
hydration. Also, there is greater body 
surface relative to body weight, so 
loss of fluid may occur more rapidly 
in the child than in the adult. 
The heat regulating system is not 
fully matured and the lack of body 
fat allows heat to be easily lost by 
conductivity. It is undesirable to have 
body temperature rise, since this in- 
creases the oxygen requirements and 
loss of fluids via the respiratory sys- 
tem or skin. 


Preoperative preparation 
The purpose of care during the 
preoperative period is to prepare the 
child, both physically and emotionally, 
to withstand the effects of anesthesia 
and surgery. 
Although the child mayor may not 
express it, he probably has some fear 
of surgery. A child faces fear of the 
unknown and the future, fear of leav- 
ing home, and fear of not knowing 
on whom to call for comfort and as- 
sistance. 
Prevalent in the one- to three-year- 
old is fear plus anxiety. Lacking the 
powers of concentration and reason- 
ing, he is unable to understand hos- 
pitalization. Most children over three 
can - and should - have the opera- 
tive procedure explained to them and 
be prepared for impending postopera- 
tive discomfort. If adequate prepara- 
tion is made, some psychic trauma is 
avoided. 
A child's favorite toy and visits from 
parents can help to alleviate the 
strangeness of the environment. A 
visit by the anesthetist and surgeon in 
the presence of the parents helps to 
reassure the child. 
When the anesthetist and nurse con- 
sider pediatric anesthesia, the total 
care, safety, and comfort of the child 
are of concern. Careful preoperative 
assessment is essential, and with the 
use of laboratory tests a child's condi- 
tion can be better evaluated. For in- 
stance, a hemoglobin below 10 grams 
per 100 milliliters would indicate a 
need to postpone elective surgery. A 
detailed history listing previous anes- 
OCTOBER 1967 


thetics, any drug allergies, or recent 
therapy with drugs is essential and 
may affect the choice of anesthetic. 
Preoperative evaluation of the res- 
piratory system is essential. All general 
anesthesia is dependent on a clear sys- 
tem. Nasal hygiene is particularly es- 
sential in the preparation for surgery. 
A significant preoperative factor is 
close supervision of normal fluid and 
electrolyte balance, because the safety 
margin in children is small. The child 
takes in and excretes more water by 
weight than does the adult because the 
basal heat production is twice as high 
in infants as in adults and there is 
a greater body surface area in propor- 
tion to body weight. 


./ 


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. 


.-
 


" 


"'- 


,
 


Since the daily turnover of water is 
half of his extracellular fluid, any fluid 
loss or lack of fluid intake depletes 
the child's extracellular fluid supply. 
The nurse's notes on intake and out- 
put and the temperature record often 
aid the anesthetist in determining 
whether or not the child is dehydrated. 
Before surgery, food and fluid by 
mouth must be withheld for a given 
period. Solid food and milk should be 
withheld for six hours, but the practice 
of withholding fluids after midnight 
for late morning surgery should be 
avoided. Infants may have clear fluids 
by mouth up to two to three hours 
before surgery and any child over 
two years can drink up to four hours 


II 


.. C 
. \ 



, 


Understanding is the one essential in 
pediatric a11l!sthesia. Here the author 
chats with a young patient who is ready 
and relaxed before his surgery. 
THE CANADIAN NURSE Xl 



before surgery. No child under eight 
should be without clear fluids and a 
glucose supplement for more than six 
hours preoperatively. A supply of car- 
bohydrate is essential to ensure ade- 
quate storage of glycogen in the liver. 
The safest and easiest way to give 
fluids to children is by mouth. 


Preoperative medication 
Surgical preparation of the child in- 
cludes the ordering of preoperative 
medication. Several drugs are avail- 
able to the anesthetist. The pre-opera- 
tive medication should help allay fear 
and apprehension, decrease respiratory 
tract secretions, reduce the amount of 
anesthesia needed, and decrease un- 
desirable reflex activity. 
The decision to use medication pre- 
operatively and the choice of medi
a- 
tion is based upon the preoperatIve 
effect, the effect at the time of induc- 
tion, and the postoperative effects. 
Sedation with barbiturates relieves 
apprehension and induce
 relaxati<?n, 
but provides no analgesIc propertIes 
and may cause preoperative excite- 
ment. Secobarbital is the most widely 
used barbiturate, and, when it is given, 
a child can be awakened easily after a 
general anesthetic. This is especially 
important following a tonsillectomy to 
minimize aspiration of blood. 
The belladonna alkaloids - atro- 
pine and scopolamine-reduce salivary 
and mucous secretions. Not only does 
the atropine reduce secretions, but it 
also has a protective action on cardiac 
and bronchial reflexes because of its 
action on the autonomic nervous sys- 
tem. 
The narcotic drugs - morphine sul- 
fate and meperidine hydrochloride 
(Demerol) - are used mainly as anal- 
gesics, but they also decrease the 
amount of anesthetic needed. These 
drugs may cause nausea, vomiting, and 
respiratory or circulatory depression. 
Preoperative medication must be ad- 
ministered at the correct time to alle- 
viate apprehension before the child 
leaves the ward and to ensure optimal 
effect at the time of induction of anes- 
thesia. 


In the OR 
The choice of anesthetic agent and 
method of administration depend upon 
the anesthetist's preoperative assess- 
ment of the child, age, weight, and 
operative procedure. Almost any of the 
anesthetic agents and most techniques 
applicable to the adult can be modified 
for pediatric anesthesia, providing the 
anatomical and physiological differen- 
ces are kept in mind. Inhalation using 
ether is still the most common pe- 
diatric procedure, however. 
Induction should be carried out with 


28 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


a mlmmum of apprehension, crying, 
and struggling. If the child is asleep, 
the induction can be carried out with 
a mixture of nitrous oxide and oxygen 
flowing over the face. 
If the child is over two years of 
age and cooperative, a pentothal in- 
duction is excellent. The key to induc- 
tion of the wakeful, apprehensive, 
older child is distraction. 
Endotracheal intubation is not al- 
ways essential, but is indicated for ab- 
dominal, thoracic, head, and neck sur- 
gery. It is also essential if a clear 
airway cannot be maintained with a 
mask. 
The four main principles of pedia- 
tric endotracheal technique are: sur- 
gically clean equipment, avoidance of 
oversized endotracheal tubes, gentle- 
ness in manipulation, and prevention 
of excessive movement of the tube 
after placement. 
Laryngoscopes and endotracheal 
tubes must be the correct size to avoid 
trauma to the upper respiratory tract. 
Such complications as hoarseness, 
laryngeal edema, laryngospasm, and 
obstruction of the tube may occur. 
Therefore, intubation must be carried 
out with care and only when indicated. 
Before extubation a catheter may be 
passed into the respiratory tract to 
remove secretions. Prolonged suction 
should be avoided since it may pro- 
duce laryngospasm and anoxia. To 
avoid laryngeal spasm, extubation 
should take place either while the 
child is deeply anesthetized or after 
return of pharyngeal reflexes. If the 
stomach is full, the child should have 
complete return of pharyngeal reflexes 
before extubation. Indications of laryn- 
geal spasm are croupy cough and deep 
sobbing inspirations. More often, ex- 
tubation occurs after the patient has 
coughed. 
The use of muscle relaxants in pe- 
diatric anesthesia is another potentially 
dangerous area. They often contribute 
to respiratory complications and rarely 
are used unless an endotracheal tube 
is already in place. Nurses should rec- 
ognize that complications can occur 
in the postoperative stage. 
Hypothennia is fairly widely used 
in pediatric anesthesia for some neuro- 
surgical and cardiovascular procedures. 
The physiological factors involved be- 
cause of the child's poor heat regulat- 
ing mechanisms make it essential that 
the cooling process be carefully con- 
trolled. 
Local anesthetics are not often 
used for major surgical procedures in 
children as patient cooperation is 
usually required. Constant reassurance 
and supportive care is necessary. Local 
anesthetics are used for surgical pro- 
cedures on newborn infants. 


Postoperative anesthetic 
responsibilities 
Careful observation during the im- 
mediate postoperative phase is imper- 
ative. Pulse and respiration are taken 
every 15 minutes until stable. Com- 
pare with preoperative rates. Respira- 
tory depression is unusual and should 
be checked. Air passages should be 
clear; the child is usually positioned 
on his abdomen to permit secretions 
to drain and the tongue to fall for- 
ward. 
Vomiting during the recovery period 
is not unusual; it generally involves 
only a small amount of fluid secretions 
and is not troublesome. When there 
is inadequate time for preparation and 
the child has a full stomach, then vom- 
iting is a major problem. 
The child often exhibits a flushed 
face following anesthesia; tbis may be 
due to the anticholinergic effects of 
the atropine or scopolamine, to the 
effects of ether, or to dehydration. 
There is no real need for tight, 
heavy bedclothes on the postoperative 
bed; a light, loose blanket to prevent 
chilling is sufficient. Bedside equip- 
ment should include pediatric laryngos- 
copes and endotracheal tubes as well 
as routine blood pressure apparatus, 
suction equipment, and tongue depres- 
sors. 


Bibliography 
Adriani, John. Anesthesia for infants and 
children. Amer. J. Nurs. August 1964, 
p. 107-110. 
Dripps, Robert D., Eckenoff, James E., and 
Vandam, LeRoy D. Introduction to 
Anesthesia. 2d ed. Philadelphia, W.B. 
Saunders Company, 1961. 
Goulding, Erna J. and Koop, C. Everett. 
The Newborn - his response to surgery. 
Amer. J. Nurs., October 1965, p.84-87. 
Laycock, John D. Introduction to Anesthe- 
tics. London, Lloyd-Luke, 1961. 
Marlow, Dorothy R. and Sellew, Gladys. 
Textbook of Pediatric Nursing, 2d ed. 
Philadelphia. W.B. Saunders Company, 
1965. 
Mosely, Fred H. Textbook of Surgery, 3d 
ed. St. Louis, C.V. Mosby Company, 
1959. 
Nelson, Waldo E. Textbook of Pediatrics. 
8th ed. Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders 
Company, 1964. 
Shannon, D.W. Pediatric Anesthesia I - 
factors affecting safety of the child. 
Nurs. Times, March 13, 1964, p.332-334. 
Shannon, D.W. Pediatric Anesthesia II - 
factors affecting the safety of child. 
Nurs. Times, March 20, 1964, p. 366-368. 
o 


OCTOBER 1967 



Since ancient times, family planning methods have mingled all kinds of 
superstition with techniques that were amazingly effective, considering they were 
based on fragmentary knowledge of the human reproductive system. 


Contraceptive 
. 
practices 
past and present 


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, I, Isabel C. Milton 
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Throu1 h the ages, man has sought 
to c ntre I human fertility. Although 
many 0 his methods have changed, 
his basic reasons for striving to find 
an ef"_ctive method are the same to- 
day dS they were some five thousand 
ye
ls ago: to limit the size of his 
.amily, and to prevent the over-pop- 
ulation of the community in which he 
lives. 
This article outlines some of the 
practices used by past generations to 
control fertility and examines more 
recent developments in contraceptive 
methods. 


A lack of knowledge 
Prior to the middle of the nine- 
teenth century, the nature of concep- 


OCTOBER 1967 


tion was a mystery. Spermatozoa in 
human seminal fluid had been ob- 
served by Anthony Van Leeuwen- 
hoek, the Dutch microscopist, in 1677; 
a year later, their movement and ap- 
pearance were described by Christian 
Huygens. However, the manner in 
which conception took place was not 
understood until 1843, when T. Barry 
observed the cellular origin of the 
union of sperm and ovum. 
Mrs. Milton. a graduate of the Atkinson 
School of Nursing, Toronto Western Hos- 
pital, has a diploma in neurological and 
neurosurgical nursing from the Montreal 
Neurological Institute and Hospital. She is 
presently working toward the bachelor of 
arts degree at Sir George Williams Univer- 
sity in Montreal, Quebec. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 29 



Without this knowledge, many 
contraceptive practices employed in 
the past were based on superstition 
and erroneous beliefs. For example, 
one such belief, held by the Chinese 
around 1100 B.C., was that a woman 
would not conceive if she remained 
passive during sexual intercourse, and 
thought of unrelated matters; another 
was -that excessive motion of both 
partners would prevent conception. 
Still another belief that attained pop- 
ularity in Egypt and in certain parts 
of Europe was that the swallowing of 
a castor bean by a woman would 
prevent conception for a year. 
The rhythm method 
The search for a "safe" period 
during the menstrual cycle has been 
a lengthy one. The Abelians, in the 
early days of Christianity, had sex- 
ual intercourse only on those days 
that coincided with menstruation. The 
Masai men, on the other hand, be- 
lieved that their wives were fertile 
when a certain tree was in bloom, and 
avoided them at that time. 
Hippocrates believed that the "safe" 
time was prior to the menses, since 
he assumed that the menstrual period 
coincided with the period of ovulation. 
Other authorities concluded that the 
safest period was during the middle 
of the cycle, which, of course, is the 
most fertile time. 
Many false leads were followed un- 
til 1930, at which time D. Ogino in 
Japan and B. Knnaus in Austria dis- 
covered that ovulation occurs 12 to 16 
days before the onset of menstruation. 
Their finding is the basis of the 
modern rhythm method of birth con- 
trol. Sexual intercourse is avoided 

hen the woman is likely to be ovulat- 
mg. 
One of the major difficulties with 
the rhythm method is that ovulation 
in many women is not really rhythmic. 
It is influenced by such factors as 
tension or simple fatigue. In India, 
for example, the drive of Nehru's 
government to control the birth rate 
through use of the rhythm method 
failed, since the peasant women, be- 
cause of their exhausting chores and 
lack of nourishing food, usually had 
irregular menstrual cycles. 


Coitus interruptus, reservatus 
and saxonicus 
Coitus interruptus - the withdraw- 
al of the stimulated penis from the 
vagina before ejaculation - is one 
of the oldest contraceptive techniques. 
Reference is made to it in the Old 
Testament when On an supposedly 
spilled his seed on the ground, being 
unwilling to have a child by his 
brother's widow. 


30 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


The use of coitus interruptus has 
declined somewhat in recent years. 
probably because of the development 
of more effective means of contracep- 
tion. Also, this technique has been 
criticized for causing nervous tension 
in both partners. 
Coitlls reservatus, a contraceptive 
method that never achieved popularity, 
was practiced by members of the 
Oneida community, a religious society 
established in New York State in 
1847. Coitus is completely controlled 
so that even after prolonged union, 
ejaculation does not take place. The 
climax is intentionally avoided, the 
erect penis being allowed to subside 
naturally before it is withdrawn from 
the vagina. 
Coitus saxonicus is described by 
Sanskrit writers as a procedure where- 
by pressure was applied to the base 
of the penis as ejaculation started. 
This resulted in the regurgitation of 
the semen into the male bladder, to 
be excreted later during urination. 
Surgical methods 
Various forms of surgical steriliz- 
ation have been used throughout the 
centuries. Castration probably is one 
of the oldest methods. As early as 
1100 B.C., Chinese palace attendants 
were castrated, either as a punitive 
measure or to discourage them from 
having sexual relations with the I m- 
perial concubines. The Romans further 
incapacitated their slaves by attaching 
a ring or clasp to the penis, thus pre- 
venting sexual intercourse entirely. 
Male sterilization in modern times 
consists of a surgical procedure to 
interrupt the continuity of the vas 
deferens - a simple, reliable tech- 
nique that does not alter normal sex- 
ual drive or potency. If impotency 
follows this procedure, as occasionally 
rep
rted, it is always psychologic in 
ongm. 
The female of early times endured 
surgery and mutiliation, as well as the 
feminine form of infibulation - the 
chastity belt. Oophorectomies were 
well known to the ancient Egyptians 
as a method of preventing conception, 
and the spaying of women in Central 
Australia was described as late as 
1893. 
The present surgical route to femin- 
ine sterility consists of the tying of the 
Fallopian tubes. In Canada, this usual- 
ly is recommended only for women 
with serious physical and/or mental 
disabilities, for whom a pregnancy 
would be unwise. 
Condom 
The condom's history dates back to 
ancient times, when it was used mainly 
to prevent infectious disease. It is 


known that early Egyptian males used 
a sheath made out of animal mem- 
branes, such as the cecum of a lamb 
or sheep, for this purpose. The 
Chinese used sheaths of oiled silk 
paper. As recently as 30 years ago, 
women in Dutch Guiana used seed 
pods with one end snipped off as a 
vaginal condom. 
The word "condom" was in com- 
mon usage by 1717, and may have 
originated from a Dr. Condom who is 
purported to have made one for King 
Charles the Second. By this time con- 
doms were serving a dual purpose: 
protection against disease and preven- 
tion of pregnancy. They were being 
manufactured from the dried gut of 
sheep by the end of the eighteenth 
century . 
The vulcanization of rubber in 1843, 
along with legal regulations for rigid 
quality testing, has made the modern 
condom a relatively secure and esthe- 
tic form of contraception. 
Measures to occlude cervix 
Various devices to occlude the cer- 
vix have long been used as measures 
of contraception, often in combina- 
tion with a spermicidal agent - or 
what was believed to be a spermicidal 
agent. 

 Plugging of the upper vagina with 
sponges or other mechanical bar- 
riers was known as a contraceptive 
measure as early as 1500 B.c. Wo- 
men in both ancient India and Asia 
used small balls or wads of feathers 
as occlusive agents, inserting them 
shortly before sexual intercourse. The 
ancient Talmudists used sponges, 
grown in the local waters, as blocking 
and absorbing agents. During the 
eighteenth century, French upper- and 
middle-class women added alum as an 
astringent and spermicide to their 
vaginal sponges. 
Fine-grained rubber or plastic 
sponges have been substituted for the 
natural sea sponges in recent years. 
For added safety, the sponge usually 
is smeared with a contraceptive jelly 
or cream before insertion. 
An ancient Egyptian type of pes- 
sary, made of crocodile dung and 
honey, appeared in various guises for 
almost 3,000 years. These pessaries 
sealed the entrance to the uterus if in- 
serted properly. 
Writings from Mesopotamia around 
527 A.D. reveal that a cup-shaped 
barrier fashioned from a pomegranate 
was used to fit over the cervix. The 
ancient Chinese and Japanese, on the 
other hand, discovered that small, 
oiled discs of silky paper placed 
against the cervix were effective con- 
traceptive measures. 
In 1880, a London chemist named 
OCTOBER 1967 



Rendell evolved and distributed a pes- 
sary that contained quinine. This 
achieved immediate popularity in Eng- 
land. By the turn of the century, Ren- 
dell's pessaries were being distributed 
and sold throughout the world. Today, 
the Rendell firm continues to manu- 
facture pessaries, but has replaced the 
quinine with other substances. 
A few years after Rendell's success, 
a German doctor, Wilhelm Mensinga, 
popularized the vaginal diaphragm - 
a rubber cup that closes off the upper 
portion of the vagina including the 
cervix. To ensure safety, a spermicidal 
cream was added before sexual rela- 
tions. 
The vaginal diaphragm attained 
popularity in North America around 
1920. It is still one of the commonly 
used methods of contraception. 


Douching and fumigation 
Primitive people also used various 
douching solutions to prevent concep- 
tion. The early Egyptians used douch- 
ing along with fumigation as a con- 
traceptive measure. The woman sat 
astride a burner to receive spermicidal 
fumes before coitus, and douched 
afterward. Fumigation prior to coitus 
was practiced for two thousand years 
as a spermicide before eventually be- 
ing replaced by spermicidal vaginal 
tablets, suppositories, creams and jel- 
lies. 
Today, the douche as a contracep- 
tive measure is almost obsolete. It is 
used after coitus mainly as a hygienic 
measure. 


Intrauterine contraception 
The principle of intrauterine con- 
traception is not new. For several 
centuries Arabian and Turkish camel 
drivers have prevented pregnancy in 
their animals by inserting a small stone 
into the uterine cavity.* 
The modern pioneer in this method 
of contraception was Dr. Graefenberg 
of Germany, who inserted silkworm 
and silver rings into the uterine cav- 
ities of his patients around 1920. The 
device proved effective, but was not 
enthusiastically received at that time. 
Several types of intrauterine con- 
traceptive devices are now available. 
The Margulies coil, the Lippes loop, 
and the Birnberg Bow are all made 
from polyethylene and contain barium 
sulfate to make them radiopaque. 
Each is available in various sizes. The 
Hall-Stone ring is made from coiled, 
stainless steel wire, while the Zipper 
ring, another type, is made from nylon 


* F.R. Doerffer, "Intrauterine Contracep- 
tion." Counselling in Family Planning, Tor- 
onto. Ortho Pharmaceutical Co.. 1966. 


OCTOBER 1967 


thread. Each device has its own in- 
serter; when tailless devices are used, 
an extractor is needed. 
The Lippes loop owes its popularity 
to its easy insertion and removal, and, 
more importantly, to the nylon threads 
that hang outside the cervix to allow 
the woman to be certain the device is 
in place. One Canadian gynecologist, 
Dr. c.A. Douglas Ringrose, reports 
that many women are changing from 
contraceptive pills to the Lippes loop. 
He claims that the protection afforded 
by each method is about equal, and 
that side effects experienced when the 
loop is used are fewer and of a minor 
nature. His study included 800 women 
who were using the Lippes loop. 
The pill 
For centuries, mankind has dreamed 
of an oral contraceptive and has 
searched the world over, examining 
the properties of plants, potions, and 
metals. The vogue in China in 2736 
B.c. was for the woman to swallow 
quicksilver. The ingestion of lead in the 
Middle Ages caused lead poisoning, 
while castor beans were swallowed in 
Europe and the Middle East. 
rhe structure ot the temale sex hor- 
mone, progesterone, was first deter- 
mined by German and American in- 
vestigators in 1934. By 1937, A.W. 
Makepeace and his co-workers had 
demonstrated that the pure hormone 
suppressed ovulation in rabbits. Study 
of this hormone was not pursued again 
until 1951, because it was believed 
that the hormone was inactive if ad- 
ministered orally. In 1951, Drs. Pin- 
cus and Chang reconfirmed the finding 
that rabbits, when given progesterone, 
do not ovulate. Since a female who 
does not ovulate cannot conceive, con- 
traceptive possibilities were seen for 
the hormone. Dr. John Rock, in the 
United States, joined the experimen- 
ters. He administered progestin (syn- 
thetic progesterone) in daily doses for 
20 successive days of each menstrual 
cycle to a sample of women. One hun- 
dred percent postponement of ovula- 
tion resulted. 
A final study in Puerto Rico con- 
firmed the former findings, and the 
United States Food and Drug Adminis- 
tration approved the marketing, for 
contraceptive purposes, of the first ster- 
oid, Enovid, in May, 1960, and the 
second, Ortho-Novum, in February, 
1962. 
Another type of oral contraceptive 
therapy is available today. This treat- 
ment consists of one estrogenic pill 
taken daily for 14 days, followed by 
the progestational agent daily for 6 
days. This regime is said to mimic the 
normal female cycle almost perfectly. 
The future promises even better 


things: contraception achieved by one 
pill or one injection per month. 


Conclusion 
Contraceptive measures have been 
with us since the beginning of time. It 
is only recently, however, that real ad- 
vances have been made in their appli- 
cation and effectiveness. With further 
research, it is likely that we will see 
even greater progress in the next de- 
cade. 


Bibliography 
Beck. R.P. Synthetic progestational com- 
pounds. Can ad. Nurs. 61: 953 - 955, Dec. 
1965. 
Eichner. Eduard. Progestins. A.J.N. 65: 78- 
81. Sept. 1965. 
Finch, B.E., and Green, H. Contraception 
Through the Ages. London, Peter Owen, 
1963. 
Fortier, L. The role of hormones in gyne- 
cology. Canad. Nurs. 61: 815-817, Oct. 
1965. 
Fryer, P. The Birth Controllers. London, 
Seeker and Warburg, 1965. 
Himes, N.E. Medical History of Contra- 
ception. New York, Gamut Press, Inc., 
1963. 
Rock, John. The Time Has Come. New 
York, Alfred A. Knopf, 1963. 
Schleisner. K.M. A study of intrauterine 
contraceptive devices. A.J.N. 66:2469: 
2470, Nov. 1966. 
Solloway, A. Birth Control and Catholic 
Doctrine, Boston. Beacon Press. 1941. 0 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 31 



By 1960, sufficient transplantations 
had been performed between identical 
twins to establish that this procedure 
should be successful in every instance. 
From 1959 to 1963, allografts (grafts 
between two individuals of the same 
species) of human kidneys were re- 
ported with increasing frequency in 
the lay press, and, with less melo- 
drama but still often prematurely, in 
the medical literature - the limited 
success still being regarded with awe 
or disdain by either type of reader, 
depending on his disposition. 
Since 1963, larger series of such 
allografts have been studied at six 
to ten main centers on this continent 
and in Europe. Results have been suf- 
ficiently impressive that the popular 
press, no longer able to amaze us with 
the "miraculous" nature of early res- 
ults, now tantalize us with the pathos 
of the "brief reprieve." Even this 
perspective is changing. The figures 
for "percentage surviving with good 
kidney function" at one year is 65 
percent for kidneys from live blood 
relatives and 40 percent at one year 
for randomly matched cadaver kid- 
neys. 
The basic problem is immunolog- 
ical. Foreign proteins (antigens) from 
the graft may be released into the 
host whose reticuloendothelial and 
lymphatic systems recognize the pro- 
tein as foreign and mount an im- 
mune response. The cellular proteins 
responsible for this stimulation are 
termed "histocompatibility antigens." 


32 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Present status of 
renal transplantation 


Results of kidney transplants have been sufficiently impressive that the popular 
press, no longer able to amaze us with the "miraculous" nature of early results, 
now tantalize us with the pathos of the "brief reprieve." Even this perspective is 
rapidly changing. 


I.B. Dossetor, M.D., Ph.D., F.R.C.P. (c) 


These antigens are present in all cells 
of the body except unnucleated red 
blood cells. They are specific for each 
individual. The ability to type human 
histocomptability antigens is the most 
pressing single need in human allo- 
graft research today. 


The immune reflex 
The immune response is a reflex 
with afferent, central, and efferent 
portions. A schematic representation 
of the arc is seen in Figure 1. The 
simplicity of this concept should not 
be allowed to obscure the ignorance 
that still exists concerning it. It is 
not known how, or in what form, 
histocompatibility antigens of a renal 
transplant (or allograft) are received 
throughout the reticulo-Iymphatic sys- 
tem of spleen and lymph nodes. It is 
clearly established, however, that large 
lymphocytes develop in lymphoid or- 
gans after an organ allograft and that 
lymphocytes invade the organ during 
rejection. 
There are two ways of interfering 
with this immunological reflex. The 
first and most desirable method has 
not been produced intentionally in 
man to date. By this method, specific 
inhibition of response is induced only 
to antigens of the graft, leaving other 


Dr. Dossetor is Director of Renal and 
Urological Research and Assistant Physician 
in the Department of Medicine at Royal 
Victori.;} Hospital. Montreal, and Assistant 
Professor of Medicine and Experimental 
Surgery at McGill University, Monreal. 


responsiveness intact. This amounts to 
inducing specific "tolerance." The 
second method, which is the one used 
clinically, produces generalized inhi- 
bition of response to all antigens 
through the use of agents that produce 
total immune repression. Such agents 
in use today include azathioprine 
(Imuran), Actinomycin, prednisone, 
cyclophosphamide, and, more recently, 
antilymphocyte serum. 
Human renal allografts 
The present phase of human renal 
transplantations began when Schwartz 
and Dameshek found that immune 
responses were inhibited by 6-mercap- 
topurine. Soon afterward, CaIne and 
Murray showed that renal allograft 
survival could be prolonged in the 
dog; later, the team at Peter Bent 
Brigham Hospital completed similar 
experiments for man. 
Early reports indicated that success 
was likely only in live blood-related 
kidney transplants. Later, it was dem- 
onstrated that comparable success 
may occur when special care is taken 
to obtain functioning kidneys from 
suitable cadaver donors. When acute 
renal failure occurs in this latter case, 
hemodialysis can be used to main- 
tain the recipient until diuresis occurs, 
days or weeks later. 
Ethical considerations 
Experience at the Royal Victoria 
Hospital has been with cadaver kidney 
transplants. The decision to limit trans- 
plants to cadaver kidneys is based 
OCTOBER 1967 



on the serious ethical considerations 
involved in removing a normal kidney 
from a healthy person. We still have 
to face the medicolegal question of 
the definition of the moment of death. 
It is curious that there is only one 
definition, in law, and that is "when 
a duly qualified doctor says a patient 
is dead." More scientific criteria, based 
on electroencephalograms and other 
objective measurements, are needed 
urgently to avoid even a minute of 
avoidable delay as well as a minute 
of premature action. 
Short notice 
Many donors have been vIctIms of 
traffic accidents and are unconscious. 
Permission to remove the kidneys is 
obtained from the next of kin and 
the coroner before any preparations 
are made. The surgical teams must 
be prepared to begin work at any 
time, and operating room facilities 
must be available on short notice for 
three operations - removal of two 
kidneys from a recently deceased 
donor and transplantation of a kidney 
into two recipients. 
The recipients are called on short 
notice from wherever they have been 
staying during their twice-weekly he- 
modialysis program. Usually they have 
had both their diseased kidneys re- 
moved some months earlier; if not, 
these are removed at the same time as 
implantation. As a tribute to the 
innate sense of human brotherhood, 
it should be recorded that permission 
to use kidneys of a close relative, 
after the latter's death, has been re- 
fused only twice in over 40 occasions. 
When a live donor is used, a very 
careful assessment is needed: normal 
renal function must be determined, 
an aortogram must be taken to rule 
out the presence of abnormal vessels, 
and a thorough psychological exam- 
ination must be given. Not all moti- 
vation to donate is acceptable, par- 
ticularly if based on a desire to expiate 
guilt, or when pressure has been 
exerted by others. Women in the child- 
bearing period also are excluded. 
After transplantation 
The regimen of drugs used in dif- 
ferent centers includes azathioprine 
(Imuran), Actinomycin, and corticos- 


OCTOBER 1967 


teroid. Changes in drug dosage are 
frequent in the first three months; 
after this time, the dose of azathio- 
prine is maintained as high as possi- 
ble to avoid toxicity, whereas corti- 
costeroids are reduced gradually and 
even discontinued, when possible. Ad- 
ditional measures, such as thymec- 
tomy, splenectomy, irradiation of the 
transplanted kidney, irradiation of peri- 
pheral blood, or irradiation of thoracic 
duct lymph, are used as adjunctive 
therapy by most centers. 
Various parameters of renal function 
and evidences of rejection are mea- 
sured daily. Changes in these functions 
are contrasted with evidence of drug 
toxicity and complications of the 


Cushiongoid state. Careful medical 
supervision is necessary to control hy- 
pertension, urinary infection, and 
urinary obstruction or leakage. Viral, 
bacterial and fungal infections óccur 
readily in oropharynx, lungs and else- 
where. 
Rejection of the transplant is de- 
tected by changes in the size and 
consistency of the allograft, fever, 
development of acidosis, oliguria, as 
well as by decreasing renal function 
and return of azotemia. Episodes of 
rejection are treated with local x-irra- 
diation to the graft and increased 
doses of corticosteroid. 
Most rejections can be completely 
reversed if treated promptly and vig- 
orously. Some will be completely ir- 


SOME FACTORS IN HOMOTRANSPLANT REJECTION 


HOST 
@)
lt.:- 

BDDlæ ) 
W 


1) GENETIC IDENTITY 
2) INDUCED "TDLERANCE" 


4) PARTIAL SUPPRESSION DF R.E. SYSTEM 
(X-RAYS. CHEMDTHERAPY, UREMIA ETC.) 


Figure 1 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 33 



reversible, in which case the kidney 
must be removed. The patient then 
goes back on hemodialysis and can 
be given a second transplant later. 


Present perspectives 
The fundamental justification of the 
present management of human renal 
allografts rests in the fact that the 
activity of rejection decreases after 
the first three months, allowing a 
gradual but marked reduction of drug 
dosage, without deterioration of renal 
function. This, in turn, means that 
undesirable immune supression to 
other antigens can be removed and 
immunological protection against viral 
and bacterial assaults restored. 
It is not known why nor how this 
ease of control comes about. It is 
possible that some degree of selective 
and specific tolerance to the foreign 
proteins may have been achieved. In 
animals, tolerance to protein may be 
brought about by the use of intra- 
venous antigen injections, together 
with 6-mercaptopurine injection. 


One year later 
How does a patient, alive with ade- 
quate renal functiol1 one year after 


transplantation, actually feel? What 
limitations must he endure? These 
questions are important to those res- 
ponsible for terminal uremic patients. 
At one year, the patient is on 
free diet, feels well, has full energy, 
and is back at full employment. He 
may still require medication for hyper- 
tension and will be taking 50 to 
100 mg. of Imuran and probably 12 
to 20 mg. of Medrol every second 
day. He must visit the follow-up 
clinic at two- to six-week intervals. 
He has a one-in-four chance of having 
one of the following delayed compli- 
cations: low grade hepatitis (S.G.O.T. 
elevation without jaundice), or pain 
in hips and a limp (aseptic necrosis 
of head of femur). This is the clinical 
state of 66 percent of live donor 
transplants and 40 percent of cadaver 
transplants. 
A patient who has survived one 
year has an 80 percent chance of 
being well at the end of the second 
year. Beyond that point prognosis is 
unknown, but generally is good in those 
who have reached the two-year mark. 
Five-year survival figures, which 
would be the most valuable index of 
treatment, are not yet available. 


,.... 


.. 


, 
 

 
A. 
- 
\ 
. 
, 


A nine-year-old patient tells Santa 
Claus (an RY.H. doctor) what he'd 
like for Christmas. This boy had a 
/..idney transplant last August. 


34 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


1 
.; 


" 


The future 
Future trends in renal transplan- 
tation will depend on the speed with 
which researchers meet several pres- 
sing needs. These needs are listed in 
the order in which success might be 
anticipated: 
I. A rapid method of tissue typing. 
2. Adequate ways of storing viable 
kidney tissue for implantation 24 to 
72 hours later. 
3. Development of safer and more 
effective immunosuppressive regimens, 
e.g., antilymphocyte serum. 
4. Potent ways of altering specific 
immune response through the use of 
massive doses of antigens of crude 
type or specific subcellular fraction; 
through induction of tolerance by 
RNA-like manipulations; or by re- 
peated small doses of specific antigen. 
5. Greater understanding of xeno- 
geneic renal grafts, especially fróm 
other primates. 
Only when real progress has been 
made in several of the first four points 
mentioned above will survival figures 
for renal transplantation equal those 
achieved by the more costly and life- 
restricting hemodialysis. 0 


# 


- 


10-' 


. 


. 


\ 
I 



 


..t.. 


, 


I 


,
 


)0- 


,- 



 


The author (extreme right) and Mrs. 
Wagner (extreme left), secretary of the 
renal transplant program, pose with 
patients at a hospital party. 


OCTOBER 1967 



The renal tral1splant program at the 
Royal Victoria Hospital was instituted 
by Dr. John Dossetor in 1961. Under 
this program, persons who meet cer- 
tain criteria are accepted for short- 
term dialysis and renal transplant. 
General health - aside from the 
renal disease itself - and age are 
the most important criteria of admis- 
sion to this program. Only persons 
who are under 45 years and in fairly 
good health are accepted. Patients 
with a history of cardiac disease, 
severe hypertension that is non-renal 
in origin, or other systemic disease, 
are poor operative risks and, there- 
fore, are not considered for this type 
of therapy. 
The prospective patient must under- 
go a complete psychiatric, as well 
as physical, examination. Once accept- 
ed on the program he will be under 
an almost overpowering emotional 
stress. He has to face the initial ac- 
ceptance of the prospect of death; 
the shift to the hope offered by renal 
transplant; and a long period of un- 
certainty about the outcome. * 


Disadvantages of dialysis program 
Hemodialysis programs are of two 
types: chronic dialysis, which is used 
to keep the patient in good health up 
to 10 years; and short-term dialysis, 
which is used until the patient can 


* Dorothy J. Shebelski, "Nursing patients 
who have renal homotransplants," Amer. 
J. Nurs. vol. 66, Nov., 1966, pp. 2425-28. 


OCTOBER 1%7 


Nursing care in 
renal transplantation 


The patient who is treated as a team member, rather than as a passive therapeutic 
challenge, usually will be able to face the many difficulties that he'll encounter 
in the renal transplant program. 


Janet MacDonald 


receive a transplant. At present, the 
chance of living a prolonged life is 
less following a renal transplant than 
it is on a chronic dialysis program. 
Why not put all persons with renal 
failure on a chronic dialysis program? 
There are several reasons. First, it 
simply is not feasible, because of 
cost, amount of equipment, and num- 
ber of trained staff that would be re- 
quired. The dialyzing centers in Mon- 
treal, for instance, already are over- 
loaded. Moreover, dialyzing centers in 
Canada are scarce and widely separat- 
ed. One cannot ignore persons who 
require treatment just because they 
are not fortunate enough to live near 
a dialyzing center. 
Second, in any dialyzing program, 
the patient is dependent on a machine 
for his life. This dependence is demor- 
alizing, particularly if no hope of 
"escape" is offered. Third, if a per- 
son is to do well on a chronic dial- 
yzing program, he must comply wÎth 
the regime at all times. This means 
that he follows the salt-free diet, limits 
his fluid intake, takes his medica- 
tions faithfully, and protects his shunt 
and checks it regularly. Some patients 
cannot be depended upon to continue 
this restrictive way of life indefinitely. 
The solution for patients who can- 
not, for any of these reasons, undergo 
chronic dialysis, is a program of short- 
term dialysis and renal transplant. 


Miss MacDonald is Head Nurse on a 
medical unit at the Royal Victoria Hos- 
pital, Montreal, Quebec 


This is the program in use at the 
Royal Victoria Hospital. 


Treated as member of team 
The nurse helps to create a com- 
fortable and congenial atmosphere. As 
she admits the patient to the ward, 
she will make a deep impression on 
him; whether or not this impression 
is a favorable one, depends on her 
management of the admission pro- 
cedure. 
The nurse must understand the fear 
that her patient experiences on en- 
tering hospital, his concern over his 
illness, and his sense of loss and 
bewilderment at being separated from 
his family and surrounded by strang- 
ers. The way in which his needs are 
evaluated, analyzed, and met by the 
nurse caring for him will affect his 
future relationships with staff signif- 
icantly. The patient who is helped 
to feel at home on the ward and is 
treated as a member of the team 
rather than as a passive therapeutic 
challenge, will be more cooperative 
and, therefore, more easily treated. 
Initially, of course, the primary ob- 
jective is to stabilize his condition and 
to prevent complications. As soon as 
possible an intensive investigation is 
begun to determine the exact nature 
and extent of his renal incapacity. 
Numerous tests, intravenous pyelo- 
gram, renogram and scan rennin 
essays, urinary electrolytes and pro- 
tein excretion, and renal biopsy are 
part of this intensive investigation. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 35 



The nurse's role in this phase of the 
patient's hospitalization is extremely 
demanding. She must be familiar with 
all diagnostic procedures so that she 
can prepare the patient both physical- 
ly and emotionally for them. She 
knows how to collect specimens prop- 
erly and makes certain that the pa- 
tient understands the method of col- 
lection and the importance of the test. 
During this period of investigation, 
the patient requires the nurse's full 
support and close attention. He re- 
mains on a rigid, unappetizing regime 
of fluid and food restriction (often he 
is allowed almost no free fluid and a 
maximum of 600 cc. of food fluid). ** 
The nurse teaches the patient the im- 
portance of this restriction and ex- 
plains the exact amount and type of 
free fluid that is permitted. Because 
his diet must be low in sodium and 
potassium, he is allowed only small 
amounts of water and ginger ale as 
free fluid. Careful and accurate in- 
take and output records are required. 
The renal patient suffers constantly 
from thirst; understandably, he is par- 
ticularly susceptible to temptation. 
Imagine how overpowering the desire 
to drink a little extra water must be! 
The diet of the uremic patient con- 
sists of 40 millequivalents of sodium, 
40 millequivalents of potassium, and 
40 grams of protein. Salt-free bread 
and butter are used, but because the 
patient is anoretic and eats poorly, 
he is occasionallyallowed such "del- 
icacies" as ham or bacon. On such 
occasions his daily menu must be ad- 
justed according1y. 
Some patients become much more 
cooperative if they are encouraged to 
become members of the team. This 
approach often helps them to stay 
within their intake allowance. Other 
patients, who may be less intelligent 
or less stable, need constant and close 
supervision, regardless of the staff's 
approa,
h. Because these patients are 
cunning and develop considerable re- 
sourcefulness, they often manage to 
exceed their fluid allowances by a 


* * "Free fluid" is the term used to denote 
fluid thot is given to the patient by the 
ward staff. "Food fluid" is anything that 
the dietitian gives in accordance with the 
dietary regime ordered by the doctor. 


36 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


considerable amount. The nurse must 
be familiar with the signs of ovèr- 
hydration (weight gain and edema, 
particularly of the feet, ankles, eye 
orbits, and face), and be on the alert 
for them. She also must be on the 
alert for signs of dehydration, which 
occasionally follow hemodialysis. 
These signs include a dry, loose skin; 
parched 1ips and tongue; and ex- 
cessive thirst. 
Since many patients with renal dis- 
ease have hypertension, frequent and 
accurate monitoring of blood pressure 
is necessary. Antihypertensives are 
administered as a regular dosage, and 
frequently as a p.r.n. medication for 
"spikes" of blood pressure. The nurse 
is familiar with the action of these 
drugs, and is on the alert for any side 
effects. Any marked variance in blood 
pressure is checked and reported. 


Once the diagnostic tests have been 
completed and evaluated, the medical 
staff consider the possibility of renal 
transplant. At 1east part of this dis- 
cussion is held with the patient pres- 
ent as an involved member of the 
team. The nursing staff, who spend 
more time than the medical staff with 
the patient, give some indication of 
the degree of cooperation that can 
be expected from him and contrib- 
ute information about his basic per- 
sonality and needs. If the patient meets 
the necessary criteria, he is accepted 
into the program; the staff begin im- 
mediately to prepare him for it. 


No questions evaded 
The exact nature and extent of 
the patient's disease is carefully ex- 
plained to him and his. family. He 
is told in frank terms that his disease 


Connector 


ARTERIO - VENOUS SHUNT 


- To Artery 


- To Vein 


External Silastic Tubing 


ARTERIO - VENOUS FISTULA 


-------, 
-- Arteryt-- --, II 
I I 
Vein+ I_I 
----.=--
---.=---- 


-- Blood Flow 


[------ 
Li gated ArteryT -- 


OCTOBER 1967 



is irreversible and eventually will prove 
fatal. Finally, he is given an honest 
and complete explanation of the renal 
transplant program. He learns that 
it requires his full cooperation; that it 
necessitates regular hemodialysis; that 
he eventually will receive a transplant 
- from a cadaver - and that there 
is a great deal of uncertainty about 
the final success of the renal trans- 
plant. No facts or statistics, whether 
encouraging or discouraging, are 
withheld; no questions are evaded. 
Now the patient must decide 
whether to embark upon this long and 
difficult program. It is, understandably, 
an extremely difficult decision to 
make. The nurse can do more for 
the patient now, perhaps, than at any 
other time during his hospitalization. 
She can answer some of his questions 
(and this requires much patience on 


\ 


her part, since he may, because of 
his anxiety, ask many of the same 
questions over and over again); other 
questions must be referred to his doc- 
tors. He wiIJ benefit noticeably from 
a nurse-patient relationship based on 
understanding and encouragement. 
Pre-transplant phase 
If the patient decides to enter the 
program, he signs a special consent 
form which states that he fully under- 
stands the extent of his disease and 
the requirements of the program, and 
that he agrees to follow these require- 
ments. 
The initial step on the pre-trans- 
plant phase of the program is the in- 
sertion of the arteriolar-venous (A V) 
shunt or, more recently, the creation 
of an A V fistula, for hemodialysis. 
An A V shunt is simply a V-shaped 


\ 



 


. 


\ 
'\ ..... 
\ \ 
\ 
... '. 
 \' ,. 
... \ .. 
 
--.. << 
\ ,,- 

 
, .... 
\ 


----...-- 


... 


-<" 


,. 


synthetic plastic tube - one end of 
which is inserted into the vein. and 
the other into an artery. The loop of 
the V is exposed on the skin surface 
and is a plum color because of the 
arterial blood flowing through it. An 
A V fistula is an end-to-side anasta- 
mosis between an artery and a vein. 
It is completely enclosed beneath the 
skin. 
This shunt, or fistula, brings forth 
yet another concern for the nurse. She 
must be aware of its function and 
purpose and the complications made 
possible by its very existence. The 
shunt must be checked frequently and 
carefully for patency (it is patent if 
a bruit is audible when a stethoscope 
is placed over the skin above it); 
for bleeding; and for signs of infec- 
tion. The A V fistula, a recent inno- 
vation, is far superior to the shunt 


- 


Ten-year old girl being fed while having hemodialysis. She awaits a kidney transplant. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 37 


OCTOBER 1967 



since it tends to reduce the possibility 
of complications such as hemorrhage, 
infection, and clotting. 
The next step on the program is 
that of hemodialysis. This step is 
frightening to the patient, primarily 
because he has a vague and usually 
rather distorted view of the treatment 
and what it involves. The staff nurses 
on the ward, who have establisned 
rapport with him, can help to revise 
his concept of the procedure by ex- 
plaining it thoroughly. However, the 
staff in the dialysis unit are best equip- 
ped to allay most of his fear. A visit to 
the dialysis unit and an opportunity 
to meet its nursing staff prior to the 
initial treatment will benefit the pa- 
tient considerably. 
The immediate post-dialysis phase 
is another exacting time for the nurse. 
Vital signs are taken frequently and 
the shunt is checked regularly for 
signs of bleeding and for patency. 
It is not unusual for patients to de- 
velop post-dialysis fever with tem- 
peratures ranging up to 105 oF. These 
fevers are treated conservatively and 
usually subside within a l2-hour per- 
iod. So far, no definite cause for 
their development has been establish- 
ed. 
Occasionally, seizures occur as 
another post-dialysis complication. 
These are treated with anticonvulsant 
drugs and are documented accurately. 
The routine of hemodialysis, done 
on a regular basis usually twice week- 
ly, continues for some time, along 
with the control of hypertension, res- 
triction of diet, and careful observa- 
tion for signs of complications. As 
soon as the patient's condition has 
been stabilized and he has adjusted 
as completely as possible to the rou- 
tines, he is scheduled for bilateral ne- 
phrectomy. Both kidneys are removed 
before renal transplant surgery to 
avoid the risk of spreading any infec- 
tion throughout the urinary tract. In 
addition, the surgeons dislike perform- 
ing a nephrectomy at the time of 
transplant surgery, since time is pre- 
cious. For the transplanted kidney to 
function and to remain viable, it must 
be removed from the donor site and 
revascularized in the recipient site in 
as short a time as possible. 
The postoperative period is another 
demanding one for patient and nurse. 


38 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


In addition to the usual postoperative 
discomfort and emotional distress, the 
patient must accept the irrevocable 
fact that he is completely dependent 
on the dialysis routine. As of now, 
he becomes more involved with his 
disease. At present, we are unable to 
offer any organized or extensive oc- 
cupational therapy to the patient. He 
feels relatively comfortable most of 
the time, is up and around the ward, 
and requires some diversion. In our 
situation, it is the nurse's responsibility 
to offer these diversions. She first 
evaluates her patient's interests, con- 
siders his age and his physical ability, 
and then provides the appropriate di- 
versions for him. 
Following the patient's postoperative 
recovery, plans are made to discharge 
him (providing his condition is stable 
on the dialyzing regime), to await 
transplant surgery. At present, the 
waiting period is approximately six 
months. 
If the patient's home environment 
will allow him to maintain the strict 
self-discipline that is essential to his 
survival, he is sent home; otherwise 
he is discharged to a convalescent 
hospital. All patients return as outpa- 
tients twice each week for hemodi- 
alysis. 
Surgical phase 
The patient receives little advance 
notice before transplant surgery. When 
the death of a kidney donor becomes 
imminent, preparations begin at once 
to prepare the recipient for surgery. 
Ideally, the patient should be in- 
troduced to the staff of the surgical 
unit before his discharge from the 
medical unit. This would eliminate 
much of the psychological trauma he 
feels at the time of his surgical ad- 
mission. Unfortunately, this plan is 
not feasible, since he is admitted as 
an emergency patient to anyone of 
several surgical wards. He has no op- 
portunity to become familiar with his 
new surroundings, to establish rapport 
with the staff, or to adjust to toe 
idea of surgery and the renewed hope 
it will offer him. 
The patient naturally hopes that 
renal transplant surgery will cure him, 
but it is also natural that he is 
anxious about undergoing major sur- 
gery. In addition, transplant surgery 


is still a new field and the doctors, 
although optimistic, maintain a cau- 
tious outlook concerning long-range 
prognosis. The patient finds his hope 
tinged will some degree of uneasiness. 
The staff can, by their actions, help 
to reduce the sense of panic that he 
feels as he observes the frenetic ac- 
tivity that centers around him. 
The preparation for surgery is the 
same as that for any abdominal sur- 
gery: the skin is surgically prepared 
from axilla to mid-thigh; blood is 
cross-matched and re-typed; and the 
patient is transported immediately to 
the operating room. 
In two adjacent and connecting op- 
erating theatres, two teams of sur- 
geons begin their surgical procedures 
simultaneously. In one theatre, the 
donor kidney is removed from its site; 
in the other, the surgeons open the 
recipient's abdomen and prepare it 
to receive the transplant. As soon as 
the donor kidney has been removed 
it is perfused with cool saline solu- 
tion and is carried to the second 
theatre, where it is inserted into the 
recipient's anterior iliac fossa. The sur- 
geons begin to revascularize it at once. 
The total time lapse between the re- 
moval of the transplant from the 
donor site and its revascularization in 
the recipient site is approximately 45 
minutes. The abdomen is closed as 
soon as revascularization has been 
completed. 


Postoperative phase 
The patient is sent from the op- 
erating room to the intensive care 
unit. Protective isolation is instituted 
to reduce the possibility of infection 
in the immediate postoperative period. 
This regime remains in force for one 
week, during which time the patient 
is observed closely and given detailed 
care. 
The patient is protected as much as 
possible from postoperative complica- 
tions. Chest physiotherapy is started 
at once and ambulation begins as soon 
as possible. He is watched for signs 
of infection or bleeding from the oper- 
ative wound, and vital signs are care- 
fully and frequently monitored. A 
urethral catheter and a ureteral cathe- 
ter are inserted at the time of opera- 
tion and are closely watched for signs 
of urinary drainage; both catheters 


OCTOBER 1967 



.-- 


, . 
\ 


I 


e 


- 
I' 


., 


- 


. 


( 


\ 


are irrigated regularly. 
Of primary concern to all is the 
function of the transplanted kidney. 
There may be some urinary output at 
once; however, there have been cases 
in which the patient had no output of 
urine for as long as two or three 
weeks post-transplant. These patients 
required hemodialysis following trans- 
plant, and continued on dialysis until 
the transplant began to function nor- 
mally. 
As renal function improves, the 
patient goes through an initial diur- 
etic phase. He is watched closely for 
signs of dehydration and electrolyte 
imbalance. The volume of urinary 
output, which often reaches five litres 
per day in this phase, is carefully mon- 
itored; fluids are replaced. At last 
he is allowed to eat a normal diet and 
drink as much fluid as he wishes: 
understandably, fluid replacement is 
no problem. 
The patient continues on antihy- 
pertensive medications. In addition he 
is given large doses of steroids and 
[muran - an immunosuppressant - 
to help prevent rejection of the trans- 
OCTOBER 1967 


, 
, 


, 


)/ 


- 



 



 

 


plant. The nurse watches for any 
signs of the harmful side effects of 
these drugs. Prednisone, when given 
in large doses over an extended per- 
iod, often causes diabetes mellitus. 
The patient's urine must be regularly 
tested for the presence of sugar and 
acetone. Since [muran may produce a 
leukopenia, the patient's white blood 
cell count is followed closely. 


Convalescent phase 
After the initial postoperative week, 
the patient leaves the intensive care 
unit and returns to the ward on which 
he received his pre-transplant treat- 
ment. At this point he usually feels 
extremely buoyant and optomistic 
about his future. As his renal func- 
tion remains stable and as he becomes 
stronger, he begins to anticipate his 
discharge from hospital. 
He is very ambivalent about this 
step. He naturally is anxious to leave 
hospital - an event that represents 
his return to normal health - but he 
is worried about returning to his family 
and resuming his role as head of the 


Nurse in control room observes patient 
who is on hemodialysis. 


I r 


household. He must avoid any job 
that requires strenuous physical activi- 
ty, and this may mean a radical 
change for him. He may be worried 
about finding work and about his 
ability to provide for his family. 
The patient's fears may be expres- 
sed through an aggressive hostility 
toward hospital staff, or by an in- 
creasing demand for attention. The 
nursing staff must be aware that these 
attitudes are the patient's outlets for 
his own fears and frustrations and 
do not represent real hostility toward 
them. He requires their understanding 
support and encouragement - even 
though he does not display this need 
in a positive manner. The patient's 
family should be made aware of his 
problems and needs so that they can 
understand his attitude and give him 
the support that he requires. The 
hospital social service worker, who 
has followed his progress, can give 
additional support. 
If the patient continues to improve 
and to be free of any. signs of trans- 
plant rejection (elevated temperature 
and white blood count; increase in 
size and firmness of the transplanted 
kidney, which is readily palpated 
since it is in the abdominal cavity), 
he is allowed to go home for one- 
day visits. Through these visits he is 
allowed to resume his position in the 
family gradually, and to re-adjust to 
it. 
Approximately six weeks following 
transplant surgery, the patient is dis- 
charged from hospital. Before he 
leaves, he receives extensive teaching 
and reassurance. He soon learns to 
identify the signs and symptoms of 
rejection and realizes that if they ap- 
pear, they must be reported to the 
doctor at once. 
He also is given instruction about 
his medications. We have found it 
helpfu1 to give the patient a card to 
which a sample of each of his med- 
ications is attached. Included beside 
each sample is the name of the drug, 
the strength of the pill, its action, 
and the frequency of dosage. 
After final instructions, advice, and 
reassurance, the patient is at last ready 
to leave hospital. He can resume tife 
with new health and new hope for 
the future. 0 


f 


I 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 39 



Nursing the patient 
long-term hemodialysis 


on 


The patient on long-term, chronic 
hemodialysis is faced with a multitude 
of problems. In addition to the usual 
stresses of everyday life, he is beset 
with the problem of being dependent 
on a complex and complicated ma- 
chine for his survival. 
To help this patient, the nurse must 
have a healthy outlook toward chronic 
illness. Moreover, she needs a good 
understanding of both human and ma- 
chine behavior, and a knowledge of 
what makes each "tick." She must be 
able to listen objectively to her pa- 
tient's problems and, with the cooper- 
ation of his family, help him to work 
them out for himself. 
Her position on the artificial kidney 
team has both advantages and dis- 
advantages. On one hand, she sees 
same patients regularly and frequently 
and so can watch their development 
and see how they are adjusting to 
treatment. She becomes well acquaint- 
ed with the families and aware of 
some of their weaknesses and 
strengths. All this enables her to have 
more insight into the basic problems. 
On the other hand, however, definite 
problems can arise in such a close 
nurse-patient relationship. The nurse 
may become so involved with her pa- 
tient and his family that she is unable 
to help them at a time of crisis. If 
she can retain her concern for the 
patient and keep her professional ob- 
jectivity, the advantages of the situa- 
tion will outweigh the disadvantages. 


40 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Considerable support is needed by this patient who must depend on a machine 
for his survival. 


Lynda Nesbitt 


A need to belong 
The nurse is in an excellent posi- 
tion to provide support to both the 
patient and his family. An example 
will illustrate the importance of this. 
A patient who had been on chronic 
hemodialysis for about three years at- 
tempted suicide. The family history 
showed that the patient's wife joined 
various organizations when he first 
became ill, took vocational courses at 
night school, and generally kept her- 
self busy so that if anything happened 
to him, she would be self-supporting. 
As time went on, the patient be- 
gan to belive that nobody needed him. 
His children had grown up and were 
independent, and his wife was finan- 
cially secure. He did not express these 
feelings to his wife because he was 
afraid that it would upset her. She 
failed to express her need for him be- 
cause she believed it would only be 
one more burden for him. It required 
the episode of serious depression to 
being them closer together and make 
him realize how much he actually was 
needed. 
The need to belong gives purpose 
to life. As one patient put it, "When 
I know that I have a wife and chil- 


Miss Nesbitt, a graduate of The Montreal 
General Hospital, has a diploma in public 
health nursing from the University of 
Western Ontario School of Nursing. Before 
attending UWO, she worked in the Artifi- 
cial Kidney Unit of The Montreal General 
Hospital, Montreal, Quebec. 


dren to support and th;,lt they need 
me, I feel that I have a purpose in 
life." This purpose for living is ab- 
solutely essential if the patient on a 
chronic hemodialysis program is to be 
rehabilitated. There is little point, even 
in the patient's eyes, of being kept 
alive if it means only to exist. 


Diet for life 
Many other problems must be over- 
come by these patients. First and fore- 
most is diet. This is as important as 
dialysis in the overall treatment pro- 
gram. If the patient were not on a 
restricted diet, hemodialysis would be 
virtually useless unless carried out 
every day. In most centers, diet is res- 
tricted primarily with regard to so- 
dium, protein, potassium, and fluid 
intake. 
The family's cooperation is of ut- 
most importance, especially when the 
patient is a male and his wife bears 
the responsibility of cooking the meals. 
Diet principles must be carefully ex- 
plained. The wife should be encou- 
raged to question and should feel free 
to call the dietitian or the nurse when 
she is uncertain about the value of 
a particular food. 
The adjustment to diet is one of 
the most difficult hurdles for the pa- 
tient to overcome. If his wife can 
make the meals attractive and appeal- 
ing, and if the family can make meal- 
time a congenial get-together, some of 
his difficulty may be overcome. 
OCTOBER 1967 



As active as possible 
The second possible problem area 
involves activity restriction - includ- 
ing work restriction. Once again, fami- 
ly support is indispensable. If the pa- 
tient is treated like an invalid, he will 
become one. This is contrary to the 
whole purpose of the hemodialysis 
program. 
The patient should be able to tol- 
erate almost as much activity as he 
could before he became ill. This de- 
pends on his age and previous physi- 
cal condition. The patient himself 
usually knows best when he had had 
enough activity. When he thinks to 
himself, "If I do this any longer I'm 
going to be tired," then it is time for 
him to quit. 
A problem may arise if the patient 
sees himself as a sick person; he may 
be afraid to indulge in any kind of 
strenuous activity. It is then up to 
the family to support and encourage 
him to become more active. Well-ad- 
justed patients all over the world are 
on chronic hemodialysis programs and 
are engaging in activities that range 
from hiking and skiing to painting 
homes and planting gardens. 
The patient may run into problems 
at work. If he has had a position of 
responsibility and his employer is wil- 
ling to allow him to retain this posi- 
tion, there is no reason why he cannot 
continue. To take away job responsi- 
bility would only serve to undermine 
his pride and, in turn, cause resent- 
ment and loss of self-respect. All these 
feelings could combine to cause an 
unsatisfactory adjustment to chronic 
hemodialysis, or, worse, no adjustment 
at all. 
The laborer faces a different prob- 
lem. He may be required to change his 
occupation completely if there is dan- 
ger that his work could lead to such 
things as cannula infection or trauma 
to the cannula site. In this instance, 
he will need to readjust his self-ex- 
pectations and will require the support 
and encouragement of his family as he 
begins a new occupation. 
When considering type of occupa- 
tion or extent of recreational activity, 


OCTOBER 1967 


the care of the. cannulas is kept in 
mind. Both patient and family are 
taught how to change the cannula dres- 
sing; if it becomes wet or soiled, it 
can be changed at home to reduce the 
possibility of infection. 


Home care of cannula 
The patient and his family are 
taught cannula care as soon as the can- 
nulas are inserted. The ward nurse 
shows them how to clean and dress 
the cannula, using aseptic technique, 
then watches while each family mem- 
ber gives a return demonstration. By 
the time the patient is discharged 
home, he and his family can care for 
the cannulas with ease. 
The family will be given the equip- 
ment needed for dressing changes or 
will be told where it can be purchased. 
This depends on hospital policy. They 
are taught how to sterilize equipment 
other than gloves. which are dispos- 
able. 


Financial aspects 
This differs from province to prov- 
ince, depending on the type of medical 
insurance plan available. In Ontario. 
patients are covered by the Ontario 
Hospital Services Commission for hos- 
pitalization and nursing care. Doctors' 
fees frequently are paid by private or 
government medical insurance plans to 
which the patient may subscribe. When 
medical insurance terminates, as in pri- 
vate medical plans, the doctors conti- 
nue to treat the patients without 
charge. 
A similar situation exists in Quebec. 
In Montreal, the Kidney Foundation 
gives financial aid and a large amount 
of money is received through private 
donations. 
Hospitalization costs for dialysis 
vary from $7,000 to $20,000 per year 
per patient. The range is accounted 
for by the physical size of the unit and 
how many patients can be treated by 
the same nursing staff in a single unit. 


Independence is the goal 
The patient may become overdepen- 
dent on staff. One possible solution 


is to involve him in the actual treat- 
ment. In some centers patients with 
leg cannulas have been taught to be- 
gin dialysis themselves. With the ad- 
vent of home dialysis programs, fami- 
ly members and patient can carry out 
the dialysis and monitor the machine. 
This requires intensive teaching and 
support on the part of the nursing 
staff, but in some centers has led to 
better patient adjustment and closer 
patient-family relations. 
After the acute phase of illness, 
the patient usually worries about the 
technical aspects of his treatment. He 
wonders whether his blood flow is 
adequate, how well the cannulas are 
functioning, and so on. His emo- 
tional and social needs come to the 
fore after this second stage has passed. 
Bibliography 
Brand, R. and Komorita, N. Adapting to 
long-term hemodialysis. Amer. J. Nllrs. 
August, 1966, p. 1778. 
Fellows, B. Hemodialysis at home. Amer. 
J. Nllrs. August, 1966, p.1775. 
Rackham, J.e. The artificial kidney. Callad. 
Nurs. August, 1959, p.716. 
Shea, E.J., Bogden, D.F., Freeman, R.B., 
and Schreiner. G. E. Hemodialysis for 
chronic renal failure - part IV - psy- 
chological considerations. A flfI. bllem. 
Med. vol. 62, # 3, March, 1965, p.558- 
63. 
Schreiner, G. E. and Maher, J. F. Hemodia- 
lysis for chronic renal failure - part 
III - medical, moral, ethical, and socio- 
economic problems. AflfI. Ifllerfl. Med., 
March, 1965, p.551-7. 0 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 41 



Treatment of 
traumatic rupture of urethra 


Complete transection of the urethra at the apex of the prostate is one of the most 
serious urological injuries. It is also one of the most difficult to manage. 
Urethroplasty, performed in two stages, is now the surgical method of choice. 


Douglas D. Morehouse, M.D. 


Figure 1 


. 


Transection of the urethra at the 
apex of the prostate is found in about 
10 percent of male patients who have 
fractures of the pelvis involving the 
symphysis pubis. In complete rupture, 
an upward and posterior displacement 
of the bladder and prostate gland is 
evident. In these cases, rupture of 
the pubo-prostatic ligaments, frequent- 
ly accompany the injury. Bleeding 
from the external urinary meatus may 
or may not occur. On rectal examina- 
tion, a boggy mass is felt in the 
normal location of the prostate. 
The diagnosis of urethral rupture 
can be confirmed by a retrograde ur- 
ethrogram (Figure 1). This will show 
extravasation of contrast media at the 
site of rupture into the retropubic and 
perivesical areas. 
It is unwise to introduce a catheter 
into the urethra, as it may convert a 
partial rupture into a complete one. 
Also, catheterization increases the risk 
of hemorrhage and infection. 


Management in the past 
In the past, an attempt usually was 
made to reestablish urethral continuity 
at the time of injury. This was achiev- 
ed by manipulating a urethral catheter 
across the defect, with or without an 
attempt at primary anastomosis. 
Sometimes the catheter was placed on 
traction for varying periods; some- 
times sutures were taken in the pros- 
tate and passed through the perineum 


Dr. Morehouse is Assistant Urologist, 
Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, P.Q. 


42 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


under tension to reduce the chances of 
separating the two severed ends of the 
urethra. Variou5 other techniques have 
been utilized. In general, the results 
have been poor. 
Most of these patients have requir- 
ed repeated urethral dilation, often 
for the rest of their lives. They have 
been troubled with urinary tract infec- 
tions, stones, and fistulae. Eventually, 
marked obstructive changes occurred 
in their bladders, characterized by tra- 
beculation cellules and diverticula; 
later, upper urinary tract dilation re- 
sulted, followed by marked renal dam- 
age from pyelonephritis as a result of 
obstruction and vesico-ureteral reflux. 
Subsequently, these patients developed 
hypertension and uremia. Many died 
prematurely as the result of the ur- 
ethral injury and its management. 


Present treatment 
In recent years, patients with com- 
plete transection of the urethra have 
had their lives prolonged by various 
forms of urinary diversion. Several 
persons who were treated by the 
above-mentioned method at the time 
of initial injury have had further 
surgery, in the form of a urethroplas- 
ty. This technique, as described by 
Johanson, * is difficult because of the 
dense scar formation in the area of 
stricture. The results, however, have 
been encouraging. 


*Bengt Johanson, Acta. Chirurgica Scandi. 
nQvica (supp!. 176), Stockholm, 1953. 


OCTOBER 1967 



Objectives of treatment 
In managing patients with transec- 
tion of the urethra, the surgeon at- 
tempts to: I. use as little manipula- 
tion as possible when there are mul- 
tiple injuries; 2. remove the urethral 
stricture; 3. maintain urinary contin- 
ence; 4. maintain potency; 5. assure 
normal ejaculation; and 6. maintain 
or improve the status of the upper 
urinary tract. 


The patient with multiple injuries 
The patient wth multiple injuries 
usually has been involved in an auto- 
motive or industrial accident. Fre-. 
quently, his condition is critical. 
Several specialists are involved in 
the emergency treatment of this pa- 
tient. The aim of each specialist is to 
use the least amount of manipulation 
necessary to produce the best results. 
For the patient with complete tran- 
section of the urethra at the apex of 
the prostate, the best emergency treat- 
ment is a suprapubic cystostomy. This 
is a quick and simple procedure. 
Moreover, it is not associated with the 
extensive fibrosis that occurs when 
primary anastomosis is attempted in 


Figure 2 


OCTOBER 1967 


the pool of blood usually found in the 
space of Retzius following this injury. 
Also, since this space is not widely 
exposed, there is less chance of intro- 
ducing infection with additional subse- 
quent fibrosis. 
If this type of treatment is utilized, 
the hematomas are absorbed and 
urethroplasty can be performed in 
about three months without significant 
local reaction. 
Removal of urethral stricture 
Any method of management must 
aim at complete cure of the stricture. 
Attempts at primary anastomosis 
have, in general, been disappointing. 
Most of these cases have required 
further management as outlined 
earlier. 


Maintaining urinary continence 
It is unusual for a patient to have 
urinary incontinence as a direct result 
of the injury. However, in the past six 
months I have seen five patients who 
were incontinent following an initial 
attempt at primary reconstruction at 
the time of injury. Two of these pa- 
tients gained complete control follow- 
ing first stage urethroplasty. On the 


Figure 3 


other hand, none of the patients who 
were treated at the time of injury by 
suprapubic cystostomy were inconti- 
nent. This suggests that the primary 
treatment may play a role in the de- 
velopment of incontinence; perhaps by 
the extensive fibrosis produced in the 
area of injury and subsequent surgery. 
Potency 
Most patients with transection of 
the urethra have normal erections fol- 
lowing the injury and following ureth- 
roplasty. Forty-five patients of a total 
of 47 in Johanson's experience have 
had normal erections following ureth- 
roplasty. None of the adults I have 
treated with this injury have been im- 
potent after this type of surgery. 


Normal ejaculation 
During the first-stage urethroplasty, 
care is taken while placing the three 
apical sutures to avoid injury to the 
ejaculatory ducts. These ducts open 
on either side of the verumontanum. 
Normal ejaculation usually is preserv- 
ed following urethroplasty for high 
urethral injuries. 


Maintenance of normal upper urinary 
tract 
Following urethroplasty, the upper 
urinary tract not only maintains itself, 
but also usually shows improvement. 
This is to be expected, because the 
removal of catheters and obstruction 
clears up any urinary tract infection. 


Urethral reconstruction by 
urethroplasty 
A suprapubic cystostomy complete- 
ly manages the emergency situation. 
Furthermore, it permits the subse- 
quent first-stage urethroplasty to be 
carried out in an operative field where 
the degree of fibrosis is much less 
than it would be if a primary anasto- 
mosis had been performed. 
Prior to the first-stage urethroplas- 
ty, a retrograde urethrogram, combin- 
ed with a cystogram through the su- 
prapubic tube (Figure 2), may be car- 
ried out. This shows the extent of the 
urethral defect. Then, by a combined 
suprapubic transvesical approach and 
a perineal approach, the defect is 
bridged with a pedicle flap of scrotal 
skin that has been inverted and passed 
up to the proximal stump, where it is 
held in position by three apical su- 
tures. This flap passes through the 
external sphincter without injuring it. 
The proximal sutures are carefully 
placed to avoid injury to the ejacula- 
tory ducts. 
At the completion of the first stage, 
there is a small "scrotal cleft" at the 
peno-scrotal junction (Figure 3). 
The second stage urethroplasty is 
performed a few months later, at 
which time the urethral defect shown 
in . Figure 3 is closed by burying a 
stnp of urethral mucosa and adjacent 
skin. 0 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 43 



Almost one-third of developmental 
anomalies affect the genitourinary 
tract. The majority of these defects are 
minor, and do not impair the func- 
tional state of the system. Some are 
of cosmetic importance only; others 
have a profound influence on the 
functional integrity of the urinary 
tract. It is significant that a goodly 
portion are associated with infection 
of the system. 


Resistance to infection 
The normal urinary tract, which is 
challenged frequently by bacteria that 
enter the urethra, shows considerable 
resistance to infection. This is due to 
simple dilution, continuous irrigation, 
and the presence of specific and non- 
specific inhibiters. Experimentally, or- 
ganisms introduced into the normal 
bladder are quickly diluted and steri- 
lity is soon restored. This is not so in 
the case of obstruction or injury to 
the bladder mucosa. 
The ureterovesical junction normally 
prevents the reflux of urine into the 
upper urinary tract. This competence 
can be destroyed by inflammation as- 
sociated with infection, allowing in- 
fected urine to reach the kidney. In 
many instances developmental defi- 
ciency of this junction in childhood is 
responsible for reflux of infected urine 
into the kidney with subsequent pye- 
lonephritis. With maturity, this situa- 
tion tends to côrrect itself. 
In other cases, congenital defects 
may cause obstruction to the urinary 
tract. This is followed by a reduction 
in resistance to bacteria, and may lead 
to a characteristic sequence of events, 
that is, obstruction, which produces 
stasis, which permits infection and in- 
flammation. This may become chronic 
and be associated with stone formation. 


44 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Congenital anomalies of the urinary tract frequently are associated with infection 
in a destructive combination. Many of these defects are not detected until 
considerable damage has been done. 


Anomalies and 
infection of 
. . 
genitourinary tract 


Douglas Ackman, M.D. 


Eventually, destruction of renal tissue 
may culminate in renal failure. In some 
cases, the kidney may recover from 
several episodes of pyelonephritis be- 
fore a chronic infection is established. 


Organisms 
Infections of the urinary tract in- 
volve a wide range of organisms. Ini- 
tially, most infection is derived from 
intestina] organisms - co1iforms being 
the most common - that contaminate 
the perineum. Others include aero- 
bacter, proteus, pseudomonas, strep- 
tococci and staphylococci. Repeated 
infection often is associated with the 
emergence of antibiotic resistant 
strains, or acquisition of previously 
resistant hospital organisms. 
Organisms may be confined to the 
lower urinary tract, or may involve 
the kidneys when the ureterovesica] 
junction is affected. There is a ten- 
dency for obstruction at or below the 
neck of the b]adder to cause bilateral 
rena] infection, as distinguished from 
higher lesions that are often one-sided. 


Diagnosis 
Recurrent urinary tract infection re- 
quires a careful, comprehensive eva]ua- 
tion of the patient and a detai]ed 
examination of all aspects of the uri- 
nary tract. The ]atter includes history 
and physical examination, microscopic 
examination of the urine, urine cu]- 
ture, and intravenous pyelogram. 
A cystogram, done when the urme 
is sterile, provides information on the 
residual urinary volume, the nature of 
the bladder, and the presence of urete- 
rovesical reflux. Urethrograms may be 
required for some obstructive lesions. 
Finally, cystoscopic evaluation of the 


Dr. Ackman is Clinical Fellow in Urology, 
Royal Victoria Ho
pital, Montreal, Quebec. 


]ower urinary tract, with or without 
retrograde pyelography, completes the 
examination. In many cases, repeated 
testing is required to demonstrate some 
minor abnormality. When a genitouri- 
nary anoma]y is suspected in a young 
child, evaluation is made as early as 
possible to avoid progressive damage. 


Congenital anomalies 
Three basic grades of develop- 
mental anomalies may affect the urin- 
ary tract and its resistance to infec- 
tion. One group of lesions does not 
impair renal function or the flow of 
urine, and is not normally associated 
with infection. Another large group 
causes some degree of obstruction or 
deficiency in renal function. These 
lesions are associated with stasis and 
infection of urine, affecting the lower 
or upper tract in accordance with 
]ocation. 
Finally, a small group of anoma1ies 
may be found in newborn children, 
causing varying amounts of rena] in- 
sufficiency. In these instances, the in- 
sufficiency results from gross defects 
in functioning renal tissue, or severe 
obstructive uropathy that has caused 
intra-ureteral damage and renal fail- 
ure. These three groups of lesions are 
illustrated by the following patient 
histories. 


Patient histories 
A five-year-old male was examined 
for enuresis. On physical examination, 
a first degree urethral hypospadius 
was detected. This involved a smaU 
ventral fusion defect at the g]andular 
portion of the urethra. The urinary 
stream was not grossly affected, and 
presented no inconvenience to the 
child. Urinalysis ruled out infection. 
There was no need for surgical cor- 


OCTOBER 1967 



rection of this minor defect. The 
mother was reassured, and the child 
was given follow-up care until the 
enuresis cleared. 
An eight-year-old female was exam- 
ined for enuresis and incontinence. 
She also had a history of febrile epi- 
sodes and discomfort on voiding. Re- 
cently, her mother had noted a foul- 
smelling ring on the bedsheets. Careful 
questioning revealed that although the 
child had urinary incontinence, she 
also voided normally. 
There was some bilateral renal ten- 
derness. A fever was noted, and the 
urine was found to be full of leu co- 
cytes. Urine culture grew pseudomo- 
nas. After extensive investigation, it 
was found that the child had several 
congenital anomalies. There was re- 
duplication of the right kidney with 
a double ureter located ectopically in 
the urethra; this explained the urinary 
incontinence. The left kidney was 
slightly hydronephrotic, and its normal 
ureter terminated as a ureterocele at 
the ureterovesical junction. The ure- 
terocele was visualized as a translucent 
sac lying in the bladder with a thin 
jet of urine emerging near the apex. 
Management in such cases follows 
a carefully considered sequence of 
priorities. The preservation of all pos- 
sible functioning tissue is of prime 
consideration. Removal of obstruction 
and infection takes precedence over 
maintenance of continence and cos- 
metic appearance. - 
In this case, there was poor vi- 
sualization of the upper reduplicated 
pole of the right kidney. Subsequent 
retrograde pyelography confirmed a 
grossly distorted ureter and pelvis 
without evidence of obstruction. Iso- 
tope scan also demonstrated poor 
function of the renal parenchyma. 
Rather than attempt to preserve the 
renal tissue by ureteric re-implanta- 
tion, it was decided to remove the en- 
tire reduplicated pole and its long 
ectopic ureter, leaving the normal 
lower pole intact, with drainage into 
the bladder intact. 
The left ureterocele was managed 
by re-implantation of the ureter into 
the bladder. Simple unroofing of the 
ureterocele would have exposed the 
ureter to reflex. Eight months of con- 
tinuous antibiotic management was re- 
quired to achieve sterile urine. The 
clinical symptoms were entirely re- 
lieved in this case and the patient 
was followed carefully over a long 
period for possible recurrent pyelone- 
phritis. 
This case emphasizes several im- 
portant points: 1. there are many 
possible causes of urinary obstruc- 
tion; 2. the obstruction may be mech- 


OCTOBER 1967 


anical or functional; 3. early recog- 
nition is essential to achieve long- 
term, satisfactory results. 
A newborn infant was noted to be 
underdeveloped and slow to respond. 
Investigation revealed renal insuffi- 
ciency, with massive bilateral hydrone- 
phrosis, ureterectasis, and a distend- 
ed bladder. The obstruction was 
traced to congenital flap-type ureth- 
ral valves located in the posterior 
urethra. These delicate valves obstruc- 
ted the flow of urine in-utero, result- 
ing in functionless kidneys at the time 
of birth. Infection was not involved 
in this case only because the child 
did not survive. 
This is an example of the extreme 
damage caused by congenital urinary 
obstruction. The prognosis usually is 
poor in spite of early diagnosis and 
treatment. Similar cases may have a 
marginal functional reserve that is 
soon depleted by added infection. 


Classification of lesions 
It is difficult to provide a classifi- 
cation that will relate the problem 
of anomaly with that of infection. 
The two can best be grouped in terms 
of their effect on renal function, in a 
manner similar to the case histories. 
Group One: Normally, none of these 
lesions are associated with obstruc- 
tion to urinary flow and, consequently, 
are not prone to infection. The lesions 
include: redundant foreskin; dorsal 
hood; split glans penis; diphallus; hypo- 
spadius; and epispadius. Corrective 
surgery generally is done for cosmetic 
purposes only. 
Group two: Obstruction to the urin- 
ary tract may be located so that it af- 
fects both upper tracts, or it may be 
confined to one side. If confined to 
one side, it may establish infection 
that eventually affects the entire tract, 
making its identification difficult. In 
all cases, early detection and correc- 
tion determine the chances for a good 
long-term result. 
Anomalies of Group II that may 
cause lower tract obstruction include: 
phimosis; meatal stenosis (in both 
sexes); urethral defects (valves, stric- 
tures, hypertrophy of verumontanum, 
hypospadius, epispadius, and fistulae); 
and defects of the bladder, including 
outlet stenosis, exstrophy, neurogenic 
dysfunction, and fistulae. 
Phimosis and meatal stenosis are 
easily detected, common lesions in 
children. Unfortunately, they frequent- 
ly are overlooked as a cause of ob- 
struction. 
Upper tract anomalies that fre- 
quently result in infection include ur- 
eteral defects, such as ureterocele, 


meatal stenosis, reduplication, etc.; 
pelvic defects, such as outlet obstruc- 
tion; cysts, trapped calyx, etc.; and 
renal defects such as dysplasia, cysts, 
pelvic kidney, horseshoe kidney, etc. 
Corrective surgery 
When possible, the urine is steril- 
ized prior to surgery. This permits 
improved technique and reduces mor- 
bidity. Phimosis leading to obstruc- 
tion is an absolute indication for early 
circumcision or slitting of the orifice. 
At the same time, meatal adequacy 
should be checked, and meatotomy 
performed where indicated. Urethral 
valves can be corrected by transur- 
ethral resection, or by approaching 
them from above at open vesicostomy. 
Bladder neck stenosis is usually man- 
aged by revision of the bladder neck 
with a Y-V plasty. Ureteral stenosis 
may respond to simple dilation. Ureter- 
ocele is managed most frequently 
by ureteral re-implantation. Ectopic 
ureter is also managed by re-implanta- 
tion, although badly damaged renal 
tissue and ureter may warrant partial 
nephrectomy and ureterectomy. Uret- 
ero-pelvic obstruction will respond 
well to plastic revision of the junction 
using a variety of techniques. 


Postoperative management 
Organisms that have invaded the 
kidney frequently are difficult to era- 
dicate. Antibiotics do not easily pen- 
etrate scarred tissue. Also, resistant 
strains frequently emerge. Often this 
re-infection does not appear until a 
later date and may be mistaken for a 
new infection. The usual course of 
management consists of repeated urine 
cultures and suitable alteration of anti- 
biotics as the organisms change sen- 
sitivity. The value of long-term ther- 
apy in some cases is of considerable 
merit. 


Summary 
Congenital anomalies of the urinary 
tract frequently are associated with 
infection in a destructive combina- 
tion. Many of these defects are not 
detected until considerable damage has 
been done. Phimosis and meatal steno- 
sis are easily detectable, and should 
be kept in mind as a possible serious 
hazard. The detection of the lesions 
frequently requires persistent search- 
ing. The eradication of the accom- 
panying infection may be equally frus- 
trating. Some patients will require 
long-term therapy even after corrective 
surgery. An unfortunate number are 
not detected until advanced renal dam- 
age already has taken place. These 
patients may, in some instances, be 
candidates for dialysis or renal trans- 
plant. 0 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 45 



idea 
exchange 


The Canadian Nurse is always delighted to hear from readers with a "better idea." Send yours to share with your nursing colleagues. 


A recent tragedy at another hos- 
pital in our city made our staff ex- 
tremely fire conscious. To prevent the 
lesson from being forgotten, nursing 
staff in our hospital took steps to 
keep employees alert. 
The method of inservice education 
we developed may be especially useful 
for other chronic hospitals or nursing 
homes. 
Our problem was to keep student 
nurses and other newcomers to our 
hospital staff informed about the rapid 


removal of patients in case of emer- 
gency. As in most hospitals, our staff 
turnover is very high. This means that 
fire instruction, to be effective, must 
be almost continuous. We had to de- 
vise a method of in service education 
that suited our needs, could be used 
at anytime, and yet was inexpensive. 
Up to that time we had used two 
excellent films: They Called It Fire- 
proof and Emergency Evacuation of 
Patients. Although both are excellent 
teaching films, they have to be order- 


( 



 


ed long in advance and are available 
for only short periods at a time. We 
needed a teaching tool that was easy 
to use and available at all times. We 
decided that slides would serve our 
purpose. 
The techniques shown in Emer- 
gency Evacuation of Patients are easy 
to learn and effective. We set about 
adapting them to our situation. We 
practiced the methods of carry, using 
volunteers from staff and patients. 
Once we had learned the techniques 


, f r 
1 \ \1 , 
...- 
, 
----- 
46 THE CANADIAN NURSE OCTOBER 1967 



is technique is important for 
'lOving a patient while maintaining 
body alignment. It requires four 
sons. Three nurses lift the patient 
m the bed while the fourth prepares 
,lanket on the floor. 
I four nurses assist in lowering 
, patient to the floor. 
Ice the patient is on the blanket 
, nurses roll the edges to form 
finders to grasp and carry. 
Ie patient can now be lifted easily. 


loroughly, we set about recording 
tern on film. 
Everyone at the hospital soon be- 
Ime interested in the project because 
f staff participation. 
We also made large scale drawings 
f the procedures using the slides as 
lodels. These are posted in con- 
enient staff areas and serve as read- 
y available reminders. 
We soon discovered that our artis- 
c abilities were even more limited 
lan our acting ones. Fortunately we 


OCTOBER 1967 


.. 


\ 


discovered a method of tracing the 
figures using clear plastic. With the 
plastic we made outlines and thus 
proceeded with greater speed. In this 
way our work was completely original 
but it illustrated what we were trying 
to teach. 
We prepared seven procedures in 
all, based on the ones we found most 
satisfactory for our situation. Two 
of the procedures are shown in the 
accompanying photographs. 
We undertook this project because 
we believe that nurses should take the 


This technique is useful because one 
nurse can complete it by herself. 
The nurse places a blanket on the 
floor and kneels on it by the side of 
the bed. She moves the patient close 
to her edge of the bed. 
The nurse pulls the patient close 
to her chest. 
She lowers the patient to her knees, 
and then places him on the blanket. 
The nurse can now pull the patient 
on the blanket. 


The chair carry is an easy way of 
removing a patient who can sit down. 


, 


f 


c 


leadership and responsibility for teach- 
ing relatively untrained staff who are 
caring for their patients. Through the 
practice for filming, the permanent 
staff became very proficient in carry- 
ing out evacuation procedures. They 
are now prepared to direct emergency 
evacuation if it ever becomes neces- 
sary. And, fire prevention and control 
are the first procedures we teach 
in our program. - Viola Vandervoot, 
formerly Supervisor, Inservice Educa- 
tion, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 
Toronto, Ontario. 


11 


) 
t 
. 
I 



 


/ 


" 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 47 



research abstracts 


Heenan, Mary St. Roch, Sister. Proposed 
method of emluation of administrath'e 
behm'ior in nursing education. London, 
1962. Thesis (M.Sc.N.) Univ. of Western 
Ontario. 
Thi
 study was an attempt to measure in 
a reasonably objective manner the extent to 
which a stated philosophy mayor may not 
be operational in a school of nursing. A 
complete study was recognized to be beyond 
the scope of a single individual and this 
inve
tigator selected certain areas of admin- 
istrator-faculty. faculty-student relationships. 
Beginning with a classical philosophy, the 
investigator used its derivative fundamental 
assumptions to determine their implications 
for the area to be studied. These implica- 
tions were then de
igned a
 tools of mea- 
surement. 
Four hospital schools of nursing were 
used, and. in addition to the use of these 
measuring tools, direct observation and in- 
terviews formed the basis of the investigat- 
or's method. 
The measuring tools provided scores in 
each area under investigation and these 
were converted to percentages. The findings 
appear at the end of the study in graph 
form. The investigator supports the thesis 
that the extent to which a school's stated 
philosophy is operational. can be measured 
in a valid and reliahle way. 


Cunningham. Roberta J. A proposed method 
for emluation of teaching effectiveness in 
.rcllOols of nursing. London. 1962. Thesis 
(M.Sc.N.) Univ. of Western Ontario. 
Thi
 study represents an attempt to dem- 
onstrate that teaching effectiveness can be 
measured in a reasonably objective and valid 
manner. 
Tools of measurement were constructed 
on the basis of fundamental assumptions 
relevant to the educational process. These 
tool
 were then used to evaluate 15 teach- 
ers, 5 in each of 3 hospital schools of 
nursing. These teachers were observed and 
evaluated in 3 phases of their teaching ac- 
tivities: the selection, organization, and dir- 
ection of student learning experiences. Data 
card
 were designed for use in 3 types of 
teaching situations: the classroom. labora- 
tory and clinical area. and in combinations 
of these. 
Thirty student nurses, 10 in each school 
of nursing, evaluated 6 of the participating 
teachers. 2 in each school, using a rating 
scale developed by Dr. Loretta Heidgerken. 


48 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


The 15 teachers were asked to evaluate their 
own effectiveness using the same scale. 
Finally, the scores were tabulated. and 
percentages of total scores for each teacher 
were graphed. 
Findings from this study indicate that 
teaching effectiveness can be measured in 
a valid and reliable manner, using criteria 
based on fundamental assumptions concern- 
ing the educational process. 


Marie, Sister Ann. The reactions of student 
nurses to specific regulations in effect 
in nurses' residences. Boston, 1964. Field 
Study (M.S.) Boston University. 
This study was conducted to examine 
student nurse reactions to student council 
regulations. Answer were sought for the 
following questions: I. Do student council 
regulations promote desired results in terms 
of personal and social responsibility? 2. Is 
there a difference in acceptance of regula- 
tions between classes? 3. Is there a relation- 
ship between student level of satisfaction 
with the profession and their reactions to 
student council regulations? 4. Is there 
a difference of acceptance of regulations 
between schools operated by religious and 
those under secular direction? 
To investigate these areas, a rating scale 
was administered to student nurses on the 
freshman, junior, and senior level in two 
schools in Metropolitan Boston, one under 
religious direction and the other under sec- 
ular direction. 
The rating scale was made up of 38 
items taken from the handbooks of each 
school. It was set up to obtain student 
reactions to student council regulations on a 
five-point scale according to satisfaction 
or dissatisfaction with the regulations. Five 
open-ended questions were asked at the 
end of the rating scale to solicit reactions 
of satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the 
nursing profession and to collect data con- 
cerning growth in social and personal res- 
ponsibility. 
The results of the rating scale were ex- 
amined by means of the chi-square tech- 
nique to determine the difference in satisfac- 
tion and dissatisfaction with the student 
council regulations between the classes of 
each school and between the schools. Sat- 
isfaction or dissatisfaction with the nursing 
profession was obtained by categorizing the 
answers from questions two, three, four, 
and five into a "yes"/"no" nominal scale 
and the results compared with satisfaction or 


dissatisfaction with student council regula- 
tions. 
The responses to question one were ex- 
amined for growth in social and personal 
responsibility. 
The results of the study indicate that 
there is very little difference in dissatisfac- 
tion with student council regulations be- 
tween freshman. junior, or senior students 
in each school. When the schools were 
compared it was concluded that students in 
the school under secular direction reacted 
with more dissatisfaction than students in the 
school under religious direction. 
Growth in social and personal respon- 
sibility was indicated from the responses to 
the open-ended question number one on 
the rating scale in all classes in both schools 
in the area of personal concern, preparation 
for citizenship and maturity. 
The answer to question three of the 
study was obtained from the responses to 
the open-ended questions number two, 
three, four, and five at the end of the 
rating scale. It was concluded that there 
is no relationship with the nursing profes- 
sion and dissatisfaction with student council 
regulations. 


Watts, Evelyn M. An as.ressme1l1 of the U.re 
of nurse-patient relationship to provide 
three aspects of supportive emotional care 
in a psychiatric hospital. London. 1962. 
Thesis (M.Sc.N.) Univ. of Western On- 
tario. 
This study was an endeavor to assess the 
use of nurse-patient relationships in the pro- 
vision of three aspects of supportive emo- 
tional care. and. concurrently, to indentify 
the variety and extent of duties performed 
while not engaged in such relations. 
The assessment was made on 6 wards of 
a psychiatric hospital where the supportive 
emotional care of 54 patients. and the total 
activities of 15 nurses were observed. Three 
aspects of supportive emotional care - self- 
esteem, understanding, and security - were 
recorded as performed in 6 direct nursing 
functions. Support for the selection of these 
aspects of care is found in the literature of 
the disciplines of psychiatry. psychiatric 
nursing, psychology. and education. 
Those duties engaged in when not occu- 
pied in nurse-patient relationships were 
grouped into 13 categories. 
The method and the criteria used were 
found to be satisfactory for the purposes of 
this study. 0 


OCTOBER 1967 



books 


Ps
'chology, The Nurse and the Pa- 
tient, 2d ed., by Robert V. Heckel, 
B.S.. M.S., Ph.D., and Rose M. Jordan, 
B.S.. R.N. 344 pages. Saint Louis, Mosby, 
1967. 
Reviewed by Mrs. Alberta Casey, ClinicaJ 
Teacher in psychiatric nursing, Ottawa 
General Hospital School of Nursing, Ot- 
tawa, Ontario. 


This text is divided into five sections, 
all dealing with behavior. Included in the 
beginning chapters are the determiners, 
shapers, measures and modifiers of be- 
havior as well as a chapter dealing with the 
socio--cultural approach to behavior. Pre- 
ceding this is a short chapter on the de- 
velopment of good study habits. 
The aim of the authors is to present a 
general psychology text that relates the sub- 
ject to nursing. They have succeeded. 
From the beginning of e3ch thapter the 
reader follows a student nurse through the 
various phases of her education. Situations 
peculiar to nursing and nurses are outlined 
in dialogues between the student and her 
teachers and/or classmates. The authors 
then explain the psychological principles 
underlying them. 
The book presents a comprehensive chap- 
ter on growth and development that in- 
cludes a section on interpersonal relation- 
ships and communication. In the section on 
socio-<:ultural approach to behavior, the 
nurse and her background and place in so- 
ciety, are discussed. 
Adding to the well-organized material is 
the chapter on group behavior and leader- 
ship. With the current emphasis on team 
leadership in nursing. it is essential that the 
student be familiar with these principles. 
Other psychology texts written for nurses 
have been oversimplified. 
This text is complete, well-organized. 
readable and well-illustrated. It would be 
valuable in providing the student of nurs- 
ing with a thorough and applicable know- 
ledge of psychology. 


Scientüic Foundations of Nursing, 
2d. ed., by Madelyn T. Nordmark, and 
Anne W. Rohweder. 388 pages. J. B. 
Lippincott Co., Toronto. 
Reviewed by Miss Harriet Hayes, B.N., 
Associate Director of Nursin/!, Moncton 
Hospital, Moncton, N.H. 
The title of this book sums up its con- 
tents. The authors deal with scientific 
principles, taken from the natural and social 


OCTOBER 1967 


sciences that they believe form the scien- 
tific foundations of nursing. The book is 
readable, concise and well-organized. 
Two sections concern the natural and 
social sciences and their nursing applica- 
tions, followed by a section on the use of 
the material by nurse educators in planning 
course outlines and learning experiences for 
student nurses. 
Unit II deals with the natural sciences. 
The authors have stated 10 factors involved 
in maintaining or restoring physiological 
homeostasis, and seven additional factors 
necessary for effective and independent 
functioning of the human organism. Each 
factor is studied independently: a general 
statement or concept related to the factor 
is stated; and, in sequence, principles from 
anatomy and physiology, physics, chem- 
istry and pathology are related. At the 
end is a section dealing with the applica- 
tion of the principles in nursing. 
In unit III of the book, the authors dis- 
cuss social science in the same way, stating 
principles from psychology, sociology and 
anthropology that are applicable in helping 
to understand human behavior. Then, as in 
unit II. they have applied them to nurs- 
ing. Unit IV offers some suggestions as to 
the value and use of the book to nurse edu- 
cators in planning learning experiences for 
the nursing student. It gives student objec- 
tives and develops an outline for education 
in terms of behavior expected of the stu- 
dent to reach these objectives. 
This book would be valuable to the stu- 
dent and the professional nurse for refer- 
ence and review purposes. It is not a text- 
book, because its descriptions lack depth 
and detail; however it would be useful in 
helping students to realize the scientific 
basis for their knowledge. Nursing instruc- 
tors would find this book invaluable in 
help
ng students plan and analyze nursing 
care. 


Vietnam Doctor; The Story of Pro- 
ject Concern, by James W. Turpin with 
Al Hirshberg, 211 pages. Toronto, 
McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1966. 


Books and articles on medical care in 
Vietnam and the ubiquitous miniskirt 
seem to be having similar problems: over- 
exposure. However, if books on careers of 
sacrifice are for you, then this is a good 
one. 
Dr. Jim Turpin left the Methodist minis- 
try to enter medicine, with plans to become 


a medical missionary. This book tells his 
success story, from life as a socially-smart, 
well-to-do, and dissatisfied practitioner in 
Coronado, California, to that of a laboring, 
nearly-broke, and happy doctor-of-all-work 
in DaMpao, Vietnam. It tells the warm and 
human story of the establishment of Project 
Concern, a medical mission project that has 
grown into an international organization 
sponsoring much-needed civilian hospitals in 
Hong Kong and Vietnam. 
The story is warm and human, the prob- 
lems are vital and of concern to us all, and 
the book is well-written. Recommended for 
off-<luty reading. 


The Care and Training of the Mental- 
ly Subnormal, 3d ed., by Charles H. 
Hallas. S. R.N.. RMN, RNMS, RNT., 
254 pages. MacMillan Company of Can- 
ada Limited, Toronto. 
Reviewed by Mrs. Doris E. Thompson, 
Nurse Instructor, The Children's Psychi- 
atric Research Institute, London, Onto 


The fundamental purpose of this 254- 
page book was apparently to provide an 
up-to-date textbook for nurses employed 
in the care of the individual who is men- 
tally retarded and to emphasize realistic and 
positive action in the nursing care of these 
patients. This was to be accomplished by 
providing a scientific basis for this special 
field of nursing. It would appear that the 
author's intention was to capture the mood 
of change and to stimulate nurses to pro- 
vide better leadership in this field of nurs- 
ing, and to provide support and guidance 
to families of retarded individuals. 
This book provides many accurate facts 
and demonstrates the changes in care of the 
mentally retarded, but failed to stimulate 
this reader. The chapters on syndromes, 
classification of the clinical symptoms of 
mental retardation, and drugs are profes- 
sionally oriented, while those on occupa- 
tional therapy, rehabilitation, and commu- 
nity care are written for the non-profes- 
sional. 
The book provides an overview of the 
nursing care of the mentally retarded in 
Britain, but neglects to. provide the essen- 
tial details. The repetitious use of "reas- 
surance," "adequate diet," "suitable films," 
and "suitable temperaments" leaves the 
reader void of increased knowledge be- 
cause the author fails to explain what he 
means by "adequate" and "suitable" and 
does not describe the technique of reassur- 
ance. Statistics are stated as facts and un- 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 49 



books 


fortunately no reference sources are listed. 
The book centers around the British sys- 
tem of institutional care. community fa- 
cilities. and laws that relate to the care and 
training of the mentally retarded person. 
The terminology and classification of the 
patients according to intelligence quotient 
and performance is based on the British 
system. The author talks of the subnormal 
:md the severely-subnormal individual with- 
out giving adequate details of their abilities. 
The subject material is not weIl organiz- 
ed. Emotional problems and education of 
the mentally retarded are discussed in 
chapters VII and VIII, followed by psycho- 
logical development patterns of behavior 
and learning theory in chapters XVII. 
XVIII, and XX. 
The overall context of the book appears 
to be centered on programs and routines 
rather than patient-centered care. Syn- 
dromes are listed and described briefly 
from the genetic viewpoint, but the clinical 
pictures are inadequate and the influence 
of the syndromes on the patients' social, 
emotional, intellectual, and physical care is 
not described. Teaching self-care and inde- 


pendence is emphasized and the author 
states: "This is a task that demands great 

kill on the part of the nursing staff." He 
fails to explain the skills and the specific 
techniques required. 
The value of this book, to nurses work- 
ing with mentally retarded individuals in 
Canada. is questionable. 


Workbook For Gynecologic Nursing 
by Constance Lerch, R.N., B.S.(Ed.) and 
Joanne K. Wagner, R.N., B.S.(Nurs.). 121 
pages. Sair
: Louis, Mosby, 1967. 
Reviewed by Mrs. J. Burrows, Science 
Instructor, School of Nursing, St. Bon- 
iface General Hospital, Tache Avenue, 
Winnipeg, Manitoba. 


This workbook covers the topic of gyne- 
cological disorders quite adequately, with 
emphasis on the most common problems. II 
incorporates the knowledge of anatomy and 
physiology necessary for a comprehensive 
study of the female reproductive system and 
its disorders. 
Psychological aspects of care are stressed 
where applicable and some of the common 
misconceptions about female physiology and 
emotional instability are applied to patient 
situations. These situations are realistic and 
the questions relating to them should en- 
courage discussion within the student group. 
This will help the student to deal with such 


problems when she is faced with them in 
nursing practice. 
The reading list would help the student, 
both in answering questions and providing 
a source for further information on sub- 
jects of particular interest to her. 
The book appears to be up-to-date; many 
newer treatments and drugs are brought 
into the situations. It could serve as a 
valuable aid to the student of gynecologic 
nursing. 


The Heart, Arteries and Veins by J. 
WiIli
 Hurst. M.D., and R. Bruce Logue, 
M.D. 1255 pages. Toronto, McGraw-Hill, 
1966. 
Reviewed by Miss Arlene Aish. Assistant 
Professor, University of New Brunswick 
School of Nursing, Fredericton, New 
Brunswick. 


The field of cardiology is one in which 
knowledge is rapidly increasing. It is an 
extremely broad and complex area. The 
aim of this medical textbook is to cover 
the topic as completely as is possible within 
one volume. 
The editors, who consider themselves 
"basically teachers and clinicians," have 
contributed to many sections of the book 
themselves. They have enlisted the assistance 
of 65 contributing authors from medical 


Fads about Nursing in Canada 


1963 Non-Integrated 
BASIC Integrated 
(171) (87) (84) 
POST-BASIC With Major Graduates from 
(216) (211) 
Generic Baccalaureate Programs 
(5) . Nursing 
1964 In 
BASIC Integrated Non-Integrated 
(154) (81) (73) 1963 - 1966 
POST-BASIC With Major 
(255) (242) 
Generic Source: 
(13) Research Unit, 
1965 Canadian Nurses' 
BASIC Integrated Non-Integrated Association, 
(206) (101) (105) 1967 
POST-BASIC Generic With Major 
(343) (65) (278) 


1966 


BASIC 
(220) 


Integrated 
(125) 


POST-BASIC 
(442) 


Generic 
(90) 


50 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Non-Integrated 
(95) 


With Major 
(352) 


OCTOBER 1967 



I Know j8 nurse who isn't on our list? 
schools and health agencies across the l \ 
 \ .... }/ 
United States. "-.:: 
The articles cover a wide range of typical 
cardiovascular disorders and their medical 
and surgical treatment. Some topics that 
may be of particular interest are: genetics 
and the cardiovascular system; cardiovascu- 
lar anatomy and function; cardiovascular 
disease, symptoms, and emotional stress; 
cardiac arrest and resuscitation; and medico- 
legal aspects of heart disease. 
The material is offered in an objective 
manner. It is clear, concise, and augmented 
by many interesting illustrations. 
Considerable effort has been made by 
the editors to provide a comprehensive and 
useful index, a factor of prime importance 
in a reference book of this scope. 
The book is aimed toward medical stu- 
dents, practitioners and specialists. While 
nurses on a cardiac unit or in a school of 
nursing could find it a useful reference, 
possibly a more basic text would better 
serve this purpose. 


books 


Fluid and Electrolyte Balance by Mar- 
garet L. Dickens, R.N., M.S., 206 pages. 
Toronto, The Ryerson Press, 1967. 
Reviewed by Miss R. Roslyn K/aiman, 
Instructor, Ryerson Polyteclmical Institute 
Nursing Course, Toronto, Ontario. 


This new programmed text on fluid and 
electrolyte balance is published in a small, 
soft-cover edition with clear, easy to read 
print. Although the title does not indicate 
a pediatric orientation, Miss Dickens makes 
this clear in the introduction. The text is 
designed to prepare student nurses to meet 
and cope with the problems of fluid and 
electrolyte balance in children. 
The text is presented in the form of an 
intrinsic or "scrambled" program paradigm 
with the content divided into five major 
sections: 1. water; Z. fluid equilibrium; 
3. body fluids and electrolytes; 4. acid- 
base balance; 5. special considerations of 
nursing problems encountered when caring 
for a child receiving parenteral fluid ther- 
apy. Also included are work sheets for stu- 
dents to use in checking their progress 
while working with the program. 
The first four sections deal extensively 
with their topic. Though examples are 
drawn from pediatric situations, transfer to 
the adult patient is easily made. The author 
messes the important though difficult as- 
pects of the physiology and biochemistry 
involved and makes use of lengthy ex- 
planations and diagrams to aid the student's 
understanding of these. In the final section 
she presents specific problems relating to 
the nursing care of the child receiving par- 
enteral fluid therapy. Included in this sec- 


OCTOBER 1967 



 


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r 
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The Canadian Nurse has an international 
reputation as a reliable source of informa- 
tion and ideas for nurses in every branch 
of the profession. It makes an exciting gift 
for students, for classmates who have tem- 
porarily retired, and for nursing friends 
overseas. 


A handsome gift card, handsigned with your name, will be ..nt announcing your gift. 
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 51 



books 


tion are aspects of growth and development 
as well as the psychological implications in- 
volved in caring for children undergoing 
traumatic procedures. The text appears to 
be designed mainly for the baccalaureate 
or post-basic student; however, section five 
seems to be directed to the diploma student. 
The general coverage of the subject mat- 
ter in this text is vast and prepares the 


student for almost any situation she might 
encounter in this area. However, the au- 
thor's presentation of the material in the 
form of a programmed text defeats the 
purpose of programming. Although she 
employs the scrambled paradigm through- 
out, she generally limits the student to two 
possible answers for each question present- 
ed. Thus, the student who makes an error 
is advised to reread the content in which 
the error was made, but can (and probably 
will) forgo this and simply choose the sec- 
ond alternative. Moreover, the author uses 
the answers as a vehicle for presenting 


DANDRUFF 
WARD 


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WARD 


10-. 


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You won't see this in your hospital 


We're not trying to fool you. 
We're making a point! 
That dandruff is a serious medical 
problem and the only truly effective 
treatment is the medical one - Selsun 
by Abbott. 
Selsun clears up annoying, unsight- 
ly dandruff in two or three treatments. 
(thoroughly effective in 92% to 95% 
cases reported!). 
You use it like any shampoo. Works 
fast. Comes in a handy unbreakable 
bottle. Leaves your hair glistening. 


Really, there's no room for dandruff 
in your professional or social life. Use 
Selsun and get to the root of the 
problem. 
Precautions: Occasional sensitization 
of the neck and external ear may 
occur. Falling hair which may accom- 
pany scalp treatment is usually due to 
an impoverished or diseased condition 
of the hair and scalp. 
1 Slinger, W. N., and Hubbard, D. M., Treaf- 
ment 01 Seborrheic DermatitIs with a Shampoo 
Containing Selenium Disulfide, Arch. Dermat. 
& Syph., 64:41, 1951. 


eJ 


Selsun- 


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(Selenium SulfIde Detergent Suspension, U.S.P.) 


ABBOTT LABORATORIES LIMITED Halifax' Montreal. Toronto. Winnipeg. Vancouver 


52 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


new information, often assuming knowledge 
on the part of the student for which there 
is no evidence. She directs each student 
through identical sequences, thereby provid- 
ing no scope for the student who either 
knows the material and could eliminate 
certain areas or who requires more explana- 
tion than initially is offered. 
Of prime importance in reviewing a pro- 
grammed text is the consideration of the 
author's description of the objectives, the 
expectation of the knowledge that the stu- 
dent must bring to the text, plus a descrip- 
tion of the type of student for whom the 
text was designed. Miss Dickens offers none 
of these. The depth of content in some 
areas seems to imply that a thorough know- 
ledge of physiology and biochemistry is 
required, yet in other areas students are 
admonished for not seeking aid from dic- 
tionaries or other texts to further their 
grasp of the material. In some areas con- 
siderable depth of knowledge is required 
in response to questions, and in others the 
simplicity of the question appears incon- 
gruous. 
The author also employs the unfortunate 
technique of chastising or punishing stu- 
dents for incorrect responses by use of sar- 
castic statements, such as "Whatever made 
you select this answer?" "Are you reading?" 
"Come on now!" Similarly, even when a 
student has selected the correct response, 
there occasionally seems to be the implica- 
tion that this was not obtained on the first 
try by the use of statements such as "Now 
you are using your head." 
In this reviewer's opinion, all value of 
this text as an adjunct to a pediatric course 
bibliography is lost because of the pro- 
gramming techniques employed. It has a 
use as a reference text for students wishing 
to avail themselves of the content despite 
the poor presentation; however, this would 
require careful guidance by the pediatric 
instructor. 


Medical Dictation and Transcription 
by Phyllis E. Davis and Nancy V. Her- 
shelman. 465 pages. John Wiley & Sons, 
Inc., New York, 1967. 
Reviewed by Miss Dianne J. Gordon, 
Chief Medical Record Librarian, Regina 
General Hospital, Regina, Saskatchewan. 


Programmed instruction appears to be 
taking priority over detailed classroom in- 
struction in some fields. This book is an 
example of the combination of text and 
workbook. It pròvides dictation and tran- 
scription training for the medical secretary. 
It is assumed that the student is already 
efficient in taking dictation by Gregg short- 
hand and has a vast knowledge of med- 
ical terminology to be eJ.igible for this 
specific aspect of programmed instruction. 
The dictation material is divided into 
eleven categories that follow closely the 
classic order of presentation of the anatom- 


OCTOBER 1967 



books 


ical systems. Again, it is assumed that the 
student is concurrently being instructed in 
anatomy. Model forms of letters, discharge 
summaries, case histories, and operative, x- 
ray, pathology, and consultation reports are 
outlined at the beginning so that the stu- 
dent will have acceptable form3ts to follow 
when setting up the various transcription 
assignments. 
All examples used in the preparation of 
the text are factual and were contributed 
by hospitals, clinics, and specialists in the 
field. They are typical of the dictation a 
medical secretary would encounter on the 
job. 
Dictation assignments follow according 
to the anatomical systems. Each category 
presents a variety of procedures from which 
the most difficult medical tenns have been 
extracted. These medical tenns have been 
illustrated in Gregg shorthand and a prac- 
tice line left for the student, which gives 
her some understanding of everything she 
writes in shorthand. Word counts are il- 
lustrated at the end of each practice pro- 
cedure to facilitate the student in correct 
timing at varying speeds. Naturally, the goal 
is speed and accuracy. 
The application of a program of this 
type is becoming out-dated. It is question- 
able whether this text would benefit any 
student or prospective employer. One reason 
is that the use of facilities such as tele- 
phone dictation and individual dictation 
units has proven to be just as effective as 
having dictation taken in shorthand by a 
medical secretary and transcribed. 


Medical Care, Readings in the Sociol- 
ogy of Medical Institutions by W. 
Richards Scott and Edmund H. Vol kart 
(with assistance of Lynda Lytle Holm
 
strom). 595 pages. New York, John Wiley 
& Sons, Inc., J 966. 
Reviewed by Miss Moyra AI/en, Associate 
Professor, School of Nursing, McGill 
University, Montreal. 


This book provides an intensive study 
of the social structure of medical insti- 
tutions. The editors believe that the CrISIS 
in American medicine is concerned not with 
the quality of medical services, but with 
their organization and distribution. 
Many of the classic articles with which 
we have become familiar are brought to- 
gether to identify some of the far-reaching 
changes in the organization of medical care 
and many of the problems contingent on 
these changes. Writings of such authors as 
Everett Hughes, Howard Becker, Oswald 
Hall, and many others have been edited to 
provide a focus upon medical problems that 


OCTOBER 1967 


exist in the larger sense as sociological 
problems. Recent developments in medicine 
have resulted in such problems as: frag- 
mentation of care due to increased special- 
ization; modifications in the nature of the 
doctor-patient relationship due to "third- 
party" medical insurance; the growth of 
group practice that converts the physician 
from an independent "entrepreneur" to a 
salaried "bureaucrat," among others. 
The arrangement of papers in this col- 
lection is such that discussions of the two 
basic medical roles - healer and patient - 
are followed by chapters dealing with 


various aspects of the therapeutic relation- 
ship. 
The editors make use of such concp.pts 
as nonns, values, and practices in their 
analysis of institutional behavior both at 
the level of the individual role and at 
the level of the larger role system. The 
four parts of the book and their subsec- 
tions each contain an introduction in which 
the particular theme is developed as part 
of the overall structure of the book. The 
volume concludes with a series of papers 
on hospitals and clinics and their relation- 
ship to the larger society. Each subsection 


ONE-STEP PREP 


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with 
FLEET ENEMÞ: 
sÙlgle dose 
disposable unit 
FLEET ENEMA's fast prep time obsoletes soap and 
water procedures. The enema does not require warm- 
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ordeal of injecting large quantities of fluid into the 
bowel, and the possibility of water intoxication. 
The patient should preferably be lying on the left side 
with the knees flexed, or in the knee-chest position. 
Once the protective cap has been removed, and the 
prelubricated anatomically correct rectal tube gently 
inserted, simple manual pressure on the container 
does the rest! Care should be taken to ensure that 
the contents of the bowel are completely expelled. Left 
4 ;;.;i% colon catharsis is normally achieved in two to five 
minutes, with little or no mucosal irritation, pain or 
spasm. If a patient is dehydrated or debilitated, 
hypertonic solutions such as FLEET ENEMA, must 
be administered with caution. Repeated use at short 
intervals is to be avoided. Do not administer to children 
under six months of age unless directed by a physician. 
And afterwards, no scrubbing, no sterilisation, no 
preparation for re-use. The complete FLEET ENEMA 
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Every special plastic "squeeze-bottle" contains 41f2 
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Each J 00 cc. of FLEET ENEMA contains: 
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For our brochure: "The Enema: Indications and Techniques", 
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books 


is followed by an annotated bibliography 
organized according to the various topics 
in the particular subsection. 
This work is rich in ideas that enable the 
reader to perceive the implications for all 
persons who work in, or are a part of, a 
medical institution. More particularly, it 
reveals the institutional forces that operate 
on nurses, nursing practice, the preparation 
of nurses, and on the profession as a whole. 
The contents help the reader to assess the 
character of nursing goals, their value, and 
their practicality in the modem world of 
medical 
re. 
Undoubtedly, the concern with the Amer- 
ican scene detracts from the value of this 
book in the Canadian setting. However, the 
historical and cross-cultural approaches per- 
mit the reader to view problems in the 
perspective of time and number of situa- 
tions. The articles selected by the editors 
indicate the variation in the influences, 
forces, and stresses operating within the 
medical institution, yet highlight recurring 
patterns at the individual, group, and com- 
munity levels. 
It is unfortunate that the editors, who 
have both been associated with the program 
in medicine in the behavioral sciences at 
Stanford University, have changed their 
professional commitments, making publica- 
tion of subsequent volumes in this origin- 
ally envisioned series, improroble. 


films 


Mental Health 
Full Circle, a USA mental health film 
produced in 1964, is now available in Can- 
ada through the Canadian Film Institute, 
1762 Carling Ave., Ottawa 13. The 26- 
minute, black-and-white film would be a 
valuable aid in nursing education, and 
would also be useful for public education 
and recruitment programs. 
The film should be booked well ahead; 
a small fee is charged for rental. 
Full Circle illustrates the importance of 
work as a therapeutic tool in the adjust- 
ment of the mentally ill. The film tells 
the story of a young woman patient, Ka- 
ren, and covers all aspects of her hospital 
treatment, but with special attention to a 
work adjustment group as an effective tech- 
nique in her treatment. A vocational re- 
habilitation counselor, working as a mem- 
ber of the hospital team, holds group ses- 
sions where patients can air their feelings 
about going back to work. 
As Karen improves, she is discharged 
rom hospital and returns to her job. How- 


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OCTOBER 1967 



Next Month 
in 


The 
Canadian 
Nurse 


. homosexuality among women 


. eight-page color supplement 
on official opening of CN A 
House 


. impact of prepared childbirth 
on nursing 



 

 


Photo credits 


Royal Victoria Hospital, 
p.34,37,39,42,43 


United Nation's Children's Fund, 
p.8 


Victoria Hospital, London, 
Ontario, p. 27 


The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 
Toronto, p. 47 


OCTOBER 1967 


ever, she continues to attend the work 
adjustment discussion sessions. 
The film stresses the need for compre- 
hensive community health services, and 
shows how a mentally ill person can be 
successfully and quickly helped when she 
can be cared for in her own community 
rather than in the traditional mental setting. 


accession list 


Publications in this list of material 
received recently in the CNA library are 
shown in language of source. The majority 
(reference material and theses, indicated 
by R excepted) may be borrowed by CNA 
members, and by libraries of hospitals and 
schools of nursing and other institutions. 
Requests for loans should be made on the 
"Request Form for Accession List" (page 
57) and should be addressed to: The 
Library, Canadian Nurses' Association, 
50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario. 


BOOKS AND DOCUMENTS 
I. Annual meeting, reports, 1967. St. 
Johns, Association of Registered Nurses of 
Newfoundland. Iv. 
2. Annual reports, 1967. Regina, Saskat- 
chewan Registered Nurses' Association. 48p. 
3. An atlas of nursing techniques by 
Norma Greenler Dison. St. Louis, Mosby, 
1967. 2S8p. 
4. Biennial reports 10 the membership 
1965-66. New York, National League for 
Nursing, 1967, 87p. 
5. Education and libraries selected papers 
by Louis Round Wilson. Edited, with a 
biographical sketch and commentary by 
Maurice F. Tauber and Jerrold Orne. Harn- 
den, Conn., Shoestring Press, c1966. 344p. 
6. Folio of reports, 1967. Winnipeg, 
Manitoba Association of Registered Nurses. 
SSp. 
7. Folio of reports 1967. Fredericton, 
Registered Nurses' Association of New 
Brunswick. Iv. 
8. Folio of reports, 1967. Halifax, Regis_ 
tered Nurses' Association of Nova Scotia. 
SSp. 
9. Hospital industrial engineering, a guide 
to the improvement of hospital manage- 
ment systems by Harold E. Smalley and 
John R. Freeman. New York, Reinhold, 
c1966. 460p. 
I \. Inter-University Faculty Work Con- 
ference, Third, Cape Cod, Mass.. June 20- 
14, 1966 Proceedings, prepared by Winifred 
H. Griffin. Winchester, Mass., New Eng- 
land Board of Higher Education, 1966. 
70p. 
12. The McPherson experiment; expand- 
ing community hospital services by John R. 
Griffith, Lewis E. Weeks ond James H. 
SulIivan. Ann Arbor, Bureau of Hospital 


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pressure-sensitive gummed to 
prevent contamination. It was de- 
veloped for Autoclaving with the 
help of medical, paper, printing, 
adhesive, and chemical experts. 
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 55 



accession list 


Administration, Univ. of Michigan, 1967. 
337p. 
13. Man and his family by Wilder Pen- 
field. Foreword by Georges P. Vanier. Tor- 
onto, McCeIland and Stewart, c1967. 93p. 
14. Manuel alphabétique de psychiatrie 
clinique et thérapeutique par Antoine Po- 
rot. 3. éd. Paris, Presses Universitaires de 
France, 1965. 583p. 
15. Marriage and nursing: a survey of 
registered and enrolled nurses by Gertrude 
A. Ramsden and Muriel H. Skeet. London, 
Dan Mason Nursing Research Committee, 
1967. 112p. 
16. One hundred years of medicine in 
Canada by H. E. MacDermot, Toronto, 
McCelland and Stewart, c1967. 224p. 
17. Ontario school and university enrol- 
ment projections to /98/-82 by Cicely Wat- 
son and Saeed Quazi. Toronto, Ontario In- 
stitute for Studies in Education, 1966. 68p. 
18. Pediatric nursing by Helen C. Latham 
and Robert C. Heckel with the collabora- 
tion of Margaret C. Moore. St. Louis, Mos- 
by, 1967. 516p. 
19. Personal and community health by 


C.E. Turner. 13th ed. St. Louis, Mosby, 
1967. 448p. 
20. Personal and community health test 
manual by C.E. Turner. 13th ed. St. Louis, 
Mosby, 1967. 94p. 
21. A proposed plan for the orderly de- 
velopment of nursing education in British 
Columbia. Pt. one, basic nursing education. 
Vancouver, Registered Nurses' Association 
of British Columbia, 1967. 38p. 
22. Prospects of the world food supply. 
Proceedings of a symposium. Washington, 
National Academy of Sciences, 1966. 84p. 
23. Quiet evolution a study of the educa- 
tional system of Ontario by Robin S. Har- 
ris. Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 
c1967. 168p. 
24. The shifting scene, foundations for 
strength. Papers presented at 22nd Confer- 
ence of the Council Member Agencies of 
the Dept. of Baccalaureate and Higher 
Degree Programs, Seattle Nov. 16-18, 1966. 
New York, National League for Nursing, 
Dept. of Baccalaureate and Higher Degree 
Programs, 1967. 42p. 
25. Statewide planning for nursing edu- 
cation by Lucile Petry Leone. Atlanta, Ga., 
Southern Regional Education Board, 1967. 
42p. 
26. Structure of the human body by 
Weston D. Gardner and WiIliam A. Os- 
burn. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1967. 417p. 


pO 
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graphically perform Colostomy, Ileostomy I1eal- 
Bladder, Wet Colostomy and Cutaneous Ureterostomy 
surgery. 
As an instructor, you are afforded a simple, effective method of teaching the surgical 
mechanics and organs involved in ostomy surgery; as a student, you immediately see 
and understand the procedures of ostomy surgery; and as a nurse, you have the per- 
fect vehicle for visual demonstrations to the patient who is to undergo ostomy surgery. 
The "Mini-Guide" anatomical demonstrator is priced at $1.00 on this money-back 
offer 773 CN. 





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56 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


27. Technical, office and commercial 
contract summary report. Ottawa, Canadian 
Labour Congress, 1967. 3v. 
28. Textbook of anatomy and physiology 
by Catherine Parker Anthony. 7th ed. St. 
Louis, Mosby, 1967. 585p. 
29. Textbook of public health nursing by 
Ethel L. Kallins. St. Louis, Mosby, 1967. 
480p. 
30. Workbook for gynecologic nursing by 
Constance Lerch. St. Louis, Mosby, 1967. 
121p. 


PAMPHLETS 
31. Appropriate functions of the licensed 
practical nurse in nursing service. Afbany, 
N.Y., New York State Nurses' Association, 
1967. IIp. 
32. Biology of fertility control by perio- 
dic abstinence. Geneva, World Health Or- 
ganization, 1967. 20p. (Its Technical Report 
series no. 360). 
33. Bylaws of National League for Nurs- 
ing as amended May /967. New York, Na- 
tional League for Nursing, 1967. 27p. 
34. The Canadian Nurses' Association; 
what it is; what it does. Ottawa, Canadian 
Nurses' Association, 1967. 7p. 
35. Change, collaboration, community in- 
volment; a synthesis of views on nursing. 
New York, National League for Nursing. 
Committee on Perspectives, 1967. 12p. 
36. Practical problems of using telemetry 
in intensive care wards by G. Douglas Tal- 
bott. Washington, National Aeronautics and 
Space Administration, 1965. 5
IOp. 
37. Professional examination service. 
New York, American Public Health Asso- 
ciation, 1967. 26p. 
38. Report of joint committee of 
RNABC/BC/T on nursing education. Van- 
couver, Registered Nurses' Association of 
British Columbia, 1966. 18p. 
39. Self help Parkinson's disease by Do- 
rothy Dent. Ottawa, 1967. 32p. 
40. Statements on the recommendations 
of the Ad Hoc Committee on Nursing Edu- 
cation province of Saskatchewan. Regina, 
Saskatchewan Registered Nurses' Associa- 
tion, 1965? lOp. 
41. Statements on the recommendations 
of the report of the Minister of Health's 
Committee on the Supply of Nurses. Win- 
nipeg, Manitoba Association of Registered 
Nurses, 1967. 26p. 


GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS 
Canada 
42. Bureau of Statistics. Census of Ca- 
nada, /966. Population counties and subdi- 
visions. Ottawa, Queen's Printer, 1967. 4v. 
(D.B.S. Cat. no. 92-603-606) 
43. Bureau of Statistics. Salaries and qual- 
ifications of teachers in universities and 
colleges /966-67. Ottawa, Queen's Printer, 
1967. 17p. (D.B.S. Cat. no. 81-203) 
44. Bureau of Statistics. Survey of voca- 
tional education and training /963-64. Ot- 
tawa, Queen's Printer, 1967. 84p. (D.B.S. 
Cat. no. 81-209) 


OCTOBER 1967 



accession list 


45. Bureau of Statistics. Vital statIStICS 
1965. Ottawa, Queen's Printer, 1967. 213p. 
I 
D.B.S. Cat. no. 84-202) 
46. Dept. of Labour. Labour-manage- 
I ment. Joint consultation at work: hospitals, 
service industries, commercial enterprises. 
Ottawa, Queen's Printer, 1967. 15p. 
47. Dept. of National Health and Wel- 
fare. Film library cataloRue. Ottawa, 
Queen's Printer, 1967. I 85p. 
48. Lois, statues etc. Codification des ac- 
tes de I'Amérique du Nord Britannique 
(1867 à 1965) préparé par Elmer A. Dried- 
ger. Ottawa, Imprimeur de la Reine, 1967. 
SOp. 
49. Parliament. Special Joint Committee 
of the Senate and House of Commons on 
Divorce. Report. Ottawa, Queen's Printer, 
1967. 99p. 
50. Royal Commission on Health Ser- 
vices. Pharmacist manpower in Canada by 
Thomas M. Ross. Ottawa, Queen's Printer, 
1967. 136p. 
51. Science Council. Report, 1966/67. 
38p. 
New Brunswick 
52. Royal Commission on Employer-Em- 


ployee Relations in the Public Services of 
New Brunswick. Report by Saul J. Frankel. 
Fredericton, 1967. 102p. 
Ontario. 
53. Dept. of Health Environmental 
Health Branch. Occupational health nursing 
in Ontario; a report on results from a 
questionnaire prepared by M.I. Hardy. Tor- 
onto, 1967. 88p. 
Quebec 
54. Commission d'Enquête sur la Santé 
et Ie Bien-être social. Rapport, volume 2, 
les médecins internes et résidents. Québec 
(ville), Gouvernement du Québec, 1967. 
79p. 
United States 
55. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel- 
fare. Public Health Service. Binocular vi- 
sual acuity of adults by region and selected 
demographic characteristics, United States 
1960-62. Washington, U.S. Gov!. Print. 
Off., 1967. 39p. 
56. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel- 
fare. Public Health Service. Ref.resher pro- 
grams for inactive professional nurses; a 
guide for development courses of study 
Washington, U.S. Gov!. Print. Off., 1967. 
SOp. 
57. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel- 
fare. Public Health Service. Toward im- 
proved learning a collection of significant 
reprints for the medical educator. Compiled 
by the Public Health Service Audiovisual 


Facility. Atlanta, 1967. 417p. 
58. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel- 
fare. Public Health Service, Division of 
Nursing. How to determine nursing expen- 
ditures in small health agencies, a proce- 
dure using work units by Marion Ferguson. 
Rev. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 
1966. 54p. 
59. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel- 
fare. Welfare Administration. Information 
services in public welfare agencies by Ber- 
nadette W. Hoyle. Washington, U.S. Govl. 
Print. Off., 1967. 39p. 
60. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel- 
fare Administration. Open every door. The 
goal for nursing homes and title VI of the 
Civil Rights Act of 1964. Washington, U.S. 
Gov!. Print. Off., 1967. 14p. 


STUDIES IN CNA REPOSITORY COLLECTION 
61. The colltribution of nursmg personnel 
in an interdisciplinary approach to the care 
of the aged in a particular institution by 
Mary Oressa Hubbert. London, 1964. 176p. 
Thesis (M.Sc.N) University of Western On- 
torio. R 
62. A study to explore the effect of a 
planned, pre-operative nursing visit, with 
post-operative reinforcement, on the amount 
of analgesic used post-operatively by chol- 
ecystectomy patients by Elsie Ruth Yvans 
Dyche. Washington, 1966. 138p. Thesis (M. 
N.) - Washington University."R 0 


Request Form 
for "Accession List" 
CANADIAN NURSES' 
ASSOCIATION LIBRARY 


++++++++++ 
++++++++++ 
++
.+++++++ 
++

++++++ 
++++++++++ 
++++++++++ 
++++++++++ 
+++++ 


Tums 
consume 
93 times their 
own weight 
in excess 
stomach 
acid! 


Send this coupon or facsimile to: 
LIBRARIAN, Canadian Nurses' Association, 
50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario. 
Please lend me the following publications, listed in the 
issue of The Canadian Nurse, 
or add my name to the waiting list to receive them when 
available. 
Item Author Short title (for identification) 
No. 


Laboratory tesTS show Tums neu- 
tralize 93 fimes their own weight 
in excess stamach acids. and that 
they maintain a balanced level for 
long periods, foo. Tums go to work 
in seconds on gas, hearfburn and 
indigestion. And they taste pleas- 
antly minty, need no water and 
cost so very little. Those are the 
facts. So nexf time your tummy 
gives you a furn. give Tums a fry. 
They're worth their weight in goldl 


Request for loans will be filled in order of receipt. 
Reference and restricted material must be used in the 
CNA library. 
Borrower 
Registration No. 
Position 


think how fast they'll work 
on your tummy upsets! 


OCTOBER 1%7 


Address 


4lYtw$.
 


Date of request 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 57 



classified advertisements 


ALBERTA 


Registered Nunes required for a 51-bed active 
treatment hospital, situated in east central Alberto. 
Salary range from $400 to $460 commensurate with 
experience. Full maintenance in new nurses' resid- 
ence for $40 per month, sick leave and pension 
benefits available, 4O-hour work week, 21 days plus 
statutory holidays after the first year, and 28 days 
plus statutory holidays after five years. For further 
information kindly contact: W.N. Saranchuk, Admin- 
istrator, Elk Point, Municipal Hospital, Elk Point, 
Alberto. 1-34.1 


Registered Nunes for General Duty in a 32-bed 
hospital. Boord and Room $40.00 per month. Salary 
range $390.00 to $475.00. For further information 
contact: The Director of Nursing, St. Theresa Hos- 
pitol, Ft. Vermilion, Alberto. 


Ballano General Hospital _require, Nun.. for General 
Duty. Active treatment 30-bed hospital in the ranching 
area of southern Alberto. Town on Number I trans. 
Canedo Highway mid-way between the cities of 
Calgary and Medicine Hot. Nurses on stoff must be 
willing and able to toke responsibility in all depart- 
ments of nursing, with the exception of the Operating 
Room. Single rooms available in comfortable residen- 
ce on hospital grounds at a nominal rate. Apply to: 
Mrs. M. Hislop, Administrator and Director of Nurs- 
ing, Bassono General Hospital, Bassono, Alberto. 


General Duty Nurses for active, accredited, well- 
equipped 64-bed hospital in growing town, population 
3,500. Salaries range from $380-$440 commensurate 
with experience, other benefits. Nurses residence. 
Excellent personnel policies and working conditions. 
New modern wing opened this year. Good commu- 
nications to lorge nearby cities. Apply Director of 
Nursing, Brooks General Hospital, Brooks, Alberto. 
1-13-IB 


ADVERTISING 
RATES 


FOR ALL 
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING 


$10.00 for 6 lines or less 
$2.00 for each additional line 


Rates for display 
advertisements on request 


Closing date for copy and cancellation is 
6 weeks prior to 1st day of publication 
month. 
The Canadian Nurses' Association has 
not yet reviewed the personnel policies 
of the hospitals and agencies advertising 
in the Journal. For authentic information, 
prospective applicants should apply to 
the Registered Nurses' Association of the 
Province in which they are interested 
in working. 


Address correspondence to: 


The 
Canadian 
Nurse 


ð 
'Ç7 


50 THE DRIVEWAY 
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO. 


58 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


I I 


ALBERTA 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES - Salary range - $4,320 
to $5,460 per annum, 40 hour week. Modern living- 
in facilities available at moderate rates, if desired. 
Civil Service holiday, sick leave and pension bene- 
fits. Starting salary commensurate with training 
and experience. Apply to: Superintendent of Nurses, 
Boker Memorial Sanatorium, Box 72, Calgary, 
Alberto. 1-14.3 A 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 94-bed General Hos- 
pital located in Alberto's unique Badlands. $380- 
$440 per month, approved AARN and AHA per- 
sonnel policies. Apply to: Miss M. Hawkes, Director 
of Nursing, Drumheller General Hospital, Drumhel- 
ler, Alberto. 1-31-2A 


General Duty Nurses for 64.bed active treatment 
hospital, 35 miles south of Calgary. Salary range 
$380 - $450. Living accommodation available in sep- 
orate residence if desired. Full maintenance in 
residence $45.00 per month. Excellent Personnel 
Policies and working conditions. Please apply to: 
The Director of Nursing, High River General Hos- 
pital, High River, Alberto. 1-46-IA 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Modern 26.bed hospital 
close to Edmonton. 3 buses doily. Salary $380 to 
$450 per month commensurate with experience. 
Residence available at $40.00 per month. Excellent 
personnel policies. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Mayerthorpe Municipal Hospital, Mayertharpe, Al- 
berto. 1.61-1 


General Duty Nurling positions ore available in a 
100-bed convalescent rehabilitation unit forming 
port of a 330-bed hospital complex. Residence 
available. Salary 1967 - $380 to $450. per mO. 
1968 - $405 to $485. Experience recognized. For 
full particulars contact Director of Nursing Service, 
Auxiliary Hospital, Red Deer, Alberto. 


General Duty Nunes required by 150-bed general 
hospital presently expanding to 230 beds. Salary 
1967, $380 to $450; 1968 - $405 to $485. Experi- 
ence recognized. Residence available. For particulars 
contact Director of Nursing Service, Red Deer 
General Hospital, Red Deer, Alberto. 


General Duty Nune for modern 50-bed active hospital 
in Central Alberto, on highway #20. Salary $380- 
$450, 40 hour week, Pension plan, Blue Cross & 
M.S.1. available. Full maintenance $45.00. Full re- 
cognition of post service upon proof. Apply to Ad- 
ministrator, Ponoka General Hospital, Box 699 Pono- 
ka, Alberto. 


Public Health Nurse required by the Athabasca 
Health Unit sub-office at Lac La Biche, Alberto. 
P.H.N. preferred, R.N. considered. Salary in accord- 
ance with experience and qualifications. For further 
information apply Medical Officer of Health, Atha- 
basca Health Unit, Box 1140, Athabasca, Alberto. 


Nunes required for a 50-bed AUXILIARY HOSPITAl 
in town of 4000. Salay range $380 - $450. Experi- 
ence recognized. Residence accommodation avail- 
able. Policies available on request. Apply to Mrs. 
A. Tetarenka, R.N., Director of Nursing, Wainwright- 
Provost Auxiliary Hospital, Wainwright, Alberto. 


BRITISH COLUMBIA 


ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL, VICTORIA, B.C.: Invites 
B.C. Registered Nurses (or those eligible) to apply 
for these positions: SUPERVISOR for a 42-bed Psychia- 
tric Unit. HEAD NURSE for modern Post-Operative 
Recovery Room. GENERAL STAFF for Psychiatric Unit. 
Apply indicating preparation and experience to: 
Director of Nursing, Victoria, British Columbia. 
2-76-4A 


Operating Room Head Nurse ($464 - $552), General 
Duty Nurses (B.C. Registered $405 - $481, non-Regis- 
tered $390) for fully accredited 113.bed hospital in 
N.W. B.C. Excellent fishing, skiing, skating, curling 
and bowling. Hot springs swimming nearby. Nurses' 
residence, room $20 per month. Cafeteria meals. 
Apply: Director of Nursing, Kitimat General Hospital, 
Kitimat, British Columbia. 2-36.1 


I I 


BRITISH COLUMBIA 


OPERATING ROOM SUPERVISOR required for 121- 
bed active General Hospital situated in the Okano- 
gan Volley. Advanced preparation preferred. Bosic 
1967 salary - $468. RNABC policies in effect. Ap_ 
ply: Director of Nursing, Penticton Hospital, Pentic- 
ton, British Columbia. 


REGISTERED, GRADUATE NURSES and PRACTICAL 
NURSES - For modern 70-bed accredited hospital 
on Vancouver Island, B.C. Resort area - Home of 
the tyee salmon. Four hours travelling time to City 
of Vancouver, RNABC policies and Union Contracl 
in effect. Residence accommodation available. Direct 
enquiries to:-Director of Nursing Services, Camp- 
bell River & District General Hospital, Campbell 
River, British- Columbia. 


B.C. R.N_ for General Duty in 32 bed General Hospi- 
tal. RNABC 1967 salary rate $390 - $466 and fringe 
benefits, modern, comfortable, nurses' residence in 
attractive community close to Vancouver, B.C. For 
application form write: Director of Nursing, Fraser 
Canyon Hospital, R.R. I, Hope, B.C. 2-30-1 


Registered or non.registered General Duty Nurses 
ond Nursing Assistants (3 required immediately) 
for new 31-bed, active treatment hospital, located 
in the South Cariboo. Personnel policies in ac- 
cordance with RNABC. Nurses' residence available. 
Apply in writing to: Director of Nursing, 100 Mile 
Districl General Hospital, tOO Mile House, British 
Columbia. 2-50-2 


General Duty Nurses for active 30-bed hospital. 
RNABC policies and schedules in effecl, also North- 
ern allowance. Accommodations available in res- 
idence. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital, 
Fort Nelson, British Columbia. 2-23-1 


General Duty Nurses for modern 85.bed hospital. 
Salary $390.00 to $466.00. Recognition for experi- 
ence. Industry - gas, oil and agriculture. Situated 
60 miles from Peace River Dam Project. Apply: 
Director of Nursing, Providence Hospital, Fort St. 
John, B.C. 2.24-1 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Must be able to gain B.C. 
Registrotion within three months. Fully Accredited 
Hospital. Rogers Pass Area Trans Canada Highway. 
Comfortable Nurses Home. RNABC Agreement in 
effecl. Apply: Golden & District General Hospital, 
P.O. Box 1260, Golden, British Columbia. 


General Duty Nurses for new 30-bed hospital 
located in excellent recreational area. Salary and 
personnel policies in accordance with RNABC. Com- 
fortable Nurses' home. Apply: Direclor of Nursing, 
Boundary Hospital, Grand Forks, British Columbia. 
2.27-2 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES - for 109-bed hospital in 
expanding Northwestern British Columbia City. Salary 
$405 10 $481 for B.C. Registered Nurses with recogni. 
tion for experience. RNABC contract in effect. Gradu- 
ate Nurses not registered in B.C. paid $390. Benefits 
include comprehensive medical and pension plans 
Travel allowance up 10 $60 refunded after one 
year's service. Comfortable, modern residence accom- 
modation at $15 per month, meals at cost. Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, Prince Rupert General Hospital, 
551-5th Avenue East, Prince Rupert, B.C. 2-58.2A 


General Duty Nunes for well-equipped 63-bed gen- 
eral hospital in beautiful inland Volley adjacent 
Lake Kathlyn and Hudson Boy Glacier. Booting, 
fishing, swimming, golfing, curling, skating, skiing. 
Salary $390 - $405. Maintenance $60.00, 40 hour - 
5 day week, Vocation with pay - Comfortable, at- 
tractive nurses' residence. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Bulkley Volley District Hospital, P.O. Box 
370, Smithers, B.C. 2.67-1 


General Duty Nune for 54-bed active hospital in 
northwestern B.C. Salaries: B.C. Registered $405, B.C. 
Non-Registered, $390, RNABC personnel policies 
in effect. Planned rotation. New residence, room and 
board: $55/m. T.V. and good social activities. 
Write: Director of Nursing, Box 1297, Terrace, British 
COlumbia. 2-70-2 


GRADUATE NURSES: For permanent stoff or holiday 
relief. In active 164-bed acute General Hospital 
with full accreditation, located in the Columbia 
River Volley in southeastern British Columbia. Un- 


OCTOBER 1967 



" . 
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COME . . . Where the ACTION Is! 


Come to exciting Albany Medical Cent
r, the fastest growing 
teaching hospital in upstate New York. Our benefits and job 
opportunities for nurses are the best ever. And there's lots 
to do when you're off duty, including thrilling horse racing 
at Saratoga . . . your choice of the best ski slopes in the 
northeast . . . concerts by the Philadelphia and Boston 
Symphony Orchestras, which make their summer homes in the 
vicinity. . . and the countless attractions of nearby New York 
City. For details on what we have to offer you, send for our 
free booklet, "Albany Medical Center Nurse." 


Albany Medical Center Hospital 
OCTOBER 1967 


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Action at Saratoga Raceway 


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. Mrs. Helen F. Middleworth, Director, Nursing Service 
. Albany Medical Center Hospital 
· Albany, New York 12208 
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Please send me a free copy of your nursing booklet. 


NAME........................................ ... 


ADDRESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 


CAN 


CITY. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . STATE. .. .. .. . . . . ZIP. . . . . .. .. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 59 



aRITISH COLUMalA 


limited social and sports activities induding golf, 
tennis swimming, skiing and curling. 40 hour week: 
Starti,;g salary after registration $390 rising to $466. 
Four weeks annual vocation, 10 statutory holidays, 
I "'" days sick leave per month cumulative to 120 
days. Employer-emplayee participation in medical 
coverage and superannuation. Residence accommoda- 
tion. For further information apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Troil.Todonoc Hospital, Troil, British Co- 
lumbia. 


Generat Duty Nurses needed for active 45-bed 
hospital - Central B.C. R.N.A. salary scale and 
personnel policies in effect. Salary recognition 
given far experie-nce. Overtime paid. Modern 
Nurses' Residence available. New hospital planned 
for neor future. Write Director of Nursing, St. 
John Hospital, Vanderhoof, B.C. 


General Duty and Operating Room Nurses for 70-bed 
Acute General Hospital on Pacific Coast. B.C. Regis. 
tered $390 - $466 per month (Credit for experience). 
Non B.C. Registered $375 - Practical Nurses B.C. Li- 
censed $273 - $31 I per month. Non Registered $253. 
$286 per month. Boord $20 per month, room $5.00 per 
month. 20 paid holidays per year and 10 statutory 
holidays after I year. Fore paid from Vancouver. 
Superannuation and medical plans. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, St. George's Hospital, Alert Bay, British 
Columbia. 2-2-1 A 


General Duty, O.R. and experienced Obstetrical 
Nurses for moder", ISO-bed hospital located in the 
beautiful Fraser Volley. Personnel policies in ac- 
cordance with RNABC. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Chilliwack General Haspifal, Chilliwack, British Co. 
lumbia. 2.13-1 


General Duty, Operating Raam and Experienced 
Obstetrical Nurses for 434-bed hospital with school 
of nursing. Solary: $390 - $466. Credit for post ex- 
perience and postgraduate training. 40-hr. wk. Stat. 
utory holiday.. Annual incrementa; cumulative lick 
leave; pension plan; 28-days annual vocation; B.C. 
registration required. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, British 
Columbia. 2-73-t3 


General Duty and Operating Room Nurses for 
modern 450-bed hospital with School of Nursing. 
RNABC policies in effect. Credit for post experience 
and postgraduate training. British Columbia registra- 
tion required. For particulars write to: the Director of 
Nursing Service, St. Joseph's Hospital, Victoria, Bri- 
tish Columbia. 2-76-5 


GRADUATE NURSES for 24-bed hospital, 35-mi. from 
Vancouver, on coast, salary and personnel prac- 
tices in accord with RNABC. Accommodation availa. 
ble. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital, 
Squamist., British Columbia. 2-68-1 


Graduate Nurs.. for busy 21-bed hospital, prefer- 
ably with obstetrical experience. Friendly at- 
mosphere, beautiful beoches, local curling club. 
Own room and board $40 month. Salary $390 for 
Gen. Duty Registered Nurses; Solary $375 for non- 
Registered Nurse, plus recognition for post graduate 
experience. Apply: Matron, Tofino General Hos- 
pital, Tofino, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. 
2.71-1 


puauc HEALTH NURSES: B.C. Civil Service. Salary: 
$476-$580 per month, cor provided. Interesting and 
challenging professional service with opportunities for 
transfer throughout beautiful B.C. Apply to: B.C. 
Civil Service Commission, 544 Michigan Street, 
VICTORIA. B.C. 
COMPETITION No. 67:57. 2-76-7 


MANITOBA 


Director of Nursing wonted for 20-bed hospital in 
Southwestern Manitoba. Living-in accommodation 
available in Residence. Personnel Policies include a 
wide range of fringe benefits. Salary negotiable on 
basis of past experience and qualifications. Please 
direct enquiries to Mr. J. G. Donald, Administrator, 
Reston Community Hospital, Reitan, Manitoba. 


General Duty Registered Nurses for 34-bed hospital. 
Solary $395 to $455. Four annual increments of 
$t5. Forty hour week equivalent. For particulars 
and personnel policies contact Director of Nurses, 
Souri. District Hospital, Souris, Manitoba. 


60 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


I I 


MANITOaA 


REGISTERED NURSES REQUIRED. Applications are in- 
vited for positions in our 77-bed Acute Hospital 
located in the progressive town of Selkirk. Appli- 
cants with the three year diploma course are pre- 
ferred. Head Nurse experience will be considered. 
Residence accommodation is available. The town has 
excellent accommodation for married stoff. Solary 
will depend on qualifications and experience. Per- 
sonnel policies, fringe benefits, etc., are excellent. 
Please apply to Mrs. Freida Stevens, Director of 
Nursing, Selkirk General Hospital, 161 Idell Ave., 
Selkirk, Manitoba. 


Registered Nurse for 18-bed hospital at Vito, Manitoba, 
70 miles from Winnipeg. Doily bus service. Salary 
range $390 - $475, with allowance for experience. 
40 hour week, 10 statutory holidays, 4 weeks paid 
vocation after one year. Full maintenance available 
for $50 per month. Apply: Matron, Vito District 
Hospital, Vito, Manitoba. 3-68-1 


NOVA SCOTIA 


Registered Nurses for 21-bed hospital in pleasant 
community - Eastern Shore of Novo Scotia. Apply: 
Superintendent, Eastern Shore Memorial Hospital, 
Sheet Harbour, Novo Scotia. 6-32.1 


REGISTERED NURSES for 53-bed medium and long- 
term active treatment hospital in a progressive city. 
Particulars on request. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Halifax Civic Hospital, 5938 University Avenue, Hali- 
fox, Novo Scotia. 6-17-10 A 


Registered and Graduate Nurses far General Duty. 
New hospital with all modern conveniences, also, 
new nurses' residence available. South Shore Com- 
munity. Apoly to: Superintendent, Queens General 
Hospital, Liverpool, Novo Scotia. 6-20-1 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Positions available for 
Registered Qualified General Duty Nurses for 138- 
bed active treatment hospital. Residence aCcom. 
modation available. Applications and enquiries will 
be received by: Director of Nursing, Blanchard-fraser 
Memorial Hospital, Kentville, Novo Scotia. 6-19-1 


General Duty Nurses: l6-bed hospital located Cope 
Breton Notional Pork: Accommodations available: 
Apply to Matron, Buchanon Memorial Hospital, 
Neil's Harbour, Novo Scotia. 


ONTARIO 


Director of Nursing Services. Simcoe County Health 
Unit. Applicants for this position will hold a degree 
in nursing and will have at least five years' ex- 
peirence in administration. for further information 
apply in writing to: Dr. P.A. Scott, Director, Simcoe 
County Health Unit, Court House, Barrie, Onto 


Regiltered Nurse and Technician required for O.R. 
Deportment of 81-bed hospital. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, Alexandra Morine and General Hospital, 
Goderich, Ontario. 7-51-1 


Registered Nursel for 18-bed (expanding to 36-bed) 
General Hospital in Mining and Resort town of 5,000 
people. Beautifully located on Wawa Lake, 140 miles 
north of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Wide variety of 
summer and winter sports including swimming, boot- 
ing, fishing, golfing, skating, curling and bowling. 
Six churches of different faiths. Salaries comparable 
with all northern hospitals. Limited bed and board 
available at reasonable rate. Excellent personnel 
policies, pleosant working conditions. HEAD NURSE 
OPERATING ROOM NURSE with some formal pre- 
paration andlor adequate experience. Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, The Lady Dunn General Hos- 
pital, Box 179, Wawa, Ontario. 


Registered Nune. and Regist.red Nursing Assistan,. 
(immediately) for 32-bed hospital in northwestern 
Ontario. Please apply to: Director of Nursing, Ati- 
kokan General Hospital, Atikakan, Ontario. 7-5.1 


OPERATING ROOM NURSE and CENTRAL SUPPLY 
SUPERVISOR: wonted for 50.bed hospital. State ex. 
perience and references. Apply to: Administrator, 
Sougeen Memorial Hospital, Southampton, Ontario. 


I I 


ONTARIO 


REGISTERED NURSES required immediately for 53- 
bed hospital. Minimum salary $415. Three weeks 
vocation, pension, I ife and medical insurance, 8 
statutory holidays, 40 hour week. Air, roil and rood 
communication. Northern hospitality. Apply to: Direc. 
tor of Nurses, Porcupine General Hospital, South 
Porcupine, Onto 7-123-1 


Registered Nurses for 34-bed hospital, min. salary 
$415 with regular annual increments to maximum 
of $495. 3-wk. vocation with pay; sick leave after 
6-mo. service. All Stoff - 5 day 40-hr. wk., 9 
statutory hol idays, pension plan and other benefits. 
Apply to: Superintendent, Englehart & District Hos- 
pital, Englehart, Ontario. 7-40-1 


REGISTERED NURSES (IMMEDIATELY) for a new 40- 
bed hospital. Nurses' residence - private rooms with 
both - $20 per month. Minimum salary $415 plus 
experience allowance, 4 semi-annual increments. 
Reply to: The Director of Nursing, Geraldton District 
Hospital, Geraldton. Ontario. 7-50.1 A 


Registered Nurse for Nursing Home. Refresher course 
unnecessary. Five-day week, no weekends. Good 
opportunity. For particulars write Box 920, Picton, 
Ontario. 


Nursing Positions - for REGISTERED NURSES; for 
325-bed fully accredited active General Hospital - 
centrally located in the city; for further information 
write to the Director of Nursing, THE DOCTORS 
HOSPITAL, 45 Brunswick Avenue, Toronto 4, On- 
tario. 


REGtSTERED NURSES ore required for a lOS-bed 
hospital in South Western Ontario. Solary per RNAO 
schedule, pension plan, good personnel policies and 
fringe benefits. Apply to: Mrs. MJ. Grant, R.N., 
Director of Nurses, County of Bruce General Hos- 
pital, Walkerton, Ontario. 


Registered Nurses and Regist.red Nuning Assistants 
for loo-bed General Hospital, situated in Northern 
Ontario. Salary range $415 - $455 per month, RNA's 
$273 _ $317 per month, shift differential, annual 
increments, 40 hour week, OHSC and P.S.1. plans in 
effect. Accommodation available in residence if 
desired. For full particulars apply to: The Director 
of Nurses, Lady Minto Hospital, Cochrane, Ontario. 
7-30-1 B 


Registered Nune. and Registered Nuning Assistantl 
are invited to make application to our 75-bed, 
modern General Hospital. You will be in the Vaca- 
tionland of the North, midway between the Lakehead 
and Winnipeg, Manitoba. Basic wage for Registered 
Nurses is $408 and for Registered Nursing Assistants 
is $285 with yearly increments and consideration for 
experience. Write or phone: The Director of Nursing, 
Dryden District General Hospital, DRYDEN, Ontario. 
7-26-1 A 


Registered Nurses and Registered Nur.ing Assistant. 
for 160-bed accredited hospital. Starting salary $415 
and $285 respectively with regular annual incre- 
me"ts for both. Excellent personnel pol icies. Resid. 
ence accommodation ova ilable. Apply to: Director of 
NurSIng, Kirkland & District Hospital, Kirkland Lake, 
Ontario. 7.67-1 


Registered Nur.es and Revistered Nursing Allistan.s. 
Starting Salary for R.N. is $415 and for R.N.A. is $300. 
Allowance for experience. Excellent fringe benefits. 
Write: Mrs G. Gordon, Superintendent, Nipigon Dis- 
trict Memorial Hospital, Box 37, Nipigon, Ontario. 
7-87-1 


Registered Nurse and Registered Nursing ASlis'antl 
in modern loo-bed hospital, situated 40 miles from 
Ottowa. Excellent personnel policies. Residence 
accommodation available. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Smiths Falls Public Hospital, Smiths Falls, 
Ontario. 7-t20-2A 


Registered Nune. and Regist.red Nursing ASlistan', 
for 83-bed General Hospital in French speak ing com- 
munity of Northern Ontario. R.N.'s salary: $420 to 
$465/m., 4 weeks vocation, 18 sick leove days and 
R.N.A.'s salary: $300 to $340/m., 2 weeks vocation 
and 12 sick leave days. Unused sick leave is paid 
at 100

. Rooming accommodations available in 
town and meals served at the Hospital. Excellent 
personnel policies. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Notre-Dome Hospital, Heorst, Ontario. 7-58-1 


REGISTERED NURSES for General Duty in 29-bed 
active treatment hospital. Solary $415 to $455. 3 
week vocation, 8 Statutory holidays. 40 hour week. 
Excellent personnel policies. Apply - Administratrix, 
Bingham Memoriai Hospital, Matheson, Ontario. 


OCTOBER 1967 



THE PROVINCE 
DEPARTMENT 


OF 
OF 


ONTARIO 
HEALTH 


NORTHERN ONTARIO PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 
ANNOUNCES VACANCIES FOR 


PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES 
SALARY: $5,750 - $6,600 
EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 1968 - $6,000 - $6,900 


Nurses are required in Northern Ontario to assess health problems and to organize corrective pro. 
grams. Typical duties include maintaining a school health service, carrying out a home visiting program, 
organizing and participating in a community immunization program, performing emergency nursing ser- 
vices, and advising health and welfare agencies and service groups regarding public health matters. 


QUALIFICATIONS: 
Registration as a nurse in Ontario and a recognized certificate in public health nursing. Two years 
acceptable experience in public health nursing or a related field. Personal suitability. Ownership of an 
automobile. 
Fringe benefits include generous retirement plan, health and life insurance, paid annual vaca- 
tions, annual merit increases, and sick leave credits. 
Qualified persons are invited to submit their applications to: 


@ 


ONTARIO 
PROVINCE OF OPPORTUNITY 


DIRECTOR OF PERSONNEL AND ORGANIZA nON 
ROOM 5424, WHITNEY BLOCK 
PARLIAMENT BUILDINGS, TORONTO 5, ONTARIO 


ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPIT At 


TORONTO, ONTARIO 
REGISTERED NURSES 
and 
REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 


7ao-bed fully accredited hospifaJ provides 
experience in Operating Room. Recovery 
Room. Intensive Care Unit, Pediafrics 
Orfhopedics. Psychiatry. General Surgery 
and Medicine. 
Orientation and Acfive Inservice program 
for all sfaff. 
Salary is commensurate wifh preparation 
and experience. 
Benefits include Canada Pension Plan. 
Hospital Pension Plan. Group Life Insu- 
rance. After 3 months, cumulative sick 
leave - Ontario Hospital Insurance - 
50% payment by hospital. 
Rotating Periods of dufy - 40 hour week. 
8 sfafufory holidays - annuoJ vacafion 
3 weeks after one year. 


Apply: 


Assistant Director of 
Nuning Service 


ST. JOSEPHrS HOSPITAL 


30 The Queensway 
Toronto 3, Ontario 


OCTOBER 1%7 


REGISTERED 
NURSES 


Required by 


DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH 
Wascana Hospital, 
Regina, Sask. 


COMPETITION NUMBER: 
clc 956 
SALARY RANGE: 
$387-$482. Usual Civil Service 
Benefits. 


DUTIES: 
For general duty nursing in this 
300-bed hospital specializing in 
programs for chronic diseases 
and physical medicine. 
For application forms: Apply to 
the Public Service Commission, 
Room 328, legislative Bldg., 
Regina, Sask. 
For lurther inlormation, apply: 
Administrator 
WASCA"A HOSPITAL 
Regina, Saskatchewan 


REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 


lor 


GENERAL DUTY 


In modern fully accredited 300- 
bed hospital located in a thriv- 
ing industrial city. Excellent 
working conditions, 9 statutory 
holidays, 3 weeks annual vaca- 
tion, 40 hour week. 


Apply giving lull particulars to: 
Personnel Director 


GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Sault Ste. Marie 
Ontario 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 61 



ONTARIO 


REGISTERED NURSES and REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS required for loo-bed hospital in the 
Model Town of the North. All usual fringe benefits, 
living-in accommodation. Salary range for general 
duty nurses $415-$485 depending on qualificotions 
and experience. Registered Nursing Assistants $290- 
$346. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Sensenbren. 
net Hospital, Kopuskosing, Ontario. 


Registered or Graduate Nurses, required for modern 
92-bed hospital. Residence accommodation $20 month- 
ly. Overseas nurses welcome. Lovely old Scottish 
Town neor Ottawa. Apply: Director of Nursing. The 
Great War Memorial Hospital, Perth, Ontario. 7-100-2 


Registered Nurse. for General Duty in well-equipped 
28-bed hospital, located in growing gold mining 
and tourist area, north of Kenora, Ontario. Modern 
residence with individual rooms; room, board and 
uniform laundry only $50/m, 40-hr. wk_, no split shift, 
cumulative sick time, 8 statutory holidays and 28 
day paid vacation offer one year. Starting salary 
$430. Apply 10: Matron, Margaret Cochenour Memo- 
rial Hospital, Cochenour, Ontorio. 7-29-1 


REGISTERED NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active 
accredited well equipped 28-bed ho.pital. 30 miles 
from Ottowa. Residence accommodation. Good per. 
sonnel policies. Apply to: Administratrix, Kemptville 
District Hospital, Kemptville, Ontario. 7-63-1 


Regi.tered General Duty Nurse. required for 81-bed 
ho.pitol. Salary range $400-$445 per month accord- 
ing to experience and qualifications. Residence ac- 
commodation available. Attractive new hospital, good 
working conditions. Apply: Directar of Nursing, 
Alexandra Marine and General Hospital, Gaderich, 
Ontario. 7-51-1 A 


Regi.tered Nur.e. for General Duty in loo-bed hos- 
pital, located 3()..mi. from Ottowa, are urgently re- 
Quired. Good personnel policies, accommodation 
availoble in new stoff residence. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, District Memorial Hospital, Winchester, On- 
tario. 7-144-1 


Regi.tered Nur.e. for General Staff and Operating 
Room. Accredited 235-bed. modern, General Hospital. 
Good personnel pol icies. Beginning .alary $400 per 
month, recognition for experience, annual bonus plan. 
Planned in-service programs. Assistance with trans- 
portation. Apply: Director of Nursing, Sudbury Me- 
morial Hospital, Regent Street, S., Sudbury, Ontario. 
7-127-4 A 


General Duty Nur.e. for 66-bed General Hospital. 
Starting salary: $405/m. Excellent personnel policies. 
Pension plan, life insurance, etc., residence accom- 
modation_ Only to min. from downtown Buffalo. 
Apply: Director of Nursing, Douglas Memorial Ho.- 
pital, Fort Erie. Ontario_ 7-45-1 


General Duty Nur.e. for loo-bed madern hospital. 
Southwestern Ontario, 32 mi. from London. Salory 
commensurate with experience and ability; $398/m 
ba.ic salary. Pension plan. Apply giving full par. 
ticulars to: The Director of Nurses, District Memorial 
Hospital, Tillsonburg, Ontario. 7-131-1 


General Duty Nurles, Certified Nuning Assistants & 
Operating Room Technician (I) for new SO-bed ho.- 
pital with modern equipment, 40-hr. wk_, 8 statutory 
holidays, excellent personnel policies & opportunity 
for advancement. Tourist town on Georgian Boy. 
Good bus connections to Toronto. Apply to: Director 
of Nurses, General Hospital, Meaford, Ontario. 7-79-1 


General Staff Nur.e. and Regi.tered Nur.ing A..is- 
tants are required for a modern, well-equipped General 
Hospital currently expanding to 167 beds. Situated in 
a progressive community in South Western Ontario, 30 
miles from Windsor-Detroit Border. Salary scaled to 
experience and Qualifications. Excellent employee 
benefits and working conditions plus on opportunity 
to work in a Patient Centered Nursing Service. Write 
for further informotion to: Miss Patricia McGee, B. 
Sc.N., Reg.N. Director of Nursing, leamington District 
Memorial Hospital, Leamington, Ontario. 7-69-1 A 


OPERATING ROOM NURSES (2) for a fully ac- 
credited 70-bed General Hospital. For Operating 
Room Duty. Salary according to experience. Apply to: 
O.R. Supervisor, Penetanguishene General Hospital. 
Penetangui.hene, Ontario. 7-99-2 


PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES for generalized programme 
beginning September, 1967.. Salary range $5,000 ta 
$6,000. Personnel policies include car expense, Omers 
and Canada pension plans, group life insurance, 
50 

 of P.S.I. and hospital insurance, cumulative 
lick leave plan and liberal vocation. Vacancies 
are available in the City af Belleville. Apply to 
Dr. C.R. Lenk, Director, Medical Offiær of Health, 
Ha.tings & Prince Edward Counties Health Unit, 266 
Pinnacle Street, Belleville, Ontario. 


62 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


I I 


ONTARIO 


Qualified Public Health Nurse. required far expand- 
ing generalized program in leading resort area. 
Attractive salary ranges, fringe benefits, and travel 
allowance. For full details please cantact: W. H. 
Bennell, M_D., D_P.H., Medical Officer of Health, 
Muskoka and District Health Unit. Box 1019, Brace- 
bridge. Ontario. 7-15-2 


Public Health Nur.e. - General Program. Salary 
Range $5,666 to $6,926 by Increments of $157 at 
intervals of six months. Starting salary related to 
experience. Generous Cor Allowance. Cumulative 
Sick Leave, One Month's Vacation. Employer shared 
pension plan, medical and hospital insurance. Ap- 
ply 10: Dr. E. G. Brown, Kent County Health Unit, 
21 Seventh Street. Chatham, Ontario. 


Public Health Nurse, for generalized programme in 
a County-City Health Unit_ Salary schedule $5,400 
to $6,600 per annum. 20 days vacation. Employer 
shared pension plan, P .S_I. and hospital ization. 
Mileage allowance or unit cars. Apply to: Miss 
Veronica O'Leary, Supervisor of Public Health Nurs- 
ing. Peterborough County.City Health Unit, P.O_ 
Box 246, Peterborough, Ontario. 7-101-4A 


Public Health Nurse. wanted for scenic urban and 
rural health unit, close to the capitol city, in the 
upper Ollowa Valley tourist area. Good summer 
and winter recreational facilities. Salary range 
$5,192 - $6,107. Allowance for experience and/or 
degree. Usual fringe benefits. Direct enquiries to 
Miss R. Coyne, Supervisor of Nurses, Renfrew 
County Health Unit. 169 William Street. Pembroke 
Ontario. 


Public Health Nurse. for generalized pragramme in 
a Caunty-City Health Unit. Salary schedule $5,400 
to $6,600 per annum. 20 days vacation. Employer 
shared pension plan, P.S.I. and hospitalization. 
Mileage allowance or unit cars. Apply 10: Miss 
Veronica O'Leary, Supervi.or of Public Health Nurs- 
ing, Peterborough County-City Health Unit, P.O. 
Box 246. Peterborough, Ontario. 7-101-4A 


Public Health Nur.e. for Health Unit in Northern 
Ontario. Generalized Program. Good salary and 
personnel policies. Apply: Supervisor of Nurses, 
Porcupine Health Unit, Timmin., Ontaria. 7-132-2 


QUEBEC 


Regi.tered Nur.e. for 30-bed General Hospital. Hun- 
tingdon is a small manufacturing town 50 miles 
from centre of Montreal. There are excellent social 
and recreational facil ities. Salaries as approved by 
QHIS. Annual vocation 4 weeks, accumulated sick 
leave. Blue Cross paid. Bonus for permanent night 
shift. Full maintenance available for $43_50 per 
month. Apply: Mrs. D. Hawley, R.N., Huntingdon 
County Ho.pital. Huntingdon, Quebec. 9-29-1 


REGISTERED NURSES for madern 80-bed general 
hospital expanding to ISO beds, located in an at- 
tractive, dynamic, sports oriented community 50 
miles south of Montreal. Salaries and fringe bene- 
fits comparable to Montreal. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Brome-Missisquoi-Perkins Hospital, Cowans. 
ville. P.Q. 


OPERATING ROOM STAFF NURSES: (applications are 
invited). In a modern 350-bed hospital. Salaries 
commensurate with experience and postgraduate 
education. Cumulative sick leave, 28 days annual 
vocation, retirement plan and other I iberal fringe 
benefits. Apply: Diredor of Nursing Service, St. 
Mary's Hospital. 3830 Lacombe Avenue. Montreal 
26, Quebec. -9-47-39A 


SASKATCHEWAN 


CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS: Regina General HospItal 
School of Nursing, has opportunities, available in 
a two-year program. Solary Range $529 - $676 
with University Diploma. Apply to: Director of Nurs- 
ing Education, Regina General Hospital, Regina, 
Saskatchewan. 


General Duty and Operating Room Nur.... also 
C.rtified Nursing Assistants for 560-bed University 
Hospital. Salary commensurate with experience and 
preparations. Excellent opportunities to engage in 
progressive nursing. Apply: Director of Personnel, 
University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. 


I I 


UNITED STATES 


Regi.tered Nur.e. wanted for 78-bed General Hos- 
pital. Starting salaries at $525 per month with 
regular increments and .hift differential. Gaod per- 
sonnel policies. Social activities include skiing and 
boating. Must be eligible for Alaska registration. 
Apply to: The Director of Nursing Service, St. Ann's 
Hospital. 419 - 6th Street, Juneau. Alaska 99801. 
15-2-3 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING - A positian offering 
challenge and apportunity for growth in a modern 
70-bed hospital in La Mesa, Calif_, 10 miles aut of 
San Diego. Administrative experience required, 
bachelor'. degree preferred. Starling salary com- 
mensurate with qualifications and experience. Liberal 
fringe benefits. Apply Director of Nursing. Kai.er 
Foundatian Haspitals. 4867 Sun.et Blvd., La. An- 
geles, California. 


REGISTERED NURSES - CALIFORNIA Progres.ive hos. 
pital in San Joaquin Valley has openings for R.N:.. 
Located between San Francisca and Los Angeles near 
mountain, ocean and desert resorts. Paid vocation, 
paid sick leave, paid Blue Cross, disability insurance, 
voluntary retirement plan. Salary range from $500 ta 
$700 monthly. Write: Personnel Director, Mercy Hos. 
pital. Bakersfield, California. 15-5-58A 


REGISTERED NURSES - Southern California - Op- 
portunities available - 368-bed modern hospital in 
Medical-Surgical, Labor and Delivery, Nursery. Oper. 
ating Room and Intensive ond Coronary Core Units. 
Good salary and liberal fringe benefits. Continuing 
inservice education program. located 10 miles from 
Los Angeles near skiing, swimming, cultural and edu. 
cational facilities. Temporary living accommodations. 
Apply: Director of Nursing Service, Saint Joseph 
Hospital, Burbank. California 91503. 15-5-63 


REGISTERED NURSES needed for rapidly expanding 
general hospital on the beautiful Peninsula near 
Son Francisco. Outstanding policies and benefits 
including generous sick leave and vocation accrual, 
temporary accommodations at low cost, paid hos- 
pital and major medical insurance, fully refundable 
retirement plan, liberal shift differentials, no rot- 
ation, exceptional in.service and orientation pro- 
grams, sick leave conversion to vocation, paid life 
insurance, tuition reimbursement. Salary range $598. 
$727. Conlect Personnel Administrator, Peninsula 
Hospital. 1783 EI Camina Real, Burlingame, Califor. 
nia 94010. 


Registered Nurses, Career satisfaction, interest and 
professional growth unl imited in modern, JCAH aC A 
credited 243-bed hospital. Located in one of Califor- 
nia's finest areas, recreational, educational and cul- 
tural advantoges are yours as well as wonderful 
year-round climate. If this combination is what 
you're looking for, contact us nowlStaff nurse en- 
trance salary $575-$600 per month; increases to 
$700 per month; supervisory positions at highe.t 
rates. Special area and shift differentials to $454. per 
month. Excellent benefits include free health and 
life insurance, retirement, credit union and liberal 
personne
 policies. Professional staff appointments 
avoilable in all clinical areas to those eligible far 
Cal ifornia I icensure. Write today: Director of Nursing. 
Eden Hospital. 20103 Lake Chabot Road, Castro Val- 
ley, Cal ifornia_ 15-5-12 


REGISTERED NURSES Opportunities available af 
415-bed hospital in Medical-Surgical. Labor and 
Delivery, Intensive Care, Operating Room and Psy- 
chiatry. No rotation of shift, good salary, evening 
and night differentials, liberal fringe benefit.. 
Temporary living accommodations available. Apply: 
Miss Dolores Merrell, R.N., Personnel Director, Queen 
of Angels Hospital. 2301 Bellevue Avenue. Los 
Angeles 26, California. 15-5-3G 


REGISTERED NURSES - SAN FRANCISCO Children's 
Hospital and Adult Medical Center hospital for men, 
women and children. California registration required. 
Opportunities in all clinical areas. Excellent salaries, 
differentials for evenings and nights. Holidays, voca- 
tions, sick leave, life insurance, health insuronce and 
employer-paid pension-plan. Applications and details 
furnished on request. Contact Personnel Director, Chil- 
dren's Hospital, 3700 California Street, Son Francisco 
18, California. 15-5-4 


REGISTERED NURSES: Mount Zion Hospital and Me. 
dical Center's increased salary scoles now double our 
attraction for nurses who find they can offord to live 
by the Golden Gate. Expansion has created vacancies 
for stoff and specialty assignments. Address enquiry 
to: Personnel Deportment, 1600 Divis.adero Street, Son 
Francisco, California 94115. An equal opportunity 
employer. 15-5-4C 


OCTOBER 1967 



SUPERVISOR 


and 


GENERAL DUTY REGISTERED 
NURSES 


Required by 
DOUGLAS HOSPITAL 
(Children's Services) 


Experience in pediatrics and child psy. 
chiafry would be an advantage. 


Further information of these challenging 
positions can be obtained from: 
The Director of Nursing 
Children's Services 
DOUGLAS HOSPITAL 
6815 Lasalle Blvd. 
Verdun, Quebec 


INSTRUCTOR 


e 


JEFFERY HALE'S HOSPITAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
1250 ST -FOY ROAD 
QUEBEC 6, P .Q. 


NORQUA Y.(ANORA 
UNION HospnAL 


inyites applications for two 


GENERAL STAFF POSITIONS 


This is a IS-bed fully modern hospital 
located in the beautiful parkland area 
of Soskafchewan. Solary commences at 
$365.00 per month with adjustmenf for 
experience and extra training. Living 
accommodations in residence at $20.00 
per month. Transportation costs will be 
advanced. 


For further policies write to: 


Mrs. J. M. Keast 
Director of Nursing Services 
Canora Union Hospital 
Canora, Sask. 


OCTOBER 1967 


, 


, 



 


One Gift Works Many Wonders 
THE UNITED WAY 


UNITED STATES 


REGISTERED NURSES - General Duty for 84-bed 
JCAH hospital 1'12 hours from San Francisco, 2 
hours from the Lake Tahoe. Starting salary $600/m. 
with differentials. Apply: Director of Nurses, Mem- 
orial Hospital. Woodland, California. 15-5-498 


Canadian School Registered Nurse Graduates - 
Come to California: Join your friends at Suffer 
Hospitals in Sacramento. Excellent pay, working 
conditions and benefits. The gaod life in the best of 
California. Staff P.M. .hift $640. Ngts. $630. P.M. 
Surgery $680. Write: Personnel Dept., 2820 - L St., 
Secramento 95816. 


AnENTION GENERAL DUTY NURSES. 297-bed fully 
occredited County Hospital located 2 hrs. drive from 
San Francisco, ocean beaches, and mountain resorts 
in modern and progressive city af 40,000. 40 hr. 
5 day wk., pd. vacation, pd. holiday., pd. sick 
leave, retirement pion, social security and insur a 
once pion. Meals at reasonable rates, uniforms 
laundered without charge. Start $530 to $556 mO. 
depending on experience plus shift and service 
differentials. Merit increases to $644 mo. Must 
be eligible for Calif. Registration. Write Director 
of Nursing, Stanislaus County Hospital, 830 Scenic 
Drive. Modesto. Cal ifornia 95350. 


Staff Duty po.ition. (Nurses) in private 403-bec 
hospital. liberal personnel policies and salary. Sub 
stantial differential for evening and night duty. 
Write: Personnel Director. Hospital of The Good 
Samaritan, t212 Shatto Street, Las Angele. 17 
California. 15-5-31 


Nurse. for new 75-bed General Hospital. Resort 
area. Ideal climate. On beautiful Pacific ocean. 
Apply to: Director of Nurses, South Coast Com- 
munity Ho.pital. South Laguna, California. 15-5-50 


Wanted - General Duty Nur.... Applications now 
being token for nursing positions in a new addi- 
tion to the existing hospital including surgery, cen- 
tral sterile and supply, general duty. Salary $550 
per month plus fringe benefits. Contact: Director of 
Nurses, Alamosa Community Hospital Alamosa, 
Colorado. 15-6-1 


GENERAL DUTY AND LICENSED PRACTICAL NURSES: 
115-bed JCAH hospital on shores of Lake Okeecho- 
bee. liberal personnel pol icies; starting salary for 
RN's. $525 (for LPN's 5375) with 10% differential 
for each group evenings and nights. Free meals; 
nurses' residence available. Apply: Director of 
Nurses, Glades General Hospital. Belle Glade, Flo- 
rida 33430. 15-10-3A 


Medical Technologi.t for small accredited hospital 
in charming, historic town. Free room and board 
with liberal personnel policies. Excellent working 
conditions without pressure. Enquire, Administrator 
Nantucket Hospital, Nantucket, Massacusetts, Tele- 
phone 617-228-1200. 


THE HOSPITAL 


FOR 


SICK CHILDREN 



 


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YOU 


Receive the advantages of: 


1. Five-week orientation 
gram for new staff. 


pro- 


2. Ongoing in-service education 
for nurses. 


3. Extensive student education 
program. 
4. Research Institute. 


APPLICATION FOR GENERAL 
DUTY POSITIONS INVITED 


For information contact: 


THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Canada 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 63 



UNITED STATES 


REGISTERED NURSES: Excellent opportuniry for ad- 
vancement in atmosphere of medical excellence. Pro
 
gressive patient core including Intensive Care and 
Cardiac Care Unils. Finely equipped growing 200-bed 
suburban communily hospiral on Chicago's beauliful 
Norlh Shore. Modern, furnished apartments are 
available for single professional women. Olher 
fringe benefits include paid vacotion ofte, six 
months, paid life insurance, 500/0 tuition refund and 
slaff develapmenl program. Salary range from $550- 
$660 per monlh plus shiff differenlial. Canlacl: 
Donald l. Thompson. R.N.. Direclor of Nursing, 
Highland Park Hospilal, Highland Park, Illinois 
60035. 15-14-3C 


Regist.red Nurse. and C.rtifi.d Nurling Alli.tan'.. 
Opening in severol oreas, all shifts. Every other week. 
end off, in small communiry hospilal 2 miles from 
BaSIon. Rooms available. Hospilal paid life insurance 
and olher liberal fringe benefits. RN salary 5 lOOper 
week, plus differential of 520 for 3-11 p.m. and 
11-7 a.m. shifts. C.N. Ass'ts. $80 weekly plus $10 for 
3-11 p.m. and 11-7 a.m. shifts. Must read, wrile. 
and speak English. Wrile: Miss Byrne, Direcfor of 
Nurses. Chelsea Memorial Hospilal. Chelsea, Mas- 
sachusetts 02150. 15-22-1 C 


I I 


UNITED STATES 


Registered Nurses, modern 280.bed leaching hospiral 
Universily Ciry. 45 mins. from NYC & Phil. Posilions 
available in Med. - Surg. Unit., Intensive Core, 
Obslelrics - New Barn Nsy. Hospital fully accredited 
AMA. Approved programs for interns and residents. 
Paid hospitalization, luilion plan, 3-wks. Paid vaCO- 
tion, alternate week-ends off. Continuing education 
programs for I'cff. Houling available. Assistance 
given in obtaining N.J. licensure. MuSl be high 
school graduate. Apply: Personnel Deportment. Mid- 
dlesex General Hospital, New Brunswick. New 
Jersey 0It901. 


SEATTLE General Dury Nunes. Salary, experienced, 
days $560-$610. New graduales $525 to Slart. $35 
differential on evening and night shifl. Excellent 
benefits. 230-bed regional referral General Hospital 
with intensive core and coronary units. Postgradu- 
ate classes available at two universities. Extensive 
intern and residenl teaching program. Hospital 10- 
coted adiacent to Northwest's largest privote clinic. 
Free housing first month. Canadian trained nurses 
wilh psychiatric affiliation. Please write Personnel 
Director. Virginia Mason Hospital. 111t Terry Ave- 
nue. Seattle. Washington 98101. 


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NIGHT NURSE 


University Hospital is pleased to announce that starfing pay for night 
nurses now ranges from $31.00 to $34.00 per shift ($8,056 to $8.839 
for an annual starting salary)--depending on educafion and experience. 
After A years service. night nUrse salaries range up to $9.622 
per year. The base pay for permanent evening and rOfating fours 
has also been increased plus excellent Universify Staff benefifs are 
offered fO all nUrses. 
University Hospital has a Service Deparfment which assigns trained 
personnel to handle paperwork and other non-nursing chores, 
relieving Our nurses for pafient care exclusively. 
Ann Arbor is nationally known as a Center of Culture with emphasis 
on art, music and drama--<:1nd recognized as an excifing and desirable 
community in which to live. 
Write to Mr. William Eaton. Personnel Adminisfrator. Box B. 
A6001, Universify Hospital, University of Michigan for 
mOre information Or phone collecf (313) 764-2182. 
We are an Equal Opporfunity Employer 


UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 
MEDICAL CENTER, ANN ARBOR 


64 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


POSITIONS ARE A V AILABLE 


for 


REGISTERED NURSES 


with special interest in medical 
nursing and rehabilitation of 
long term patients. 
Salaries recommended by the 
Registered Nurses' 
Association of Ontario 


Inservice educational program- 
me developed and 
expanding 
Residence accommodation avail- 
able at a very mod- 
erate rate 


Transportation advanced. if re- 
quested 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
THE QUEEN ELIZABETH HOSPITAL 
130 Dunn Avenue 
Toronto 3, Onto 


OSHA W A 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES FOR 
ALL DEPARTMENTS 


Starting salary for Ontario Regis- 
tered nurses $400 with 5 annual 
increments to $480 per month. 
Credit for acceptable previous 
service - one increase for two 
years. two increases for four or 
more years. 
Non-registered - $360.00 
Rotating periods of duty - 3 
weeks vacation - 8 statutory 
holidays. 
One day's sick credit per month 
beginning in the 7th month of 
service cumulative to 45 days. 
Pension Plan and Group Life 
Insurance - Hospital pays 50% 
of Medical, Blue Cross and Hos- 
pital Insurance premiums. 
Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
OSHAWA GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Oshawa, Ontario 


OCTOBER 1967 



PALO ALTO-STANFORD 
HOSPITAL CENTER 


located on the beautiful campus of Stanford University in Palo Alto, California. 


11 
. 


.. 


. 
.. 



 


- 


"We invite you to join our professional staff and to gam unparalled experiences in 
nursing. 1f 


For additional in/ormation- 
NAME: 
ADDRESS: 
CITY: 
SERVICE DESIRED: 
Return to: PALO ALTO-STANFORD HOSPITAL CENTER 
Personnel Department 
300 Pasteur Drive 
Palo Alto, California 


STATE: 


SCHOOL Of NURSING 
WOODSTOCK 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO 


Will require 


TEACHERS - IMMEDIATELY 


For the approved twa year cur- 
riculum with a third year af ex- 
perience in nursing service. (50 
students enrolled annually) 
Qualifications: University prepa- 
ratian in Nursing Educatian ar 
Public Health. 


Salary: Commensurate with ex- 
perience and education. 


Apply to: 


The Director,School of Nursing, 
WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Woodstock, Ontario. 


OCTOBER 1967 


THE DR. CHARLES A. JANEWAY 
CHILD 
HEALTH CENTRE 


St. John's, Newfoundland 
Invites applications from 


GRADUATE NURSES 


Interested in the nursing af sick 
children. Wauldn't yau like ta 
came ta the Pravince af New- 
foundland to a new hospital 
providing varied paediatric ex- 
perience and a challenge to all 
nurses who are interested and 
enthusiastic? A salary increase 
has just been granted and an- 
other increase is to follow early 
next year. 
Further details can be obtained 
from: 
The Director of Nursing 
THE DR. CHARLES A. JANEWAY 
CHILD HEALTH CENTRE 
P. O. Box 5578 
ST. JOHN'S, NEWFOUNDLAND 


AJAX AND 
PICKERING 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


AJAX, ONTARIO 
127 Beds 


Nursing the patient as an indi- 
vidual. Vacancies, General Duty 
R.N.'s bnd Registered Nursing 
Assistants for all areas, Full time 
and part time. Salaries as in Me- 
tro Toronto. Consideration for ex- 
perience and education. Excellent 
fringe benefits. Residence accom- 
modation, single rooms, House- 
keeping privileges. 


Apply to: 


NURSING OFFICE PERSONNEl 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 65 



nurses 


who want to 
nurse 


At York Central you can join 
an active, interested group of 
nurses who want the chance to 
nurse in its broadest sense. Our 
126-bed, fully accredited hospi- 
tal is young, and already talking 
expansion. Nursing is a profes- 
sion we respect and we were the 
first to plan and develop a unique 
nursing audit system; new mem- 
bers of our nursing staff do not 
necessarily start at the base salary 
of $400 per month but get added 
pay for previous years of work. 
There are opportunities for gain- 
ing wide experience, for getting 
to know patients as well as staff. 


Situated in Richmond Hill. all 
the cultural and entertainment fa- 
cilities of Metropolitan Toronto 
are available a few miles to the 
South. " and the winter and 
summer holiday and week-end 
pleasures of Ontario are easily 
accessible to the North. If you 
are really interested in nursing. 
you are needed and will be made 
welcome. 


Apply in person or by mail to the 
Director of Nursing. 


YORK 
CENTRAL 
HOSPITAL 


RICHMOND HILL, 
ONTARIO 
NEW STAFF RESIDENCE 


66 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


CLEVELAND 


Where fhe Mf. Sinoi nurse 
has some of the mosf chal- 
lenging job opportunities, 
receives a beginning sol. 
ary of $550 a month. and 
works in Universify Circle, 
the city's educational cen- 
 
ter. For more information, ì. 
write ta Nurse Recruiter. 
Dept. CD. 


THE MT. SINAI 
HOSPITAL OF CLEVELAND 
UNIVERSITY CIRCLE. CLEVELAND. DHID 441D6 


ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
Of NURSING 


Applications are invited for the 
above position in a fully ac- 
credited 163-bed General Hos- 
pital in beautiful Northern On- 
tario. 


Desirable qualifications should 
include B.S.N. Degree with ex- 
perience in supervision. 


For further information, 
Write to: 


Director of Nursing 


KIRKLAND and DISTRICT HOSPITAL 


Kirkland Lake, Ontario. 


SUNNYBROOK 
HOSPITAL 


REGISTERED NURSES 


General Duty Nurses on rotating 
shifts are needed as part of the 
re-organization of Sunnybrook as 
a university teaching hospital. 
Employment in our Nursing Ser- 
vices Department includes: 


Metro Toronto Salary Scale 
Accommodation at reduced 
rates. Full range of fringe 
benefits 


Three weeks vacation after 
1 year 


Good location 
subway on 
grounds. 


bus from 
to hospital 


For additional information, 
please write: 
Director of Personnel 
and Public Relations, 


SUNNYBROOK HOSPITAL 


2075 Bayview Avenue 
Toronto 12, Ontario 


OCTOBER 1967 



ST. JOSEPH'S GENERAL HOSPITAL 


PORT ARTHUR, ONTARIO 
In June 1967 the opening of the new addition to the 1960 wing completed 
our 250-bed modern hospital. Applications are invited for the fallowing Services: 
Surgical, Medical, Pediatrics, Rehabilitation, and Intensive Care. 


HEAD NURSES for 
3 NURSING UNITS 


REGISTERED NURSES 


-- 


HEAD NURSE for O. R. 


REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 


. , 


.' 


ORDERLIES 


B.Se.N. with experience 
preferred 


.1'!P 
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Salary Commensurate with 
quali'ications and 
experience 


,._r !! 
. 


-
 


Planned Orientation 
Continuing Inservice 
Education 


- 



 


Excellent Personnel Policies 


Opportunity to continue education at lakehead University 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing Service 
ST. JOSEPH'S GEN ERAL HOSPITAL 
Port Arthur, Ontario, Canada. 


MEDICAL CENTER HOSPITAL OF VERMONT* 
Mary Fletcher Unit 


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GENERAL HOSPITAL 


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Invites applications from General Duty Nurses. Excellent personnel 
policies. An acfive and stimulating In-Service Educotion and 
Orientation Programme. A modern Management Training Pro- 
gramme to assist the career-minded nUrse to assume managerial 
positions. Solary is commensurate with experience and ability. We 
encourage you ta toke advantage of the opportunities offered in 
this new and expanding teaching hospital with its extended ler- 
vices in Paediatrics. Orthopaedics, Psychiatry, Cardiology, Plastic 
Surgery, Operating Room, Emergency, and Intravenous Therapy. 


Our patients come in all sizes. 
Only your career opportunities 
here are uniformly big. 


For further information write to: 
Director of Nursing 
Scarborough Ceneral Hospital 
Scarborough 
Metropolitan Toronto, Ontario 


------------------------
 
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------------------______1 


Personnel Office, Dept. 410 
Medical Center Hospital of Vermont 
Burlington, Vermont 05401 


Name 


Address 


.Combi11inQ MaTjJ FletcheT H08JJital and DeGoeøbriand Memorial Hospital 


OCTOBER 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 67 



THE HOSPITAL 


FOR 


SICK CHILDREN 


, 

 

 


"- 


,. 


OFFERS: 


1. Satisfying experience. 


2. Stimulating and friendly en- 
vironment. 


3. Orientation and In-Service 
Education Program. 


4. Sound Personnel Policies 


5. Liberal vacation. 


APPLICATIONS FOR REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS INVITED. 


For detailed information 
please write to: 


The Assistant Director 
of Nursing 
AUXILIARY STAFF 


555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Ontario, Canada 


68 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 


HOSPITAL - 
Newly expanded 350-bed hospital. Progressive patient care con- 
cept. 


SALARY - 
General Staff Nurses (Currently Registered in Ontario) $400.00 - 
$480. - 5-increments. 
Registered Nursing Assistants (Currently Registered in Ontario) 
$295.00 - $331.00, - 3 increments. 
HOUSING - 
Furnished apartments available at subsidized rates. 


JOB SATISFACTION - 
High quality patient care and friendly working environment. We 
appreciate our personnel and encourage their professional develop- 
ment. 


You are invited to enquire concerning employment opportunities to: 
Director of Nursing 


HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 


200 Church Street, Weston, Ontario 
Telephone 249-8111 (Toronto) 


PROGRAM SUPERVISOR 


Required by 


DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION. S.I.A.A.S. 
SASKATOON, SASK. 
COMPETITION NUMBER: c/c 931. 
This is a new two year school-based educational programme pre- 
paring students to qualify as Registered Nurses. 


QUALIFICATIONS: 
Registered Nurse holding a Masters Degree or equivalent with ex- 
perience in administration of schools of nursing. 


SALARY RANGE: 
$741-$944 B. Sc. N. 
$777-$991 M. Sc. N. 
BENEFITS: 
3 week annual vacation, sick leave, pension plan; group life in- 
surance. 


For further information and opplication forms opply: 


THE PUBLIC iERVICE OF SASKATCHEWAN 
Room 328, Legislative Building, Regina, Sask. 


OCTOBER 1967 



CANADAWS INDIANS 
NEED YOUR 


AND ESKIMOS 
HELP 


PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES 
REGISTERED HOSPITAL NURSES 
CERTIFIED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


HAVE YOU CONSIDERED 
A CAREER 
WITH 
MEDICAL SERVICES 
DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE 


lor lurther inlormation, write to: 
MEDICAL SERVICES DIRECTORATE 
DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE 
OTTAWA, CANADA 


NURSES 


EXECUTIVE AND GENERAL DUTY STAFF 



- 
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Victoria Hospital - London, Ontario 


OPPORTUNITIES> 


Unlimifed challenge to progress within a modern, 1,000 bed teach- 
ing hospital, affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, 
(situated in the heart of Southwestern Ontario.) Wide choice of 
specialties includes:- 
MEDICINE 
OBSTETRICS 
OPERATING ROOM 
INTENSIVE CARE UNIT 
DIALYSIS UNIT 


SURGERY 
PAEDIATRICS 
RECOVERY ROOM 
CORONARY CARE UNIT 
PSYCHIATRY 


BENEFITS 


-Top solaries and personnel policies 
--40.hour work week 
-28 days vacation, executive nursing personnel 
-21 days vacation, general duty staff 
-18 days sick leave 
FOR FURTHER DETAILS WRITE TO: 
Director of Nursing 
VICTORIA HOSPITAL 
London - Ontario 


I 
NEED 
YOU 


--- - 
,. -- 


., 


TO CARE FOR ME AT 
U.S. PHS ALASKA NATIVE HOSPITALS 
WANTED: PROFESSIONAL NURSES FOR 
CIVIL SERVICE POSITIONS 
EXCELLENT SALARIES 
PROMOTIONAL OPPORTUNITIES 
TRAVEL 
CIVIL SERVICE BENEFITS 
NEW EXPERIENCES 
for Details W rite To: 
AREA PERSONNEL OFFICER 
U.S. PHS ALASKA NATIVE HEALTH AREA OFFICE 
BOX 7-741 
ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 
EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER 


OCTOBER 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 69 



. Are you dissatisfied with your posifion? 


. Would you like a change? 


. Would you like to meet new people? 


THIS 


. Would you like to increase your nurs- 
ing skills? 


15-SECOND TEST 


. Would you like to work where 
1here is on active research pro- 
gram? 


COULD 


. Are you adapfable? 


. Do you enjoy winter and summer 
sports? 


CHANGE 


. Do you crave more cultural advan- 
tages? 


YOUR 


. Is your life a lillie boring right now? 


. Do you sense excifemenf in a change? 


fUTURE 


If your answer is YES you will like work- 
ing at this 1087 bed teaching hospital. 
Apply in writing to: 


Miss B. Jean Milligan, Reg. N., M.A., 
Assistant Director, 
Ottawa Civic Haspital, 
1053 Carling Ave., Ottawa 3. Onto 


THREE REGISTERED NURSES 


Required for general duty at Company Hospital In 
Temiscaming, Quebec. 


Salary Range $390 to $442 grass per month, peri- 
odic salary increases based an merit and service, 
single room accommodation available in nurses' 
residence, plus meals at total cost of $30 per month. 
Four weeks annual paid vacation, 5 day, 40 hour 
week. Attractive tourist area. Variety of summer and 
winter recreation activities: golf, tennis, swimming, 
curling, and skiing. Bus and rail transportation to all 
major points. 


Apply in writing to: 


Mrs. C. Alp, Matron, 


TEMISCAMING HOSPITAL 


Temiscaming, Que. 


70 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


GOVERNMENT Of THE YUKON TERRITORY 


Registered Nurses required for positions at Mayo 
General Hospital (16 beds) and St. Mary's Hospital 
(10 beds), Dawson City, Yukon Territory. 


Commencing salary $462.67 per month. Residence 
rates $50.00 per month full roam and boord. 


Economy air fare will be paid from Toronto or 
intermediate points. 


Application forms and personnel policies in 
effect may be obtained from: 


The Commissioner 


GOVERNMENT OF THE YUKON TERRITORY 


P. O. Box 2703 


Whitehorse, Yukon Territory 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES 


and 


REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


required for 438-bed, fully accredited hospital. Ad- 
ditional 295-bed expansion program now in pro- 
gress. Positions available in all departments. 


Salary range for Registered Nurses: $400 to $475 
per month. Starting rate will be commensurate with 
experience. 


Salary range for Registered Nursing Assistants: $270 
to $300 per month. 


Excellent fringe benefit program and personnel 
policies. 


Apply to: 
The Director of Nursing 
KITCHENER.WATERLOO HOSPITAL 
Kitchener, Ontario 


OCTOBER 1967 



THE ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH 


Announces Vacancies for 


RECIONAL CONSULTANTS - PUBLIC HEALTH NURSINC 
SALARY: $8,200 . $9,500-(Effective JANUARY 1, 1968-$8,600 - $10,000) 


DUTIES: 


To provide consultative services to local health agencies in designated areas of Onta- 
rio as a member of the staff of the Regional Medical Officer of Health. Provides 
guidance and advice on current nursing practices to public health nurses in official 
health agencies. Receives professional guidance from Senior Consultant in Public 
Health nursing. 
QUALIFICATIONS: 
Registration as a nurse in Ontario; preparation in public health nursing and in su- 
pervision and administration; Baccalaureate degree; at least 5 years' experience 
since registration including 2 years in administrative or supervisory capacity. Ability 
to provide professional nursing advice and guidance on a consultative basis. 
BENEFITS: 
Sick leave credits, vacation credits, excellent pension plan, subsidized health and life 
insurance plans, annual salary increments. 


@ 


ONTARIO 
PROVINCE OF OPPORTUNITY 


Please apply in confidence by submitting resume to: 
DIRECTOR OF PERSONNEL AND ORGANIZATION 
Room 5424. Whitney Block, Parliament Buildings, 
Toronto 5, Ontario 


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THE UNIVERSITY OF 
ALBERTA HOSPITAL 


is accepting applications from 
Registered Nurse Candidates for 
a 6 month course in Operating 
Roam Technique and Manage- 
ment. 
The class will commence March 
4, 1968. 


For further information apply to. 
The Director of Nursing 


THE UNIVERSITY OF 
ALBERTA HOSPITAL 


Edmonton, Alberta. 


OCTOBER 1967 


DIRECTOR 
REGIONAL SCHOOL 


OF 


OF NURSING 


"KIRKLAND LAKE" 


Applications are invited for the 
position of Director of a new 
Regional School of Nursing to be 
established in Kirkland lake with 
an annual enrollment of 30 
students encompassing five area 
hospitals. An excellent opportu- 
nity to develop a program from 
the erection of the building to 
operating the school. 
Please direct enquiries to: 
The Secretary of the Steering 
CommiHee: 
R. J. Cameron, Administrator, 


KIRKLAND AND DISTRICT 
HOSPITAL 


Kirkland Lake, Ontario. 


WINCHESTER DISTRICT 
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 


Winchester, Ontario 


Fully accredited 86-bed General 
Hospital, presently expanding to 
130 beds, urgently requires the 
following personnel: 


NURSING SUPERVISOR 
for afternoon shift 
HEAD NURSE FOR SURGICAL 
FLOOR 


Accommodation available in 
modern residence. 


For further information, salary 
and personnel policies, 
please apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
WINCHESTER DISTRICT 
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 
Winchester, Ontario 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 71 



REGISTERED NURSES 


required for 


82-bed hospital. Situated in the Niagara 
Peninsula. Transportation assistance. 


For salary rafes and personnel policies, 


apply to: 
Director of Nursing 


HALDIMAND WAR MEMORIAL 
HOSPITAL 


Dunnville, Ontario 


222 BED GENERAL HOSPITAL 


requires 


STAff NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


Cornwall is noted for ifs summer and 
winfer sporl areas, and is on hour and a 
half from both Montreal and Ottawa. 
Progressive personnel policies include 4 
weeks vocation. Experience and post-basic 
certificates are recognized. 


Apply to: 
Ass't. Director of Nursing 
(Service) 
CORNWALL GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Cornwall, Ontario 


ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING SERVICE 


Applications are invited for the position 
of Assistant Director of Nursing Service 
for a 291-bed fully accredited General 
Hospital. 


Preference will be given to applicanfs 
with preporation and experience in nurs- 
ing service adminisfratian. 


Apply to: 


Director of Nursing Service 
THE GENERAL HOSPITAL 
OF PORT ARTHUR 
Port Arthur, Ontario 


72 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


THE GENERAL REGISTRY 
OF GRADUATE NURSES 
TORONTO 


FURNISH NURSES 
AT ANY HOUR 
DAY or NIGHT 


Telephone: 483.4306 


411 Eglinton Avenue East 
Suite 500 
Toronto 12, Ontario 


JEAN C. BROWN, REG.N. 


REGISTERED NURSES 


Required for various deporfmenfs in a 
modern 140-bed hospital Sifuoted in fhe 
Kawortha Lakes areo. 


Toronfo Council salaries in effect 


Pleose apply to: 


Personnel Director 
ROSS MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 
Lindsay, Ontario 


PETERBOROUGH CIVIC HOSPITAL 


School of Nursing requires 


INSTRUCTRESS (Nursing Arts) 
INSTRUCTRESS (Medical-Surgical Area) 
New self-can1ained education building for 
school of nursing now open. 
Trent University is situated in Peterborough 


For further information write to: 


Director of Nursing 
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC 
HOSPITAL 
Peterborough, Ontario 


ACROSS 


CANADA 


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for employment or bursaries write: 
Director in Chief 
VICTORIAN ORDER OF NURSES 
FOR CANADA 
5 Blackburn Avenue, 
Ottawa 2, Ontario 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


Applications are invited for the position 
of Director of Nurses for a 90-bed, new 
modern General Hospital. The Hospital is 
located on the beautiful Soufh Shore of 
Nova Scotia. Excellent Personnel Policies 
and Benefits. Residence accommodation 
avoilable. Apply, stating qualificofions, 
experience and references 10: 


Mr. N. J. Dupuis 
Administrator 
DAWSON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 
Bridgewater, Nova Scotia 


CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS 


required 


with preporation and experience. Eligible 
for 8. C. Registrafion. Medical, Surgical 
and Paediatric areas. 


Student enrollment - 200 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
Victoria, B. C, 


OCTOBER 1967 



What does 
Methodist Hospital 
have to offer me? 


At the Methodist Hospital, where research is a part 
of progress, a nursing career takes on new horizons - 
rich in meaning and professional satisfaction. 
If you're looking for the chance to be the nurse 
you've always dreamed of - coming to the world 
famous Methodist Hospital can be an adventure - 
almost like stepping into the future - splendid 
facilities, 
o much advance equipment and 
everywhere the newest medical and patient care 
techniques are in use. 
Some of the best aspects of nursing at METHODIST 
are as old as medicine itself - there is a spirit of 
kindness and consideration, and emphasis on patient 
care, that make this a hospital where nursing is 
satisfying and rewarding, day by day. 
Methodist Hospital is right in the center of the world's 
great Medical, Research and Educational complexes. 
HOUSTON is an exciting city - rodeo and opera, 
pro-football and the famous Alley Theatre, water sports 
and beaches an hour or less away, the Houston 
Symphony and the Astrodome! 


A Few Quick Facts: We're affiliated with Baylor 
University College of Medicine and associated with 
Texas Woman's UniverSity College of Nursing. 
New $9'12 million Cardiovascular and Orthopedic 
Research Center will open soon. Our Inservice 
Education Department gives you thorough 
orientation, and continued instruction in new 
concepts and techniques. You'll find every 
encouragement to broaden your skills, 
including tuition assistance in obtaining 
further education in nursing. 


.. 


Send for Your Colorful Informative Illustrated 
Brochure. . . to learn about Methodist Hospital, 
Houston, positions available, salary and employment 
benefits, tuition allowance, complimentary room 
accommodation and our Nurse Specialist Programs. 
Wrote, call or send coupon, Director of Personnel, 
The Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, 
Houston, Texas 77025 


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I Director of Personnel, THE METHODIST HOSPITAL, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77025 I 
I Please send me your brochure about nursing opportunities at THE METHODIST HOSPITAL-Texas Medical Center I 
I I 
I Name I \ 
I Address I 
I I 
I City State Zip Code I 
L_____________________________________ 


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HOSPITAL: 
A newly expanded 257 bed hospital with such progressive 
care concepfs as a 12-bed I.C.U., 22.bed psychiatric and 
24-bed self care unit. 
IDEAL LOCATION: 
45 minutes from downtown Toronto, 15-30 minutes from ex- 
cellent summer and winter resort areas. 
SALARIES: 
Registered Nurses: $400.00 - $480.00 per month. 
Registered Nursing Assistants: $295.00 - $331.00 per month. 
FURNISHED APARTMENTS: 
Swimming pool, tennis caurts, etc. (see above) 
OTHER BENEFITS: 
Medical and hospital insurance, group life insurance, pension 
plan, 40 hour week. 


Please address all enquiries to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL 
596 Davis Drive 
Newmarket, Ontario 


- 


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.. 


MAIMONIDES HOSPITAL 
AND HOME FOR THE AGED 


AN OPPORTUNITY.... 
A CHALLENGE.... 
A NEW EXPERIENCE.... 


SUPERVISORS, STAFF NURSES, NURSING 
ASSISTANTS, INSTRUCTORS, PSYCHIATRIC 
NURSE: 


We invite you to join the nursing staff of New Mai- 
man ides. 


LIBERAL VACATION 
PENSION PLANS . 
MENSURA TE WITH 


. . HEALTH AND 
. SALARIES COM- 
RECOGNIZED SCALES 


Apply to: 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


5795 Caldwell Avenue 
Montreal 29, Quebec 


OCTOBER 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 73 



WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Requires 


GENERAL STAFF NURSES 


All DEPARTMENTS 


and 


O.R. TECHNICIANS 


Apply: 
Director of Nursing 
WOODSTOCK 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Woodstock, Ontario 


McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL 


requires 


Registered Nurses for General Stoff. The 
hospital is friendly and progressive. 
It is now in the beginning stages of a 
$3,500,000 program of expansion and 
renovction. 


- Openings in all services. 
- Proximity to Lakehead 
ensures opporfunify for 
educafion. 


University 
furthering 


For full particulars write to: 
Director 
of Nursing Service 
McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL, 
Fort William, Ontario. 


REGISTERED NURSES 


Qualified or Interested in Qualifying for 
Employment in Intensive Cardiac Care Unit 


GENERAL STAFF NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 


Modern 395-bed, fully accredifed General 
Hospital with School of Nursing. 
Excellent personnel policies, O.H.A. pen- 
sion plan. 
Pleasant, progressive, industrial cify of 
23,000 


Apply: 
Personnel Officer 
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
St. Thomas, Ontario 


74 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


PORT COLBORNE 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


PORT COLBORNE, ONTARIO 


STAFF NURSES 


required 


For 166-bed hospital within easy driving 
disfance of American and Canadian me- 
tropolitan cenfres. Consideration given for 
previous experience obtained in Canada. 
Completely furnished apartment-style resi- 
dence, including balcony and swimming 
pool facing lake, adjacent to hospital. 


Apply: 
Director of Nursing 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Port Colborne,Ontario 


REGISTERED NURSES 


For new IOO-bed General Hospital in 1he 
beginning stages of on expansion pro- 
gram, located on the beautiful Lake of the 
Woods. Three hours' travel time from 
Winnipeg with good transportation avail- 
able. Wide voriety of summer and win- 
ter sports - swimming, booting, fishing, 
golfing, skafing, curling, tobogganing, 
skiing. 
Salary: $415 wifh allowance for experi- 
ence. Residence available. Good per- 
sonnel policies. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
KENORA GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Kenora, Ontario 


ST. JOSEPHrS HOSPITAL 


LONDON, ONTARIO 


Teaching Hospital, 600 beds, new facilifies 


requires: 


REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


For further information apply: 


The Director of Nursing Service 
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 
London, Ontario 


NUFFIELD ORTHOPAEDIC CENTRE 


Headington, Oxford 
England 


Applications are invifed for Stoff Nurse 
vacancies at this world famous Orfho- 
paedic Hospital. It is essenfial that can. 
didates should be eifher holders of, or 
prepared fO sfudy for the O.N.C. 


Whitley Council condifions of service 
apply and the salary scale is E690 to 
ES50 per annum plus on allowance of 
EI0. for holders of the O.N.C. 


Accommodation with full boord is avai. 
lable at E230 per annum. 


Application should be sent to: 


THE MATRON 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
EDUCATION 


Masfer's degree preferred; fo conducf 
basic nursing program and affiliate pro- 
gram. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, 
CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL 
OF WINNIPEG, 
Winnipeg, Manitoba. 


MEDICINE HAT 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


MEDICINE HAT, ALBERTA 


STAFF NURSES 


Currenf Recommended 
Solary Scoles 


Apply: 


Director of Nursing 
or any 
CANADA MANPOWER CENTRE 


OCTOBER 1967 



VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPITAL 


HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA 


Requires the services of Registered Nurses for all 
services including operating room, recovery room, 
intensive core and emergency in the newly expand- 
ed eight hundred and fifty bed facilities of the lar- 
gest general and referral hospital in the Atlantic 
Provinces. 


Salary range for General Stoff positions $360.00 - 
$420.00 per month and full Civil Service benefits. 


Direct inquiries to: 


Director of Nurses 


VICTORIA CENERAL HOSPITAL 


Halifax, Nova Scotia 


A 5800 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 


SI. THOMAS-ELGIN GENERAL HOSPITAL 


REQUIRES 


CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR (MEDICAL) 


Annual enrollment of 50 students. 


B. Sc. N. preferred. University Diploma acceptable. 


Salary commensurate with qualifications and ex- 
perience. 


APPL Y: 


Director of Nursing 


ST. THOMAS-ELGIN GENERAL HOSPITAL 


St. Thomas, Onto 


OCTOBER 1967 


ROYAL INLAND 
HOSPITAL 
Kamloops. B.C. 


INVITES YOU fo apply for a posifion in on exponding hospitol. 
There is on opening for you in any of the services, which include 
Infensive Core, Hoemodiolysis, Psychiofry, Reocfivotion. Hospitol 
is a Regional Hospifal and major medical cenfre in the Inferior 
wifh all genl!ral specialfies well represented including neurosur- 
gery. 186 bed oir-condifioned wing was completed in 1966, pre- 
sent renovation bringing capocily fo 270 beds and 45 bossinenes 
will be complefed in Ocfober. Plans for expansion fo 500 beds ore 
underway. 


Salary as p.r R.N.A.B.C. contract. 4 weeks vacation. Cumulative 
sick leav. up to 120 days. Pension and m.dical coverage pro- 
gramm.. Opportunity for advancement. 


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SCHOOL OF NURSING - SCHOOL OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY - 
IN.SERVICE EDUCATION PROGRAMME INCLUDING ORIENTATION 
- SUMMER INTERNE PROGRAMME. 


You will have initial accommodofion provided at nominal cost. 
KAMLOOPS, a rapidly exponding industriol areo wifh a populafion 
of 35,000, known as the Sunny Sportsman's Paradise - Hub Cify 
of Brifish Columbia served by Trans Conada Highway, bofh major 
Railways, and Airline Services. 


For your enjoymenf a large voriety of winter ond SUmmer acfi- 
vities are available including excellent skiing, golfing, boafing, 
fishing, camping, horsebock riding, flying, drama. cancerfs, and 
on active adult education programme. 


Applications and enquiries should be addressecl to : 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING SERVICE 
ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL 
KAMLOOPS r B.C. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 75 



OPERATING ROOM 
SUPERVISOR 


Postgraduate trained. 


For 61-bed well-equipped 
hospital. 


Apply: 


Administrator 
WILLETT HOSPITAL 


Paris, Ontario 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


AND 


DIETITIAN 


Applicofions ore invifed for fhe above 
positions in a 65-bed hospital currently 
undergoing renovations and expanding 
to 95 beds by year end. 
Excellent personnel policies and salary 
commensurafe wifh experience and quali- 
ficafians. Hospifal locafed only 10 min- 
utes from downtown Buffalo. 


Applicatians and enquiries shauld be 
directed ta: 
W. F. Thompson, 
Superintendent 
DOUGLAS MEMORIAL 
HOSPITAL 
Fort Erie, Ontario 


DIRECTOR 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 


Applicatipns are invifed for the above 
position in on ultro-modern School of 
Nursing located in Soufh Western On- 
tario. 


Annual enrollment of 50 studenfs. 


Two-Plus-one program commencing Sep- 
tember, 1968. 


Minimum requirement B.Sc.N. with 
severo I years experience. 


Apply: 
Chairman 
Board of Nursing Education 
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
St. Thomas, Ontario 


76 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 
COOKSVILLE, ONTARIO 


REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSIST ANTS 


For all Departments and a new Psychi. 
atric wing. 
Subsidized employee benefifs and good 
personnel policies in effect. 
Modern, furnished apartments availoble. 


For information and apptication, 
ptease write to: 
Director of Nursing 
SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 
Cooksville, Ontario 


REGISTERED NURSES 


required 


For modern IOOO-bed accredited hospital. 
Excellenf advancement opporfunities. 
Wide range of services provided in 
Surgery, Medicine, Emergency, Intensive 
Care, Chronic, Maternity, Psychiotric, Or- 
thopaedic, efc. Excellent wages and be- 
nefits progrom including 10 sfatutory 
holidoys. 


Please apply to: 
Personnel Department 
HENDERSON GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 
Hamilton, Ontario 


POSITIONS OPEN 


Director of Nursing Educofion. Preferable 
holding a Masters Degree. Also Instruc- 
tors with Bachelors Degree in Nursing or 
Post-Graduate training. 


270.bed accredifed hospital. 


ABERDEEN HOSPL T AL 


New Glasgow 
Nova Scotia 


WILSON MEMORIAL 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


requires 


REGISTERED NURSES FOR 
GENERAL DUTY 
REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 


20-bed hospifal. Sifuated in a thriving 
Norfhwestern Onfario community. 
Room and board provided. 


For full particulars, 
Write to: 
Director of Nursing 
Marathon, Ontario 


REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 


required for 


BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Construction of a new hospital scheduled 
for complefion November 1967 will in- 
creose the bed capacity to 450. Included 
in the new hospital will be the Friesen 
concept of equipmenf and material sup- 
ply. Salary commensurate with prepara- 
tion and experience. Benefifs include Ca- 
noda Pension Plan, Hospital Pension Plan, 
Group Life Insurance. Accumulative sick 
leave. Ontario Hospital Insurance ond 
P.S.I. - 50% poyment by hospital. 


Apply: 


P.rsonnel Director 
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Belleville, Ontario 


LABORATORY TECHNICIAN 
FORT CHURCHILL 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Registered laboratory technician for 51- 
bed active treatment hospital in Northern 
Monitoba, wifh medical sfaff of three 
doctors. Must be able to perform proce- 
dures in fields of hemafology, bacterio- 
logy, grouping and cross-matching blood, 
biochemisfry. Salary $490-$570 per 
month plus $20 minimum call bock poy. 


Apply stating experience and 
references to: 


The Administrator 
FORT CHURCHILL 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Fort Churchill, Manitoba 


OCTOBER 1967 



UNITED STATES 


I I 


UNITED STATES 


TEAM LEADER opportunities in North Miami. The 
newly ex ponded 372-bed North Miomi Generol 
Hospital needs evening and night Registered Nurse 
team leaders for its Medical-Surgical Units. Salaries 
ore $652-$678 per month depending upon experience. 
North Miami General is a fully accredited five 
year old hospital with liberal fringe benefits and 
a continuing education program for Registered Nurses. 
For a descriptive brochure and hospital policies 
write: North Miami General Hospital, North Miami, 
Florida. J. Larry Sims, Administrative Assistant. An 
equal opportunity employer. 15-10-2A 


STAFF NURSES: To work in Extended Core or Tuber- 
culosis Unit. Live in lovely suburban Clevelond in 
2-bedroom house for $55 a month including all 
utilities. Modern salary and excellent fringe benefits. 
Write Director of Nursing Service. 4310 Richmond 
Rood, Cleveland, Ohio. 15-36 t F 


STAFF NURSES - Here is the opportunity to further 
develop your professional skills and knowledge in our 
t,OOO.bed medical center. We have liberal personnel 
policies with premiums for evening end night taurs. 
Our nurses' residence, located in the midst of 33 
cultural and educational institutions, offers low-cost 
housing adiacent to the Hospitals. Write for our booklet 
on nursing opportunities. Feel free to tell us what type 
position you are seeking. Write: Director of Nursing, 
Room 600, University Hospitals of Cleveland, University 
Circle, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 15-36-tG 


Registered Nurs. (Scenic Oregon vocation play- 
ground. skiing, swimming. boating & cultural 
events) for 295.bed teaching unit on campus of 
University of Oregon medical school. Salary storts 
ot $575. Pay differential for nights and evenings. 
Liberal policy for advancement. vacations. sick 
leave, holidays. Apply: Multnomah Hospital, Port. 
land. Oregon. 97201. 15-38-1 


ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 


MONTREAL, OUEBEC 


POSTGRADUATE COURSES 


1. 


(a) .Six month clinical course in Obstetrical Nursing. 
Classes - September and March. 
(b) Two month clinical course in Gynecological Nursing. 
Classes following the six month course in Obstetrical 
Nursing. 
(c) Eight week course in Care of the Premature Infant. 


2. 


Six month course in Operating Room Technique. 
Classes - September and March. 


3. 


Six month course in Theory and Practice in Psychiatric 
Nursing. 
Classes - September and March. 


For information and details of the courses, apply to: 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 


Montreal r P.O. 


OCTOBER 1967 


UNIVERSITY OF 
BRITISH COLUMBIA 


School of Nursing 


DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC 
NURSING 
DEGREE COURSE FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 


Both of these courses lead to the 
B.S.N. degree. Graduates are pre- 
pared for public health as well as 
hO'Spital nursing positions. 


DIPLOMA COURSES FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 


I. Public Health Nursing. 
2. Administration of Hospital 
Nursing Units. 
3. Psychiatric Nursing. 


For information write to: 
The Director 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 
UNIVERSITY OF B.C. 


Vancouver 8, B.C. 


WINCHESTER DISTRICT 
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 


Winchester, Ontario 


Fully accredited 86-bed General 
Hospital, presently expanding to 
130 beds, urgently requires the 
following personnel: 


NURSING SUPERVISOR 
for afternoon shift 


HEAD NURSE FOR SURGICAL 
FLOOR 


Accommodation available in mo- 
dern residence. 


For further information, salary 
and personnel policies, 
please apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
WINCHESTER DISTRICT 
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 
Winchester, Ontario 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 77 



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DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 


DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC NURSING - (B.N.) 
An integrated program extending over four colendar years is of. 
fered fo candidates with Senior Matriculation and prepores the stu. 
dent for nursing practices in the community and hospifals. 


DEGREE COURSE FOR REGISTERED NURSES - (B.N.) 
A program extending over three academic years is offered fo Re. 
gistered Nurses who wish fa obtain a Bachelor of Nursing degree. 
The COUrse includes sfudies in fhe humanifies, sciences, and 0 
nursing speciolty. 


DIPLOMA COURSES FOR REGISTERED NURSES - 
1 YEAR 
(I) Nursing Service Administrotion 
(2) Public Health Nursing 
(3) Teaching in Schools of Nursing 
DIPLOMA COURSE FOR REGISTERED NURSES 
2 YEARS 
OUfposf Nursing Course eXfending over twa calendor years and 
leoding to a Diploma in Public Heolth Nursing and a Diploma in 
Outpost Nursing. 
For further information apply to: 
Director, School of Nursing 
DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 
Halifax, N.S. 


THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL 
QUEEN SQUARE, w.e.t, and 
MAIDA VALE HOSPITAL, 
W. 9. 


LONDON 
(POST-GRADUATE TEACHING 
HOSPITALS) 
NEUROLOGY AND 
NEUROSURGERY 
These unique hospifols af internofionol 
repute offer to Regisfered Nurses:- 
1) One year COUrse - badge and certi- 
ficafe awarded. 
2) Operating Theafre experience. Mini- 
mum period of appainfmenf, four 
manths. 
3) Generol dufies on medico I and sur- 
gical wards, occasional vacancy ot 
Convalescent Hospifal (near Hamp- 
sfead Heath), minimum periods of ap- 
poinfmenf two months. 
Considerafion given to Nurses wishing ta 
take extended holidays. 
This branch of nursing hos a special ap- 
peal to those interested in research and 
fhe humanitarian aspect of nursing. 
Further particulars may be 
obtained from: 
Matron 
THE NA nONAL HOSPITAL 
Queen Square, London, W.C.1 
England 


78 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


I, 


SCARBOROUGH CENTENARY HOSPITAL 


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Invites Applications For: 


TEAM LEADERS 
GENERAL STAFF R.N. and R.N.A. 


This modern 525-bed hospital, scheduled to open in the foil of 
1967, is fully equipped with the latest facilities to assist personnel 
in potient care and embraces the most modero concepts of team 
nursing. (See Hospital Administrafion in Canada January 1967 
edition.) Excellent personnel policies are availoble. Progressive staff 
and management development programs offer the maximum op- 
portunities for those who are interested. Salary is commensurate 
wifh experience and ability. 


For further information, please direct your enquiries to: 
Director of Nursing Service, 
SCARBOROUGH CENTENARY HOSPITAL 
Post Office Box 250, West Hill, Ontario 


NURSING 
ADMINISTRATION 


An attractive, senior position is 
available for a Registered Nurse, 
preferably one with a degree in 
Nursing but a University diploma 
in Nursing Administration will 
be acceptable. Experience in 
nursing service is essential and 
the successful applicant will be a 
member of Management in Nurs- 
ing Administration. Salary will 
be negotiated. Replies, which 
will be confidential, should in- 
clude a resume of experience 
and education. 


Please write to: 


Director of Nursing, 
OSHA W A GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Oshawa, Ontario. 


DEP ARTMENT 
OF HEALTH 


NEWFOUNDLAND 


Applications are invited for the 
position of Head Nurse in Ob- 
stetrics at the Harmon Hospital, 
Stephenville, Newfoundland. 
Preference will be given to ap- 
plicants with post-graduate train- 
ing in Obstetrics, but consider- 
ation will be given to those 
having Obstetrical experience. 
Salary is $4,600-120-$5,300 per 
annum. Additional payment will 
be given for postgraduate dip- 
loma in Obstetrics. 
Living in accommodation is 
available at the rate of $696 
per annum. Uniforms are pro- 
vided. 


For further information apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
HARMON HOSPITAL 
Stephenville, Newfoundland 


OCTOBER 1967 



I I 


UNITED STATES 


UNITED STATES 


tEGISTERED NURSES: for 75-bed air-conditioned 
.ospitol, growing community. Sto,ting salary $330 
D365/m, fringe benefits, vacation, lick leave. holi- 
Joys, life insurance, hospitalization. 1 meal furnish- 
-d. Write: Administrator, Hendry General Hospital, 
:Iewiston, Florida. t5.10.1 


STAFF NURSES: University of Washington. 320-bed 
modern, expanding Teaching and Research Hospital 
located on campus offers you on opportunity to 
join the stoff in one of the following specialties: 
Clinical Research, Premature Center. Open Heart 
Surgery, Physical Medicine, Orthopedics, Neurosurge- 
ry, Adult and Child Psychiatry in addition 
to the General Services. Salary $525 for newly 
graduate nurse. $560 within first six months to $640. 
Salary commensurate with experience and education. 
Unique benefit program includes free University 
courses after six months. For information on op- 
portunities, write to: Mrs. Ruth fine. Director of 
Nursing Services, University Hospital, 1959 N.E. Paci- 
fic Avenue, Seollle, Washington 98105. 


!.N.'s Need.d - New 50.bed hospital. 5010ry 
!ange $500 to $530 plus shift differential, per 
110nth. Blue Cross Blue Shield insurance, paid 
'acation. On lake Okeechobee, 40 miles from 
Nest Palm Beach. Write or coli collect, Mrs. Hilda 
lensen, Director of Nurses, Everglades Memorial 
-iospital, P.O. Box 659, Pahokee, Florida. Phone 
105 924-520 I. 



 B.I w 


SCHOOL FOR GRADUATE NURSES 
McGill UNIVERSITY 


\W<
 

 


PROGRAMS FOR GRADUATE NURSES 
DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF NURSING 


Two years from McGill Senior Matriculation or three years from McGill Junior 
Mafriculafion or the equivalents. In First Year the sfudent elects one clinical 
selling in which fo sfudy nursing, selecting from 
· Mafernal and Child Health Nursing 
. Medical-Surgical Nursing 
· Mental Healfh and Psychiatric Nursing 
. Public Health Nursing 
In Final Year fhe student studies in nursing educofion, or nursing service 
supervision, selecting from 
. Teaching of Nursing 
· Supervision of Nursing Service in Hospitals 
· Supervision of Public Health Nursing Service 


DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE (APPLIED) 


A program of two academic years for nurses wifh a baccolaureafe degree. 
Students elect to major in: 
· Development and AdministrOfion of Educofional Programs in Nursing 
· Nursing Service Administration in Hospitals and Public Health Agencies 


PROGRAM IN BASIC NURSING 
leading to the degree Bachelor 01 Science In Nursing 


A five-year program for students with McGill Junior Matriculation or its equivalent. 
This program combines acodemic and professional courses with supervised nursing 
experience in the McGill teaching hospitals and selected health agencies. This brood 
background of education, followed by graduate professional experience, prepares 
nurses for advanced levels of service in hospitals and community. 


For further particulars write to: 


DIRECTOR, McGILL SCHOOL FOR GRADUATE NURSES 
3S06 UNIVERSITY STREET, MONTREAL 2, QUE. 


OCTOBER 1967 


HOTEL DIEU HOSPITAL 


Kingston, Ontario 


A Postgraduate Course in Operafing 
Room Technique ond Management is now 
available at this Hospital. The next closs 
of six months duration will be admilled 
May 1st, 1968. 


ForMM
mk
mron
d
ro
 
write to: 


Director of N'ursing Service 
HOTEL DIEU HOSPITAL 
Kingston, Ontario 


RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL 
OF OTTAWA 


A new, air-condifianed 340-bed hospital. 
Applicafions are called for Nurses for the 
positions of: 


ASSISTANT HEAD NURSES, 
GENERAL STAFF NURSES 


and 


REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 


Address all enquiries to: 
Director of Nursing 
RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL 
OF OTTAWA 
1967 Riverside Drive, 
Ottawa, Ontario 


KELOWNA GENERAL HOSPITAL 
OKANAGAN VALLEY, B. C. 


VACANCY OPEN 
FOR NURSING OFFICE 
NURSING SERVICE 
SUPERVISOR 


Preparation ond experience in nursing 
service administration required, degree 
preferred. 


Applications and enquiries fo: 


Director of N'ursing 
KELOWNA GENERAL HOSPITAL 
2268 pandosy Street 
Kelowna, B.C. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 79 



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80 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Index 
to 
advertisers 
October 1967 


Abbott Laboratories Limited 
Ames Company of Canada Limited 
Ayerst Laboratories 
Boehringer Ingelheim Products 
Canadian Sugar Institute 
Canadian Tampax Corp. Ltd. 
Facelle Company Ltd. 
Charles E. Frosst & Co. 
W. J. Gage Limited 
Frank W. Horner Limited 
Kayser-Roth of Canada (Supp-Hose Stockings) 
Lakeside Laboratories (Canada) Ltd. 
Lewis-Howe Company (Turns) 
J.B. Lippincott Company of Canada Limited 
C. V. Mosby Company 
J. T. Posey Co. 
Reeves Company 
W. B. Saunders Company 
Scholl Mfg. Co. Ltd. 
Sterilon of Canada _ 
Uniforms Registered __ 
United Surgical Corporation 
Warner-Chilcott Labs Co. Ltd. 
(Texas Pharmacal Div.) 
White Cross Shoes 
Win ley-Morris Company Ltd. 
Winthrop Laboratories 


Advertising 
Manager 
Ruth H. Baumel, 
The Canadian Nurse 
50 The Driveway, 
Ottawa 4, Ontario 
Advertising Representatives 
Richard P. Wilson, 
219 East Lancaster Avenue, 
Ardmore, Penna. 19003 
Vanco Publications, 
170 The DOQ.way West, 
Suite 408, Don Mills, Onto 
Member of Canadian 
Circulation Audit Board Inc. 


9, 52 
24 
2 
13 
23 
21 
6 
53 
55 
19 
14 
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57 
10 
]7 
54 
]8 
Cover II 
54 
5 
Cover III 
56 


1 
16 
12 
Cover IV 


B3!1:J 


OCTOBER 1967 



November 1967 


MR S MT MELLON 
2368 MONROE AVE 
OTTAWA 5 O
T 00511096 


The 
Canadian 
Nurse 


, 
..! "'" 
. 
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official opening 
of CNA House 


ups and downs 
of economic progress 


a CUSO volunteer 
reports from India 


\ "'-t.. -.... '" 
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Because SANEEN diapers are much more absorbent than cloth, fewer changes are necessary. 


Using this newest 
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More and more hospitals are discovering that the use of 
SANEEN Flush-a-byes disposable diapers has improved 
their diapering technique. 
Efficiency - Because SANEEN diapers are several times 
more absorbent than cloth, fewer diaper and bedding 
changes are necessary. Nursing time is saved as SANEEN 
diapers are pre-packed, pre-folded, ready for use at the 
bassinet. They take less storage space. And laundry 
loads are reduced. 
Reduced Costs - Because SANEEN diapers save on 
laundry, they are comparable in cost to cloth diapers. 
Hygiene - SANEEN diapers are free of pathogenic 
organisms - need not be autoclaved. Used only once, 
they eliminate a major source of cross-infection. 
Comfort - SANEEN diapers are exceptionally soft and 
specially designed to provide a snug fit, thus preventing 
seepage. Their high absorbency keeps moisture away 
from the baby's skin, allowing the skin to breathe 
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Write us and we will have a representative analyse your 
requirements and arrange a trial supply for your hospital. 
Use these other fine Saneen Products to complete your 
disposable program: PERI-WIPES, CELLULOSE WIPES, SWABS, BED 
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Sterilon lets you select the bedside 
drainage tray that best suits your needs... 


Note the advantages in every 
#903, #904 and #905 drainage tray: 


Sterilon's bedside drainage tray units will serve the need 
for catheterization and drainage collection, but with 
these distinct advantages. . . 
A lift-out plastic tray with sequence-packed components 
including a waterproof underpad, a fenestrated drape, 
ambidextrous plastic gloves, five rayon balls, disposable 
plastic forceps, 30 cc's Benzalkonium Chloride (1 :750) 
and a water soluble lubricant. 
In addition, each unit contains a vented 2000 cc bottom 
draining bedside collection bag with attached 9/32 tube, 
plus a s yringe pre-filled with 8 cc of sterile water. This 
eliminates the need for a needle and simplifies both in- 
flation and deflation of the balloon when used with 
valve-type catheters. 


Three options for your convenience: 
If you prefer a bedside drainage tray unit without a 
catheter, specify the Sterilon #903 Bedside Drainage 
Tray. 
If you prefer a bedside drainage tray unit that includes 
all of the standard components plus an 18 Fr. valve-type 
balloon catheter, specify the Sterilon #901,. Bedside 
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the Sterilon #905 Bedside Drainage Tray. 


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As with all sterile disposable Items, the packaging should 
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Cat. Nos. 903, 904 and 905 



Your student's successful future 
depends on sound guidance now. 
Prepare her with the best . . . 
The First Book in a New Biennial Series 


This outstanding new reference offers your students a personal lib- 
rary of current nursing concepts and techniques. It shares with them 
the insight and experience of 28 distinguished contributors, as they 
examine new ideas and the latest procedures in various areas of 
clinical nursing - medical-5urgical, psychiatric, pediatric and mater- 
nity nursing. Many instructors believe this book will be an excellent 
supplement to the required textbook in various subject areas. Total 
patient care is stressed throughout, emphasizing the importance of 
psychological needs as well as physiological needs. 
The role of the patient's family, nursing care of the patient who has 
had an organ transplant, how to alleviate sleep problems and how 
to meet the needs of the unwed mother are a few of the timely topics 
discussed. An excellent bibliography offers opportunity for addi- 
tional reading. 


Current Concepts in CLINICAL NURSING 


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"The general purpose of this book is the pro- 
vision of the opportunity for nurse practitioners 
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meet these problems." 
Margery Duffy, R.N., Ph.D. 


Edited by BETTY BERGERSEN, R.N., Ed.D.; EDITH ANDERSON, R.N., Ph.D.; MARGERY DUFFY, 
R.N., Ph.D.; MARION ROSE, R.N., M.A.; and MARY LOHR, R.N., Ed.D. Writt.n by 28 dis- 
tinguished contributors. Publication date: November 1967. Approx. 486 pages, 7" x 10". 
41 illustrations. About $12.70. ' 


New 4th Edition! 


Alexander - Ellison - Burley - Vallari 


CARE OF THE PATIENT IN SURGERY 
Including Techniques 


Now the thoroughly revised and expanded new 
4th edition of this immensely popular text offers 
your students complete, explicit and up-to-date 
information on every aspect of the nurses duties 
in surgery, from the design and administration of 
the surgical suite, to surgical procedures and 
nursing responsibilities involved in the many 
kinds of operations performed today. Two new 
chapters are included: surgerv on the ear and 


New 4th Edition! 


ophthalmic surgery. More than 550 illustrations, 
many of them new to this edition, enhance the 
author's presentation. The most recent advances 
in chest, heart and gynecologic surgery are discus- 
sed in detail. 


By EDYTHE LOUISE ALEXANDER, B.S., M.A., R.N.; WANDA BUR- 
LEY, B.S., M.A., R.N.; DOROTHY ELLISON, B.S., M.A., R.N.; and 
ROSALIND VALLERI, B.S., M.A., R.N., Publication date: Septem- 
ber, 1967. 4th edition, 898 pages plus FM I-XVIII, 7" x 10", 555 
illustrations, 5 in color. Price, S 18.20. 


MEDICAL - SURGICAL NURSING 


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The new, lavishly illustrated two-color 4th edi- 
tion of this long-established classic helps your 
student understand the true meaning of "total pa- 
tient care." Thoroughly reorganized and revised 
to reflect the most recent nursing concepts, this 
easy-to-read text contains 236 illustrations, of 
which 60 are new to this edition. Emphasis is 
placed on the concept of prevention and the re- 
lationship of the family to a patient's progress. 
Instructive new discussions guide the student 


through the latest methods in such complex areas 
as: care of the cardiac patient; diseases of the 
urinary system; endocrine disease; burns, and dis- 
eases of joints and tissue. A complimentary copy 
of a new Teaching Guide will be provided to as- 
sist you in planning your course. 


By EDYTHE LOUISE ALEXANDER, B.S., M.A., R.N.; WANDA BUR- 
LEY. B.S.. M.A., R.N.; DOROTHY ELLISON, B.S., M.A., R.N.; and 
ROSALIND VALLARI, B.S., M.A., R.N., Publication date: Septem- 
ber, 1967. 4th edition, 898 pages plus FM I-XVIII, 7" x 10", 621 
illustrations, 5 in color. Price, $18.20. 


THE C. V. MOSBY COMPANY, LTO 
 Publishers 
86 Northline Road. Toronto 16, Ontario 
 


2 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


NOVEMBER 196i 



The 
Canadian 
Nurse 


A monthly journal for the nurses of Canada published 
in English and french editions by the Canadian Nurses' Association 


Volume 63, Number 11 November 1967 


26 Ups and downs of economic progress G. Rowsell 


30 Residence living - Yes or No? M. E. Doyle and I. Daykin 


33 Home care of Ravi - a premature infant M. R. Pandya 


37 Official Opening of CNA House 


45 India's project number one 


50 Does academic preparation make cents? 


W. Marson 


The views expressed in the various articles are the views of the authors and do not 
necessarily represent the policies or views of the Canadian Nurses' Association. 


4 Letters 7 News 
22 Names 24 New Products 
51 Dates 52 Books 
58 Films 58 Accession List 


Executive Director: Helen K. Mussallem . 
Editor: vtrglnta A. Ltndabury . Assistant 
Editor: Glennis N. ZUm . Editorial Assbtant: 
Loral A. Graham . Circulation Manager: Pler- 
reUe HOUe . Ad\ertising Manager: Ruth H. 
Baumel . Subscrlpllon Rates: Canada: One 
Year. $4.50; two years, S8.00. Foreilm: One 
Year, S5.00: two year.. S9.00. Single copies: 
50 cents each. Make cheques or money orders 
pa\ able 10 The Canadian Nurse . Change of 
Address: Four weeks' notice and the otd 
address as well as the new are necessary. Not 
responsible for journal. lost in mail due to 
errors in address. 
@ Canadian Nurses Association, 1967 


NOVEMBER 1967 


Manuscrtpt Information: "The Canadian 
Nurse" welcomes unsolicited articles. All 
manuscripts should be typed, double-spaced. 
on one side of unruled paper leaving wide 
margins. Manuscripts are accepted for review 
for exclusive publication. The editor reserves 
the right 10 make the usual editorial changes. 
Photographs (glossv prints) and graphs and 
diagrams (drawn in india ink on white paper) 
are welcomed with such articles. The editor 
is not commiued to publish all articles sent 
nor to indicate defimte dates of publication: 
Authorized as Second-Class Mail bv the Post 
Office Department, Ottawa, and for payment 
of postage in cash. Postpaid at Montreal. 
Return Postage Guaranteed. 50 The Drivewav 
Ottawa 4. Ontario. ' 


The CNA Board of Directors' 
decision to use the Registered Nurses' 
Association of Ontario Testing 
Service as a nucleus for a national 
testing service (News, page 7) is of 
major significance to the nursing 
profession. 
First, it means all candidates for 
nurse registration or licensure in 
Canada will write examinations that 
have been developed and standardized 
in this country, rather than in the 
U.S.A. The reason for regarding this 
as an advantage is not merely 
chauvinistic. It is based, rather, on a 
belief that a profession in a given 
country differs inherently from the 
same profession in another country - 
despite apparent external similarities 
- and therefore, should have its own 
system of testing. 
Second, the use of the RNAO 
Testing Service as a nucleus for a 
national testing service will ensure 
uniformity of registration requirements 
throughout the country. This could 
lead to the adoption of a minimum 
passing score, based on a national 
mean, by all provincial nurse 
registration bodies, thereby making 
reciprocal registration in Canada 
possible. 
Third, the establishment of a CNA 
testing service for nurse registration 
guarantees a permanence that no 
outside organization can offer. With 
our own service, worries about changes 
in the terms of a contract or in 
cancellation of the contract are 
non-existent. Also, a Canadian testing 
service will allow greater flexibility 
and encourage originality; content and 
procedure can be revised as necessary 
to keep apace of changes in nursing 
in this country. 
Four, in developing this national 
testing service, CNA will profit from 
RNAO's considerable experience with 
nurse and nursing assistant 
examinations in both the English and 
French languages. Moreover, the staff 
of the RNAO Testing Service, persons 
who are well-prepared and competent 
in nursing education and psychometric 
testing, are willing to organize and 
direct the testing system of a national 
basis. 
Many problems of negotiation 
remain to be solved. But the most 
important decision - to develop a 
Canadian testing examination service, 
using the RNAO Testing Service as a 
nucleus - has been made, and made 
wisely. - V.A.L. 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 3 



letters 


{ 


Letters to the editor are welcome. 
Only signed letters will be considered for publication 
Name will be withheld at the writer's request. 


A criticism and an answer 
Dear Editor: 
I read with interest the news item "RNAO 
Express Concern About Recruitment" (June 
1967.) 
In 1965, membership of the Registered 
Nurses' Association of Ontario was about 
23,000. In less than two years it apparently 
has dropped to approximately 13,000. an 
average drop of 5,000 per annum. This 
trend is bound to continue. It is deplorable, 
but even more disturbing is the RNAO of- 
ficials' attitude that they alone know what 
is good for the association. 
The fact that less than one-quarter of 
Ontario's 50,000 registered nurses are mem- 
bers of their professional association should 
have warned them that something is funda- 
mentally wrong with the association. What 
does the RNAO do? 
The recent raise in membership fee from 
$25 to $35 has contributed to this faIl in 
membership. Now, RNAO can think of no 
other way to attract members than by com- 
pulsion through legislation. If this dangerous 
move should become de facto, the patients 
are the ones who will suffer most, for it 
is certain that many nurses would rather 
quit the profession than join an association 
that does not meet the needs of the average 
nurse. - Mr. R. Tisic, Toronto, Ontario. 


The editors asked Mr. Albert Wedgery, Pres- 
ident of the Registered Nurses' Association 
of Ontario, to respond to Mr. Tisic's letter. 


Dear Editor: 
It is a sound maxim that no professional 
organization is ever 100 percent right in 
what it does. Those who are charged with 
guiding the affairs of organized nursing 
are not surprised when a course of action 
meets some disapproval. Significantly, the 
loudest outcry usually comes from persons 
who keep up a continual stream of criticism 
regardless of what is done on behalf of 
nurses. If this time and emotion spent so 
negatively were devoted to improving the 
system we have, what could we not accom- 
plish for betterment of nursing? 
Mr. Tisic is disturbed by what he claims 
is "the RNAO of if cia Is' attitude that they 
alone know what is good for the Associa- 
tion." It is flattering indeed to be credited 
with such omniscience. However, the policies 
of the Association are established by the 
Board of Directors (on which every Chapter 
is represented) not by the officers or the em- 
ployees. The raise in membership fees and 
the direction to approach the government 
4 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


regarding compulsory membership were au- 
thori7ed by voting delegates after these is- 
sues had been debated by members at an- 
nual meetings of the Association. Arbitrary 
decisions are, therefore, not the prerogative 
of those who "head" the organization. 
Mr. Tisic claims that compulsory mem- 
bership would be a dangerous innovation. 
Present members, somewhat embittered that 
non-members continue to enjoy the fruits of 
RNAO action, would like all working nurses 
to share the burden of providing Association 
services that advance the socio-economic 
position and professional security of every 
nurse practitioner. 
Mr. Tisic offers no evidence to support 
his contention that the RNAO "does not 
meet the needs of the average nurse." With- 
in the present structure of the Association 
the "average" nurse can become an equal 
and integral participant in the organization. 
When will nurses learn how to use their 
professional organization to promote their 
own welfare and development? 
Mr. Tisic brings no credits to himself 
by his Open expression of disloyalty to 
nurses who are committed to improving the 
place of nursing in our society. - Albert 
W. Wedgery, President, Registered Nurses' 
Association of Ontario. 


Concerned about CNF 
Dear Editor: 
There are 121,000 registered nurses in 
Canada, only 922 of whom are members of 
the Canadian Nurses' Foundation, estab- 
lished six years ago. This is a sad com- 
mentary on Canadian nurses' interest in 
furthering the education of Canadian Nur- 
ses' Association members. 
To the 120.000 nurses who are not 
CNF members, may I say: you teach your 
patients the value of self-help; how about 
applying self-help to the area of advanced 
nursing education? If you send your annual 
two dollar membership fee to the Cana- 
dian Nurses' Foundation, 50 The Drive- 
way, Ottawa, it wiIl increase its budget by 
$240,000, and make 120,000 Canadian nur- 
ses feel like responsible professional peo- 
ple. - Ruth M. Morrison, Vancouver, 
British Columbia. 


York Regional School 
Dear Editor: 
I was delighted with the editorial in 
the August issue of The Canadian Nurse. 
My only adverse comment would be that 
it did not speak out strongly enough. 


I also read with interest the news item 
about the regional schools in Ontario. But 
why no mention of York Regional? 
We accepted our first class in September 
with 61 students. We have temporary school 
facilities in the unfinished North York Gen- 
eral Hospital and residence facilities in the 
nurse's residence of Sunnybrook Hospital. 
We have been able to break out of the 
single discipline concept of regional schools 
to the extent that our students will be 
taking all non-nursing subjects, including 
psychology, sociology, literature and phil- 
osophy, at Seneca CoIlege of Applied Arts 
and Technology. We have hired a non- 
nurse biologist to teach an integrated 
science course in the biological and physi- 
cal sciences. This was done in preference 
to teaching that subject at Seneca because 
we saw an avenue of inservice education, 
with the nursing teachers being used as 
demonstrators in the biology classes. 
Our hope is that in due course we will 
become part of the CoIlege of Applied 
Arts and Technology. - Donna M. WeIls 
Dean, York Regional School of Nursing 
Toronto, Ontario. 


Error 
Dear Editor: 
I would like to point out an error on 
page 11 of the September issue of THE 
CANADIAN NURSE concerning the item: "Con- 
tract for Hamilton nurses provides highest 
public health minimum salary in Province" 
(News). 
The Hamilton Health Association is a 
private organization that operates the Ched. 
oke General and Children's hospital, and 
three others. It has a nurses' association 
which applied for certification under the 
Labor Relations Board. 
The public health nurses are employee 
by the City of Hamilton, not the Hamiltor 
Health Assocation. - Maurice W. Lond 
WesthaIl Chapter, Registered Nurses' As 
sociation of Ontario, Hamilton, Ontario. 


Wish to share experience 
Dear Editor: 
Our experience might be profitable t< 
other nurses as weIl as to nursing students 
Being three French-Canadian nurses wh< 
wished to improve our English. we decide< 
to work in a hospital of 175 beds on tht 
Pacific coast in California. 
Our arrival at the hospital was in 
teresting, if not amusing. Our limited voc 
abulary caused many hilarious situations 


NOVEMBER 196: 



However, after several months of employ- 
ment, we realized our error: we had been 
hired as nurses, not accepted as foreign- 
language students in the faculty of arts. 
Essential to the practice of nursing is 
a comprehension of the immediate situ- 
ation, a rapid execution of duties, and 
communication with the patient and the 
doctor. How could we help the doctor in 
an emergency if he had to repeat the 
name of a medication or treatment two or 
three times? How could we communicate 
with the patient and the doctor if we 
could only utter half a word a minute? 
I How could we meet essential needs if 
we were continually confused and worried? 
We asked ourselves what our attitude 
would be to nurses who came to a French- 
Canadian hospital to learn our language 
and customs. Would we consider them as 
intelligent. resourceful young women or 
as irresponsible nurses? 
Our experience demonstrated to us that 
nursing is an art that will not permit 
day-dreaming; and that it is better to 
serve our profession than to be served by 
it. - Susane Couture, So. LagLlana, Cal- 
ifornia. 


Requests articles on curriculum 
Dear Editor: 
I am a CUSO (Canadian University Ser- 
vice Overseas) volunteer who is helping to 
prepare instructors and supervisors of prac- 
tical nursing. Since we lack library facilities, 
it is very difficult to keep abreast of the 
trends in nursing and the techniques of 
teaching. 
THE CANADIAN NURSE helps me feel that 
I am still on the Canadian nursing scene, 
but much of the information is specific to 
Canada and does not pertain to nursing 
situations in general. I would like to see 
more articles on curriculum development 
and techniques of instruction. The article 
"Programmed Instruction - Can We Use 
It?" (July, 1967) was of great interest. - 
Sally A. Thomas, Bogota, Columbia, South 
America. 


An "R.N. Dispenser" 
Dear Editor: 
Many thanks for your gift subscription 
to THE CANADIAN NURSE, which I find 
stimulating and informative. I was espe- 
cially interested in the letter that dis- 
cussed the dispensing of medications. 
Being an "R.N. Dispenser," I find it dif- 
ficult to reconcile the fact that nurses, 
in addition to their many other technical 
duties, are expected to act as pharmacists. 
I believe that the dispensing of medica- 
tions should be the responsibility of hos- 
pital pharmaceutical committees, where it 
rightly belongs. - Gus Roscoe, Toronto, 
Ontario. 0 
NOVEMBER 1%7 


Know 1\ ; a 

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nurse who isn't on our list? 


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Christmas Gift Subscription 
to 
The Canadian Nurse 


The Canadian Nurse has an international 
reputation as a reliable source of informa- 
tion and ideas for nurses in every branch 
of the profession. It makes an exciting gift 
for students, for classmates who have tem- 
porarily retired, and for nursing friends 
overseas. 


A handsome gift card, handsigned with your name, will be sent announcing your gift 
Orders must b. received by November 30 to ensure arrival o' card in time for Chri.tmas 


1;; Please check (r' lone 
N
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I wish to send a gift 
""".ESS subscription for : 
aft Canada : 
CITY ZONE PROVINCE 
I year . 4.50 0 
SENDER S NAME 2 years - 8.00 0 
Foreign : 
SUBSCRIPTION SENDfR S ADDRESS I year - 5.00 0 
2 years - 9.00 0 
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 5 



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expectorant 
antihistamine 
local anesthetic 
+ 
decongestant 
(
ASO-ÇONSTRICTOR) 


Full information is available on request 


-R U I e n c "."" 


8S80 ESPLANADE, MONTREAL 11 


NOVEMBER 1967 



news 


CNA To Prepare Brief 
On Labor Relations 
Ottawa. - The Canadian Nurses' Asso- 
ciation Board of Directors has authorized 
the preparation of a Brief to the Task 
Force on Labour Relations, which is col- 
lecting information on indu
trial relations. 
issues. or problems for submission to Pri- 
vy Council. The Brief was authorized at 
the September meeting of the Board. 
The Prime Minister, in a memorandum, 
chJ.rged the Task Force "to examine indus- 
trial relations in Canada and make recom- 
mendations to the Government with res- 
pect to public policy and labour legislation 
and on such other matters as it considers 
relevant to the public interest in industrial 
relations." The Task Force is asking for 
written submissions as one means of ana- 
lysis. 
The Task Force approached the CNA 
and other groups to ensure that wide at- 
tention is given the opportunity for com- 
ment on major labor relations problems. 
The Brief will be prepared by CNA na- 
tional office staff and be submitted to the 
executive committee of the Board for final 
approval before being sent to the Task 
Force bv December 3 I, 1967. 
Chairmen of the provinces' Social and 
Economic Welfare Committees will be ask- 
ed to submit comments for inclusion in 
the Brief. It also will incorporate the be- 
liefs and philosophies on labor relations of 
the International Council of Nurses, the 
Canadian Nurses' Association and the pro- 
vincial nurses' associations. 


CNA To Undertake 
Examination Service 
Ottawa. - "II is moved and seconded 
that the Canadian Nurses' Association 
proceed to develop a Canadian testing ex- 
amination service, utilizing the Registered 
Nurses' Association of Ontario examina- 
tions as a nucleus. and that CNA nego- 
tiate with the RNAO in establishing these 
services." 
The above motion was passed unani- 
mously by the Board of Directors at their 
biannual meeting at CNA House Septem- 
ber 26-29. With these words. the Canadian 
Nurses' Association will undertake to pro- 
vide national registration examinations. 
which would be used by the provincial li- 
censing boards when the National League 
for Nursing examinations are no longer 
available after June 1969. 
The Board adopted the motion following 
a presentation on available services in Ca- 
nada and the United States and a discus- 
sion regarding personnel and facilities. 
NOVEMBER 1967 


New Formula For CNA Fees Submitted by ANPQ 
Ottawa. - A new formula regarding payment of individual fees from 
the provincial associations to the Canadian Nurses' Association was made by 
the Association of Nurses of the Province of Quebec to the CNA Board of 
Directors at the September meeting in Ottawa. The new formula proposes that 
all provincial associations be charged the fee of $10.00 per individual member 
for the first 10,000 members and a fee of $5.00 per member for the remain- 
ing members. If approved, this change would require an amendment to the 
CNA Bylaws at the forthcoming biennial meeting in Saskatoon next July. 
The proposed formula Was submitted to larger provinces from the CNA. She stated 
CNA in line with a resolution passed at a "As the membership of a few provinces 
previous CNA Board meeting in Septem- exceeds by a considerable number that of 
ber, 1966. This resolution asked that each the other provinces. an adjustable fee with 
province provide the CNA with a formula a limit, as suggested in the recommenda- 
respecting the payment of the $10.00 per tion. would seem to be a more equitable 
individual fee that had been sanctioned at method of collecting dues since this would 
the 1966 CNA biennial meeting. prevent a situation where a few provinces 
When the CNA fee for each individual could be making the major contribution to 
member had been raised from $6.00 to CNA revenue." 
$10.00 at the biennial meeting. several She added that 
ome services are divided 
provinces had reported that they would be on a basis whereby all provinces benefited 
unable to meet the new fee unless they equally in spite of the differences in mem- 
had an opportunity to raise the member- bership. . 
ship fee in their own province; the motion 0 I Q b ( n 700 ) 0 .. 18 "00) 
was worded to allow these provinces to n y. . ue ec --'. . nt.mo ( ,
 , 
b . f h h . h f f h and Bnllsh Columbia (10.500) would be 
egm payment 0 t e 19 er ee a ter t ey 
. .. affected by the proposed new formula, 
had arranged their provincial budget com- b d I I 966 f . 
mitments. ase on tota Igures. 
Nine provincial associations now pay II is anticipated that the change would 
the $10.00 fee per individual member to cut CNA's anticipated hudget for 1968 by 
CNA; the ANPQ is presently paying the over $100,000. 
fee of $6.00 per individual member. The CNA Board of Directors asked that 
In speaking to the motion. Miss Helen the formula be studied by CNA legal ad- 
Reimer, secretary-registrar for the ANPQ, visors and by n.ltional office staff to exam- 
said that her association considered the ine implication
 for the work of the asso- 
new formula fair in relation to the amount ciation. A report is to be made at the next 
of services that could be attained by the Board meeting in March, ] 96R. 


Mildred E. Katzell, Director, National 
League for Nursing Evaluation Service, 
described available facilities and acted as 
consultant to the Board during the discus- 
sion. 
The new testing service eventually will 
offer. in both languages, registration ex- 
aminations in the five nursing subjects: 
medical. surgical, obstetric. pediatric. and 
psychiatric nursing. 
For the past 20 years. provinces of Ca- 
nada have used State Board Test Pool Ex- 
aminations. provided by the National Lea- 
gue for Nursing. for the testing of stu- 
dents for licensure as professional nurses. 
In June 1966, the American Nurses' Asso- 
ciation recommended that the National 
League for Nursing discontinue the use of 
the examinations in jurisdictions outside the 
United States, and the Canadian provinces 
were notified that examinatior.s would not 
be available to them after June 1969. 


The Registered Nurses' Association of 
Ontario Testing Service developed its own 
system of examinations in 1964, after 
three years of preparation. II has since 
supplied licensing examinations for both 
Ontario and New Brunswick. The other 
eight provinces use the National League 
service. 
The RNAO has agreed to the transfer of 
its existing testing service, provided that 
such a transfer protects the present staff 
engaged in test development, and provided 
that the test for nursing assistants be con- 
tinued. 
The RN AO testing service at present 
supplies only four examinations; a psychia- 
tric examination cannot be readied for the 
1969 deadline. The CNA Board will inves- 
tigate other possible alternatives to be used 
until the proposed CNA Testing Service 
can provide such an examination. The exe- 
cutive committee will make recommenda- 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 7 



news 


tions concerning the provISIons for the psy- 
chiatric test at the next Board meeting in 
March. 
The executive committee is also charged 
with responsibilities for arranging for the 
transfer of testing facilities from RNAO 
to CNA. As considerable time is required 
to prepare a series of tests for the 10 pro- 
vinces, the committee has been requested 
to begin as soon as possible, and to pro- 
vide a progress report to the next Board 
meeting. Dr. Katzell has been asked to 
continue consultant services. 


Conference Examines 
Educational Problems 
Ottawa. - Nursing educational consult- 
ants from nine provincial associations met 
with national office staff at CNA House in 
mid-September. 
The meeting, similar to one held last 
year, provided an opportunity for education- 
al leaders to exchange information, and in- 
terpret policies and goals of national office 
and provincial associations. It allows the 
provinces to identify problems common to 
all and to determine ways in which these 
problems may be solved; to suggest long or 
short-term plans on mutual concerns at the 
provincial and national levels; and to ensure 
coordination of effort within the scope of the 
federal nature of the health legislation. 
The conference was sponsored by the Ca- 
nadian Nurses' Association and chaired by 
Margaret Steed, CNA consultant, nursing 
education. 
Guest speakers at the conference were 
N.A. Sisco, director of the Applied Arts and 
Technology Branch, Ontario Department of 
Education, and Ruth Johnson, associate in 
nursing education, State Education Depart- 
ment, Albany, New York. 
One day of the three-day conference was 
held at the Department of National Health 
and Welfare building. This permitted a joint 


J 


Canadian Nurses Work With WHO 


, 

 


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....... 


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Geneva, Switzerland. - Canadians now comprise the largest national group of 
nurses in the World Health Organization, according to a recent report of Miss 
Lyle Creelman, Chief Nurse of the international organization. Miss Jeannette 
Sylvain, on the right in the photograph above, is one of the 45 Canadian 
nurses currently serving with the international group. From Quebec City, Miss 
Sylvain has been with WHO since September 1963 and is presently working 
in a Maternal and Child Health project in Abidjan, Cote-d'lvoire as a public 
health nursing consultant. She is shown here with a group of nursing students. 
Five of the 11 regional supervisors are Canadians, as is Miss Creelman, her- 
self. Since WHO was formed in 1948, more than 104 Canadian nurses have 
served with the organization. 


conference with nurse consultants from the 
provincial Health Insurance Commissions 
and nurses from the national departments. 
It was the first time that such a joint meet- 
ing was held. 


Interest Sessions Planned 
For CNA General Meeting 
Ottawa. - Interest sessions, business 
meetings, well-known speakers, and a host 
of social activities are being planned for the 
Canadian Nurses' Association's 34th General 
Meetinl! in Saskatoon. Saskatchewan, Julv 


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The first joint conference of consultants from provincial nursing associations 
and from Health Insurance Commissions was held in Ottawa in mid-September. 
8 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


1968, according to the report of the pro- 
gram committee, presented at the CNA 
Board of Directors' meeting in September. 
The theme of the General Meeting will be 
related to the Association's Diamond (60th) 
Anniversary. Highlighting the five-day pro- 
gram will be a series of "interest sessions" 
on at least four topics of general interest, 
one of which will be presented in the 
French language. 
The Minister of Health. Allan J. Mac- 
Eachen. one of the guest speakers, will dis- 
cuss Medicare and its implications for the 
health professions. 
The Saskatchewan Registered Nurses' As- 
sociation has set up a convention planning 
committee, chaired by Mrs. Shirley Newis, 
to coordinate activities at the General Meet- 
ing. The President of SRNA, Mrs. Agnes 
Gunn, reported that plans are being made 
for delegates to see points of interest around 
Saskatoon, and that a government-sponsored 
banquet may be part of the festivities. 


New CNA Publication Is Guide 
For University Nursing Programs 
Ottawa. - The Canadian Nurses' Asso- 
ciation has just released a new publication 
entitled Guideline for the Development of 
Programs in Unh'ersities Leading to a Bac- 
calaureale Degree in Nursing. The pamphlet 
contains, in both English and French, a pos- 
sible sequence of events in the establishment 
(Conlinued on paRe /0) 
NOVEMBER 1967 



llin spite of today's apparent explosion 
in their awareness of sex, 
young people are not well informed." 


A recent study indicated that even 
among college girls enrolled in health 
education classes knowledge of menstru- 
al facts was neither thorough nor accu- 
rate. One reason, perhaps, for the lack 
of accuracy was the fact that only 8% of 
these girls obtained their information 
about menstruation from doctors, nurses 
or teachers. 
Thi
 small percentage probably 
learned about menstruation because 
they asked. Many young girls, however, never ask for 
information-because they feel menstruation is not a 
subject for discussion outside their homes (And 
sometimes very little information is available within 
their homes.) Even the doctor is not likely to be con- 
sulted unless the girl is concerned about a possible 
abnormality. 
One solution to this problem is to make information 
on menstruation available to all young girls-whether 


" 



 


" 


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TAM PAX 

 


SANITARY PROTECTION WORN INTERNALLY 
MADE ONLY BY CANADIAN T.
MP.
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BARRIE, ONT. 


NOVEMBER 1967 


or not they specifically ask for it. Thus, 
girls in health and physical education 
classes, girls visiting school nurses, girls 
at summer camp, girls consulting their 
./ doctors-all should be provided with in- 
formation on the normal changes that 
are a part of growing up. 
To assist you in explaining menstru- 
ation to these girls we offer you (without 
charge) laminated plastic charts drawn 
by Dr. R. L. Dickinson, showing schemat- 
ic illustrations of the organs of the female reproduc- 
tive system. For the young girl we provide two free 
booklets answering her questions about menstruation. 
Send for them today. Professional samples of Tampax 
menstrual tampons will also be included. 


) 


- 


t 


...., 


1. Israel, S. Leon: Obst. & Gynec 26:920, 1965. 2. Larsen. 
Virginia L.: J. Am M. Women's A. 20:557, 1965 


Canadian Tampax Corporation Limited. 
P.O. Box 627. Barrie. ant. 
Please send free a set of Dickinson charts, copies of the two booklets, 
a postcard for easy reordering and samples of Tampax tampons. 


Name 


Address 


CN.I 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 9 



news 


(Colltillued from page 8) 
of an integrated nursing program at a uni- 
versity, leading to a baccalaureate degree. 
The guidelines outline the responsibilities 
of the planning committee. necessary qualifi- 
cations of the faculty. the curriculum. and 
policies and procedures relating to students. 
The pamphlet is intended to be a general 
guide. "Within the existing framework of 
the university. each nursing unit has the 
right and responsibility to develop an indi- 


vidual program adapted to the specific si- 
tuation of the university," the foreword 
points out. 
The publication is a companion to Guid- 
illg Prillciple.
 for the Dn'elopmellt of Pro- 
grams ill Educatiollal /mtitll1iOllS leadillg to 
a Diploma ill Nursillg, published in 1966. 


Board of Directors 
Approves Building Guide 
Ottawa. - At the September meeting of 
the Board of Directors of the Canadian 
Nurses' Association. the members approved 
a draft copy of Guidelilles for the COIIStruC- 
tioll of Educatiollal Facilities for Nursing 
Programs. The work was carried out by an 


ONE-STEP PREP 


FLEET ENEMA' 
single dose 
disposable unit 
FLEET ENEMA's fast prep time obsoletes soap and 
water procedures. The enema does not require warm- 
ing. It can be used at room temperature. It avoids the 
ordeal of injecting large quantities of fluid into the 
bowel, and the possibility of water intoxication. 
The patient should preferably be lying on the left side 
with the knees flexed, or in the knee-chest position. 
Once the protective cap has been removed, and the 
prelubricated anatomically correct rectal tube gel/tly 
inserted, simple manual pressure on the container 
does the rest! Care should be taken to ensure that 
the contents of the bowel are completely expelled. Left 
......:6
 colon catharsis is normally achieved in two to five 
minutes, with little or no mucosal irritation, pain or 
spasm. If a patient is dehydrated or debilitated, 
hypertonic solutions such as FLEET ENEMA, must 
be administered with caution. Repeated use at short 
intervals is to be avoided. Do not administer to children 
under six months of age unless directed by a physician. 
And afterwards, no scrubbing, no sterilisation, no 
preparation for re-use. The complete FLEET ENEMA 
unit is simply discarded! 
Every special plastic "squeeze-bottle" contains 4Y2 
fl. oz. of precisely formulated solution, so that the 
adult dose of 4 fl. oz. can be easily expelled. A patented 
diaphragm prevents leakage and reverse flow, as well 
as ensuring a comfortable rate of administration. 
Each 100 cc. of FLEET ENEMA confains: 
Sodium biphosphate. . . '. .... 16 gm. 
Sodium phosphote . . . . . . . . . .. 6 gm. 
For our brochure: "The Enema: Indications and Techniques". 
containing full information, write to: Professional Service 
Deportment, Charles E. Frosst & Co., P.O. Box 247, 
Montreal 3, P.O. 


with 


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Registered trade lTIorll:'. 


10 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



 
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 QUALITY PHARMACEUTICALS 
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ad hoc committee of the Board under the 
chairmanship of Miss E.A. Electa Mac- 
Lennan. 
The committee was appointed in February 
1965 to draw up minimum standards for 
physical facilities for nur
ing education. 
The "Guidelines" are in accordance with 
principles of education espoused by CNA. 
The plan therefore provides guides for a 
diploma nursing program conducted within 
an educational institution in the general sys- 
tem of education at the po
t-secondary level 
and for the baccalaureate degree program 
conducted as an integral part of a college 
or university. This type of plan. which 
would make the most effective and efficient 
use of all types of teaching facilities, was 
recommended by architecturdl consultants 
from the Health Facilities Division of the 
Department of National Health and Wel- 
fare. 
The final copy is intended as a working 
document to aid nurses who might act as 
advisors on building committees. It recom- 
mends basic steps that would guide the nurse 
to describe the functional program and to 
help define needs in architectural design. 
Basic requirements and space guide values 
for teaching, faculty, administrative, and 
supportive care areas are given. 
The published document should be ready 
sometime in the new year. 


The Canadian Nurse Award 
To Be Discontinued 
Ottawa. - The Canadian Nurse Award, 
formerly offered to first-year student nurses 
who received the highest standing in theory 
and practice in their class. is to be discon- 
tinued December 3 I. 1967. The Board of 
Directors of the Canadian Nurses' Associa- 
tion recommended the termination of the 
Award at its September meeting. 
The award, consisting of a two-year sub- 
scription to THE CANADIAN NURSE originally 
was intended as a means of acquainting stu- 
dent nurses with the Association's official 
publication early in their training. As in- 
creasing numbers of schools of nursing have 
subscribed to the magazine. the usefulness 
of the A ward has diminished. In addition. 
with more than 170 Canadian schools of 
nursing now in operation. administrative dif- 
ficulties have compounded. 


Halton County Off Greylist 
Toronto. - The Registered Nurses' Asso- 
ciation of Ontario and the Nurses' Associa- 
tion Halton County Health Unit have an- 
nounced that Halton County Health Unit is 
no longer grey listed. 
A collective agreement has been signed. 
effective from October I. 1967 to December 
31. 1968. The contract follows d year in 
which the Registered Nurses' Association of 
Ontario greylisted the southern Ontario 
county; during this time no nurse applied for 
a position within the health unit. 
Salaries for public health nlJr
es are now 
(C olllilllled Oil page /2) 
NOVEMBER 1967 



When did Niagara 
come into the picture? 


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A holiday bill. A clothing bill. A car repair 
bill. They all seemed to come at once. Jane 
needed money in a hurry. 
Answer: A Niagara Loan. Jane talked it over 
with the manager of the nearest Niagara 
Office. Besides getting the money, she got a 
lot of good advice on budgeting. With a 
Niagara Loan, Jane was able to pay all her 
bills at one time. And repay the loan on easy 
terms to suit her budget. 
When you need extra money for any good 
reason, you can expect the same courteous, 
quick service at anyone of 300 Niagara offices. 


NIAGARA FINANCE 
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Member of the 8Group of Companies 
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NOVEMBER 1967 THE CANADIAN NURSE 11 



news 


(Colltillued from page 10) 
$5,350 to $6.550 per year with four annual 
increments of $300 retroactive to February 
I, 1967; and salaries for registered nurses 
are $4,800 to $5,800 per year with four an- 
nual increments of $250 retroactive to Feb- 
ruary I, 1967. 
On January I, 1968, the public health 
salary range will be increased to $5,617.50 - 
$6,817.50, with quarterly increments of 
$300; and the registered nurses' range will 
be increased to $5.040 - $6,040 per year, 
with quarterly increments of $250. 
For newly employed nurses, vacations will 
be three weeks after one year of service and 
four weeks after seven years' service. Pre- 
sent employees will continue to receive four 
weeks' vacation after one year of service. 
There is no change in car allowance - 
$45.00 per month plus 5(' per mile. 
Automatic check-off of Association dues 
is provided for future employees; individual- 
ly authorized check-off is provided for pre- 
sent employees. 
Uniforms are provided at the Health 
Unit's expense. 


St. John Ambulance Course 
Requires Nurse Volunteers 
Ottawa.-"Every family in Canada with at 
least one person trained in home nursing." 
This is the objective of SI. John Ambu- 
lance and it is a goal that has the support 
of everyone familiar with today's patient 
care needs. With hospital beds and prepared 
nurses in such short supply, it is an obvious 
solution to a pressing problem. 
However, like many good ideas, it is 
easier said than done. SI. John Ambulance 
promotes a Home Nursing course, but a 
shortage of registered nurses to teach the 
course has caused classes to be cancelled in 
some areas. 
Some of the nurses who teach the course 
are, of course, members of the SI. John Am- 
bulance Association, but the majority are 
not, as it would be impossible to provide 
instruction in hundreds of different commu- 
nities across Canada without the coopera- 
tion of nurses who have no SI. John affi- 
liation. 
This cooperation has been excellent and 
Miss Margaret M. Hunter, Chief Nursing 
Officer of SI. John Ambulance, pays tribute 
to the many registered nurses who, in 1966, 
taught 500 SI. John classes and gave 10,000 
hours of voluntary service to the St. John 
Home Nursing program. 
"But we need even more help from nurses 
if we are to get our program into high 
gear," says Miss Hunter. "I am sure that if 
nurses know how great a contribution they 
can make by undertaking to teach a St. John 
Home Nursing class, we will have many 
more volunteers from registered nurses." 


12 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Miss Hunter points out that SI. John has 
purposely set a high standard in its course 
and this is why it insists on registered nurses 
for instructors. 
A new text has been prepared for the 
course. Patiell1 Care ill the Home. was writ- 
ten by two of Canada's best known nursing 
authorities, Christine Livingstone, formerly 
director-in-chief of the Victorian Order of 
Nurses, and Pearl Stiver, formerly executive 
secretary of the Canadian Nurses' Associa- 
tion. An easy-to-read. information-packed 
supplement to the course, it covers every- 
thing from preparing an ice pack to deliver- 
ing a baby. 
The St. John course teaches the essentials 
of keeping the family healthy, and how to 
assist the visiting nurse or doctor when ill- 
ness strikes. Topics covered include basic 
nursing routine; care of the patient, includ- 
ing bathing, back care, posture, and so on; 
how to recognize the early signs of illness; 
how to prevent the spread of infection; the 
care of the convalescent, chronically ill, and 
elderly; and describes simple treatments that 
can be carried out in the home. 
St. John Ambulance advertises the classes, 
provides a classroom and all the necessary 
supplies including a teaching outline and text- 
book, and cooperates with the volunteer nurse 
for the duration of the course. A two-hour 
class once a week for eight weeks is usual. 
Miss Hunter does not minimize the re- 
sponsibility a nurse assumes when she vo- 


" 


Junteers to teach a class. "But most nurses 
have found it a rewarding experience," she 
says. "For one thing. it is a special service 
that only nurses can give - a special need 
only they can fill." 
Sometimes two nurses prefer to share one 
class. which usually consists of 15 to 20 stu- 
dents. Many of the students are teenagers 
and young women and the COurse provides 
them with an opportunity to get a taste of 
nursing and find out if they might wish to 
make it a career. 
In promoting home nursing. SI. John Am- 
bulance is in tune with the time. The Royal 
Commission on Health Service emphasized 
the need for families to assume responsibili- 
ty for caring for themselves, under medical 
supervision, in all but cases of serious ill- 
ness. The Emergency Health Services also 
state that in case of disaster one person in 
every home proficient in home nursing will 
be an absolute necessity. 
In 1966 more than 7.000 women and 
girls took the SI. John Ambulance Home 
Nursing course and another 1,200 lOok a 
course in Child Care. 
If more registered nurses volunteered to 
instruct a class, this record could be doubled 
or trebled easily in the current season. 
Nurses who would like to help SI. John 
carry out this worth-while program should 
get in touch with their local SI. John Am- 
bulance branch. 


(Colltillued 011 paKe 14) 


- 
- 
- 


-' 


-- 


- - 



 


-, 
_t 
. 
_t 


* 


- 


/- 


St John Ambulance is looking for volunteer nurses, such as in the photograph 
above, to teach Home Nursing Courses in many communities across Canada. 
NOVEMBER 1967 



Opiates, radiation therapy, 
oral contraceptives, motion, 
ver · go, anesthesia and 
ant · otics... 


'- 


... 


, 


\ 


I 


there are so many reasons to remember 
Gravol 


Gravol (dimenhydrinate) available as: Gravol Tablets. 50 mg.; Gravol Capsules, 25 mg., for immediate 
release, 50 mg., in sustained release form; Gravol Suppositories, 100 mg.; Gravol Paediatric Sup- 
positories, 50 mg.; Gravol liquid. 45 mg., per tablespoonful; Gravol Ampoules (5 ee.) 10 mg. per ee.; 
Gravol Vial (30 ee.) 10 mg. per ee.; Gravol i/m (5 ee.) 50 mg. per ee. Full information available on request. 


FRANK W. HORNER LIMITED. MONTREAL, CANADA 


NOVEMBER 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 13 



news 


(Continued from paRe 12) 


Manitoba Hospital Commission 
To Finance Nurse Refresher 
Courses 
WimlipeR. - Sister Beatrice Wambele, 
newly appointed nursing consultant for the 
Manitoba Association of Registered Nurses. 
reported that the Manitoba Hospital Com- 


mIssIon has offered to bear the costs of re- 
fresher courses to help attract non-working 
nurses back to the bedside. 
Speaking to a conference of provincial 
and national educational consultants in Ot- 
tawa in mid-September, Sister Beatrice told 
the group that the Hospital Commission has 
expressed considerable concern over the 
nursing shortage in the province. "They had 
already sponsored a $50.000 program for 
recrUitment of nurses from Great Britain. 
and are prepared to help finance nurses who 
are willing to emigrate to Canada." she said. 
"We asked them if they would be prepared 


NEW from 
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Now you can get perfect newborn foot- 
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Hollister's all-new Disposable Foot- 
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rigid sides make it easy to hold, and 
the new shallow cavity gives you just 
the right amount of Ready-Rolled R- 
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mother-baby prints. 


Write for free samples, using your 
hospital or professional letterhead. 
ON""'O I HOLLISTER 


14 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


HOLLISTER LIMITED. 160 BAY STREET' TORONTO 1 


to spend some of the money on a program 
designed to bring back nurses who were al- 
ready in the province - and likely to re- 
main there; they were most interested." 


Saskatchewan Public Health 
Says: tl Smile! You're On the 
Fluoride Program" 
Regina. - This year more Saskatchewan 
children will benefit from the application of 
topical fluoride to prevent dental decay. The 
Saskatchewan Department of Public Health 
has extended its preventive dental program 
from four to 30 communities as part of its 
epidemiological statistical studies. 
Under the program, all children's dental 
conditions are thoroughly assessed in ac- 
cordance with the Canadian Dental Associa- 
tion index. Those with serious dental prob- 
lems have a record made of their prenatal 
and childhood histories and of their dietary 
habits; blood tests, urinalysis, and swab tests 
are made and special diets recommended for 
these children. All children involved in the 
program receive applications of acidulated 
phosphate fluoride to help prevent new cav- 
ities. 
Private dentists and physicians are cooper- 
ating with the Dental Division of the De- 
partment of Public Health in the program. 


Hospital Association Urges 
"Go Metric" 
Torollto. - Hospitals throughout Ontario 
have been urged by their provincial associa- 
tion to make the switch to metric measure- 
ment "as soon as feasible." And, as further 
encouragement, the Ontario Hospital Asso- 
ciation has sent every hospital administrator 
in the province a specially prepared kit sug- 
gesting how to do it. 
The OHA believes that the advantages of 
the metric system make its eventual adop- 
tion throughout Canada a "logical certain- 
ty." The introduction to the Metric COllver- 
sion Kit for Hospitals cites many reasons 
why it believes hospitals should lead the way 
to metric. These include: the need for special 
precision in all measurements related to pa- 
tient care; the comparative simplicity of me- 
tric calculations and reduced risk of error; 
the already widespread use of metric in the 
health sciences field; and the fact that the 
metric system will be essential to future 
computer applications in hospitals. 
The decisions by the OHA Board of Di- 
rectors to throw its weight behind the me- 
tric movement was taken on the recommen- 
dation of its Committee on Professional Re- 
lations, headed by Dr. Hugo Ewart of the 
Hamilton Health Association. Dr. Ewart, a 
former president of the Ontario Medical As- 
sociation, said that he foresees little real dif- 
ficulty for any hospital that decides to make 
the changeover. "For one thing," he said. 
"all doctors become thoroughly familiar with 
the metric system and its advantages in med- 
ical school. The same is true of most para- 
medical staff, especially those in hospital 
laboratories and pharmacies. 
NOVEMBER 1967 



news 


"The Hospital for Sick Children in Toron- 
to amI the Hamilton Civic Hospitals have 
already switched over completely to metric 
me.lsurement and other ho
pitals in the Ha- 
milton ared are preparing to do so shortly," 
Dr. Ewart said. 
The 47-page booklet that introduces the 
metric plan outlines organi2:dtional princi- 
ples, areas to be converted, equipment, 
forms, orientation, and publicity necessary 
to implement the plan. and supplies such 
additional aids as conversion tables, sample 
memos, and sample publicity materials. A 
brief summary of the conversion program 
at the Hospital for Sick Children is given. 


Nurses Represented at 
Association Of Canadian Medical 
Colleges Meeting 
Ollawa. - The Canadian Nurses' Asso- 
ciation and the Canadian Conference of 
University Schools of Nursing were repre- 
sented at the 25th annual meeting of the 
Association of Canadian Medical Colleges. 
Mrs. Lois Graham-Cumming, director, Re- 
search and Advisory Services, CNA. and Dr. 
Margaret Hart, president of the CCUSN. 
were invited to be observers of the October 
3-5 meeting in the Skyline Hotel, Ottawa. 
In the opening addres
. Dr. G.M. Brown, 
chairman of the Medic.II Research Council, 
related the findings of the MRC survey of 
medical research in Canada. He said that ;m 
"unhealthy disparity" exi
ts among research 
programs in Canadian medical schools. The 
two largest medical schools in Canada. Tor- 
onto and McGill. do about 10 times as 
much research as the four smallest. Saskat- 
chewan, Ottawa, Dalhousie. and Laval, he 
asserted. 
Other topics considered at the conference 
were how to expand the supply of Canadian 
medical graduates and the preparation of 
the medical student for his role in p.ltient 
care. 


More Nursing Schools in Britain 
To Welcome Male Students 
LOlldoll, Ellglalld. - According to an 
item in Nursillg Times, Guy's Hospital in 
London will admit a small number of male 
student nurses next year. At present the only 
'London teaching hospital to admit men to 
new cla"es b SI. George's Ho
pitaI. 
The move to accept male students. in spite 
of long waiting lists of suitable female ap- 
plicants, is suggested because men tend to 
stay in the profession longer than women. 
because there is greater acceptance of the 
idea that nursing is not solely a female pro- 
fession and male nurses are needed, and be- 
cause proportions in the birth rate are 
changing. says the article. 
(ColltilluC'd 011 page 16) 


NOVEMBER 1967 


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THE CANADIAN NURSE 1S 



a show of hands... 



 



 


nroves its smoothness 


NEW FORMULA ALCOJEL, with 
added lubricant and emollient, will 
not dry out the patient's skin - 
or yours! 
ALCOJEL is the economical, modern, 
jelly form of rubbing alcohol. When 
applied to the skin, its slow flow 
ensures that it will not run off, drip 
or evaporate. You have ample time 
to control and spread it. 
ALCOJEL cools by evaporation. 
cleans, disinfects and firms the skin. 
Your patients will enjoy the 
invigorating effect of a body rub with 
Alcojel . . . the topical tonic. 


r f . COOlin 
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Send for a free sample 
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Barclay Ave.. Toronto 18, Ontario 


16 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


news 


(Continued from page 15) 


Live Sabin Polio Vaccine 
Replaces Salk in BC 
Victoria. - Since August 1, 1967, the 
free distribution in British Columbia of Sa- 
bin live oral vaccine for the prevention of 
paralytic poliomyelitis has completely re- 
placed that of Salk vaccine. 
The Sabin live oral vaccine, introduced 
in 1962, has been shown in studies in the 
United States and Canada to produce a 
higher and more lasting level of antibodies 
than Salk vaccine, which uses killed polio 
virus. 
Salk vaccine had been used in British Co- 
lumbia since 1955. 


Symposium on Sex Education 
For Educators and Counselors 
Toronto. - Physicians and nurses can 
play an important role in family life educa- 
tion through teacher training, through pre- 
sentation of workshops, and through long- 
range planning for sex education programs, 
Dr. C. Bruce Hatfield, Calgary Internist, 
told the Symposium on Family Life Educa- 
tion meeting here. The one-day meeting, 
held September 23, was sponsored by Ortho 
Pharmaceutical (Canada) Ltd. 
Doctors, nurses, lawyers, ministers, social 
workers, and teachers should work together 
to plan sex education programs, he said. A 
well-prepared program may help people - 
teenagers and adults alike - to consider 
sexual relationship as an important expres- 
sion of emotion. 
Dr. Hatfield told the audience that only 
recently has the physician begun to realize 
that marital conflict and maladjustment play 
an extremely important role in the ailments 
of the office patient. 
"Ideally," he said, "physicians and nurses 
should receive training in family living as 
part of undergraduate education." Doctors 
and nurses have a responsibility to encour- 
age curriculum changes and adequate in- 
struction in human sexuality at graduate and 
postgraduate levels, he advised. 
Other speakers also stressed the total 
community approach, through home, church, 
medical profession, and school. Some 3000 
educators, doctors. nurses. clergymen. and 
social workers attended the symposium. 
"Filling station homes," where families ar- 
rive only for meals and parents are too busy 
to communicate, frequently lead to the 
children having babies out of wedlock, Sis- 
ter Cabrini told the symposium. The home, 
with its unique ability to make children feel 
wanted, and to initiate a continuous educa- 
tion toward responsibility in marriage, is a 
crucial factor in family life education, she 
said. 


(Continued on page 18) 
NOVEMBER 1967 



REPROCESSING GLOVES? USING DISPOSABLES? -- 


- . 


WASH 


-= 
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DRY 


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POWDER 


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.", 


150 Gloves per hour 
with ONLY One Operator 


WITH THIS NEW AMSCO ROTARY SYSTEM 
GLOVE REPROCESSING IS NOW 
PRACTICAL IN YOUR HOSPITAL 


Ask your AMSCO MAN 
or write for Brochure MC-546 


[I A
N
D
O 


BETTER TO START WITH... 
BEST TO STAY WITH! 



news 


(Continued from pa
e 16) 
Sister Cabrini, director of the Pineview 
Maternity Home, in Edmonton, said that in 
the past two years increasing numbers of 
teenage fathers, as well as teenage mothers. 
have been seeking counseling advice. 
There has been a great deal of talk about 
sex in recent years, but there has been no 
great change in sexual behavior over the 
years, Dr. Mary S. Calderone, executive di- 
rector, Sex Information and Education 
Council of the United States, told the group. 
Attitudes toward sex have been changing 
and "social science observers theorize that 
as of now we are at the moment of change," 
she said. "Behavior is about to conform to 
the changed attitudes." 
We have no choice about providing child- 
ren with sex education, she claimed, because 
they are getting it already "from numberless 
sources around them." 
"Our choice cannot be shall we or shan't 
we b
t - what kind? how? when? where? 
and particularly, to what goals?" 
Dr. Calderone urged: increased research 
into human sexual behavior; sharing of the 
implications of this research among as many 
elements of society as possible; encourage- 
ment of discussion of sexuality and sexual 


MOVING? 


MARRIED? 


behavior in the same composed and object- 
ive fashion as other human phenomena; in- 
creased awareness of mechanisms of child 
development and help from society for 
children needing sexual adjustment; univers- 
al recognition of the complexities of the re- 
lations between the sexes; understanding that 
the sexual revolution is taking place along 
with many forms of social change - racial, 
socioeconomic, and others - and that the 
relationships of sex need careful considera- 
tion by religions; gaining cooperation of 
young people in society's efforts to deal with 
the entire problem. 


BC Alters Policies 
On National Health Grants 
VanCOIH'er. - The British Columbia pro- 
vincial government has modified its policies 
in relation to National Health Grant Bursa- 
ries at the request of the Registered Nurses' 
Association of RC., Nan Kennedy, director 
of education services, RNABC, told other 
provincial nursing educators at a meeting in 
Ottawa in September. The service commit- 
ment has been altered and the RNABC was 
given permission to sponsor applicants. 
The change in policy was supported by the 
Council of Hospitals with School of Nursing. 
The length of the service commitment was 
shortened. Two years of service with the 
sponsoring agency is required for a one-year 
bursary; after that only one year of service 
for each additional year of financial sup- 


port. The previous commitment was three 
years of service for each year of support and 
this meant that the nurse could be tied to an 
organization for several years. Consequently, 
in the past, available funds have not been 
fully utilized for professional education be- 
cause of a lack of suitable applicants. It is ex- 
pected that more candidates will apply now. 
Because the RNABC can now sponsor 
candidates, the sponsored nurse
 are not re- 
qUIred to return to a specific agency, but 
can go anywhere in the province. This is an 
advantage both to the candidate and to the 
province, Miss Kennedy believes. "It pre- 
vents a nurse from having 10 remain in a 
position for which she now may be over- 
prepared, and it also prevents the urban 
dredS, which are more likely to be in a posi- 
tion to sponsor candidates, from tying up 
all the applicants," she said. 
Four RNABC-sponsored nurses were 
granted bursaries for the 1967-1968 year, she 
reported. One is studying for a doctoral degree 
in education, one for a master's degree in 
education, and two for their RSc.N. degrees. 


New Electronic System 
Aims To Decrease Hospital Costs 
Wilmette. Illinois. - A new electronic 
system for hospitals has been developed by 
Dukane Corporation. The system. called 
"Servo-Communications," is designed to con- 
serve time of hospital personnel, and there- 
(Continued on pa
e 20) 


n 

 


WISH AN ADJUSTMENT? 


All correspondence to THE CANADIAN NURSE 
should be accompanied by our most recent 
address label or imprint. (Attach in space pro- 
vided at right.) 


---------------1 
I 
I ATTACH CURRENT LABEL or IMPRINT HERE I 
to be assured of I 
I accurate, fast service I 
1______--------- 


ARE YOU 
o Receiving duplicate copies? 
o Actively registered with more than one pro- 
vincial nurses' association? 


permonent reg. no. 


permonent reg. no. 


PRINT NEW NAME and or ADDRESS BELOW 
Miss/ Mrs. 
Sister/Mr. 


provinciol ossociotion 


provinciol ossociation 


city 


o 


Transferring registration from one provincial 
nurses' association to another? 


FROM: 


provinciol oss'n. 


TO: 


nome (pleose prinf) 


street oddress 


zone 


province 


PLEASE ALLOW SIX WEEKS FOR PROCESSING 
YOUR CHANGE 
The Canadian Nurse cannot guarantee back copies 
unless change or interruption in delivery is reported 
within six weeks! 


permonent reg. no. 


ADDRESS ALL INQUIRIES TO: 
The Canadian Nurse, Circulation Dept. 
50 The Driveway 
Ottawa 4, Canada 


provincial oss'n. permonent reg. no. 


OTHER ADJUSTMENT REQUESTED: 


18 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


NOVEMBER 1967 




eiñiãssa e' 
oki" "fr""'"" and 00dy _... 
 
c:;ø LAKESIDE LABORATORIES (CANADA) LTD. 

 64 Colgate Avenue. Toronto e, Ontario 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 19 



 


your 
Own 
hands: 


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soft testilnony to your patients' cOlnfort 


Your own hands are testimony to Dermassage's effectiveness. Applied by your 
soft, practiced hands, Dermassage alleviates your patient's minor skin irritations 
and discomfort. It adds a welcome, soothing touch to tender, sheet-burned 
skin; relieves dryness , itching and cracking. . . aids in preventing decubitus 
ulcers, In short, Dermassage is "the topical tranquilizer". . , it relaxes the patient 
. , . helps make his hospital stay more pleasant. 
You will like Dermassage for other reasons, too. A body rub with it saves your time 
and energy, Massage is gentle, smooth and fast. You needn't follow-up with 
talcum and there is no greasiness to clean away, It won't stain or soil linens or 
bed-clothes, You can easily make friends with Dermassage-send for a sample! 


Now available in new, 16 ounce plastic container with convenient flip-top closure. 




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NOVEMBER 1967 


,. 



 
.... 


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llittt .f..... 

 &0.1)' "....... 


'-:",,..w. ............ 



news 


(Continued from page /8) 


by contribute to optimum care for patients. 
"Servo-Communications" combines all 
major hospital communication and time con- 
trol systems serving patients. doctors, nurses, 
administrators. and departments into a con- 
solidated system, which incorporates all wir- 
ing in a single installation with just one 
major conduit. 
The new system is designed to increase 
the number of effective man-hours of most 


employees, and thereby reduce the spiraling 
costs of patient care. According to the Du- 
kane corporation, manufacturers of the new 
system. salaries now represent approximately 
65 percent of the total operating cost of 
health care facilities, and the number of 
hospital employees per patient is approxi- 
mately 2.5 to I. 
The electronic concept encompasses va- 
rious types of nurse-call equipment; several 
specialized intercoms; public address facili- 
ties; private automatic telephone networks; 
room, corridor. and area light signalling sys- 
tems; and synchronized clocks. 
A manually-operated register system indi- 
cates the presence of a hospital staff mem- 


TO 


PLAN 


LIFETIME 


FOR A 


'\. 
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Marriage i. a rMpon.ibility that often re- 
quire. both .piritual and m.dical a..i.tanc. 
from prof...ional peopl.. In many in.tanc.. 
a nurse may b. called upon for m.dical 
coun..1 for the n.wly marri.d young wo- 
man, mother. or a mature woman. 


"To Plan For A Lif.tim., Plan With Your Doc- 
tor" i. a pamphl.t that was wri".n to a..ist 
in preparing a woman for pati.nt'phy.ician 
di.cu..ion of family planning m.thod.. Th. 
booklet .tr..... the importanc. to the indi. 
vidual of sel.cting the m.thod that mo.t 
.uits h.r religiou., m.dical, and p.ychological 
n..d.. 



 


"- 



 


\ 


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Nurse. are invit.d to u.. the coupon below 
to ord.r copi.. for use a. an aid in coun- 
..lIing. They will be .uppli.d by M.ad John- 
.on Laboratori.. a. a free ..."ice. 


Moa!Jjd ÌJiWJil 


LABOR AT OR I ES 


'l<..eseorcl/ /ár Li/è 


I ORDER FORM 
I 
I PI.a.. ..nd 
I Nam. 
I Addr... 
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copi.. of "To Plan For A Lifetim., Plan With You. I 
Doctor" to: 
I 
I 
I 
I 


To: Mead John.on Laboratori.., 
95 St. Clair Avenu. We.t, 
Toronto 7, Ontario. 


20 rHE CANADIAN NURSE 


her on an illuminated name plate by a 
steady light, and a waiting message by a 
flashing light. 
To speed up admissions and reduce statis- 
tical work, visual status indicator panels in 
admissions and housekeeping offices reveal 
whether each room or bed is "occupied," 
"unoccupied," or "available." 
Other electronic functions include pillow 
speaker units, each with a nurse can button, 
TV, radio and room light controls; central 
telephone dictation; elapsed time indicators; 
multi-channel radio, TV signal distribution 


l r .. ""1' J I -.- 

 "11- 
I" II 1 
I'! - 
I 


.... 
Nurse operates one component of the Servo- 
Communications network - a nurse-call 
system expandable to /00 station capacity. 


and receivers, and educational closed cir- 
cuit and video tape accommodations. 
New fathers are catered to by a foot 
switch of a special intercom in the nursery 
that can broadcast the new baby's voice to 
the visitors gallery. 


Parkinson's Disease 
Association Grows 
Toronto. - New social groups of pa- 
tients afflicted with Parkinson's Disease re- 
cently have been formed in Montreal. Van- 
couver and Winnipeg. The groups are affi- 
liated with the Canadian Parkinson's Disease 
Association - Association Canadienne du 
Parkinson. 
Marcel Latouche. president of the new 
Montreal group, told the first meeting that 
the voluntary association was formed to 
aid some 5000 Quebec sufferers, of whom 
3000 live in the Montreal region. 
The national associatiQn was incorporated 
under the Federal Corporations Act in April 
1965. It is the result of a merger of two 
Toronto groups that were interested in pa- 
tients suffering from the chronic nervous 
disease. 
According to Charles S.M. Mortimer, 
chairman of the Association, the basic ob- 
jectives of the group are to assist in the 
formation of social groups of Parkinson's 
patients in communities across Canada; to 
assist in the provision of supplementary 
technical services and facilities to members 
of the medical profession as required by 
local circumstances; and, over the longer 
term and when funds are available on a 
continuing basis. to assist in the financing of 
basic research. 0 
NOVEMBER 1967 



Today's teenagers: 
the emotional ravages 
of acne may now be a 
thing of the past 


, 


---..... 

. 


The tragedy of acne touches all of us, either 
personally or through friends. Acne is the 
curse of growing up, the heritage of puber- 
ty, an extra cross to bear through years of 
emotional change and insecurity. Every 
year it scars thousands of adolescents, many 
of them for life. 
Some learn to live with acne blemishes. 
Some don't, because acne can affect psy- 
chological development, too. It can choke 
confidence, cause embarrassment and self- 
consciousness. 
Teachers know that the popular and out- 
going student, the one who has interests 
outside of class, is a better student and will 
probably earn better marks. But the acne 
sufferers tend to avoid dates. They are 
reluctant to "show their faces". The result 
is a loss of confidence. 
Now this may all be changed. Recent 


NOVEMBER 1967 


research has developed a chemical com- 
bination that works effectively in clearing 
acne-ridden skin. Clinical studies indicate 
that about eight out of every ten acne cases 
can be either completely cleared or sub- 
stantially improved. For a long time, this 
compound was available only in the clinics 
where the research was taking place. But 
now it is commercially available, although 
it can be used only under a doctor's direc- 
tion and is obtainable only under pre- 
scription. 
The point is simple and obvious. Now acne 
sufferers need not "grow out of" acne. If 
you have acne, see your doctor. If you 
know someone who has acne, tell him to 
see his doctor. Now there is effective 
treatment. 


-published as a public service by FraDk W. 
Horner Limited. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 21 



names 


The New Brunswick Association of Re- 
gistered Nurses has awarded a $3000 bur- 
sary to Anne D. Thorne of Saint John, New 
Brunswick. 
Miss Thorne, a graduate of the Saint 
John General Hospital School of Nursing, 
holds a B.Sc.N. from McGill University. 
She is a past president of the NBARN, and 
is presently associate director of nursing 
education at the Saint John General Hos- 
pital 
Miss Thorne will attend Teachers Col- 
lege, Columbia University, New York, for 
a master's degree in nursing education. 


Kathleen S. Willett 
has joined the faculty 
of the University of 
Saskatchewan School 
of Nursing as lectu- 
rer. 
A graduate of the 
Ottawa Civic Hospi- 
tal, Mrs. Willett ob- 
tained a diploma in 
administration of hospital nursing service 
from the University of Saskatchewan. She 
received a bachelor of nursing degree from 
McGill University this year. 
After working as a general duty nurse at 
St. Eugene Hospital, Cranbrook, British 
Columbia, she became nursing services su- 
pervisor at Victoria Union Hospital in 
Prince Albert, Saskatchewan. Before at- 
teñding McGill, she was consultant for the 
North Central Regional Hospital Council in 
Prince Albert. 


,.. ç 


, 


.. 
. 


Helen M. Gemeroy 
has been appointed 
psychiatric nursing 
consultant with the 
World Health Organ- 
ization at the Institute 
of Neurology and Psy- 
chology, University of 
Taiwan. This will be 
her second visit to the 
Orient. In September, 1966, she spent twelve 
weeks touring Japan, Taiwan, Thailand, 
Malaysia, Singapore, India, and Ceylon, 
sponsored by the educational fellowship of 
the WHO. 
For the past seven years she has been 
assistant director of nursing, Allan Memorial 
Institute, Royal Victoria Hospital, Mont- 
real, and since 1964 has been associate pro- 
fessor at the School for Graduate Nurses, 
McGill University. 
Mrs. Gemeroy has contributed greatly to 
the improvement of the care of the men- 
tally ill and to the promotion of mental 
22 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


hygiene. In 1943, while assistant supervisor 
of nursing at The Allan Memorial Institute, 
she designed and taught the first psychiatric 
nursing program for students of the Royal 
Victoria School of Nursing. 
From 1948 to 1954 she was employed as 
a social worker in the guidance clinic ser- 
vice of the Division of Mental Health for 
the Alberta Provincial Government. She 
has conducted workshops in mental health 
and psychiatric nursing in Alberta, Saskat- 
chewan, and Quebec. She also has served 
on the executive of the Canadian Confer- 
ence of University Schools of Nursing; as 
a member of the Scientific Planning Com- 
mittee, Canadian Mental Health Associa- 
tion; and as a member of the working party 
on building standards for mental health 
facilities, Hospital Design Division, De- 
partment of National Health and Welfare. 
Her present interest in the East was 
sparked by the increasing numbers of 
Oriental students participating in the gra- 
duate nursing program at McGill Univer- 
sity. She found that many students who have 
received a western education are discourag- 
ed at the slow rate of change in their na- 
tive countries. 
According to the MOil/real Star, Mrs. 
Gemeroy's objective at the University of 
Taiwan will be "to assess the mental health 
and psychiatric nursing programs there and 
determine whether further assistance is 
needed from WHO." Her future plans in- 
clude "developing nursing and community 
health services - that is in strengthening 
the link between hospital services and ser- 
vices offered within the community by or- 
ganizations like the VON." 


Rahno M. Beamish 
recently retired from 
the position of direc- 
tor of nursing at the 
Kitchener - Waterloo 
General Hospital. 
Miss Beamish grad- 
uated from Toronto 
Western Hospital in 
1919, and took post- 
graduate studies at McGill University, 
Montreal, and at the College of Hospital 
Administrators in Chicago, Illinois. Her 
wide and varied nursing experience includ- 
ed six months of public health nursing, two 
years private duty nursing, four years teach- 
ing and four years supervision. At Toron- 
to Western Hospital, she was assistant su- 
perintendent of nurses for 10 years. She 
then spent three years as superintendent of 
Owen Sound Hospital, 10 years as super- 
intendent of the Sarnia General Hospital 
and the past 12 years as the director of 



 


- 

 ... 


" 


nursing at the Kitchener-Waterloo Hospital. 
Miss Beamish's genuine interest, ability 
and leadership in nursing have contributed 
greatly to the profession and its related or- 
ganizations. She has served as president of 
the Toronto Western Hospital Alumnae; 
chairman of the Nurse Education Section, 
R.N.A.O.; chairman of District No.5, 
R.N.A.O.; chairman of a committee to study 
standards of nursing procedures, and presi- 
dent of the Registered Nurses' Association 
of Ontario. 
From 1932 to 1956, Miss Beamish was 
on the Board of Directors of the Ontario 
Hospital Association, and in 1950-51 was 
on the Board of Directors of the Canadian 
Nurses' Association. She was a member of 
the Ontario Health Survey Committee from 
1948 to 1949. As a representative of the 
R.N.A.O., she was appointed to the Advi- 
sory Board, Faculty of Nursing, University 
of Western Ontario in 1952, and in 1953 
to the board of the East Windsor Hospital. 
While in Sarnia she was a member of 
the Advisory Committee of the Victorian 
Order of Nurses, the Cerebral Palsy So- 
ciety, and the Cancer Society Educational 
Program. In 1952 she became the first pre- 
sident of the Sarnia Zonta International 
Club, a position she held until 1954. 
In 1954-1955, Miss Beamish conducted a 
pilot survey on rehabilitation in the three 
counties in Ontario. In 1965, she received 
a fellowship in the Royal Society of 
Health. She was named "Woman of the 
Year, for outstanding service in the com- 
munity," twice during her career. 
Prior to her retirement, the Board of Di- 
rectors of the Kitchener-Waterloo Hospital 
set aside "Rahno Beamish Day" in her 
honor, at which time many distinguished 
guests and friends from all over the prov- 
ince gathered to express their high esteem 
for this dedicated nurse. 


Christene Miller, a 
high school nurse in 
Knowlton, Quebec, re- 
cently was awarded 
"" the Fellowship of the 
American School 
Health Association. 
Included among the 
qualifications for this 
honor are academic 
and professional degrees and special effi- 
ciency in school health work. 
Miss Miller is a graduate of the Sher- 
brooke Hospital. She spent two years in 
private nursing before moving to the Mont- 
real Neurological Institute where she re- 
ceived a certificate in neurology and neuro- 
surgery from McGill University. At 
NOVEMBER 1967 



Shaughnessy Military Hospital she speÓal- 
ized in the treatment of tuberculosis and 
lung cancer. 
In 1948. she returned to the Eastern 
Townships to become nurse for 13 schools 
in Brome County, and from 1950 to 1960, 
held a similar position in Shefford County. 


Sister Margaret 
Mooney recently was 
appointed assistant 
professor and acting 
director of Queen's 
University School of 
Nursing, Kingston, 
Ontario. 
A graduate of the 
Hotel Dieu Hospital 
School of Nursing in Cornwall. she received 
a B.Sc.N. Ed. degree from the University of 
Ottawa in 1949. In 1963 St. Louis Uni- 
versity granted her a M.N.Sc. degree in 
guidance and counseling, and she is pres- 
ently working toward a M.Ed. degree at 
the University of Ottawa. 
Sister Mooney was director of nursing 
at Hotel Dieu Hospital in Cornwall for 
four years and at the Hotel Dieu Hospital 
in Kingston for six years. She became as- 
sistant director of the University of Otta- 
wa School of Nursing in 1964, and in 1965 
moved to Kingston to become assistant 
professor at Queen's University. 
She assumed her present position in Sep- 
tember I. 1967. 


Joan C. Macdonald 
has been appointed di- 
rector of the College 
of Nurses of Ontario. 
effective in June 1968 
when Miss Jean Watt, 
the present director, 
retires. 
A graduate of the 
School of Nursing. 
Toronto Western Hospital. Miss Macdonald 
I earned a Bachelor of Nursing degree from 
McGill University, Montreal. She is present- 
ly studying for a Master of Arts degree in 
Educational Administration at the Universi- 
ty of Toronto. 
The education of nurses has been Miss 
Macdonald's chief interest. She has taught in 
several schools of nursing, including the 
Nightingale School in Toronto, and lectured 
at the McGill University School for Gra- 
duate Nurses. She recently conducted, for 
the College of Nurses. a series of institutes 
for nurses to be employed as teaching assist- 
ants in Ontario schools of nursing. 
For some years, Miss Macdonald was 
chairman of the Committee on Nursing 
Education of the Registered Nurses' Asso- 
ciation of Ontario. She has also been a rep- 
resentative of the RNAO on the Council of 
the College of Nurses and a member of the 
Educational Advisory Committee of the Col- 
k
. 0 
NOVEMBER 1967 


"\ 


t 


,.... 


;... , 


by TI(J\'(SI:I
 
THE SUPPORT STOCKING WOMEN RELY 
ON FOR COMFORT WITH A FASHION LOOK 


Supp-hose has steadily gained the loyalty of 
many Canadian women who buy it again and 
again because it provides the two factors 
wanted most in a 
upport stocking: firm, two- 
way support that's attractively appropriate 
for street and dress wear. Recommend Supp- 
hose for a fashionable solution to mild vari- 


'Can, Pat. 570201 q'.M. Reg. 


cosities and leg fatigue among women who 
spend many hours daily on their feet: house- 
wives, nurses, teachers. waitresses, salesclerks 
and hairdressers, Your patients will doubly 
appreciate all-nylon Supp-hose Regular for 
its long-lasting wear and economy. 


Supp-hosè t Stockings 
bY'i'KAYSER 
fine product' of c'll Kayser-Rolh of Canada 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 23 



new products 


{ 


Descriptions are based on information 
supplied by the manufacturer and are 
provided only as a service to readers. 


Head Halter 
(F. LONGDON CO.) 
Description - A head halter made of 
white nylon lined with flannelette designed 
to comfortably position the head of a pa- 
tient sitting upright in a chair. Straps ex- 
tending upward from a contoured chin 
strap can be adjusted to fit snugly over 
the head and are held in place by Velcro 
tape. Tie tapes fastened to either side of 
the halter hold the head in place by their 
attachment to the portion of the chair 
behind the patient's head. 
Although the method of attachment will 
vary with the type of chair used, there 
should always be a straight pulI to give 
the support needed to keep the head up- 
right. 
It may be purchased from: F. Longdon 
Co. (Canada) Ltd., 624 King Street West, 
Toronto 28, Ontario. 


I 
I 

 


Robitussin-PE 
(ROBINS) 
Description - Each 5 cc. teaspoontul of 
Robitussin contains 100 mg. glyceryl guaia- 
24 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


colate and 10 mg. phenylephrine hydro- 
chloride. It is indicated for the temporary 
relief of nasal congestion and cough of the 
common cold, paranasal sinusitis, or other 
upper respiratory illnesses in which these 
symptoms occur. 
For further information write to A.H. 
Robins Company of Canada, Ltd. 5950 
Cote de Liesse, Montreal 9. Quebec. 


Aeroplast Dressing 
(PARKE-DAVIS) 
Description - A sterile spray-on plastic 
bandage or protective surgical dressing that 
forms a tough, flexible, transparent, and 
vapor-permeable protective film. 
Indications Used over surgical 
wounds to prevent contamination and ex- 
ternal friction. Prevents excoriation around 
ileostomies, colostomies. and fistulas. When 
applying the dressing for this purpose, a 
piece of cotton or gauze should be placed 
over the stoma or fistula before spraying 
Aeroplast Dressing over the adjacent skin 
area. It helps in the prevention and treat- 
ment of pressure sores by protecting against 
friction. It has been used extensively for 
fastening of skin grafts, occlusion of severe 
bums, protection of openly reduced frac- 
tures, friction. prevention under skin-tight 
casts, prevention of tape irritation, and 
avoidance of urine irritation after episio- 
tomy. 
For further information contact Parke, 
Davis & Company, Ltd., 5910 Côte de 
Liesse, Montreal 9, Quebec. 


Kleen Air 
(POSEY) 
Description - An odorless, nontoxic 
deodorizer that stops odors arising from 
tobacco smoke, bed pans, bed wetting, and 
similar sickroom conditions. Kleen Air is 
effective 24 hours per day, for an entire 
year. To use, just remove cap and place 
container in any convenient location in the 
area to be deodorized. It has no wick or 
perfume spray action, but works automat- 
icalIy when uncapped. 
Inquiries regarding this item or the 10- 
day trial period should be directed to your 
local equipment dealer, or to the J.T. Posey 
Company, 39 S. Santa Anita Avenue, Pasa- 
dena. California 91107. 


Endocervical Aspirator 
(HOlLISTER) 
Description - A pre-sterilized single- 
use individually packaged endocervical as- 
pirator that colIects exfoliative endocervical 
celIs from the adult female for cytologic 


examination. Used as a supplement to the 
Papanicolaou Smear, this instrument enables 
earlier diagnosis of cervical and uterine 
cancer by colIecting fresh, whole endocervi- 
cal celIs by a combination of suction and 
mechanical action. 
Procedure - The doctor inserts the as- 
pirator into the vagina through a vaginal 
speculum and the tip is positioned beyond 
the external cervical os. The obtruder is 
gently extended into the uterus and gathers 
a mucous specimen with minimal discom- 
fort to the patient. 
Contraindications - Endocervical aspir- 
ations should not be carried out during 
known or suspected pregnancy. 
Additional information and samples may 
be obtained by writing, on professional 
letterhead, to HolIister Incorporated, 211 
East Chicago Ave., Chicago, Illinois, 60611. 


cB 



 


Rheumanosticon 
(ORGANON) 
Description - A simple, rapid slide test 
using fingertip blood for the identification 
of the rheumatoid factor, present in most 
cases of rheumatoid arthritis. AIl equipment 
required to perform a quick test on whole 
blood or serum is included in the Rheu- 
manosticon kit. 
Rheumanosticon employs an agglutination 
procedure using polystyrene latex particles 
coated with a layer of adsorbed human 
gamma globulin. The rheumatoid factor 
present in blood or serum reacts with the 
coating material causing a visible agglu- 
tination of the inert latex particles. This 
test may be carried out in the ward or 
in the laboratory. 
For further information write to: Diag- 
nostic Products, Organon Inc., West Orange, 
New Jersey. 


Innovar 
(McNEIL) 
Description - Innovar injection is best 
described as an adjunct to inhalation (gen- 
eral) anesthesia or as a component of 
"balanced anesthesia." Results are obtained 
through the individual actions of its 
two components: Sublimaze (fentanyl) and 
NOVEMBER 1967 



I new products 


In.lpsine (droperidol). It produces an effect 
characterized by psychic detachment or 
dissociation and profound analgesia lasting 
well into the postoperative period. When 
used as an adjunct. Innovar contributes 
significantly to the intensification of at 
least two of the four basic requirements 
for ideal surgical anesthesia. It reduces 
neurophysiologic reflex activity. by virtue 
of the adrenergic-blocking action of drop- 
eridol. and provides intense analgesia, the 
primary pharmaco-dynamic effect of fen- 
tanyl. 
Indications - For use as an adjunct to 
nitrous oxide-oxygen anesthetic techniques 
in major and minor surgery. Because of 
its stabilizing effects on the cardiovascular 
system. the adjunctive use of Innovar is 
of particular use in geriatric. debilitated. 
and poor-risk patients. and good-risk pa- 
tients undergoing protracted surgery. 
Precautions - Care is recommended in 
using Innovar on patients with moderate 
to severe liver or renal impairment. intra- 
'cranial space-occupymg lesions, bronchial 
asthma. and respiratory or metabolic aci- 
dosis It is not recommended for pregnant 


women. Respiratory depression is the most 
common side effect; muscular rigidity, 
laryngospasm. bronchospasm. reduced pul- 
monary compliance. and/or apnea also may 
occur. Unusual sensitivity to Inapine or 
Sublimaze are the only contra indications. 
Such reactions have not been reported to 
date. 
For further information, contact: McNeil 
Laboratories (Canada) Limited. Don Mills, 
Ontario. 


Triaminic Expectorant 
(ANCA) 
Description - A combined decongestant 
(triaminic) and expectorant (glyceryl guaia- 
colate) for relief of nasal congestion and 
cough-provoking postnasal drip. It helps res- 
tore free breathing. soothes irritated respi- 
ratory mucosa. and liquifie
 and loosens 
tenacious sputum. 
Indications - For temporary relief of 
coughs and nasal congestion due to the 
common cold. 
Dosage - Adults: 2 teaspoonfuls every 
four hours. Children six to twelve years: I 
teaspoonful every four hours. Do not ex- 
ceed four do
es in 24 hours. 
Precautions - Drowsiness. blurred vision, 
cardiac palpitations. flushing, dizziness, ner- 


vousness or g,lstrointestinal upset may occur 
occasionally. Patient should be advised not 
to drive a car or operate dangerous machin- 
ery if he feels drowsy. U
e with caution 
in patients with hypertension. heart disease. 
diabetes, or thyrotoxicosis. For further in- 
formation. write: Anca Laboratories, 1377 
Lawrence Ave.. E.. Toronto. Ontario. 


Literature Available 
A four-page brochure on AEL Phono- 
catheters for cardiac and urological diag- 
nosis is offered by Americ.ln Electronic 
Laboratories. Inc. This booklet has been 
written to f.lmili:Jrize medical personnel with 
the characteristics and applications of these 
phonocatheters that employ a barium titan- 
ate cartridge as a sound-pickup in the cath- 
eter tip. 
In addition to specifications of their 
three models. charactenstics are given on 
AEL's Preamplifier that has been transis- 
torized 10 give optimum results with the 
audio section of the AEL Catheters. Micro- 
phonics, commonly .I
sociated with high 
input impedance tube amplifiers are elimi- 
nated through its use. 
This brochure is available by writing to 
American Electronic Laboratories, Inc., 
Biomedical Division. P.O. Box 552. Lands- 
dale, Pennsylvania 19446. U.S.A. 0 


... 



 
r 


:\ 


i( 


special products 
for patient care 


A.R.D.<!!> 
Unique butterfly-shaped anorectal 
dressing stays comfortably in 
place without tape. Sterile. highly 
absorbent, lint free. Supplied 
In boxes of 24_ 


\ 
, 
)1/ 
 
., 
JP 

 '
 


CHASE 
HOSPITAL 
DOLLS 
For demonstrating and practicing the 
newest nursing techniques . lavage and 
gavage . tracheotomy and colostomy, 
and their post-operation care . nasal 
and otic irrigations . catheterization and 
all abdominal irrigations . subcutane- 
ous, intramuscular and intradermal injec- 
tions . and all standard nursing procedures. 
let us tell you about the new features we 
have added to this world-famous teaching 
aid. Write to 
M. J. CHASE Co. Inc. 
Pawtucket 



C_ 

- -, 
SCOPETTESQ!) 
Proctol09ic and gynecol09ic 
swabs with tiPS of pure. lon9 fiber 
rayon. Free of troublesome lint 
and wisps. Uniform cushion-end 
safeguards tissues. Tips secured 
with non-toxic vegetable 9lue. 
8" and 16" len9ths. Cases of 500. 
vJ WI
O
;

f:ORRIS 
\ MONTREAL 
r.. tfadem.,Þ,s 0' Fuller P".,mac8u1Ica' Compllny 


156 Broadway 
Rhode Island 


"NOVEMBER 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 25 


.. 


FULLER@ SHIELD 
Protective dressln9 holds other 
dressings in place and prevents 
staining of Imens aller pilonidal. 
proctol091c or perineal surgery. 
Adjustable sizes 24-48. 
Individually packaged. 


2795 BATES ROAD 


('0. 
r.T/). 
CANADA 



Work loads are increasing. Cost of Jiving is going up. Attrition rates are rising. 
Recruitment is down and salaries are low. What are Canadian nurses doing 
about ill 


.... 


. . 
.$ . 
. . . . 
. ,. . 
. . 


,. ... þ þ 
UpS . .
 . . 
. . . 
and downs . . 
þ . . 
. 
of þ 
. 
 . 
. 
economic . IÞ . 
. 
progress Glenna Rowsell 


Things do not get better by being 
left alone. Unless they are adjusted 
they explode with a 'Shattering detona- 
tion. - Winston Churchill. 


Churchill's words aptly apply to 
the social and economic history of 
nurses in C:'_nada. In past years, 
nurses have accepted, without overt 
opposition. salaries and working con- 
ditions that have ignored their quali- 
fications, experience, and responsibil- 
ities. 
Nurses have come through several 
decades where it was believed unpro- 
fessional to talk about or bargain for 
money; because of this they have 
slipped down the economic ladder, 
while other professional and occupa- 
tional groups have climbed. 
Suddenly there has been "a shatter- 
ing detonation." Headlines from coast 
to coast report such items as "CNA 
Supports Nurses' Rights to Bargain." 
"Nurses Get Pay Hike Under First 
Contract," "Nurses' Dispute Not Solv- 
ed," "Nurses Threaten to Resign," 


Miss Rowsell is Nursing Consultant. Social 
and Economic Welfare. Canadian Nurses' 
Association, Ottawa. Canada. 


26 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


and "Battling Nurses Air Views." 
These are but a few of the reports 
from papers across the country. 


Overview 
What does it '111 mean? What has 
happened during the past two to three 
years to create this change? 
It appears that no one situation 
is the cause; the controversy has bcen 
simmering for a long time. Nurses 
have watched the considerable salary 
gains made by workers in industry 
and in other professions; they have 
found it increasingly difficult to live 
on salaries that have never been ad- 
justed to meet the high cost of living 
in an affluent socicty; and they have 
grown discontent with the increased 
workload and poor working condi- 
tions in hospitals and their effect on 
patient care. Also. nurses have begun 
to realize that as a profession they 
are responsible for the future of that 
profession. and that low economic 
status can be a determining factor in 
the recruitment of young people in a 
very competitive society. Low salaries 
and poor working conditions also de- 
ter qualified nurses from remaining in 


NOVEMBER 1967 



nursing practice as they had planned. 
Across the nation, nurses' salaries 
are still considerably lower than those 
of teachers and other professional 
groups who have similar post-high 
school education and experience. 


Concern of provincial associations 
In the past, nurses' associations in 
each province assumed responsibil- 
ity for social and economic welfare 
of members. They published recom- 
mended personnel policies yearly and 
distributed them to employers of nurs- 
es and to nurses themselves. The 
main objective was to provide nurses 
with employment standards that 
could be used to support negotiations 
for better working conditions. 
These policies brought about little 
change in the employment situation. 
Too frequently they were regarded 
merely as suggestions by employers, 
and ignored. The realization that 
other methods had to be used if 
change were to be effected brought 
about a revolution in the approaches 
to employment relations. 
Now, two provincial registered 
nurses' associations have become rec- 
ognized as official bargaining agents 
under the provincial Labour Rela- 
tions Acts. One other provincial as- 
sociation has initiated a voluntary 
negotiation plan whereby the associa- 
tion employs a personnel consultant 
who advises and assists nursing 
groups when personnel policies are 
under discussion. The other provin- 
cial associations advise and assist 
members through a special committee 
on employment relations, and have 
greatly increased their influence in 
this area. 
Six provincial assocIatIOns now 
have a full-time employment relations 
officer who is fully conversant with 
federal and provincial legislation and 
who can promote social and econ- 
omic welfare of members, advise re- 
garding personnel policies, programs, 
and changes, and study complaints or 
problems in employment relations. 
Although there is no specific provi- 
sion made for nurses under provincial 
NOVEMBER 1967 


labor relations legislation, the asso- 
ciations are able to enter into vol- 
untary collective negotiations with 
employers. However, under voluntary 
negotiations the employer is not com- 
pelled to recognize the group as being 
representative of all nurses in his em- 
ploy, nor does he have to listen to 
them. 
In provinces where nurses are ac- 
tively engaged in collective bargain- 
ing, increased understanding between 
nurses and their employers is grow- 
ing. Nurses also have a greater feeling 
of security knowing that they have a 
voice in planning their working con- 
ditions. 
Because the approaches differ from 
province to province, and show inter- 
esting characteristics, they will be dis- 
cussed individually. 


British Columbia 
The Registered Nurses' Association 
of British Columbia initiated its em- 
ployment relations program in 1942 
with a thorough study of employee- 
employer relations. The Association 
decided to make use of the Labour 
Relations Act of British Columbia 
and requested official recognition as 
bargaining agent for its members; this 
recognition was granted in 1946. It 
included the right to bargain for all 
graduate nurses below the level of as- 
sistant director of nurses. 
Until 1959, the Association bar- 
gained with individual employers 
(hospitals or agencies). It became in- 
creasingly difficult to finalize agree- 
ments with some hospitals because 
there was no assurance that the in- 
creased staff budget would be ap- 
proved by the provincial government, 
which paid the bills. As a result, the 
B.c. Hospital Association requested 
a meeting with the RNABC to dis- 
cuss province-wide bargaining. The 
plan was approved, with the under- 
standing that the RNABC bargain 
with a committee of the B.c. Hos- 
pital Association. 
Today. the RNABC is certified as 
the bargaining authority for 78 
groups of nurses employed by 62 hos- 


pitals, 13 public health agencies, 1 in- 
dustry, 1 doctor's clinic, and 1 medi- 
cal insurance agency. 
Province-wide bargaining with the 
B.C. Hospital Association is conduc- 
ted for nurses employed by hospitals. 
The province is divided into eight 
hospital regions and the staff repre- 
sentatives in each region choose one 
of their number to be a member of 
the Provincial Bargaining Committee. 
The Hospital Association chooses a 
similar committee and these two com- 
mittees negotiate agreements for all 
hospitals concerned. Victorian Order 
of Nurses agreements are negotiated 
on a group basis; all other agreements 
are with individual employers. 


Alberta 
Alberta's nurses became actively 
engaged in collective bargaining in the 
early I 960s. 
In 1962 the Alberta Association of 
Registered Nurses passed a resolution 
that when and wherever three or 
more nurses are employed, regardless 
of category, a staff nurses' association 
recognized by administration could be 
formed. 
In 1964, the AARN and the Al- 
berta Hospital Association were un- 
able to reach an agreement on mu- 
tually recommended salary sched- 
ules and personnel policies for their 
respective members. Consequently, 
separate recommendations were pub- 
lished. The salaries recommended 
showed wide variations between hos- 
pitals and this was generally con- 
sidered to be unfair. 
Changes in the Registered Nurses' 
Act, passed by the provincial legis- 
lature in April 1966, provide that the 
AARN, when requested to do so by 
a majority of a group of members, 
may act as a bargaining agent under 
the Alberta Labour Act on behalf of 
the group of members. 
There are now 53 staff nurse as- 
sociations formed in hospitals and 
health agencies in the province. Four 
of these have the AARN as certified 
bargaining agent; eight others are cer- 
tified as individual bargaining units; 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 27 



the remammg 38 are recognized on a 
voluntary basis. Negotiations have 
been carried out on both individual 
and group bases on behalf of nurses 
employed in hospitals. 
Public health nurses also are show- 
ing increased interest in collective 
bargaining, and staff nurses' associa- 
tions have been organized for these 
agencies. Some have been certified 
and two contracts have been signed. 
The Alberta Hospital Association 
has recommended to the AARN that 
they get together on province-wide 
bargaining. In 1967, it was the opin- 
ion of nurses that it was not to their 
advantage to do so, but in 1968 the 
nurses of Alberta again will discuss 
this proposal. 
Saskatchewan 
In 1964, the Saskatchewan Regis- 
tered Nurses' Association, at the re- 
quest oÎ its membership, established 
a special committee to study the pros 
and cons of collective bargaining for 
nurses in the province. 
Although the Trade Union Act was 
amended in June 1966 and permits 
the SRNA to act on behalf of its 
members in work and wage disputes, 
the Association decided to seek its 
own legislation for nurses. It is be- 
lieved that a special Bill on collective 
bargaining for nurses would be better 
suited to the objectives of the pro- 
fessional association. A brief was sub- 
mitted to the Minister of Public Health 
concerning the Association's decision 
to move into collective bargaining and 
asking for the necessary changes in 
legislation and the SRNA is presently 
working on a draft bill. 
The SRN A, after a ballot vote by 
members, also has asked for collec- 
tive bargaining rights on behalf of 
nursing assistants. 


Manitoba 
The Maitoba Association of Regis- 
tered Nurses has proposed employment 
standards for 1968 and is now pre- 
pared to act as bargaining agent for 
groups of registered nurses. MARN 
will negotiate either on a voluntary 
basis, or, if necessary, apply for cer- 
28 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


tification under the eXlstmg Labour 
Relations Act. Under this Act, no 
person in a management posItIOn can 
be part of the group; at present, then, 
assistant directors of nursing or those 
in higher positions cannot join bar- 
gaining groups. 
It is expected that by the spring 
of 1968, MARN will be actively in- 
volved in collective bargaining. Staff 
nurse associations are being formed 
at the present time. 


Untario 
In 1965, following a test case in 
which the Registered Nurses' Asso- 
ciation of Ontario was prevented from 
acting on behalf of a public health 
group, the Association presented a 
proposed Nurses' Collective Bargaining 
Act to the Ontario Cabinet. To date 
this Act has not been presented to 
the Legislature. The RNAO believes 
that there are disadvantages in the pre- 
sent Labour Relations Act under which 
its members must function; one of the 
most important is the composition of 
the bargaining unit as defined by the 
Act. The Association has been given 
to understand by the Minister of 
Health that either the special nurses' 
Act will be considered in the Legis- 
lative Assembly or the Labour Rela- 
tions Act will be amended to make 
it more suitable for professional 
groups. 
Meanwhile, the RNAO is assisting 
staff nurse associations to organize 
and negotiate individual contracts with 
hospitals and public health units. Some 
of these agreements are negotiated on 
a voluntary basis, others through cer- 
tification. As of June, 1967, more than 
30 local nurses' associations have been 
organized; many have been certified, 
others have achieved voluntary rec- 
ognition. Contracts have been signed 
by nurses in hospitals and public 
health units, and many are in the 
process of negotiation. 


Quebec 
The Labour Code of Quebec re- 
quires that individuals have the right 
of free association; each individual 
must be able to belong to the associ a- 


tion of his choice regarding labor 
relations activities. Therefore, the As- 
sociation of Nurses of the Province 
of Quebec in its present structure is 
ineligible as a bargaining group be- 
cause its membership includes both 
employee and management (supervi- 
sory) groups. 
In the Act respecting the Association 
of Nurses of the Province of Quebec, 
1946, provision is made for each local 
association to negotiate, conclude, 
and sign as agent and proxy col- 
lective contracts or agreements in the 
name of any group of members of the 
local association residing and practicing 
in the territorial jurisdiction. 
This right was not used until late 
in 1966 when the English Chapter, 
District II of the ANPQ, organized 
the United Nurses of Montreal. At 
present, staff nurse associations are 
being certified and collective bargain- 
ing is in pro::ess in some units. 
Three other syndicats or organiza- 
tions also bargain for nurses in Que- 
bec. In the Quebec City area an inde- 
pendent Catholic Nurses' Association 
known as SPIC (Syndicats profession- 
nels des infirmières catholiques) con- 
tracts with hospitals on behalf of ap- 
proximately 3,400 nurses. About 3,000 
French-speaking nurses in Montreal 
area belong to l'Alliance des Infirmiè- 
res, an affiliate of the Confederation 
of National Trade Unions (CNTU) 
and are included in one agreement. A 
second group of English-speaking 
nurses, known as the Metropolitan 
Association of Nurses of Montreal, has 
organized for purposes of collective 
bargaining; it consists mainly of nurs- 
es from th.:: Jewish General Hospital. 


New Bmmwick 
At present, nurses in New Bruns- 
wick are excluded from the Labour 
Relations Act. 
Early in 1966, the provincial leg- 
islature invited briefs on possible 
changes to the Labour Relations Act. 
The New Brunswick Association of 
Registered Nurses submitted a brief 
asking for the removal of the clause 
that prohibits nurses from bargaining 
collectively. 


NOVEMBER 1967 



A second brief was submitted by the 
NBARN to the Royal Commission on 
Collective Bargaining and the Public 
Service. Six recommendations were 
made to this Commission: I. that nurs- 
es be given collective bargaining rights 
under legislation; 2. that negotiations 
take place directly with the provincial 
government; 3. that the provincial gov- 
ernment be given the responsibility of 
enforcing any agreement signed; 4. 
that any deadlock in negotiations be 
settled by arbitration; 5. that the arbi- 
tration be tried for a period of three 
years and if it is found to be unsat- 
isfactory, nurses have the legal right 
to change arbitration procedures to 
work slow down; and 6. that a separate 
Act governing Labour Relations for 
Public Service Personnel be incor- 
porated. 
The Select Committee of the Legis- 
lature will not make its recommenda- 
tions until it has studied the report 
of the Royal Commission on Collec- 
tive Bargaining and the Public Service. 
Meanwhile. the NBARN has com- 
pleted voluntary negotiations with the 
government for salaries and working 
conditions for nurses for 1967 and 
1968. 


Prince Edward Island 
Nurses in Prince Edward Island are 
excluded from the Industrial Relations 
Act. No action has been taken to date 
to seek amendments to the Act. 
The Association of Nurses of Prince 
Edward Island has initiated an inten- 
sive education program to inform its 
members about collective bargaining. 
In 1968 it hopes to take the neces- 

ary steps toward collective bargain- 
mg. 


Nova Scotia 
Nurses in Nova Scotia have not yet 
become involved in collective bargain- 
ing. If the members so desired, the 
Registered Nurses' Association of 
Nova Scotia would be able to negotiate 
under the present Labour Relations 
Act. The Association is currently 
planning educational programs to in- 
form its members on means of improv- 
ing working conditions and salaries. 
NOVEMBER 1967 


N ewfollndland 
The Association of Registered Nurs- 
es of Newfoundland negotiates directly 
with government for salary increases. 
A salary brief was presented to the 
Minister of Health in November 1966. 
As a result, the government recently 
approved a major increase in salary 
over a two-year period. The govern- 
ment is in no way obligated to nego- 
tiate with nurses. It in not known 
whether or not the Association could 
become certified under the present 
Ldbour Relations Act. 


The CNA Role 
Professional associatIOns have, as a 
primary function, the maintenance and 
improvement of ethical and profes- 
sional standards in education and ser- 
vice. There is, however, no conflict 
between this goal and a firm stand on 
sound econon;ic and social welfare for 
the members; in fact economic and 
social security is essential to maintain 
and improve standards of education 
and service. 
As long ago as 1944, the Canadian 
Nurses' Association recognized this 
and approved the principle of collec- 
tive bargaining as a means of aiding its 
members. 
The CNA recently changed its 
structure to provide for a strong and 
workable Social and Economic Wel- 
fare Committee. It has also set up a 
Consultant service in this field, under 
the Research and Advisory Depart- 
ment. Personnel assigned to this area 
are responsible for interpreting and 
administering the policies established 
by the membership and the Board of 
Directors. Services offered include con- 
sultant service to provincial associa- 
tions on specific problems, develop- 
ment of educational programs, research 
and provision of data, and coordina- 
tion of activities. 
The Social and Economic Welfare 
Committee, at its meeting in March, 
1967, proposed a national salary goal: 
$6,000 annually for beginning practi- 
tioners graduating from a diploma 
program; and $6,600 annually for be- 
ginning practitioners from a baccalau- 
reate program in nursing. 


Salaries are not the only concern of 
the Committee. CNA is investigating 
and advising on superannuation bene- 
fits, and has established the Canadian 
Nurses' Association Retirement Plan. 
This pension plan allows either for 
employer-employee shared savings or 
for personal contributions from nurses 
who are self-employed or employed 
where there is no employer contribu- 
tion available. The CNA also has gone 
on record as approving the principle 
of portable pension plans. 
The national association currently 
is preparing a brief for submission to 
the Royal Commission on the Status 
of Women. It is anticipated that this 
brief will comment on the lower 
salaries offered to women in positions 
of equal responsibility to men, pro- 
pose revised taxation policies, advise 
establishment of day care centers to 
facilita
e the employment of working 
mothers, and ask for stronger legis- 
lation on maternity leave without loss 
of status or benefits. 
National offi::e staff is collecting in- 
formation on national employment 
standards such as fringe benefits, va- 
cation, leave of absence. Provincial 
counterparts will be asked to com- 
ment on these matters and recommen- 
dations may be made by the committee 
at a later date. 


Bibliography 
Cnllecti\'e Action by Nurse.f to Imprm'e 
Their Salaries and WorkinR Conditions. 
Ottawa. Women's Bureau. Department of 
Labour. 1964. (Cat. No. U8-20M). 
Collective Bargaining Progre
s Report. 
RNAO New.l. May/June. 1967. p.12-J3. 
Employment Relations Officers Report. 
A A RN News/etter, March-April 1967, 
p.12. 
Gllide/ine.f Toward Social lllld Ecollomic 
Welfare. Ottawa. Canadian Nurses' A
so- 
ciation. 1966. 
Hood. Evelyn E. Province-wide bargaining 
for nurses. Cl/Ill1d. Nlirs. November 1961. 
p.I064-J065. 
Wheeler. Margaret M. Quebec nurses search 
for economic security. Canllll. NIlr.f. vol. 
6, no. 4. April 1965. p.276. 0 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 29 



. , . 
vis-a-vIs 


"I hate living in this residence! I 
can hardly wait for the day when I 
can move out!" Has there ever been 
a student nurse who at some point 
has never uttered, in despairing tones, 
the above sentiment? Yet when given 
the choice, many students feel that 
advantages of living in residence far 
outweigh disadvantages, and gladly 
choose to live in the residence pro- 
vided by their school of nursing. 
What are these advantages? One of 
the most important is financial. Sti- 
pends given during the three years 
of training are small, and seldom ade- 
quate to cover the cost of renting an 
apartment or house. When cost of 
food, utilities, and transportation to 
and from their hospital is added to 
rent, the cost of living out is too big 
a burden for most student nurses. 
In addition to a bed and three meals 
a day, living in residence provides 
students with a good transition from 
the almost complete dependence of 
living in their family home and the 
complete independence of living "on 
their own" after graduation. In resi- 
dence there are no parents to get you 
up in the morning, see that you eat 
well-balanceG meals, watch that you 
get enough sleep, and offer helpful 
advice on friends, love-lives, studies. . . 
ad infinitum. You have some inde- 
pendence, yet many girls who come 
from a protective home environment, 
or those who have always lived in a 
small town, might find the sudden 
adjustment to being completely on 
30 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Residence Living - 


their own in a large city, as well as 
adjusting to the role of nursing, too 
much to cope with all at once. 
Most residences enforce a few rules, 
but despite the complaints of almost 
all student nurses, these are not really 
too restrictive. The rules state that you 
must be back in the residence by a 
certain hour at night, you must re- 
port for work on time, you must be 
appropriately dressed when you are in 
the public eye, such as in the dining 
room and open lounges, and you must 
be quiet after a certain hour so that 
you do not disturb others who are 
sleeping or studying. All these rules 
make sense, and all are rules that we 
must impose upon ourselves when we 
are no longer within the safe walls of 
home or residence. Indeed, many of 
these rules can be found written in 
most apartment ieases. 
Within the limits of these rules, the 
student in residence is free to do what 
she wishes. If she chooses to stay up 
all night, or livf, on a steady diet 
of Coke and chocolate bars, or leave 
her assignments and studying to the 
last possible minute, she soon finds 
out for herself what the consequen- 
ces are. Each student can establish her 
own habits of living, based on her 
own experience and not taken with 
blind faith from rules other have set. 
Another advantage of living in res- 
idence is that it provides a milieu that 
is helpful in the transition from the 
"little girl" role of "the Smith's oldest 
daughter" to the more adult role of 


- 


.-.-- 


"Yes", says Mary Ellen Doyle 


"Miss Smith, student nurse." The end- 
less discussion, evaluation, and general 
"rehashing" of the day's events is in- 
valuable. Everyone living in residence 
shares the same experience, and all 
the well meant commiseration of lov- 
ing relatives cannot replace "Yes, I 
know. That happened to me, too. Why 
not try this?" from a fellow student 
who's been through it before. Although 
sometimes you feel you eat, drink, 
breathe. and dream "nursing," this 
(Continued on paRe 32) 
NOVEMBER 1967 



Yes or No? 


At St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, student nurses may stay in residence or 
"Iive out" if they so desire. Two students debate the concept of residence living 
and bring out some interesting points. 


As a student nurse who has lived 
both in residence and at home, I feel 
that the advantages of living out far 
surpass those of living in a residence. 
By living out, the student nurse 
gains independence. In the hospital, 
student nurses are responsible for pa- 
tients' lives, but, ironical though it 
seems, are not considered mature 
enough to be responsible for their own 
lives. 
Also, in residence, one tends to 
lead a very narrow and restricted life. 
What else can be expected when one 
lives with over 300 girls and all are 
nurses? The main topic of conversa- 
tion is nursing. One not only shares the 
same experiences on wards, but the 
same food, clothes, leisure time. and 
even, unfortunately, boyfriends. Nurs- 
ing seems to become a 24-hour job. 
[n contrast, the student who lives 
out must account to herself - not 
only for preparing assignments and 
studying for exams, but also for the 
endless tasks of day-to-day living. Get- 
ting to work on time, shopping, house- 
keeping, and enforcement of self -dis- 
cipline regarding social life, all com- 
bine to challenge her resourcefulness 
and maturity. 
Living out, the student nurse has am- 
ple opportunities to develop domestic 
talents, such as cooking. She may be 
an incipient gourmet or just prefer 
food plainly cooked, but whatever her 
likes and dislikes, she can prepare her 
meals accordingly, adding her own 
individual touches. Besides cooking, 
NOVEMBER 1967 


she soon becomes adept in the many 
aspects of housekeeping and therefore 
has several advantages over the student 
in residence. 
A particularly important problem, 
regardless of where the student lives, 
is that of study, either for examina- 
tions or for assignments. The student 
nurse who lives out can devote her 
full attention to her studies without 
interference from other students or 
from the inevitable din associated with 
a residence. 
Socially, the student nurse who lives 
out fares much better than her class- 
mates in residence. Gone is the ever- 
present worry of "being in on time" 
and of incurring an "infraction" for 
being late. Furthermore, she has the 
privilege of entertaining her friends 
and relatives, reciprocating their many 
invitations quite casually in the 
warmth and informal atmosphere of 
her own home, without standing on 
ceremony or worrying whether some- 
one else is using the lounge. 
Certainly, a pleasant aspect of living 
out is the use to which the student 
puts her leisure time. A chance to 
pursue hobbies or just to relax with- 
out interruption is a marvellous relief 
and a mental rest from the constant 
saturation of nursing found in resi- 
dence living. The student returns to 
her work refreshed, eager, and rested. 
[n residence, the lack of privacy, 
the frustration of waiting for a phone 
call, the same pallid institutionalized 
meals, and the crescendo of noise 



 


\ 


1 


... 


. 


.. 


-Þ 
, 


"No", says Irene Daykin 


coming from the halls when one is 
trying to study or sleep are ceaseless 
annoyances. The student nurse who 
lives out can reap the benefit. without 
having to compete with her classmates, 
of many small pleasures: watching a 
favorite television program, reading the 
newspaper, listening to the radio, or 
playing the latest hit record. Let's not 
mention losing a date because the only 
telephone on the floor was so busy that 
the caller gave up in exasperation! 
(Continued on paJ!e 321 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 31 




 -:::::===--==-===.--=-.. 
i

 


"1 


-
 


I 


,- Si 
.,c þ- 


, 


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, 



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t 



 
, 


. 


I 


"Yes", says Mary Ellen Doyle 


atmosphere makes the adjustment in- 
volved in learning to be a nurse much 
easier. 
Close, lasting relationships formed 
in residence are another result of this 
sharing of experiences. Not only do 
you share problems but also food, 
leisure time, dates, and the wild in- 
sanities that generally come under the 
heading of "letting off steam." 
Through the constant sharing of daily 
life experiences, you learn more than 
just the surface faults and virtues of 
those you choose as your friends, so 
that by the end of training most stu- 
dents have formed a few strong friend- 
ships, based on knowledge of the true 
person, that will last for many years. 
Aside from forming deep friend- 
ships, living in close daily contact with 
others gives the student a wider under- 
standing of the differences in points of 
view and modes of life. During grade 


school and high school years, most 
girls attend schools in which the major- 
ity of students come from homes of 
the same social level, and share simi- 
lar backgrounds. In residence, the stu- 
dent meets and gets to know girls 
whose outlook and background are 
entirely different from her own. She 
learns to be tolerant of what she can- 
not accept, and finds that she must 
review her own philosophy of life, 
often discovering that things she had 
always accepted as fact may not be 
fact at all, but an assumption she never 
bothered to question. 
A seemingly trivial, but nonetheless 
very real and valuable asset of living 
in residence, is the involvement in social 
activities that are available to the stu- 
dent living in residence. Students need 
a well-rounded life, and meeting and 
dating the opposite sex is a part of 
the life of, most young adults. For a 


... 


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L_ 


t 


" 


"\-- 


,
r 
't 


- 
.
 
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J-- 
 L -f 
, 
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.. 


........ 


. 


". 


? 


- 


girl who comes to a new city for her 
training, meeting fellows could be very 
difficult if it were not for the parties 
and exchanges that are sponsored by 
the residence, or the fact that some- 
one is always looking for a blind date 
for one of her boyfriend's pals. 
I am a student nearing the end of 
my third year of training. I lived in 
residence for two and one half years, 
and have been living in an apartment 
with three other student nurses for the 
past six months. I do not regret having 
moved out of residence before the end 
of my training, as I feel that many of 
the benefits of residence living are no 
longer benefits at this stage of my 
life. However, I feel that my exper- 
ience of living in residence was of 
great value, and I would recommend 
that any student entering nursing 
should spend at least the initial part of 
her training living in residence. 0 


"No", says Irene Daykin 


A considerable advantage for the 
student living out is the complete 
change of environment that she exper- 
iences twice a day - when she leaves 
her home for the hospital and again, 
after work, returns home. The girl in 
residence has no excuse to go out, even 
for days at a time. Most of the neces- 
sities of living are made available and 
there is no need for her to leave the 
residence. Residence and hospital often 
are connected by a tunnel or overpass 
and the student walks to and from 
work w;,thout even a breath of fresh 
air. As even nursing students know, 
fresh air and exercise make for a 


32 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


healthier and happier existence! 
When living out, the student nurse 
avoids the overly sympathetic atmos- 
phere of an environment that is con- 
tinually nursing-oriented. The shared 
self-pity of her fellow nurse is just 
not there. She discovers that friends 
and relatives listen to her escapades 
at the hospital with amused tolerance 
rather than with the commiseration 
she had desired. They may even be 
bored with her tales. She realizes then 
that tensions and problems are not the 
exclusive right of student nurses, but 
that they occur in every walk of life, 
from her father's business to her boy- 


friend's university exams. 
Living out prepares the student for 
the inevitable transition to the role of 
a graduate nurse. With the previous 
experience of living out, the student 
will not have to make such a radical 
adjustment upon graduation as the 
student who lived in residence. 
By living out, the student becomes 
much more aware of the community 
and the world about her. She discovers 
that nursing is itself enriched and more 
rewarding because she is involved 
with friends, family, hobbies, and in- 
terests outside the hospital. 0 
NOVEMBER 1967 



II 


" 


.. .- 


, 


:'\ 


Ravi was born at the Lady Elgin 
Hospital, Jabulpur, India, early in the 
morning of June 15, 1965. He weighed 
three pounds two ounces and measur- 
ed 17 inches at birth, having complet- 
ed a gestation period of barely 28 
weeks. He remained with me in hos- 
pital for ] 0 days and then was dis- 
charged home where my husband and 
I cared for him under the supervision 
of a pediatrician. 
A normal delivery 
It is impossible to state the exact 
cause of Ravi's prematurity. It seems 
likely that it was brought about by a 
combination of several factors, with 
the precipitating one being the severe 
heat immediately preceding his birth. 
During this period, the temperature in 
the area reached 115 F. Because of 
this heat, my appetite diminished and 
I suffered severe fluid loss through 
perspiration. 
My obstetrician examined me at this 
time and said that my baby seemed 
healthy, although rather small. Since 
my blood pressure had dropped to 80/ 
65, she placed me on medications and 
ordered modified bedrest. In spite of 
this care, my labor began and pro- 
gressed normally. 
In India, analgesics are given dur- 
ing childbirth only if the labor is 
abnormal. Consequently, I received 
none. To relax, I practiced the various 
breathing techniques that I had learned 
as a student at the University of To- 
ronto and found them to be of con- 
NOVEMBER 1967 


Home care of Ravi 
- a premature infant 


The author, a former Canadian nurse, found her nursing textbooks of little help 
when faced with the problem of caring for her own premature infant in 
Jabalpur, India. 


Madhuri Ruth Pandya 


siderable help. The doctor assisted 
with the delivery only during the late 
second stage. The baby was born in 
the normal position and uttered a loud 
cry even before he reached the deliv- 
ery table. 
At birth, Ravi appeared to be nor- 
mal, but thin and tiny. He was an 
active baby and cried and kicked vig- 
orously while being given the usual 
care. He showed no evidence of cyan- 
osis or respiratory difficulties. As soon 
as the nurse had suctioned and weigh- 
ed him, he was taken to the hospital's 
small nursery for premature babies. 


proud of nursery 
Elgin Hospital is justifiably proud 
of its nursery. The room is small, 
containing approximately 15 cribs that 
can be elevated by placing blocks un- 
der either end. The nursery is stocked 
with clean linen, thermometers, scales, 
and the usual essentials. Soap, water, 
and clean masks are kept at the en- 
trance. Immediately adjoining the nur- 
sery is a utility room equipped with a 
sterilizer and clean equipment. 
The nurses wash their hands and 
don clean masks before giving care to 


Mrs. Pandya. the former Margaret Windrem. 
is a 1957 graduate of Toronto Western 
Hospital School of Nursing. She received her 
diploma in public health nursing from the 
University of Toronto in 1961 and has lived 
in India since 1964. Her husband is a 
professor at the Government Engineering 
College in Jabalpur. India. 


the babies, and wash their hands at 
the completion of the care. All visi- 
tors are excluded from the nursery 
and the babies are removed only to 
be taken to an adjoining room to be 
fed by their mothers. 
On his admission to the nursery, 
Ravi was placed on his right side 
with head elevated. He was watched 
closely and suctioned at intervals. On 
the second day he was given small 
amounts of sterile water and on the 
third, mother's milk. The initial feed- 
ings were given by eyedropper; since 
he tolerated these well, breast feeding 
was commenced on the fourth morn- 
ing. 
At first, Ravi seemed to have imma- 
ture rooting and sucking instincts. 
However, he took almost one ounce of 
milk, so breast feeding was continued 
every four hours during the day and 
evening. When he became hungry be- 
tween feedings, he was given sterile 
water, occasionally with a little glu- 
cose added. 
In addition to careful feeding and 
constant observation, nursery care 
consisted of good technique, a mini- 
mum of handling, a daily oil bath, 
and the injection of a pediatric anti- 
biotic on the sixth day. Apart from 
the normal physiological jaundice and 
a small weight loss, Ravi had no dif- 
ficulties during his stay in the nursery. 
Because of his progress, the limited 
space in the nursery, and the fact 
that I am a registered nurse, the doc- 
tor advised us to take him with us 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 33 



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 , 

 
 
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when we left the hospital. 


Textbooks little help 
Several days before Ravi and I 
were discharged from hospital my hus- 
band and I began to plan the home 
care. My nursing textbooks proved 
to be of little practical help, since 
they were based on the assumption 
that the baby would be born in hos- 
pital and cared for in a well-equipped 
premature nursery. Therefore, we had 
to figure out for ourselves the basic 
needs of the premature infant and 
from this plan his home care. 
We listed each of Ravi's poorly de- 
veloped systems and then decided how 
we could protect and help them until 
they attained maturity. Fortunately, 
Ravi's respiratory and circulatory sys- 
tems seemed to function adequately. 
However, extra protection was still 
needed against the possibility of infec- 
tion or sudden temperature changes. 
His digestive system also seemed to 
function well, but again, the immatur- 
ity of his swallowing reflexes and var- 
ious sphincters had to be considered 
during feeding. 
Although the babe usually was ac- 
tive and alert, the immaturity of his 
nervous system evidenced itself when 
he dozed off before his feeding was 
completed; at such times, we stimu- 
lated him by flicking his feet. 
The most obvious sign of his pre- 
maturity was in his muscular and 
skeletal development. Since he had 
no subcutaneous fat, we took extra 
care when handling him to guard 
against skin infections and prevent 
loss of body heat. In addition, the 
umbilical cord had not dried before 
discharge and this required careful 
attention to prevent infection. 
Because Ravi had arrived earlier 
than expected, we were unprepared. 
34 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


We had to prepare a nursery and ob- 
tain all articles of clothing and bed- 
ding. In India, this presents a problem, 
since ready-made articles are not easily 
available in the bazaar. However, my 
husband bought cloth and a neigh- 
bor's daughter stitched some small 
frocks; we purchased a crib and used 
pillow cases for sheets until I could 
make a supply. 
Since sophisticated equipment of 
any kind is extremely expensive and 
often not available in India, we decided 
the best approach would be one of 
complete simplicity and cleanliness. 
One room of our house was emptied 
and the walls, ceiling, and floor were 
washed thoroughly with a Dettol so- 
lution. My husband placed Ravi's 
crib in this room, along with a narrow 
cot for me, a small TV table to hold 
water for washing hands, and an arm- 
chair without upholstery in which to 
feed the baby. 


Arrival home 
On June 25, Ravi and I came 
home. The four-mile drive from the 
city to our college colony had al- 
ways fascinated me, since the road 
passed many of the colorful sights of 
the Indian countryside. That day, how- 
ever, I was much too concerned with 
Ravi's welfare to be charmed by the 
sight of a saffron-robed Sadhu or a 
small boy perched upon the joggling 
load of an oxen cart. Luckily, Ravi 
slept all the way and only awakened 
to demand food as we entered our 
home. 
At this time, 10 days after his birth, 
he had regained his birth weight of 
three pounds two ounces. The phys- 
iological jaundice had disappeared 
and his color was good. He was very 
active - kicking and moving about 
the crib - and his reflexes, including 


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the Moro reflex, were present and 
satisfactory. His cry was normal. The 
umbilical cord was still on. His scalp, 
face, and body were covered with fine 
hairs and this, combined with the total 
absence of any subcutaneous fat, 
made him look like a little old man. 
His testes were descended and his 
urine and bowel movements nonnal 
for a breast-fed baby. 
After his first feeding at home, Ravi 
went to sleep. I then had a chance to 
get organized. First, I boiled two bot- 
tles and a quantity of absorbent cotton 
for a breast tray. Then I prepared a 
tray for the baby's daily care, which 
consisted of baby oil, fluffs, and a 
change of clothing. I boiled a wide- 
mouthed bottle and a smaller bottle 
to hold sterile water and the coffee 
spoon that J used when feeding him. 
I then arranged the various items on 
napkin-covered trays and placed them 
in a wall cupboard. On other shelves 
in this cupboard I kept a supply of 
clean linen and clothing, VON-type 
paper bags, the medications - vita- 
mins and Durabolin that the doctor 
had ordered - and wrapped sterile 
cord dressings that the hospital had 
supplied. 
Originally J had planned to set up 
a sllction tray; however, when my hus- 
band was unable to buy a suction tube 
at the bazaar, J decided - erron- 
eously as it turned out - that J was 
being overly careful and did not really 
need it. J placed a TV table at the en- 
trance to the room, and on it kept a 
supply of clean water, soap and a 
towel. Near the door I kept two plas- 
tic pails containing a soap and water 
solution for soiled bedding, clothing, 
and dirty diapers. By the time Ravi 
awoke for his next feeding, all these 
pre-planned activities had
 been exe- 
cuted and J felt reasonably confident 
NOVEMBER 1967 



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about our ability to care for him. 
Tight schedule 
The biggest problem was to plan 
the day's activities so that the cleanest 
possible atmosphere would be created 
for the babe. We established a routine 
that made it possible to maintain good 
asepsis without the time-consuming 
business of masks and gowns. After 
Ravi's six-o'clock morning feed, J pre- 
pared tea for my husband and at. the 
same time washed and put the vanous 
bottles, fluffs, and spoon on the stove 
to boil. J removed the linen buckets 
from the room and put the clothes in 
a fresh solution to soak while J did 
the household cleaning. 
First, I washed an
d changed the 
various items in Ravi's room; then J 
wiped all surfaces with a Dettol solu- 
tion. After this, J cleaned the rest of 
the house, then rinsed out the baby's 
clothes and hung them out to dry. I 
put fresh solutio
 in the buckets. took 
my bath, and put on a clean sari. Im- 
mediately afterward, I set up the var- 
ious trays, took them into the baby's 
room, and prepared and ate breakfast. 
While J was busy with household 
duties, my husband kept an eye on 
Ravi. After breakfast, I gave the baby 
his morning care. He returned to sleep 
and my husband and I had a second 
cup of coffee before he left for the 
Government Engineering College. As 
a further precaution against the pos- 
sibility of infection, only my husband 
and J entered the baby's room for the 
first two months and we always 
washed our hands before touching him. 
When friends came visit, we held 
Ravi up inside the room and o':lr 
friends saw him through the glass In 
the door. 


A real emergency 
The pediatrician visited us weekly 
NOVEMBER 1967 


These VISIts were mainly to check on 
Ravi's progress; the only me?icatio.ns 
that he prescribed were vitamIns daIly 
and two further injections of an anti- 
biotic that Ravi had received in hos- 
pital. 
These regular visits were important 
to me because I was completely con- 
fined to the house and we had no 
telephone. We kept track of the various 
problems that arose during the week 
and discllssed them on his Sunday vis- 
its. 
The first emergency occurred on 
our sixth day home. By an unlucky 
coincidence, this was also the first 
day of the university term and my 
husband's first day of work. J had 
finished RavÏs care and had sat down 
to write a letter. Suddenly I heard a 
sharp cry, followed by a bubbling 
sound. J rushed to the crib. Ravi had 
turned on his back and a profuse 
amount of frothy yellow fluid was is- 
suing from his nose. He was yelling 
lustily and becoming cyanosed. J 
picked him up and placed him on 
is 
side with his head lowered. I tfled 
frantically to think of what J could use 
as a suction tube. 
Suddenly the door opened and my 
husband entered the room. By some 
special act of providence, he had 
decided to come home early for lunch. 
He saw the difficulty, and with amaz- 
ing quickness of thought took the tiny 
plastic ink dropper that had 
ome 
with his new pen and handed It to 
me. I used this dropper to suction out 
the froth while my husband held the 
bottle of sterile water into which J 
blew the froth to keep the tube clean. 
I sucked and blew and sucked again. 
The baby's color changed from deep 
red to almost black and then to deep 
red and, finally, as the fluid stopped 
and the airway became clean, back 


to normal again. 
I cannot be accurate either as to the 
amount of fluid the baby brought up 
or as to the time we suctioned him - 
it may have been from tw
 to five 
minutes. When I had regaIned my 
composure, m} husband summoned the 
doctor. 
The pediatrician arrived that after- 
noon and examined Ravi thoroughly. 
There was no fluid on his lungs and 
no evidence that any damage had been 
done to him_ He believed that the ba- 
by had regurgitated some feeding wit.h 
enough force to send it up thro,-!gh hIs 
nose, and since premature babtes a
e 
unable to breathe through the
r 
mouths, had become terrified when hIs 
air passage was blocked. 
Baby care . 
Ravi received all dally care, except 
for feedings in his crib to minimize 
the danger 
f infection, overhand ling, 
and chiÌÍing. Before caring for him, J 
placed a clean sheet at the .foot of. his 
crib and on it put the varIOUS thIngs 
that I needed for his cord dressing 
and bath. Then J scrubbed m} hands. 
First I dressed the umbilical cord, then 
wiped him all over with baby oil, 
using cotton fluffs. When he was clean, 
I dressed him in fresh clothes and 
changed the crib bedding. I pro
ect
d 
Ravi with a sheet and bathed htm In 
sections, replacing the cloth
s I had 
removed before proceeding to the next 
area. Usually I dressed him in a gown 
and handkerchief-sized diapers that 
were tied on by cords sewn on alter- 
nate corners. 
By this tim
 the r:vtons,?on 
ains had 
started, bringing chIlly mr wIth them. 
Since Indian homes have no central 
heating, it was difficult to maintain 
an even room temperature. We added 
bonnet, sweater, and socks to Ravi's 
wardrobe, and extra covers to his b
d. 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 35 



Danny didn't disturb him 
Emotionally, Ravi reacted the same 
as a full-term baby. He seemed to 
know of our presence and would hush 
when spoken to softly. His eyes fo- 
cused in the normal course of time 
and he gave indications of recogniz- 
ing his father and me. His hearing 
concerned us, however, since he seem- 
ed completely undisturbed by the loud 
barking of Danny, our year-old cocker 
spaniel. It was difficult to determine 
whether other responses, such as going 
off to sleep when sung or talked to, 
or turning head when spoken to, were 
stimulated by the sense of hearing or 
by the senses of sight and touch. It 
graduaIly became apparent that his 
hearing was not impaired. Strangely 
enough, he is still not in the least 
disturbed by Danny's barking, although 
occasionaIly it is loud enough to awa- 
ken the whole colony! 


Second emergency 
Because I constantly feared a rep- 
etition of Ravi's earlier regurgitation, 
I slept lightly and became extremely 
tired. One morning I awoke with se- 
vere nausea and vomiting. My hus- 
band was concerned and consulted a 
local doctor, who advised that I take 
an antinauseant. As a result, I slept 
soundly that day and only awakened 
to feed and care for the baby. I 
thought how nice it was that Ravi, 
too, seemed to be sleeping well. 
In my half-drugged state, I did not 
think any further until that evening, 
while feeding him, Ravi suddenly turn- 
ed a deadly whitish-blue. I called my 
husband, but in the moment it took 
him to enter the mom, Ravi's color 
had returned. In a few minutes, he 
again lost all color. I thought he was 
dead. However, my husband noted 
that he still was breathing. 
At the first sign of cyanosis, I po- 
sitioned him properly and wrapped 
him in a warm shawl; after this, we 
forced a drop of brandy through his 
lips and soon his color returned. Since 
36 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


we were unable to telephone the doc- 
tor, a neighbor took us to the hos- 
pital while I kept a flashlight 
trained on Ravi's face, fearing that at 
any moment he would have another 
attack. 
In the hospital they pumped Ravi's 
stomach and administered oxygen. He 
spent an uneventful night, but the 
next morning, while feeding, he again 
became cyanotic. Prompt treatment 
was given and his color restored. By 
this time, however, my nerves were 
completely gone. When th
 doctor 
suggested that we remain in hospital 
but that I keep the baby with me and 
care for him myself, I protested tear- 
fuIly that I had lost all confidence. He 
and my husband managed to calm me 
and that afternoon Ravi, my husband 
and I movcd into a private room in 
the hospital. 
In India, each room is supplied with 
an extra bed for the patient's atten- 
dant - always a member of her family 
- who looks after her needs. The 
nurses visit the patient frequently and 
give professional care, but the family 
members buy and serve the food (the 
hospital has no diet kitchen) and ob- 
tain and administer oral medications. 
We remained in hospital four days. 
During this time, Ravi took his feed- 
ings weIl and had no further recur- 
rence of cyanosis. The doctor believed 
that the baby had aspirated some of 
the feeding either because a smaIl 
quantity o(the antinauseant had found 
its way into my milk and, in sedating 
him, had further weakened his im- 
mature swaIlowing reflex, or else that 
in my sedated state I had not been 
as careful as usual when feeding him. 
In either case, Ravi pulled through 
and, having survived this crisis, seem- 
ingly decided to get on with it and 
grow up. When we left the hospital on 
July 10, Ravi weighed three pounds 
eight ounces - a total weight gain of 
six ounces. 
The remainder of the first two 
months went quietly and on August 


15th, two months after his birth but 
still five days earlier than we expect- 
ed him to be born, we celebrated his 
birthday. As a further point of cel- 
ebration, the two of us moved out of 
our lonely room and into a room 
with his daddy. We dismantled most 
of the equipment, determined to treat 
him as much as possible like a normal 
child. 


Normal development 
Ravi is now two years old. His phys- 
ical development has progressed nor- 
maIly. As I write this, he is busy in 
the courtyard playing with his bat 
and ball. In all respects he appears to 
be a normal toddler. He is very active 
and naughty, eats all foods, sleeps 
weIl, plays easily with other children, 
and never stops talking. 
We have observed no signs of the 
emotional maladjustments that various 
researchers have found in their studies 
of premature infants. In all likelihood, 
this was because he received mother's 
care from birth and was not emotional- 
ly isolated in an incubator. Perhaps 
this is one dividend for the worry that 
his father and I went through during 
the early months of his life. 
The other dividend is the rich feel- 
ing of thankfulness that comes over 
LIS when we see evidence of his grow- 
ing physical and mental competence. 
In fact, we thing that he is just about 
the brightest baby ever born - on any 
continent. But that, I suspect, is a 
manifestation of parenthood and not 
of prematurity. D 


NOVEMBER 1967 




 



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OFFICIAL 

 OPENING 
CNA HOUSE 



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38 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


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NOVEMBER 1967 



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A Dream 


It is my honor to comment on behalf of the small group 
of nurses who pioneered the creation of CNA House. 
The House Committee was formed officially in 1954, 
under the able chairmanship of the late Agnes J. Macleod, 
following a decision - made at the biennial meeting in 
Banff - that the Canadian Nurses' Association and THE 
CANADI^N NURSE, our official journal, should be accommo- 
dated in one building and that the building should be loc- 
ated in the capital of Canada. 
[n that same year the House Committee located tem- 
porary quarters sufficient to accommodate the CNA staff 
only, and they moved from Montreal to Ottawa. A second 
move was required in 1959 and, fortunately, the second 
floor of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons be- 
NOVEMBER 1967 


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Realized 


came available; there was still insufficient room to include 
staff of THE CANADIAN NURSE. 


Thinking back, I recall a mosaic of episodes that oc- 
curred during the 13-year life span of the House Com- 
mittee: 
. The seige by everyone who wanted to sell an uptown 
property and the committee acting as intrepid explorers 
of countless buildings from cellar to attic, some in con- 
siderable disrepair. 
. The special consideration given to sites on beautiful 
Sussex Drive, on Alexander Street in the imposing area 
surrounding the City Hall, and on Laurier Avenue East 
overlooking Strathcona Park. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 39 



. The approval of the executive com- 
mittee, voting by mail, to negotiate for 
the Laurier Avenue property. 
. The lessons learned in city man- 
agement related to zoning and city 
planning and the great disappointment 
when notified that it would be inad- 
visable to erect a national headquar- 
ters on the Laurier Avenue site. 
. The increased tempo of efforts 
brought on by the disappointment and 
by the urging of the late Mildred Wal- 
ker who became Chairman in 1959. 
. The selection of James W. Strutt 
as architect from among seven reput- 
able firms who submitted credentials 
to the committee. 
. The knowledge that the National 
Capital Commission would develop a 
parkway on the east side of the Rideau 
Canal, comparable to the beautiful 
western Driveway; this turned our eyes 
to this area. 
. The message from the architect 
and from C. E. O'Connor, legal ad- 
visor to the CNA, that this property 
(50 The Driveway) had been placed on 
the market; this early information en- 
abled a first bid on this valuable site 
and, finally, led to the purchase. 
. The approval of the architect's 
drawings by the executive committee, 
the city building committee, and the 
National Capital Commission, followed 
by the selection of F. E. Cummings 
Construction Company Limited. 


The words of the architect describe 
this building impressively: "The head- 
quarters of the Canadian Nurses' As- 
sociation is a small brick and concrete 
structure of 19,000 square feet. The 
entrance is on the top floor and the 
building has a total depth of three 
storeys, designed to effect six separate 
levels. 
"The different functions of the 
building - entrance, three floors of 
offices, containing 33 offices, confer- 
ence area, library and archives, dining 
room and lounge, and various service 
40 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


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Editorial office
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NOVEMBER 1967 



rooms - culminate in an open lobby 
surmounted by a concrete lantern. This 
lantern, besides illuminating the lobby, 
serves as a focal point around which 
the irregularities of the exterior walls 
move when viewed in motion on The 
Driveway, and at night becomes a tow- 
er of light, illuminated from within." 


At the base of the tower of light, 
four murals of unpolished grey slate 
enrich the open foyer. They were ex- 
ecuted by Eleanor Milne, architectural 
sculptor for our parliament buildings. 
In abstract form, they tell the story of 
the span of nursing practice from birth 
to death. 
Birth. The large forms on the left 
of this mural represent male and fe- 
male, birth and parenthood. The com- 
ing of children is shown by floating 
spheres, which ultimately leave the 
family and are received into the society 
of the world. 
Service. The care of people is re- 
presented by heavy bars interpretive 
of the work of nurses. The uplifted 
hands on each side indicate the sup- 
port the nurse provides and the faith 
she holds within. The variety of her 
skills. the grfatness of her task, and 
the unity of lier purpose are portrayed 
by the close grouping of the many sym- 
bols on the right of the mural. 
Knowledge. Heavy semi-circular bars 
in this mural remind one of the vitality 
and strength of knowledge that are 
basic to the skillful practice of nursing. 
Flames depict the joy of learning. 
Wings at each side indicate that it is a 
continuing process so that we may ap- 
ply our hearts and minds, as well as 
our hands, with wisdom, skill, under- 
standing and compassion. 
Death. The Spirit now breaks from 
the physical body and by means of 
the triple crown of works accomplished 
- Life, Service. Knowledge - gains 
victory through Death. - EVELYN A. 
PEPPER, VICE-CHAIRMAN, CNA HOUSE 
COMMITTEE. 
NOVEMBER 1967 


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THE CANADIAN NURSE 41 




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bllilding prior 10 the official opening of CNA House, 50 
The Driveway, Ottawa. 


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While Mrs. Michener looks on, Governor General 
Michener signs the gu.est book before clllling the ribbon 
and officially opening CNA HOLlse. 


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Mayor Don Reid extends wishes on behalf of the City 
of Ottawa during the opening speeches as Governor 
General Michener listens attentively. 
42 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



 
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An Impressiv 1 


September 25, 1967, was a memorable day for 
Canadian nurses right across the country. 
At 3:00 P.M., Governor General Roland Michener 
snipped a wide white ribbon and officially opened CNA 
House, the three-storey, red brick building on The Drive- 
way in Ottawa, which houses the staff of administrators, 
consultants, and researchers who work to improve not 
only the quality of nursing care for all Canadians, but 
the economic status of each Canadian nurse. 
The uutdoor ceremony was attended by 100 
representatives of the federal government, the City of 
Ottawa, and provincial nursing associations, as well as 
the International Council of Nurses, and allied profes- 
sional organizations. Later, all gathered on the third 
floor of the building where coffee and sherry were served, 
and where the Governor General and Mrs. Michener 
were able to greet the guests and the staff of CNA 
before touring the building. 
A highlight of the ceremony was the guard of honor 
formed by student nurses of the City of Ottawa to wel- 
come His Excellency. In the bright uniforms of their 
schools. they stood at attention as Mr. Michener and 
his party alighted from the car and made their way to 
the official platform. 
It was a happy day for all, but for none more than 
architect l.W. Strutt. He captured the nurses' dream in 
his original sketches of the building submitted two years 
ago - dignified yet unpretentious. with a high degree 
of enclosure and protection in which the internal qualities 
of spatial organization were givcn more importance than 
external qualities of display. 
The buildIng is topped by a 20-foot precast "lantern" 
of concrete and glass which surmounts the lobby. illumin- 
ating four murals of unpolished grey slate depicting the 
span of nursing practice. The lantern, while admitting 
skylight into the lobby and giving emphasis to this central 
space. anchors the otherwise imprecise form of the 
b'uilding. It has happily been taken by CNA as an 
expression of its professional symbol. 


NOVEMBER 1967 



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Gm'ernor General Roland Michener makes the official 
incision in the ribbon acrou the doorway. 


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Studem I/llr!>.es from Ottawa hospitals, who formed a 
guard of honor for the Governor General, also attended 
the reception following the ceremonies. 


Dr. Helen K. Mussallem, executive director, CNA, 
describes the murals to Sister Felicita.
, president of 
CNA, Mrs. Michener, and the Governor General. 


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(Second from left) and James W. Strutt, architect (third 
from left) chat with guests at the reception. 


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Sister Mary Felicitas, president of the CNA, introduces 
guests at the opening to Theit Ercellencie.'i, Gm'ernor 
General and Mrs. Michener. 
NOVEMBER 1967 


The special guests toured the new building and Gov- 
ernor General Michener showed special intere!>.t III 
the rapidly growing library collection. 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 43 



The 


House 


There are more than a quarter-million 
bricks in CNA House, contributed by 
you, the members, and cemented together 
by your unity of purpose. Too, your in- 
dividual contributions combine to finance 
all the activities of the Canadian Nurses' 
Association, and give support to the Can- 
adian Nurses' Foundation and the Inter- 
national Council of Nurses. 
CNA House stands as a monumental 
testimonial to the progress achieved, from 
humble beginnings, through the unified 
actions of Canadian nurses - for which 
each member, justifiably, can be proud. 
But this is not the great achievement: 
The great achievement is the spirit of 
Canadian nursing that breathes life into 
CNA House - the same spirit that gives 
awareness to nursing problems at the 
bedside and generates ideas for their solu- . 
tion. It is the strong moving force that 
compels nurses to instigate the battle for 
improvement at the chapter meeting and 
propel it through provincial and national 
deliberations to the highest authorities in 
the land. 
Literally, hundreds of thousands of off- 
duty hours have been volunteered, en- 
thusiastically, by dedicated professionals 
who prepare presentations and travel mil- 
lions of miles to stimulate action at local, 
regional, provincial, national, and inter- 
national meetings. 
Not only have these energies created an 
organized, permanent force to pursue 
nursing's ultimate goals; distilled through 
democratic mechanisms they have be- 
come a super-fuel - the motive power 
that gives direction to the organization, 
launches it on active improvement cam- 
paigns across the nation, and steers it on 
course. . 


A federation of ten 
Your association is a federation of the. 
10 provincial nurses' associations. You 
created it to unite all nurses in Canada 
into one organization so that the full 
weight of the entire profession in Canada 
could be brought to bear on those mat- 
ters in which one unified voice could 
speak more effectively than 10 separate 
voices. 
The Association is organized to imple- 
ment policies relating to the welfare of 
the individual member, the education of 
future and present members, and the 
quality of patient care. A route for every 
nurse in Canada to participate in these 
affairs is provided through a national pat- 
tern of standing committees. 
Each of the 10 provincial associations 
has a standing committee on: 
Social and economic welfare to estab- 
lish conditions of employment that are 
adequate to attract and retain competent 
persons in the numbers required to satisfy 
44 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


that 


Oedica tion 


Built 


the nursing needs of the public. 
. Nursing education to promote educa- 
tI,?nal syst

s that are capable of gradu- 
atmg suffIcIent numbers of qualified 
nurses to satisfy future needs in all fields 
of nursing practice, nursing education, 
and nursing administration. 
Nursing service to facilitate the means 
of effective utilization of nurses by nurse- 
employing agencies and to ensure the 
adoption of up-to-date, safe, and effective 
techniques by nursing practitioners. 
The 10 provincial standing committees 
in these three areas provide a forum for 
!he reyiew o
 
vents and changing needs 
m theIr specIfIed area and propose revi- 
sion in policy based on this examination. 
The chairman of each is a member of the 
appropriate national standing committee. 
The national standing committee chair- 
men, who are appointed by the CNA 
Board of Directors, are selected from 
top Canadian nurses in each field and 
become members of the Board. 
In this manner a direct line of com- 
munication and representation is estab- 
lished between every nurse in Canada 
and the Board of Directors of the na- 
tional association. 
The other members of the Board of 
Directors are the president, the president- 
elect, and the first and second vice-pres- 
idents, who are elected biennially by the 
total membership, and the 10 provincial 
association presidents elected by their 
members. In addition, at least two re- 
presentatives from the nursing sisterhoods 
are elected to the Board. 


Permanent staff 
Each provincial assocIation has spe- 
cialists on staff who act as consultants 
to appropriate standing committees, form- 
ulate and recommend policy, and imple- 
ment approved programs. The Canadian 
Nurses' Association's permanent head- 
quarter's staff similarly has senior con- 
sultants who specialize in social and eco- 
nomic welfare, nursing education, and 
nursing service. These specialists act as 
consultants to their provincial counter- 
parts, formulate and recommend policy to 
the three national standing committees, 
and implement approved programs. 
Horizontal communication is thus 
maintained between the specialists on pro- 
vincial association staffs and those at na- 
tional headquarters so that national policy 
and headquarter's activity at all times re- 
late to current conditions and needs 
across the country. 
Services and activities 
Participation with government agencies 
and allied professional groups, at both 
the provincial and national level is a 
significant part of the Association'
 over- 
all purpose. In this capacity it sits on 


planning councils, provides consultant ser- 
vices, participates in conferences co- 
sponsors activities, and collaborates' with 
medical associations, hospital associations 
government agencies, and others in the 
planning and control of health services for 
Canadians. 
In addition to performing its adminis- 
trative functions, the Association has 
three major functional departments that 
provide services to members. 
National Nursing Library and Archives: 
The library in CNA House contains over 
4,000 titles and is the most comprehen- 
sive collection of nursing literature in the 
nation. Its repository collection of nursing 
studies is a major resource for research 
in Canada, and the periodical collection 
of some 300 titles is probably one of the 
best in the world. 
The loan service and reference service 
is used extensively by nurses across Can- 
ada and in other parts of the world. These 
services are available to all agencies or 
individuals interested in nursing. 
Research and Advisory Services: The 
basic function of the Research and Advi- 
sory Department, in addition to the con- 
sulting role previously mentioned, is to 
study conditions and events affecting 
nursing, identify problems, and recom- 
mend corrective action. In pursuing this 
work, liaison with appropriate federal and 
provincial authorities and organizations is 
maintained. 
An important by-product of the re- 
search activity is the publication of all 
statistical data gathered in its process. 
This includes: an annual inventory of 
registered nurses in Canada by province, 
classified by employment status, marital 
status, age, and sex; nursing department 
staff turnover rates; salaries and qualifi- 
cations of faculty in nursing schools; stu- 
dent enrolment and graduation by type of 
program, and others. 
The resources of this department are 
available to all agencies or individuals in- 
terested in nursing. 
Information Services: The Information 
Services Department is the Association's 
communication arm tù both internal and 
external publics. It publishes the only 
English and French national professional 
nursing journals in Canada, The Cana- 
dian Nurse and L'infirmière canadienne. 
It also provides information for distribu- 
tion to the public through press, televi- 
sion, and other media in the form of press 
releases and other informational material, 
and publishes reports of all formal studies 
and programs undertaken by the Associa- 
tion in both French and English. 
CNA House, alive with the spirit of 
Canadian nursing, is the house that dedi- 
cation built. Its vitality will be maintained 
with your continued participation and en- 
thusiastic support. D 
NOVEMBER 1967 



THE PROBLEM 


BIRTH RATE 


48.2- 
':---...- 
.. 
.. 


192t 


1931 


1941 


1951 


( Figure 1 ) 


:
 
.... 
. 14.0 


1961 '66 '71 


India's Project number one 


There are 446 protestant mission 
hospitals and dispensaries in India, 
and along with government health ser- 
vices these institutions are now turn- 
ing their attention to the provision of 
urgently needed family planning ser- 
vices. As a public health nurse and 
Canadian University Service Over- 
seas volunteer, I have been assigned 
to the Family Planning Project of the 
Christian Medical Association of In- 
dia, as northern India representative, 
to work with the mission hospitals in 
the northern states and Nepal and as- 
sist them in creating family planning 
programs and in increasing the effec- 
tiveness of these services. 


New program for a new problem 
Established in 1966 through the 
efforts of Canada's Dr. Robert Mc- 
Clure, and with funds from several 
international aid agencies and an in- 
terest
d Canadian, the CMAI Family 
Planning Project was designed to as- 
sist these hospitals, often operating on 
shoe-string budgets, to integrate fam- 
ily planning into their total health 
programs. The first service of the pro- 
ject was to remove one of the main 
obstacles to family planning pro- 
grams: finances. A capital grant of 
$25.00 is made to each joining hos- 
pital for equipment and supplies 
needed to launch its program, and 
then each is reimbursed for the cost 
of family planning work (for tubal 
ligations and vasectomies performed, 
and intrauterine devices inserted). The 
NOVEMBER 1967 


India's number one problem is the population explosion. The death rate is down; 
now the birth rate must be controlled. A Canadian nurse with the Canadian 
University Service Overseas reports on a family planning services program. 


Wendy Marson, B.Sc.N. 


main advantage to the hospitals is the 
prompt reimbursement of their costs 
so that they can work assured of this 
support. 
Because of the high standards of 
care maintained in these hospitals and 
large numbers of patients dependent 
upon them, they have contributed sig- 
nificantly to the profound effect that 
increased health facilities and pro- 
grams have had on India's death rate 
since 1921. Until that time, the death 
rate had nearly equaled the birth rate, 
and total population increase was a 
minor problem for the country. How- 
ever, with vastly increased health ser- 
vices and disease prevention pro- 
grams, the death rate has plummeted 


until now it stands at 16 per thousand. 
The birth rate, however, has remained 
almost constant and stands at the very 
high level of 41 per thousand (Fig- 
lire J). 
The outcome of the success in the 
battle to improve health services can 
be seen in the huge annual increase 
in population - 13 million people, 
equal to Australia's total population. 
Efforts to raise the standard of living 
are nullified as the country struggles 
to provide even essentials of life to 
burgeoning numbers. At this rate of 
increase, India's present population of 
510 million, which took 5,000 years 
to build, will double to more than 1 
billion in less than 28 years. 


Mrs. Marson is a CUSO volunteer work- 
ing out of Delhi, India. She received her 
B.Sc.N. in 1963 from the University of 
British Columbia. Since then she spent one 
year as a public health nurse, four months 
as a psychiatric nurse, and two years as 
an administrator in international aid pro- 
grams. In January 1967, she and her hus- 
band, Brian, went to India as CUSO per- 
sonnel. He was appointed Director of the 
CUSO Program in India while she became 
northern India representative of the Family 
Planning Project of the Christian Medical 
Association of India. About her work she 
writes: "I find my role in this work ex- 
tremely stimulating, although it often 
stretches my ingenuity to the limit. I am 
fortunate to have an imaginative husband 
as one of my resources! I find my nursing 
background and experience gained so far 


very useful in establishing rapport with 
family planning and hospital staff, with 
patients and students. An increasing num- 
ber of CUSO nurses are now working in 
the family planning program in India, as 
training staff in government programs, as 
supervisors of village level workers, and 
as workers themselves in government and 
mission institutions. 
"I think all of us agree that the experience 
is contributing considerably to professional 
development from our point of view, and 
at the same time. we are helping with India's 
most urgent need. But many more are 
urgently required to help meet the serious 
deficit in nurses and trained personnel 
in the family planning program, to train 
and supervise Indian staff upon whom 
the ultimate success over rising numbers 
will depend." 
THE CANADiAN NURSE 45 



If there is to be any hope of pro- 
viding reasonable opportunities of life 
for India's young, this explosion must 
be stabilized by making every effort 
to reduce the birth rate. Although the 
Indian government has officially sup- 
ported family planning programs since 
the beginning of its first Five Year 
Plan in 1951, only recently have the 
programs received the necessary pri- 
ority and financial backing. 
The present aim is to reduce the 
birth rate from the present 41 per 
thousand to 25 per thousand as quick- 
ly as possible. To do this, 50 percent 
of the estimated 90 million couples in 
the reproductive age must be moti- 
vated to accept the small family norm 
of two or three children and to plan 
their families effectively. Progr.ams of 
mass. education and motivation are 
underway to convince people of the 
necessity for family planning, but with 
80 percent of the population illiterate 
and scattered through 560,000 vil- 
lages, a person-to-person approach is 
vital. The education and training 
needs for the program are vast and 
the government is training village 
workers, paramedical personnel, and 
doctors as quickly as possible. 
Working through the hospitals 
One way to contact the population 
on a meaningful and individual basis 
is through the hospitals and dispen- 
saries to which they come for health 
care. We estimate that 12 million peo- 
ple annually turn to the CMAI hos- 
pitals for treatment of conditions rang- 
ing from leprosy, tuberculosis, and 
cholera, to cut fingers. Each married 
couple that comes to a hospital can 
potentially be reached at the same 
time with information about family 
planning; it is this basic concept that 
I am trying to teach in the hospitals 
I visit. Some already hav
 excellent 
programs inspired by farsighted medi- 
cal leadership. 
One doctor in a small isolated hos- 
pital serving 60,000 outpatients a 
year said to me, "I've worked to build 
up this hospital over the past 30 
years, and in that time I've contribut- 
46 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


. 


I 


, 


" .. , 
f. , 
I 
l 
J \ j 
, 
, 
,\ ! t 
+
 
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f 


... 
. 


. 


--- 


i.f 



r-"
 
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... .' 


Village women approach a maternal and child health clinic where family 
planning services are available. Recent introduction of im'erted red triangle 
(above door) indicate
, without need for words, the availability of family 
planning services. 


ed to lowering the death rate. Now it 
is time I worked just as hard to lower 
the birth rate, or I am no longer 
meeting the needs of my patients." 
Many of the outpatients cannot un- 
derstand the printed word, but when 
they visit this particular doctor he 
routinely asks, "How many children 
do you have?" and "Do you want 
any more?" The first step in intro- 
ducing the subject is as simple as 
that. For the patient who indicates a 
desire to space his or her family, or 
who wishes to limit the number of 
children, a short talk on available 
methods follows, terminating in a de- 
cision on one particular type. For 
those who have as many children as 
they want (or more frequently, have 
more than they want) but need moti- 
vating, a longer discussion is needed. 
Frequently they are sent to see one 
of the nurses trained by the doctor for 
a more detailed talk and explanation. 
Many mission hospitals have not 
yet taken such steps to integrate fam- 
ily planning into their routine patient 
care, however, mainly because the de- 
mand for their curative services is 
so great and the insufficient staff so 
over-worked, thdt family planning 
services are given only to those pa- 
tients who are already motivated 
enough to ask for them. 
The main feature of my work, then, 
is to visit these hospitals, to help 
those with family planning programs 
to evaluate them, to make suggestions 
for improvement, and to assist in im- 


plementing these. 
On an initial ViSIt to a hospital 
(about 50 percent of my time is spent 
in actual visiting), I usually tour the 
whole institution, spending most time 
on the wards and in the outpatient de- 
partment. I concentrate first on ways 
to integrate family planning teaching 
into the existing programs of patient 
care on the maternity wards, the male 
and female medical wards, and most 
importantly, in the OPO. Family 
planning information generally is bet- 
ter accepted if it is integrated into 
other hospital teaching programs, es- 
pecially in maternal and child health. 
In developing a hospital's program, 
I concentrate on what I believe are 
four major areas: staff and student 
education; patient education and mo- 
tivation; actual provision of medical 
services for family planning; and fol- 
low-up procedures and services. 


Staff education 
In the area of staff education, I 
give talks to members at all levels, 
from sweepers (cleaning staff) to med- 
ical sté'ff, depending on needs and 
requests. Much of the teaching will 
be done by the nurses during the daily 
patient care, of course, and so I usual- 
ly spend most time with them. 
Nursing staff in India have four 
different levels of training. (Doctors 
in India outnumber trained nurses by 
90,000 to 50,000 for the 510 million 
population; Canada has 105,000 nur- 
ses for its 20 million p(:ople.) There 
NOVEMBER 1967 



are the fully trained nurses with three 
years basic preparation and one year 
midwifery; lady health visitors with 
30 months training oriented toward 
public health and rural work; auxilia- 
ry nurse-midwives with two years 
preparation oriented toward domicil- 
iary midwifery and family planning; 
and the trained dais or mjdwives with 
one year midwifery training. All are 
used in hospitals as nursing staff, and 
all must be oriented toward patient 
teaching and integration of family 
planning teaching into their daily 
work. 
In talks with men and women, I 
use as many visual aids as possible, 
including a small portable pelvic 
model called the Lupkit to demon- 
strate insertion of intrauterine devices 
(or "loops" as they are commonly 
known), pamphlets, posters, charts, 
flannel boards, and, sometimes, slides. 
Visual aids can be very important to 
the patient teaching program because 
of their reinforcement effect. I make 
them as simple as possible to demon- 
strate how easily they can be copied 
by hospital staff, and to ensure that 
they are comprehensible to patients. 
Considerable development of staff 
and student education is needed how- 
ever, and this area is being given the 
project's highest priority at present. 
To this end, we are planning regional 
training courses for staff nurses and 
family planning workers, and inser- 
vice education programs in the hos- 
pitals during the coming months. Al- 
so, we have completed preparation of 
a teaching plan for nursing schools to 
use in their classes in obstetrics and 
gynecology, and in community health. 
The Trained Nurses' Association of 
India fully supports and promotes 
staff training programs in family plan- 
ning and also initiates similar educa- 
tional programs in government hos- 
pitals. 
This whole area of training and ed- 
ucation is highly important and af- 
fords almost unlimited possibilities for 
the development of resources, such as 
hospital libraries, displays and films, 
visual materials for health talks - 
NOVEMBER 1967 


for example, flash cards that tell stor- 
ies - and tape recordings to be 
broadcast through hospital wards, to 
mention only a few areas into which 
our work extends. 


Patient education 
The next area of importance is that 
of patient teaching. Often I am asked 
to give demonstration talks to groups 
of patients on the wards and in the 
outpatient departments. These serve 
the main purpose of demonstrating to 
staff just where and how patient edu- 
cation should be carried on. The OPO 
usually is crowded with women, often 
dressed in their very best and most 
colorful saris for the occasion, sitting 
in groups on the floor chatting ani- 
matedly among themselves, soothing 
the children they have brought along, 
and preventing the precious medicine 
bottles - brought for refill - from 
being smashed on the floor. 
Probably because I am a Westerner, 
and therefore an object of curiosity, 
and also because of the confidence 
they have in the hospital staff who 
obviously have brought me there, the 
waiting patients make very attentive 
audiences. Sometimes we talk to mix- 
ed groups, but usually there is dis- 
cussion only if the women are by 
themselves, without the menfolk. Even 
then, the young women are an espe- 
cially shy group; some still wear the 
burkha (a shroudlike covering extend- 
ing from head to toe, with only small 
slits for the eyes) whenever they ven- 
ture out of the home. 
It is always encouraging when an 
older woman is present and shows in- 
terest in and agreement with what we 
say. These older women are usually 
mothers-in-law who still rule the 
households containing the extended 
families. Especially in rural areas, the 
word of the mother-in-law is law; if 
she is opposed to child spacing and 
family limitation, it becomes very dif- 
ficult to work with her son or daugh- 
ter-in-Iaw. 
When teaching about the loop, I 
always pass one around for each lis- 
tener to finger and feel for softness 


and pliability. Once ] was most sur- 
prised to hear from the Hindi-speak- 
ing audience, "Veh plastic Hai (It's 
plastic)'" The passing of the loop 
brings an amusing variety of re- 
sponses, from giggling shyness and 
refusal to touch, to eager interest and 
discussion of its characteristics. Usual- 
ly when encouraged, all will at least 
feel it and pass it on. 
The wards are also good places for 
group teaching, because usually no 
patient is admitted to a rural hospital 
unless accompanied by a relative. 
They cook and provide routine care 
for the patient. When not occupied 
with these duties, they spend time 
fanning the invalid industriously or 
dozing on a mat on the floor beside 
the cot. Thus, their presence offers 
considerable opportunity for health 
and family planning teaching by the 
nursing staff. Again, the use of visual 
aids is very important to introduce 
discussion as Indian women love col- 
or and "gimmicks." 


Provision of services 
Most methods of family plann!ng 
are available in this country, rangIng 
from the conventional methods such 
as condom, diaphragm, and jelly, to 
intrauterine device and sterilization. 
These conventional methods are wide- 
ly used. Efforts are being made to 
provide condoms at nominal cost on 
such a mass scale that they will be 
available in every village bazaar (mar- 
ket) in the country. Many couples suc- 
cessfully space and limit their families 
by these methods, but the reliability 
and supply are not comparable to the 
loop or sterilization. 
The oral contraceptive, with which 
we in North America are so familiar, 
is only now to be introduced here on 
a wide scale following the completion 
of research leading to government ap- 
proval of its use. 
The intrauterine device known as 
the Lippes Loop was introduced on a 
mass scale in 1965 and given exten- 
sive publicity. Although this device 
has been found to have temporary side 
effects among many of the users and 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 47 



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41

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an estimated 10 percent expulsion 
rate, the loop, on the whole, has 
provided a useful and successful part 
of the family planning program. 
From the experience of the past two 
years, it is clear that the effectiveness 
of the loop as a method depends a 
great deal both on initial preparation 
of the patient and post-insertion fol- 
low-up. In areas where little or no 
preparation of the patient has been 
given, the predictable but unanticipa- 
ted side effects have given rise to con- 
cern among the patients affected and 
various rumors have grown up, ad- 
versely affecting other women's con- 
fidence in the loop. In one area, for 
example, a village woman had the 
loop inserted, but during her first post- 
insertion period, had uterine contrac- 
tions that pushed part of the loop 
through the cervix. The threads tied 
to the loop for the purpose of removal 
are blue, and when this woman exam- 
ined herself, she found two bluish 
whiskers protruding from her vagina. 
When she pulled on these, out came 
a "worm-like object with a blue an- 
tennae." At first it was straight, but 
before her eyes began to curl itself up. 
In tt'rror she dropped it and ran to 
tell a neighbor. When they both came 
back it was dead! 
The upshot of this incident was the 
rumor that the doctor really was not 
inserting a loop, but a foreign worm 
that eats at uterine lining and causes 
bleeding! Naturally such a story will 
48 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


All over India, on bus stands, in railway stations, on billboards, the small 
family norm is promoted. The message above reads, in Hindi and Urdu: "Two 
or three children is enough' Visit your nearest family planning center." 


generate resistance to the loop among 
village women, and will take a great 
deal of effort to correct. If time and 
interest had been taken in this woman 
to show her a loop and describe its 
effect, such an incident could have 
been avoided. 
When I ask village women what 
they know about the loop, they often 
answer that they know it causes bleed- 
ing. Thus the pre-insertion preparation 
should include the correct information 
that it often causes initial spotting and 
heavier periods for two or three 
months, but that once the period of 
adaptation is over, they will return to 
normal. It also goes without saying 
that the worker's confidence in the 
method being taught has a very im- 
portant bearing on patient's receptiv- 
ity to the teaching. 
Since 1965, more than 1.5 million 
loops have been inserted in India. Ex- 
periments are still going on to perfect 
insertion techniques, and other types 
of devices are being tried, such as the 
polygon. 
Sterilization of men and women are 
major methods recommended by the 
government for cases where family 
limitation is desired, and are performed 
for an increasing number of par- 
ents. The male operation, vasectomy, 
is a very simple operation performed 
under local anesthesia in a matter of 
minutes, and like the loop is often 
done in "camps" where men desiring 
the operation are gathered from sur- 
rounding villages. 
In view of the enormous population 
problem, there is increasing discus- 
sion in India about making this me- 
thod compulsory for all fathers with 
three children, and some states are 
already taking steps to introduce l
g- 
islation whereby any couple havmg 
more than three chidren will forego 
free medical treatment, maternity leave 
with full pay, eligibility for state hous- 
ing, and other benefits. 
Follow-up 
The final phase, and equalIy impor- 
tant in a hospital's family planning 
program, is follow-up once a patient 
has accepted a particular method. 


This aspect I try to stress in talks to 
staff, and suggest that patients always 
be encouraged to return for a folIow- 
up visit within a month of acceptance 
of a method, if it is not possible for 
someone from the hospital to visit 
them at home. Even conventional 
methods of family planning, such as 
use of vaginal jelly, condoms, and foam 
tablets, require sustained motivation 
for continued use and successful pre- 
vention of unplanned children. 
With loop cases, follow-up is high- 
ly important to encourage women 
through the initial difficulties that 
may be expected as the uterus adapts 
to the presence of the foreign object. 
Too often, the only patients who are 
followed are those who return after 
experiencing difficulties and come to 
request removal. If they can be reåched 
earlier in their homes, the difficul- 
ty usually can be overcome. Thus, it 
is important to the success of a hospi- 
tal's program for the staff to realize 
the need for adequate follow-up and 
to implement a suitable procedure. To 
this end, we are planning to prepare 
simplified procedures to assist hospi- 
tals .in developing this aspect of their 
servIces. 
Follow-up is equally as important 
to provide medicine when necessary, 
to treat side effects such as temporary 
spotting and discomfort, and to 
provide reassurance to the patient. 
Follow-up also allows a check on ex- 
pelled loops and re-insertion can then 
be arranged. This often results in 
permanent retention, particularly if 
a different size loop is used. 
Many problems and few staff 
I have found in talking with pa- 
tients that, without fail, they cannot 
afford to have more than three or four 
children at most, regardless gf their 
level of income. Yet many have be- 
tween three and eleven! Why, when 
they are aware of their limited ca- 
pacity to support them, do they conti- 
nue to have more children? There are 
many reasons, such as fear generated 
by rumors, ignorance of the exact na- 
ture of "methods, apathy, lack of fore- 
sight or education, and the belief that 
NOVEMBER 1967 



The person-ta-person approach is vital to the success of the family planning 
programs. Here Mrs. Marson uses the LupÁIl to demonstrate to a group oj 
interested women the insertion of the intrauterine device the simple.H and surest 
family planning method available in India. 


children are a gift of God-if He wants 
them to live, He will see that they are 
fed; if they die, it is His will. There 
are many other reasons, and each fam- 
ily planning worker has his or her 
favorite. Taken as a whole, they illus- 
trate once again the great need for 
careful patient education such as we 
are trying to provide through each 
hospital. 
Unfortunately, many hospitals sim- 
ply do not have staff available to do 
much of this work. It can be a full- 
time job. talking to groups of men 
and women in OPO all morning, tour- 
ing wards every afternoon, 
visiting 
communities to see patients who have 
accepted family planning, and, if time 
allows, working in the surrounding 
villages. 
The project has set aside extra 
funds from which hospitals can draw 
to hire extra staff to do full- or part- 
time family planning programs. Hos- 
pitals that have such staff usually use 
them in teaching and visiting patients 
in an integrated program of maternal 
and child health and family planning. 
This is probably the most effective 
way. 
One hospital. for example, has em- 
ployed a dedicated retired lady health 
visitor who worked for years in ma- 
ternal and child health, and who is 
now working with their public health 
nursing tutor to set up an integrated 
maternal and child welfare program 
with domiciliary midwifery and family 
planning. It is a joy to watch her 
teach patients, for she is so skilled 
and perceptive of their responses. I 
accompanied her into the narrow 
mud-walked streets of the nearby vil- 
lage where this program is being set 
up. It was clear that women in this 
village trusted this worker, and she 
was planning to use the trust built up 
to convince them to adopt a method 
of child spacing. 
In another hospital in Rajasthan 
state, I went with two midwives to 
visit a village, one of 30 or 40 they 
visit regularly. This particular hospi- 
tal had converted a van, originally 
used in village Tb work, into a mobile 
family planning unit. The midwives 
NOVFMRFR 1%7 


live on it as they tour the rural areas 
each week. Although we had a flat 
tire, the trip through 40 miles of Ra- 
jasthan countryside was starkly beau- 
tiful, simmering in the intense dry 
desert heat of Mav. The brown of the 
landscape was broken only by the 
brilliant hues of the flowing garments 
worn by the women at work in the 
fields. and the turbans worn by the 
men. Even the huts of the village were 
baked a bro\';nish color by the sun. 
The village we visited was fairly 
large - about 10,000 in population. 
There, these midwives, by door-to- 
door canvassing. had found 170 cou- 
ples who wanted to practice family 
planning. They were distributing only 
conventional contraceptives. because 
a year earlier a hastily planned gov- 
ernment program promoting the loop 
had resulted in many complications 
and subsequent disrepute of the me- 
thod. The pair try to reach the families 
on their lists during the morning when 
the women are home and alone. They 
distribute the next month's supply of 
contraceptives and give advice and 
encouragement wherever needed. This 
kind of village approach is needed on 
a vastly wider scale, since it is the best 
way to take family planning informa- 
tion and services to the rural people. 
Workers such as these. trained and 
deeply aware of the urgency of India's 
problems are still few and far be- 
tween. Too often hospitals are willing 
to incorporate such people into their 
staffs but cannot find suitable candi- 
dates because of the shortage across 
the whole country. The need for train- 
ing programs to supply more can be 
readily seen. 


"& 



 


. 


\ \ 
i 


J) 
- 


- 


\ 


4". 


With more than 150 mission hospi- 
tals and dispensaries now participat- 
ing in the CMAI Family Planning 
Project, our work is developing at a 
rapid and exciting pace. Of course 
the tangible results are the most accur- 
ate refÌéction of the expansion of edu- 
cational and clinical services and in 
the first three months of 1967, 2,759 
loops were inserted, and 210 vasec- 
tomies and 1.375 tubal ligations were 
performed. With further development 
of priority educational programs for 
staff and patients, I anticipate a steady 
increase in the number of patients ac- 
cepting the small family norm and 
planning their families. 
This year. the government has 
placed increased stress on the develop- 
ment of mass communication. Songs 
on family planning and simple educa- 
tional programs are being air
d on All 
India Radio; feature length films are 
readily available. An inverted red tri- 
angle is being widely promoted to in- 
dicate. without need for words, where 
family planning services can be ob- 
tained. All of these mass measures will 
help to augment the vital person-to- 
person approach. 0 


Some 900 Canadians are presently working in Africa, Asia, Latin 
America, and the Caribbean as representatives of CUSO, the 
Canadian University Service Overseas. Almost 100 are qualified 
nurses. For further information about CUSO service abroad, 
diploma and degree nurses should contact the local CUSO 
Committee in care of their nearest university Or write: CUSO, 
151 Slater Sireet, Ottawa 4, Ontario. 


cuse 


,'. 


suce 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 49 



: . t I I I T-;-,' 1 ... I I I j' ,.: 
. ir': oM '"'d':..1 a 
 . 
. ftan, I . II tn' j: 
" ,"Tr
 t ... .!' f I t f II! . , 
1 L ! eo r , 1 ..
t. 
I ,'I. f . . ä1h
 
:.-1- ... ! \; I" t.' !.,j... 


Information about sa"laries paid to nurse 
faculty in Canada has become available, 
for the first time, through a study under- 
taken by the Canadian Nurses' Association 
mid the Dominion Bureau of Statistics. 
The results of the study represent 100% 
of the 2,721 full-time nurse faculty in 
three kinds of programs. who were dis- 
tributed as follows: 292 in provincially 
approved nursing assistant programs; 2.282 
in diploma programs leading to R.N.; and 
147 in university programs of nursing. 
The salaries used for discussion. and 
graphed below, are median annual salaries, 
which dre found for each group by 
arranging all the salaries for that group 
in order of magnitude. and then selecting 
the middle vdlue. Thus, for any particular 
group. there are an equal number of 
salaries above and below the median 
annual salary for that group. 
Although the data reflect salary levels 
as of November, 1965, it is nevertheless 
possible to draw conclusions about relative 
salaries paid to: I. faculty members with 
differing academic preparation; and 2. 
faculty members having the same academic 
preparation and teaching in the three 
different kinds of programs. 


Academic Differentials: In programs for 
nursing assistants, the salary of facult} 
members with baccalaureate degrees was 


Median 
Annual 
Salary 


$11.500 
$11.000 
$10.500 
$10.000 
$9.500 
$9.000 
$8.500 
$8.000 
$7.500 
$7.000 
$6.500 
$6.000 
$5.500 
$5.150 
$5.000 
$4.500 


'>" THF CANAOIAN NURSE 


Does academic 
preparation make cents? 


$920 more than the salary of faculty 
members without degrees. In diploma pro- 
grams, the differential was $655. and in 
university programs. $437. An even more 
dramatic differential was evident at the 
next level of academic qualification. In 
programs for nursing assistants. the salary 
of faculty members with master's degrees 
was $1,850 more than the salary of faculty 
with baccalaureate degrees. In diploma 
programs, the differential was $1.115, while 
in the university programs it was $2,255. 
In university programs. the salary of 
faculty members with doctoral degrees was 
$2,758 more than the salary of facu4ty 
with master's degrees. 
To summarize these academic salary 
differentials. the data show that. by com- 
bining the faculty members of all three 
programs and using as the basis for com- 
parison the median annual salary of the 
faculty members without degrees. an addi- 
tional amount of $699 per year was paid 
to holders of baccalaureate degæes. $2,482 
to those having master's degrees. and $6.394 
to those with doctoral degrees. 


Program Differentials: A startling fact 
becomes evident when median annual 
salaries paid to similarly prepared faculty 
are analyzed by the type of program in 
which they teach. Faculty salaries were 
higher in programs for nursing assistants 


Median Annual Salaries of 
Full-Time Nurse Faculty, 1965 


$6.000 


$6.010 


$6.431 


$5 695 


(

?:J 
...... 
:.:.:.:: 
..
 .:... 


$5.040 
..... 
..... 
..... 
..... 
..... 
..... 
..... 


(tffi
i;; 
-.:- ....-- 


. I 
..... 
.... 
..... 
..... 
..... 
..... 
..... 


:::::.'":.... 






ii:
{ 


No 
Degree 


Baccalaureate 
Degree 


than in diploma programs! This differential 
held true at all levels of academic pre- 
paration. 
For faculty members with baccalaureate 
degrees. the diploma programs paid the 
lowest ($5.695); programs for nursing 
assistants paid $375 more per year; and 
univèrsity programs paid $367 more than 
the nursing assistant programs. At the 
master's degree level, the salary paid in 
diploma programs was again the lowest 
($6,810); nursing assistant programs paid 
$1.110 more per year. and salaries in 
university programs exceeded salaries in 
nursing assistant programs by $772 per 
year. 
These salary differentials among the 
three types of programs assume greater 
importance when it is noted that 84% 
of all faculty members were employed in 
diploma programs. Thus. the programs that 
prepare the greatest proportion of profes- 
sional nurses were paying salaries the least 
likely to attract academically prepared 
faculty. 
The difference between median annual 
salaries paid in nursing assistant and 
diploma programs may be explained by 
the fact 17% of faculty members in nursing 
assistant programs were employed hy 
departments of education. Will we see 
higher saldries in diploma programs as they 
move into departments o'f education? 


Key to Types of Programs: 


I 
$11.450 


$8.692 


:::.-.::: 
.::-::.;:.- 
::;:-:::.;." 
:::: :: 
:/;
:

:t 


;:

:

:
: 

f.
::



 
'.: ,..
: 


fl

{ 
:
:




 
":
:.:::t 
..' ;:.":.:,:. 


t/ {:\?F;.?



D

\


?? d 
University 
Programs 
of Nursing 


Provincially Approved 
Nursing Assistant 
Programs 


11111111111111111111111 
Diploma 
Programs 
Leading to R.N. 


$1.920 


:.:-:::;- 
:...__..; 
.::: .: 
:... ::.: 
.; :::=';"j. 

:./
] 
:..:
:::::. 
.: -..1:: 
:: :!-f:j 
:.:.:::::.: 
:
?::N 
: =.:.= 
: :.:;. 

 ':".;:
 
:::.:-..:
":. 


Source: 
Education Division, 
Dominion Bureau of 
Statistics. and Research 
Unit, Canadian f4urses' 
Association, 1967 


I 
..... 
..... 
..... 


-:.:...:..::.: 
.:..........: 
.
:::
n

 
..::::--:. 
.!
;Jìf 


Master's 
Degree 


Doctoral 
Degree 


NOVEMBER 1967 



dates 


November 7-9, 1967 
9th Annual Meeting Operating Room 
Nurses of Montreal. To be held at 
Skyline Hotel, 6050 Côte de Liesse, 
Montreal, P.Q. 


November 13-14, 1967 
Annual Meeting of the Catholic Hos- 
pital Conference of Saskatchewan. 
Sheraton Cavalier Motor Inn, Saska- 
toon. 


November 13-17, 1967 
Nursing Conference on Patient Be- 
havior, sponsored by Registered Nur- 
ses' Association of Ontario. Inn-on- 
the-Park, 1100 Eglinton Ave. E. To- 
ronto. 


November 15-17, 1967 
Annual Meeting of the Saskatchewan 
Hospital Association, Besborough 
Hotel, Saskatoon. 


November 16-17, 1967 
ANPQ Annual Meeting, Chateau 
Frontenac, Quebec City. 


November 16-20, 1967 
Annual Conference of Adult Educa- 
tion Association of the USA, Philadel- 
phia. 


November 19-25, 1967 
Group Process and Organizational 
Skills Institute, sponsored by the 
Center for Continuing Education, York 
University, in cooperation with the 
Canadian Association for Adult Educa- 
tion. Tuition $150. Location: The 
Talisman Resort, Beaver Valley, On- 
tario. For information write: The 
Center for Continuing Education, Be- 
havioral Sciences Building, 4700 Keele 
Street, Downsview (Toronto), Ontario. 


November 26 - December 1, 1967 
20th Annual Meeting of the World 
Federation for Mental Health, Lima, 
Peru. Theme: "Mental Health in Rapid- 
ly Growing Populations." Inquiries: 
WFMH, 1, rue Gevray, 1201 Geneva, 
Switzerland. 


December 4-6, 1967 
First Canadian Conference on Hospi- 
tal-Medical Staff Relations, sponsored 
jointly by the Canadian Medical As- 
NOVEMBER 1967 


sociation, Canadian Hospital Asso- 
ciation, Canadian Nurses' Association, 
Seigniory Club, Montebello, Quebec 


January 25-27, 1968 
Royal College of Physicians and Sur- 
geons of Canada, annual meeting, 
Royal Alexandra Hotel, Winnipeg, 
Manitoba. 


May, 1968 
Ontario Hospital, Kingston, Nurses' 
Alumnae 1968 Reunion. All interested 
graduates please write Miss Marie 
Peters, Ontario Hospital, Kingston. 


May 13-17, 1968 
St. Boniface General Hospital, St. 
Boniface, Manitoba, class of 1933 
reunion. For further particulars con- 
tact Mrs. Mary (Lauder) Isbell, Nursing 
Service, St. Boniface General Hospital, 
St. Boniface 6, Manitoba. 


June 2-24, 1968 
The seventh annual residential sum- 
mer course on alcohol and addiction, 
co-sponsored by Laurentian University 
and the Addiction Research Founda- 
tion. Admissions controlled to ensure 
balanced representation from all pro- 
fessional levels. Enrolment limited to 
80. Location: Laurentian University, 
Sudbury, Ontario. For information 
write: Summer Course director, Educa- 
tion Division, Addiction Research Foun- 
dation, 344 Bloor Street, W., Toronto 
4, Ontario. 


July 8-12, 1968 
Canadian Nurses' Association General 
Meeting to be held in the Saskatoon 
Centennial Auditorium, Saskatoon, 
Saskatchewan. 


August 25-31, 1968 
5th International Congress of Physical 
Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hotel, 
Montreal, Quebec. Fee: $40 for para- 
medical personnel. For information, 
write: Dr. Bernard Talbot, Secretary 
General, 5th International Congress 
of Physical Medicine, 6300 Darling- 
ton Ave., Montreal, Quebec. 


October 31, 1968 
Fourth Congress of the International 
League of Societies for the Mentally 
Handicapped, Jerusalem, Israel. 


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THE CANADIAN NURSE 51 



books 


.f 



 


The Two Faces of Medicine by Cdrl 
Binger, M.D. 208 page
. Toronto. George 
J. McLeod Limited, 1967. 
Re1'iewed by Mi.u MarRaret A1cllll().\h, 
Lecturer, School of N IIrsillR, Qlleell'.
 
Ullit'ersitv, Killg.
toll, 01llario. 


This book. written by a p
ychiatri
t. is 
directed primarily to members of the med- 
ical profession. It is a collection of addres- 
ses, lectures. and papers presented by Dr. 
Binger over the past twenty years. 
The book doe
 not attempt to define men- 
tal health. but rather tries to explain the 
state of well-being one can attain. The fac- 
tors encountered in the proce
s of living in 
a particular social environment are \imply 
and clearly outlined. 
Through study and experience. the authur 
ha
 developed a deep understanding of the 
human per
onality. The chapters dealing 
with anxiety. psycho
omatic medicine. and 
mental health are particularly good for thi
 
reason and would be of considerdble intere
t 
to nUr
es. 
Read at leisure. the book would provide 
an enjoyable look at the two faces of med- 
icine as they are related to man in hi
 20th 
Century world. 


Communication in Nursing by Thora 
Kron, R.N., B.S. 244 pages. Philadelphia 
and London, W.B. Saunders Co., 1967. 
Reviewed by Mrs. P. Laird, Director of 
Nursing, Burnaby General Hospit(JI, Bur- 
naby, B.C. 


The author states "the quantity and qual- 
ity of patient care are directly affected by 
the effectiveness of the hospital communi- 
cation process." Throughout the text she 
makes many suggestions for the improve- 
ment of communication in hospitals. 
The book is divided into three parts: 
"Elements of Communication," "Communi- 
cation is Your Job," and "Keys to Effective 
Communication." These parts are in turn 
divided into titled chapters, with a Ii
ting of 
the topics discussed. Sections on teaching, 
writing. speaking. leading a meeting. and 
even sign language are included. 
The book emphasizes the three-dimension- 
al aspect of communication: downward, up. 
ward, and horizontal. Also of interest are 
the questions at the end of every chapter 
and the suggestions for further study. 
All levels of nursing personnel would ben- 
efit by this book. As a student text it is 
excellent; nurses should learn very early in 
their ba
ic educational program the value 
of good communication in patient care. 
52 THE CANADiAN NURS!: 


Nutrition by Ruth Brennan. 271 pages. Du- 
buque. Iowa. Wm. C. Brown, Company, 
1967. 
Re1'iewed hy Miss Loui.
e Comeau, Teach- 
ing Dietitian, The M01llreal Gelleral Hos- 
pital, M01llreal, P.Q. 


This i
 a reference text for dietitians. nu- 
tritionists. nurses. students. and teachers. It 
contains a variety of articles on nutrition 
and diet therapy by :!R contributors. all res- 
rected authorities in nutrition and medicine. 
The book is divided into three sections. 
The first deals with general nutrition. cul- 
tural and social factors in nutrition. and 
world nutritional problems. It includes a re- 
view of the principles of general optimum 
nutrition and their application in promoting 
he,llth. It acquaints the reader with some of 
the nutritional problems encountered in 
American society, as well as in other parts 
of the world where economic conditions and 
cultural practices are quite different. 
The second section is devoted to nutntion 
in the lite cycle and is concerned with the 
feeding problems of various age groups. The 
third sectIOn covers several aspects of diet 
therapy in the treatment of major conditions 
requiring dietary modifications, such as 
obesity, atherosclerosis. and chronic renal 
failure. 
The booJ.. is comprehensive; each article 
is concise. informative. and accompanied by 
an extensive bibliography. The need for the 
dietitidn. the nurse. and other professional 
health workers to undep,tand both the 
disease and the patient is made evident in 
the readings. 


The First Fifty Years - Saskatche- 
wan Registered Nurses' Association 
by Marguerite E. Robinson. 220 pages. 
Regina. Saskatchewan Registered Nurses' 
Association. 1967. 


Readers of this history will acclaim the 
words of Jean E. Brown Thom
on. the writer 
of it
 foreward: "It is always a good thing 
to keep one's eye on the present and future, 
but it is folly to ignore the past. As in 
the life of an individual. so in the life 
of an organization. origins are important:. 
The publication of its history by SRNA is 
an appropriate project for C ,mada's centen- 
nial year. Its timeliness is commendable. 
Impre
sive research hds given the publi- 
cation a factual nchness; however, its his- 
torical merits have been impaired by the 
omi\
ion of preci
e footnote referencing and 
bibliography. The clarity dnd con
istency of 
the bouJ.. are impaired by its repctitivene
s. 


In 


The story of nursing education. for exam- 
ple, would have been told more clearly and 
perhaps dramatically. if it had not been in- 
terspersed throughout the book. 
However, the value of the book outweighs 
its faults. Future students. historians and so- 
ciologists will be grateful to the Associa- 
tion for the foresight that prompted the pub- 
lication of The First Fifty Years. But still 
greater will be the respect and inspiration it 
gives to the selected few into whose keeping 
the direction of the Saskatchewan Registered 
Nurses' Association will be entrusted in 
future. 


,t) 


.II 


," 
.. 



 


Public Health Nursing for the Sick at 
Home: A Descriptive Study by Visit- 
ing Nurse Service of New York. Jane 
Holliday, Ed.D.. Project Director. 228 
pages. New York, Visiting Nurse Service 
of New York. 
Reviewed by Miss H. Eli;:.abeth Cawsum, 
Assistallt Professor, School of NursinR, 
Unil'er.
ity of Briti
h Columhia, Vall- 
COlll'er, B.C. 


This book is the report of a study under- 
taken to apply the research process to the 
utilization of visiting nurses to care for the 
sick at home. It was anticipated that the 
findings might furnish insight "for designing 
an experimental program that would at- 
tempt to utilize optimally the skills of 
available nurses." Since the quantity and 
variety of patients requiring nursing care 
in their homes steadily increases. while 
available personnel decreases, the rationale 
for such a study appears sound. 
This study, descriptive in design. sought 
information in specific areas concerned with 
staff utilization from three sub-populations 
of the Visiting Nurse Service of New YorJ... 
These were field staff nurses, patients, and 
human resources (family members. friends, 
etc.). Several different educational back- 
grounds are reflected in the findings. Tools 
included a field staff nurse questionnaire, a 
patient interview guide, and a human re- 
source interview guide. Each of these instru- 
ments was pretested in an attempt to estab- 
lish reliability, although one might question 
the rather limited pretesting done. Follow- 
ing collection of the data. proces
ing and 
tabulation were undertaken by the Bureau 
of Applied Research, Columbia University. 
Details of methodology, including the 
sampling procedures, sources of data. data 
collection, and data proce
sing are included 
in P,lrt I of the study report. 
Part II deals extensively with the charac- 
teristics and opinions of the nur\e re\pon- 
NOVEMBER 1967 



jents, from which emerges a group picture 
:>f backgrounds, professional aspirations, 
preferences in regard to types of patients, 
:Jpinions in certain psycho-social areas, and 
a few facets of the nurse's self-image. 
Questionnaires were analyzed in terms of 
educational and professional backgrounds 
and personal attitudes and opinions, and 
took into consideration both study variables 
and the discrete variables of age, length of 
employment, and geographical background. 
Data are presented in tabular form and 
comparisons drawn on a percentage basis. 
Although much of the data elicited was 
subjective in nature, one wonders if validity 
might have been better ensured by the use 
of more sophisticated statistical techniques. 
Part III presents a similar type of anal- 
ysis of the characteristics and opinions of 
patients and human resources. Patient in- 
terviews were stratified as to those with 
or without correlate human resource inter- 
views. The chi-square method of testing 
for significant difference was employed in 
analyzing the dichotomized data. The re- 
maining data were tabulated and percent- 
age comparison made. This section of the 
study is lengthy and somewhat difficult to 
follow with sustained interest. although 
tables are well explained and interpreted. 
and conclusions are drawn with clarity. Sel- 
ected excerpts of respondents' replies that 
explain their bases of reasoning help to 
minimize what would otherwise be rather 
tedious reading. 
In the final section of the study, broad 
conclusions are made and recommendations 
advanced that are intended to be applicable 
to the Visiting Nurse Service of New York. 
Although the recommendations are specific 
to this agency, many of them should have 
meaningful implications for public health 
nursing practice in other areas. It will 
come as no surprise to public health nurses 
that the nurse respondents reiterated some 
old familiar tunes, such as "more time is 
needed for rehabilitative care," and "too 
much time is spent with active patients who 
are capable of self-care." Lack of recog- 
nition of the potential of both human re- 
sources and nonprofessional nurses to as- 
sume much more of the less intricate care 
functions was evident in the nurse respon- 
dent group. This once more points out the 
continuing need for public health agencies 
to study how their present staff nurses 
might be better utilized. 
This report should be of particular in- 
terest to graduate students in nursing who 
are involved in research projects, but there 
are also implications for professional staff 
in both the service and educational areas 
of public health nursing. 


WHO Expert Committee on Nursing, 
Fifth Report. 32 pages. Geneva, World 
Health Organization, 1966. Available from 
Queen's Printer. Ottawa. 
Reviewed by Miss Frances Howard, COII- 


NOVEMBER 1967 


sultant, Nursillg Service, Canadiall Nurses' 
Associatioll. 


of nursing personnel. differentiated by 
education and function. The Committee 
recognizes that there will be variations in 
the proportions of personnel in each 
cdtegory from country to country. A nucleus 
of nurses prepared at the highest level is 
recommended as essential in providing 
responsible leadership. Limiting nursing 
personnel to no more than three groups 
will prevenl further fragmenlation of nurs- 
ing care. The Expert Committee believes 
that the system can be developed generally. 
The responsibilities of the different grades 
of personnel are described. providing a 
foundation on which to build a nursing 
service program. 


The World Health Organization Expert 
Committee on Nursing, in its fifth report, 
has maintained the Organization's reputa- 
tion in its expert consideration of problems 
facing the world today and in the future. 
It is difficult to set guidelines for action 
in a world community constituted of many 
and varied social, cultural. and economic 
patterns. The Committee has, however, 
developed a plan of action for the provision 
of nursing services designed to meet the 
needs of all countries. 
The report recommends three categories 


From Collier-Macmillan- NEW BOOKS 


At last, a book on an important, long-neglected subject 
The Nurse and the Dying Patient 
by Jeanne C. Quint, University of California $7.70 
Even early in their careers nurses may have to care for a dying 
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lines to the curricula changes needed to help them in their en- 
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and physical needs of the dying patient. 
A new edition of a best-selling textbook 
Proudfit-Robinson's Normal and 
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by Corrine H. Robinson, Drexel Institute of Technology $9.10 
An extensive revision and reorganization with new or up dated 
chapters, tables, appendices and references, plus a revised recipe 
section. 


A book on Statistics written especially for nurses 
Statistics for Nurses: The Evaluation 
of Quantitative Information 
by Jeanne S. Phillips and Richard F. Thompson, University of 
Oregon $10.00 
This book helps nurses understand the applications of statistics, 
learn the techniques needed to evaluate research reports and to 
formulate problems for statistical analysis. Examples used relate 
to clinical nursing. 
Statistics for Nurses: The Evaluation 
of Quantitative Information 
by Jeanne S. Phillips and Richard F. Thompson, University of 
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This book helps nurses understand the applications of statistics, 
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 53 



books 


Discussion on nursing education is lim- 
ited to the preparation of the nurse, the 
practitioner defined by the International 
Council of Nurses as giving "the most 
responsible service of a nursing nature." 
The report includes guidelines for the 
development of basic, postbasic, post- 
graduate, and continuing educational pro- 
grams for nursing. 
"A research minded profession can be a 
powerful instrument for improving nur
ing 
service in harmony with the changing needs 
of society." These words conclude a section 
of the report describing the role of research 
in nursing education. service. and practice. 


The Macmillan Dictionary for Practi- 
cal and Vocational Nurses, edited by 
Grace E. Fitch, R.N., M.S. and Mary 
Jane Dubiny, R.N.. B.S. 308 pages. New 
York, The Macmillan Company, 1966. 


Reviewed by Mrs. Sandra Fast, B.Sc.N., 
1n.5tructor, Central School for Practical 
Nurses, Winnipeg. 


This first edition dictionary bears out the 
authors' purpose of providing a reference 


dictionary for practical nurses. The terms 
and definitions are kept within the range 
of material needed by the nursing student 
of this level. Explanations are brief and 
clear and expressed in simple terms that 
provide the information a practical nurse re- 
quires. Diagrams are well executed, ad- 
equate in number, and add to the useful- 
ness and general interest of the book. 
The section of appendices covers many 
areas of information of interest to the 
practical nurse. Appendix I, the statement 
of functions of the licensed practical nurse. 
describes the most widely accepted and un- 
derstood areas of competence prescribed by 
law and the nursing profession without 
reference to local or national customs or 
variations that might confuse the student. 
Appendix III, on drugs, is especially 
good. It is up to date in content, and scien- 
tific words are described in simple term- 
inology. The same may be said of the ap- 
pendices on anatomy and communicable 
diseases. 
On the whole, this reference dictionary 
would be useful for the student and prac- 
titioner of practical nursing. 


Diagnostic Microbiology by W. Robert 
Bailey, Ph.D. and Elvyn G. Scolt. M.S., 
M.T. (ASCP). 342 pages. Saint Louis. 
Mosby, 1966. 
Reviewed by Mrs. Patricia Stretch, Clin- 
ical Supervisor, Isolation, University of 


Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta. 


As suggested by the title, the book con- 
centrates on the laboratory diagnosis of 
microorganisms only and is not a general 
microbiology text. It is more detailed and 
complete than that required for student 
nurses studying microbiology or bacteriol- 
ogy, but it would be an excellent reference 
for a student to have available in her lib- 
rary, as well as a good reference for nurs- 
ing instructors in areas associated with mi- 
crobiology. Its 10 parts cover such topics 
as classification of the plant kingdom, 
viruses and rickettsiae, and fungi. 
The authors are knowledgable in their 
subject. W. Robert Bailey is professor of 
biological sciences, University of Delaware, 
Newark, Delaware; and Elvyn G. Scott 
is bacteriologist-in-charge. department of 
bacteriology. and consultant of the pyelone- 
phritis clinic, Delaware Division. and con- 
sultant in bacteriology. 
The format is well organized, with fre- 
quent sub-headings. There is reference ma- 
terial listed at the conclusion of each chap- 
ter, but much of this material is American 
and would be difficult to obtain. However, 
the text is as complete as necessary for use 
by nurses and additional reference material 
would be superfluous. The book lacks a 
glossary and illustrations, which would 
make it a more valuable reference for 
both student and instructor. 


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dry Or with topical medication on central 
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indigestion. And Tums are the best way 
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54 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


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NOVEMBER 1967 



books 


A Bibliography and Reference Guide 
for Occupational Health Nurses in 
Canada by the Department of National 
Health and Welfare. 23 pages. Ottawa, 
Queen's Printer, 1967. 


This gUIde is the revised version of A 
Referellce Halldbook for Occupatiollal 
Health Nurses first prepared in 1960. It 
provides a select listing of health publica- 
tions grouped under major headings. There 
has been no attempt to list short papers 
and articles pertaining to occupational 
health nursing. Instead, journals and other 
sources of continuing information have been 
incl uded. 
For the 1967 version, many occupational 
health nurses across Canada reviewed the 
draft and made suggestions that have res- 
ulted in this publication. Suggestions made 
only once could not be included, but the 
publication will be revised periodically. 


A Handbook of Pediatrics for Nurses 
in General Training, 3d. ed., by Q. M. 
Jackson, D.N. (Lond.) 108 pages. H. K. 
Lewis & Co. Ltd., London, England. 
Reviewed by Miss J. PaTllel/, Clillical 
Illstructor, The Childrell's Hospital of 
WillllipeR, Willllipeg, Mallitoba. 


As the title implies, the author aims to 
provide a textbook in pediatrics for nurses. 
She states in the preface that the book is 
written for student nurses and retired nur- 
ses returning to the field. 
The text is designed for nursing m Eng- 
land and most methods outlined differ from 
the methods with which we have become 
familiar in Canada. Also hindering its value 
as a student text is the detailed description 
of specifics, rather than their underlying 
priñciples. Statements often are made with- 
out the scientific reason behind them. 
The limited depth of the content of this 
text makes its value to Canadian schools 
of nursing doubtful. 


A Nurses' Guide to Anaesthetics, 
Resuscitation and Intensive Care, 
3d ed., by Walter Norris, M.D.. F.F.A.R. 
C.S., and Donald Campbell. M.B.. Ch.B., 
F.F.A.R.C.S.. D.A. 151 pages. E. & S. 
Livingstone Ltd., Edinburgh and London, 
1967. 
Re\'iewed by Miss Mary Ellis, SlIper- 
\.isor of Inservice Educatioll, Queell 
Elizabeth Hospital, MOlltreal, Qllebec. 


This book was written for student nurses 
by two Scottish anesthetists in 1964 to ex- 
plain the effect of present day anesthetics 
on the nursing care of the patient. In this 
third edition. the authors have revised 
many of their original chapters and have 
brought the book up to date. 


There is much material that would in- 
evitably overlap with other nursing texts 
presently in use in Canada. Preoperative 
care is described in great detail. Three 
illustrations show how patients should not 
be placed on carriers (one of which shows 
the head entirely unsupported). The tone 
of this section makes one wonder for what 
level of intelligence the book W.lS intended. 
The description of anesthetic agents and 
their actions and use of equipment in the 
intensive care unit is complete. 
As an addition to a school of nursing 
library, the beginning chapters of this book 
can be recommended for additional reading 
for reinforcement. It could be helpful in 
providing some new material for students 
regarding resuscitation and use of equip- 
ment in intensive care units. 


Medical Terminology, 2d. ed., by Gene- 
vieve Love Smith and Phyllis E. Davis. 
289 pages. John Wiley & Sons, New 
York, 1967. 
Ret'iewed by Mn. Jeall Bllrrows, IlI.ftruc- 
tor, School of Nursillg, St. Boniface Gell- 
eral Hospital, St. BOlliface, Mallitoba. 


This programed text is mtended for 
those studying the medical or paramedical 
fields. The authors indicate that it also 
could be used by persons in the business 
world or the armed forces in frequent con- 
tact with the world of medicine. A high 


, 


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They have liked it for three thousand years 
and still do. If you'd like to know more about 
sugar send for an illustrated copy of our 
brochure, 'The Story of Sugar": 


408 Car. 


NOVEMBER 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 55 



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56 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


books 


school education is the only prerequisite 
for the course. 
The actual value of this book would be 
to medical secretaries and librarians who 
require much of this vocabulary with a 
limited understanding of its meaning. The 
nurse would find less use for much of the 
technical medical vocabulary, since she re- 
quires a deeper knowledge of the meaning 
of the terms she uses. 
The introductory portion includes frames 
on th
 use of the program. the word build- 
ing system. and the methods of studying the 
medical terminology. The authors suggest 
a 30-hour course. and the remainder of the 
book sets out 30 suggested assignments. 
One section that would be beneficial to 
the nursing student is the section on the 
word-building system. If she utilized the 
basic principles outlined, she should be 
able to deduce the meaning of many of the 
medical terms she will meet. 
The authors suggest to the teacher that 
the frames be assigned as homework, and 
that class time be utilized for practice in 
pronouncing the words correctly and ques- 
tions and discussion about the material 
previously covered. A series of eight criter- 
ion tests and the final examination used 
in the couse are available from the pub- 
lisher, as an additional aid. 


Foundations of Pediatric Nursing 
by Violet Broadribb, R.N.. M.S. 573 
pages. J_B. Lippincott Co., Toronto. 
Reviewed by Miss Barbara Burke, Assist- 
allt to the Director of Nursin/? Educatioll, 
LakesllOre General Hmpital, Montreal, 
P.Q. 


The author has provided the nursing 
profession with a valuable reference book. 
In it she endeavors to focus the reader's 
attention on the total environment of the 
child rather than on specific disease-orient- 
ed nursing. As the title implies, the book 
provides a broad foundation of knowledge 
to guide the student and graduate nurse 
toward a fuller understanding of the child 
and his needs. 
The book is divided into eight units. 
The introduction contains an interesting 
summary of the history of pediatric nursing, 
which aids the nurse in understanding pre- 
sent concepts of nursing. and stimulates 
her to develop concepts for the future. Two 
chapters of particular interest in the in- 
troduction are a description of the play 
program and observations of a sick child. 
Units two to seven describe the child, 
his development and specific diseases from 
the prenatal period. Each unit is clear 
concise, and well-organized with many 
photographs and diagrams throughout. 


Unit eight is quite unique for a pedia- 
tric text. The author presents a picture of 
children throughout the world, bringing to 
pediatric nursing the universal aspect so 
important in this world of migrating people. 
In her preface the author states "This 
book is written with a realization of the 
nurse's need to develop a broad and deep 
perspective of the meaning of nursing 
children." She has attain::d her objective. 


ANA Clinical Sessions, American 
Nurses' Association, 1966. 272 pages. 
New York. Appleton-Century-Crofts, Div- 
isions of Meredith Publishing Co., 1967. 
Reviewed by Miss Jean R. Godard, As- 
sistant Professor, Medical-Surgical Nurs- 
in/? School for Graduate Nurses, Mont- 
real, Quebec. 


This collection of papers from the 1966 
Clinical Sessions of the American Nurses' 
Association represents an attempt to assist 
the nurse to improve the quality of her 
nursing care through a wider dissemination 
of new and evolving knowledge in the social 
sciences. Nursing experiences of many ex- 
perts are presented and analyzed. In the 
10 sessions and five clinics reported, dis- 
cussions concern the behavior of people 
under social pressure from their environ- 
ment. Barriers to communication, approach- 
es to problem patients, preparation of nurs- 
ing diagnoses, clinical nursing problems, 
community health, and education are topics 
that come under consideration. 
This book would be a useful adjunct to 
the library of those interested in a more 
scientific approach to nursing care. II is 
illustrative of the increasing complexity of 
the knowledge of man and his relationships 
that is so vital to the professional nurse 
today. The readability of these papers 
should also make them useful to the teach- 
er of nursing as source material for study 
and discussion. 


Issues in Nursin
 by Bonnie Bullough, 
R.N., M.S., and Vern Bullough, Ph.D. 
278 pages. New York, Springer Publish- 
ing Company, Inc., 1966. 
Reviewed by Miss Helen Cummings, In- 
structor, School of Nursin/? Hospital for 
Sick Children, Toronto. Ontario. 


As the title indicates, this book is a com- 
posite of selected articles and papers writ- 
ten during the past years on the changes 
in nursing. The material has been written 
by nurses with a wide variety of back- 
grounds and experience, by sociologists, and 
by doctors. Reports by groups in research 
fields and government studies also are in- 
cluded. 
The five main section headings - Educa- 
tion of Nurses, Nursing as a Profession, 
The Nursing Role, Economic Problems of 
the Profession, and Patient Centered Care 
NOVEMBER 1967 



Next Month 
in 


The 
Canadian 
Nurse 


. homosexuality among women 


. attitudes toward dying patients 


. conception control 10 family, 
planning 


o 

 


Photo credits for 
November 


Newton, Ottawa, p. 12 


Evangelos Photography, 
Vancouver, pp. 30, 31 


Rapid, Grip and Batten, Ltd., 
cover and pp. 37, 39,40,41 


Gaby, p. 38 


Dominion-Wide, p. 42, 43 


Department of Family Planning, 
Government of India, 
pp. 46, 48., 49 


NOVEMBER 1967 


books 


_ all indicate areas of concern to nurses. 
Many of the articles already have been 
pUblished in nursing journals, but now com- 
bined into one book, they provide an op. 
portunity for study and for better under- 
standing of various points of view on cur- 
rent issues in nursing. The careful selection 
and editing of the book make it an excel- 
lent source of reference for a variety of 
material. 
This book could prove to be interesting 
and meaningful to any nurse. It would be 
a good reference text for senior nursing 
students concerned with trends in nursing, 
as well as for graduate nurses who may be 
preparing material for workshops or dis- 
cussion groups. 


The Psychology of the Sickbed by I.H. 
van den Berg, Ph.D.. M.D. 136 pages. 
Pittsburgh, Pa., Duquesne University 
Press. 1966. 
Reviewed by Miss H. LeFeul're, Director 
of Nursing, James Paton Memorial Hos- 
pital, Gander, Newfoundland. 


In this textbook the writer gives a clear, 
concise explanation of the thoughts, feelings 
and problems of the sick and discusses, from 
the patient's point of view. the emotional 
problems that may arise as a result of any 
illness. 
The book is divided into five sections. 
The first section deals with the meaning of 
being ill and with the problems disturbing 
the patient as he endeavors to adjust to the 
changes in the pattern of ordinary, everyday 
things around him. 
The author discusses the altitude and 
behavior of visitors and the patient's feelings 
toward visitors as well as the relationship 
between the patient and physician. Although 
he does not treat nurse-patient contacts. he 
contends that the nurse has a very definite 
role in the life of the patient. 
This 136-page book is easily read. II 
should make interesting and worthwhile 
reading, not only for those directly concern- 
ed with the care of the sick but also for the 
general public. This book would be valuable 
to student nurses and may help them to 
become more understanding of patient need
. 


A handbook and charting manual for 
student nurses, 4th ed., by Alice L. 
Price, R.N., M.A. 21 I pages. The C.V. 
Mosby Co., Saint Louis. 1967. 
Reviewed by Mr. C. O'Connor, Instruc- 
tor, The General Hospital of Port Ar- 
thur, Port Arthur, Omario. 


The purpose of this instructive book is 
to help student nurses to improve their 
arithmetic, spelling, vocabulary, reading, 


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THE CANADIAN NURSE 57 



books 


study habits, personal appearance and at- 
titudes. handwriting. printing. and chart- 
ing. The material is well presented, clearly 
written, and covered competently and thor- 
oughly. 
The book is designed so that the student 
who needs help with speaking, reading, and 
writing intelligently can work on these 
areas, evaluate her needs, and progress 
with minimum dependence on her instruc- 
tors. In this way valuable classroom time 
does not have to be devoted to material that 
should have been mastered in high school. 
The book also can be used as a supplement 
to basic lectures in pharmacology, funda- 
mentals of nursing, and professional ad- 
ju
tments. 
An interesting feature of the text is 
that it contains arithmetic, spelling, and 
vocabulary tests that can be given to appli- 
cants to schools of nursing during the 
initial interview. If prospective students 
discover weaknesses in their knowledge, 
they can use the book before entering 
the school and improve their chances of 
succeeding in the nursing course ahead. 
The author seems to have achieved her 
purpose. Teachers responsible for guiding 
and counseling beginning students should 
find it hel pful. 


films 


CNA Film "Vigil" 
Television coverage for the recruitment 
film prepared by the Canadian Nurses' As- 
sociation is being handled by Modern Talk- 
ing Picture Services, Toronto. With the six 
prints given to them, they estimate eight to 
ten telecasts per print per year, or an over- 
all estimate of 60 telecasts each year. The 
estimated viewing audience is approximately 
30,000. 
Plans are also underway to place four 
additional prints with them for release to 
community audiences. In this instance, 15 to 
18 bookings per print are anticipated, with 
an average viewing audience of about 80 
people. This provides approximately 60 to 
68 showings each year, with a total au- 
dience of about 5,000 people. 
The CNA Library will supply prints for 
nursing audiences. 


Leprosy 
The Name of the Cloud Is Ignorance is 
an 18-minute, black-and-white film showing 
the work being done in India and elsewhere 
to control and eventually to eradicate lep- 
rosy. Treatment of the disease and cure 
58 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


of even advanced cases is ponrayed. 
The film would be of interest to schools 
of nursing as an extra film on communicable 
disease or on world health problems and to 
nursing chapters. It is suitable for adult 
audiences only. 
It has been reviewed and is recommended 
by the Film Committee of the Overseas In- 
stitute of Canada. Persons interested in using 
the film are advised to try local sources (li- 
braries, universities, departments of educa- 
tion) first. The film is also available from 
the Canadian Film Institute, 1762 Carling 
Ave., Ottawa; a service charge is made for 
this service. 


Metabolic Disorders 
Three new films on metabolic disorders 
- with special emphasis on diabetes - re- 
cently have been added to the library of the 
Pfizer Company Limited, 50 Place Crema- 
zie, Montreal II, Quebec. These films may 
be borrowed by medical or nursing organ- 
izations. 
Metabolic Abnormalities is a 22-minute 
black-
nd-white film showing a panel presen- 
tation on international developments in clin- 
ical and experimental research into the un- 
derlying mechanisms of diabetes. This film 
should be screened before use as a teach- 
ing film for nursing students. 
Treatment of Diabetes also is shown as a 
panel presentation. The treatment of dia- 
betes is seen as a tripod of management, 
with diet, exercise, and medication used in 
the proper balance. The current status of 
oral therapy and insulin management is re- 
viewed in depth. 
Vascular Complications of Diabetes is a 
film primarily for medical audiences. It dis- 
cusses the nature of vascular complications 
of diabetes and some of the research pro- 
grams that are being carried on in this area. 


accession list 


Publications in this list of material 
received recently in the CNA library are 
shown in language of source. The majority 
(reference material and theses, indicated by 
R excepted) may be borrowed by CN A 
members, and by libraries of hospitals and 
schools of nursing and other institutions. 
Requests for loans should be made on the 
"Request Form for Accession List" (page 
59) and should be addressed to: The 
Library, Canadian Nurses' Association, 50 
The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario. 


BOOKS AND DOCUMENTS 
I. The age of automation by Leon Bagrit. 
Hardmondsworth, Penguin Books, cl965. 
92p. 
2. Au service de l'esprit; une étude des 
sen'ices psychiatriques au Canada par J. S. 


Tyhurst et autres. lère éd. Montréal, Asso- 
ciation Canadienne pour la Santé mentale, 
Division du Québec, 1966. 
3. Book of reports, NSNA convelllion 
1965-1967. New York, National Student 
Nurses' Association. 3v. 
4. Centennial Nursing In {tit ute 011 Res- 
piratory Diseases, April 21, 1967, Ottawa. 
Report. Ottawa, Canadian Tuberculosis As- 
sociation, 1967. Iv. 
5. Changing patterns of higher education 
in Canada. Edited by Robin S. Harris. To- 
ronto, University of Toronto Press for the 
Ontario College of Education, c1966. 106p. 
6. The circle back. New York, Nursing 
Advisory Service on Tuberculosis and Other 
Respiratory Diseases of the National Tuber- 
culosis Association and the National League 
for Nursing. 1967. Illp. 
7. Folio of reports and proceedings; 53rd 
annual meeting, June 8-9, 1967. Winnipeg, 
Manitoba Association of Registered Nurses, 
1967. 52p. 
8. The foundation directory. 3d. Edited 
by Marianna O. Lewis. New York, Russell 
Sage Foundation, 1967. I I 98p. R 
9. Foundations 20 viewpoints. Significant 
papers selected from Foundation News, 
Bulletin of Centre. Edited by F. Emerson 
Andrews. New York, Russell Sage Founda- 
tion. 1965. 108p. 
10. A history of the International Coun- 
cil of Nurses 1899-1964; the first sixty-five 
years by Daisy Caroline Bridges. Philadel- 
phia, Lippincott, cl967. 254p. 
II. The intensive therapy unit and the 
nurse by Eric K. Gardner and Brenda Shel- 
ton. London, Faber, 1967. 162p. 
12. Le nursing psychiatrique par Irma 
Butz et Diane Tremblay. Montréal, Renou- 
veau Pédagogique, 1966. 205p. 
13. Précis de pratique médicale par A. 
Molinier, C. Pédoya et L. Tabusse. Paris, 
Doin, 1963. 1350p. 
14. The Rockefeller Foundation annual 
report for 1966. New York, 1967. 246p. 
15. The story of modern medicine by 
Lawrence Rosenberg and Nancy Rosenberg. 
New York, Norton, c1966. Illp. 
16. The two faces of medicine by Carl 
Binger. 1st ed. New York, Norton, c1967. 
208p. 
17. Urologie par Jean-Claude Fortier. Re- 
visé par Noel Versehelden. Ottawa, Re- 
nouveau Pédagogique, 1966. 46p. 


PAMPHLETS 
18. Are we preparing licensed practical 
nurses to meet community needs? Papers 
presented at the sixth Conference of the 
Council of Member Agencies . . . New 
York City, May 6-7, 1967. New York, Na- 
tional League for Nursing, Dept. of Prac- 
tical Nursing Programs, 1967. 19p. 
19. The CMA in action. Toronto, Cana- 
dian Medical Association, 1966. 22p. 
20. The media explosion hits higher edu- 
cation. Reprint. Toronto, Canadian Univer- 
sity, vol. 2, no. 2. Marchi April 1967. 
NOVEMBER 1967 



accession list 


21. L'infirmière auxiliaire; aperçu de lé- 
gislation sanitaire comparée. Genève. Orga- 
nisation Mondiale de la Santé, 1966. 39p. 
22. Statements on the recommendalions 
of the report of the Minister of Health's 
Committee on the supply of nurses. Win- 
nipeg, Manitoba Association of Registered 
Nurses, 1967. 


GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS 
Canada 
23. Dominion Bureau of Statistics. Hos- 
pital morbidity. Ottawa, Queen's Printer, 
1967. 123p. 
24. Hospital statistics; v.6. Hospital ex- 
penditures 1965. Ottawa. Queen's Printer. 
1967. 117p. 
25. Hospital statÜtics: v.5. Hospital rev- 
enues 1965. Ottawa, Queen's Printer, 1967. 
43p. 
British Columbia 
26. Dept. of Health Services and Hos- 
pital Insurance. Se,'entieth annual report of 
public health services for the year ended 
December 31, 1966. Victoria, 1967. 74p. 
New Brunswick 
27. Medical School Suney Committee. 
Report. Fredericton. 1967. 154p. 
United States 
28. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel- 


fare. Characteristics of persons with diabetes, 
United States, July 1964 - June 1965. 
Washington, 1967. 44p. 
29. Prevalence of chronic conditions and 
impairmellts among residents of nursing 
and personal care homes United States. 
May-June 1964. Washington, 1967. 36p. 
30. Dept. of Labor. Bureau of Labor 
Statistics. Industry wage sun'ey. Hospitals 
July 1966. Washington. U.S. Gov't. Print. 
Off., 1967. 107p. 


STUDIES IN CNA REPOSITORY COLLECTION 
31. The association between information 
gÏ\'en to patiellts prior to a diagnostic proce- 
dure and the patiellt.f' adaptatIOn to the 
procedure by Swarna Lecamwasam. Mon- 
treal, 1967. 56p. Thesis (M.Sc.(App.)) - 
McGill. R 
32. Factors influencing the creatiun of a 
research climate in 1II1Î,'ersity nursing 
cllOuls 
by Janetta MacPhail. Ann Arbor, 1966. 
353p. Thesis - Michigan. R 
33. The obsenational process in nursing; 
the collection of information, and its utiliza- 
tion in making a nur.fing assessmellt and 
planning for patient care by Beatrice Sal- 
mon. Montreal. 1967. 66p. Thesis (M.Sc. 
(App.)) - McGill. R 
34. The relation between presence of 
mothers with their hmpitalized children and 
children's recO\'ery after tonfillectomy by 
Stella Shonola-Shoyinka. Montreal. 1967. 
32p. Thesis (M.Sc.(App.)) - McGill. R 


Request Form 
for "Accession List" 


35. A study of the relation of "fit" illto 
the role system of a hospital school of nurs- 
ing and withdrawal from the school of nurs- 
inl: by Dorothy J. Taylor. Montreal, 1967. 
43p. Thesis (M.Sc.(App.)) - McGill. R 
36. A study of the relationships amonl: 
selected educational emluations in schools 
of nursing and performance on licensure 
examinations by Barbara G. Kuhn. Mon- 
treal. 1967. 60p. Thesis (M.Sc.(App.)) - 
McGill. R. 
37. A study of the relationship between a 
nurse's knowledge of physiological principles 
and her performance of a specific technical 
procedure by Jane E. Henderson. Montreal, 
1967. Thesis (M.Sc.(App.)) - McGill. R 
38. A study to determine chanl:e in both 
the student's higher level general ,'alues and 
her lower level specific values, during a psy- 
chiatric nuning experience by Mary Reidy. 
Montreal, 1967. 60p. Thesis (M.Sc.(App.)) 
- McGill. R 
39. A study to examine the relationships 
between the cungruencv among the expecta- 
tions held by the head nurse, the medical 
officer and the staff nunes for the role of 
the head nurse and the acceptance of the 
role by Olivette Gareau. Montreal, 1967. Iv., 
69p. Thesis (M.Sc.(App.)) - McGill. R 
40. Whom do nursing students perceive 
as important in giving reward for their nurs- 
ing action? by Patricia S.B. Anderson. Mont- 
real, 1967. 161 p. Thesis (M .Sc.(App.)) 
McGill. R 0 


A VA/LADLE SOON! 


CANADIAN NURSES' 
ASSOCIATION LIBRARY 


REPORT OF THE INQUIRY COMMISSION 
ON HEALTH AND SOCIAL WELFARE 
(CASTONGUAY REPORT) 


Send this coupon or facsimile to: 
LIBRARIAN, Canadian Nurses' Association, 
50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario. 
Please lend me the following publications, listed in the 
.... .. ...... issue of The Canadian Nurse, 
or add my name to the waiting list to receive them when 
available. 
Item Author Short title (for identification) 
No. 


Volume I -Health Insurance 
Volume II-Interns and Residents 


$2.50 
$1.00 


WATCH FOR THE ENGLISH-LANGUAGE VERSIONS, 
now in preparation. French-language editions are already 
on sale at the Commission's offices, 360 McGill Street, 
Montréal and at the office of the Queen's Printer, Parliament 
Buildings, Québec. 


Request for loans will be filled in order of receipt. 
Reference and restricted material must be used in the 
CNA library. 
Borrower 
Registration No. 
Position .. 


Address .... 


Date of request 


Each order must be accompanied by a money order or 
certified cheque, payable to the Minister of Finance. 


THE QU
BEC DEPARTMENT 
OF HEALTH AND WELFARE 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 59 


NOVEMBER 1967 


cþ 



I 
r 


classified advertisements 


ALBERTA 


Registered Nurses required for a 51-bed active 
treatment hospital, situated in east central Alberta. 
Salary range from $400 to $460 commensurate with 
experience. Full maintenance in new nurses' resid
 
encs for $40 per month, sick leave and pension 
benefits available, 4O-hour work week, 21 days plus 
statutory holidays after the first year, and 28 days 
plus statutory holidays after five years. For further 
information kindly contact: W.N. Saranchuk, Admin- 
istrator, Elk Point, Municipal Hospital, Elk Point, 
Alberta. 1-34-1 
Registered Nurses WANTED for a 30-bed hospital 
located on highway 12, east central Alberta. 
Salary and personnel policies as per AARN. Apply 
to the Director of Nursing, Our Lady of the Rosary 
Hospital, Castor, Alberta. 
Regist..ed Nun.. required for the Peace River 
Municipal Hospital. Salary $390 - $465. Credit for 
past experience as recommended by AARN. New 
Hospital and nurses' residence. Apply to: Miss Jean 
Glencross, R.N., Director of Nursing, Peace River, 
Alberta. 
Registered Nurse required for 34-bed general has. 
pital. Salary range $380. to $450. Recognition for 
past experience. Liberal fringe benefits. Accommo
 
dation in residence. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Tofield Municipal Hospital, Tofield, Alberta. 
Registered Nurses for General Duty in a 32-bed 
hospital. Board and Room $40.00 per month. Salary 
range $390.00 to $475.00. For further information 
contact: The Director of Nursing, St. Theresa Hos- 
pital, Ft. Vermilion, Alberta. 
General Duty Nurses for active, accredited, well- 
equipped 64-bed hospital in growing town, population 
3,500. Salaries range from $380-$440 commensurate 
with experience, other benefits. Nurses residence. 
Excellent personnel policies and working conditions. 
New modern wing opened this year. Good commu- 
nications to large nearby cities. Apply Director of 
Nursing, Brooks General Hospital, Brooks, Alberta. 


ADVERTISING 
RA TES 


FOR ALL 
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING 


$10.00 for 6 lines or less 
$2.00 for each additional line 


Rates for display 
advertisements on request 


Closing date for copy and cancellation is 
6 weeks prior to 1st day of publication 
month. 
The Canadian Nurses' Association has 
not yet reviewed the personnel pOlicies 
of the hospitals and agencies advertising 
in the Journal. For authentic information, 
prospective applicants should apply to 
the Registered Nurses' Association of the 
Province in which they are interested 
in working. 


Address correspondence to: 


The 
Canadian ð 
Nurse 
 


50 THE DRIVEWAY 
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO. 


60 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


I I 


ALBERTA 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES - Salary range - $4,320 
!o $5,460 per annum, 40 hour week. Modern living. 
In facilities available at moderate retes, if desired. 
Civil Service holiday, sick leave and pension bene- 
fits. Starting salary commensurate with training 
and experience. Apply to: Superintendent of Nunes, 
Baker Memorial Sanatorium, Box 72, Calgarv, 
Alberta. 1.14-3 A 
Generol Duty Nurse for small modern hospital on 
Highway # 12. East Central Alberta. Salary 
range from $405. $475. Residence available. Per- 
sonnel policies as per AARN and A.H.A. Apply: 
Director of Nursing, Coronation Municipal Hospital, 
Coronation Alberta. 
GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 94-bed General Has. 
pital located in Alberta's unique Badlands. $380- 
$440 per month, approved AARN and AHA per- 
sonnel policies. Apply to: Miss M. Hawkes, Director 
of Nursing, Drumheller General Hospital, Drumhel- 
ler, Alberta. 1-31-2A 
General Duty Nurses for 64-bed active treatment 
hospital, 35 miles south of Calgary. Salary range 
$380 - $450. Living accommodation available in sep- 
arate residence if desired. Full maintenance in 
residence $45.00 per month. Excellent Personnel 
Policies and working conditions. Please applV to: 
The Director of Nursing, High River General Hos- 
pital, High River, Alberto. 1-46-IA 
GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Modern 26-bed hospital 
close to Edmonton. 3 buses daily. Salary $380 to 
SASO per month commensurate with experience. 
Residence available at $40.00 per month. Excellent 
personnel policies. Applv: Director of Nursing. 
Mayerthorpe Municipal Hospital, Mayerthorpe. Al- 
berta. 161-1 
-- 
General Duty Nurses required by 150-bed general 
hospital presently expanding to 230 beds. Salary 
1967, $380 to $450; 1968 - $405 to $485. Experi- 
ence recognized. Residence available. For particulars 
contact Director of Nursing Service, Red Deer 
General Hospital, Red Deer, Alberta. 
General Duty Nursing positions are available in a 
100-bed convalescent rehabilitation unit forming 
part of a 330-bed hospital complex. Residence 
available. Salary 1967 - $380 to $450. per mo. 
1968 - $405 to $485. Experience recognized. For 
full particulars contact Director of Nursing Service, 
Auxiliary Hospital, Red Deer, Alberta. 
Nu..es required for a SO-bed AUXILIARY HOSPITAL 
in town of 4000. Salay range $380. $450. Experi. 
ence recognized. Residence accommodation avail- 
able. Policies available on request. Apply to Mrs. 
A. Tetarenko, R.N., Director of Nursing, Wainwright- 
Provost Auxiliary Hospital, Wainwright, Alberta. 


BRITISH COLUMBIA 


ROYAL JUBtLEE HOSPITAL, VICTORIA, B.C.: Invites 
B.C. Registered Nurses (or those eligible) to apply 
for these positions: SUPERVISOR for a 42-bed Psychia- 
tric Unit. HEAD NURSE for modern Post-Operative 
Recovery Room. GENERAL STAFF for Psychiatric Unit. 
Apply indicating preparation and experience to: 
Director of Nursing, Victoria, British Columbia. 
2-76-4A 
Operating Room Head Nurse ($464 - $552), General 
Duty Nurses (B.C. Registered $405 - $481, non-Regis- 
tered $390) for fully accredited 113-bed hospital in 
N.W. B.C. Excellent fishing, skiing, skating, curling 
and bowling. Hot springs swimming nearby. Nurses' 
residence, room $20 per month. Cafeteria meals. 
Apply: Director of Nursing, Kitimat General Hospital, 
Kitimat, British Columbia. 2-36-1 
OPERATING ROOM SUPERVISOR required for 121. 
bed octive General Hospital situated in the Okana- 
gan Valley. Advanced preparation preferred. Basic 
1967 salary - $468. RNABC policies in effect. Ap- 
ply: Director of Nursing, Penticton Hospital, Pentic- 
ton, British Columbia. 
REGISTERED, GRADUATE NURSES and PRACTICAL 
NURSES - For modern 70-bed accredited hospital 
on Vancouver Island, B.C. Resort area - Home of 
the tyee salmon. Four hours travelling time to City 
of Vancouver, RNABC policies and Union Contract 
in effect. Residence accommodation available. Direct 
enquiries to:
Director of Nursing Services, Camp- 
bell River & District General Hospital, Campbell 
River, British Columbia. 
B.C. R.N. for General Duty in 32 bed General Hospi- 
tal. RNABC 1967 salary rate $390 - $466 and fringe 
benefits, modern, comfortable, nurses' residence in 
attractive community close to Vancouver, B.C. For 
application form write: Director of Nursing, Fraser 
Canyon Hospital, R.R. I, Hope, B.C. 2-30-' 


I I 


BRITISH COLUMBIA 


Registered or non-registered General Duty Nurses 
and Nursing Assistants (3 required immediately) 
for new 31.bed, active treatment hospital, located 
in the South Cariboo. Personnel policies in ac- 
cordance with RNABC. Nurses' residence available. 
Apply in writing to: Director of Nursing, 100 Mile 
District General Hospital, 100 Mile House, British 
Columbia. 2-50- 2 
General Duty Nurses for active 30.bed hospital. 
RNABC policies and schedules in effect, also North. 
ern allowance. Accommodations available in res. 
idence. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital, 
Fort Nelson, Briti.h Columbia. 2-23-1 
General Duty Nurses for new 30.bed hospital 
located in excellent recreational area. Salary and 
personnel policies in accordance with RNASC. Com- 
fortable Nurses' home. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Boundary Hospital, Grand Forks, British Columbia . 
GENERAL DUTY NURSES - for 109-bed hospital in 
expanding Northwestern British Columbia City. Salary 
$405 to $481 for B.C. Registered Nurses with recogni- 
tion for experience. RNASC contract in effect. Gradu. 
ate Nurses not registered in B.C. paid $390. Benefits 
include comprehensive medical and pension plans. 
Travel allowance up to $60 refunded after one 
year's service. Comfortable, modern residence accom. 
modation at $15 per month, meals at cost. Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, Prince Rupert General Hospital, 
551-5th Avenue East, Prince Rupert, B.C. 2-58-2A 
Generol Duty Nurses for well-equipped 63-bed gen. 
eral hospital in beautiful inland Volley odjacent 
lake Kathlyn and Hudson Bay Glacier. Boating, 
fishing, swimming, golfing, curling, skating, skiing. 
Salary $390 - $405. Maintenance $60.00, 40 hour - 
5 day week, Vacation with pay - Comfortable, at- 
tractive nurses' residence. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Bulkley Valley District Hospital, P.O. Box 
370, Smithers, B.C. 2-67-1 
General Duty Nurse for 54-bed active hospital in 
northwestern B.C. Salaries: B.C. Registered $405, B.C. 
Non-Registered, $390, RNABC personnel policies 
in effect. Planned rotation. New residence, room and 
board: $55/m. T.V. and good social activities. 
Write: Director of Nursing, Box 1297, Terrace, British 
Columbia. 2-70-2 
General Duty Nurses needed for active 45-bed 
hospital - Central B.C. R.N.A. salary scale and 
personnel policies in effect. Salary recognition 
given for experience. Overtime paid. Modern 
Nurses' Residence available. New hospital planned 
for near future. Write Director of Nursing, St. 
John Hospital, Vanderhoof, B.C. 
General Duty and Operating Room Nurses for 70-bed 
Acute General Hospital on Pacific Coast. B.C. Regis- 
tered $390 - $466 per month (Credit for experience). 
Non B.C. Registered $375 - Practical Nurses B.C. li- 
censed $273. $311 per month. Non Registered $253. 
$286 per month. Board $20 per month, room $5.00 per 
month. 20 paid holidays per year and 10 statutory 
holidays after 1 year. Fare pa id from Vancouver. 
Superannuation and medical plans. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, St. George's Hospital, Alert Bay, British 
Columbia. 2.2-1 A 
General Duty, O.R. and experienced Obstetrical 
Nurses for modern, 150-bed hospital located in the 
beautiful Fraser Valley. Personnel policies in ac- 
cordance with RNABC. Appl r. to: Director of Nursing, 
Chilliwack General Hospita, Chilliwack, British Co. 
lumbia. 2-13-1 
General Duty, Operating Room and Experienced 
Obstetrical Nurses for 434-bed hospital with school 
of nursing. Salary: $390 - $466. Credit for past ex- 
perience and postgraduate training. AO-hr. wk. Stot. 
utory holidays. Annual increments; cumulative sick 
leave; pension plan; 28-days annual vacation; B.C. 
registration reQuired. Apply: Director of Nursing. 
Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, British 
Columbia. 2-73-13 
GRADUATE NURSES: For permanent staff or holiday 
relief. In active 164-bed acute General Hospital 
with full accreditation, located in the Columbia 
River Valley in southeastern British Columbia. Un- 
limited social and sports activities including golf, 
tennis, swimming, skiing and curling. 40 hour week: 
Starting salary after registration $390 rising to $466. 
Four weeks annual vacotion, 10 statutory holidays, 
1 'I. days sick leave per month cumulative to 120 
days. Employer-employee participation in medical 
coverage and superannuation. Residence accommoda- 
tion. For further information apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Trail.Tadanac Hospital, Trail, British Co- 
lumbia. 
GRADUATE NURSES for 24-bed hospital, 35-mi. from 
Vancouver, on coast, salary and personnel prac- 
tices in accord with RNABC. Accommodotion availa- 
ble. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital, 
Squamish, British Columbia. 2-68-1 
NOVEMBER 1967 



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GO!... Where the ACTION is! 


. 
· Mrs. Helen Middleworth, Director, Nursing Service 
· Albany Medical Center Hospital 
. 
. Albany, New York 12208 


Albany Medical Center, that's where. A modern teaching hos- . 
pita I perfectly located in beautiful upstate New York. . . on . 
the doorstep of New York City's bright lights . . . exciting · 
horse racing at Saratoga. . . summer homes of the Philadelphia · 
and Boston Symphony Orchestras. . . scenic lake George . .. · 
. 
and the greatest skiing in the East. . 
Our nursing opportunities are tops, too. For details, send for · 
our free booklet, "Albany Medical Center Nurse." · 
. 
. 
Albany Medical Center Hospital : 


Please send me a free copy of your nursing booklet. 


NAME ........... ...... ......................... 


ADDRESS ........................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 


NOVEMBER 1967 


CITY .............. . STATE ........... ZIP. . . . . . 


 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 61 



BRITISH COLUMBIA 


General Duty and Operating RDDm Nurses for 
modern 450-bed hospitol with School of Nursing. 
RNABC policies in effect. Credit for post experience 
and postgraduate training. British Columbia registra- 
tion required. For particulars write to: the Director of 
Nursing Service, St. Joseph's Hospital, Victoria, Bri- 
tish Columbio. 2-76.5 


MANITOBA 


Registered Nurse for 18-bed hospitol otVita, Monitobo, 
70 miles from Winnipeg. Doily bus service. Solory 
range $390 - $475, with ollowonce for experience. 
40 hour week, 10 statutory holidoys, 4 weeks poid 
\location after one year. Full maintenance available 
lor $50 per month. Apply: Matron, Vita District 
Hospital. Vita, Manitoba. 3.68-1 


Registered Nurses (2) for 32-bed fully modern hos- 
pital in the parkland district of Manitoba. Minimum 
salary $395 to a maximum of $480, ".ith extra 
monetary consideration given for experience. For 
further particulars write or phone - collect to: 
Mrs. Edna Sims, Superintendent, Roblin District Hos- 
pital, Roblin, Manitoba. 


NOVA SCOTIA 


Registered Nurses for 21-bed hospital in pleasant 
communIty - Eastern Shore of Nova Scotia. Apply: 
Superintendent, Eastern Shore Memorial Hospital, 
Sheet Harbour, Nova Scotia. 6-32-1 


Registered and Graduate Nurses for General Duty. 
New hospital with all modern conveniences, also, 
new nurses' residence available. South Shore Com- 
munity. Apoly to: Superintendent. Queens General 
Hospital, Liverpool, Nova Scotia. 6-20-1 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Positions available for 
Registered Qualified General Duty Nurses for 138. 
bed active treatment h01pital. Residence accom- 
modation available. Applications and enquiries will 
be received by: Director of Nursing, Blanchard-Fraser 
Memorial Hospital, Kentville. Nova Scotia. 6-19-1 


ONTARIO 


Supervisor of Public Health Nursing, qualified. 
Salary range $6,652 - $8,130 plus $300 for B.Sc.N.; 
Starting level appropriate to experience and merit. 
Employer shared pension plan, medical and hospital 
insurance. Generous car allowance, cumulative sick 
leave, one month annual vacation. Apply to: Dr. 
E. G. Brown, Kent County Health Unit, 21 Seventh 
Street, Chatham, Ontario. 


Registered Nurse and Technician required for O.R. 
Department of 81-bed hospital. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, Alexandra Marine and General Hospital, 
Goderich, Ontario. 7-51-1 


OPERATING ROOM NURSE and CENTRAL SUPPLY 
SUPERVISOR: wanted for SO-bed hospital. State ex- 
perience and references. Apply to: Administrator, 
Saugeen Memorial Hospital, Southampton, Ontario. 


WANTED: EXPERIENCED REGISTERED NURSE, In-sti- 
tution under 100 beds. Excellent working conditions. 
Shift work, car allowance and satisfactory fringe 
benefits. State references by making application to: 
O.H.M.R.I., P.O. Box 100, Plainlield, Ontario. 


Required immediately. Registered Nurses for 32-bed 
hospital in north western Ontario. Salary schedule 
$450. to $550. per month. Accommodation available. 
Excellent personnel pol icies. Please reply in writing 
to: Miss M. McLeod, R.N., Administrator, Atikokan 
General Hospital, Atikokan. Ontario. 


REGISTERED NURSES required immediately for 53- 
bed hospital. Minimum salary $415. Three weeks 
vacation, pension, life and medical insurance, 8 
statutory holidays, 40 hour week. Air, rail and road 
communication. Northern hospitality. Apply to: Direc- 
tor of Nurses, Porcupine General Hospital, South 
Porcupine, Onto 7.123-1 


Registered Nurses for 34-bed hospital, min. salary 
$A15 with regular annual increments to maximum 
of $495. 3.wk. vacation' with pay; sick leave after 
6-mo. service. All Staff - 5 day 40-hr. wk., 9 
statutory holidays, pension plan and other benefits. 
Apply to: Superintendent, Englehart & District Hos- 
pital, Englehart, Ontario. 7-40-1 


62 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


I I 


ONTARIO 


REGISTERED NURSES (IMMEDIATELY) for a new 40. 
bed hospital. Nurses' residence - private rooms with 
bath - $20 per month. Minimum salary $415 plus 
experience allowance, A semi-annual increments. 
Reply to: The Director of Nursing, Geraldton District 
Hospital, Geraldton. Ontario. 7.50-1 A 


Nursing Positions - for REGI STERED NURSES, tor 
325-bed fully accredited active General Hospital - 
centrally located in the city, for further information 
write to the Director of Nursing, THE DOCTORS 
HOSPITAL, 45 Brunswick Avenue, Toronto 4, On. 
tario. 


Registered Nurses for 18-bed (expanding to 36-bed) 
General Hospital in Mining and Resort town of 5,000 
peaple. Beautifully located on Wawa lake, 140 miles 
north of Sault Ste. Marie. Ontario. Wide variety of 
Summer and winter sports including swimming, boat- 
ing, fishing, golfing, skating, curling and bowling. 
Six churches of different faiths. Salaries comparable 
with all northern hospitals. Limited bed and board 
available at reasonable rate. Excellent personnel 
policies, pleasant working conditions. HEAD NURSE 
with some formal preparation and/or adequate ex- 
perience. Apply to: Director of Nursing, The Lady 
Dunn General Hospital, Box 179, Wawa, Ontario. 
7.140-18 


Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistant, 
for JOO-bed General Hospital, situated in Northern 
Ontario. Salary range $415 - $455 per month, RNA's 
$273. $317 per month, shift differential, annual 
increments, 40 hour week, OHSC and P.S.1. plans in 
effect. Accommodation available in residence if 
desired. For full particulars apply to: The Director 
of Nurses, Lady Minto Hospital, Cochrane, Ontario. 
7-30-1 B 


Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 
are invited to make application to our 75-bed, 
modern General Hospital. You will be in the Vaca- 
tionland of the North, midway between the Lakehead 
and Winnipeg, Manitoba. Basic wage for Registered 
Nurses is $408 and for Registered Nursing Assistants 
is $285 with yearly increments and consideration for 
experience. Write or phone: The Director of Nursing, 
Dryden District General Hospital, DRYDEN, Ontario. 
7-26-1 A 


Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 
lor 160-bed accredited hospital. Starting salary $415 
and $285 respectively with regular annual incre- 
ments for bofh. Excellent personnel policies. Resid- 
ence accommodation available. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Kirkland & District Hospital, Kirkland Lake, 
Ontario. 7-67-1 


Registered Nurses and RetJistered Nursing Assistants. 
Starting Salary lor R.N. is $415 and for R.N.A. is $300. 
Allowance for experience. Excellent fringe benefits. 
Write: Mrs G. Gordon, Superintendent, Nipigon Dis- 
trict Memorial Hospital, Box 37, Nipigon, Ontario. 
7-87.1 


Registered Nurse and Registered Nursing Assistants 
in modern 100-bed hospital, situated 40 miles from 
Ottawa. Excellent personnel policies. Residence 
accommodation available. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Smiths Falls Public Hospital, Smiths Falls, 
Ontario. 7-120-2A 


Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 
lor 83-bed General Hospital in French speaking com- 
munity of Northern Ontario. R.N:s salary: $420 to 
$465/m., 4 weeks vacation, 18 sick leave days and 
R.N.A:s salar y, : $300 to $340/m., 2 weeks vacation 
and 12 sick eave days. Unused sick leave is paid 
at 1001}
. Rooming accommodations available in 
town and meals served at the Hospital. Excellent 
personnel pol icies. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Notre-Dame Hospital, Hearst, Ontario. 7-58.1 


REGISTERED NURSES and REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS required for 100-bed hospital in the 
Model Town of the North. All usual fringe benefits, 
living.;n accommodation. Salary range for general 
duty nurses $415-$485 depending on qualifications 
and experience. Registered Nursing Assistants $290- 
$346. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Sensenbren- 
ner Hospital, Kapuskasing, Ontario. 


Registered Nurses for General Duty in well-equipped 
28-bed hospital, located in growing gold mining 
and tourist area. north of Kenora, Ontario. Modern 
residence with individual rooms; room, board and 
uniform laundry only $50/m, 40-hr. wk., no split shift, 
cumulative sick time, 8 statutory holidays and 28 
day paid vacation after one year. Starting salary 
$430. Apply to: Matron, Margaret Cochenour Memo. 
rial Hospital, Cochenour, Ontario. 7-29-1 


1 I 


ONTARIO 


Registered Nurses for General Duty for 
chest hospital. Residence accommodation, 
commensurate with experience and abilit. y 
to: Director of Nursing, Niagara Peninsula 
torium, Bax 158, St. Catharines, Ontario. 


166-bed 
salary 
Apply 
Sana- 


REGISTERED NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active 
accredited well equipped 28-bed hospital. 30 miles 
from Ottawa. Residence accommodation. Good per. 
sonnel policies. Apply to: Administratrix, Kemptville 
District Hospital, Kemptville, Ontario. 7-63-1 


Registered General Duty Nunes required for 81-bed 
hospital. Salary range $400-$445 per month accord- 
ing to experience and qualifications. Residence ac. 
commodation available. Attractive new hospital, good 
working conditions. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Alexandra Marine and General Hospital, Goderich, 
Ontario. 7-51.1 A 


REGISTERED NURSES for General Duty in 29.bed 
active treatment hospital. Salary $415 to $455. 3 
week vacation, 8 Statutory holidays. 40 hour week. 
Excellent personnel policies. Apply - Administratrix, 
Bingham Memoriai Hospital, Matheson, Ontario. 


Registered Nurses for General Duty in 100-bed hos- 
pital, located 30-mi. from Ottawa, are urgently reo 
quired. Good personnel policies, accommodation 
available in new stafl residence. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, District Memorial Hospital, Winchester, On. 
tario. 7.144-1 


Registered Nurses for General Staff and Operating 
Room. Accredited 235-bed, modern, General Hospital. 
Good personnel policies. Beginning salary $400 per 
month, recognition for experience, annual bonus plan. 
Planned in-service programs. Assistance with trans- 
portation. Apply: Director of Nursing, Sudbury Me. 
morial Hospital, Regent Street, S.. Sudbury, Ontario. 
7-127.4 A 


General Duty Nurses for 66-bed General Hospital. 
Starting salary: $405/m. Excellent personnel policies. 
Pension plan, I ife insurance, etc., residence accom. 
modation. Only 10 min. from downtown Buffalo. 
Apply: Director of Nursing, Douglas Memorial Hos- 
pital, Fort Erie, Ontario. 7-45-1 


General Duty Nurses for 100-bed modern hospital. 
Southwestern Ontario, 32 mi. from London. Salary 
commensurate with experience and ability, $398/m 
basic salary. Pension plan. Apply giving full par- 
ticulars to: The Director of Nurses, District Memorial 
Hospital. Tillsonburg. Ontario. 7.131-1 


General Staff Nurses and Registered Nursing Assis. 
tants are required for a modern, well.equipped General 
Hospital currently expanding to 167 beds. Situated in 
a progressive community in South Western Ontario, 30 
miles from Windsor-Detroit Border. Salary scaled to 
experience and qualifications. Excellent employee 
benefits and working conditions plus an opportunity 
to work in a Patient Centered Nursing Service. Write 
for further information to: Miss Patricia McGee, B. 
Sc.N., Reg.N. Director of Nursing, Leamington District 
Memorial Hospital, Leamington, Ontario. 7-69-1 A 


OPERATING ROOM NURSES (2) for a fully ac. 
credited 70-bed General Hospital. For Operating 
Room Duty. Salary according to experience. Apply to: 
O.R. Supervisor, Penetanguishene General Hospital, 
Penetanguishene. Ontario. 7.99-2 


Qualified Public Health Nurses required for expand. 
ing generalized program in leading resort area. 
Attractive salary ranges, fringe benefits, and travel 
allowance. For full details please contact: W. H. 
Bennett, M.D., D.P.H., Medical Olficer of Health, 
Muskoka and District Health Unit, Box 1019, Brace- 
bridge, Ontario. 7-15-2 


Public Health Nurses - General Program. Salary 
Range $5,666 to $6,926 by Increments 01 $157 at 
intervals of six months. Starting salary related to 
experience. Generous Car Allowance. Cumulative 
Sick Leave, One Month's Vacation. Employer shared 
pension plan, medical and hospital insurance. Ap- 
ply to: Dr. E. G. Brown, Kent County Health Unit, 
21 Seventh Street, Chatham, Ontario. 


Pubic Health Nurse (qualified) for generalized pro- 
gramme. Salary range $5,200 - 56,400 according 
to experience. Salaries negotiated yearly. Personnel 
policies on request. Apply in wrinting to: Miss 
Beatrice Whalley, Supervisor of Public Health Nurs. 
ing, Waterloo County Health Unit, 109 Argyle St., 
s., Preston, Ontario. 


Public Health Nurses for Health Unit in Northern 
Ontario. Generalized Program. Good salary and 
personnel policies. Apply: Supervisor of Nurses, 
Porcupine Health Unit, Timmins, Ontario. 7-132-2 


NOVEMBER 1967 



, 


r 


i 


This 


. 
IS a 


little Eskimo boy 


Sometime during the next year. 
he might fall and hurt himself- 
or get measles or pneumonia. 


He will need the care of a nurse. 


A good nurse. 


Maybe you? 


Registered hospital and public health nurses, certified nursing assistants, 
lor lurther inlormation write to: 
MEDICAL SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE, OTTAWA, CANADA. 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 
WOODSTOCK 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Woodstock, Ontario 


will require 


TEACHERS -- JULY. 1968 


For the approved two year curri- 
culum with a third year of expe- 
rience in nursing service (50 stu- 
dents enrolled annually). 
QUALIFICATIONS: University pre- 
paration in Nursing Education. 
SALARY: Commensurate with ex- 
perience and education. 


Apply to: 


Director 
School of Nursing 


WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Woodstock, Ontario 


NOVEMBER 1967 


THE LORRAIN 
SCHOOL of NURSING 


PEMBROKE, ONTARIO 


requires 


TEACHERS 


for a Two plus One Programme 
which commenced in September, 
1967. 
Well-equipped, modern School of 
Nursing opened in 1961. 
Qualifications: University prepa- 
ration required. 
Salary commensurate with pre- 
paration and experience. 


Apply to: 


The Director 


LORRAIN SCHOOL OF NURSING 
201 Deacon St. 
Pembroke, Ontario 


AJAX AND 
PICKERING 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


AJAX, ONTARIO 
127 Beds 


Nursing the patient as an indi- 
vidual. Vacancies, General Duty 
R.N.'s and Registered Nursing 
Assistants for all areas, Full time 
and part time. Salaries as in Me- 
tro Toronto. Consideration for ex- 
perience and education. Excellent 
fringe benefits. Residence accom- 
modation, single rooms, House- 
keeping privileges. 


Apply to: 
NURSING OFFICE PERSONNEL 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 63 



INSTRUCTOR 


. 


JEFFERY HALE'S HOSPITAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
1250 ST-FOY ROAD 
QUEBEC 6, P.Q. 


ONTARIO 


Public H.alth Nurses wanted for scenic urban and 
rural health unit, close to the capital city, in the 
upper Ottawa Valley tourist area. Good summer 
and winter recreational facilities. Salary range 
$5,192 - $6,107. Allowance for experience and/or 
degree. Usual fringe benefits. Direct enquiries to 
Miss R. Coyne, Supervisor of Nurses, Renfrew 
County Health Unit, 169 William Street, Pembroke 
Ontario. 


Public H.alth Nurs.s for generalized programme in 
a County-City Health Unit. Salary schedule $5,400 
to $6,600 per annum. 20 days vacation. Employer 
shared pension pian, P.S.I. and hospitalization. 
Mileage allowance or unit cars. Apply to: Miss 
Veronica O'leary, Supervisor of Public Health Nurs- 
ing, Peterbarough County-City Health Unit, P.O. 
Box 246, Peterbaraugh, Ontario. 7-101-4A 


QUE8EC 


R.gist.red Nurs.s for 3D-bed General Hospital. Hun- 
tingdon is Q small manufacturing town 50 miles 
from centre of Montreal. There are excellent social 
and recreational facil ities. Salaries as approved by 
QHIS. Annual vacation 4 weeks, accumulated sick 
leave. Blue Cross paid. Bonus for permanent night 
shift. Full maintenance available for $43.50 per 
month. Apply: Mrs. D. Hawley, R.N., Huntingdon 
County Hospital, Huntingdon, Quebec. 9-29-1 


REGISTERED NURSES for modern 80-bed general 
hospital expanding to 150 beds, located in an at. 
tractive, dynamic, sports oriented community 50 
miles south of Montreal. Salaries and fringe bene- 
fits camparable to Montreal. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Brome.Missisquoi-Perkins Hospital, Cowans- 
ville, P.Q. 


OPERATING ROOM STAFF NURSES: (applications are 
invited). I n a modern 350-bed hospital. Salaries 
commensurate with experience and postgraduate 
education. Cumulative sick leave, 28 days annual 
vacation, retirement plan and other liberal fringe 
benefits. Apply: Director of Nursing Service, St. 
Mary's Hospital, 3830 lacambe Avenue, Montreal 
26, Quebec. .9.47-39A 


SASKATCHEWAN 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING required for modern 24-bfld 
active treatment hospital. Graduates in nursing ad- 
ministration or with experience will be given pre- 
ference. Salary schedule will be based an the 
SRNA recommendations: Apply: Mr. R. Halinaty, 
Administrator, Wakaw Union Hospital, Wakaw, 
Saskatchewan. 


REGISTERED NURSE, Help Rabbit lake Union Hos- 
pital, Rabbit lake, Sask. Jain us. Feel wanted. 
Room and board in residence. Write: Matron. 


64 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


SASKATCHEWAN 


REGISTERED NURSES required for 24-bed active 
treotment hospital. Established personnel policies 
and pension plan. Salary range as per SRNA 
recommendations. Adjustments to s'arting salary 
made for previous experience. Residence aCCom- 
modation available at nominal cast. Apply Miss 
Fey Cook, Acting Director of Nursing, Wakaw 
Union Hospital, Wakaw, Saskatchewan. 


REGISTERED GENERAL DUTY NURSES required by a 
40-bed fully accredited hospital. Salary in accar. 
dance with the SRNA. Recognition of past ex- 
perience policy applicable. Frequent daily trans- 
portation connections by train and bus east and 
west. Apply in writing or phone 948-3323 collect 
to: Director of Nurses, Biggar Union Hospital, 
Biggar, Saskatchewan. 


General Duty and Op.rating Room Nurs.s, also 
C.rtified Nursing Assistants for 560.bed University 
Hospital. Salary commensurate with experience and 
preparations. Excellent opportunities to engage in 
progressive nursing. Apply: Director of Personnel, 
University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. 


Op.rating Room Nurs. ($374.-$447.), Outpatient and 
General Duty Nurses ($364.-$437.) full time and 
part time and Certified Nursing Assistants ($260- 
$300.) for 180-bed general hospital. Past experience 
and qualifications recognized. Shift bonus and ex- 
cellent personnel policies in effect. Apply: Person- 
nel Director, Victoria Union Hospital, Prince Albert, 
Sask. 


UNITED STATES 


REGISTERED NURSES - Southern California - Op- 
portunities available - 368-bed modern hospital in 
Medical-Surgical, lobar and Delivery, Nursery Oper- 
ating Room and Intensive and Coronary Car'; Units. 
900d . salary an
 liberal fringe benefits. Continuing 
Inservlce education program. Located 10 miles from 
Los Angeles near skiing, swimming, cultural and edu- 
cational facilities. Temporary living accommodations. 
Apply: Director of Nursing Service, Saint Joseph 
Hospital, Burbank, California 91503. 15-5-63 


REGISTERED NURSES needed for rapidly expanding 
general hospital an the beautiful Peninsula near 
San Francisco. Outstanding policies and benefits 
including generous sick leave and vacation accrual, 
temporary accommodations at low cost, paid hos. 
pital and maiar medical insurance, fully refundable 
retirement plan, liberal shift differentials, no rot- 
ation, exceptional in-service and orientation pro- 
grams, sick leave conversion to vacation, paid life 
insurance, tuition reimbursement. Salary range $598- 
$727. Contact Personnel Administrator, Peninsula 
Hospital, 1783 EI Camino Real, Burlingame, Califor- 
nia 94010. 


Registered Nurses, Career satisfaction, interest and 
profes!tional growth unl imited in modern, JCAH ac- 
credited 243-bed ha.pital. located in one of Califor- 
nia's finest areas, recreational, educational and cul- 
tural advantages are yours as well as wonderful 
year-round climate. If this combination is what 
you're looking for, contact us now!Staff nurse en- 
trance salary $575.$600 per month; increases to 
$700 per month; supervisory positions at highest 
rates. Special area and shift differentials to $54. per 
month. Excellent benefits include free health and 
life insurance, retirement, credit union and liberal 
personnel pol icies. Professional staff appointments 
available in all clinical areas to those eligible for 
California licensure. Write today: Director of Nursing, 
Eden Hospital. 20103 lake Chabot Road, Castro Val- 
ley, California. 15-5-12 


REGISTERED NURSES Opportunities available at 
415-bed hospital in Medical-Surgical, labor and 
Delivery, Intensive Care, Operating Room and Psy- 
chiatry. No rotation of shift, good salary, evening 
and night differentials, liberal fringe benefits. 
Temporary living accommodations available. Apply: 
Miss Dolores Merrell, R.N., Personnel Director, Queen 
of Angels Hospital, 2301 Bellevue Avenue, las 
Angeles 26, California. 15-5-3G 


REGISTERED NURSES - SAN FRANCISCO Children's 
Hospital and Adult Medical Center hospital for men, 
women and children. California registration reQuired. 
Opportunities in all clinical areas. Excellent salaries, 
differentials for evenings and nights. Holidays, vaca- 
tions, sick leave, life insurance, health insurance and 
employer-paid pension-plan. Applications and details 
furnished on request. Contact Personnel Director, Chil. 
dren's Hospital, 3700 California Street, San Francisco 
18, California. 15-5.4 


I I 


UNITED STATES 


REGISTERED NURSES - General Duty for 84-bed 
JCAH hospital 1'1. hours from San Francisco, 2 
hours from the Lake Tahoe. Starting salary $6OO/m. 
with differentials. Apply: Director of Nurses Mem- 
orial Hospital, Woodland, California. 1'5-5-498 


REGISTERED NURSES: Mount Zion Hospital and Me- 
dical <:;enter's increased salary scales now double our 
attraction for nurses who find they can aHord to live 
by the Golden Gate. Expansion has created vacancies 
for staff and specialty assignments. Address enquiry 
to: Personnel Department. 1600 Divisadero Street San 
Francisco, California 94115. An equal apparíunity 
employer. 15-5-4C 


Staff Duty positions (Nurses) in private 403-bed 
hospital. liberal personnel policies and salary. Sub. 
stantial differential for evening and night duty. 
Write: Personnel Director, Hospital of The Goad 
Samaritan, 1212 Shatto Street, las Angeles 17, 
Cal ifarnia. 15.5-3" 


Nurs.s for new 75-bed General Hospital. Resort 
area. Ideal climate. On beautiful Pacific ocean. 
Apply to: Director of Nurses, South Coast Com- 
munity Hospital,. South laguna, California. 15-5.50 


DIRECTOR OF SCHOOL OF NURSING. Immediate re- 
quirement for Director of 27 month diploma school 
of nursing. N.L.N. accredited. 160-bed hospital lo- 
cated at the foot of Pikes Peak. Masters degree 
in nursing education required plus experience. So. 
lory open with excellent fringe benefits. Send 
resume' to include expected salary to Roy Pitt, 
Personnel Director, Memorial Hospital, 1400 East 
Boulder, Colorado Springs, Colorado, or telephone 
collect 303-634-7761. 


REGISTERED NURSES: for 75-bed air-conditioned 
hospital, growing community. Starting salary $330 
$365/m, fringe benefits, vacation, sick leave, holi- 
days, life insurance, hospitalization. 1 meal furnish- 
ed. Write: Administrator, Hendry General Hospital, 
Clewiston, Florida. 15-10.1 


R.N.'s Need.d - New 50.bed hospital. Salary 
Range $500 to $530 plus shift differential, per 
month. Blue Crass Blue Shield insurance, paid 
vacation. On lake Okeechabee, 40 miles from 
West Palm Beach. Write or call collect, Mn. Hilda 
Jensen, Director of Nurses, Everglades Memorial 
Hospital, P.Q. Box 659, Pahakee, Florida. phone 
305 924.520 I. 


REGISTERED NURSE FOR AMERICAN RED CROSS 
8LOODMOBILE - Travel most of Montana, working 
out of Great Falls. Salary range $475. - $550.; 
excellent fringe benefits. Apply at once to: Ad- 
ministrative Director, Montana Red Cross Blood 
Center, Civic Center, Great Falls, Montana. Zip 
Code 59401. 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING SERVICE: Challenging growth 
opportunity for imaginative, capable nuning service 
administrator. Must have a graduate education and 
experience to assume full responsibility in the ad- 
ministration of all nursing services, development of 
organization and initiation of programs. Excellent 
salary and benefits as a part of top management 
with the title of Assistant Administrator in charge of 
Nursing Service. A 500.bed general, acute teaching 
hospitol with 360 additional beds under construc- 
tion. Located in progressive capital and university 
city. Incumbent retiring after eleven successful 
years in position. Please contact: Edgar O. Mans- 
field, Dr. P.H., Administrator, Riverside Methodist 
Hospital, 3535 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, 
Ohio 43214. 


STAFF NURSES: University of Washington. 320.bed 
modern, expanding Teaching and Research Hospital 
located on campus offers you an opportunity to 
iain the staff in one of the fallowing specialties: 
CI inical Research, Premature Center, Open Heart 
Surgery, Physical Medicine, Orthopedics, Neurosurge. 
ry, Adult and Child Psychiatry in addition to the 
General Services. Salary $525 for newly graduate 
nune. $560 within first six months to $640. Salary 
commensurate with experience and education. Unique 
benefit program includes free University courses after 
six months. For 'nformation on opportunities, write 
to: Mrs. Ruth Fine, Director of Nursing Services, Uni- 
versity Hospital, 1959 N.E. Pacific Avenue, Seattle, 
Washington 98105. 


ASSOCtATE DtRECTOR: Masters degree in Nursing 
required to take charge of Inservice Education. 
Put your ideas into action. Excellent training 
facilities. Backed by an education minded Admin- 
istration. Good benefit program. Salary commen- 
surate with experience. Write: Personnel Depart. 
ment, St. Mary's Hospital, 2320 N. lake Drive, 
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53211. 


NOVEMBER 1967 



... 


EL CAMINO 


HOSPITAL 


Registered Nurses - 
All Services 
Sfarting sa lory for 
Experienced 
Registered Nurses 
$550 per monfh 
448-bed fully-occred- 
ited general hospi- 
tal located 40 min- 
utes south of 
downtown San 
Francisco 
Ample opporfunity 
for professianal 
developmenf as 
there are two col- 
leges and two uni- 
versifies in the 
immediate vicinity 
Excellent recreational 
facilifies in clase 
proximify to fhe 
hospital 


. 


LOCATED IN BEAUTIFUL SANTA CLARA VALLEY 
YEAR 'ROUND SMOG-FREE TEMPERATE CLIMATE 


- 


- 
- 


Jt., . 


If! ,.. 


"I.. 
. " 


Benefits Include: 


Pia nned orienfation 
program 
Continuing in-service 
educafion 
Two to four weeks 
vacation 


Eight paid holidays 
Accumulative sick 
leave. 
Free group life 
insure nee 


0\ 


Fully paid health in- 
surance including 
family coverage 
Fully paid retiremenf 
program 
liberal shift 
differenfial 
40-hour week 



.. 


.... 


- 
tIIo-- 


Apply to: 
PERSONNEL DIRECTOR 
EI Camino Hospital 
2500 Grant Road 
Mountain View, California 94040 


''\ 


. . 



 fl. 
à 


Sf. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 


TORONTO, ONTARIO 


REGISTERED NURSES 
and 
REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 


700-bed fully accredifed hospifal provides 
experience in Operating Roam, Recovery 
Roam, Infensive Care Unif, Pediafrics 
Orthopedics, Psychiatry, General Surgery 
and Medicine. 
Orienfation and Acfive Inservice program 
for all staff. 
Salary is commensurafe wifh preparation 
and experience. 
Benefifs include Canada Pension Plan, 
Hospifal Pension Plan, Group Life Insu- 
rance. After 3 monfhs, cumulafive sick 
leave - Ontario Hospital Insurance - 
50% payment by hospital. 
Rotating Periods of duty - 40 hour week, 
8 sfatutory holidays - annuol vacation 
3 weeks after one year. 


Apply: 


Assistant Director of 
Nursing Service 


ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 


30 The Queensway 
Toronto 3, Ontario 


NOVEMBER 1967 


Registered Nurses 
& 


Certified Nursing 
Assistants 


North Shore of Lake Athabaska 


Modern 30-bed general hospital 
located in young active mining 
community. 
Salary: R.N. $414. - $529. 
CN.A. $239.80 - $370.97 
Attractive nurses' residence 
available. Room & Board at $45 
monthly. 
Superior employee benefits. 
Air transportation paid from Ed- 
monton or Prince Albert. 


Please send inquiries to the: 
Director 0 Nursing 
THE MUNICIPAL HOSPITAL 
URANIUM CITY. 
Saskatchewan 


REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 


'or 


GENERAL DUTY 


In modern fully accredited 300- 
bed hospital located in a thriv- 
ing industrial city. Excellent 
working conditions, 9 statutory 
holidays, 3 weeks annual vaca- 
tion, 40 hour week. 


Apply gIVIng 'ull particulars to: 
Personnel Director 


GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Sault Ste. Marie 
Ontario 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 65 



UNITED STATES 


REGI
TERED NURSES: Excellent opportunity for ad- 
vancement in atmosphere of medical excellence. Pro- 
gressive patient care including Intensive Care and 
Cardiac Care Unit.. Finely equipped growing 200-bed 
suburban community hospital on Chicago's beautiful 
North Shore. Modern, furni.hed apartment. are 
available for single professional Women. Other 
fringe benefits include paid vacation after six 
months, paid life insurance, 50% tuition refund and 
.taff development program. Sclary range from $550- 
$660 per month plu. .hift differential. Contact: 
Donald l. Thomp.on, R.N., Director of Nur.ing, 
Highland Park Ho.pital, Highland Park, lIIinoi. 
60035. 15-14-3C 


Regist.red Nurses and Certified Nursing Assistants. 
Opening in several areas, all shifts. Every other week- 
end off. in .mall community ho.pital 2 mile. from 
Boston. Rooms available. Hospital paid life insurance 
and other liberal fringe benefit.. RN salary $100 per 
week, plu. differential of $20 for 3-11 p.m. and 
11-7 a.m. .hift.. CoN. Ass't.. $80 weekly plu. $10 for 
3-11 p.m. and 11-7 a.m. .hifts. Mu.t read, write, 
and speak English. Write: Miss Byrne, Director of 
Nur.es, Chelsea Memorial Ho.pital, Chelsea, Ma.- 
.achu.etts 02150. 15-22-1 C 


I I 


UNITED STATES 


R.gi.t.red Nurs.., modern 280-bed teaching hospital 
University City. 45 min.. from NYC & Phil. Po.itions 
available in Med. . Surg. Units, Intensive Care, 
Obstetric. - New Born N.y. Hospital fully accredited 
AMA. Approved programs for interns and residents. 
Paid hospitalization, tuition plan, 3-wks. Paid vaca
 
tion, alternate week-ends off. Continuing education 
programs for staff. Housing available. Assistance 
given in obtaining N.J. licensure. Must be high 
school graduate. Apply: Personnel Department, Mid. 
dlesex General Hospital, New Brunswick, New 
Jer.ey 08901. 


SEATTLE Gen.ral Duty Nur.... Salary, experienced, 
days $560-$610. New gradyates $525 to .tart. $35 
differential on evening and night shift. Excellent 
benefit.. 230-bed regional referral General Ho.pital 
with intensive care and coronary units. Postgradu- 
ate classes available at two universities. Extensive 
intern and resident teaching program. Hospital 10. 
cated adiacent to Northwest's largest private cI inic. 
Free housing first month. Canadian trained nurses 
with psychiatric affiliation. Please write Personnel 
Director, Virginia Ma.on Ho.pital, 1111 Terry Ave- 
nue, Seattle, Washington 98101. 


r 


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- 


NIGHT NURSE 


University Hospital is pleased fa annaunce that starting poy for nighf 
nurses naw ra nges from $31.00 to $34.00 per shift ($8,056 to $8,839 
for an annual .tarting .alary
epending On educafian and experience. 
After .4 years service, night nUrse salaries range up to $9,622 
per year. The base pay far permanent evening and ratating taurs 
has olsa been increased plus excellent University Sfaff benefits ere 
affered ta all nUrses. 
Universify Haspital has 0 Service Deperfment which assigns trained 
personnel to handle paperwork and ather non-nursing chores, 
relieving aUr nurses fer potient cere exclusively. 
Ann Arbor is nafianally known a. a Center of Culture with emphasis 
on ort, music and drama-ond recagnized as an excifing and desirable 
community in which fo live. 
Wrife to Mr. William Eafon, Persannel Administrafor, Box B, 
A60OI, University Haspital, University of Michigan far 
mare informatian or phone collect (313) 764-2182. 
We are an Equal Opporfunify Employer 


UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 
MEDICAL CENTER, ANN ARBOR 


66 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


POSITIONS ARE AVAILABLE 


for 


REGISTERED NURSES 


with special interest in medical 
nursing and rehabilitation of 
long term patients. 
Salaries recommended by the 
Registered Nurses' 
Association of Ontario 


Inservice educational program- 
me developed and 
expanding 
Residence accommodation avail- 
able at a very mod- 
erate rate 


Transportation advanced, if re- 
quested 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
THE QUEEN ELIZABETH HOSPITAL 
130 Dunn Avenue 
Toronto 3r Onto 


OSHA W A 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES FOR 
ALL DEPARTMENTS 


Starting salary for Ontario Regis- 
tered nurses $400 with 5 annual 
increments to $480 per month. 
Credit for acceptable previous 
service - one increase for two 
years, two increases for four or 
more years. 
Non-registered - $360.00 
Rotating periods of duty - 3 
weeks vacation - 8 statutory 
holidays. 
One day's sick credit per month 
beginning in the 7th month of 
service cumulative to 45 days. 
Pension Plan and Group life 
Insurance - Hospital pays 50% 
of Medical, Blue Cross and Hos- 
pital Insurance premiums. 
Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
OSHA W A GENERAL HOSPIT At 
Oshawa, Ontario 


NOVEMBER 1967 



. REGISTERED NURSES 
are cOrdially invited fa 
invesfigafe fhe ma ny 
challenging appartunifies 
On the perma nent sfaff of 
MONTEFIORE HOSPITAL 
& MEDICAL CENTER. 


. MONTE FIORE HOSPITAL 
one of fhe largesf valunfary 
hospitals in fhe U.S.A., has 
a dynamic and progressive 
nursing deparfment. 


. Applicatians from MALE 
NURSES are also invifed. 


NEW YORK CITY U.S.A. 
TORONTO 
INTERVIEWS 
NOV. 10-25. 1967 


. VISA AND LICENSURE: Complete assistance in Canada 
and U.S.A. You furnish the details and we do the process- 
ing. 
. TRANSPORTATION: Camplefely paid. 
. SALARY & ADVANCEMENT: High starfing salary with fwo 
guaranfeed increments during fhe firsf year. 
. SHIFT DIFFERENTIAL SALARY BONUS: $125-150/month ad- 
ditional salary far evening and nighf shifts. 
. WORK WEEK: 383/4 hour work week. 
. HOUSING: Luxury, furnished flafs at very law cost. 
. UNIFORMS: Annual uniform allowance; free laundry ser- 
vice. 


. VACATIONS: 4 weeks annually. 
. HOLIDAYS: II additional paid halidays. 
. SICK LEAVE: 10 days annually. 
. INSURANCE: Free medical plan and life insurance. 
. SOCIAL ACTIVITIES: Planned pragrammes, including fhea- 
fre, culfural activities, dances, parties, bowling, glee club, 
horseback riding, and many others. 


. Our DIRECTOR OF 
NURSING will conduct 
persanal interviews 
and will make firm 
offers fo qualified 
nurses. 


. To schedule on 
interview, pleose send 
brief details of your 
training and experience 
fa: 


Mr. B. W. Harris 
11 E. 36 St. 
New York, N.Y. 10016 
U.S.A. 


Telephone: 
(212) 889.S8OO 


MONTEFIORE HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL CENTER 


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Applications are invited lor the position 01 


- 
- 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
by April 1 sl 1968 


at 


TRENTON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 
TRENTON, ONT. 


THE SCARBOROUGH 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


This position carries responsibility for the co-ordin- 
ation of all facets of nursing activity within this 
l50-bed acute treatment hospital and plans for 46 
chronic bed extension within one year. 


Invifes applicafions from General Duty Nurses. Excellenf personnel 
policies. An acfive ond sfimulating In-Service Educafion and 
Orientation Progromme. A modern Manogemenf Troining Pro. 
gromme to assist the coreer-minded nUrse 10 assume monagerial 
positions. Solory is commensurafe with experience and abilify. We 
encourage you to take advantage of the opporfunilies affered in 
this new and expanding teaching hospifal wifh ifs extended ser- 
vices in Paediafrics, Orthopaedics, Psychiatry, Cardiology, Plastic 
Surgery, Operafing Room, Emergency, ond Intravenous Therapy. 


Applicants should have a degree in nursing service 
administration as well as experience on applicable 
level. 


Applications, Or requests lor additional inlormation 
should be addressed to: 


For lurther inlormation write to: 
Director of Nursing 
Scarborough Ceneral Hospital 
Scarborough 
Metropolitan Toronto, Ontario 


H. F. NAUDETT, Administrator 
TRENTON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 
Trenton, Ontario 


NOVEMBER 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 67 



THE HOSPITAL 


FOR 


SICK CHILDREN 


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OFFERS: 


I. Satisfying experience. 


2. Stimulating and friendly en- 
vironment. 


3. Orientation and In-Service 
Education Program. 


4. Sound Personnel Policies 


5. Liberal vacation. 


APPLICATIONS FOR REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS INVITED. 


For detailed information 
please write to: 


The Assistant Director 
of Nursing 
AUXILIARY STAFF 


555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Ontario, Canada 


68 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 


HOSPITAL - 
Newly expanded 350-bed hospital. Progressive patient care con- 
cept. 


SALARY - 
General Staff Nurses (Currently Registered in Ontario) $400.00 - 
$480. - 5-increments. 
Registered Nursing Assistants (Currently Registered in Ontario) 
$295.00 - $331.00, - 3 increments. 
HOUSING - 
Furnished apartments available at subsidized rates. 


JOB SATISFACTION- 
High quality patient care and friendly working environment. We 
appreciate our personnel and encourage their professional develop- 
.ment. 


You are invited to enquire concerning employment opportunities to: 
Director of Nursing 


HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 


200 Church Street, Weston, Ontario 
Telephone 249-8111 (Toronto) 


CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Requires 


Registered General Duty Nurses 
AND 
Certified Nursing Aides 
(Registered Nursing Assistants) 


This is a modern, 1,000-bed hospital including a new 200-bed conval- 
escent-rehabilitation section. 
Benefits include pension plan, sick leave, plus a liberal vacation policy. 
REGISTERED NURSES SALARY: 1967 $380 - 450 
1968 $405 - 485 
with recognition for experience and post-graduate preparation. 
CERTIFIED NURSING AIDES SALARY: $260 - 300 plus shift differential for 
evening and night duty. 


Apply to: 
Personnel Assistant 


CALCARY CENERAL HOSPITAL 
841 Centre Avenue East, Calgary, Alberta 


NOVEMBER 1967 



What does 
Methodist Hospital 
have to offer me? 


At the Methodist Hospital, where research is a part 
of progress, a nursing career takes on new horizons - 
rich in meaning and professional satisfaction. 
If you're looking for the chance to be the nurse 
you've always dreamed of - coming to the world 
famous Methodist Hospital can be an adventure - 
almost like stepping into the future - splendid 
facilities, So much advance equipment and 
everywhere the newest medical and patient care 
techniques are in use. 
Some of the best aspects of nursing at METHODIST 
are as old as medicine itself - there is a spirit of 
kindness and consideration, and emphasis on patient 
care, that make this a hospital where nursing is 
satisfying and rewarding, day by day. 
Methodist Hospitat is right in the center of the world's 
great Medical, Research and Educational complexes. 
HOUSTON is an exciting city - rodeo and opera, 
pro-football and the famous Alley Theatre, water sports 
and beaches an hour or less away, the Houston 
Symphony and the Astrodome! 


A Few Quick Facts: We're affiliated with Baylor 
University College of Medicine and associated with 
Texas Woman's University College of Nursing. 
New $9\12 million Cardiovascular and Orthopedic 
Research Center will open soon. Our Inservice 
Education Department gives you thorough 
orientation, and continued instruction in new 
concepts and techniques. You'll find every 
encouragement to broaden your skills, 
including tuition assistance in obtaining 
turther education in nursing. 


Send for Your Colorful Informative Illustrated 
Brochure. . . to learn about Methodist Hospital, 
Houston, positions available, salary and employment 
benefits, tuition allowance, complimentary room 
accommodation and our Nurse Specialist Programs. 
Write, call or send coupon, Director of Personnel, 
The Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, 
Houston, Texas 77025 


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r-------------------------------------. 
I Director of Personnel, THE METHODIST HOSPITAL, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77025 I 
I Please send me your brochure about nursing opportunities at THE METHODIST HOSPITAL-Texas Medical Center I 
I I 
I Name I \ 
I Add ress I 
I I 
I City State Zip Code I 
L_____________________________________ 


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HOSPITAL: 
A newly exponded 257 bed hospitol with such progressive 
care cOncepts os a 12-bed I.C.U., 22-bed psychiafric and 
24-bed self core unit. 
IDEAL lOCATION: 
45 minufes from downtown Toronto, 15-30 minufes from ex- 
cellent summer and winter resort areas. 
SALARIES: 
Regisfered Nurses: $400.00 - $480.00 per mOnth. 
Registered Nursing Assisfants: $295.00 - $331.00 per month. 
FURNISHED APARTMENTS: 
Swimming pool, tennis courts, etc. (see above) 
OTHER BENEFITS: 
Medical and hospital insurance, group life insurance, pension 
plan, 40 hour week. 
Please address 01/ enquiries to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL 
596 Davis Drive 
Newmarket, Ontario 


NOVEMBER 1967 


MAIMONIDES HOSPITAL 
AND HOME FOR THE AGED 


AN OPPORTUNITY.... 
A CHALLENGE.... 
A NEW EXPERIENCE.... 


SUPERVISORS, STAFF NURSES, NURSING 
ASSISTANTS, INSTRUaORS, PSYCHIATRIC 
NURSE: 


We invite you to join the nursing staH of New Mai. 
monides. 


LIBERAL VACATION 
PENSION PLANS . 
MENSURA TE WITH 


HEALTH AND 
SALARIES COM- 
RECOGNIZED SCALES 


Apply to: 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


5795 Caldwell Avenue 
Montreal 29, Quebec 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 69 



nurses 


who want to 
nurse 


At York Central you can join 
an active, interested group of 
nurses who want the chance to 
nurse in its broadest sense. Our 
I 26-bed, fully accredited hospi- 
tal is young, and already talking 
expansion. Nursing is a profes- 
sion we respect and we were the 
first to plan and develop a unique 
nursing audit system; new mem- 
bers of our nursing staff do not 
necessarily start at the base salary 
of $400 per month but get added 
pay for previous years of work. 
There are opportunities for gain- 
ing wide experience, for getting 
to know patients as well as staff. 


Situated in Richmond Hill, all 
the cultural and entertainment fa- 
cilities of Metropolitan Toronto 
are available a few miles to the 
South. " and the winter and 
summer holiday and week-end 
pleasures of Ontario are easily 
accessible to the North. If you 
are really interested in nursing. 
you are needed and will be made 
welcome. 


Apply in person or b
 mail to the 
Director of Nursing. 


YORK 
CENTRAL 
HOSPITAJ
 


RICHMOND HILL, 
O;-.iTARIO 
NEW STAFF RESIDENCE 


70 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


UNIVERSITY OF ALBERT A 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
Invites applications for Faculty 
Appointments in: 
-PSYCHIATRIC 
NURSING 
-MEDICAL-SURGICAL 
NURSING 
-OBSTETRICAL 
NURSING 


in the four-year basic degree program. 
Effective date of emplayment July, 1968. 
Salaries in accard with University af AI- 
berfa salary schedule and commensurate 
with qualifications ond experience. Mas- 
ter's degree ar higher preferred. 


APPLY TO: 
Ruth E. McClure, Director 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA 
Edmonton, Alberta 


ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING 


Applications are invited for the 
above position in a fully ac- 
credited 163-bed General Hos- 
pital in beautiful Northern On- 
tario. 


Desirable qualifications should 
include B.S.N. Degree with ex- 
perience in supervision. 


For further information, 
Write to: 


Director of Nursing 


KIRKLAND and DISTRICT HOSPITAL 


Kirkland Lake, Ontario. 


SUNNYBROOK 
HOSPITAL 


REGISTERED NURSES 


General Duty Nurses on rotating 
shifts are needed as part of the 
re-organization of Sunnybrook as 
a university teaching hospital. 
Employment in our Nursing Ser- 
vices Department includes: 


Metro Toronto Salary Scale 
Accommodation at reduced 
rates. Full range of fringe 
benefits 


Three weeks vacation after 
1 year 


Good location 
subway on 
grounds. 


bus from 
to hospital 


For additional information, 
please write: 
Director of Personnel 
and Public Relations, 


SUNNYBROOK HOSPITAL 


2075 Bayview Avenue 
Toronto 12, Ontario 


NOVEMBER 1967 



SCARBOROUGH CENTENARY HOSPITAL 


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Invites Applications For: 


CENERAL STAFF R.N. 
CENERAL STAFF R.N.A. 


This modern 525-bed hospitol is fully equipped with the latest 
facilities to assist personnel in patient care and embraces fhe most 
modern concepfs of team nursing. Excellent personnel policies are 
available. Progressive staff and management development programs 
offer fhe maximum opportunifies for those who are interested. 
Salary is commensurafe wifh experience and ability. 


For further information, please direct your enquiries to: 
Personnel Department 
SCARBOROUGH CENTENARY HOSPITAL 
2867 Ellesmere Rd., Scarborough, Ontario 


GOVERNMENT OF THE YUKON TERRITORY 


Registered Nurses required for positions at Mayo 
General Hospjfal (16 beds) and Sf. Mary's Hospital 
(10 beds), Dawson City, Yukon Territory. 


Commencing salary $462.67 per month. Residence 
rates $50.00 per month full room and board. 


Economy air fare will be paid from Toronto or 
intermediate points. 


Application forms and personnel policies in 
effect may be obtained from: 


The Commissioner 


GOVERNMENT OF THE YUKON TERRITORY 


P. O. Box 2703 


Whitehorse, Yukon Territory 


NOVEMBER 1967 


. Are you dissafisfied wifh your position? 


. Would you like a change? 


. Would you like to meet new people? 


THIS 


. Would you like to increase your nUrs- 
ing skills? 


15-SECOND TEST 


. Would you like fo work where 
there is an active research pro- 
gram? 


COULD 


. Are you adaptable? 


. Do you enjoy winfer and summer 
sports? 


CHANGE 


. Do you crave mOre cultural advan- 
tages? 


YOUR 


. Is your life a little boring right nOw? 


. Do you sense excifemenf in a change? 


FUTURE 


If your answer is YES you will like work- 
ing af this 1087 bed 1eaching hospital. 
Apply in wrifing fO: 


Miss B. Jean Milligan. Reg. N.. M.A., 
Assistant Director, 
Ottawa Civic Hospital, 
1053 Carling Ave., Ottawa 3, Onto 


NORTHERN ONTARIO 
REGIONAL SCHOOL OF NURSING 


Applications are invited from teachers interested in 
developing two-plus-one diploma programme in this 
new school. First class of 30 students September 
1968. New Building being erected. 


QUALIFICATIONS: B.Se.N. or 
Diploma in Nursing Education or 
Public Health Nursing 


Excellent Salary and personnel policies. 


located near good golfing, hunting, fishing, boat- 
ing, skiing, and all other winter sports. 


Apply to: 
The Director 


NORTHERN ONTARIO REGIONAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
cJ 0 Kirkland and District Hospital 
Kirkland Lake, Ontario 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 71 




 


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Applications are invited from 
REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


For full time, 40 hour week, Rotation Duty. 
One Weekend off Duty every three weeks. 
Vacancies in Medical, Surgical, Obstetric, 
Paediatric, Operating Room, Intensive Care 
and Emergency Unit. Active Inservice and 
Orientation programs as well as excellent 
personnel policies and fringe benefits. 


Director of Nursing 


TORONTO EAST GENERAL 
AND ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL 


Toronto 13, Ontario 


NURSES 


EXECUTIVE AND GENERAL DUTY STAFF 
:- -
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Victoria Hospital - London, Ontario 


OPPORTUNITIES 


Unlimifed challenge to progress wifhin a modern, 1,000 bed teach- 
ing hospital, affiliated wifh The University of Western Ontario, 
(situofed in fhe heart of Southwestern Onfario.) Wide choice of 
specialties includes:- 
MEDICINE 
OBSTETRICS 
OPERATING ROOM 
INTENSIVE CARE UNIT 
DIALYSIS UNIT 


SURGERY 
PAEDIATRICS 
RECOVERY ROOM 
CORONARY CARE UNIT 
PSYCHIATRY 


BENEFITS 


-Top salaries and personnel policies 
--4()"hour work week 
-28 days vacation, executive nursing personnel 
-21 days vacation, general duty staH 
-IB days sick leave 
FOR FURTHER DETAILS WRITE TO: 
Director of Nursing 
VICTORIA HOSPITAL 
London - Or tario 


72 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


- 


GENERAL STAFF NURSES 


required lor 


RECINA CENERAL HOSPITAL 


openings in all departments 
including new Intensive Care Unit 


STARTING SALARY $401 
Recognition Given For Experience 
Progressive Personnel Policies 


Apply: 


Personnel Department 
REGINA GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Regina, Saskatchewan 


I 
NEED 
YOU 


- .... 
... .. 


- 


TO CARE FOR ME AT 
U.S. PHS ALASKA NATIVE HOSPITALS 
WANTED: PROFESSIONAL NURSES FOR 
CIVIL SERVICE POSITIONS 
EXCELLENT SALARIES 
PROMOTIONAL OPPORTUNITIES 
TRAVEL 
CIVIL SERVICE BENEFITS 
NEW EXPERIENCES 
For Details W rite To: 
AREA PERSONNEL OFFICER 
U.S. PHS ALASKA NATIVE HEALTH AREA OFFICE 
BOX 7-741 
ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 
EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER 
NOVEMBER 196: 



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THE UNIVERSITY OF 
ALBERTA HOSPITAL 


is accepting applications from 
Registered Nurse Candidates for 
a 6 month course in Operating 
Room Technique and Manage- 
ment. 
The class will commence March 
4, 1968. 


For further information apply to : 
The Director of Nursing 


THE UNIVERSITY OF 
ALBERTA HOSPITAL 
Edmonton, Alberta. 


HEAD NURSE 


Obstetrical Department 


To be responsible for the opera- 
tion of a 39-bed unit in this 
modern hospital. Consideration 
given to post graduate prepara- 
tion and/or experience. 
Residence accommodation in 
private rooms at $20.00 per 
month. Salary to be negotiated. 
Personnel policies and fringe 
benefits excellent. 


Please apply to: 
Miss L. M. R. Lambe, 
Director of Nursing 


WELLAND COUNTY GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 


Weiland, Ontario 


NOVEMBER 1967 


BELLEVILLE 
GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 


Located in Ontario's Summer Resort 
Area with easy access by rail or 
Road to major cities and U.S.A. 


OPERATINC ROOM SUPERVISOR 


A new hospital being completed this year will increase the existing 
bed capacity to 450. An operating room complex incorporating auto- 
mated systems for equipment and material supply will lead the way in 
modern hospital operation. 
SALARY: Commensurate with preparation and experience with annual 
merit increments. Excellent personnel policies. Generous vacation allow- 
ance and sick beneits. 


CONTACT: 


Director of Nursing Service 


BELLEVILLE CENERAL HOSPITAL 
Belleville, Ontario 


LAKEHEAD REGIONAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
PORT ARTHUR, ONTARIO 


4 


FOOTHILLS HOSPITAL 


requires 


.. - -; 

llIlIlø.' 


CALGARY, ALBERTA 


TEACHERS 


REGISTERED NURSES 


QUALIFICATONS - Bachelor's 
Degree with experience prefer- 
red. 
Proximity of new School building 
to Lakehead University offers 
opportunity for further study. 
A challenge for teachers inter- 
ested in the planning and de- 
velopment of a new program. 
The first class of students will 
be enrolled in September 1968. 


Applications are invited for po- 
sitions in Nursing Education and 
Nursing Service in a 766-bed 
acute general hospital opened 
in June, 1966. 


Experience is available in all 
major services. 


Apply: 


Additional information and 
application forms may be obtained 
by contacting: 


Director 
LAKEHEAD REGIONAL SCHOOL 
OF NURSING 
cj 0 The General Hospital of 
Port Arthur 
Port Arthur, Ontario 


Personnel Department 


FOOTHILLS HOSPITAL 


Calgary. Alberta 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 73 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


Required for 35-bed modern acute hospi- 
fal, locafe in Soufhern B.C. Formol troin- 
ing ond experience in nursing odminisfro- 
tion preferred. Suife ovoiloble in modern 
residence. Salory to be nego1ioted. Formal 
dufies to storf Jonuory 1st, 196B, but 
would prefer suifoble appliconf fo sfort 
prior fO this dafe. 


Apply to: 
Administrator 
BOUNDARY HOSPITAL 
Grand Forks 
British Columbia 


SUPERVISOR OF NURSING 


required by 


QUEENS GENERAL HOSPITAL 
LIVERPOOL, NOVA SCOTIA 
(55-bed capocity) 


II is preferred thof fhe appliconf hove a 
diplomo ond experience in nursing service 
adminisfrotion. 
Salary commensurafe wifh quolificofions 
ond experience. 


For lurther particulars apply to: 


Superintendent 
QUEENS GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Liverpool, Nova Scotia 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 


ST. THOMAS.ELGIN GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Requires 


CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR (Medical) 


Annual enrollment of 50 sfudenfs. 


B.Sc.N. preferred. University Diplomo oc- 
cepfable. Solory commensurate wifh qua- 
lificafions ond experience. 


Apply: 
Director of Nursing 
ST. THOMAS-ELGN 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
St. Thomas, Onto 


74 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


ASSISTANT DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


required lor 


BAYCREST CENTER FOR 
GERIATRIC CARE 


BAYCREST HOSPITAL - 200-beds 
Accredited Chronic Diseose and Rehab. 
Hospifol 


Minimum of 3 yeors experience. Prefer- 
ence given fo B.Sc.N. Appliconfs wifh 
Post-bosic educotion, i.e., diplomo course, 
efc., considered. Ability to direct ond 
conducf In-Service-Educofion essenfial. 


Apply giving luft details: 
Director of Nursing 
BAYCREST HOSPITAL 
3560 Bathurst St., 
Toronto 19, Ontario 


CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR 


FOR OPERATING 
ROOM 


required by 


ROYAL COLUMBIAN 
HOSPITAL 
School of Nursing 
New Westminster 
British Columbia 


For lurther inlormation contact: 


Director of Nursing 


KELOWNA GENERAL HOSPITAL 


OKANAGAN VALLEY, B. C. 


VACANCY OPEN 
FOR NURSING OFFICE 
NURSING SERVICE 
SUPERVISOR 


Preporotion and experience in nursing 
service odministration required, degree 
preferred. 


Applications and enquiries to: 


Director of Nursing 
KELOWNA GENERAL HOSPITAL 
2268 Pandosy Street 
Kelowna, B.C. 


HOTEL DIEU HOSPITAL 


Kingston, Ontario 


A Poslgroduafe Course in Operafing 
Room Technique and Manogemenf is now 
availoble at this Hospilol. The nexf closs 
of six monfhs durotion will be admilled 
Moy !sf, 1968. 


For lurther inlormation and details, 
write to: 


Director of Nursing Servkc! 
HOTEL DIEU HOSPITAL 
Kingston, Ontario 


RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL 
OF OTTAWA 


A new, oir-conditioned 340-bed hospifol. 
Applicotions ore coiled for Nurses for the 
positions of: 


ASSISTANT HEAD NURSES, 
GENERAL STAFF NURSES 


and 
REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSIST ANTS 


Address aft enquiries to: 
Director of Nursing 
RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL 
OF OTTAWA 
1967 Riverside Drive, 
Ottawa, Ontario 


NORQUA Y .CANORA 
UNION HOSpn AL 


invites applications lor two 


GENERAL STAFF POSITIONS 


This is 0 15-bed fully modern hospitol 
locoted in fhe beoutiful parklond oreo 
of Saskafchewan. Salory commences 01 
$365.00 per monfh wifh odjusfmenf for 
experience ond exfro Iroining. Living 
occommodofions in residence of $20.00 
per monfh. Transportofion cosfs will be 
advanced. 


For lurther policies write to: 


Mrs. J. M. Keast 
Director of Nursing Services 
Canora Union Hospital 
Canora, Sask. 


NOVEMBER 1967 



WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Requires 


GENERAL STAFF NURSES 


All Departments 


Apply: 


Director of Nursing 
WOODSTOCK GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 
Woodstock, Ontario 


I 


McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL 


requires 


Registered Nurses for Generol Staff. The 
hospifol is friendly ond progressive. 
It is now in the beginning sfages of 0 
$3,500,000 progrom of exponsion ond 
renovofion. 


- Openings in 011 services. 
- Proximity to Lokeheod University 
ensures opporfunify for furfhering 
education. 


For full particulars write to: 
Director 
of Nursing Service 
McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL, 
Fort William, Ontario. 


REGISTERED NURSES 


For new l00-bed Generol Hospitol in fhe 
beginning stoges of on exponsion pro- 
grom, locoted on the beoutiful Loke of the 
Woods. Three hours' trovel fime from 
Winnipeg with good fronsportofion ovail- 
oble. Wide voriety of summer ond win- 
fer sports - swimming, booting, fishing, 
golfing, skofing, curling, toboggoning, 
skiing. 
Solory: $415 with allowonce for experi- 
ence. Residence ovoilable. Good per- 
sonnel policies. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
KENORA GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Kenora, Ontario 


NOVEMBER 1967 


PORT COLBORNE 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


PORT COLBORNE, ONTARIO 


STAFF NURSES 


required 


For 166-bed hospitol within eosy driving 
disfonce of Americon ond Conodion me- 
fropolitan cenfres. Considerafion given for 
previous experience obfoined in Canodo. 
Completely furnished oporfment-style resi- 
dence, including balcony ond swimming 
pool focing loke, odjocent to hospitol. 


Apply: 
Director of Nursing 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Port Colborne,Ontario 


REGISTERED NURSES 


Qualified or Interested in Qualifying for 
Employment in Intensive Cardiac Care Unit 


GENERAL STAFF NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 


Modern 395-bed, fully occredited Generol 
Hospitol with School of Nursing. 
Excellent personnel policies, O.H.A. pen- 
sion pion. 
Pleosont, progressive, industriol cify of 
23,000. 


Apply: 
Personnel Officer 
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
St. Thomas, Ontario 


ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 
LONDON, ONTARIO 


Teoching Hospitol, 600 beds, new facilities 


requires: 


REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


For further information apply: 


The Director of Nursing 
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 
London, Ontario 


REGISTERED NURSES 


required by 


Wascana Hospital 
REGINA, SASK. 


Solary: Incremenfs gronted for experi- 
ence. 


Dufies: For general duty nursing in this 
300-bed hospital specializing in pro- 
grams for chronic diseases and physical 
medicine. 


Apply: 
SASKATCHEWAN PUBLIC 
SERVICE COMMISSION 
Legislative Building 
Regina, Saskatchewan 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
EDUCATION 


Moster's degree preferred; fo conducf 
bosic nursing program ond affjliote pro- 
grom. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, 
CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL 
OF WINNIPEG, 
Winnipeg, Manitoba. 


MEDICINE HAT 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


MEDICINE HAT, ALBERTA 


STAFF NURSES 


Currenf Recommended 
Solory Scoles 


Apply: 


Director of Nursing 
or any 
CANADA MANPOWER CENTRE 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 75 



REGISTERED NURSES 


required for 


B2-bed hospifal. Sifuafed in the Niogoro 
Penmsulo. Tronsportotion assistonce. 


For salory rofes ond personnel policies, 


apply to: 
Director of Nursing 


HALDIMAND WAR MEMORIAL 
HOSPITAL 


Dunnville, Ontario 


222 BID GENERAL HOSPITAL 


requires 


STAFF NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


Cornwoll is nofed for its summer ond 
winter sport oreos, and is on hour ond 0 
holf from both Montreol ond Ottawo. 
Progressive personnel policies include 4 
weeks vocofion. Experience and post-bosic 
cerfificofes are recognized. 


Apply to: 
Ass't. Director of Nursing 
(Service) 
CORNWALL GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Cornwall, Ontario 


ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING SERVICE 


Applications ore invifed for the posifion 
of Assistonf Direcfor of Nursing Service 
for 0 291-bed fully occredited Generol 
Hospitol. 


Preference will be given to oppliconts 
wifh preparotion ond experience in nurs- 
ing service adminisfrotion. 


Apply to: 


Director of Nursing Service 
THE GENERAL HOSPITAL 
OF PORT ARTHUR 
Port Arthur, Ontario 


76 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


REGISTERED NURSES 


AND 


REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


For 300 bed Accredifed Generol Hospitol 
situated in the picturesque Grond River 
Volley. 6() miles from Toronfo. 
Modern well-equipped hospital providing 
quolity nursing core. 
Excellent personnel policies. 


For further information write: 


Director of Nursing Service 
SOUTH WATERLOO MEMORIAL 
HOSPITAL, 
Galt, Ontario 


A REGISTERED NURSE 
BILINGUAL 


Required for a Supervisory Position in 0 
modern BO-bed hospifol expanding to 
150 beds. Locofed in the Easfern T own- 
ships, on ollrocfive, dynomic community 
50 miles soufh of Monfreol. Postgroduofe 
troining in Supervision an osset. Solory 
in occordonce with Quebec Hospifal In- 
surance Service. 


Write to: 


Director of Nursing 
BROME-MISSISQUOI-PERKINS 
HOSPITAL 
Cowansville, Quebec 


PETERBOROUGH CIVIC HOSPITAL 


School of Nursing requires 


INSTRUCTRESS (Nursing Arts) 
INSTRUCTRESS (Medical-Surgical Area) 
New self-contoined educotion building for 
school of nursing now open. 
Trent University is sifuoted in Peferborough 


For further information write to: 


Director of Nursing 
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC 
HOSPITAL 
Peterborough, Ontario 


HAMMERSMITH HOSPITAL 
AND THE 
ROYAL POSTGRADUATE 
MEDICAL SCHOOL 


Du Cane Road, Landon, W.12, England 


THEATRE STAFF NURSES 
IF YOU ARE A TRAINED NURSE VISITING 
LONDON TO FURTHER YOUR EXPERIENCE 
IN NURSING 
you are invited to join the staff of ,he 
above General Postgraduate Teaching Hes. 
pital af 712 beds, where a six manth's 
course in advanced techniques in general 
and specialist surgery is affered ta STAFF 
NURSES wha have had previaus past-regis- 
tration theatre experience. This course would 
be eminently suitable for Staff Nurses aim- 
ing at promotion. 
Previous experience as D qualified nurse 
may be taken into Dccount in determining 
the commencing salary within the scale of 
1:690 ta 1:850 per annum, plus 1:75 Landan 
Allowance if non-resident. Pos's may be 
resident or non-resident. 
The Hospital is situated close to many 
places of interest in London. 
Further details may be obtained from Miss 
M. F. Fraser Gamble, Matron. 


BE THE NURSE OF TOMORROW TODAY! 
ON BEAUTIFUL GALVESTON ISLAND 


THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS 
HOSPITALS 
AT GALVESTON, TEXAS 
A planned pre-Service Education Program 
A Continuation Education Program 
Unit Management System Operating in all 
Haspltals 
A Clinical Area Supervisor of In-Service 
Education for 08 and Medicine areas. 
Liberal Personnel Policies. 
STAFF NURSE SALARIES 
$514-$650, based an backgraund af experi- 
ence and educatian. $60 differential far 
nigths ar twa-shift ratatian. $90 differen- 
tial for evenings or three-shift rotation. 
Positions in Psychiatry, Pediatrics, OB-Gyn 
Medicine, Surgery, Operating Room, Recovery 
Raam and Clinical Study Center. 
Write to: 
DIRECTOR OF RECRUITMENT 
UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS 
HOSPITALS 
Galvesfan, Texas 77550 I 
WE ARE AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY 
EMPLOYER 


CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS 


required 


with preporofion and experience. Eligible 
for B. C. Regisfrotion. Medicol, Surgicol 
ond Poediofric oreas. 


Sfudent enrollment - 200 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
Victoria, B. C. 


NOVEMBER 1967 



...... 


OPERATING ROOM 
SUPERVISOR 


': 


Postgraduate trained. 


For 61-bed well-equipped 
hospital. 


Apply: 


Administrator 
WILLETT HOSPITAL 


Paris, Ontario 


RED DEER JUNIOR COLLEGE 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
EDUCA nON 
AND 
INSTRUCTORS IN NURSING 
DtRECTOR This position will require 0 
person with 0 degree in nursing education 
to be responsible under the dean's direction 
for the organization and operation of D 
two-year programme of nursing education. 
Experience with current programmes of 
nurses' training desirable. Duties will begin 
in January, 1968 or earlier, if possible. 
INSTRUCTORS A degree in nursing is 
desirable for these positions. The applicant 
should be capable of giving instruction in 
the practicel aspects of nursing education 
ond should be competent to toke charge 
of D group of students during ,heir clinical 
experience in the hospitals. 
Persons interested may write for further 
details and for Dpplication forms to: 
G. H. DAWE 
Supe,intendent of Schools 
RED DEER PUBLIC SCHOOL 
DISTRICT No. 104 
4747.53 Street, Red Deer, Alberto 


DIRECTOR 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 


Applicotipns are invited for the obove 
position in on ultro-modern School of 
Nursing locofed in Soufh Western On- 
torio. 


Annuol enrollmenf of 50 students. 


Two-Plus-One progrom commencing Sep- 
tember, 1968. 
Minimum requirement - B.Sc.N wifh 
several yeors experience. 


Apply: 
Chairman 
Board of Nursing Education 
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
St. Thomas, Ontario 


NOVEMBER 1967 


SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 
COOKSVILLE, ONTARIO 


REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 


For all Departments and a new Psychi- 
atric wing. 
Subsidized employee benefits ond good 
personnel policies in effect. 
Modern, furnished aportmenfs ovailable. 


For information and application, 
ptease write to: 
Director of Nursing 
SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 
Cooksville, Ontario 


REGISTERED NURSES 


required 


For modern IOOO-bed occredited hospital. 
Excellent odvoncement opporfunities. 
Wide ronge of services provided in 
Surgery, Medicine, Emergency, Intensive 
Core, Chronic, Moternify, Psychiofric, Or- 
thopoedic, etc. Excellent woges and be- 
nefits program including 10 statufory 
holidoys. 


Please apply to: 
Personnel Department 
HENDERSON GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 
Hamilton, Ontario 


POSITIONS OPEN 


Director of Nursing Educotion. Preferoble 
holding 0 Mosfers Degree. Also Insfruc- 
tors wifh Bochelors Degree in Nursing or 
Posf-Graduote training. 


270-bed occredited hospital. 


ABERDEEN HOSPL T AL 


New Glasgow 
Nova Scotia 


WILSON MEMORIAL 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


requires 


REGISTERED NURSES FOR 
GENERAL DUTY 
REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 


20-bed hospifol. Situated in 0 thriving 
Norfhwestern Onforio community. 
Room ond boord provided. 


For full particulars, 
Write to: 
Director of Nursing 
Marathon, Ontario 


REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 


required for 


BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Construction of 0 new hospital scheduled 
for complefion November 1967 will in- 
crease the bed copocify to 450. Included 
in the new hospitol will be the Friesen 
concept of equipment ond material sup- 
ply. Solory commensurofe with p,eporo- 
tion ond experience. Benefits include Co- 
node Pension Plan, Hospifol Pension Pion, 
Group life Insuronce. Accumulative sick 
leove. Ontario Hospifal Insurance ond 
P.S.1. - 50% poymenf by hospital. 


Apply: 


Personnel Director 
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Belleville, Ontario 


LABORATORY TECHNICIAN 
FORT CHURCHILL 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Regisfered laborafory fechnicion for 51- 
bed octive treotment hospifol in Northern 
Manifobo, with medicol sfoff of three 
doctors. Must be oble to perform proce- 
dures in fields of hemofology, bocterio- 
logy, grouping and cross-motching blood, 
biochemisfry. Salory $490-$570 per 
month plus $20 minimum coli bock pay. 


Apply stating experience and 
references to: 


The Administrator 
FORT CHURCHILL 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Fort Churchill, Manitoba 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 77 



I I 


UNITED STATES 


UNITED STATES 


TEAM LEADER opportunities in North Miomi. The 
newly expanded 372-bed North Miami General 
Hospital needs evening and night Registered Nurse 
team leaders for its Medical-Surgical Units. Salaries 
are $652-$678 per month depending upon experience. 
Nor,h Miami General is 0 fully accredited five 
year old hospital with liberal fringe benefits and 
D continuing education program for Registered Nurses. 
For D descriptive brochure and hospital policies 
write: North Miami General Hospital, North Miami, 
Florida. J. Larry Sims, Administrative Assistant. An 
equal opportunity employer. 15-1O-2A 


STAFF NURSES: To work in Extended Core or Tuber- 
culosis Unit. Live in lovely suburban Cleveland in 
2-bedroom house for $55 a month including all 
utilities. Modern salary and excellent fringe benefits. 
Write Director of Nursing Service. 4310 Richmond 
Rood. Cleveland. Ohio. 15-361 F 


STAFF NURSES - Here is the opportunity to further 
develop your professional skills and knowledge in our 
t.OOO-bed medical center. We have liberal personnel 
policies with premiums for evening and night tours. 
Our nurses' residence, located in the midst of 33 
cultural and educational institutions, offers low-cost 
housing adiacent to the Hospitals. Write for our booklet 
on nursing opportunities. Feel free to tell us what type 
position you are seeking. Write: Director of Nursing, 
Room 600, University Hospitals of Cleveland, University 
Circle. Cleveland. Ohio 44106 15-36.1G 


Registered Nurse (Scenic Oregon vacation play- 
ground, skiing, swimming, boating & cultural 
events) for 295-bed teaching unit on campus of 
University of Oregon medical school. Salary starts 
at 5575. Pay differential for nights ond evenings. 
liberal policy for advancement, vacations, sick 
leave. holidays. Apply: Multnomah Hospitol. Port. 
land. Oregon. 97201. 15-38-1 


ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 


MONTREAL, QUEBEC 


POSTGRADUATE COURSES 


1. 


(a) Six month clinical course in Obstetrical Nursing. 
Classes - September and March. 
(b) Two month clinical course in Gynecological Nursing. 
Classes following the six month course in Obstetrical 
Nursing. 
(c) Twelve week Course in Care of the Premature infant. 


2. 


Six month course in Operating Room Technique. 
Classes - September and March. 


3. 


Six month course in Theory and Practice in Psychiatric 
Nursing. 
Classes - September and March. 


For inlormation and details 01 the courses, apply to: 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 


Montreal, P.Q. 


78 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


UNIVERSITY Of 
BRITISH COLUMBIA 


School of Nursing 


DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC 
NURSING 
DEGREE COURSE FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 


Both of these courses lead to the 
B.S.N. degree. Graduates are pre- 
pared for public health as well as 
hospital nursing positions. 


DIPLOMA COURSES FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 


1. Public Health Nursing. 
2. Administration of Hospital 
Nursing Units. 
3. psychiatric Nursing. 


For inlormation write to: 
The Director 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 
UNIVERSITY OF H.C. 


Vancouver 8, B.C. 


THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL 
QUEEN SQUAREr LONDON 
W.C.l., ENGLAND 
(NEUROLOGY and 
NEUROSURGERY) 
POST-GRADUATE 
NURSING EDUCATION 


One year courses are open to 
graduates of accredited Schools 
of Nursing with good education- 
al background. 
Three months academic teaching 
in the School of Nursing under 
guidance of Sister Tutor assisted 
by teaching Staff of Senior Neu- 
rologists and Neurosurgeons. 
Eight months Clinical experience. 
Five weeks vacation. 
Certificate and badge of the Hos- 
pital awarded to successful Stu- 
dents. 
Full graduate salary paid 
throughout the year. 
This work has a special appeal 
to nurses interested in research 
and the humanitarian aspect of 
Nursing. 
FOR PROSPECTUS APPLY TO THE 
MATRON 


NOVEMBER 1967 



THE WINNIPEG 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Offers the following opportunify for od- 
vonced preporofion to qualified Registered 
Groduote Nurses: 


A SIX MONTH CLINICAL COURSE 
in 
OPERATING ROOM 
PRINCIPLES AND ADVANCED 
PRACTICE 


The COurse commences in Sepfember of 
eoch yeor. Moinfenonce is provided, and 
o reosonoble stipend is given eoch month. 
Enrolment is limifed to a maximum of 
fen sfudents. 


For further information please 
write to: 


THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
700 William Ave. 
Winnipeg 3 


THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL 
QUEEN SQUARE, W.C.1, and 
MAIDA VALE HOSPITAL, 
W. 9. 


LONDON 
(POST-GRADUATE TEACHING 
HOSPIT ALS) 
NEUROLOGY AND 
NEUROSURGERY 
These unique hospifols of internafional 
repute offer to Regisfered Nurses:- 
I) One yeor course - badge ond certi- 
ficofe owarded. 
2) Operofing Theafre experience. Mini- 
mum period of oppoinfment, four 
months. 
3) General duties on medico I and sur- 
gicol wards, occasionol voconcy at 
Convolescent Hospital (near Hamp- 
steod Heafh), minimum periods of ap- 
pointmenf two months. 
Considerotion given to Nurses wishing to 
toke exfended holidoys. 
This branch of nursing hos 0 speciol op- 
peal to those interested in research and 
the humonitarian ospecf of nursing. 
Further particulars may be 
obtained from: 
Matron 
THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL 
Queen Square, London, W.C.l 
England 


.lOVEMBER 1967 


McMASTER 
UNIVERSITY 


DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC 
NURSING (B.Se.N.) 


A Four-Year Course which pre- 
pares students for all branches 
of community and hospital nur- 
sing practice and leads to the 
degree, Bachelor of Seience in 
Nursing (B.Se.N.). It includes 
studies in the humanities, basic 
sciences and nursing. Bursaries, 
loans and scholarships are a- 
vailable. 


For additional information, 
write to: 
School of Nursing 
McMASTER UNIVERSITY 
Hamilton, Ontario 


Test Pool Examinations 


FOR 


Registration of Nurses 


IN 


Nova Scotia 


To foke place on Februory 21 and 22, 
1968 ot Hahfox ond Sydney. Requests 
for opplicotion forms should be mode of 
once and forms musf be returned to the 
Registrar not later than January 5, 1968 
Togefher with: 
1. Diploma of School of Nursing; 
2. Fee of Twenty-Five Dollars ($25.00). 


Applications received after this date will 
not be accepTed. No undergroduoTe moy 
write unless he or she hos passed suc- 
cessfully 011 final school of nursing eX- 
ominafions and is within nine (9) weeks 
of completion of the course in nursing. 


NANCV H. WATSON. R.N.. 
EXECUTIVE SECRET ARV. 
The Registered Nurses' 
Association of Nova Scotia 
6035 Coburg Road, 
Halifax, N.S. 


THE HOSPITAL 


FOR 


SICK CHILDREN 



 


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YOU 


Receive the advantages of: 


1. Five-week orientation pro- 
gram for new staff. 


2. Ongoing in-service education 
for nurses. 


3. Extensive student education 
program. 
4. Research Institute. 


APPLICATION FOR GENERAL 
DUTY POSITIONS INVITED 


For information contact: 


THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Canada 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 79 



ROYAL INLAND 
HOSPITAL 
Kamloops. B.C. 


INVITES yOU to opply for 0 position in on expanding hospitol. 
There is an opening for you in ony of the services, which include 
Intensive Core, Hoemodiolysis, Psychiafry, Reoctivofion. Hospifal 
is a Regional Hospital ond mojor medico I centre in fhe Interior 
wifh oil general speciolties well represenfed including neurosur- 
gery. 186 bed air-conditioned wing wos complefed in 1966, pre- 
sent renovotion bringing copacify fo 270 beds ond 45 bassinettes 
will be completed in Ocfober. Pions for exponsion to 500 beds ore 
underway. 


Salary as per R.N.A.B.C. contracf. 4 weeks vacation. Cumulafive 
sick leave up to 120 days. Pension and medical coverage pro- 
gramme. Opportunity for advancement. 


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SCHOOL OF NURSING - SCHOOL OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY - 
IN.SERVICE EDUCATION PROGRAMME INCLUDING ORIENTATION 
- SUMMER INTERNE PROGRAMME. 


You will have initial occommodotion provided at nominol cost. 
KAMlOOPS, 0 ropidly expanding indusfriol oreo wifh 0 populotion 
of 35,000, known os the Sunny Sportsman's Paradise - Hub City 
of 8rifish Columbia served by Trons Canoda Highwoy, both mojor 
Roilwoys, ond Airline Services. 


For your enjoyment 0 large voriety of winfer ond summer octi- 
vifies ore available including excellent skiing, golfing, bO:lfing, 
fishing, comping, horsebock riding, flying, dramo, concerts, ond 
an octive adult educotion progromme. 


Applications and enquiries should be addressed to : 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING SERVICE 
ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL 
KAMLOOPS r B.C. 


80 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Index 
to 
advertisers 
November 1967 


American Sterilizer Company 
Ames Company of Canada, Ltd. 
Canadian Sugar Institute . ... .. .. 
Canadian Tampax Corporation Limited 
M.J. Chase Co. Inc. .n 
Collier-Macmillan Canada Ltd. 
Department of Health and Social Welfare 
(Castonguay Report) 59 
Facelle Company Limited Cover II 
Charles E. Frosst & Co. 10 
Hollister Limited .... ....... 14 
Frank W. Horner Company 13,21 
Kayser Roth of Canada (Supp-Hose Stockings) 23 
LaCross Uniform Co. .. .. .... Cover III 
Lakeside Laboratories (Canada) Ltd. 19 
Lewis-Howe Company (Turns) 54 
Mead Johnson Laboratories 20 
C.V. Mosby Co. 2 
Niagara Finance Company Limited 11 
J.T. Posey Company 51 
Poulenc Limited 6 
Reeves Company 56 
Scholl Mfg. Co. Ltd. 57 
Sterilon of Canada Ltd. 1 
White Cross Shoes .. ...... 15 
Winley-Morris Company Ltd. 25, 54 


17 
Cover IV 
55 
9 
25 
53 


Advertising 
Manager 
Ruth H. Baumel, 
The Canadian Nurse 
50 The Driveway, 
Ottawa 4, Ontario 
Advertising Representatives 
Richard P. Wilson, 
219 East Lancaster Avenue, 
Ardmore, Penna. 19003 
Vanco Publications, 
170 The Douway West, 
Suite 408, Don Mills, Ont. 
Member of Canadian 
Circulation Audit Board Inc. 


GÐ:J 


NUVtMtitK 1%; 



December 1967 


u
nVERSITY OF OTTA'NA. 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
OTTAWA. ONT. 


12-6a- 


The 
Canadian 
Nurse 


M. & V. for Christmas dinner 


homosexuality 
among women 


,

, 
0 0 t\o\\


,,1f 
a u1 or 


when patients die 


conception control in 
family planning 


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Luxury Professionals in CAPRICE... the fabric 
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Back zipper fashion skimmer with stylish cowl collar. 
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These beautiful professional uniforms are t)'pical of the famous Whit n Sister styling and fit with the luxury features that make White 
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The two exquisite White Sister luxury professionals seen here (and many others) are available at fine uniform shops and department stores everywhere. 
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THE CLINIC SHOEMAKERS, 1221 LOCUST ST., DEPT. CN-12 ST. LOUIS 3, MO 



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W 8th Edition! Anderson 
L WORKBOOK OF SOLUTIONS AND DOSAGE OF DRUGS 
Including Arithmetic 
The nurse's responsibility in the preparation of solutions and computation of 
drug dosage cannot be overestimated. The absolute precision required must be- 
gin with sound knowledge of the basic arithmetical concepts and how to relate 
these concepts to everyday problems in drug therapy. For nearly 30 years, in- 
structors have depended on Anderson, WORKBOOK OF SOLUTIONS AND 
DOSAGE OF DRUGS to help communicate these vital fundamentals to their 
students. Through several editions. it has been the most widely adopted work- 
book of its kind. Now, in an all-new 8th edition, it offers your students more 
than ever before. This student-centered workbook provides a quick review of 
arithmetic which may be used as a planned pre-course assignment as well as in 
class. Here are a few of the features which highlight this new edition: 
1. Twelve practical, helpful new illustrations; 
2. A newly simplified discussion of manipulation of fractions; 
3. A new presentation of percentage and proportion; 
4. Streamlined coverage of solution preparation, eliminating those solu- 
tions usually available from pharmaceutical houses; 
5. A useful discussion of the surface area rule for pediatric drug dosage. 
Incorporating many suggestions from instructors who used the previous edition, 
this new 8th edition promises to uphold its position as the most popular work- 
book in its field. Consider it for your students for next semester. 


the pharmacology text preferred by 6 out of 7 nursing instructors 
10th Edition Bergersen-Krug 
PHARMACOLOGY IN NURSING 
The leading text in its field through 9 editions, this outstanding work offers a time- 
ly, comprehensive presentation of pharmacology, including authoritative discus- 
sions of the use, preparation and dosage of drugs. It examines how and why 
specific drugs should be administered and explains the expected outcome of drug 
therapy, emphasizing the nurse's responsibility throughout. All drug information 
has been revised in keeping with the U.S. Pharmacopeia (Volume XVII) and the 
National Formulary (Vol. XII), New information in this revision encompasses 
drug legislation affecting professional behavior; evaluation of disinfectant effec- 
tiveness; character and action of autonomic nervous system drugs. An informative 
chapter on psychologic aspects of drug therapy has been added to this edition. 
Helpful learning aids include comparative charts, chapter outlines, review ques- 
tions, an appendix and a glossary. 
PHARMACOLOGY IN NURSING in this timely 10th edition, remains much 
more comprehensive and definitive than any other text in this subject area. 
Are you using it for your COurses? 



 


.oó- 
-- 


"; 


By ELLEN M. ANDERSON, R.N., B.S., 
M.A. Publication date: January, 196B. 
8th edition, approx. 192 pagel, 7 1 /4" 
x 10Vz", 13 illustrations. About $3.BO. 


Sie hJed4 4ð mttd 
tie ie't 
 


Prepare her with the best available 
the new edition of the leading 
workbook for courses in 
Solutions and Dosage, 
now with helpful, practical illustrations 


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By BETTY S. BERGERSEN, R.N., 
M 5; and ELSIE E. KRUG, R.N., 
M.A. Consultant: ANDRES GOTH, 
MD. Publication date: t966. 10th 
edition, 741 pages plus I-XIV, 7" 
x 10" with 35 text illustrations 
and B color plates. Price $B.40. 


THE C. V. MOSBY COMPANY, LTO 
PUblishers 
86 Northline Road. Toronto 16, Ontario 
 


2 THE CANADIAN NURSE DECEMBER 1967 



The 
Canadian 
Nurse 


ð 
'-d 


A monthly journal for the nurses of Canada published 
in English and French editions by the Canadian Nurses' Association 


Volume 63, Number 12 


December 1967 


27 That's What We Want for Christmas 
28 M. & V. for Christmas Dinner 


K. G. Christie 


31 Considerations for Nurse Recruitment 


S. R. Good 


33 When Patients Die: Some Nursing Problems 
37 Conception Control in Family Planning 


J. C. Quint 


E. Dawson 


42 Homosexuality Among Women 
45 Employee Health Service 


H Rancourt and T. Limoges 
N. McNaughton 
W. Lyons 


47 Expectation - Its Role in Nursing Home Care 


48 Can We Afford Small Schools? 


The views expressed in the various articles are the views of the authors and do not 
necessarily represent the policies or views of the Canadian Nurses' Association. 


4 Letters 9 News 
18 Names 20 Dates 
22 New Products 24 In A Capsule 
49 Research Abstracts 50 Books 
8] Index for 1967 55 Accession List 


Cover photo by Milne. Toronto. courtesy of Toronto General Hospital School of 
Nursing. 


Executive Director: Helen K. Mussallem . 
Editor: Vlrgtnta A. Ltndabury . Assistant 
Editor: Glennis N. ZlIm . Editorial As.istant: 
Loral A. Graham . Circulation Manager: Pler- 
reUe HoUe . Advertising Manager: Ruth H. 
Baumel . Subscription Rates: Canada: One 
Year. M.50; two year., 
.OO. Fureign: One 
Year, 
5.00; two years, S9.00. Single copies: 
50 cents each. Make cheques or money orders 
payable to The Canadian Nurse . Change of 
Address: Fûur weeks' notice and the old 
address as well as the new are necessary. Not 
responsible for journals lost in mait due to 
errors in address. 
@ Canadian Nurses' Association, 1967 


Manusertpt Information: "The Canadian 
Nur.e" welcome. unsolicited articles. All 
manuscripts shuuld be typed, double-spaced. 
un one side of unruled paper leaving wide 
margins. Manuscripts are accepted for review 
tor exclusive publication. The editor reserves 
the right to make the usual editoriat changes. 
Photographs (gtossy prints) and graphs and 
diagrams (drawn in india ink on white parer) 
are welcomed with such articles. The editor 
is not committed to publish all articles sent, 
nor to indicate defimte dates of publication. 
4.uthurized as Second-Class Mail by the Post 
Office Department, Ottawa, and for _ payment 
of postage in cash. Postpaid at Montreal. 
Return Pustage Guaranteed. 50 The Driveway 
Ottawa 4. Ontario. ' 


DECEMBER 1967 


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letters 


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Letters to the editor are welcome. 
Only signed letters will be considered for publication 
Name will be withheld at the writer's request. 


Comments on RPN editorial 
Dear Editor: 
I write as a registered nurse who has no 
fears regarding the standard of care ad- 
ministered by registered psychiatric nurses 
in Western Canada. I would suggest that 
colleagues take a long hard look at treat- 
ment facilities and standards of psychia- 
tric care in some areas of the United States, 
which is the origin of Canadian nursing 
trends, compare, think well about the in- 
divdual patient, and then decide. 
With a few notable exceptions, registered 
nurses have consistently neglected their 
responsibilities to the mentally ill and the 
retarded. Many persons in psychiatric serv- 
ices are vaguely aware that this growing 
concern was not readily evident until the 
registered psychiatric nurse began to com: 
pete successfully with the R.N. for some 
of the more attractive positions within 
these services. 
I take issue with the recent editorial 
that based part of its comment on the find- 
ings of that august body, the Hall Commis- 
sion. The Commission noted that large 
mental hospitals are contracting, and with 
a stroke of intellectual brilliance, concluded 
that the need for registered psychiatric 
nurses will diminish. Some time has elapsed 
since this report was formulated; yet the 
demand for registered psychiatric nurses 
continues to increase, not only within hos- 
pitals but in the new psychiatric services 
that are spreading into the community. 
No one can dispute the necessity for the 
Hall Commission, but I must express con- 
cern on the editorial that supports its find- 
ings and then sits in prejudgement by sug- 
gesting the phasing-out of these programs. 
This therapy effectively removed my delu- 
sion that all nurses are democratic. - John 
KelIie, R.N., R.P.N., Portage La Prairie, 
Manitoba. 


Dear Editor: 
I read with interest your editorial on 
psychiatric nursing and the registered psy- 
chiatric nurse in the October issue of 
THE CANADIAN NURSE. One thing stands out 
clearly in this article and that is your lack 
of experience in the field of psychiatric 
nursing. 
The first program in psychiatric nurs- 
ing in Canada was instituted in British 
Columbia in 1930 and was followed by sim- 
ilar programs in the other western provinces. 
Why similar programs were not offered in 
the eastern provinces is unclear. This must 
have resulted in a lower standard of nurs- 
ing care throughout eastern Canada. 


4 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Th:;: above statement is corroborated by 
statistics on the nurse-patient ratio in in- 
stitutions. The ratio in eastern Canada, 
where there is no training for registered 
psychiatric nurses, ranges from one pro- 
fessional nurse per 32 patients in Ontario 
to one per 83 in New Brunswick. Compare 
these figures with the ratio in the western 
provinces where psychiatric nurse training is 
in effect: one professional nurse per six 
patients in Saskatchewan and British Colum- 
bia, and one per 15 in Alberta. These fig- 
ures speak for themselves. It is obvious 
that patients and nurses alike in the western 
provinces are not going to take kindly to 
the suggestion that we regress to the lower 
standards of our eastern provinces. 
In the United Kingdom, both mental and 
general nurses have been trained for many 
years. This system has proved effective, 
and according to the General Nursing Coun- 
cil of England and Wales they have no in- 
tention of "phasing out" their psychiatric 
nurses. It is significant also that the General 
Nursing Council is a Joint Council. Both 
general and mental nurses are on their regis- 
ter. This promotes a better relationship be- 
tween the two fields of nursing and makes 
possible more unified programs of education. 
It is significant, also, that all other Com- 
monwealth countries and the more advanced 
European countries have followed this ex- 
ample and have trained general and mental 
nurSes. The mental hospitals in countries 
utilizing such systems have a much higher 
standard of patient care than those in areas 
where general nurses supervise untrained 
or poorly trained attendants. Is the Editor of 
THE CANADIAN NURSE seriously suggesting 
that we join the ranks of the backward? 
The first reason you give for the phasing 
out of the psychiatric nurse is that the 
patient must be treated as a whole. This 
is true, but as with any sweeping statement, 
there must be sensible modifications. I 
have worked with patients in both areas of 
nursing, general and mental, as have many 
registered psychiatric nurses. While the 
physically ill patient often has emotional 
complications, the reverse is seldom true. 
A mentally ill patient becomes physically 
ill only as often as does any other citizen. 
Should this occur he is immediately trans- 
ferred to the general hospital, if necessary, 
where facilities to deal with his disorder are 
readily available. 
Physical emergencies in a mental hos- 
pital occur no more often than do physical 
emergencies on the streets of our cities. 
It is therefore no more logical to suggest 


that our psychiatric nurses need a complete 
course in general nursing than it is to 
suggest that all citizens should take such a 
course. I agree that a complete course in 
general nursing would be an asset to re- 
gistered psychiatric nurses who wish to take 
such a course. On these grounds I would 
suggest that postgraduate courses for both 
types of nurse should be available. The 
necessity for a general nurse to take post- 
graduate training in psychiatric nursing is 
more logical than for a psychiatric nurse 
to need obstetrics, surgical nursing, operating 
room techniques, and so on. 
The second reason stated for the phasing 
out of the psychiatric nurse is based on 
the concept of integration of the psychia- 
tric and general health service. It has al- 
ready been proved in Great Britain that 
this concept is not completely workable. 
There are insufficient facilities in general 
hospitals for large-scale care of mentally 
disturbed persons. On a small scale this 
can and should be done, but unfortunately 
there will always be a need for mental hos- 
pitals adjacent to general hospitals, or other- 
wise. 
It seems ridiculous that while other health 
workers, such as doctors and social workers, 
are finding it more and more necessary to 
specialize, registered nurses are saying that 
one type of nurse is capable of dealing 
with all types of disorders. This can never 
be true. mnesses, both mental and physical, 
cover too wide an area to be covered com- 
pletely or adequately in a two-year training 
course. 
You wonder why RN's are not attracted 
to this type of nursing. The answer is 
obvious: general nurses and psychiatric 
nurses are two different types of persons. 
The Report of the Royal Commission on 
Health Services, which you quoted, was full 
of inaccuracies, many of which were pointed 
out in the February issue of the Canadiall 
Journal of psychiatric Nursing. Psychiatric 
nurses believe that these recommendations 
by general nurses are forwarded less in the 
interest of the patient than in the interests 
of their own association. 
Back in the 30's, when training programs 
were being set up, general nurses' associ- 
ations were not interested in mental nursing. 
Now that the spade work has been done and 
our nurses are spreading to the east, the 
general nurses suddenly are awakening and 
deciding that this is a field now suitable 
for them. Our registered psychiatric nurses 
now are being sought after by various agen- 
cies in the United States; they are being 
employed by various agencies other than 
DECEMBER 196i 



nental hospitals, general hospitals, and child 
.vel fare agencies all across Canada. and 
:ountless others are clamoring for our gra- 
Juates. And general nurses suggest that we 
:ease training! 
The training programs for psychiatric 
nurses are adequate and equal in all res- 
pects to the training programs offered across 
Canada for registered nurses. There is. of 
course. always room for improvement, and 
we are considering a program based on 
the British system of one-year basic train- 
ing for all nurses, plus one or two years 
of specialization, i.e. general or mental. 
The graduates of these programs could then 
continue their education should they so 
wish. To us this appears to be the answer 
to the problems of both types of nurse. 
The program suggested by the general 
nurses would reduce the immigration to 
Canada of nurses from the U.K.. as neither 
general nor mental nurses trained in the 
u.K. would fit into your proposed pattern 
for nursing. The program that we suggest 
would meet world-wide acceptance. 
Psychiatric nurses have no intention of 
being phased out. This perhaps could have 
been done in the 1940's, but psychiatric 
nurses, who number 5.000. are now a ne- 
cessary and integral part of the health ser- 
vices. I would suggest that registered nurses 
across Canada wake up to the fact that we 
are very much in existence and are here to 
stay. Once the two areas of nursing are 
accepted, the relationship between our as- 
sociations will improve. We are not in- 
terested in general training en bloc. We 
are interested in postgraduate training at a 
university level. and in a better relationship 
with general nurses.. 
Finally. and most important. we are in- 
terested in maintaining a high standard of 
nursing care for the mentally ill and in 
spreading this type of care across Canada. 
- John Martyniw. R.M.N.. R.P.N., pres- 
ident, Psychiatric Nurses' Association of 
Manitoba, Selkirk, Manitoba. 


Dear Editor: 
I read with interest your editorial in the 
October issue on the subject of "psychiatric 
nurses" and agree with everything you have 
said. However I would have added a third 
reason why licensed psychiatric nurses' train- 
ing programs should be phased out. 
It is unfair to young men and women 
who are planning on making nursing their 
career, that the course available to them 
offers them so little scope after graduation. 
Graduates of psychiatric courses given in 
the four Western provinces cannot find em- 
ployment elsewhere on this continent or 
abroad because there is no such category 
of nurse except in Western Canada; even in 
Western Canada employment and oppor- 
tunities for promotion are extremely limited 
unless the individuals take further training 
to qualify for nurse registration. Students 
do not know this until it is too late for 
them to do anything about it. - B.C. Nurse. 
DECEMBER 1967 


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CHUNG HAE KYUNG, KOREAN, 
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 


5 



letters 


Dear Editor: 
In your October editorial you advocated 
a "phasing out of the present programs for 
registered psychiatric nurses" in Western 
Canada. This issue is not only overdue 
but also more complex than your editorial 
would suggest. 
The demands of the Psychiatric Nurses 
Association of Ontario are indeed for an 
additional Register, but our hope is that 
it would be administered by the College of 
Nurses of Ontario and that the professional 
organization for members of such a Register 
would be the Registered Nurses' Associa- 
tion of Ontario. This plan contrasts sharply 
with the existing Western Canadian RPN 
programs, which are separated from the 
rest of the nursing profession since they 
have their own legislation and are not af- 
filiated with the Canadian Nurses' Associa- 
tion or the International Council of Nurses. 
The PNAO has asked that the Register 
of Nurses administered by the College of 
Nurses of Ontario be revised so that it has 
two parts; each part, basic or post-basic 
would be administered in the same way 
that Registers of Nurses are administered 
in Britain, other Commonwealth countries, 
such as Australia, and in parts of Europe. 
The two parts are: 1. a Register of Nurses 
whose orientation is toward psychiatry, but 
whose training includes "physical" nursing; 
2. a Register of Nurses whose orientation 
is toward "physical" nursing, but whose 
training includes psychiatric nursing. 
The purpose of such a plan is to inte- 
grate nursing in a practical "on the ward" 
attitude toward the "treat the patient as 
a whole" concept, and to come to everyday 
terms with the self-evident: psychiatry is 
different. (For example, the nurse's prime 
therapeutic tool is his or her relationship 
with the patient; the patient is unaware of 
being sick and is unappreciative of therapy; 
he is not in bed and is still working or at 
home; nurse and patient are in "street 
clothes. " 
The case against a psychiatric nursing 
program separate from the total field of 
nursing has been presented by the 1966 
Royal Commission on Health Services and 
the Canadian Mental Health Association in 
its 1967 submission to the federal govern- 
ment. It also has been presented by your 
editorial. However, a separate program is 
not what the 'PNAO is asking for. 
We, too, want integration, but we know 
that psychiatric nursing is large enough, 
special enough, different enough, and in 
enough demand to need a 2- to 3-year basic 
course, leading to registration on a new 
psychiatric part of a revised Register of 
Nurses. - Mr. R. Ewart Brown, R.M.N. 
(U.K.), Reg.N., Vice-president, P.N.A.O., 
and Chapter President, R.N.A.O. 
6 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Frustrated by fellow nurses 
Dear Editor: 
In response to Rosemarie A. Gascoyne's 
letter (July, 1967), I would say that in 
over 20 years of nursing practice I have 
never met a physician who would not allow 
me to practice my profession to the ful- 
lest. 
I have never been frustrated by a lack 
of a common meeting ground with the 
medical profession, but I often have been 
severely frustrated by my relationships with 
fellow nurses. The nurse who refuses to 
learn new techniques just because they 
were not taught 20 or 30 years ago; who 
fails to interpret a patient's complaints or 
lack of them and thus misses an opportunity 
to make an adequate nursing diagnosis; who 
never picks up a professional journal or at- 
tends workshops or seminars because 40 
hours of nursing a week is all she can toler- 
ate; these are my frustrations. These are the 
nurses who fail so badly in the art of com- 
munication that the medical practitioners 
with whom they work do not allow them to 
use good judgment because they have never 
exhibited any. 
My experience spans five large U. S. 
cities. In each area I have had to prove 
my worth, but in each instance I have 
been able to practice to the fullest. - 
Lora Craig, Winter Park Memorial Hos- 
pital, Winter Park, Florida. 


Hemophilia articles 
Dear Editor: 
It Was with great pleasure that we read 
the two articles concerning hemophilia in 
the July issue of your magazine. 
On behalf of the Canadian Hemophilia 
Society, I wish to compliment Doctor Petit- 
clerc and Miss Drapeau on their excellent 
presentations. It is indeed gratifying to know 
of their interest in this painful disease. - 
Mrs. Patricia Harris, Assistant to the Presi- 
dent, Canadian Hemophilia Society, Mont- 
real. 


Dear Editor: 
Congratulations on the two excellent ar- 
ticles published in your July 1967 issue, 
"Hemophilia," by Claude Petitclerc, M.D., 
and "The Nurse and the Hemophiliac Pa- 
tient," by Janine Drapeau. 
We take issue with but one premise of 
both papers - the treatment of choice. 
Since mid-1966 in Canada, Hemophilia A 
has been treated almost exclusively with 
human Factor 8 concentrate. This material 
now is manufactured in quantity by the 
Red Cross in most Canadian provincrs. It 
was developed in 1959 by Dr. Judith Pool 
at Stanford University, under the designation 
cryo-precipitate. The results have been spec- 
tacular. 
Universal use of Factor 8 concentrate 
represents the most forward advance in 
treatment of hemophilia A since the develop- 


ment of plasma. Experiments are now in 
progress to assess the feasibility of routine 
injections on a prophylactic basis in the 
home.. - Martin J.J. Dayton, President, 
B.C. Chapter, Canadian Hemophilia Soci- 
ety, Vancouver. 


Nurses must be flexible 
Dear Editor: 
Thanks go to Mrs. Margaret Wishlow 
(Letters, Aug. '67) for considering hospitals 
other than large teaching centers. 
Canada has hundreds of smaller hospitals 
and nursing stations that fill important 
community needs. Their staff nurses' res- 
ponsibilities often lie at two extremes. 
These nurses may perform duties in central 
supply, formula room, diet kitchen, or 
teach non-professional staff to do so. On 
the other hand they often perform the 
duties of a pharmacist, physiotherapist, 
dietitian, housekeeper, laboratory, or x-ray 
technician, or they "pinch-hit" in the oper- 
ating room. This situation will last as 
long as this vast country has a scattered 
population, especially in the North, and 
as long as there is a shortage of per- 
sonnel in all the paramedical professions. 
Though most nursing schools are now 
located in the larger centers and univer- 
sities, they must not ignore the needs of 
smaller institutions that rely on their grad- 
uates. They must continue to teach both the 
apothecary and metric systems and the 
preparation of solutions, to avoid the trap 
of teaching students to be specialized em- 
ployees of their own professionally staffed 
institution. Let the universities remem- 
ber that "menial labor" is still a part of 
nursing. - Jacqueline Lawson, Indian Hos- 
pital, Sioux Lookout, Ontario. 


Student evaluation 
Dear Editor: 
I would like to congratulate Mrs. Sharon 
O'Toole and her colleagues on their effort 
to implement a system of student evaluation 
of instructors (Letters, Sept. 1967). 
As a former clinical instructor exposed to 
student evaluation, I believe that student 
evaluation can help to improve teaching as 
well as contribute toward student satisfac- 
tion. My experience of student criticisms has 
been that they are not always pleasant, but 
usually are constructive, and often compli- 
mentary . 
And speaking of evaluation, would it not 
be a good idea for staff nurses to be given 
an opportunity to evaluate head nurses? - 
(Miss) Flordeliza P. Cais, R.N., Shaughnes- 
sy Hospital, Vancouver, B.C. 


Male nurses needed 
Dear Editor: 
The time that is spent trying to perpetu- 
ate the orderly system could well be spent 
in recruitment programs for male nurses. 
(News, Sept. 1967). 
In his article "The Will to Match Our Op- 
DECEMBER 1967 



letters 


Jortunity" (June 1966). Albert Wedgery 
,tated that the continuance of the orderly 
;ystem has underscored the urgent need for 
nale nurses. He added. '"Are we really giv- 
ng honest con
ideration to our male pa- 
.ientsT' 
Here are some examples of the duties as- 
iigned to orderlies: the largest hospital in 
Western Canada bars male nurses and has 
Illowed orderlies for over 10 years to carry 
Jut nursing duties divorced from nursing 
Idministration and supervision; another hos- 
Dital indicated its dependence upon the or- 
jerly system by including it in its intensive 
;are unit ('"Medical Intensive Care", May. 
1967); a local ambulance service uses un- 
mpervised nursing orderlies at a time when 
,killed domiciliary care is increasingly nec- 

ssary; psychiatric units in some general 
hospitals employ orderlies in preference to 
skilled male psychiatric nurses; home care 
programs favor female patients because of 
the lack of skilled male nurses. 
A great number of orderlies have become 
skilled and efficient in the nursing duties 
that nurses have allowed them to do. Most 
are worthy of their favorable economic po- 
sition. These orderlies should be trained as 
nurses, under one of the two categories of- 
ficialIy recommended by the Canadian 
Nurses' Association. - Mr. F. Rushton. 
R.N.. Victoria, B.c. 


CNF support 
Dear Editor: 
As a CNF fellow for two years. I wish 
to add my support to your October edito- 
rial. While the financial support is impor- 
tant, there is much more to a CNF fellow- 
ship than a sum of money. The fact that at 
least some in the Canadian nursing profes- 
sion have shown a great deal of faith in 
what I am doing and an interest in having 
me return to Canada has been very impor- 
tant to me. It is very easy for a graduate 
student in the USA in almost all fields to 
lose touch with career opportunities at home 
and yet remain very much aware of them in 
this country. As a CNF member for some 
time before receiving a fellowship, I con- 
sidered the $2.00 membership fee as a mod- 
est investment in the future growth of Ca- 
nadian nursing. I hope that upon my re- 
turn to Canada in another year I shall be 
able to pay some dividends on the invest- 
ment of other nurses and the Kellogg Found- 
ation by assisting in a small way to 
guide that future growth. I would urge the 
Canadian nursing profession as a whole to 
demonstrate that they too have faith in our 
profession's future. 
As one who has never sought member- 
ship on the medical team, but who considers 
herself a full member of the health team, I 
was tempted to answer Dr. Varvis' letter. 
DECEMBER 1967 


However. I think we have to show him and 
some of his colleagues what we mean by 
'"optimum patient care." and perhaps 
through support of the CNF we can show 
others that we h.lve confidence in ourselves. 
- Dorothy Kergin. doctor.11 candidate, 
University of Michig,m. Ann Arbor. Michi- 
gan. 
Dear Editor: 
Please accept my two-dollar membership 
fee for CNF. which is very late in coming. 
It would likely not have come at aIL had it 
not been for your editorial in the October 
issue. 
I suggest that YOll edge your next edi- 


torial with black. for I believe that. as 
nurses. we should all go into mourning if 
we allow such a worthwhile cause to die. 
- Muryelle Sandrock. Ottawa. 


Congratulations 
Dear Editor: 
I congratulate you on a fine public.ltion. 
Over the years I h.lve noted a remdrkable 
improvement in THE CANADIAN NURSE. It is 
my opinion that your publication is one of 
the best professional journals currently avail- 
able. - Gordon M. Patrick. Assistant Di- 
rector of Education. Alcoholism and Drug 
Addiction Research Foundation. Toronto. D 


*T.M. 


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ASSISTOSCOPE 
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 7 



Abdallah-NURSE'S AIDE 
STUDY MANUAL 
Anderson-BASIC PATIENT 
CARE 
Asperheim-PHARMACOLOGY 
FOR PRACTICAL NURSES 
Bleier-MATERNITY NURSING 
Bogert-FUNDAMENTALS 
OF CHEMISTRY 
Bogert-LABORATORY 
MANUAL OF CHEMISTRY 
Bookmiller, Bowen & Carpenter 
-OBSTETRICS AND 
OBSTETRIC NURSING 
Brooks-BASIC FACTS 
OF PHARMACOLOGY 
Brown-MEDICAL AND 
SURGICAL NURSING II 
Brown & Fowler- 
PSYCHODYNAMIC NURSING 
Bush-PERSONAL AND 
VOCA TlONAL 
RElATIONSHIPS FOR 
PRACTICAL NURSES 
Calender-UNIT 
ADMI NISTRA TlON 
Cook & Macaw- 
MATHEMATICAL GUIDE TO 
DOSAGE AND SOLUTION 
Creighton-LAW EVERY NURSE 
SHOULD KNOW 
Cromwell-THE NURSE IN THE 
SCHOOL HEALTH PROGRAM 
Culver & Brownell-THE 
PRACTICAL NURSE 
Davis & Rubin-DE LEE'S 
OBSTETRICS FOR NURSES 
Dennis-PSYCHOLOGY OF 
HUMAN BEHAVIOR Fo.R 
NURSES 
Dienhart-BASIC HUMAN 
ANATOMY AND 
PHYSIOLOGY 
Dolan-GOODNOW'S HISTORY 
OF NURSING 
Falconer, Norman, Patterson & 
Gustafson-THE DRUG, THE 
NURSE, AND THE PATIENT 
Falconer, PaHerson & Gustafson 
-CURRENT DRUG 
HANDBOOK 1968-70 
Freeman-PUBliC HEALTH 
NURSING PRACTICE 
Frobisher, Sommermeyer & 
Blaustein-MICROBIOLOGY 
FOR NURSES 
Gunther-GARNSEY'S DOSAGE 
AND SOLUTIONS 
Hayes & Gazaway-HUMAN 
RELATIONS IN NURSING 
Howe-NUTRITION FOR 
PRACTICAL NURSES 
Jacob & Francone-STRUCTURE 
AND FUNCTION IN MAN 
Jacob & Francone-LAB 
MANUAL OF STRUCTURE 
AND FUNCTION IN MAN 
Jamieson, Sewall & Suhrie- 
TRENDS IN NURSING 
HISTORY 
8 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


I mportant Notice to 
Saunders Nursing 
Customers in Canada 


Beginning January I, 1968 
our new Canadian Company: 


w. B. SAUNDERS CO., LTD. 
1835 Yonge Street 
Toronto, 7 
will be ready to serve you 


. ORDERS FOR BOOKS . INQUIRIES 
. REQUESTS FOR PROMOTIONAL LITERATURE 
should all be sent directly to our new Toronto 
address. 


MR. JAMES CORNWALL, Gen. Mgr. will wel- 
come your comments and suggestions toward 
providing the best possible service. 


For the remainder of 1967 
McAINSH & CO., LTD. 
will continue to fill your needs 
for Saunders books and periodicals 


Keane-ESSENTIALS OF NURSING 
Keane-SAUNDERS REVIEW FOR PRACTICAL 
NURSES 
Keane & Fletcher-DRUGS AND SOLUTIONS 
Kempf & Useem-PSYCHOLOGY: DYNAMICS 
OF BEHAVIOR IN NURSING 
King & Showers-HUMAN ANATOMY AND 
PHYSIOLOGY 
Kozier & DuGas-FUND. OF PATIENT CARE 
Krauze-FOOD, NUTRITION AND DIET 
THERAPY 
Kron-COMMUNICATION IN NURSING 
Kron-NURSING TEAM LEADERSHIP 
Leake-SIMPLE NURSING PROCEDURES 
Leifer-PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES 
IN PEDIATRIC NURSING 


LeMaitre & Finnegan- THE 
PATIENT IN SURGERY 
Marlow-PEDIATRIC NURSING 
McClain-SIMPLIFIED 
ARITHMETIC FOR NURSES 
McQuillan-FUNDAMENTALS 
OF NURSING HOME 
ADMI NISTRA TlON 
Miller & Avery-GYNECOLOGY 
& GYNECOLOGIC NURSING 
O'Hara & Reith-PSYCHOLOGY 
AND THE NURSE 
Olson-A NURSES HANDBOOK 
Olson-Dorland's-REFERENCE 
HANDBOOK & DICTIONARY 
OF NURSING 
Perkins-ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE 
FOR OPERATING ROOM 
PERSONNEl 
Price-AMERICAN NURSES 
DICTIONARY 
Price-ART, SCIENCE AND 
SPIRIT OF NURSING 
Routh-INORGANIC, ORGANIC 
& BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 
Routh-LAB MANUAL OF 
CHEMISTRY 
Sackheim-PRACTICAL 
PHYSICS FOR NURSES 
Sanner-TRENDS AND 
PROFESSIONAL 
ADJUSTMENTS IN NURSING 
Sellew-SOCIOLOGY AND ITS 
USE IN NURSING 
Shackelton-PRACTICAL NURSE 
NUTRITION EDUCATION 
Shyrock-HISTORY OF 
NURSING 
Smith-MA TERNAL-CHILD 
NURSING 
Stafford & Diller-SURGERY 
AND SURGICAL NURSING 
Stanley-Brown-PEDIA TRIC 
SURGERY FOR NURSES 
Stevens-PERSONAL AND 
FOR PRACTICAL NURSES 
Stevens-PERSONAL AND 
VOCATIONAL 
RElATIONSHIPS IN 
PRACTICAL NURSING 
Stryker-BACK TO NURSING 
Sutton-BEDSIDE NURSING 
TECHNIQUES IN 
MEDICINE AND SURGERY 
Sutton-WORKBOOK FOR 
PRACTICAL NURSES 
Thompson-PEDIA TRICS FOR 
PRACTICAL NURSES 
Voeks-ON BECOMING AN 
EDUCATED PERSON 
Wallace-HEALTH SERVICES 
FOR MOTHERS & CHILDREN 
Weibe-DRTHOPEDICS 
IN NURSING 
Wilbur-COMMUNITY 
HEALTH SERVICES 
Wright & Montag- 
PHARMACOLOGY AND 
THERAPEUTICS 
DECEMBER 1967 



news 


ICN Magazine, Newsletter 
Get New Formats 
Gel/em. - Beginning January 1968, the 
lll1emational Nursing Revicw, official jour- 
nal of the International Council of Nurses. 
and the lCN News Letter will undergo ma- 
jor changes in format. Sheila Quinn, execu- 
tive director designate of ICN, reported on 
the changes during her visit to CNA House 
in Ottawa in October. 
The major change is in the newsletter. 
This will become an eight-page newssheet, 
renamed lCN Calling, and will be published 
10 times each year - monthly, except for 
August and December. It will contain news 
of ICN and its member associations and in- 
formation on events of major importance to 
nurses throughout the world. 
lCN Calling will be published in separate 
language editions: French. English, and Spa- 
nish. Items will be short and prepared in a 
lively, light. and easy-to-read news style. 
Photographs will be used. Subscription rate 
will be $2.00 (US funds) per year. 
The lCN Re\'iew will be enlarged from 72 
to 96 pages and will be published quarterly. 
Articles will be published in English, with 
summaries in the ICN working languages, 
French. German, and Spanish. The Review 
wiII no longer carry news, but will enlarge 
the scope of professional articles to provide 
background information that will lead to 
better international understanding. Subscrip- 
tion rate will be $4.50 per year (US funds). 
The January 1968 Re\'iew will be a 
"North American issue," says Miss Quinn. 
"It will help to give our readers informa- 
tion on the United States and Canada as a 
preliminary for the ICN Congress to be held 
in Montreal in 1969." she said. S. Karger of 
New York will be publisher of both publica- 
tions. 
The changes in format of the two publica- 
tions were recommended by an ICN Expert 
Advisory Committee that met last April. 
Subscriptions may be obtained by sending 
requests with money orders to cover costs 
to ICN Headquarters, P.O. Box 42, 1211 
Geneva 20. Switzerland. 


CNF Has Back to Wall; 
Enough Money for 
One More Year 
Ottawa. - Members to the annual meet- 
ing of the Canadian Nurses' Foundation, 
held at CNA House in October, heard sad 
news in the report of the Secretary-Treasu- 
rer. The Foundation has only enough funds 
to proceed with awards for one more year 
unless it can find other support moneys. 
Helen K. Mussallem, secretary-treasurer 
DECEMBER 1967 


tCN Leaders View Montreal Congress Facilities 


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Montreal. - Sheila Quinn. executive director designate of the International Council of 
Nurses, visited Montreal during the latter part gf October to work out plans for the 
14th Quadrennial Congress to be held here June 23-29. 1969. Alice Girard. president of 
the ICN and dean of the school of nursing at the University of Montreal. and Helen 
K. Mussallem, executive director of the Canadian Nurses' Association. accompanied 
Miss Quinn on her rounds of the proposed facilities for Congress visitors. 
During the visit to Montreal, the nurses visited Mayor Jean Drapeau's office. Mayor 
Drapeau offered his best wishes for a successful Congress and pledged his supporl. He 
has extended the aid of the technical services of the city to help organize the inter- 
national convention, and has appointed Mr. M. Dupire, the official greeter for the city, 
as his representative on the Congress Planning Committee. 
Miss Quinn and Dr. Mussallem toured the convention site. the recently completed 
Place Bonaventure, during the Montreal visit. The general assemblies will be held in 
the 200,OOO-square-foot Concordia Hall, which will seat up to 17,000 people. 
Arrangement
 for hotel accommodation, publicity. registration, and other facilities 
are underway. 
In the photograph, Miss Girard takes a moment during the visit to City Hall to 
sign the golden visitors' book, while Dr. Mussallem, Miss Quinn. and Mayor Drapeau 
look on. 


for the Board, reported that the organiza- 
tion has not received enough financial and 
membership support to enable it to stand on 
its own now that the initial six-year grant 
of $150,000 from the W.K Kellogg Foun- 
dation has been used. 
The CNF was founded to support higher 
education for nurses in Canada. It is es- 
pecially concerned with helping finance Ca- 
nadian nurses for leadership positions with- 
in the profession. Since its inception in 
1962, CNF has given financial support to a 
total of 57 nurses (49 for master's prepa- 
ration, 8 for doctoral). The Foundation 
awards total about $35.000 annually. 
Aside from the Kellogg grant, 1967 fin- 
ancial support for the CNF included funds 


from the W.B. Saunders Publishing Compa- 
ny. Provincial nurses' associations also con- 
tributed $12.032 to the scholarship moneys 
during the past year, but this was mainly 
from two provinces (B.e. $5,477; Sask. 
$5,000). The Canadian Nurses' Association 
provides office space and facilities and bears 
the administrative costs. In addition it is 
committed to supplement scholarship funds 
to the amount of $30.000 each year for the 
current 1966-68 biennium. "The CNA can- 
not do more at the present time," reported a 
Board member. "It is facing budget cuts 
because of its own fee problems," she added. 
CNF President M. Jean Anderson com- 
mented. "The continuing decline in member- 
ship is the real cause for concern. If we 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 9 



J 


news 


cannot interest nurses in supporting nursing 
education, w
 are in a very poor position to 
try to solicit money from private concerns 
and governments." 
She stressed that the Board would direct 
all its energies for the coming year into at- 
tempting to find additional sources of re- 
venue. 
Because of the precarious financial situa- 
tion and the priority needs of scholars at 
the master's and doctoral levels, members 
approved a resolution that awards for bac- 
calaureate candidates be deferred for at 
least another year. 


Workshops on Nursing Service 
" Highly Successful" 
Ottawa. - The six workshops for direc- 
tors and assistant directors of nursing ser- 
vice sponsored by the Canadian Nurses' As- 
sociation during the past year have been 
summed up by workshop director Frances 
Howard as "highly successfu1." 
The final four workshops were held in 
Toronto, London, Regina, and Quebec City 
during October and November. The topic of 
all workshops was "Improvement of Nurs- 
ing Service in Hospitals Through the Prob- 
lem-Solving Method." 
The final workshop was for French-speak- 
ing nurses and was held in Quebec City at 
the end of November. Guest speakers were 
Sister Jeannette Gagnon. s.g.m.. Sister Ber- 
nadette Poirier. and Claire Gagnon. Lionel 
Desjarlais, counselor in administration and 
dean of the faculty of education, University 
of Ottawa. was guest consultant. 
The Quebec City workshop was attended 
by more than 60 nurses but was still largely 
oversubscribed. Miss Howard. the CNA con- 
sultant in nursing service who was respon
- 
ible for the worhhops, is con
idering re- 
peating thi
 session. 


ANPEI Holds 46th Annual 
Meeting 
MolltaKtlC, P.E.l. - The 46th annual 
meeting of the Association of Nurses of 
Prince Edward Island was held in Montague, 
October 12, 1967, with 96 persons in at- 
tendance. The theme for the meeting was 
"The Nursing Profession and the Work 
World." 
In the opening address to the assembly, 
the President, Sister Marie Cahill, c.s.m., 
spoke of changes taking place in nursing 
programs and in concepts of nursing care. 
She urged nurses to meet these changes with 
constructive control rather than with resis- 
tance. 
In line with the theme, a panel discus- 
sion was conducted on collective bargaining. 
The panel was chaired by Genevieve Mac- 
Donald. chairman of the committee on so- 
cial and economic welfare of the AN PEl. 


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Participants on the panel were Charles Mc- 
Quaid, Charlottetown lawyer and former 
chairman of the P.E.I. Labour Board; J. 
Merrill McAlduff, administrative assistant, 
Department of Labour and Manpower Re- 
sources; Lloyd K. White. president. Interna- 
tional Brotherhood of Electrical Workers; 
Juanita MacDonald. instructor in nursing, 
Charlottetown Hospital; Raymond MacDo- 
nald. industrial relations officer. Can.!da 
Packers. Charlottetown Branch; and John F. 
MacMillan. director of crganization, Cana- 
dian Union of Public Employees. Ottawa. 
The Minister of Labour and Manpower Re- 
SOlirCes. Elmer Blanchard. was present at the 
meeting and spoke during the discussion 
period. 
During the meeting an honorary mem- 
bership was conferred on Dorothy M. Per. 
cy, who until this year was chief nursing 
consultant for the Department of National 
Health and Welfare. Over the past 12 years, 
Miss Percy has met every request for con- 
sultative service to the Association. She gave 
special guidance when the psychiatric affi- 
liation program was established in 1958 for 
all students of nursing in P.E.I. She also 
spoke at the national level on behalf of the 
Association to maintain a general public 
health grant for the employment of a 
school of nursing adviser on a part-time 
basis. In addition. the Island's nurses wish- 
ed to recognize the important influence Miss 
Percy has had on the progress of nursing 
affairs in Canada. 
One portion of the program was devoted 
to the release of the report of a Study of 
Transition in Nursing Education conducted 
during the past year by Harold Rowe. now 
research specialist with the Kentucky Re- 
se:lfch Coordinating Unit, University of 
Kentucky. The findings in the study will 
be analyzed by a committee composed of 
nurses. physicians, college professors, and 
other community leaders. so that a deter- 
mination can be made on the use of this in- 
formation in planning for the future of 
nursing education on the Island. 
Guest speaker at the luncheon was Rev- 
erend Allan MacDonald. head of the Socio- 
logy Department of St. Dunstan's Univer- 
sity. who spoke on the topic "Social Justice 
and the Nursing profession." Father Mac- 
Donald pointed out that responsible collec- 
tive bargaining is carried out, not in the 
context of power and self-interest, but in 
terms of principle and ethics. 
Officers, council members, and commit- 
tee chairmen for the coming year include: 
president, Sister Marie Cahill, c.s.m.; past 
president, Alice Trainor; president-elect, 
Constance MacFarlane Corbett; vice-presi- 
dent, Charlotte Gordon; and secretary-trea- 
surer. Helen Curran Bolger. 


Nursing Unit Administration 
Course Records Successful Year 
Ottawa. - The extension course in Nur- 
sing Unit Admini
tration, jointly sponsored 
by the Canadian Nurses' Association and 


the Canadian Hospital Association, was fi- 
nancially self-sufficient and able to enlarge 
its efforts to provide a continuing education 
program for nurses in administrative posi- 
tions during 1967. 
In a report to the Joint Committee at its 
meeting at CNA House in Ottawa early in 
November, Dorothy Nelson. director of the 
course, reported that 416 students success- 
fully completed the 1966-67 program. En- 
rollment for the 1967-68 course is 487 stu- 
dents. and applications for 1968-69 are al- 
ready on file. 
The final report on the recently-completed 
three-year evaluation project was also pre- 
sented to the committee. In the report Mrs. 
Nelson stated, "The response to the program 
points to the recognition of the need for 
continuing education on the part of head 
nurses and supervisors and also on the part 
of their employers. With ongoing review 
and revision of the content and method of 
the program. it is hoped that the course may 
continue to be helpful to nursing personnel 
and thus assisl in an improvement of the 
quality of nursing services provided in Ca- 
nadian hospitals." 
The Nursing Unit Administration exten- 
sion course was started in 1960. At that time 
a W.K. Kellogg Foundation grant was sup- 
plied to run the program for the first four 
years. In 1964. the Joint Committee, recog- 
nizing that an extensive evaluation project 
would be helpful. asked the Foundation if it 
might u
e the remaining funds in the ini- 
tial grant to evaluate the program. The 
Kellogg Foundation granted approval for a 
two-phase project that first evaluated the 
program and proposed revisions, and then 
financed implemcntation of the revisions. 
The enrollment to the present is 2.863 
nurses, of whom 339 have taken the pro- 
gram in French. 


500 Saskatchewan Nurses 
Attend Collective Bargaining 
Workshops 
Regilla. - Nearly 500 Saskatchewan 
nurses met in small groups throughout the 
province during October to discuss collec- 
tive bargaining. The Saskatchewan Register- 
ed Nurses' Association sponsored the six 
one-day workshops to help nurses learn 
something of the principles and problems of 
collective bargaining. 
Glenna Rowsell. nursing consultant in so- 
cial and economic welfare for the Canadian 
Nurses' Association, conducted the work- 
shops. She stressed that the workshops were 
not concerned with the current salary ne- 
gotiations in the province. "Our concern waS 
to interpret how collective bargaining is 
progressing in other provinces across Cana- 
da, and to discuss how the proposed Bill on 
collective bargaining rights for nurses and 
nursing assistants. currently being prepared 
by the SRNA, would work," she said. 
"To have collective bargaining work. it 
is necessary to have individual involvement," 
(Colltintlcd Oil paKc 12) 
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 11 


DECEMBER 1967 



news 


(C.J1/tinued from pa1!e 10) 
she added. "This workshop method helps to 
get the individual nurses informed." 


CNF Scholarship To 
Commemorate Dr. Katherine 
MacLaggan 
Ottawa. - The Board of Directors of the 
Canadian Nurses' Foundation has named an 
annual scholarship award in the memory of 
Katherine E. MacLaggan, the late president 
of the Canadian Nurses' Association. M. 
Jean Anderson reported on the decision at 
the mid-October annual meeting of the 
Foundation. 
Miss Anderson said that the CNF Board 
authorized the annual award of the Dr. 
Katherine E. MacLaggan scholarship for an 
outstanding candidate for doctoral study. 
The study has been awarded for the 1967- 
68 academic year to Shirley M. Stinson of 
Tofield, Alberta. 
Dr. MacLaggan, who died in February of 
this year, had been a charter member and 
enthusiastic supporter of the Foundation. 


Manitoba Nurses: Are They 
Coming Or Going? 
Winnipe1!. - Apparently Manitoba loses 
just as many registered nurses each year as 
it gains through new graduates, out-of-pro- 
vince, and out-of-country registrations, ac- 
cording to Marlene Caldwell, registrar for 
the Manitoba Association of Registered 
Nurses. So far the MARN has had no way 
of confirming these statistics, except by to- 
taling the requests for proof of Manitobd 
registration from other nurses' associations. 
The MARN hopes to undertake a study 
to determine exactly how many nurses are 
coming and going, and to find out where the 
"greener pastures" are. 
In reporting the statistics, the MARN 
Bulletin added, "For the present it is suffi- 
cient to know that Manitoba is a transient 
province as far as nurses are concerned. 
The time has come to accept the fact and 
take steps to counteract the situation. It is 
true that our climate leaves much to be de- 
sired. It must be acknowledged, however, 
that nurses are leaving Manitoba for rea- 
sons other than our cold winters." 


RNANS To Sponsor 
Librarians' Workshop 
Halifax. - The Registered Nurses' Asso- 
ciation of Nova Scotia will sponsor a five- 
day workshop for non-professional librarians 
working in school of nursing libraries on 
January 15-19, 1968. 
Sister Marie Barbara, vice-president of 
RNANS and director of nurses, St. Martha's 
Hospital, Antigonish, is directing the pro- 
ject and expects that about 35 persons will 
12 T E CANADIAN NU SE 


participate. Hospital and agency libraries 
may also send representatives to the five- 
day project. 
Margaret Parkin, librarian for the Cana- 
dian Nurses' Association Library, will coor- 
dinate the workshop, which will include lec- 
tures, demonstrations of library tools and 
their uses, and discussions on resources and 
resource materials. Tours of local libraries 
will probably be included. 


B.C. Reorganizes 
Mental Health Services 
Vancouver. - The British Columbia 
Mental Health Services Branch has an- 
nounced a major reorganization to meet 
changing patterns of care for the mentally ill 
and retarded. It will no longer be primarily 
"service" oriented but will assume increased 
responsibility for overall aspects of mental 
health planning to facilitate the decentraliza- 
tion and regionalization of mental health 
programs throughout the province, reports F. 
G. Tucker, Deputy Minister of Mental 
Health Services. 
The positions of Deputy Minister and Di- 
rector have been separated. The Director of 
Mental Health Services. Dr. H.W. Bridge. 
will be located in the Vancouver area, hav- 
ing as his responsibility the management of 
all mental hospitals and institutions provid- 
ing in-patient care, as well as the Mental 
Health Centre in Burnaby. The Deputy Min- 
ister, Dr. F.G. Tucker, will be located in 
Victoria and will have a staff of professio- 
nal consultants whose task will be to co- 
operate with local authorities, mental health 
professionals, universities, public and private 
agencies as well as with other government 
departments in the development of com- 
munity programs. 
This central headquarters staff in Victo- 
ria will place particular emphasis upon pro- 
viding professional counsel for the develop- 
ment of community based psychiatric pro- 
grams, facilities, and services for mental re- 
tardates, comprehensive programs for emo- 
tionally disturbed children, integrated ser- 
vices for the aged mentally ill, and for the 
provision of forensic clinics. Special epide- 
miological and sociological studies will be 
undertaken; emphasis will be placed on the 
collection, analysis, and interpretation of 
essential statistical data; ongoing programs 
will be continually evaluated; any required 
regulations, standards, and such, will be de- 
veloped; inservice training, liaison with uni- 
versities, organization of seminars, institutes 
and workshops for professional groups will 
be promoted; and clinical research will be 
facilitated. 


PEl Nurses Raise Association Fees 
Charlottetown. - The Association of 
Nurses of Prince Edward Island has appro- 
ved a change in bylaws that raises current 
practicing membership fees. The change was 
approved at the annual meeting in Mon- 
tague in October. 
Effective January I, 1968, the AN PEl 


fee will be raised from $20 to $25; on 
January I, 1969, the fee will be raised to 
$30. 
The Prince Edward Island Association is 
the smallest of the provincial nursing asso- 
ciations. In 1966. it had 602 members. 


NBARN Awards Scholarships 
Fredericton. - The New Brunswick As- 
sociation of Registered Nurses has awarded 
its annual scholarships. 
Ruth Symonds. of Marysville, N.R., re- 
ceived the "Muriel Archibald Scholarship" of 
$1,000. This will assist her to study in the 
degree program for registered nurses at the 
school of nursing, University of New Bruns- 
wick. 
"The New Brunswick As
ociation of Reg- 
istered Nurses Scholarship" will again be 
divided into two awards and two baccalau- 
reate nursing students will each receive $500. 
Annette Frenette, of Beresford, N.B., is en- 
tering the third year of the baccalaureate 
degree course in nursing at the University 
of Moncton. The other recipient, Carolyn 
Wilson, of Stanley, N.B., is in the third 
year of her studies toward a bachelor of 
nursing degree at the school of nursing, 
University of New Brunswick. 
These scholarships were inaugurated five 
years ago to give financial assistance to 
worthy New Brunswick nursing students. 
Scholarship recipients are required to work 
one year in nursing in New Brunswick fol- 
lowing completion of their courses. 


AHA Official Applauds Goals 
But Disagrees with Method 
Toronto. - "Let us communicate to the 
nurse leadership our strong support for their 
goals, but our disagreement with their cho- 
sen method of implementing these goals," a 
U.S. hospital association official advised 
delegates at the 43rd annual meeting of the 
Ontario Hospital Association in Toronto in 
October. 
Speaking on a panel that discussed the 
educational preparation of nurses, Donald 
W. Cordes, vice-chairman of the American 
Hospital Association's Council of Nursing, 
accused nurse educators of emphasizing their 
long-term goal of transfering nursing educa- 
tion into educational institutions "with seem- 
ing total unconcern of the short-term needs 
of the sick and injured." Mr. Cordes said 
that enrollments and graduations are de- 
creasing in the U.S. and even financial in- 
centives, such as federal grants, have failed 
to attract more students. 
The platform and goals of U.S. nursing 
leaders have cast serious doubt as to the 
quality of educational programs provided by 
hospital schools of nursing, according to 
Mr. Cordes. At the same time, the junior 
colleges have not sufficiently increased in 
either quality of instruction or number to 
meet the need. he said. As a result, there is 
a "tragic reluctance" on the part of high 
school graduates to enter hospital schools, 
(Continued on page 14) 
DECEMBER 1967 



- 


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attending physician accurate urinalysis in- 
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tpH, protein, glucose, ketones and blood. 
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news 


(Contillued from page 12) 


and there are inadequate junior colleges 
available to admit the applicants. 
Mr. Cordes said that what is happening in 
the U.S. appears to be happening in Canada. 
He advised his audience to encourage the 
nursing profession to support all types of 
programs, including the hospital school of 
nursing; to make the hospital school of nur- 
sing a "truly educational endeavor"; and to 
support nursing programs in the junior or 
community colleges, but to recognize that 
not all persons desire this type of education. 
Other panel members were: Charles I. 
Black, chairman, OHA Committee on Hos- 
pitals Conducting Schools of Nursing; chair- 
man. Dr. J.D. Wallace. executive director. 
Toronto General Hospital; Albert W. Wed- 
gery, president. RNAO; Stanley W. Martin. 
chairman and general manager. Ontario 
Hospital Services Commission. 


School of Nursing Entrance 
Requirements Changed in 
Ontario 
Torolllo. - Students who graduate from 
the Ontario Department of Education's four- 
year high school program now will be able 
to enter schools of nursing in the province. 
Prior to recent legislative changes. the min- 
imum qualifications for entry into nursing 
has been Grade 12 (junior matriculation) of 
the regular five-year course. with certain 
required science subjects. 
The new regulation under the province's 
Nurses' Act, as published in the Ontario 


Gazette, now widens the entrance require- 
ment to include Grade 12 graduates from 
either the four- or five-year streams. How- 
ever, students from the four-year program 
will be required to have Grade 10 mathema- 
tics as well as the necessary sciences, includ- 
ing chemistry and physics or biology. 
The change was recommended to the 
Minister of Health by the College of Nurses 
of Ontario, which administers the Nurses' 
Act. 


Inservice Education 
Should be Personalized 
Toronto. - If the nurse isn't treated as 
an individual, she will be incapable of giving 
individual care to her patients, the Nursing 
Administration Section of the Ontario Hos- 
pital Association was told by panelists at the 
OHA annual meeting in October. 
Talking about "Inservice. Our Centennial 
Project." Anita Germaine. director of nurs- 
ing at Scarborough Centenary Hospital, 
Scarborough, said that the development of 
the nurse as a person is one of the main ob- 
jectives of inservice education. The teaching 
of nursing skills, another main goal. will be 
effective only if the person is treated as an 
individual and not as a "cog-in-the wheel," 
she added. 
According to Dorothy Rowles. director of 
nursing at Ryerson Poly technical Institute. 
Toronto, the new graduate of any program 
expects that the persons responsible for her 
work will be interested in her and will help 
her learn what she does not know. This 
means that an inservice program from a 
central source is not as meaningful as the 
assistance that she receives on the unit, Miss 
Rowles said. 
Panelist Irene Buchan. consultant. Hospi- 
tal Nursing, Department of National Health 


and Welfare. pointed out that inservice edu- 
cation is not intended to be a panacea of edu- 
cational needs for all staff. There is a real 
danger of professional obsolescence, she said, 
and it is up to the individual to keep herself 
up-to-date with new developments. Speaking 
of the inservice program at York Central 
Hospital in Richmond Hill, Ontario. pane- 
list M. Wood said that nursing rounds are 
considered to be an effective way to keep 
nurses conversant with patient care. Pat- 
terned after medical rounds. the nursing 
rounds give nurses an opportunity to learn 
more about their patients and about any new 
equipment being used, she said. 
Phyllis Norton. assistant director. nursing 
service, at The Hospital for Sick Children, 
was panel chairman. 


Committee to Raise Funds 
For Monument to Jeanne Mance 
Molltreal. - Nurses. in collaboration with 
the Centre Jeanne-Mance of Montreal. have 
formed a committee to raise money for a 
monument to Jeanne Mance to be erected 
near her birthplace in Langres. France. Rev- 
erend Mother Allard, r.h.s.j.. of the Hôtel- 
Dieu. Montreal, chairman of the Montreal- 
Langres Committee, reports that the com- 
mittee hopes to raise enough Canadian 
funds to support the project. 
Since 1934, religious and civil authorities 
of Langres have been planning to honor 
Jeanne Mance. their compatriot and one of 
the founders of nursing in the New World. 
Jeanne Mance left Langres in 1641, 
after three years of practical experience in 
nursing the sick poor there. She came to 
New France and was one of the leading sup- 
porters of a colony at Montreal. She estab- 
lished the first hospital there and was its 
administrator, chief nurse, and major fund- 


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OHA Symposium on Nursing Education. Donald W. 
Cordes, vice-chairman of the American Hospital Associa- 
tion's Council on Nursing, spea"s out in favor of hospital 
schools of nursing at the Ontario Hospital Association's 
43rd annual meeting in Toronto in October. 
14 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


, 


OHA Nursing Administration Section Attracts Large Au- 
dience. It was standing room only for many nurses who 
attended a panel presentation on "Inservice, Our Centen- 
nial Project" at the Ontario Hospital Association'.
 
nnual 
meeting in October. Phyllis Norton was panel chairman. 
DECEMBER 1967 



news 


raiser. until her death in 1673. 
The Montreal committee still needs $1500 
for the project. The monument is to be 
erected in mid-1968. Nurses who wish to 
contribute to the monument should send 
their donations before 31 December to 
Montreal-Langres Committee. c/(1 Centre 
Jeanne-Mance. Hôtel-Dieu. 3R40 rue St- 
Urbain. Montreal 18. indicating that it is for 
the monument in Langres. 


Twenty-six Enrolled in RNAO's 
Refresher Course for Nurses 
Torol/to. - Twenty-six inactive registered 
nurses went "back to the books" October 31 
when they began a six-week refresher course 
sponsored by the Registered Nurses' Asso- 
ciation of Ontario and the hospitals of Me- 
tropolitan Toronto. 
The October course, which provides theory 
in nursing and supervised clinical experience. 
is a pilot project for Metropolitan Toronto. 
According to RNAO executive director Lau- 
ra W. Barr. the results of the Toronto ex- 
perience will be useful in setting a pattern 
for province-wide planning at a later date. 
The decision to hold refresher courses to 
assist nurses to return to nursing was made 
by a joint coordinating committee, represent- 
ing the RNAO. the Ontario Hospital Asso- 


dation, and the Ontario Hospital Services 
Commission. The RNAO appointed Marga- 
ret L. Peart to coordinate and conduct the 
refresher program during the "pilot" phase. 


Pharmaceutical Manufacturers 
Donate Medical Kits to CUSO 
Ottawa. - Canadian volunteers serving in 
40 developing countries will benefit from a 
supply of 800 medical kits presented to the 
Canadian University Service Overseas. Eight 
of the 800 medical kits were handed over at 
a ceremony to a group of Canadian nurses 
who had just finished a CUSO orientation 
course prior to leaving for two years' service 
in India. 
The kits. valued at more than $40.000. 
were organized for CUSO by the Pharma- 
ceutical Manufacturers Association of Ca- 
nada, which coordinated supplies donated by 
its member companies. other manufacturers. 
surgical and hospital supply firms. and 
wholesale houses. 
Further assistance in the project came 
from the Department of National Health 
and Welfare. which had the kits packaged by 
its Emergency Health Services Division. and 
from the Royal Canadian Air Force. which 
is supplementing commercial freight services. 
The kits were presented by E. Glyde 
Gregory. president of Ayerst Laboratories 
and Chairman of the Board of PMAC, on 
behalf of the donating companies. J.N. 
Crawford. deputy minister of health. Helen 
K. Mussallem, executive director of the 


Canadian Nurses' Association, and Hugh 
Christie. CUSO executive director. attended 
the ceremony. 
In making the presentation. Mr. Gregory 
paid tribute to CUSO for its "effective and 
invaluable role in assisting the social and 
economic advancement of so many develop- 
ing nations. In Africa, Asia, the Caribbean 
and Latin America," he said, "CUSO doc- 
tors, nurses, teachers, engineers, agricultu- 
ralists, foresters and other qualified person- 
nel have earned the gratitude and respect 
not only of governments but also, on a more 
personal level, of thousands of ordinary 
people who have benefited directly from 
this most worthwhile program. We as Cana- 
dians should also be grateful to these vo- 
lunteers for the way in which they are in- 
creasing international understanding. and, in 
the process of their work, furthering Cana- 
da's image abroad." 
Mr. Gregory. who launched the initial 
CUSO kit project and personnally organ- 
ized it for several years. said that foreign 
aid constitutes one of the greatest chal- 
lenges facing today's industrially-advanced 
nations. "It is not a job for governments 
alone," he said. "Volunteer assistance backed 
by private enterprise. as exemplified in the 
CUSO program, is vital, and I am proud 
of the part we have been able to play in this 
and o!her projects." 
Dr. Crawford. noting that CUSO has 
the full support of the Canadian govern- 
ment, said the Department of National 


J' 


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DECEMBER 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 15 



news 


Health and Welfare was pleased to have 
had the opportunity of participating in 
such a commendable project. 
Each kit contains 35 items - from 
Aspirin, Gantrisin, and ointments to Band- 
aids, elastic bandages, and insect repellent 
- designed to provide early treatment for 
and protection against many common con- 
ditions. The kits are used by volunteers 
to maintain their own health during service 
overseas, and. in the more remote areas, 
to provide emergency treatment and first- 
aid for loc:!l co-workers and students. 


Expo Wind-up 
MOlltreal. - In spite of poor weather 
and the bus strike in Montreal, some 60 
guests attended the reception given by the 
Canadian Nurses' Association on October 
17 at the Man and His Health pavilion 
at Expo 67. The party was organized to 
thank hospitals and nurses' associations for 
their contribution to the organization of 
the nursing services booth in the pavilion. 
Hospitals and agencies in the area had 
provided lodgings and had hosted the staff 
for the booth during the fair. 
Guest
 had the opportunity to admire 
photographs taken of the nurses' booth 
during the world exhibition and to look 
through the visitors' guest book. Sister Mary 
Felicitas, CN A president. praised the per- 
formance of the nurses at the station and 
thanked all who had participated. A sym- 
bolic silver spoon with the Association's 
emblem was presented to each of the 
student and registered nurses who served 
at the nurses' station during the six-month 
exhibition. 
Alice Girard. president of the Interna- 
tional Council of Nurses, Sheila Quinn. 
executive director designate of ICN, Lyle 
Creelman, senior nurse for World Health 
Organization, and Helen K. Mussallem, 
executive director of CNA. represented 
nurses' associations at the reception. Carlton 
B. Pierce, medical consultant for the Theme 
Pavilion, Michel Jutras, manager of exhibi- 
tions at the Man and His Health Pavilion, 
and Rita Lussier and Viola Aboud, co- 
ordinators of the nurses' station. were 
present on behalf of Expo 67. Norman 
Lupovich, president of White Sister Uniform 
Company, and Otto Rabb, of Siemens 
Medical of Canada, co-sponsors with CNA 
of the nurses' booth. were among the 
guests. 
All the months of preparation, collabor- 
ation, and exchanges ended up in an at- 
mosphere of gaiety and satisfaction. 


Coronary Monitoring 
Seminar at MCH 
Montreal. - The establishment of cor- 
onary monitoring units was the topic of a 


16 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


two-day seminar held October 16 and 17 at 
The Montreal General Hospital. Sponsored 
by the nursing department of the hospital, 
the seminar was attended by 70 nurses 
from English-language hospitals in Montreal 
and surrounding areas. 
Members of medical staff discussed the 
philosophy behind a coronary monitoring 
unit, described technical aspects and equip- 
ment, and demonstrated responses to life- 
endangering arrythmias. 
Nursing staff from the unit at The 
Montreal General described principles of 
staffing and recruitment. special orientation 
progrems for new staff, ongoing educa- 
tional programs, physical selUp and environ- 
ment. and procedures and nursing care of 
the patient. Films, slides, and visual aids 
were used and delegates toured the unit 
as part of the seminar. 
A role playing session illustrated the 
admission of a patient to the unit. detection 
of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, 
and subsequent treatment. 
The emphasis during the two days center- 
ed on prophylaxis of cardiac arrythmias. 


Canadian Rehabilitation Council 
Honors Montreal Agency 
Toronto. - Recreation for the Handi- 
capped, Inc., a Montreal agency providing 
recreation programs for the disabled. has 
received the annual Reader's Digest Award. 
which honors those who have contributed 
in the field of rehabilitation. 
Given for distinguished service in de- 
veloping and expanding a community re- 
habilitation program during 1966-1967. the 
award was presented by E.P. Zimmerman, 
President of the Reader's Digest Association 
(Canada) Limited. at the fifth annual meet- 
ing of the Canadian Rehabilitation Council 
for the Disabled, October 20. 
Accepting the framed certificate together 
with the cheque for $500. which accom- 
panies the award, was Mrs. John S. Corbett. 
of Montreal. president of the Recreation 
for the Handicapped Inc. 
In selecting this agency. the Canadian 
Rehabilitation Council for the Disabled 
departed from its usual practice of accepting 
nominations for the award from agencies 
and individuals working in the field of 
rehabilitation across Canada. The Council 
Board of Directors felt that Recreation for 
the Handicapped Inc. had, through its 
services to all the disabled in Canada in 
this Centennial year, merited the honor 
beyond any doubt. 
Started as a pilot project of the Montreal 
Council of Social Agencies in 1957, the 
agency works through existing recreational 
facilities to plan and provide programs 
specially suited to the physically disabled. 
In the past seven years its services have 
enlarged to meet the increased number of 
requests from the handicapped who wish 
to live as full and as normal a life as 
possible. 


The Canadian Rehabilitation Council, 
which acts as the coordinating body for 
more than 20 rehabilitation organizatIons 
across Canada, was formed in 1962. It 
was a merger of all provincial agencies 
caring for Canada's crippled children 
through receipt of annual Easter Seal 
Funds, and those whose programs are 
directed toward rehabilitation of the adult 
disabled (March of Dimes or Mothers' 
March agencies). The Council acts as the 
national spokesman to all levels of govern- 
ment and the general public on behalf of 
the physically handicapped adult and child 
in this country. 


Three Western Provinces 
To Participate In 
International Health Study 
VallcoU\'er. - British Columbia, Alberta, 
and Saskatchewan will participate in a 
seven-nation international study on utiliza- 
tion of medical care now underway under 
the chairmanship of Dr. Kerr White of 
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Mary- 
land. The study, which will include a 
computer analysis of masses of statistical 
data, will take three years. 
The goals of the study have been 
specified in hypotheses relating to medical 
resources and utilization of health personnel, 
morbidity and physician consultation. mor- 
bidity and nurse consultation, morbidity and 
drug use, social position and attitudes to 
utilization, and other factors. 
The British Columbia study will be 
undertaken by the B.C. Health Resources 
Council. a group representing the health 
professions, provincial government. and 
schools and faculties associated with the 
health professions at the University of 
B.c. 
A special study had been planned pre- 
viously by the Council as an in-depth 
investigation of the availability and utiliza- 
tion of all health resources in two typical 
B.C. communities. The Council has approved 
joining the B.c. study to the international 
study and believes that both will benefit. 
The resources study will be conducted 
from May I to Sept. I, 1968, by a group 
of UBC pharmacy, dental, and medical 
students. 
They will make a detailed census of all 
health workers and facilities in the area, 
and by means of questionnaires, will 
attempt to establish the total number of 
man-hours available for personal health 
care, the time given to each patient, and 
the length of time patients must wait for 
appointments with doctors and dentists. 
A household survey will be conducted 
by two teams, each composed of 12 inter- 
viewers and supervisors. Each team will 
interview members of 250 families in each 
of four six-week periods spread over the 
12 months beginning May I, 1968. Each 
interview will take about an hour. 0 
DECEMBER 1967 



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Epilepsy...a handicap on the wane with 
THE PARKE-DAVIS FAMILY OF ANTICONVULSANTS 


for grand mal and for the petit mal triad 
psychomotor seizures Zarontin@ 
Dilantin@ (ethosuximide) 
Milontin @ 
(diphenylhydantoin sodium) 
<90-1 t- (phensuximide) 
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phenobarbital, 
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<9Phelantin@ during neurosurgery 
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names 


The Canadidn Nurses' Association lost 
a valuable staff member last month when 
June I. Ferguson, public relations officer, 
left to get married. 
Miss Ferguson was CNA's first public 
relations officer. Before coming to the 
Association in 1962. she worked in public 
relations and sales promotion for Air 
Canada; with Public and Industrial Rela- 
tions Ltd. in Toronto; and as press 
representative for CJOH television, Ottawa. 
Dr. Helen Mussallem, executive director 
of CNA, commended Miss Ferguson's work 
over the past five years. "Through her 
vitality, ingenuity, and intelligence. she has 
added lustre to the image of the nursing 
profession and its organizations as a vital. 
creative body committed to the improve- 
ment of health:' she said. 
"A public relations person is responsible 
for obtaining public acceptance of the 
Association's beliefs and enlisting public 
support for its endeavors," Dr. MussaUem 
continued. "Mi
s Ferguson's lively, outgoing, 
warm personality and her ability to 
establish rapport with people have been 
invaluable assets in establishing a good 
image for the nursing profession and its 
associations in Canada." 
Miss Ferguson considers communications 
with nurses themselves to have been her 
most important ta
k. "The nursing profes- 
sion must know at aU times where it is 
going and why, if it is to continue to 
advance as the concept of nursing ad- 
vances," she said. 
To help nurses work together in pro- 
moting the aims and objectives of the 
Association, Miss Ferguson has worked 
closely with the provincial aSSOCiations. 
edited the monthly CN A Blillctill. writtcll 
in THE CANADIAN NURSE, and directed 
information to national magazines, tele- 
vision, radio, and press. 


Sheila Quinn, exec- 
utive director desig- 
nate of the Inter- 
national Council of 
Nurses. spent one 
week in October at 
the Canadian Nurses' 
Association headquar- 
ters in Ottawa. The 
main purpose of her 
visit was to consult with Dr. MussaUem, 
executive director of CNA. about arrange- 
ments for the ICN Congre
s to be held 
in Montreal in June, 1969. 
The theme of the 14th Quadrennial 
Congress will be "Focus on the Future." 


... 


...." 
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18 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


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A "farewell" tea was held for June I. Ferguson, CNA public relations officer, 
before she left CNA to embart. on her new career - marriage. Dr. Helen K. 
Mussallem (right), CNA executive director, made the presentation. 


The basic problems of nursing are the 
same the world over, Miss Quinn said, 
and this topic wiU encompass three broad 
areas of concern: nursing education, social 
and economic welfare of nurses, and 
nursing service. 
"The ICN is not a standard-setting body, 
but one of its main purposes is to provide 
an international forum for discussion," Miss 
Quinn said. "There are many different 
philosophies of nursing held by nurses 
throughout the world." she added. "ICN, 
however, has formulated a broad definition 
of a nurse to be used as a criterion for 
eligibility of membership within the ICN." 
Sixty-three countries and more than 
800,000 nurses are members of the ICN. 
About 12,000 persons are expected to at- 
tend the 1969 congress. almost twice the 
number that attended the 1965 congress 
in Frankfurt, Germany. Mis
 Quinn said. 
Dr. Mussallem will travel to ICN head- 
quarters in Geneva, Switzerland in February 
1968 to discuss the program of the 1969 
congress with the ICN permanent executive 
and the board of directors. 


Victorine Leclair has been awarded the 
Marjorie Hiscott Keyes White Cross Medal 
given this year by the Canadian Mental 
Health Association to "the psychi.ltric nurse 
in Quebec who most nearly approaches the 
ideal through demonstration of interest, un- 
derstanding and warmth of personality in 


daily contact with the mentally ill." 
Miss Leclair received her basic and psy- 
chiatric nursing training at I'Hôpital Saint- 
Je,jß-de-Dieu in Gamelin, Quebec. She stu- 
died psychiatric nursing, teaching, and ad- 
ministration in Washington, D.C. from 
1953-54 on a Gilchrist Scholarship, and re- 
ceived her Bachelor of Science in Nursing 
Education at I'Institut Marguerite d'You- 
ville, Montreal. in 1962. 
Miss Leclair has nursed in Drummond- 
viii. Chicago. Washington, and Montreal. 
She has taught at I'Hôpital Saint-Jean-de- 
Dieu and I'Institut Marguerite d'YouviUe 
and is now teaching at the Maisonneuve 
Hospital. 


Helene M. Lamont 
recently retired after 
18 years as director of 
nursing of the Royal 
Victoria Hospital, 
Montreal. 
A graduate of the 
Royal Victoria Hospi- 
tal, Miss Lamont ob- 
tained a B.N. degree 
from McGill University in 1949. She held 
the positions of operating room head nurse, 
supervisor of out-patient department, and 
medical supervisor, before attaining her 
present post in 1949. 
Twice winner of the Royal Victoria Hos- 
pital scholarship for advanced study, Miss 
DECEMBER 1967 


.. 


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Lamont also has been active in the Asso- 
ciation of Nurses of the Province of Que- 
bec. acting as vice-president and president 
of the association. 


Dorothy M. Percy has received the first 
Doctor of Nursing degree awarded by the 
University of Ottawa. The honorary degree 
was conferred by Mme Georges P. Vanier, 
chancellor of the university. at the fall 
convocation. 
In presenting Miss Percy for the degree 
of Doctor of Nursing, "01lOri.
 causa, Sister 
Françoise Robert said. "Dorothy May 
Percy achieves this high distinction not 
only because of her great personal attain- 
ments amI contributions to the develop- 
ment of this calling. but because. in the 
eyes of her peers and of the University, 
she embodies that tradition of vigorous 
and progressive perseverence that for 
almost 330 years has kept Canada In the 
vanguard of nursing leadership. 
"Canada's place at the forefront of the 
profession is due in I,age measure to 
Dorothy Percy pelsonally. and to others 
of her stature. During 43 years of devoted 
practice she has served as head nurse in 
two major hospitals, helped direct a major 
nursing order. lectured at university, risen 
to the rank of Matron in w.lr service, 
occupied positions of gre,1I influence in 
the public service, and represented the 
country at nursing congresses abroad. 
Today a rich harvest of love and affection 
surrounds a woman whose every heartbeat 
has been of compassion. concern. and 
dedication." 


Ruth E. McClure, director of the Univer- 
sity of Alberta School of Nursing, Edmon- 
ton. has announced several new appoint- 
ments to the faculty. Mavis K. Chittick, 
formerly supervisor of Rockyview Hospital. 
Calgary, has been named assistant professor. 


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Dorothy M. Percy, jwt before receiving an honorary Doctorate in Nursing - 
the Univenity's fint - from University of Ottawa. With Miss Percy (left) are 
Madame Georges P. Vanier, Chancellor of ,he UnÏ\'ersity; Rev. Dr. Roger 
Guindon, OMI, Rector; and Mr. J. Alphonse Ouimet, Mr. Ouimet also received 
an honorary dQClOrate in social sciences at the University's fall convocation. 


Since receiving a Master of Nursing degree 
in 1957 from the Yale University School of 
Nursing, Miss Chittick has taught at the 
Calgary General Hospital School of Nursing 
and at the McGill University School for 
Graduate Nurses. 
Barbara J. Dobbie, Evangeline Vinge, and 
Irene M. Bell have been appointed as lec- 
turers. Miss Dobbie. who will lecture on 
maternal and child health, received a diplo- 
ma in maternal and child health teaching 
and supervision from the McGill University 
School for Graduate Nurses. She formerly 
taught pediatrics at the Calgary General 
Hospital and the Royal Alexandra Hospital. 
Edmonton. Miss Vinge received a Bachelor 
of Science in Nursing from the University 
of British Columbia in 1962. She has since 


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Eight CUSO nurses en route for two-year assignments in India. 
Dorothy Friesen, Judith Friend, Carol Preece, Karol Johnson, 
Maria Holubowsky, Hazel Grant, and Margaret Cockman. 
DECEMBER 1967 


Left to right: 
Alice Mader, 


worked for the Victorian Order of Nurses 
in Port Arthur and Montreal and for the 
Edmonton Board of Health. Miss Bell work- 
ed for four years as a clinical instructor 
and as a basic sciences instructor at the 
University of Alberta Hospital. She has also 
been employed by Simpsons-Sears in Calga- 
ry as an industrial nurse. 


\ 
, 
\ 


On October 29, eight Canadi.m nurses 
flew to India to begin two years nursing 
service abroad. They are being sponsored 
by Canadian University Service Overseas, 
a private but government-assisted organiz- 
ation founded in 1961 that now fields 860 
professionals and university graduates in 
40 developing countries in Africa, Asia, 
Latin America, and the Caribbean. 
After undergoing an intensive orientation 
program in Delhi, the nurses were assigned 
this month to family planning centers and 
schools of nursing in northern India. They 
are employed and paid by the Indian 
government. 
The girls represent a cross section of 
the provinces. Margaret Ann Cockman and 
Maria Holubowsky are 1966 graduates of 
St. Michael's School of Nursing, Toronto. 
Karol Johnson is a 1966 graduate and 
Dorothy Friesen is a 1967 graduate of 
Vancouver General Hospital School of 
Nursing. Hazel Grant graduated this year 
from the Children's Hospital School of 
Nursing in Halifax. Judith Friend is a 
1966 graduate of Kitchener-Waterloo 
School of Nursing. Carol Preece, a 1964 
graduate of SI. Michael's School of Nursing, 
Lethbridge, Alberta, has had one year of 
obstetrical and two years of pediatric 
experience. After graduating in 1962 from 
St. Joseph's Hospital School of Nursing, 
Hamilton, Ontario, Alice Mader worked in 
neurosurgery at the Boston New England 
Medical Center. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 


19 



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20 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


dates 


December 4-6, 1967 
First Canadian Conference on Hospi- 
tal-Medical Staff Relations, sponsored 
jointly by the Canadian Medical As- 
sociation, Canadian Hospital Asso- 
ciation, Canadian Nurses' Association 
Seigniory Club, Montebello, Quebec. ' 
December 7-8, 1967 
Surgical Ward Nursing course, Christ- 
mas Seal Auditorium, 10th Ave. and 
Willow St., Vancouver 9. Fee $20. To 
inquire about late registration write: 
Department of Continuing Medical 
Education. The University of British 
Columbia, Vancouver 8; or phone 
228-3250. 


January 18-20 r 1968 
Royal College of Physicians and 
Surgeons of Canada, annual meeting, 
Royal York Hotel, Toronto. For inform- 
ation write: 74 Stanley Ave.. Ottawa. 
February 11-16, 1968 
Institute for Intensive Care Nurses 
Joseph Brant Memorial Hospital, Bur
 
lington, Onto For further information 
write: Miss B. Davidson, Director of 
Nursing, Joseph Brant Memorial Hos- 
pital, Burlington, Onto 
February 18-22, 1968 
Association of Operating Room 
Nurses, 15th annual national con- 
gress. War Memorial Auditorium, 
Boston, Mass. For further information 
write: AORN National Headquarters, 
575 Madison Ave., New York, N.Y., 
10022. 


May, 1968 
Ontario Hospital, Kingston, Nurses' 
Alumnae 1968 Reunion. All interested 
graduates please write Miss Marie 
Peters, Ontario Hospital, Kingston. 
May 6-10, 1968 
Ontario Medical Association, annual 
meeting, Royal York Hotel, Toronto. 
For information write: Dr. Glenn 
Sawyer, General Secretary, Ontario 
Medical Association, 244 St. George 
St., Toronto 5. 


May 13-16, 1968 
Canadian Public 
annual meeting, 
Vancouver, B.C. 
May 13-17, 1968 
St. Boniface General Hospital St. 
Boniface, Manitoba, class of '1933 
reunion. For further particulars con- 
tact Mrs. Mary (Lauder) Isbell, Nursing 


Health Association, 
Hotel Vancouver, 


Service, St. Boniface General Hospital, 
St. Boniface 6, Manitoba. 
May 13-17, 1968 
American Nurses' Association. bien- 
nial convention. Memorial Colosseum, 
Dallas, Texas. 
June 2-24 r 1968 
The seventh annual residential sum- 
mer course on alcohol and addiction 
co-sponsored by Laurentian Universit; 
and the Addiction Research Founda- 
tion. Admissions controlled to ensure 
balanced representation from all pro- 
fessional levels. Enrolment limited to 
80. Location: Laurentian University. 
Sudbury, Ontario. For information 
write: Summer Course director Educa- 
tion Division, Addiction Resear
h Foun- 
dation, 344 Bloor Street, W., Toronto 
4, Ontario. 


June 17-20, 1968 
Canadian Conference on Social Wel- 
fare, Skyline Hotel, Ottawa. 
June 17-21, 1968 
Canadian Medical Association, 101 st 
annual meeting, Saskatchewan Hotel, 
Regina, Sask. For information write: 
Dr. A.F.W. Peart, General Secretary, 
CMA, 150 St. George St.. Toronto 5, 
Onto 
June 20-22, 1968 
Canadian Psychiatric Association, 18th 
annual meeting, Regina, Sask. For 
information write: Dr. W.A. Blair, 
Secretary, CPA, Suite 103, 225 Lisgar 
St., Ottawa 4. 
July 8-12 r 1968 
Canadian Nurses' Association General 
Meeting to be held in the Saskatoon 
Centennial Auditorium, Saskatoon, 
Saskatchewan. 


August 12-17, 1968 
7th International Congress on Mental 
Health, London, England. For informa- 
tion write: World Federation for 
Mental Health, Regional U.S. Office, 
Suite 716, 124 E. 28th St., New York. 
N.Y., 10016. 


August 25-31, 1968 
5th International Congress of Physical 
Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hotel, 
Montreal, Quebec. Fee: $40 for para- 
medical personnel. For information. 
write: Dr. Bernard Talbot, Secretary 
General, 5th International Congress 
of Physical Medicine, 6300 Darling- 
ton Ave., Montreal, Quebec. 
DECEMBER 1967 



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More and more hospitals are di
covering that the use of 
SANEEN Flush-a-byes disposable diapers has improved 
their diapering technique. 
Efficiency - Because SANEEN diapers are several times 
more absorbent than cloth, fewer diaper and bedding 
changes are necessary. Nursing time is saved as SANEEN 
diapers are pre-packed, pre-folded, ready for use at the 
bassinet. They take less storage space. And laundry 
loads are reduced. 
Reduced Costs - Because SANEEN diapers save on 
laundry, they are comparable in cost to cloth diapers. 
Hygiene - SANEEN diapers are free of pathogenic 
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they eliminate a major source of cross-infection. 
Comfort - SANEEN diapers are exceptionally soft and 
specially designed to provide a snug fit, thus preventing 
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from the baby's skin, allowing the skin to breathe 
comfortably. Also, diaper rash from harsh laundry 
additives is eliminated. Judge for yourself. 
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 21 


DECEMBER 1967 



new products 


{ 


Descriptions are based on information 
supplied by the manufacturer and are 
provided only as a service to readers. 


Nefrolan 
(POULENC) 
Description - An oral diuretic and anti- 
hypertensive prescribed for edema of varied 
etiology. cardiac failure, or hypertension. 
Nefrolan is available in tablets of 10 and 
25 mg. 
Dosage - Dosage. frenquency, and dura- 
tion of administration must be adjusted 
according to patients' needs. Adults: For 
edemas or cardiac failure, 25 to 50 mg. 
daily on alternate days or on 3 consecutive 
days per week; in rare cases, daily dosage 
may reach 100 mg. Maintenance doses of 
10, 20, or 25 mg. daily may be adequate. 
For hepatic cirrhosis, 25 to 75 mg. daily 
for three to four days, occasionally increased 
to 100 mg. A potassium supplement should 
always be given. For hyperte'lsion, 10 mg. 
daily should be tried initially and the dose 
increased to 20 mg. if the response is in- 
adequate. 
As Nefrolan may cause potassium deple- 
tion. daily ingestion of fruits rich in potas- 
sium is suggested. Patients treated with 
Nefrolan for more than two to three weeks 
should be subjected to frequent monitoring 
of serum potassium. chloride. and bicarbon- 
ate levels. Supplements of potassium should 
be given when indicated. 
Spironolactone may be associated with 
Nefrolan when the urinary output of sodium 
chloride is low and there is reason to sus- 
pect aldosteronism. 
Contraindications - In general, the same 
as for thiazide diuretics; also contraindicated 
in adrenal insufficiency, renal impairment, 
and severe hepatic disease. 
Side actions - Anorexia, particularly in 
ambulant patients, and nausea are frequent 
side effects. As diuretic doses, a few cases 
of urticada have been reported. Nefrolan 
may cause a lowered serum potassium and, 
in rare instances, a hypochloremic and hypo- 
kalemic alkalosis proceeding to tetany. The 
drug may increase blood uric acid and pre- 
cipitate an attack of gout in predisposed pa- 
tients. The loss of body fluid may cause 
thirst, frequency of micturition, cO:1stipation, 
and dryness of the lips. 
Precautions - In heart disease, a low- 
ered blood potassium increases the sensi- 
tivity of the myocardium to digitalis. If 
the urinary output is insufficient, treatment 
should be discontinued. Nefrolan should be 
used with caution for patients predisposed 
to gout. It should not be administered to 
children or to women during the first tri- 
mester of pregnancy. 
For further information write: Poulenc 
Limited, 8580 Esplanade, Montreal II. 
22 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Mammary Prosthesis 
(DOW CORNING SILICONES) 
Description - A medical-grade silicone 
elastomer prosthesis for use following sub- 
cutaneous mastectomy. This prosthesis is 
larger than standard, to compensate for the 
tissue removed in subcutaneous mastectomy. 
The greater size is achieved by increased 
quantity of silicone gel, while the size of the 
envelope does not differ from that of the 
standard size. 
The prosthesis consists of a silicone elas- 
tomer envelope containing a translucent sili- 
cone gel that closely approximates the soft- 
ness, fluid-like mobility, and weight of the 
normal breast. The specific gravity of sili- 
cone gel is .98 while that of breast tissue 
is approximately .94. 
The prosthesis retains initial softness while 
resisting absorption or degeneration, and is 
inert and essentially nonreactive to body 
tissue. 
Four dacron net patches on the back of 
the prosthesis permit tissue fixation to 
chest wall. Inverted circumferential seam 
construction minimizes edge palpability. 
The Silastic mammary prosthesis is sup- 
plied clean and ready-to-sterilize with indi- 
vidual plastic templates designed to serve as 
guides in dissection. Extra-fill mammary 
prostheses are available in large. medium 
and small sizes through Down Bros., Mayer 
& Phelps. and The Stevens Companies 
across Canada. 
Further information may be obtained 
from Dow Corning Silicones Ltd., I Tippet 
Rd., Downsview P.O., Metropolitan Toron- 
to. Ont. 


Duo-Medihaler 
(RIKER) 
Description - An aerosol combination 
that provides symptomatic relief of dyspnea 
resulting from bronchospasm and/or con- 
gestion and edema of the respiratory mu- 
cosa. It is an aerosol combination of 4.0 
mg. of isoproterenol hydrochloride and 6.0 
mg. of phenylephrine bitartrate in an inert 
mixture of sorbitan trioleate, cetylpyridinium 
chloride, and f1uorochlorohydrocarbons as 
propellants. 
Indications - Dyspnea, resulting from 
bronchospasm, congestion of the respiratory 
mucosa, and edema frequently encountered 
in acute bronchial asthma and other allergic 

tates, and chronic bronchial asthma. 
Dosage - Only one or two inhalations 
are usually required. Allow at least two 


minutes to elapse between inhalations. The 
least number of inhalations that produce 
relief should be used on subsequent oc- 
casions. 
Contraindications - Duo- Medihaler 
should be used with great care in the 
presence of cardiac diseases, diabetes mel- 
litus, hypertension, hyperthyroidism, and 
tuberculosis. 
Side effects - Overdosage with isopro- 
terenol may produce palpitation, tachycardia, 
and tremulousness, while overdosage with 
phenylephrine may produce cardiac irregular- 
ities, central nervous system disturbances, 
and reflex bradycardia. 
For further information write: Riker Phar- 
maceutical Co. Ltd., 3214 Wharton Way, 
Cooksville. Ontario. 


ProSobee 
(MEAD JOHNSON) 
Description - A concentrated liquid 
milk substitute made from water, sugar, 
soy protein isolate, corn syrup solid
 and 
added vitamins and minerals. Each 100 cc. 
supplies 135 calories; each fluid ounce 
supplies 40 calories. 
Indications - ProSobee may be used as 
a formula for infants allergic to milk, and 
infants with galactosemia; as a milk sub- 
stitute for children and adults with an al- 
lergy or poor tolerance to milk; as a diag- 
nostic test food when milk allergy is sus- 
pected. 
Administration - Feedings for infants 
In the home: Feed as 20 cal./fl.oz. form- 
ula in sufficient quantity to satisfy the hun- 
ger and nutritional needs of the infant. 
ProSobee concentrated liquid is diluted with 
equal amounts of water. In the hospital: 
ProSobee feedings may be used as a 20 cal./ 
fl.oz. formula, or, if more dilute feedings 
are desired, they may be prepared as fol- 
lows: 1 part ProSobee to 2 parts water (13 
cal./fl.oz.) I part ProSobee to I 1/2 parts 
water (16 cal./fl.oz.). Either terminal heat- 
ing or an aseptic method of forn1Ula prepar- 
ation may be used in preparing ProSobee 
feedings for infants. 
Milk substitute for children and adults 
ProSobee may be used to replace milk as 
a beverage or in cooking. Two parts Pro- 
Sobee concentrated liquid is added to one 
part water. 
Precaution - Prepared formula should 
be refrigerated and used same day or next. 
For further information write: Mead 
Johnson Laboratories, 1) I St. Clair Ave., 
W.. Toronto 7, Ontario. 


DECEMBER 1967 



Save hours of your time D 1 1 @ 
by replacing the enema with... U CO ax .Suppositories 


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Even modern enema equipment is cumbersome and time- 
consuming to assemble. Irrigation poles, bags. tubing, 
bedpans-all must be drawn from Central Supply, in- 
spected and brought to the bedside. It cuts into your valu- 
able morning time and becomes a real burden when you 
have several patients needing enemas. 
And, more often than not, your patients are distressed at 
the prospect of discomfort and loss of dignity-especially 
the elderly, the seriously iII, or postpartum and post- 
surgical patients. 


Dulcolax (brand of bisacodyl) 
Dulcolax Suppositories 10 mg 
Dulcolax Suppositories for Children 5 mg 
Dulcolax Tablets 5 mg 
DECEMBER 1967 


, 


.... 


" 


Dulcolax Suppositories offer a sure, simple way to elimi- 
nate the enema routine. One small suppository is inserted 
in seconds. You like the simplicity and convenience- 
patients are grateful to be spared the ordeal of an enema. 
Dulcolax Suppositories usually act in 15 minutes to 1 hour, 
so you can time evacuations and reduce accidents. You 
can finish the whole ward in less time, with less effort, 
less soiled linen. 


Boehringer Ingelheim Products 
Division of Geigy (Cdnada) Limited, Montreal 


B-5113-65 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 23 



in a capsule 


Champagne corks injure amateurs 
A British medical journal, the Lancet, 
recently reported an interesting physiolo- 
gical development that has sociological im- 
plications. In the past four years, eight 
cases of eye injury caused by champagne 
corks have been treated in one London 
hospital. This appears to be a modern 
malady, as a search of hospital records 
revealed only one other such case, in 1936. 
Lancet advances two theories for the 
rising incidence of this ailment. The first 
is the amount of champagne being consum- 
ed. In 1957, 2,950,291 bottles were pur- 
chased and in 1965, more than 5,181,000 
were bought. The second has more profound 
sociological import. English butlers, the 
traditional openers of champagne bottles, 
are virtually extinct. One London head- 
waiter reports that in 47 years of service, 
witnessing an average of 150 champagne 
bottles being opened in a day, he never 
heard of one eye being bopped by a cork. 


Foersoeksd-Jurisombudsman? 
Medical experimenters in Sweden who 
use animals as their subjects may be forced 
to use the blackmarket in future if a mil- 
itant animal lover group is granted its 
demands. Not content with their ombuds- 
man who defends citizens against encroach- 
ments on their rights by government and 
law, they have requested from the minis- 
ter of justice in Stockholm an animal om- 
budsman to punish those who lure or 
steal domestic animals to sell to institutions 
for medical experiments. - The Ottawa 
Citizen (AP) Sept. 19, 1967. 


Spray away 
Does it sometimes seem that everything 
enjoyable or useful is automatically harm- 
ful too? In an obvious attempt to place 
hair spray in that category, Drs. Om P. 
Sharma and M. Henry Williams, Jr., of the 
Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New 
York, conducted pulmonary function stu- 
dies on 62 beauty-salon employees who had 
worked for more than two years. 
Well, you can spray away with a clear 
conscience. Inhalation of h'air spray is ap- 
parently harmless and causes neither lung 
disease nor other damage to the lungs. Al- 
though certain investigators have proposed 
that a type of pulmonary disease, known es 
thesaurosis, is caused by hair sprays, the 
present study revealed no radiologic evi- 
dence of this condition in any of the 
beauty operators. No abnormality of pulmo- 
nary function was found. 
Of course the pressurized cans are still 
24 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


explosive when placed near heat and the 
spray itself is harmful to the eyes. - Ap- 
plied Therapeutics. July. 1967. 


A hiccup remedy that works 
No more will doctors have to prescribe 
hiccup remedies such as swallowing ice, 
holding the tongue and pressing on the eye- 
balls. 


I get fever 
Is there a medical reason for teenage 
girls faIling unconscious during a perform- 
ance of their favorite hit tunes? The Max 
Planck Institute for Brain Research in Goet- 
tingen, Germany, suggests that the answer 
may be "yes." They have found that the 
pounding rhythms of modern pop music 
can cause mental stress that unnaturally in- 
fluences heartbeat, precipitates increased se- 
cretion of adrenalin, and, in extreme cases. 
leads to collapse of the circulatory system. 
- German Features, III: 37, Sept. 22. 


The Journal of the American Medical As- 
sociation reports an almost foolproof cure 
called pharyngeal stimulation. A flexible 
tube inserted into a nostril stimulates nerves 
in the pharynx by jerky, back-and-forth 
movements of the tubing. 
The process worked in 84 of 85 cases, 
report three physicians at the University of 
Chicago School of Medicine and a fourth 
colleague from the faculty of medicine at 
Cairo University, United Arab Republic. 


Þ )\'1 

",,\ 
-- 
;;;;"- -..?'" 


"You've developed a rare fungus - found mostly on flowers" 


DECEMBER 1967 



When you specify Sterilon irrigation trays... 
you get a choice of piston or bulb syringe 


STERILON'S #215 Irrigation Tray is equipped 
with a piston syringe; the #216 comes with a bulb 
syringe. You decide which is most applicable to 
your preferred technique. But the convenience 
of choice is only one of the features that make 
Sterilon irrigation trays among the finest. In 
addition to either the bulb or piston syringe, 
each unit contains a waterproof underpad, a 
rigid 1200 cc high clarity polypropylene drainage 
tray, a 500 cc graduated solutions container and 


- 
s"t"."'"O"1 


cover, a protective sheath that serves as a drain- 
age tube connector cover, and an antiseptic 
towelette. In short, everything is where you 
need it when you need it. 
Since all the components are completely 
disposable, you never have to clean up after 
you use them. In addition, cross-infection or 
contamination is virtually eliminated. Specify 
the #215 or #216 from Sterilon... you'll specify 
the finest. 


STERILON CORPORATION' A subsidiary of The Gillette Company, 1505 Washington St., Braintree, Mass. 02184 
STERILON OF CANADA, LTD.' A subsidiary of The Gillette Company, 836 Rangeview Rd., Port Credit, Ontario 


.... 



..".....:...,.. 
.-- 
- 


-...... 
-- 


- 

 


As with all sterile disposable items, the packaging should always 
be checked If the packaging Is damaged or the seal is broken, 
the product should not be considered sterile. 


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Cat. No. 215 with piston syringe 
Cat. No. 216 with bulb syringe 



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26 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


When the 
call is for IIStat. II 
diagnostic findings 


. . . you can rely on AM ES tests for immediate 
results in which you can have the utmost 
confidence. For example: 


LABSTIX. Reagent Strips: provide the broadest urine 
screening possible from a single reagent strip test; you get 
5 basic uro-analytical facts in 30 seconds-pH; protein; 
glucose; ketones (acetone and acetoacetic acid), and occult 
blood. The new firm, clear, plastic reagent strip permits 
precise, reproducible readings in all 5 diagnostic areas. 


DEXTROSTIX * Reagent Strips: provide a blood glucose 
determination in just 60 seconds with only one drop of 
capillary blood. DEXTROSTIX is invaluable in diabetic 
screening and management, and in emergency situations 
such as differential diagnosis of diabetic coma. This 
"true-glucose" method is also useful in a variety of clinical 
situations where rapid and accurate blood glucose 
estimations are needed. 


CliNITEST* Reagent Tablets-provide a quick. reliable. 
quantitative estimate of urine sugar. Testing with 
CLiNITEST has special significance for the hard-to-control 
diabetic, the newly diagnosed patient, or in diabetes when 
insulin, other medication or diet is being adjusted. 


Reliable Reproducible Results 
AMES tests are easy to perform and require no elaborate 
laboratory apparatus. They are designed to provide depend- 
able clues to abnorm31 condition5 when rapid findings are 
necessary. Re3gents employed in each strip are precisely 
controlled to provide uniformity in composition. Accurate, 
reliable reproducible readings are thus assured. Ready inter- 
pretation of results is permitted through the precise matching 
of colour changes observed after testing, with colour charts 
provided for each determination. AMES diagnostic aids save 
time, money and space. Moreover they prove of material 
assistance to physicians by helping to recognize patients 
who need immediate care. further study, or more extensive 
diagnostic procedures. 


Ames Company of Canada. ltd. 
Rexdale. Ontario. 


(A\, 

 


AIVIES 


i"Reglstered Trademarks 


C A M -03366 


DECEMBER 1967 



EDITORIAL 


That's what we want for Christmas! 


A red-jacketed, rotund gentleman 
poked his head into our office the 
other day and asked a rather startling 
question: "What do Canadian nurses 
want for Christmas this year?" 
Taken aback by this' unexpected 
visitor and his inquiry, we hesitated 
before replying altruistically that for 
nurses the true spirit of Christmas 
lies in the giving of one's self, not in 
the receiving of material goods. 
"Quite so," he replied. "And nurses 
exemplify this Christmas spirit - all 
year, not just at Christmas - in their 
service to the sick. But this year," 
he explained, and we noticed a twinkle 
in his eye, "I'd like to know what 
they want for Christmas. I'm not 
offering material gifts," he added. "I 
want to know what issues or problems 
in health care nurses would like to 
have solved." 
Now this was, indeed, a big order. 
It is extremely difficult to speak for 
all the nurses of Canada, as we ex- 
plained to our visitor. However, we 
promised him we'd do our best and 
would prepare a list of issues that we 
believed were of concern to all nurses, 
offering our opinion of how they 
should be resolved. 
By the time our whiskered friend re- 
turned from tethering his animals ("A 
very difficul roof to attach animals to!" 
he complained), the list was ready. We 
read it to him. 
. lncreas.ed admissions to basic 
schools of nursing. Although the abso- 
lute numbers of persons entering basic 
diploma and baccalaureate programs 
have increased over the years, the in- 
creases have not kept up with popula- 
tion growth. A new approach to re- 
cruitment is needed for today's young 
person, who often selects his career 
well in advance of high school gradua- 
tion. Recruitment programs can be ef- 
fected best by the coordinated efforts 
of nurses' associations at the provincial 
and local levels, together with provin- 
DECEMBER 1967 


cial governments and schools of nurs- 
ing themselves. 
Entiecement based only on the ser- 
vice and reward aspects of nursing no 
longer will convince high school stu- 
dents to select it as a career. A score of 
other professions offer the same satis- 
factions, but with more pay and better 
working conditions. To encourage stu- 
dents to enter nursing - and to keep 
them in nursing after graduation - 
employing agencies must be prepared 
to offer competitive salaries and attrac- 
tive personnel policies and working 
conditions. 
. More schools of nursing set up in 
educational institutions. A growing 
number of high school graduates are 
being attracted to nursing programs 
offered in settings other than the hospi- 
tal. Hospital administrators and offi- 
cials of hospital associations blame 
nurse leaders, in part, for this trend. 
The real reason lies in young persons 
themselves, who are products of a so- 
ciety that is putting increasing empha- 
sis on education. Young people today 
believe they have a right to a truly 
liberal education in a setting where 
they have a fair degree of personal 
freedom and an opportunity to mingle 
with persons studying programs other 
than nursing. 
Hospital schools of nursing cannot 
disappear overnight. An orderly trans- 
ition of programs from hospital to ed- 
ucational institution (whether it be uni- 
versity, community college, or techni- 
cal institution) is what nursing leaders 
are asking. But this '.orderly transition" 
should not require another half century. 
. The return of 22,000 registered, 
inactive nurses to nursing. Many in- 
active nurses are married women with 
children. To attract them back into 
nursing, child-care centers must be set 
up, either by independent groups, gov- 
ernment-sponsored bodies, or employ- 
ing agencies; part-time work, which 
employers must learn to accept as be- 


ing essential to quality patIent care, 
should be available; salaries and in- 
come tax laws must be fair; refresher 
courses, sponsored by provincial and 
local nurses' associations in coopera- 
tion with government and employing 
bodies, should be offered. 
. Improved nursing care. The recipe 
for quality care for each patient re- 
quires: one mature, intelligent staff 
nurse, dedicated to her patient's wel- 
fare; one supervisor or head nurse who 
has taken additional preparation in 
mangement techniques and who recog- 
nizes the staff nurse's right to develop 
as a person and as a professional; one 
doctor who sees the staff nurse as 
a colleague and a specialist in her field, 
and who believes that the best type of 
patient care is given when colleagues 
collaborate; one administrator who rea- 
lizes that nurses can concentrate best 
on patient care when the employing 
agency has up-ta-date policies and 
working conditions as well as monetary 
rewards that recognize service; and 
one agency or institution whose facili- 
ties and policies allow nurses to nurse. 
These ingredients, blended together 
and seasoned liberally with the respect 
of one discipline for the other, will re- 
sult in improved patient care. 
. Changes in laws involving social 
problems that nurses cannot ignore. 
Thirty thousand illegal abortions are 
reported to be carried out in this coun- 
try yearly. Overtly, our population is 
saying one thing and, covertly, it is 
doing another. Changes proposed re- 
cently will do little to reduce the num- 
ber of illegal abortions; women will 
continue to have their pregnancies ter- 
minated illegally at great risk to their 
lives. Also, change in a law that prohi- 
bits the advertising and dissemination 
of contraceptive information is needed 
urgently. To use a cIiché, "an ounce of 
prevention is worth a pound of cure." 
That's what we want for Christmas. 
- V.A.L. 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 27 




 


Accompanying the two regiments of Canadian troops dispatched to Hong Kong 
in October, 1941, were two R.C.A.M.C. female personnel, Nursing Sisters Maye 
Waters of Winnipeg and Kay Christie of Toronto. Now, 25 years later, the author 
recalls some of the highlights of 21 months behind the barbed wire - with 
special thoughts about one memorable dinner. 


M. & V. for Christmas Dinner 


Kathleen G. Christie 


, 


That was Christmas, 1942, yet now 
in 1967 it is so easy to recall that rare 
but glorious feeling of having had 
enough to eat at one meal, even though 
the main course had been M. & V.-a 
whole tin of it, thanks to the arrival of 
Red Cross food supplies one month 
before. For the uninitiated, M. & V. 
stands for meat and vegetables in stew 
form. Ask anyone who saw service 
overseas about it, but don't expect 
them to share my enthusiasm. 
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28 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


It all began on December 8th, 1941, 
three weeks after our arrival in Hong 
Kong, when the Japanese forces laun- 
ched their attack on the Colony and 
within a week after the bombing, began 
shelling as well. Our British Military 
Hospital, located on Bowen Road 
about midway up the Peak, came in 
for its share of direct hits, which ne- 
cessitated evacuation of the two top 
floors. All patients, including battle 
casualties, had to be accommodated in 



 
./ I \ 


DECEMBER 1967 



the ground floor wards. We were 
forced to move from our comfortable 
residence to the shelters under the hos- 
pital where all hospital personnel slept 
on rows of narrow shelves. 
On Christmas eve, Maye and I were 
posted to night duty; I was on the 
large admitting ward while she covered 
a number of smaller wards. We'd all 
heard what had taken place in outlying 
hospitals as those areas were captured 
and each time footsteps approached 
the darkened ward we'd wonder "Is 
this it?" 
Sometime during that endless night I 
noticed the orderly, a member of the 
British Army, cleaning out the instru- 
ment sterilizer and filling it; then I 
saw the red light glowing to show that 
it was heating. My one thought was 
how nice it would be for the day staff 
to find this already done. Later, how- 
ever, I saw a large pitcher being filled 
from the sterilizer; to my horror, the 
orderly then brought the pitcher and 
mugs to the desk and served tea to the 
V.A.D., himself, and me. There was no 
way out - I had to drink it - and it 
tasted surprisingly good! This was just 
the beginning of double duty for the 
ward sterilizers. 
After coming off duty in the morn- 
ing we went to the shelters to try to 
sleep, which was akin to sleeping at a 
main intersection. In the afternoon we 
learned of the surrender - a term that 
was difficult to accept, especially for 
all of us who had firmly believed the 
words of "Rule Britannia." 
The next day several Japanese offi- 
cers arrived at the hospital entrance 
and ordered the British colonel to 
come out to them. The hospital and 
immediate environs were officially de- 
clared Prisoner of War Camp "A" and 
within days the barbed wire fence 
warned us that we were not free to go 
beyond it. We were guarded constantly 
by Japanese soldiers who were never 
without their bayonets. They strolled 
through the hospital (including the 
wards taken over as dormitories for 
nurses and V.A.Ds.) at any hour and 
some liked to watch while dressings or 


Miss Christie, a graduate of Toronto 
Western Hospital School of Nursing. is med- 
ical secretary for a neuropsychiatrist in 
Toronto, Ontario. 


DECEMBER 1967 


other procedures were done. 
During hostilities our white aprons 
and blue skirts had been replaced by 
slacks and the white organdy veils by 
helmets. In the ensuing months, as 
laundry facilities decreased, the white 
cuffs and then the white collars were 
shed. Our blue uniforms were launder- 
ed when necessary and ironed with the 
only irons available, which were char- 
coal-heated. 
As hospital stores of food and med- 
ical supplies dwindled and could not 
be replenished, we began to feel the 
full impact of what had happened. 
Plaster casts became "high" but had 
to be left on longer than usual; at first 
these patients were moved out to the 
balcony but the Japanese authorities 
ordered them back inside. Dressings 
were changed every few days or week- 
ly and in most cases the wounds healed 
surprisingly well on this method. Be- 
fore long we were not only re-using 
bandages that normally would be dis- 
carded, but were washing out and boil- 
ing gauze dressings, then re-using 
them. Ingenuity and the ability to im- 
provise, yet preserve some semblance 
of surgical technique, became a con- 
stant challenge. Many times I said si- 
lent but grateful thanks for the expe- 
rience gained in my final year of train- 
ing when I had had the good fortune 
to work for a month with a wise and 
kindly V.O.N. in her district in a poor 
area of Toronto during the depression 
years. 
As food became progressively 
scarce, the most unexpected changes 
occurred in many people, changes that 
persisted as long as hunger persisted. 
For example, while bread was still 
available, the patients on the ward be- 
gan to protest that the slices were not 
of uniform thickness and they wanted 
a ruler used to ensure that all slices 
would be the same. They also ques- 
tioned what was being done with the 
end crusts, which, I must admit, I had 
been slicing very thin, but had com- 
mitted the unforgivable crime of eating 
them - never dreaming this would be 
viewed as "snitching rations." 
To give extra nourishment to one 
particular patient I had to hide him 
behind an opened cupboard door while 
he guiltily, but ravenously, ate what- 
ever I had been able to scrounge from 


any source; however, he still had to be 
assured that these extras were a form 
of required medication. On those rare 
occasions when some kind of juice ap- 
peared I let each patient choose be- 
tween "two ounces straight" or "four 
ounces watered down" - really a ma- 
jor decision. 
As nurses, one of our greatest fru- 
strations was in not having the nour- 
ishing food, medication, and supplies 
that patients looked to us to provide. 
The patients' one consolation was that 
we had no more than they. 
For five months, beginning in April, 
1942, we were permitted to send one 
card a month to a relative; the mes- 
sage was restricted to 50 words - 
typewritten or printed, using block 
letters 1/4" high - with no mention 
of food or military matters. Each time 
I used up precious words pleading for 
someone to pay my registration fees, 
remembering the ruling that more than 
one year's arrears meant rewriting 
R.N. examinations. 
On August 10, 1942, on Japanese 
orders and with practically no warn- 
ing, all female personnel were removed 
from the various Service hospitals in 
Hong Kong and taken by truck with 
what luggage we could carry to a civi- 
lian internment camp at Stanley, a 
peninsula on the opposite side of the 
Island that had been the scene of 
some of the most bitter fighting during 
the siege. This move meant that all 
patients were left without nursing care. 
Stanley consisted of a variety of 
buildings into which about 2,400 peo- 
ple - men, women and children - 
were herded, with space and privacy 
conspicuous by their absence. In our 
compound were the buildings compris- 
ing a former Chinese boys' school, St. 
Stephens, including bungalows for the 
staff and a two-and-one-half storey 
residence for the boys. This residence, 
under the new name of Block 10, be- 
came our quarters. 
Service nursing personnel were 
shown preferential treatment we were 
told; only three were assigned to a 
room about nine by twelve feet. When 
shown to our room, it was something 
of a shock to find only four walls (two 
of them partitions), bare floor, and a 
window. Since we had no beds we 
slept on the floor until camp cots were 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 29 



obtained from "welfare" and our 
trunks arrived. I preferred the solid 
foundation of two trunks placed end 
to end with army biscuits for a mat- 
tress, to sagging canvas cots. 
The men in our block, mainly form- 
er Hong Kong police and public utili- 
ties personnel, proved their gallantry 
by providing "furnishings." We were 
fortunate to get a small folding table, 
a large shelf for the wall (this originally 
had been a door on a lavatory cubicle, 
but one didn't look a gift horse in the 
mouth), a wide plank resting on ce- 
ment blocks to form a window ledge, 
and a large enamel basin that served 
for all washing purposes. 
Internees prepared the meagre ra- 
tions provided, each block making its 
own kitchen arrangements. We had a 
permanent kitchen 
team, whose mem- 
bers were entitled to an extra half-ra- 
tion, and they really performed mir- 
acles in making the daily allowance go 
round. 
Outside the kitchen hung an old bell 
that regulated our lives. One bell meant 
that boiling water was available and 
the occupants of all the rooms came 
rushing to the kitchen with tea pots, 
jugs or thermos bottles. Two bells 
meant "chow," which was provided 
twice daily but consisted mainly of 
rice. Three bells meant the tiny rations 
of bread were ready. In 13 months one 
can become completely conditioned to 
and almost dependent upon such sig- 
nals. 
All internees had to be within the 
compound from 8 P.M. to 8 A.M. and 
inside their own block, with lights out, 
at 10 P.M. A night trip to the wash- 
room on the top floor meant groping 
along in the darkness except when a 
full moon lighted the way. 
Since the daily supply of water, 
which was cold, was limited, only the 
early birds got showers. On cold days, 
with no glass in the windows, the wind 
blew through the open cubicles spray- 
ing the precious water off its course. 
Why did we subject ourselves to this? 
Primarily for cleansing, but also be- 
cause it felt so good to get out of it. 
During the rainy season it was not un- 
common to wade through several in- 
ches of water on that washroom floor. 
Our unpleasant companions were 
the everpresent bed bugs, large flying 
30 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


cockroaches that zoomed in through 
open windows, and huge, ugly centi- 
pedes that seemed to just drop from 
nowhere. 
In addition to the hunger problem 
we faced the problem of idleness and 
its effects. Each individual had to plan 
how to occupy the time, but there were 
many opportunities for those who 
wished to find them. Since the small 
hospital in camp was operated by ci- 
vilian nurses, Service personnel did no 
nursing for eight months. Then we 
were asked to relieve the nursing staff 
on night duty and each pair of us 
worked six hours a night for a week at 
intervals of several months. 
Expert bridge players struggled va- 
liantly with rank beginners - of which 
I was one - and this filled many 
hours each day. French-Canadian nuns 
and former teachers taught the school- 
aged internees and also conducted a 
variety of lectures for adults. I, in turn, 
coached an eight-year-old - not, as 
my tutor pointed out, because I knew 
so much French, but because little 
Moira knew even less! 
A group of internees who formerly 
were members of a dramatic society 
presented excellent entertainment pe- 
riodically for all internees, usually re- 
quiring a three-night run to accommo- 
date their appreciative audiences. On 
Sunday mornings communal church 
services were held in that same large 
hall when ministers of various religious 
denominations took turns conducting 
the services. One minister made a point 
of preaching on controversial subjects 
that he hoped would keep internees' 
conversation on something other than 
food, which still was the prime topic. 
Softball teams were formed and, as 
a Canadian, I was expected to per- 
form, usually as pitcher, catcher or 
shortstop, when my favorite position 
had been left field. Although our team 
didn't do well, I was rewarded by be- 
ing allowed to play left field on an 
"All Star" team. 
Periodically, extra food would be 
available at a "shop," but prices were 
exorbitant and money was scarce. Had 
it not been for funds sent to Maye and 
me from the Canadian Officers' Fund, 
our lives would have been extremely 
grim indeed. In November, 1942, we 
received our first and only Red Cross 


food parcels, together with limited bulk 
supplies of tea, sugar, tinned milk, 
margarine and M. & V. This really was 
a godsend and we knew it had to last 
for a long time. 
It was- almost a year before permis- 
sion was given to resume sending cards 
home and just about this time I recei- 
ved my first mail since arriving in 
Hong Kong 18 months before. These 
few letters had been en route for more 
than a year and consequently brought 
no recent news. On July 1st, 1943, at 
a concert especially for Canadians, all 
internees, for the first time since the 
surrender, were allowed to sing the 
National Anthem which, needless to 
say, has seldom been sung with such 
enthusiasm and feeling. 
To counteract the negative features 
there was beautiful scenery to enjoy. 
A cemetery dating back to 184 1, lo- 
cated up the side of a hill, provided the 
maximum in privacy and tranquility 
where one could sit on the large tomb- 
stones under the trees and gaze out 
over the sea that was dotted with tiny 
islands. There were also many friend- 
ships formed in those difficult days 
which not only have lasted but have 
become more firmly cemented as the 
years go by. 
Rumors, usually of our imminent re- 
lease by some means, abounded. As 
dates came and went, but we remained, 
we soon accepted each new rumor as a 
nice thought but nothing more. Thus it 
was one afternoon in late July, 1943, 
that I went on to play and make my first 
grand slam in bridge while someone 
earnestly related the latest rumor, 
namely, that we would be repatriated 
in September. However, this rumor 
differed in that it became fact. On Sep- 
tember 23rd all Canadians in Stanley 
Camp boarded a repatriation ship to 
join the remaining American and Ca- 
nadian civilians in the Far East on the 
first leg of a 10-week sea voyage 
back to freedom and home, with new 
appreciation of a way of life previous- 
ly taken for granted. 0 


DECEMBER 1967 




 


\ 


" 


" 


The critical shortage of nurse personnel is causing nursing leaders to take a serious 
look at new ways of approaching recruitment. The author analyzes recent studies 
on the subject and makes suggestions for improving recruitment programs. 



 


Considerations 
for nurse recruitment 


Shirley R. Good, Ed. D. 


\
 


It may be assumed that every nurse 
in Canada is aware of the shortage of 
nurse personnel. Not many need 
 con- 
cern themselves with why this im- 
balance has come about or how it can 
be corrected; but some nurses must do 
so. Within the context of Canadian 
health and education laws, it is the 
nursing profession in each province 
that will have to act to increase num- 
bers of nursing personnel if the pro- 
fession is to discharge its obligations 
to the people of Canada. 
That the shortage of nurses is be- 
coming more acute cannot be denied. 
Well-documented studies on nursing 
education and nurse populations in 
Canada in the past few years show that 
if present trends continue, neither the 
quality nor quantity of nurses will be 
sufficient to mect future needs. 


.., 


" 


\ 


Intensive recruitment campaign needed 
Action to alleviate these precarious 
situations must include deliberate, in- 
tensive recruitment. Two major factors 
are involved: the first is that each pro- 
vincial association, through its na- 
tional association, has assumed respon- 
sibility for the direction of the profes- 
sion; the second is that education is a 
provincial concern. 
The provincial nurses' associations 
are, therefore, the bodies that should 
assume an increased responsibility for 
large student enrollments in both the 
diPJoma and baccalaureate nurse edu- 
cation programs. At the same time, 
schools must continue their recruiting 


procedures; university schools, in par- 
ticular, must engage actively in the 
recruitment of qualified entrants to the 
baccalaureate program, who will be 
educated for progression to graduate 
studies and subsequent positions as 
teachers, administrators, researchers, 
and clinical specialists. 
A valuable tool in activating well- 
formulated recruitmcnt program
 is the 
study prcpared by Dr. R.A.H. Robson 
for the 1964 Royal Commission on 
Health Services and published in 1967 
as Sociological Factors Affecting Re- 
cruitment into the Nursinf? Profession. 1 
Among his findings, Robson reports 
that about 60 percent of all girls who 
consider nursing do so before the age 
of 13 (before completing grade VI), 
and are most often from the urban up- 
per class in the Atlantic provinces, the 
prairie provinces, and British Colum- 
bia. Yet, this group has littlc informa- 
tion about nursing, which probably ac- 
counts for the fact that only four out of 
ten will choose nursing as a career 
goal. 
In the group of girls classed as late 
choosers of nursing as a career (post 
grade VI), Robson noted that 40 per- 
cent of all girls consider nursing at one 
time or another after the age of 13. 
This group is more likely to be from 


Dr. Good. a graduate of Women's College 
Hospital, Drury College in Missouri. and 
Teachers College. Columbia University. is 
Nursing Consultant. Higher Education. Can- 
adian Nurses' Association. Ottawa. Ontario. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 31 



blue collar and farm families and from 
the very rural areas of Ontario and 
Quebec. Peer group rather than paren- 
tal influence is the apparent motivat- 
ing force in the selection of nursing. 
Also, this group is more inclined to 
seek information regarding entry into 
the profession. 
Robson suggests that the pre-teen 
girl's dislike of nursing centers about 
the lack of challenge and the lengthy, 
difficult preparation. The teenage girl's 
rejection of nursing appears to arise 
from her belief that she lacks the re- 
quired academic ability or the appro- 
priate personality. 
Two other significant findings in 
Robson's study are: university nursing 
students are more likely to have high 
academic ability, to come from upper 
class urban areas, and to seek out jobs 
that are interesting to them; and no 
more than 10 percent of male students 
have sufficiently favorable attitudes 
toward a nursing career - those who 
are interested come primarily from 
working class families in urban areas. 
Thus, there appears to be ample 
scope for improving the approach to 
recruitment. The following suggestions 
are presented as ways of vitalizing 
nursing recruitment programs. 
General Proposals 
The advice of educational psychol- 
ogists, urban and rural sociologists, 
guidance counselors, and nursing school 
personnel should be utilized to plan 
recruitment programs. 
A different approach should be used 
for each of the three audiences: pre- 
teen, early-teen and mid-teen groups. 
Progressively sophisticated materials 
and approaches should be used for 
these groups. 
The programs should appeal to as 
many of the senses as possible, relevant 
to the particular age group. For ex- 
ample, the uniform and equipment 
used in nursing appeal to the pre-teen. 
The programs should be presented 
to both boys and girls at fairly specific 
intervals. The first- or pre-teen pro- 
gram, should be given at the beginning 
of the spring term of grade V and/or 
autumn term of grade VI; the second 
early-teen program. in the spring term 
of grade IX and/or grade X before the 
high school drop-out age; the third 
program, designed to appeal to the 
mid-teen group, should be presented in 
the fall term of the final high school 
year. A three-phase program of this 
nature allows for the possibility that a 
student will participate in these recruit- 
ment programs three times during his 
formative career decision years. 
Attempts should be made to reach 
parent audiences through such organ- 
izations as the Parent Teachers Asso- 
32 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


ciation and the Parent Teachers clubs. 
The pre-teen program should be a 
factual introduction to the practice of 
nursing with no allusion to the anti- 
quated notion of preparation for mar- 
riage. (There is no correlation to show 
that a female nurse is a better wife 
and mother than women prepared in 
other professional pursuits.) 
The early-teen group should be in- 
formed about the two-year educational 
programs and introduced to available 
university preparation for nurses. 
The mid-teen program should be a 
recapitulation of the two kinds of edu- 
cational programs (as endorsed by the 
federation of the 10 provincial nurses' 
associations), the nursing functions to 
be carried out upon completion of 
these courses, and opportunities avail- 
able for advanced academic study. 
The need for academic excellence 
should be emphasized and compared 
with other professional pursuits. 
The hours of functioning as a prac- 
titioner of nursing should be considered 
on the basis of other occupational 
groups. such as teachers and airline 
hostesses. The former often attend 
summer school in supposed vacation 
time, and the latter also work long 
hours, including statutory holidays, 
nights, and weekends. 
Emphasis should be placed on the 
interesting facets of the work and in- 
trinsic rewards the nurse derives as 
a collaborative member of the health 
services team. 


Role of university nurse-faculty 
In addition to recruitment into bac- 
calaureate preparation courses, univer- 
sity nurse-faculty can perform a vital 
role by encouraging baccalaureate stu- 
dents to proceed to graduate studies. 
Lee and Major indicate that faculty 
personnel are remiss in actively recruit- 
ing potential nurse-faculty for univer- 
sity teaching positions.:!':' So far, no 
data have been encountered to indicate 
that this group actively encourages stu- 
dents to proceed to graduate study in 
administration, research, or clinical 
specialization. Because of the general 
lag in recruiting for university teach- 
ing. it would appear that these areas 
suffer equally. 
Two Qoteworthy findings that have 
been reported may help nurse-faculty 
move in a more positive direction. In 
one of these, Sheffield observed that 
the choice of becoming a university 
teacher is usually made late in under- 
graduate course work. 4 In the other, 
Lee reports that in a final-year student 
study population, 50 percent of the 
baccalaureate students expressed in- 
terest in graduate study (37.5 per- 
cent for master's and 12.5 percent for 
doctoral). Among the post-basic bac- 


calaureate group, 70 percent indicated 
interest in graduate work (44.4 percent 
master's and 25 percent doctoral).ã 
University nurse-faculty should be 
alert to identify students who have 
the interest and the academic potential 
for graduate study in their third and 
fourth years of undergraduate work. 
Nurse-faculty should be prepared to, 
and actively engage in, discussions with 
all students about all aspects of gradu- 
ate education that pertain to prepara- 
tion for teaching, administration, re- 
search, and clinical specialization. 
It is recognized that concerned nurse 
educators will question the wisdom of 
activating intense recruitment programs 
at a time when qualified applicants are 
being declined admission to existing 
programs. This is not an insolvable 
problem, since much can be done 
with curricula in these educational 
situations to accommodate interested 
qualified nurse aspirants. 
The problem of recruiting students 
for preparation for nurse positions is 
the responsibility of all professional 
nurses because of their commitment to 
the society they serve. Time is of es- 
sence, but not at the expense of hasty, 
temporary improvisations. Recruitment 
programs for students for diploma, un- 
dergraduate, and graduate study must 
be designed with care. The consider- 
ations offered here are but beginning 
steps for future planning. 
References 
I. Robson, Reginald A.H. SocioloRical Fac- 
tors Allec/illR Recruitment into the Nurs- 
ing Profes.fion. Ottawa, The Queen's Prin- 
ter, 1967, pp. 103-106 and p. 135. 
2. Lee. Margaret N. Preferences for univer- 
sity teaching as the career goal of bac- 
calaureate students of nursing graduating 
from selected universities in Canada. (Un- 
publi
hed Ed.D. Report, Teachers Col- 
lege, Columbia University, New York 
City, 1966). pp. 93-94. 
3. Major. Dorothy. Career planning of high- 
ranl.ing senior students. Nurs. Res., 
Spring 1961, p. 74. 
4. Sheffield, Edward F. The preparatioll 
of the unil'ersity teacher. (Paper presented 
10 Ihe Mount Allison Summer Institute.) 
Sackville, N.H., August 19. 1964. p.1. 
5. Lee. op. cit., Table X. p. 60. 


DECEMBER 1967 



A discussion of the effect of 
medical technology on life-death 
decisions and of the management 
of the social and psychological 
aspects of care for the dying. 


When 
patients 
die: some nursing problems 


DECEMBER 1967 


leanne c. Quint 


In Western societies in particular, 
human death has assumed new dimen- 
sions as a nursing problem. In the 
Twentieth Century, social and techno- 
logical change has led to the prolonga- 
tion of life - thus to an increase in 
persons requiring health care, partic- 
ularly for conditions of a chronic na- 
ture. Since the end of the Second 
World War, social and technological 
change has led to the prolongation of 
dying, through the development of high 
risk procedures and equipment capable 
of keeping the physical body alive al- 
most indefinitely. 
The institutions that provide health 
services have been profoundly affected 
by these changes. The modern general 
hospital has become a complex and 
.:ompartmcntalized center of life-saving 
activities. At the same time one ob- 
serves a sharp increase in institutions 
that provide custodial services - for 
the elderly, no longer able to care for 
themselves, as well as for individuals 
(both young and old) who are socially 
incapacitated by chronic mental or 
physical disease. In both types of in- 
stitutions, the nursing staff must deal 


· This article is based. in part, on re- 
search supported by Public Health Service 
Grant No. NU-00047, from the Division of 
Nursing, Bureau of Health Manpower. Put-- 
lic Health Service, and conducted under the 
auspices of the School of Nursing, Univer- 
sity of California, San Francisco Medical 
Center, San Franci
co, California, U.S.A. 


with many situations in which death is 
a central issue. 
This paper considers two matters 
that are of serious concern to many 
nurses today: I. the difficult choices 
and decisions faced by them when the 
somewhat conflicting goals of recovery 
care and comfort-until-death care con- 
verge; and 2. the management of the 
social and psychological aspects of care 
when patients are dying. The former 
centers around the nurse's responsibili- 
ties associated with control or preven- 
tion of death. The latter is concerned 
with the responsibilities associated with 
dying as a social process - a series of 
events that includes interactions be- 
tween and among a great many people 
and which takes place through a pe- 
riod of time. In neither case are there 
easy solutions for the problems that 
nurses face in practice, because at 
issue are deep-seated values and be- 
liefs that govern the meaning of death. 
both personally and professionally. 


Miss Quint. a graduate of S1. Luke's Hospi- 
tal School of Nursing, San Francisco, Ore- 
gon State University, and the University of 
California, Los Angeles, is Assistant Re- 
search Sociologist, University of California 
School of Nursing, San Francisco Medical 
Center, San Francisco, California. She is 
the author of The Nurse alld the Dyillg 
Patiellt, recently published by the Macmil- 
lan Company, New York, and has written 
many articles on the same subject for vari- 
ous journals in the United States. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 33 



The meaning of death 
For modern Western man, the be- 
lief in human life as a manifestation of 
God's purpose has been challenged by 
the impersonal findings of science. For 
many, death no longer symbolizes a 
gateway, but rather serves as a remind- 
er of the finiteness of human existence. 
Man's life has been extended by mod- 
ern medical care and public health 
measures, but as Blauner has noted, 
his individual death scarcely interrupts 
the ongoing processes of society. 1 
For both personal and social rea- 
sons, death carries a high degree of 
threat for the individual. From a so- 
ciological perspective, Parsons suggests 
that death is a threat to the stability of 
a society based on the Protestant ethic 
of achievement, and the threat is mani- 
fest in avoidance behaviors by mem- 
bers of the society.:! 
According to Vol kart, the meaning 
of death in North America is directly 
related to the American small family 
system that leads to a self-involvement 
with and an emotional attachment to a 
few select persons, thereby maximizing 
their psychological significance. a The 
culture provides for intense emotional 
investment in a few individuals but 
offers no easy solution to the problem 
of replacement once they are gone. 
The socio-emotional vulnerability of 
individuals to loss through death is 
extremely high. In consequence, when 
a person has a fatal illness, there is a 
tendency among those concerned to 
act as though death were not forth- 
coming. Stated differently, societal 
values and beliefs about death foster 
interactions in which death is denied, 
minimized, or avoided. 4 
The disruptive impact of death on 
the ongoing business of society has 
been progessively controlled through 
a segregation of the dying.:; More and 
more, hospitals and other specialized 
institutions house and care for the ter- 
minally ill, and the personnel in these 
facilities become involved in social af- 
fairs that once belonged primarily to 
the family. However, the occupational 
groups responsible for managing ter- 
m;nal care have a primary commit- 
ment to the preservation of life, and 
they achieve their greatest satisfactions 
from helping people get well. Thus pa- 
ticnt<; who die tend to be categorized as 
34 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


less desirable than patients who re- 
cover because they do not provide the 
personal rewards and professional ac- 
complishments that come from work- 
ing with the latter group. 
The patient's act of dying is not a 
simple matter for nurses. Rather, the 
act of dying requires them to make 
decisions and to assume special re- 
sponsibilities concerning the death. 
There are two general types of occu- 
pational problems in which death is a 
central issue. 1I First, the patient unex- 
pectedly begins to die, and the nurse 
initiates emergency resuscitatory activi- 
ties until the doctor arrives. The per- 
son mayor may not be saved by these 
efforts. Second, the patient is expect- 
ed to die, although the anticipated time 
of death may vary - from close and 
certain to remote and highly uncertain. 
At some point when death is perceived 
as inevitable, the "nothing-more-to-do" 
stage is reached and the fundamental 
goal of care shifts from recovery to 
comfort.; 
The work that nurses do when con- 
fronted with sudden and unexpected 
dying is directly related to life-saving 
goals. The tasks that they perform 
when death is expected depend on 
whether the patient is still defined as 
recoverable or whether they recognize 
and accept the reality of forthcoming 
death. However, many times the pa- 
tient cannot neatly be classified as 
"dying" or "not dying," nor are the 
nurses always informed by the medical 
staff of the patient's true state. In con- 
sequence, nurses encounter numerous 
situations in which they make choices 
between the recovery goal and the 
comfort goal on the basis of "best 
judgment." These choices are not al- 
ways simple or easy to make. 
Conflicting goals of nursing practice 
The high value attached to life- 
saving responsibilities within the nurs- 
ing and hospital subcultures has cre- 
ated an environment in which recovery 
care carries higher priority than com- 
fort care. According to a recent study 
of five schools of nursing, the educa- 
tion of nurses has empha
ized life-pre- 
serving techniques and procedures with 
little specialized training in implement- 
ing the distinctly different goals of 
helping people to live while dying.
 


The relative importance attached to 
recovery care is illustrated by an inci- 
dent that occurred during a statewide 
meeting of nursing students. 
"A nurse who was conducting a 
workshop on 'Death and the Nurse' 
asked the students what they would do 
if they had a terminal cancer patient 
who suddenly developed cardiac arrest. 
After much discussion the students 
decided that they would start cardiac 
massage, letting the doctor decide 
whether or not to continue when he 
arrived. Thus the students made a 
choice supporting the primary occupa- 
tional value of saving lives. Yet the 
decision was required in a context in 
which life-saving actions might tempor- 
arily delay death, but could not ul- 
timately ensure recovery."11 
There are some serious issues under- 
lying the responsibilities carried by 
nurses. Perhaps the most serious has 
to do with decisions concerning the 
prolonging and non-prolonging of life, 
and the conditions under which these 
actions are appropriate or inappropri- 
ate. Central to this issue is the ques- 
tion: Whose choice - the person him- 
self, the physician, the family, the hos- 
pital staff? 
The societal pattern of silence about 
dying is reflected in the disclosure 
practices used by physicians and fam- 
ilies. There is a general tendency to 
keep the dying person uninformed 
about the reality of his condition, to 
maintain him within a context of closed 
awareness about either his diagnosis, 
his prognosis, or both. 111 As a 
result, 
the person himself is not generally con- 
sulted about the use of heroic measures 
or life-extending machinery on his be- 
half, and others make the decisions - 
sometimes influenced as much by emo- 
tional strain as by rational thought, 
and by the special meaning of this 
person's death to the living.' 
Decisions relative to the use of non- 
prolonging measures are not generally 
difficult when the forthcoming death 
is viewed as an acceptable one by all 
concerned - for example, when the 
patient is old and has lived a full life. 
The decisions become more complicat- 
ed and problematic when the circum- 
stances are such that family and staff 
alike are caught up in strong emotional 
responses - as when the patient is 
DECEMBER 1967 



young, or is a person of national im- 
portance, or the family is unable to 
come to terms with the reality of his 
death. 
Within the hospital, nurses increas- 
ingly are faced with situations that re- 
quire them to make choices about the 
use of heroic measures and about talk- 
ing with dying patients concerning 
what is going on around them. With 
the rapid expansion of life-prolonging 
capabilities has come the development 
of hospital wards where life-death de- 
cisions are almost routine parts of the 
nurse's daily work. Recovery rooms 
and intensive care units are ex- 
amples of this trend. Because of the 
intense focus on recovery and to fore- 
stall accusations of negligence, nurses 
on these wards tend to work very hard 
to prolong life even when these activities 
may be of little use. Nurses in these 
settings achieve great satisfaction when 
their efforts succeed. They are also 
very vulnerable to feelings of negli- 
gence when their efforts fail, and to the 
helpless feelings brought on by fre- 
quent exposure to death. 
"Many nurses are also upset by de- 
cisions to prolong the patient's life 
when he is obviously not going to sur- 
vive. Others are disturbed because pa- 
tients are treated more like objects 
than like human beings. Caught in a 
pull between the task of 'life-saving at 
all costs' and a desire to provide the 
patient a dignified and humane death, 
some nurses find that they cannot tol- 
erate the tensions of continuous assign- 
ment to _ the intensive care ward. 
Nurses who stay in these settings ap- 
pear to handle the situation by 
switching their concerns from the pa- 
tient to the doctor whom they can sup- 
port in his efforts to save the pa- 
tient. "1:! 
It is not simply in making choices 
between the recovery goal and the 
comfort goal that nurses encounter dif- 
ficulties in their work with patients 
who are potentially or actually dying. 
The management of the social and psy- 
chological aspects of care for these pa- 
tients poses other kinds of problems. 
Social and psychological impact of 
dying 
Whether they work in hospitals, 
convalescent homes, or agencies pro- 
DECEMBER 1967 


viding home care services, nurses are 
providing care for persons who are 
dying. There are times when these as- 
signments provide the nurse with in- 
tensely satisfying and professionally re- 
warding experiences. There are also 
times when these assignments require 
her to face and deal with difficult and 
distressing problems, usually because 
the social and psychological impact of 
the death is very intense. 
The nurse's problems are of two 
kinds: those associated with the worÁ 
that she must do; and those resulting 
from her personal reactions to the 
death or to events occurring during the 
assignment period. '3 
The work tends to be relatively 
easy when these conditions prevail: I. 
the patient carries low social value; H 
2. there is no family, or the family 
members are accepting of the forth- 
coming death; 3. the patient is coma- 
tose - thus inaccessible to conversa- 
tion; 4. the dying interval is short and 
calm; and 5. the death is unobtrusive. 
In contrast, providing comfort, - 
both physical and psychological - 
and help tends to become both com- 
plex and often difficult under these 
circumstances: I. the patient is assigned 
high social value - sometimes causing 
mass reactions of grief; 2. the family 
behaves in a disturbing way, for ex- 
ample, creating emotional scenes on 
the ward; 3. the patient behaves in an 
upsetting way by being aggressive or 
moody or highly emotional - perhaps 
by talking about death in a way which 
bothers the nurse; 4. the dying interval 
is lengthy, and the nurse has prolonged 
contact with patient and family; and 
5. the death itself is obtrusive and dis- 
turbing to sight and smell. 
It has been well established that 
Americans do not like to talk about 
death or dying, and conversation that 
is or threatens to be saddening is gen- 
erally not allowed. I:> Nurses are no 
exception to the rule; they have devel- 
oped occupational strategies for keep- 
ing interactions with patients and fam- 
ilies under control. lf . For nurses gener- 
ally, interactions with dying patients 
and their families tend to be relatively 
easy when the threat posed by death or 
by personal involvement is minimized. 
The interactional difficulties increase 
in proportion to the amount of per- 


sonal and professional threat that is 
present. 
As nurses report their experiences, 
the conditions that contribute to inter- 
actional tensions include the following: 
I. the patient who is not to be told 
about his prognosis suspects something 
is wrong and tries to find out; 2. the 
patient's personal characteristics trig- 
ger strong personal reactions, for ex- 
ample, the child who is dying precipi- 
tates feelings of sadness and grief; 3. 
the patient talks about his own death 
or behaves in ways that cause the 
nurse to feel helpless and hopeless. 
Many problems described by nurses 
in their interactions with dying pa- 
tients and their families are directly re- 
lated to a paucity of communication 
between the medical and nursing staffs. 
The education of both groups has em- 
phasized physical care and technical 
procedures and has provided little spe- 
cialized training in the social and psy- 
chological aspects of care. Rather, 
these social and psychological matters 
are essentially nonaccountable within 
the organized health care systems, with 
important consequences for the pa- 
tients and for the staff. I. If doctors and 
nurses have learned to avoid or evade 
certain types of situations, it is be- 
cause, in part, they have had very little 
help in learning how to cope with their 
own reactions and feelings. 
It is indeed true that individual 
nurses - often with little specialized 
preparation for the task - are quietly 
helping dying patients and their fam- 
ilies cope with the social and psycho- 
logical problems they encounter. These 
individual efforts, however, can scarce- 
ly forestall the movement toward 
"death control" as it is evolving in 
modem, urban society. 
 


Conclusion 
There is every indication that nurses 
in the future will face more rather than 
fewer problems in which death is a 
central feature. Wards offering special- 
ized, highly technical services for the 
critically ill or for those undergoing 
high risk procedures are on the in- 
crease in hospitals - both in numbers 
and in complexity of task.!' It is un- 
likely that the present trend toward 
segregating the dying from the living 
will be reversed, and the need for care- 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 35 



and-comfort nursing services for these 
patients, whether at home or in insti- 
tutions, undoubtedly will increase. 
What needs to be done? First, the 
reality of what is happening needs to 
be recognized by the medical and nurs- 
ing professions. For both doctors and 
nurses, the occupational problems re- 
lated to death have undergone tremen- 
dous changes, both quantitatively and 
qualitatively, but the education of new 
practitioners has not kept pace with 
these changes. For change to occur, 
the curricula in schools of medicine 
and schools of nursing must be revised 
to provide better training for the psy- 
chological, social, and organizational 
aspects of work that involves deathY' 
In addition, nurses themselves need 
to face the reality that care for the 
dying is essentiaIly a nursing problem, 
not a medical problem. Although phy- 
sicians make many decisions and carry 
serious responsibilities affecting the 
lives of patients with fatal illness, it is 
nurses and their associates who deal 
with the day-by-day tasks of helping 
these people and their families live 
with the social and psychological con- 
sequences of the iIlness. To improve 
the care of these patients, nurses must 
be wiIling to do something to alter the 
conditions that interfere with effective 
care. For example, nurses can take the 
initiative in establishing open and reg- 
ular two-way communication with phy- 
sicians rather than to wait for "orders" 
from them. 
If nurses are to accept responsibility 
for the care of dying patients, how- 
ever, the difficulties of the task must 
be recognized by the agencies that pro- 
vide nursing services. The directors of 
nursing service need to be willing to 
take the initiative in involving the 
medical staff in coordinated and coop- 
erative planning and "to consider how 
best to make provision for consistent 
support and guidance to the nursing 
staff who, when one faces the issue dir- 
ectly, bear the brunt of this difficult 
and serious problem.":!11 
More than this, the directors of 
nursing need to recognize that effective 
nursing care may require a reorganiza- 
tion of presently existing agency poli- 
cies and practices. Such changes can- 
not generally come into being without 
active involvement of the administrator 
36 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


of the agency and its policy-making 
board. 
Finally, the issues that transcend 
professional responsibilities for termin- 
al care need to be discussed and debat- 
ed more openly by all of the profes- 
sionals concerned and by the public at 
large. One such issue has to do with 
decisions concerning the prolonging of 
life. Another has to do with the use 
of addicting drugs for the control. of 
pain. A tendency to withold or to 
space the administration of narcotics 
reflects the general American attitude 
toward addiction but may lead to 
needless pain for the dying patient. In 
both matters - the prolonging of life 
and the use of addicting drugs - the 
actions of doctors and nurses mirror 
the values of American society. With 
the changing of the times, issues such 
as these cannot afford not to be dis- 
cussed and debated. 


References 
I. Blauner, R. Death and social structure. 
Psychiatry, 29:379, Nov. 1966. 
2. Parsons, T. Death in American society 
- a brief working paper. The Amer- 
ican Bel/Cl\'ioral Scientist. 6: 61-65, 
1963. 
3. Volkart, E. and Michael. S. Bereave- 
ment and mental health. Exploratiom 
in Social Psychiatry. New York. Basic 
Books, 1957. pp. 281-307. 
4. Quint. J.e. The social context of dying. 
Conference on Terminal Illness and Im- 
pending Death Among the Aged, spon- 
sored by Division of Chronic Diseases, 
Department of Health. Education, and 
Welfare, Washington. D.e.. May 10. 
1966. 
5. Blauner. Op.CIl., pp. 378-94. 
6. Quint. J.e., The Nurse and the Dyinf: 
Patiellt. New York, Macmillan. 1967, 
pp. 22-24. 
7. Glaser, G. and Strauss, A.L. A ware- 
nes.r of Dyinf:. Chicago, Aldine, 1965. 
pp. 204-25. 
8. Quint. J.e. The Nurse and the DyÙlf: 
Patient. New York, Macmillan. 1967. 
9. Ibid., p. 229. 
10. Glaser and Strauss. np.cit. pp. 29-46. 
II. Bowers. M.K. et al. Counseling the 
Dying. New York. Thomas Nelson & 
Sons. 1964. pp. 52-73. 
12. Quint. J.e. The nurse encounters the 
dying patient. Paper given at a sympo- 
sium, Death. Grief, and Bereavement, 


sponsored by the University of Minne- 
sota, May 18-19. 1967, pp. 13-14. 
13. Quint. J.e. The dying patient: A diffi- 
cult nursing problem. The Nursing Clin- 
ics of North America. Philadelphia, 
W.B. Saunders. Dec. 1967. 
14. Glaser, G. and Strauss, A.L. The social 
loss of dying patients. Amer. J. Nurs. 
64: 119-21. June 1964. 
15. Fulton, R. Death and the self. Journal 
of Reli[?ion and Health. vol. 3, July 
1964. 
16. Quint. J.e. Institutionalized Practices 
of Information Control. Psychiatry 28: 
119-32, May 1965. 
17. Strauss. L., Glaser. G., and Quint, J.C 
The non accountability of terminal care. 
Hospitals 38: 73-87, Jan. 16, 1964. 
18. Talbott. G.D. ICU's - present and 
future. Resident Physician, June, 1967, 
pp. 95-97. 
19. Quint, The Nurse and the Dying Pa- 
tient, op. cit. chapter 8. 
20. Quint, J.e.. "Nursing services and the 
care of dying patients: some specula- 
tions." Nur.ringSen'ice 2:440. Dec. 64.0 


DECEMBER 1967 




 


I ,t". 


Miss Dawson. a graduate of the Toronto 
East General Hospital and the diploma 
course in public health nursing at the Uni- 
versity of Toronto. is Director of the De- 
partment of Educational Services at Ortho 
Pharmaceutical (Canada) Ltd. Through this 
department. she provides educational litera- 
ture. lectures. and teaching aids to nurses 
who are involved or interested in the field 
of family planning. 


DECEMBER 1967 


Conception control 
in family planning 


One of the most important social changes in our world today is the growing 
acceptance of conception control as part of the marriage pattern. Nurses, along 
with physicians, clergymen, and social workers, are becoming increasingly involved 
in counseling for family planning. 


Elaine Dawson 


When planning a family, a couple 
should consider many factors: their ex- 
pected economic status. which will de- 
termine how they can best feed, clothe, 
house, and educate their children; the 
spacing of each child; the stability of 
their marriage; and their own emotion- 
al and physical health. Being well-in- 
formed about contraception could be 
an integral part of their family plan- 
ning so that their children, when born, 
are there through choice and not 
through chance. 
While many nurses may never rec- 
ommend any means of birth control, 
one of the first steps to becoming com- 
fortable with the subject is to be know- 
ledgeable about the various methods 
available. 


Pregnancy rates 
The normal pregnancy rate is estim- 
ated as 60-80. This means that with 
100 fertile women using no method of 
contraception for one full year, we 
could expect 60-80 pregnancies to oc- 
cur in that group. From these figures 
it is plain to see that uncontrolled fer- 
tility can be disastrous, whether on 
the family or the national level. 
Since the dawn of history, man has 
shown concern in regulating the size of 
his family. Many ideas were developed 
in an effort to find drugs or devices 
which would inhibit fecundity. It is 
interesting to note that the rationale for 
all so-called modern methods is ages 
old; only the materials that are used 
today are really new.! 


Oral contraceptives 
The search for an effective and safe 
oral contraceptive was carried on for 
centuries, but it was not until the 
1950s that such a drug was developed. 
After considerable research and count- 
less field trials involving thousands of 
women, the "combination" products 
and then the "sequentials" were made 
available. 
Mode of action 
The ovulatory cycle is controlled 
through a complicated hormonal inter- 
action of the gonadotropins from the 
anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and 
the estrogen and progesterone from the 
ovary. These two hormones, when giv- 
en to the non-gravid woman, act to 
prevent ovulation by inhibiting the se- 
cretion of the pituitary gonadotropins. 
The ingestion of these hormones also 
results in endometrial changes and a 
thickening of the cervical mucus.
 It 
is thoul!ht that these additional two 
factors ;nay play a role in the effective- 
ness of the method. 
Combination oral contraceptives 
The "combinations" contains syn- 
thetic estrogen and progesterone (pro- 
gestin). Doses of 10 mg. were intro- 
duced some 10 years ago. Since then 
doses as low as I mI!. have been de- 
veloped, and are still virtually 100 
percent effective. 
Starting on the fifth day after the 
first day of the menstrual flow, one 
tablet is taken, preferably at the same 
time each day. The tablets are taken 
for about 21 days, depending on the 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 37 



c 


a 


Cfg 



 


b 


\)<] 
d 


o 


e 


Figure 1. JI arious intrauterine devices: a) Lippes Loop; b) Gynekoil; 
c) Lippes Loop inserter - with loop partially straightened for inser- 
tion; d) Bow; e) Stainless steel ring. 


product. A menstrual period will usual- 
ly commence 2 - 5 days after the last 
tablet has been taken. Each new tablet- 
taking cycle is started approximately 
one week after the last cycle is com- 
plete whether or not menstruation has 
occurred or is finished. 
One of the pleasant effects of com- 
bination oral contraceptives is the 
scantier flow and shorter periods that 
a great many women experience. 3 Pre- 
menstrual tension and dysmenorrhea 
are frequently relieved. A regular cycle 
length of 27 or 28 days is established." 
Sequential oral contraceptives 
The sequential oral contraceptives, 
while slightly less effective with regu- 
lar use than the "combinations," are 
the tablets of medical choice for some 
womt.,n. These, too, are taken on a 20 
or 21 day regimen. With this type of 
contraceptive, estrogen alone is taken 
for the first 14 - 16 days followed by 
a tablet containing estrogen and pro- 
gestin combined for the remainder of 
the days. As with the "combinations," 
menstrual flow usually starts 2 - 5 days 
after the tablet-taking cycle is stopped. 
38 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Because the sequentials tend to sim- 
ulate the pattern of the normal men- 
strual cycle, that is, estrogen early in 
the cycle followed by progesterone, the 
duration and volume of the menstrual 
flow tends to remain unchanged. 
Side effects of oral contraceptives 
A small percentage of women ex- 
perience side effects with both the 
combination and sequential products. 
The most common side effects appear 
to be breakthrough (intennenstrual) 
bleeding, nausea, slight breast tender- 
ness, and weight change. á It is interest- 
ing to note that while some women 
gain weight, some appear to experience 
weight loss, particularly with the 
sequential products. 6 Depression, ir- 
ritability, and headaches are some 
subjective complaints. 
For the most part these side effects 
tend to lessen or disappear after the 
first few cycles of tablet use. In some 
cases they are severe enough to 
warrant discontinuance of the method. 
Precautions 
Although no causal relationship 
has been proven between the use of 


progestin-estrogen compounds and 
the development of thrombophlebitis, 
doctors use caution when prescribing 
oral cùntraceptives for patients with 
thromboembolic disease or a history 
of thrombophlebitis. 
Patients with pre-existing fibroids, 
epilep"y, migraine, asthma or a history 
of psychic depression should be care- 
fully observed. Pre-therapy examina- 
tion should include a Papanicolaou 
smear. 
Contraindications 
Oral contraceptives should not be 
taken: in the presence of malignant 
tumors of the breast or genital tract; 
in the presence of significant liver 
dysfunction or disease; in the presence 
of cardiac or renal disorders which 
might be adversely affected by some 
degree of fluid retention; or during 
the period a mother is breastfeeding 
an infant. 
Pregnancy 
Patients are sometimes concerned 
about planned pregnancies after the 
medication is discontinued. It has 
been found that fertility is not im- 
DECEMBER 1967 



Figure 2. Lippes Loop in position in model of uterus, 
before polyethylene threads have been clipped. 


paired nor are there changes in 
the expected rate of fetal abnormal- 
ities.7. H, D. 10 
Acceptability 
Because of extreme effectiveness 
and the fact that they are taken 
separately from the act of coitus, oral 
contraceptives are highly acceptable as 
a method of conception control. A 
study of 2,040 women over 22,948 
treatment cycles showed that "oral con- 
traception in terms of effectiveness and 
acceptability appears to be far superior 
to any other available method."11 


Intrauterine contraceptive devices 
There are many different shapes 
and sizes of intrauterine contraceptive 
devices. Those which have undergone 
the most extensive evaluation are 
shown in Figure 1. The Lippes Loop 
and the Gynekoil (coil) are made of 
polyethylene. Each has a transcervical 
appendage; the loop has two mono- 
filament polyethylene threads, and the 
coil has a stem with seven beads. 
These extrusions are clipped after the 
device has been inserted into the 
DECEMBER 1967 


uterus. The bow (made of poly- 
ethylene) and the stainless steel ring 
do not have the trans cervical ap- 
pendages. These latter two are seldom 
used in Canada. The polyethylene is 
impregnated with barium salt to permit 
visualization by x-ray. 
Insertion 
The sterile device is inserted during 
or immediately after a menstrual 
period. Insertion is easier during these 
days and the post-insertion spotting, 
which occurs in a significant number 
of cases, is less disturbing to the 
patient. Also, the possibility of an 
existing pregnancy is ruled out. 
The polyethylene devices have a 
"memory capability," that is, they can 
be straightened out for introduction 
by means of a tube-like inserter and 
plunger. In the uterus, the device 
returns to its pre-insertion shape. 
(Figure 2) 
The beads or threads, which ex- 
trude from the cervix, are clipped 
short enough to avoid penile dis- 
comfort for the husband, but long 
enough to permit the patient to carry 


out digital examination to determine 
the continuing presence of the device. 
Mechanism of action 
These devices do not act by any 
blockage of the cervix. Sperm are 
found in the uterus and tubes, ovula- 
tion and menstruation continue as 
normal. It is not fully understood 
how the devices prevent pregnancy 
but to the best of our present 
knowledge they may act by increasing 
the speed of transmission of the ovum 
from the ovary, through the tubes, to 
the uterus. 12 
Complications and side effects 
In about 10 percent of cases, ex- 
pulsion of the device occurs. 13 These 
expulsions most often take place in 
the first two or three months of use 
and frequently occur at the time of 
menses. Patients should be advised 
to check pads and tampons and to 
examine themselves after each period 
to confirm that the device is in 
position. Unnoticed expulsions are 
often followed by an unplanned 
pregnancy.14 
Some post-insertion spotting occurs 
in a high percentage of patients. Inter- 
menstrual bleeding and/or menor- 
rhagia is common during the first two 
or three menstrual cycles. Persistent 
and/or heavy bleeding is the most 
common reason for removal of the 
device by the physician. 15 
Slight cramping is sometimes felt 
at the time of insertion but this 
usually subsequently subsides. Some 
patients, however, experience cramp- 
ing during the first few menstrual 
periods. 
Pregnancies have occurred with the 
device
 in situ. In these cases the 
device is usually left in place. It 
remains outside the fetal sac and IS 
often delivered with the placenta at 
term. 
Perkin, reporting on the data of 
11,222 first insertions from 43 con- 
tributing institutions, states that the 
pregnancy rate per 100 women at the 
end of the first year was 2.4 percent 
for the loop, 1.8 percent for the coil, 
5.7 percent for the bow, and 7.5 
percent for the stainless steel ring. If; 
Contraindications 
Reasons for not using intrauterine 
devices include: pregnancy, genital 
malignancy, acute or subacute pelvic 
inflammatory disease, history of 
menorrhagia or metrorrhagia (these 
should be treated prior to insertion), 
fibroids, and bicornuate or septate 
uterus. 
Acceptability 
Perkin also states "...the intra- 
uterine devices offer the following 
advantages as a method of contracep- 
tion: a) Sustained patient motivation 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 39 



... 


.. 


\ 



 



) 


....... 


Figure 3. Diaphragm with spermicidal jelly covering 
cervix and surrounding tissues. 


- 



 


.J 


" 


<1 


Figure 4. Applicarion of spermicidal agent into 
vaginal canal. 


is not required. b) They are highly 
effective. c) Fertility following removal 
of the device is unaffected. d) The 
method is independent of coitus. 
e) They are inexpensive. The loop is 
well tolerated by at least 75 percent 
of women in whom it is inserted."1 j 
As a rule intrauterine devices are 
not inserted in a nuIliparous patient. 
The incidence of cramping, bleeding, 
and expulsions is much higher for 
this group. By and large, these patients 
are not considered to be good candi- 
dates for this type of contraception. 
Diaphragm with spermicidal jelly 
The diaphragm is a dome-shaped 
device made of latex rubber over a 
flexible metal rim. It must be fitted 
by a physician. When correctly in 
place, it rests: anteriorly against the 
soft tissues posterior to the symphysis 
pubis; posteriorly, within the posterior 
vaginal fornix; and circumferentially, 
against the vaginal walls. Whether the 
diaphragm is inserted dome up or 
dome down, the spermicidal jelly used 
with the diaphragm must be between 
the diaphragm and the cervix. (Figure 
3). The diaphragm and jelly must re- 
main in place for at least six hours 
following the last coitus. Douching 
within that period of time may dilute 
or remove the spermicidal jelly, so 
should not be recommended. 
This method offers the motivated 
patient a fairly high level of protec- 
tion. Displacement of the diaphragm 
during coitus and improper or in- 
consistent use usually accounts for the 
40 THE CANADIAN NURSE 
, 


failure of this method. The pregnancy 
rate has been reported as low as 
five 1s and as high as twelve. ID 
Some women find this method a 
nuisance or complain that it interferes 
with the spontaneity of the sex act. 
For the woman who cannot or does 
not wish to use the oral contraceptive 
or the intrauterine devices, the dia- 
phragm with a good spermicidal agent 
offers a reasonable alternative. 


Spermicidal agents - Jelly, cream, 
foam 
Spermicidal chemicals in a non- 
reactive base of jelly. cream, or foam 
are yet another method of contracep- 
tion. These agents are placed, by 
means of an applicator (Figure 4), 
well back in the vagina, just prior to 
sexual intercourse. Certain jellies and 
creams, as well as being spermicidal, 
also provide somewhat of a barrier to 
sperm. However, some women find 
the jeIlies and creams "messy" and 
prefer the more esthetically pleasing 
foam. 20 
Patients who wish a simple, easy- 
to-use method that does not require 
a prescription readily accept this 
method. The pregnancy rate for the 
vaginal foams ranges from 2.7 to about 
10 and for the creams and jellies from 
about 3.5 to 15. 


Condom 
The condom is still the most widely 
used of the mechanical methods. When 
used with care and consistency, it 
offers a fair degree of protection. 


One study lists the pregnancy rate 
as 6 to 16. 21 The main disadvantage 
of this method is that its use interrupts 
the sex act and often prevents com- 
plete sexual satisfaction for one or 
both partners. When the husband feels 
that contraception is his responsibility, 
the condom may be the method of 
choice. z.! 


Coitus interruptus (withdrawal> 
This method of contraception, surely 
the oldest in the world, is described 
as the withdrawal of the penis from 
the vagina just prior to ejaculation 
so that the semen is not deposited 
in or near the vagina. Conscious con- 
trol by the husband is imperative if 
the method is to be successful. Sperm 
found in the urethral secretions prior 
to ejaculation could theoretically cause 
a pregnancy. 
This method is often not considered 
satisfying to either the husband or 
the wife. 2 : i It carries an estimated 
pregnancy rate of 35. 
Rhythm method 
The rhythm method is based on 
identification of the time of ovulation 
and then abstinence from sexual inter- 
course around this time. The ovum 
is fertilizable for about 12 - 24 hours 
only. but sperm have been found to 
be viable in the female genital tract 
for up to five days.2
 It becomes 
imperative, therefore, that the couple 
be able to avoid coitus well in advance 
of the time of ovulation if this method 
is to prove successful. 


DECEMBER 1967 



GROUP I Oral Contraceptives 
Most effective Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices 
GROUP II Diaphragm with Spermicidal Jelly 
Very effective Aerosol Vaginal Foam 
Jelly or Cream alone 
Condom 
GROUP III Rhythm Method 
Less effective Coitus Interruptus 
GROUP [V Vaginal Douche - plain or with chemicals added 
Least effective Breast feeding 
Non-spermicidal suppositories 


Effectiveness Ratings 


Arithmetical calculations, involving 
the recording of the shortest and 
longest menstrual cycles over a mini- 
mum period of six months, are used. 
Ovulation is also calculated by plotting 
the basal body temperature. 
In one particular study where 
women were selected for their 
menstrual regularity, the pregnancy 
rate was found to be about 14. 2 :; 
Menstrual irregularity and febrile con- 
ditions can affect calculations of the 
time of ovulation. The pregnancy rate 
for the general population using the 
rhythm method is estimated at 35. 


Non-acceptable methods 
Because sperm have been found in 
the uterus and tubes very shortly after 
ejaculation (2 - 3 minutes), douching 
is considered to be a very poor method 
of contraception. Non-spermicidal sup- 
positories, too, offer little or no protec- 
tion. It should be noted that lactation, 
contrary to what some patients may 
think, does not really provide protec- 
tion against conception. 
Permanent (surgical methods) 
Vas resection or vasectomy is a 
relatively permanent method of family 
limitation although surgical reversi- 
bility is sometimes possible. In this 
simple operative procedure, spermato- 
zoa are mechanically prevented from 
traversing the length of the vas def- 
erens by severing the vas and ligating 
the cut ends. Libido and potency are 
not impaired. 26 
The surgical removal of sections 
from both Fallopian tubes is the meth- 
od of choice for female sterilization. 
In appropriate situations this may be 
done as a postpartum procedure or 
as an elective operation in the non- 
pregnant woman. 27 


Conclusion 
It is important to remember that 
there is not yet one perfect method 
DECEMBER 1967 


of contraception. The method most 
acceptable to the couple is the one 
that will be used most consistently, 
and hence, is the most effective for 
them. The full range of methods - 
oral contraceptives, intrauterine de- 
vices, diaphragms, spermicidal agents, 
condom, coitus interruptus, and 
rhythm - offer the couple a selection 
from which they can choose the one 
best suited to their family planning 
needs. 
Non-directive counseling, which 
counseling in family planning should 
be, does not attempt to impose any 
set of values or beliefs on the patient. 
[t respects the right of the individual 
to make her own decision. 2M 
Many nurses in Canada are finding 
that patients are looking to them for 
guidance and information in this field. 
A broad, precise knowledge of concep- 
tion control is necessary to enable 
the nurse to counsel comfortably and 
confidently. 
Traditionally, there has been in the 
nursing profession a deep commitment 
to the strengthening of the integrity 
of the family and the development 
of the individual. 
We must seek to assure that each 
child born will be, not a burden, but 
a blessing - a welcome, wanted 
addition to the family and to the 
community. 
References 
I. Finch, B.E., and Green, H. Contracep- 
tion Through the Ages. London, Peter 
Owen Ltd., 1963. 
2. Rice-Wray, Edris et al. Oral progestins 
in fertility control: a comparative study. 
Fertil. Steril. 14:4. July-Aug. 1963, pp. 
402-409. 
3. Mears, Eleanor. Oral contraceptives. In 
PoIlock, Mary. Family Plal/I/il/g. Lon- 
don, Bailliere. TindaIl & Cassell, 1966, 
pp. 25-31. 
4. Goldzieher, Joseph W. Newer drugs in 
oral contraception. Med. Clin. N. Amer., 


48:2, March 1964, pp. 529-545. 
5. Tyler, Edward T. Current status of oral 
contraception. JAMA, Feb. 22, 1964, 
pp. 562-565. 
6. Newland, Donald A. et al. Effectiveness 
of a sequential oral contraceptive tablet. 
Obstet. Gynec., 28:4, Oct. 1966, pp. 516- 
520. 
7. Tyler, Edward T. et al. Long term 
usage of norethindrone with mestranol 
preparations in the control of human 
fertility. Clin. Med., 71:6, June 1964, 
pp. 997-1024. 
8. Clinical Aspects of Oral Gestogens. 
World Health Organization Technical 
Report Series, #326, 1966. 
9. Rovinsky, Joseph J. Clinical effective- 
ness of a low dosage progestin-estrogen 
combination. Obstet. Gynec, 23:1, Jan. 
1964, pp. 125- 131. 
10. Rice-Wray, Edris, et al. The accepta- 
bility of oral progestins in fertility con- 
trol. Metabolism, 14:3 Part 2, March 
1965, pp. 451-456. 
11. Ibid. 
12. Perkin. Gordon. Intrauterine contracep- 
tion. CMAJ, Feb. 26, 1966, pp. 431-436, 
13. Ibid. 
14. Tietze, Christopher, and Lewit, Sarah. 
Intrauterine contraception: effectiveness 
& acceptability. Excerpta Med. Inter- 
national Congress Series #86, Oct. 
1964, pp. 98-110. 
15. Perkin, op. eit. 
16. Perkin, op. eit. 
17. Perkin, op. eit. 
18. Dubrow, Hilliard, and Gutmacher, Alan 
F. The present status of contraception. 
J. Mount Sinai Hosp., N.Y. 26:2, Mar.- 
Apr. 1959, pp. 118-124. 
19. Wiseman. Aviva. Oral contraceptives in 
family planning. College of General 
Practice of Canada, Journal, 12:9, June 
1966, pp. 15-21. 
20. Kleppinger, Richard K. A vaginal con- 
traceptive foam. Penn. Med. J. April 
1965, pp. 31-34. 
21. Dubrow, op. eit. 
22. Tietze. Christopher. The condom. In 
Calderone, M.S. Manual of Contracep- 
tive Practice. London, Williams & 
Wilkins, 1964, pp. 181-187. 
23. SjövaIl, Elisabet. Coitus interruptus. In 
Calderone, M.S. Manual of Contracep- 
th'e Practice. 1.ondon, Williams & Wil- 
kins, 1964, pp. 202-206. 
24. Jeffcoate, T.N. Principles of Gynecolo- 
gy. London, Butterworth, 1957. 
25. Dubrow, op. eit. 
26. Ferber, William L Male sterilization. 
In Calderone, M.S. Manual of Contra- 
ceptive Practice, London, Williams & 
Wilkins, 1964, pp. 246-249. 
27. Wood, H. Curtis, Jr. Female steriliza- 
tion. In Calderone, M.S. Manual of 
Contracepth'e Practice. London, Wil- 
liams & Wilkins, 1964, pp. 233-241. 
28. Chesterman, H. Public Health nurse and 
family planning. Nurs. Outlook, Sept. 
1964, pp. 32-34. 0 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 41 



The terms used to describe the 
sexual relationship between two fe- 
males - lesbian or sapphic love - 
date back to 600 B.c. Sappho, the 
famous Greek poetess of that time, 
had gathered together in her House 
of Muses on the Island of Lesbos a 
group of young girls who devoted 
themselves to dancing, poetry, and 
homosexual practices. Also, all of 
Sappho's poetic works are one long 
cry of love for the female sex. 
Homosexuality in females existed 
at a much earlier age in Egyot as 
well as in ancient China and India. 
The Kamasutra (an ancient Hindu 
text on mystical erotics) describes 
lesbian practices in Indian and Persian 
harems where each woman had a 
lover of her own sex. 
Homosexual behavior also was com- 
mon in the days of the Roman Em- 
pire. Lucian, Martial, and Juvenal 
wrote in praise or condemnation of 
this behavior, which they observed at 
the baths or in patrician palaces. 
The attitude toward lesbianism in 
the Renaissance period was one of 
amused indulgence. During the Seven- 
teenth and Eighteenth Centuries, sap- 
phic love was invested with a new 
status through art and literature. In 
the novel Juçtine et Juliette, which has 
lesbianism as its central theme, the 
Marquis de Sade gave an accurate 
description of this period and informa- 
tion on the frequency with which 
homosexual behavior was encountered 
in Europe. There are also references 
to it in the works of Balzac and 
Daudet, among others. 
Homosexuality has been dealt with 
scientifically only in modern times. 
Writers such as Havelock Ellis, Hirch- 
field, Freud, and Adler, as well as 
Kinsey, have examined it from the 
psychological, psychoanalytical and 
sociological point of view. Some psy- 
choanalysts see lesbianism as a psy- 
42 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Some sexologists suggest that there are more females who are homosexual than 
males. Yet female homosexuality has received comparatively little study. 


Homosexual ity 
among women 


Réjane Rancourt, I.L., L.P.s. and Thérèse limoges, B.Sc.Soc., M.A. Crim. 


chological phenomenon that appears 
to be determined, in large part, by 
external or social circumstances. It 
should be recognized, however, that 
researchers have given little attention 
to this deviation. Even now, its most 
important aspects escape sexologists. 


Nature of female homosexuality 
Homosexuality is not easy to define. 
Where does it begin? Where does it 
end? Are we justified in referring to 
homosexuality only when we are faced 
with clearly characterized behavior 
that culminates in orgasm between 
two partners of the same sex? On 
the other hand, can its existence be 
suspected in all cases where two 
persons of the same sex feel attracted 
to one another? 
This first definition of homosexual- 
ity, which limits the use of the term 
to actual homosexual behavior, seems 
too restrictive. It excludes all sexual 
desires that produce. internally, cer- 
tain somatic responses of eroticism 
(for example, secretions). Marcel Eck's 
definition appears to be the most satis- 
factory since it is extensive and ap- 
plicable to individuals of both sexes: 
.. A homosexual is any individual who, 
exclusively or preeminently, desires 
sexual relationship with a partner of 
his or her own sex."1 
Any human relationship is sexual 
in that it is experienced by a male 
or female individual. It is said to be 
sexualized when it involves the genital 
elements of the sexual being. These 
are far less localized in woman than 
in man. According to Dr. Eck, sexual- 
ity is much more diffused in women 
than in men; it involves and changes 


Miss Rancourt is a student in criminology 
at the University of Montreal. Miss Limoges. 
author of La pro.flitution à Montréal, is on 
the faculty of the University of Montreal. 


the woman's whole being to a much 
greater degree than it involves and 
changes any of her specific sexual 
organs':! This is probably why women 
have more need for demonstrations 
of affection. 
Where, then, do we draw the line 
between those relationships that in- 
volve only friendship and those that 
involve homosexuality? For females 
we should identify homosexuality 
through the application of psychologi- 
cal, rather than physical criteria. These 
psychological criteria include an ex- 
aggerated need for the presence of 
another woman, and the exclusive 
nature of the relationship that may 
result in jealousy and other types of 
anxiety. Although physical exchanges 
may remain well below the level of 
total intimacy in such cases, the rela- 
tionship is eroticized to the extent that 
it inhibits the search for a heterosexual 
partner. 
Eck's definition thus appears most 
complete in that it includes the type 
of woman who displays the above 
characteristics, as well as those whose 
homosexual behavior is clearly evident. 
This definition serves equally well for 
women (such as prostitutes) who in- 
dulge in heterosexual relationships 
without being predominently drawn 
toward the other sex. 
Because of a female's physical con- 
stitution, it is easier for her than for 
a male (who must be sexually potent 
to perform heterosexual acts) to in- 
dulge in repeated contacts with the 
other sex, even in those cases when 
any desire to do so is lacking. 
Caprio has claimed that 80 percent 
of prostitutes indulge in homosexual- 
ity,a a fact that one of the authors of 
this article, Limoges, confirmed during 
research carried out among prostitutes 
in Montreal. Others have noted the 
late appearance of homosexual be- 
havior among married women who 
DECEMBER 1967 



have several children. 


Volume and frequency 
It is difficult to determine the per- 
centage of the female population that 
is addicted to lesbianism. Estimates 
can be based only on approximations. 
According to Ellis, homosexuality 
in females is twice as high as in 
males. 4 In England, it apparently in- 
volves from 4 to 10 percent of the 
entire female population. Hamilton has 
estimated that of 100 American wom- 
en questioned, homosexual reactions 
were noted in 26 cases.:; 
Davis records a homosexuality rate 
of 51.2 percent in a sample of 1200 
unmarried women. Of this latter group, 
however, only 20 percent actually had 
sexual relations with persons of their 
own sex.'; Landis found that 91 per- 
cent of women that he interviewed 
were involved, during adolescence, in 
a sentimental homosexual experience; 
however. 33 of the 34 women ques- 
tioned subsequently became complete- 
ly heterosexual. Only one continued 
to engage in homosexual relations.' 
The Kinsey report provides detailed 
data about female homosexuality in 
the United States. I< Kinsey found that 
the frequency rate is higher among un- 
married than married women; in the 
former, sexual contacts may reach as 
high as 16 percent at age 25, and 26 
percent at age 35. In married women. 
homosexuality accompanied by sexual 
contact does not rise above one to three 
percent. From the Kinsey studies, it 
can be concluded that the rate of 
homosexuality in females is approx- 
imately one-half that of males, and 
one-third if account is taken only of 
contact accompanied by orgasm. 
Among women, almost one-half of 
these experiences take place within a 
one-year period. 
Recent writers suggest that there 
are more homosexual females than 
males. Since homosexuality among 
women is less visible than among men 
and meets with less social intolerance, 
these writers believe that estimations 
of female lesbianism are inaccurate. 


Forms of female homosexuality 
A distinction has been made be- 
tween accidental and habitual homo- 
sexuality. A further distinction should 
be made in terms of the various types 
of relationships. Among lesbian cou- 
ples, whether the relationship be per- 
manent or temporary, various forms 
can be noted. All represent counter- 
feits or deformations of certain types 
of normal interpersonal relationships. 
For example, counterfeit mother- 
daughter relationships with added 
sexual behavior are found frequently 
in boarding schools and in the theatri- 
DECEMBER 1967 


cal world. Here, the teacher or the 
star may be sexually attracted to the 
newcomer. Conversely, the latter may 
look to her older partner for feminine 
protection or physical demonstrations 
of affection. 
Counterfeit sister-sister relationships, 
though by no means infrequent, are 
more rarely observed. In these in- 
stances, two friends who are involved 
in a common experience make their 
relationship closer by homosexual rela- 
tions. Colette, in some of her novels, 
has shown how lesbian love can play 
a comforting role in the life of certain 
friends. 
A third type of relationship involves 
counterfeit man-women relationships: 
one of the partners takes the part of 
the lover, the other, that of the mis- 
tress. This type of relationship has 
been described in Radcliffe Hall's 
novel The Well of Loneliness, whose 
heroine, an active, virile type of 
woman, lives with a somewhat younger 
woman whom she controls in an au- 
thoritarian manner. In this case the re- 
lationship resembles a husband-wife 
partnership. 
Homosexuality among women is 
more often an individual occurrence 
involving only two partners. Lesbians 
do not form a world of their own as do 
their male counterparts, who have an 
institutionalized subculture with its 
own morals, newspapers, jargon, and 
meeting places. Male homosexuals see 
themselves as members of a minority 
group that is oppressed by a majority 
of heterosexuals, forcing them to take 
refuge in a clandestine contraculture. 


Social reaction 
Laws concerning homosexuality dif- 
fer according to the sex involved. Most 
European countries continue to make 
a distinction between homosexuality in 
males and in females. In Austria, 
Greece, Finland, and Switzerland, def- 
inite laws exist for homosexuality for 
both male and female. In the United 
States and Canada, homosexuality 
comes under the law that deals with 
sexual offences, which is applicable to 
both sexes. Rarely, however, is this 
law enforced for female offenders. 
Generally speaking, public opinion 
conforms to his legal attitude. It shows 
considerable indulgence toward homo- 
sexuality in females and, as often as 
not, amused indifference. 
This legal difference reflects the fact 
that homosexuality in females is less 
obvious. Also, sexual contact involving 
the genital organs is less frequent 
among female homosexuals; conse- 
quently, the authorities are inclined to 
take a less serious view of it. Since 
lesbians rarely change partners, they 
prostitute themselves infrequently. In- 


stances of blackmail, indecent expo- 
sure, murder, or assault and battery 
among lesbians are infrequent. 
Medical experience shows that les- 
bians seldom become involved in con- 
flictive relationships and just as seldom 
consult a psychiatrist about their de- 
viation. For all these reasons, homo- 
sexuality in females is less well known 
than homosexuality in males. It follows 
that the aura of mystery surrounding 
lesbians has contributed to the public's 
attitude toward it. 


Etiology 
The possible causes of homosexual- 
ity usually are discussed under these 
headings: 
I. Genetic and endocrine factors. 
2. Psychological causes. 
3. Social determinants. 


Genetic and Endocrine Factors 
The consensus is that genetic and 
endocrine factors are of secondary 
importance in any examination of the 
genesis of homosexuality, except in 
very obvious cases of organic bisexual- 
ity (hermaphroditism) or of endocrine 
disturbances related to adrenal gland 
conditions. 
Freud believed that each individual 
has within him inherited male and 
female biological characteristics. This 
bisexual explanation has served as a 
theoretical basis to explain homosex- 
uality. Although this hypothesis has 
not been discarded entirely, recent bio- 
logical and genetic developments have 
served to discredit it. Homosexuality 
is now believed to be psychic in char- 
acter. 
Allen argues that the theory of bi- 
sexuality is untenable, since homo- 
sexuality is amenable to therapy; dis- 
orders of genetic origin do not respond 
to psychotherapeutic treatment. Sandor 
Rado rejects the use of the term "bi- 
sexuality" to describe a lack of sexual 
differentiation of the embryo in its 
early stages of development. He prefers 
to speak of "bipotentiality of differen- 
tiation," which means that the zygote 
is capable of masculine or feminine 
development. 9 


Psychological factors 
The main causes of homosexuality ap- 
pear to be psychological. 
Following an extended study on 
male homosexuality, the Research 
Committee of the Society of Medical 
Psychoanalysis in the United States 
(which now is carrying out a long- 
term study on homosexuality in fe- 
males), arrived at the following con- 
clusion: "We assume that heterosex- 
uality is a biologic norm and that un- 
less interfered with all individuals are 
heterosexual. Homosexuals do not by- 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 43 



pass heterosexual developmental phases 
and all remain potentially heterosex- 
ual. "10 
This opinion confirms Rado's belief 
that male homosexual adaptation is a 
result of "hidden but incapacitating 
fears of the opposite sex."]] In this 
respect, what is true of the male prob- 
ably is true of the female. What, then, 
are the reasons for such retarded psy- 
chosexual development? 
Whether exponents of various the- 
ories speak of homosexuality as a 
disturbance of the individual's rela- 
tionship with his body (Merleau-Pon- 
ty), as a sexual response to abnormal 
stimuli (Rado), as an acquired be- 
havior > (Perloff), or as a fixation of 
sexualíty at an earlier state (psycho- 
analysts), the fact remains that all, im- 
plicitly or not, accept the theory that 
its beginnings can be traced to the 
individual's past experiences. 
Homosexuality is, then, a distur- 
bance in the choice of the sexual object. 
Desire and sexual pleasure remain, but 
are directed toward a person of ident- 
ical sex. In the Freudian view, the 
choice of the object is a three-stage 
process: 
1. In early life, sexual instinct (in 
the very broad sense of the word, ex- 
cluding the genital order) is autoerotic, 
that is, the child selects himself as 
object. 
2. As the child acquires the ability 
to communicate with the outside world, 
he discovers an external object, his 
mother, who relieves his tensions by 
satisfying his needs. 
3. Finally, the individual selects the 
nature of the sexual object in terms of 
the genital order. Normally, the object 
chosen is of the opposite sex, which is 
recognized as the most appropriate 
means to relieve sexual tension. 
Within the female homosexual there 
appears to be a main causal factor that 
prevents the individual from progres- 
sing to this third stage. This factor is 
anxiety, which inhibits the woman's 
capacity for stimulation by a hetero- 
sexual object and forces her to seek 
compensation through a deviated pat- 
tern of stimulation. 
Anxiety toward the opposite sex 
may originate in extremely varied ex- 
periences, giving rise to a highly varied 
pattern of fear: fear of growing up and 
assuming adult responsibilities; fear of 
dominance and destruction through 
bodily penetration; and fear of mutil- 
ation by pregnancy and childbirth. 
Homosexuality may be an expression 
of defiance of parents and society, or 
a desire to conquer and possess the 
domineering or rejecting mother by 
identifying her with the female lover.]2 
The presence of such fears suggests the 
44 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


existence of an unfavorable home en- 
vironment with unsatisfactory sexual 
differentiation, both on the parents' 
side and on the children's side.]3 
In its preliminary conclusions about 
female homosexuals, the Research 
Committee of the Society of Medical 
Psychoanalysis reports that it has been 
able to isolate a "typical father" and a 
"typical mother" of these patients. H 
The typical father is inclined to be de- 
tached, disinterested, and weak; the 
typical mother, on the other hand, 
often is a domineering individual who 
tends to encourage feelings of guilt in 
her daughter. The latter, in turn, is 
hostile to her mother; she is unable 
to turn to her father in whom she 
perceives nothing but weakness. 
We believe that the reverse situation 
--domineering father, weak mother- 
also may bring about homosexuality in 
the daughter. 
In many families, children are taught 
that sex is reprehensible and wicked 
and fraught with dangers in its conse- 
quences for the daughter. This attitude 
may cause the daughter to deny the 
existence of heterosexuality or the 
parents to deny the possibility of homo- 
sexual behavior in their daughter in 
spite of evidence to the contrary. 
Given such an atmosphere, it is not 
surprising that the daughter experi- 
ences feelings of such acute anxiety 
toward the opposite sex that she sub- 
merges her heterosexual tendencies and 
adapts a deviant behavior to avoid the 
"dangers" she attributes to the opposite 
sex. 


Social factors 
The very existence of homosexuality 
shows that sexual instincts are charac- 
terized by a certain plasticity, and that 
cultural considerations help to shape 
sexual behavior. 
Romm notes that until quite recent- 
ly a deprecatory attitude existed to- 
ward the sexual role of women.]5 
Women were expected to submit to 
sexual intercourse, not through any 
personal desire or for reasons of per- 
sonal pleasure, but to afford pleasure 
to the male. Subsequently, reference 
readily was made to female masochism; 
the basic tenet in this instance being 
that this was a fact of nature rather 
than a fact of culture. 
Finally, too little recognition has 
been given to the fact that sexual 
morality and legislation, which are two 
forms of social reaction, both take a 
far less serious view of lesbianism than 
of male homosexuality. On the other 
hand, society is far less tolerant of the 
woman who engages in illicit hetero- 
sexual behavior that it is of the man 
The fact that morality and legislation 
have been, up to now, mostly deter- 


mined by males, suggests that this con- 
tradictory system or double moral and 
social standard is directed to safe- 
guard a certain type of male suprem- 
acy; this might explain society's indif- 
ference to what women do when left 
to themselves. This indifference has 
important consequences in the treat- 
ment of female homosexuality and on 
its frequency. 


Treatment 
Female homosexuals usually experi- 
ence less guilt feelings than the male 
homosexual. Related paranoidal reac- 
tions are less frequent in females, sug- 
gesting an explanation for their lack 
of concern, compared to males, about 
seeking a cure for their condition. Al- 
so, women are less hesitant about 
abandoning psychotherapy that is de- 
signed to help them become hetero- 
sexual. 
For those women who persevere 
with treatment, the results are as satis- 
factory as they are for men. The treat- 
ment is not limited specifically to the 
deviation, however, since the patient 
frequently has a neurosis with the at- 
tendant prùblem of poor interpersonal 
relations. Thus, it is essential to base 
treatment on the total personality, not 
just on the sexual deviation. 


References 
1. Eck, M. Sodome, essai SUT 1'llOmosexua- 
lité. Paris. Fayard, 1966, p. 13. 
2. Ibid., p. 30. 
3. Caprio, F. S. L'homosexualité de la fem- 
me. Paris. Payot, 1957. 
4. Ellis, H. Studies in tile Psycllology of 
Sex, vol. 2. New York, Boni, 1936. 
5. Hamilton, D. M. Some aspects of homo- 
sexuality in relation to total personality 
development. Psych. QuaT. no. 13. 1939, 
p. 229-44. 
6. Davis, K. B. Factors in Sex Life of 2200 
Women. New York. Harper. 1929. 
7. Landis. C. Sex in Development. New 
York, Harper, 1940 
8. Kinsey. A. C. et al. Sexual Behavior in 
the Human Female. Philadelphia, Saun- 
ders, 1953. 
9. Rado, S. A critical examination of the 
concept of bisexuality. Sexual Inversion, 
ed. J. Marmor. New York, Basic Book, 
1965. 
10. Wilbur, Cornelia B. Clinical aspects of 
female homosexuality. Sexual Inversion, 
ed. J. Marmor. New York. Basic Book, 
1965, p. 268. 
I I. Ibid. 
12. Romm, May E. Sexuality and homosex- 
uality in women. Sexulll Inversion, ed. 
J. Marmor. New York. Basic Book, 
1965. 
13. Ed, op. cit p. 13. 
14. Wilbur, C. op. cit. p. 275. 
15. Romm, op. cil. p. 282. 0 
DECEMBER 1967 



... 


. 


( 


I 


Employee health 


The patient is the most important 
person and all services should con- 
tribute to his care. Health services 
for employees do - by keeping staff 
healthy, and at the patient's bedside. 
The patient is not the only benefac- 
tor. 
For years, employers have been 
concerned about health of employees 
- as a matter of dollars and cents. 
Most large stores and manufacturing 
plants employ occupational health 
nurses to help reduce absenteeism, 
improve job performance, and reduce 
overhead costs. Employees have re- 
cognized that not all benefits of the 
health service go to the employer. 
Workers, too, reap benefits from con- 
trol of hazards to health or safety, 
prompt treatment, and continuing care 
of ailments, proper job placement, 
counseling on health matters, promo- 
tion of health education, and reduc- 
tion in cost of insurance and medical 
care plans. 
Hospital administration, even in 
large institutions employing hundreds 
of persons, have been slow to estab- 
lish employee health services. Re- 
quests from nursing associations and 
the demands of unions of non-profes- 
sional hospital workers have brought 
pressure on hospitals to establish em- 
ployee health services. 


Introducing a health service 
In introducing a health service for 
hospital employees, one must first 
survey the overall initial need. Guid- 
DECEMBER 1967 


. 


. 
service 


Patients, administration, staff - everybody benefits when employees are healthy, 
happy, and on the job. 


Norma McNaughton 


ance in developing the program may 
be obtained from the nursing con- 
sultants in occupational health in 
both the federal and provincial gov- 
ernments. A very useful pamphlet is 
Guiding Principles for an Occupation- 
al Health Program in Hospital Em- 
ployee Group, prepared jointly by the 
American Hospital and American 
Medical Associations. 
Local hospitals, the Metropolitan 
Life Insurance Company, and the 
Civil Service Health Division also 
provide help and encouragement in 
setting up a new program. However, 
each health service must set up its 
own methods of conduct and estab- 
lish its own standards according to 
the available facilities and the needs 
of the employees. 
Facilities vary from a filing cab- 
inet in a clothes closet and corridor 
consultations to a lavish clinic room 
and big office for personal interviews. 
One southern Ontario hospital is 
functioning successfully with a small 
basement office that has an even 
smaller area for treatments - so suc- 
cessfully in fact that when the new 
wing now under construction is com- 
pleted, a new large easily-accessabJe 
health service area, consisting of a 
.ioint waiting room and secretary's of- 
fice, a treatment room, a nurse's of- 
fice, a rest room with comfortable 
bed, a bathroom, and a large storage 
closet, will be available. 


Miss McNaughton is Health Nurse at the 
Riverside Hospital of Ottawa. Ontario. 


Health is a personal responsibility 
Basically, an employee's health is 
his own responsibility. An employee 
health service is not intended to sup- 
ersede this responsibility nor to take 
the place of a family doctor. First 
aid may be given for minor disorders 
for which the employee would not 
reasonably be expected to seek the 
attention of a personal physician, and 
palliative treatment for minor injuries 
or illnesses can be given to enable 
the individual to complete the current 
work shift before consulting his own 
doctor. 
Most hospitals do not employ a 
physician for the health service, but 
rely on doctors on call in the emer- 
gency department to care for the 
needs of the employee. In most hos- 
pitals, employees have some type of 
insurance that pays for visits to a 
doctor's office; if medical insurance is 
not available, a policy that defines 
how costs will be met should be es- 
tablished. 
Although health is a personal res- 
ponsibility, hospital workers have re- 
strictions. Certain health practices - 
such as pre-employment physicals - 
may be required by hospital policy; 
others - such as yearly stool cultures 
for all food handlers - are provin- 
cial legal requirements. The health 
service helps the employee to comply 
with the regulations and policies. 


Prevention of i!lness 
In Ontario, Regulation 523 of the 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 45 



Public Hospitals Act concerns hos- 
pital management. This Act states 
that any food handler must have a 
physical examination and stool exam- 
ination and culture within seven days 
of the commencement of his employ- 
ment and annually thereafter. An an- 
nual physical examination of student 
nurses, graduate nurses, and register- 
ed nursing assistants is also a re- 
quirement. Within 14 days of his em- 
ployment, every hospital employee 
must receive an intradermal tubercu- 
lin test and x-ray film of his chest. 
Each province has its own regulations 
and the employee health service helps 
both hospital and employee to meet 
these. 
At Riverside Hospital, all food 
handlers, nurses, nursing assistants, 
and orderlies have annual physical 
examinations. These are done by their 
own family doctor on a fonn provid- 
ed by the hospital or by the doctor 
on duty in the emergency department. 
All other employees have a health 
appraisal. The health nurse keeps a 
record of their past illnesses, injuries, 
operations, medications, allergies or 
sensitivities, and reviews their general 
physical appearance, height, weight, 
blood pressure, vision, and hearing. 
This health review provides employ- 
ees with an opportunity to become 
familiar with the health service pro- 
gram. 
The health service is also respon- 
sible for the tuberculosis control pro- 
gram. This program has two purp- 
oses: prevention of infection, and 
early detection of infection of indivi- 
duals. All patients have an admission 
chest film; all new employees must 
have one also. In addition, employees 
receive an intradennal tuberculin test 
unless they are known to be positive 
reactors. All positive reactors have an 
annual chest x-ray. The negative re- 
actors in contact with patients must 
have the Mantoux test every six 
months. Negative reactors among 
clerical staff and other employees not 
in close contact with patients have 
the Mantoux yearly. An employee 
who converts from a negative reactor 
to a positive reactor will have a chest 
x-ray immediately, and then every 
three months for a year, every six 
months the next year, and then an- 
46 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


nually. He will be referred for pro- 
phylactic treatment at the time of 
conversion. There are no restrictions 
preventing an employee from being 
employed in a hospital when his 
tuberculosis is inactive. 


Health teaching 
Even counting lacerations, burns, 
and back injuries, the hospital em- 
ployee faces less accident hazards 
than the one in industry; but he is 
more exposed to infection. Personnel 
must be educated to realize the impor- 
tance of good health practices in keep- 
ing up resistance to infection. All em- 
ployees should know the importance 
of reporting infections promptly. 
All employees leaving work because 
of illness and returning to work fol- 
lowing illness should report to the em- 
ployee health service. This practice 
safeguards patients and co-workers 
and assists in the control of commun- 
icable diseases. 
Health education appropriately goes 
hand in hand with safety education. 
Safety education should teach safe 
work practices, such as proper lifting 
and the use of available equipment 
and protection against infection. 
The health service nurse will do 
much health teaching on an individual 
basis. She also might participate in 
some group teaching on topics such as 
infection control or accident preven- 
tion. 


Elimination of hazards 
A program that focuses attention 
only on cure, or only on prevention 
and treatment of diseases, will waste 
dollars, hours, and energy in "picking 
up the pieces" after health accidents 
that need not have occurred. The 
health nurse is concerned with preven- 
tion of illness through promotion of 
health and health teaching, but equal- 
ly important, she can help prevent ac- 
cidents and illnesses by elimination of 
hazards. 
For example, if housekeeping and 
maintenance staff are coming tù the 
health service with small puncture 
wounds received when emptying garb- 
age, the health service nurse would 
check on this recurring accident. She 
might find that such wounds are caus- 
ed by disposable needles and scalpel 


blades. She would then recommend a 
safer means of discarding these, such 
as small tin cans kept on the medica- 
tion and treatment cupboards for safe 
disposal. 


Treatment 
Treatment for minor accidents, such 
as small burns, scratches, headaches, 
may be referred through the health 
service. Other treatment can be car- 
ried out in the emergency department 
under the supervision of the house 
doctor, or, when necessary, the pa- 
tient's own doctor. 
The health service nurse usually has 
responsibility for filling out workmen's 
compensation forms, and so must be 
notified of all on-the-job injuries. 
Counseling and "just listening" oc- 
cupy a good percentage of the health 
nurse's time. The health service nurse 
must be prepared to maintain a fair, 
objective, neutral attitude regarding 
work problems as many of the prob- 
lems involve her dual responsibility to 
employee and management. 


Home visits 
As a service to the employees, and 
as an indication that the hospital is 
interested in the total welfare of its 
staff, home visits may be made to staff 
members who are off duty because of 
illness. In planning the work, an ef- 
fort is made to give priority to the 
people who seem most in need of the 
nurse's visit. This priority list will in- 
clude: employees requesting a visit; 
requests from a department head when 
he has reason to be concerned about 
an employee; persons with a chronic 
medical problem; and employees liv- 
ing alone, or new to the city. 
Home visits often reveal problems 
other than illness that have caused 
absence from duty. For example, a 
woman may not report for duty because 
her alcoholic husband has beaten her, 
or a man may need to remain with 
the children if his wife is ill. In situa- 
tions such as these it often is possible 
to assist in arranging referrals to vari- 
ous community agencies. 
Inside and outside hospital, health 
rather than sickness should be of 
prime importance. 0 


DECEMBER 1967 



Expectation - 
its role in nursing home care 


Patients in nursing homes usually 
are at a psychological disadvantage. 
They have suffered heavy losses in 
physical health; in social position; and 
in meaningful roles within their fam- 
ilies, among their friends, and in the 
community. They have had to cope 
with these losses and adjust to them. 
Frequently, the end result of these 
losses is a decline in self-esteem, and, 
ultimately, à decline in self-confi- 
dence. These are the most difficult 
losses of all, since without them the 
person has no purpose in life. For 
him, life is without value. 
The nurse who cares for such a pa- 
tient faces a difficult problem: how 
can she help him if he is disinterested 
in life? As a beginning, she can get to 
know and understand him. 


Begin with understanding 
To understand her patient, the nurse 
first must understand herself. What 
gives her self-esteem? What puts 
meaning and value into her own life? 
Is it not the belief that she has 
something to offer others, something 
that commands respect? Is it not get- 
ting up in the morning knowing that 
she has a meaningful task to perform, 
or finding that she can master some- 
thing she feared she could not and 
receiving attention for it? 
To be of help to the patient, the 
nurse must realize that life degener- 
ates into mere physical existence when 
what we have within us is not wanted 
or needed by others; when we get up 
in the morning knowing that no one is 
counting upon us for anything; when 
the opposite sex couldn't care less 
whether we are around or not; ":,hen 
DECEMBER 1967 


For patients in some nursing homes, "Iiving" is nothing more than mere physical 
existence. Putting the "Iife" back into living should be a major concern of nurses. 


Walter Lyons 


life holds no challenge, however, 
small; and when every day is as pre- 
dictable as the setting and rising sun. 


Capacity for stress 
The human personality, like the 
human body, is constructed to be 
used. We know that the body, unused, 
atrophies and shrivels; it retains its 
vitality only as it is subjected to stress 
- not overstress, but stress appro- 
priate to its condition. We also know 
that the capacity for stress increases 
with proper usage. The aging process 
eventually will reduce this capacity, 
but only disease and death will elim- 
inate it. 
So it is with the personality. It 
flourishes with stress that it is able 
to handle, but withers with too little 
stress, or is crushed with overstress. 
Since age decreases the capacity for 
stress, a certain amount of withdraw- 
al must follow; however, only disease 
and death can eliminate this capacity. 
A normal amount of stress, in the 
fonn of "expectation," is needed for 
all persons; those in nursing homes 
are no exception. Without this "ex- 
pectation," only physical existence is 
possible. 


Discussion needed 
The nurse should encourage each 
patient to take as much responsibility 
for his own care as possible. This 
means she will need more than a 
cheery disposition and a good humor. 


Mr. Lyons is Associate Administrator of 
the Jewish Home for the Aged, Toronto. 


She needs time to sit down and dis- 
cuss things with him. 
What things? Real things: the at- 
tempts he makes at self-care; whether 
or not he dresses and grooms himself; 
what he reads; whether he truly enjoys 
his food and what other foods he 
would like; and whether he would 
like to get acquainted with other pa- 
tients. 
What things? The news, the life in 
a nursing home, his family, his joys 
and his sorrows. If his conversation 
becomes more repetitive and boring 
than his capacity warrants, he should 
be told so; other topics of conversa- 
tion can be suggested. With encourage- 
ment he can learn to listen as well 
as to talk, to weigh before he rejects, 
to think and learn, not to stay isolated. 
All of this activity creates expec- 
tation. A standard is set, and a value 
system is there to be lived up to. To 
successfully create such expectation, 
the staff must be conscious of their 
own values and biases. If biases are 
known and acknowledged they can 
be pushed to the background, and 
values and expectations that encour- 
age patients to be active must be 
stressed. 


Time is scarce 
The nurse who provides expecta- 
tion will be busy, but not with a dull, 
predictable routine. And perhaps she 
will have more time to spend on nurs- 
ing rather than on tasks that patients 
could learn to do themselves with pa- 
tience and encouragement. More im- 
portant, her efforts may result in hap- 
pier patients, who demand less time 
and attention. 0 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 47 



Facts about 
Nursing 
In Canada 


A study conducted by the National 
League for Nursing. on the cost of diplo- 
ma programs in the United States revea- 
led that the cost of preparing nurses in 
these programs varied significantly with 
the size of thc student enrollment in the 
school. 
In this study, schools were classified as 
small (having enrollments of 69 or less), 
medium (70-119), and large (120 or 
more). Costs of both educational and non- 
educational functions were investigated. 
Included in educational functions were 
"provisions for nursing students' instruc- 
tional program and counseling, separate 
libraries for nursing students, and the 
keeping of educational records." Non- 
educational functions included "provision 
for nursing students' housing, meals, 
laundry and recreation, and separate 
health services for nursing students." 
Among the conclusions drawn from the 
study was the fact that small schools - 
those with enrollments of 69 or less - 
were appreciably more expensive to oper- 
ate, in terms of cost per student, than 


Can we afford 
small schools? 


medium and large schools. Whereas the 
median costs per student per week in the 
latter two groups were $54.17 and 
$54.44, respectively, and thus differed by 
only 27 cents, the median cost in the 
small schools was $70.63 per student per 
week, representing an additional amount 
over the average cost of the medium and 
large schools of $16.32. 
What deductions can be made if the 
results of this cost study are hypothetical- 
ly applied to Canadian diploma schools? 
As can be seen in the pie graphs below, 
33 Canadian diploma schools (19% of 
the total) had enrollments in 1966 of 69 
or less, 63 (36%) had enrollments of 70- 
119, and 77 (45%) had enrollments of 
120 or more. A total of 1,693 students 
(7% of all diploma school students) were 
enrolled in the small schools, 5,686 
(24%) were enrolled in the medium-size 
schools, and 16,552 (69%) in the large 
schools. 
When the cost differential of $16.32 
per week is applied to each of the 1,693 
students enrolled in the small schools, the 


calculation reveals that the small schools 
bore a total incremental cost of $27,630 
per week because of their small enroll- 
ments. 
Averaging this cost of $27,630 among 
the 33 small schools shows that each 
school bore a cost of more than $837 per 
week, or $43,524 per year, which would 
have been unnecessary if the students en- 
rolled in these schools had been enrolled, 
instead, in medium or large schools. 
The magnitude of the expense of pre- 
paring nurses in small schools becomes 
even clearer when viewed as an annual 
cost incurred by 33 small schools for only 
7% of all student nurses - the amount 
is greater than $1,436,292! 
Is this a wise investment of our educa- 
tional dollars? 


· Harold R. Rowe, and Hessel H. Flit- 
ter, Study on Cost of Nursing Education 
- Part 1: Cost of Basic Diploma 
Courses, New York, National League for 
Nursing, 1964. 


Diploma Schools in Canada, by Size of Student Enrollment, 1966 


Number of Small. Medium 
and Large Schools 
(Total = 173) 



 
33 
19% 


Medium 
63 
36% 


Number of Students 
in Small. Medium and Large Schools 
(Total = 23.931) 


Small 
1.693 
7% 


Key to Schools 
by Size of Student 
Enrollment: 


D 


Small 
(69 or less) 


Medium 
5.686 
24% 


D 


Medium 
(70-119) 


Large 
(120 or more) 


Source: Resea rch 
Unit. Canadian 
Nurses' Association. 
1967 


48 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


DECEMBER 1967 



research abstracts 


Hendersen, 'ane.A study of the relaJion- 
ship between a nurse's knowledge of phys- 
iological principles and her performance 
of a specific technical procedure. Mon- 
treal, 1967. Research Project (M.Sc.(A)) 
McGill University. 


This study examines the relationship be- 
tween a nurse.s knowledge of physiological 
principles and her performance of a related 
technical procedure. 
The study, exploratory in type, was car- 
ried out in a general teaching hospital. One 
procedure, oxygen inhalation therapy, was 
selected as a focus. The procedure was di- 
vided into six steps. Each step was an ob- 
servable act that rested on a physiological 
principle. Criteria for measuring correct and 
incorrect performance and criteria for asses- 
sing correct and incorrect knowledge were 
established for each step. 
Forty subjects were selected from the reg- 
istered nurses employed by the hospital. 
Relevant data were collected by the tech- 
niques of interview and observation. The 
significance of the data was tested using 
the chi-square test. 
A significant association between know- 
ledge and performance was found. 


Kutschke, Myrtle A. The effect of the di- 
versional activity of painting-by-number 
on cardiac output. Boston, 1966. Thesis 
(M.S.) Boston University. 


The study was designed to find the effect 
of painting-by-number on cardiac output. A 
review of the literature showed that bed 
rest is ordered to minimize cardiac output, 
a parameter that varies directly with energy 
requirement. Both physical and mental rest 
are important, since the presence of anxiety 
increases cardiac output. Diversion is a 
human need that has an anxiety-reducing 
function. Criteria are needed to guide the 
nurse in providing forms of diversion, con- 
sistent with the medical plan of care. 
The IS subjects, who were students of 
nursing, painted-by-number on two differ- 
ent days. On one day, the arms were sup- 
ported; on the other, no support was given. 
Measurements of blood pressure and pulse 
rate were obtained after periods of initial 
rest, IS minutes of activity, 30 minutes of 
activity, and terminal rest. Starr's formula 
was used to estimate cardiac output. In 
addition, the pulse rate was considered as a 
separate parameter. 
The major conclusion was that painting- 
by-number is an acceptable form of diver- 
DECEMBER 1967 


sion for patients on bed rest. The activity 
caused a decrease in cardiac output, which 
was greater when arms were supported. 
Because the rest period did not seem to 
be enjoyed, an increase during that period 
may have caused an overall decrease during 
activity. 
The difference in the pulse rate between 
rest and activity were low positive values, 
which may have been more accurate indi- 
cators. In comparing the first and second 
day, the negative change in cardiac output 
was greater on the latter, indicating that 
experience affected the results. 
Recommendations included the use of 
a larger sample and more refined methods 
of measuring parameters to find if I. 
healthy adults increase their cardiac output 
during required rest; and 2. diversion causes 
less increase in cardiac output in individuals 
with high anxiety than low anxiety. It was 
also recommended that cardiac output be 
calculated for patients beginning new activi- 
ties. 


Gareau, Olivette.A study of the congruency 
among the expectations of the head nurse, 
the medical officer, and the staff nurses 
for the role of the head nurse and the re- 
lation of the congruency of these expec- 
tations to acceptance of the head nurse's 
role. Montreal, 1967. Research Project 
(M.Sc.(A)) McGill University. 


This study examined the relationships be- 
tween the congruency of expectations held 
by the head nurse, the medical officer, and 
the staff nurses for the role functions of 
the head nurse and for the extent to which 
they accept the head nurse. 
It was hypothesized that high congruency 
among the expectations held by the three 
groups would lead to high acceptance of the 
role of the head nurse. Two variables were 
tested for the purpose of the study: the in- 
dependent variable - congruency of role- 
expectations; and the dependent variable - 
acceptance of this role. 
Twenty-one health units in one province 
provided the setting for the study and the 
population included in the study consisted 
of medical officers, head nurses, and staff 
nurses working in these health units. 
A questionnaire was developed to collect 
relevant data for role expectations; 232 of 
these questionnaires were sent by mail and 
195 were returned. 
Four criterion variables were used to 
measure acceptance of the role of the head 
nurse: I. number of complaints related to 
the performance of the head nurse's role; 


2. number of conflicts caused by the per- 
formance of this role by the head nurse; 
3. prevailing tone in the health unit; 4. 
possibility of achievement by the head nurse. 
Eight regional medical officers rated the 
acceptance of the role of the head nurse. 
A one-way analysis of variance was the 
statistic used to analyze the data collected 
for role expectations. The F-test score was 
used to measure the degree of congruency 
among the expectations. The chi-square test 
was used to test the relationship between 
the two variables. The hypothesis was not 
supported. 


Dyche, Elsie Ruth (Yvans ,}A slUdy to ex- 
plore the effect of a planned, pre-opera- 
tive nursing visit, with postoperative rein- 
forcement, on tile amount of analgesic 
used postoperatively by cllolecystectomy 
patients. Seattle, 1966. Thesis (M.N.) Uni- 
versity of Washington. 


This experimental study was done to: 
1. explore the effect of a planned, preoper- 
ative nursing visit, with postoperative rein- 
forcement, on the amount of analgesic used 
postoperatively by cholecystectomy patients; 
2. note pre- and postoperative anxiety be- 
haviors to ascertain the possibility of a re- 
lationship between these and narcotic intake. 
Methods for data collection included: par- 
ticipant and non-participant observation, 
questionnaire, checklist, and interview. Six- 
teen female patients scheduled for cholecys- 
tectomies comprised the study population. 
Findings showed that experimental pa- 
tients used less narcotics, exhibited fewer 
anxiety behaviors, and verbalized positively 
about surgery oftener than control patients. 
Both groups received most narcotics in the 
evening for wound pain. Most of these were 
given at bedtime. The control group receiv- 
ed more narcotics for anxiety than the ex- 
perimental group. Nurses initiated more 
narcotic administrations to the experimental 
group, while control patients requested 
more narcotics. 
Physician and nurse expectations for nar- 
cotic intake were higher than cited by the 
literature. Most control patients were within 
or above these expectations; most experi- 
mental patients were below. 
Preoperative verbalizations indicated lack 
of and desire for information, presence of 
misconceptions and anxiety regarding surgery 
and appreciation for the visit. Postopera- 
tive verbalizations indicated that the visit had 
promoted earlier independence following sur 
gery and had provided reassurance. 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 49 



books 


A History of the International Council 
of Nurses 1899 - 1964. The First Sixly- 
Five Years, by Daisy Caroline Bridges. 
254 pages. Toronto and Philadelphia, 
J.B. Lippincott Company, 1967. 
Re},iewed by Miss Margaret E. Kerr, 
Vallcouver, B.c., former Editor of The 
Calladian Nurse. 


Daisy Caroline Bridges has succeeded in 
bringing alive an exceedingly interesting and 
exciting account of the interactions in hu- 
man relationships - of people beillg and 
doillg - that are the mark of the organiza- 
tion known to us all as the International 
Council of Nurses. Miss Bridges has done a 
great service to nursing throughout the 
world by producing this clear and compel- 
ling dramatic account of the evolution and 
growth of the Council. It was a gigantic 
task to condense 65 years of activity into 
227 pages, plus seven concise appendices, 
The prologue to this drama depicts a mar- 
ried nurse with a strong sense of profession- 
al responsibility, Mrs. Ethel Gordon Bed- 
ford Fenwick. She had become very inter- 
ested in the program for the advancement of 
women proposed in 1888 by an American 
organization. When the International Coun- 
cil of Women held its congress in London 
in 1899, Mrs. Bedford Fenwick was appoin- 
ted chairman of a "Professions Sectional 
Committee." This group's function was to 
organize special groups in a wide variety of 
professions and interests. What an opportun- 
ity for a woman who was a born organizer! 
Quite understandably, one of the proposed 
sections was "Nursing." From this promis- 
ing beginning evolved our mammoth Inter- 
national Association of over 800,000 mem- 
bers in more than 60 countries. 
Between its inception and the first Con- 
gress in 1904, a constitution was prepared. 
The objectives that were adopted are still ap- 
propriate: self-government by nurses in their 
associations; raising ever higher the stand- 
ard of education, professional ethics, and 
public usefulness of the members. The im- 
portance of communication among nurses of 
different nationalities was recognized. Fre- 
quent social intermingling at the Congresses 
and the development of the "interchange of 
nurses" programs are proof of the value of 
this aspect of the whole program. 
Miss Bridges chose to place her chapters 
in chronological order. Thus, it is easier to 
identify the international developments with 
counterparts in our national association. The 
early demand for recognition of well-qua- 
lified nurses through examination and reg- 
50 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


istration, although opposed by the pioneer 
leader in nursing. Florence Nightingale, 
made possible a standard for membership 
that is still effective. 
The history reflects clearly the stead- 
fastness and quality of the leaders in ICN. 
Two devastating world wars weakened but 
failed to destroy the organization. Since the 
Council's activity was restored to full 
throttle in 1947, the record of achievement 
has been outstanding. 
Many hundreds of Canadian nurses have 
panicip:Jted in the fCN Congresses. These 
people will enjoy re-living the grand open- 
ings, the varous addresses, the group discus- 
sions, and the social affairs. Nurses who 
have never attended a Congress will have a 
superb opportunity when the next Congress 
convenes in Montreal in 1969. They will 
understand more of the doings if they have 
done some preparatory homework by read- 
ing this book. This applies equally to those 
who are currently enrolled as student nurses. 
After all, we have all been members of the 
International Council of Nurses since 1909! 


Public Image of Mental Health Services 
by Jack Elinson, Elena Padilla, and Mar- 
vin Perkins. 304 pages. New York. Men- 
tal Health Center, 1967. 
Re}'icwcd by Dr. S. R. Laycock, formerly 
Dean of Educatioll alld member of the 
faculty of the School of Nursing, Uni1'Cr- 
sity of Saskatchewan. 


The public opinion survey reported in 
this book was a joint project of the Colum- 
bia University School of Public Health and 
Administrative Medicine and the New York 
City Community Health Board. It was car- 
ried out in 1963 in the five boroughs of 
New York City, using 100 selected inter- 
viewers, and covering over 2500 adults 
chosen by probability sampling techniques. 
Part one of this book deals with the 
public's experience with aid for the men- 
tally ill, the public image of mental health 
facilities, the public's vIews of the newer 
kinds of treatment and rehabilitation ser- 
vices, and the nature of popular concepts 
of mental illness. Pan two consists of the 
population, socioeconomic and educational 
characteristics of New York City adults, 
appraisals of their own health habits and 
health-related habits (smoking, drinking, 
self-medication), political and religious af- 
filiations, community participation, and per- 
sonal social values. 
The repon indicates thdt although many 
traditional attitudes exist toward mental 


health, the public to a large degree has ac- 
cepted the modern point of view of the 
nature of mental illness and its treatment. 
Examples of the findings listed in the 
report are revealing: 69 percent of those 
interviewed believe that mental illness is an 
illness like any other; 77 percent think that, 
unlike physical illness which makes people 
sympathetic, mental illness repels. though 
only 16 percent admit being repelled by 
mentally-ill persons themselves. 
Public health administrators and research 
personnel will be interested in the book 
as a whole. Nurses - public health nurses 
in particular - and intelligent laymen are 
directed to the first 47 pages. These pages, 
summarizing many of the survey's findings, 
might well form the basis of a popular 
booklet. Such a publication would have an 
appeal to a wide audience whose members 
might be led to reassess their own attitudes 
toward mental illness and mental health 
services. 


Basic Human Anatomy and Physiology 
by Charlotte M. Dienhart, Ph.D. 247 
pages. A W.B. Saunders publication, 
available in Canada from McAinsh Co. 
Ltd., Toronto and Vancouver. 
Reviewed by Miss Shirley Orr, Sellior 111- 
structor, The Wellesley Hospital, Toronto, 
Onto 


This book has been written primarily for 
two groups of students. First, to perform 
their duties intelligently, paramedical per- 
sonnel need a clear understanding of the 
principles of the human body. Second, ele- 
mentary and secondary teachers need a 
funddmental background in human biology. 
Anyone who needs a brief review of the 
material can use this book for a quick re- 
ference. Presentation is simple, readable, 
concise, and systematic. The terminology is 
well-defined. The illustrations are effective 
and clarify the written material. Summaries 
and review questions appear at the end of 
each chapter. 
The text describes anatomical features ad- 
equately; however, it lacks physiological ex- 
planation. The nursing student must study 
physiology as a basis and background to 
determine appropriate nursing care. 
Details of how physiological processes oc- 
cur are not included, yet the effects of the 
processes mentioned are touched upon. A 
brief description of the chemical changes in 
a muscle during contraction is wonhy of 
mention. 
The chdPters on the nervous, digestive, 
DECEMBER 1967 



and respiratory systems contain the best ma- 
terial in the text. These chapters would be 
helpful to the beginning nursing student. 
Unfortunately the short discussion on 
water balance is elementary, whereas the ap- 
proach in the chapter on endocrinology is 
clinical, with stress upon hyper- and hypo- 
glandular function. Features of disease en- 
tities, rather than the normal function of 
hormones, are emphasized. 
The glossary is adequate for the text and 
the index is complete. Specific suggested re- 
ferences to serve as resource material are 
needed. 
This text is a potential aid for those with 
limited understanding of human structure 
and function. 


13th ed., by C.E. Turner, A.M., Ed.M., 
D.Sc. 448 pages. Saint Louis, Mosby, 
1967. 
Reviewed by Sister Immaculata, Director 
of Nursing, St. Joseph's General Hospital, 
Estevan, Sask. 


This book has been presented in a man- 
ner easily understood by a lay person. It is 
fairly well presented and would be of bene- 
fit to nurses' assistants, nurses' aides, and 
orderlies. However, there is not enough 
depth for graduate or student nurses. 
The organization of the book is effective. 
The individual is studied first; the effects of 
society on him are examined; and the suc- 
cessive stages of adulthood, marriage, and 
family rearing are traced. 
The study of reproduction and heredity 
is easy to understand. However, more depth 
in the study of mental disorders caused by 
heredity would be desirable for a student or 
registered nurse. 
The examination of diet therapy is good. 
The human anatomy color plates effectively 
portray the exact position of various organs 
in the body. 
More examples of body mechanics would 
be helpful. as nursing is centered around 
the lifting, turning, and positioning of the 
patient. 


edited by Vin- 
cent Edmunds, M.D., M.R.C.P., and C. 
Gordon Scorer, M.D., F.R.C.S. 200 pages. 
Edinburgh and London, E. & S. Living- 
stone Ltd., 1967. 
Reviewed by Miss Ruth E. May, Lecturer, 
School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, 
Halifax, N.S. 


In this era of intense preoccupation with 
technological advance, it is heartening to 
encounter this little book. Designed to pre- 
sent the findings of a medical discussion 
group, it scrutinizes many of the ethical 
problems confronting today's medical prac- 
titioner. Using the basic tenets of the Chris- 
tian faith as the frame of reference, the re- 
levance of historic Christian attitudes to 
(Continued on page 52) 


DECEMBER 1967 


Knowfla nurse who isn't on our list? 

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fir 
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Put her on 
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A handsome gift card, handsigned with your nam., will be sent announcing your gift. 
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 51 



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52 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


books 


(Continued from page 51) 


present-day medical practice is reaffirmed. 
New knowledge has given today's doctor 
control over many medical phenomena 
formerly outside his sphere of influence. Be- 
cause present-day team medicine has great- 
ly affected the traditional patient-doctor 
relationship, the authors believe that there is 
an urgent need to re-examine the position 
of the Christian within the medical profes- 
sion. Although the viewpoints expressed re- 
flect the British medical-social picture, the 
discussion is pertinent for Canadians as 
well. 
The book contains 12 chapters written by 
separate authors. Several consider basic phi- 
losophic issues, such as the nature of re- 
sponsibility and the nature of man himself. 
The "no-man's land" that lies between med- 
icine, law, and the church is explored and 
the problems considered are related to the 
practice of medicine. 
Problems concerning the preservation of 
life are discussed. Abortion, the mainten- 
ance of physical existence in the presence 
of incurable disease, and contraception from 
both a personal and a nation-wide point of 
view are considered. Three chapters deal 
with the concept of responsibility in pre- 
ventive medicine, psychiatric treatment, and 
clinical research. There is a discussion of the 
nature of social aberration (sin, crime, and 
disease) and further elaboration on two of 
these aberrations, alcoholism and drug ad- 
diction. 
Further reference material is included at 
the end of each chapter, and specific Chris- 
tian concepts are supported by Biblical re- 
ferences. An adequate index is provided. The 
overall tone of the book is warm and com- 
passionate, and the style is eminently read- 
able throughout. 
At the end of most sections is a recapitu- 
lation of the foregoing discussion and an 
attempt to offer a constructive approach 
which, the authors believe, would be con- 
sistent with their Christian beliefs. 
I recommend this book to those who are 
concerned with a thoughtful approach to 
medical ethics in our day. 


Medical-Surgical Nursing, 4th ed., by 
Kathleen Newton Shafer, Janet R. Saw- 
yer, Audrey M. McCluskey, and Edna 
Lifgren Beck. 1009 pages. St. Louis, Mos- 
by, 1967. 
Reviewed by Miss Helen Nightingale, Su- 
pervisor, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 
Toronto. Onto 
This ambitious book touches on a large 
number of nursing situations and incorpor- 
ates the patient's physical, sociological, psy- 
chological, and medical background. Nurs- 
ing of persons of all ages is discussed and 


Next Month 
in 


The 
Canadian 
Nurse 


. measles protection for 11 047 


. prenatal classes for unwed 
mothers 


. infection control nurse 


ð 

 


Photo credits for 
December 


Graetz Bros. Ltd., Montreal, p. 9 
Dominion-Wide, Ottawa, 
pp. 18, 19, 31 
Manotick Photo Service, 
Manotick, Ont., p. 45 
Roy Nicholls, WiIIowdale, Ont., 
pp. 38, 39, 40 
Ashley & Crippen, Toronto, p. 37 
Graham Bezant, Toronto, p. 9 
C. Marcil, Ottawa, p. 19 


DECEMBER 1967 



books 


is extended to the resources of the home 
and community that aid in the health of the 
patient. This assumes some sophistication 
on the part of the student nurse in the so- 
cial and physical sciences. To help the stu- 
dent attain knowledge and understanding of 
all aspects of the patient's life, a broad 
"Patient Information Guide for the Nurse" 
is included. Where more detailed informa- 
tion is required, long bibliographies are 
provided at the end of each chapter. 
The general nursing care of patients with 
many different conditions is discussed. Fa- 
cets of the individual's life, as well as his 
pathology, are included. Nursing care in 
specific medical and surgical conditions, 
again including the patient's psycho-social 
background, also are discussed at length. 
The health teaching responsibility is re- 
iterated. However, methods of teaching pa- 
tients are not discussed in enough detail; 
student nurses need to know how to teach 
as well as what to teach. Prevention is 
stressed, but not expanded enough to in- 
clude, for example, the numerous hazards in 
hospitals that are increasing injuries to pa- 
tients, personnel, and visitors. The chapter 
on continuing care touches too superficially 
on the increasing numbers of long-term pa- 
tients in our society; more discussion would 
have been appropriate in this area, especial- 
ly regarding posture, positioning, and body 
mechanics. Increased involvement of nurses 
in litigation suggests that more information 
on the legal aspects of nursing must be 
given to the nurse than is presented in this 
book. 
Although the text has an American orient- 
ation, it has implications for Canadian 
nursing; there may be statistical differences, 
but the nursing problems are similar. In 
general, this is an excellent text for the 
more senior student nurse, and provides a 
quick, up-to-date reference for the graduate. 
On the whole, the authors have achieved 
their purpose in presenting complete nursing 
care of the patient as an individual. 


Paraplegic and Quadriplegic Individu- 
als (Handbook of Care for Nurses) 
by Judith R. Krenzel, R.N. and Lois M. 
Rohrer, R.N. 60 pages. Chicago, The Na- 
tional Paraplegia Foundation, 1966. 
Reviewed by Miss M.M. MacDoTUlld 
R.N., Director of Nursing, Lyndhursi 
Lodge Hospital, Toronto, Onto 
Various methods for healing pressure 
areas are described in this handbook. The 
prevention of decubiti by the education of 
the patient and by a daily examination of 
the patient's skin is stressed. 
A high-low electric bed is described in 
the handbook. Such a bed may be desirable, 
but it is not essential and the cost is prohi- 
bitive for many. Similarly, a transfer board 
DECEMBER 1967 


is unnecessary for paraplegics and most 
quadriplegics; it is necessary, however, for 
some poliomyelitics who are extensively par- 
alyzed in the trunk and all four limbs. 
There is no real evidence to support the 
statement in the chapter on diet that milk 
products predispose to stone formation. 


Textbook of Anatomy and Physiology 
7th ed., by Catherine Parker Anthony, 
R.N., B.A., M.S. 585 pages. Saint Louis, 
Mosby, 1967. 
Reviewed by Miss Leta Sanders, Assistant 
Professor, school of nursing, University 
of Windsor, Windsor, Onto 
The purpose of this text is to help both 
teachers and student nurses understand basic 
facts and principles underlying the function- 
ing of the human body. Many details and 
digressions of older books are omitted. 
New findings about cells. neuro-endocrine 
transducers and the function of the pineal 
and thymus glands are included. The central 
nervous system, difficult for teachers and 
students to understand. has been simplified 
and clarified. 
The introduction and conclusion to each 
chapter define and summarize the content in 
conci'>e terms. The book begins with a des- 
cription of the integration of the body as a 
structured unit. It then describes the func- 
tions of the different systems and how they 
interrelate. 
Foot-notes give sources of material. Many 
of these sources are from current writings, 


for example, The Scientific American, and 
are by experts in their fields. 
Illustrations, many íil color. help to cla- 
rify the content. Transparencies placed in 
strategic places illustrate depth of the or- 
gans and systems of the human body. 
This book gives a comprehensive treat- 
ment of anatomy and physiology for the use 
of both teacher and student. 


films 


Pediatric Films 
Six pediatric films, together forming a 
series called "Pediatric Basics" are now 
available on loan to nursing groups. 
The six films were produced by Frederick 
J. Margolis, M.D., director, Audio-Visual 
Department, Wayne State University, Col- 
lege of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan. Each 
film runs approximately 18 to 20 minutes. 
All are in color with synchronized dialogue. 
The series presents some fine medical in- 
formation documented by eminent pedia- 
tricians. The titles are: 
The Technique of an Effective Examin- 
ation 
The Spinal fluid Examination 
Central Nervous System Taps 
PKU 
Apgar On Apgar 
The Urine Examination 
(Continued on page 55) 


educational working package 


\ 

 


POST. OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT KIT 


A must for all nurses and student nurses, the new POM Kit has 
become the most successful "in-service" teaching aid for Ileostomy 
and Ileal-Bladder education. Included in this working package are 
all the necessary products needed for proper post-operative man- 
agement of the .patient - 3 Bongort Expendable Drainage Bags 
plus 5 sample sized accessory products. The POM Kit is yours for 
$1.00. Request 779 CN. 


.-.
 T.Jiv 1T1ÆQ 0 
T,-:!
GICAL 


PORT Ct-tESTER . NEW VORK 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 53 



special products 
for patient care 


A.R.D.@ 
Unique butterfly-shaped anorectal 
dressing stays comfortably in 
place without tape. Sterile, highly 
absorbent, lint tree. Supplied 
in boxes of 24. 


'" 


p 
Jf) 


. 


.... 

- , 
SCOPETTES@ FULLER<i9 SHIELD 
Proctologic and gynecologic Protective dressing holds other 
swabs with lips of pure. long fiber dressings in place and prevents 
rayon. Free of troublesome lint 
and wisps. Uniform cushion-end staining of linens after pilonidal, 
safeguards tissues. Tips secured proctologic or perineal surgery. 
with non-toxic vegetable glue. Adjustable sIzes 24-48. 
8" and 16" lengths. Cases of 500. IndivIdually packaged. 
vJ WI 
w
-;.:;:'
 0 RRI S g]; 


MONTREAL 


2795 BA TFS ROAD 


CANAOA 


'
,T,.dllm.rk. 01 Fuller Ph.rm8ceullc81 Compen" 


MOVING? 


MARRIED? 


n 

 


All correspondence to THE CANADIAN NURSE 
should be accompanied by our most recent 
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provincial association 


permanenf reg. no. 


provincial associafion 


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Transferring registration from one provincial 
nurses' association to another? 


FROM: 


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pravincial ass'n. permanent reg. no. 


OTHER ADJUSTMENT REQUESTED: 


54 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


++++++++++ 
++++++++++ 
++
.+++++++ 
++-f'
++++++ 
++++++++++ 
++++++++++ 
++++++++++ 
+++++ 


Turns 
consume 
93 times their 
own weight 
in excess 
stomach 
acid! 


laborafory fesfs show Turns neu- 
tralize 93 fimes their own weighf 
in excess sfomach acids, and that 
fhey mainfain a balanced level for 
long periods, too. Turns go fo work 
in seconds on gas, heartburn and 
indigesfion. And fhey faste pleas- 
antly minty, need no wafer and 
cost so very I illie. Those are fhe 
facts. So nexf time your fummy 
gives you a turn, give Turns a try. 
They're worth fheir weighf in goldl 


think how fast they' II work 
on your tummy upsets! 


4lU

.
 


WISH AN ADJUSTMENT? 


---------------1 
I I ATTACH CURRENT LABEL or IMPRINT HERE I 
to be assured of I 
I accurate, fast service I 
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PRINT NEW NAME and or ADDRESS BELOW 
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PLEASE ALLOW SIX WEEKS FOR PROCESSING 
YOUR CHANGE 
The Canadian Nurse cannot guarantee back copies 
unless change or interruption in delivery is reported 
within six weeks! 


ADDRESS ALL INQUIRIES TO: 
The Canadian Nurse, Circulation Dept. 
50 The Driveway 
Ottawa 4, Canada 


DECEMBER 1967 



films 


(Cominued from page 53) 
The production of these basic films in 
pediatrics was arranged by Gerber Products, 
and the baby food company is also distri- 
buting them to any pediatric program in 
education, at no charge to the institution - 
a contribution to both undergraduate and 
postgraduate pediatric education. 
Films are obtained by writing directly to 
Gerber Baby Foods. 4174 Dundas St. West, 
Toronto 18, providing program information. 
date, name of institution and address. One 
month should be allowed for scheduling. 


accession list 


Publications in this list of material 
received recently in the CNA library are 
shown in language of source. The majority 
(reference material and theses. indicated by 
R excepted) may be borrowed by CNA 
members, and by libraries of hospitals and 
schools of nursing and other institutions. 
Requests for loans should be made on the 
"Request Form for Accession List" (page 
56) and should be addressed to: The 
Library, Canadian Nurses' Association. 50 
The Driveway, Ottawa 4. Ontario. 


BOOKS AND DOCUMENTS 
I. Bibliography and book productioll by 
Ray Astbury. Oxford, Pergamon, 1967. 
260p. 
2. Challenges to collective bargainillg. 
Edited by Lloyd Ulman. Englewood Cliffs, 
Prentice-Hall for American Assembly, 
Columbia University, 1967. 180p. 
3. Com billing public health nursillg 
agellcies; a case study ill PhiladelplJia by 
Leon V. Hirsch, Martin S. Klein, and 
Gertrude Woodruff Marlowe. New York, 
National League for Nursing, ct967. 256p. 
4. Determillillg forces ill collectÏl'e wage 
bargaillillg by Harold M. Levinson. New 
York, Wiley, ct966. 283p. 
5. Doctors' strike; medical care alld 
conflict in Saskatchewall by Robin F. 
Badgley, and Samuel Wolff. Toronto, Mac- 
millan, 1967. 201p. 
6. Draft report of quamitatÏl'e alld quali- 
tative surl'ey of nursillg resources, 1966, 
Trinidad and Tobago by May O'Keiffe and 
Violet Lines. Port-of-Spain, 1966. 62p. 
7. Dyillg by John Hinton. Harmonds- 
worth, Middx., Penguin Books, 1967. 208p. 
8. Explorillg Callada from sea to sea. 
Washington, National Geographical Society, 
1967. 208p. 
9. Facts about lIursillg; a statistical sum- 
mary, 1967 editioll. New York, American 
Nurses' Association, 1967. 255p. R. 
10. How to organize all effective team 


DECEMBER 1967 


teaching program by Harold S. Davis. 
Englewood Cliffs. Prentice-Hall. c 1966. 64p. 
II. All illl'estigation of geriatric lIursing 
problems ill hospital by Doreen Norton, 
A. N. Exton-Smith, and Rhoda McLaren. 
London. National Corporation for the Care 
of Old People. c1962. 238p. 
12. Labour and automatioll. Bulletin no. 
1-4. Geneva, International Labour Organis- 
ation, 1964-1967. 4v. 
13. Medical care inwrance and medical 
manpower. Conference manuscripts, Mont- 
real. June 19-23, 1967. Toronto. Canadian 
Medical Association. 1967. 268p. 
14. Metric cOllI'ersion J..it for hospitals. 
Toronto. Ontario Hospital Association. 
1967. 47p. 
15. Nurse performance description: cri- 
teria, predictors, and correlates by Elaine 
Dedrickson Dyer. Salt Lake City, University 
of Utah Press, 1967. 132p. 
16. Obsermtions on students and educa- 
tional methodology. Report of the 1966 
Regional Workshops of the Council of 
Member Agencies. New York. National 
League for Nursing. Dept. of Diploma 
Programs, 1967. 47p. 
17. Organizatioll by Ernest Dale. New 
York. American Management Association. 
c1967. 368p. 
18. Passing on by David Sudnow. Engle- 
wood Cliffs. Prentice-Hall. 1967. 212p. 
19. Principles of obstetrics and gyllecol- 
ogy for lIurses by Josephine Iorio. Saint 
Louis, Mosby, 1967. 342p. 
20. Public relations hal/dbook by Philip 
Lesly. 3d ed. Englewood Cliffs, Prentice- 
Hall, ct967. 940p. R. 
21. A regiollal college for V ClI1COUI'er 
Island by Leonard Marsh. Vancouver, 
University of British Columbia, 1966. 181p. 
22. The retrieml of Calladian graduate 
studems from abroad by Edward F. 
Sheffield, and Mary Margot McGrail. 
Ottawa, Association of Universities and 
Colleges, 1966. 82p. 
23. Roberts' dictiollary of industrial rela- 
tiolls by Harold S. Roberts. Washington. 
Bureau of National Affairs, 1966. 486p. R. 
24. The sick persoll lIeeds... Report of 
the third national conference for profes- 
sional nurses and physicians, Coronado, 
Calif., Feb. 23-25, 1967. Chicago, American 
Medical Association. New York, American 
Nurses' Association. 1967. 57p. 
25. Statistics for lIurses - the evaluatioll 
of quamitative illformation by Jeanne S. 
Phillips, and Richard F. Thompson. New 
York, MacMillan. ct967. 550p. R. 
26. Style book alld editorial manual by 
John H. Talbot. Chicago. American Medical 
Association. c1966. 122p. 
27. The utilizatioll of associate degree 
lIursing graduates ill gelleral hospitals by 
Betty L. Forest. (Thesi
 - Columbia) New 
York, National League for Nursing, 1967. 
(League exchange no. 82). 71p. 
28. The white cross in Callada by G. W. 
L. Nicholson. Montreal. Harvest House, 
1967. 206p. 


29. Words 011 paper; a mallual of prose 
style for professiollal writers, reporters, 
authors, editors, publishers by Roy H. 
Copperud. New York. Hawthorn Books, 
c1960. 286p. 


PAMPHLETS 
30. Advice to authors guide to pn'para- 
tioll of malluscripts by M. Theresa South- 
gate. Chicago, American Medical Associa- 
tion. ct 964. 25p. 
3 I. Brief summary of lIursing ill PaJ..istall 
by Mumtaz Painda Khan. Lahore. 1966. 4p. 
32. Dealillg with comrOL'ersy. Edited by 
Frances A. Koestler. New York. National 
Public Relations Council of Health and 
Welfare Services. 1963. 38p. 
33. Functions and qualification.ç for 
school lIurses. New York. American Nurses' 
Association, c 1966. 31 p. 
34. A guide for establishillg alld im- 
prOL'illg educatiollal programs; criteria alld 
procedures for accreditation. New York, 
National Association for Practical Nurse 
Education and Service, c 1967. 23 p. 
35. Husballd, father, humanitariall, spe- 
cialist, nurse. New York, National League 
for Nursing, 1967. 
36. A list of the published writings of 
Isabel Maitlalld Stewart by Anne L. Austin. 
New York. Nursing Education Alumnae As- 
sociation, Teachers' College, Columbia Uni- 
versity. 1967. lOp. 
37. Measuremem of lIursing care. Head- 
ington. Oxford. Oxford Regional Hospital 
Board, Operational Research Unit. 1967. 
26p. 
38. New dimellsiolls for old respollsi- 
bilities by Dorothy Wilson. New York, 
National League for Nursing, 1967. 16p. 
39. Prillciples alld policies. Ottawa, Can- 
adian Labour Congress, n.d. 20p. 
40. Regulations of the Indiall Nursing 
Coullcil. New Delhi. Indian Nursing Coun- 
cil, n.d. 17p. 
41. Reactiolls to the 'Iatem lobby' by 
G. Scott Hutchison. Reprint. Boston, Har- 
vard Bus. Rev.. 1967. 166-173p. 
42. Stat em em 011 psychiatric nursing prac- 
tice. New York. American Nurses' Associa- 
tion, Division of Psychiatric-Mental Nursing, 
1967. 41p. 
43. To tell the truth by Nesta Roberts. 
London, National Association for Mental 
Health. ct966. 33p. 


GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS 
Canada 
44. Dominion Bureau of Statistics. An- 
II/wl supplement to the Canadian statistical 
rel'ue 1966. Ottawa, Queen's Printer. 1967. 
Catalogue no. 11-206. 
45. -. Hospital statistics. v.I. Hos- 
pital beds 1965. Ottawa. Queen's Printer, 
1967. lOOp. Catalogue no. 83-210. 
Alberta 
46. Dept. of Public Health. Medical Ser- 
vices Division. Health careers. Edmonton. 
1967. Iv. 


(Continued on page 56) 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 55 



accession list 


(Continued from page '55) 


British Columbia 
47. Hospital Insurance Service. Consulta- 
tion and Research Division. Report of 
functional nursing activity study at Surrey 
Memorial Hospital, Surrey, B.C., utilizing 
the consulting senices of Health Insurance, 
Dept. of National Health and Welfare. 
Victona, 1964. 38p. 
Omario 
48. Hospital Services Commission. A n- 
nual report, 1966 statistical supplement. 
Toronto, 1967. 141p. 
Ghana 
49. Ministry of Health. The health ser- 
vices in Ghana. Accra, 1967. 47p. 
Great Britain 
50. Central Office of Information. Ref- 
erence Division. Labour relations and 
conditions of work in Britain. Prepared for 
British Information Services, India. London, 
1967. 40p. 
51. Ministry of Health. Men in profes- 
sional nursing; a career with status and 
prospects. London, Her Majesty's Stat. -Off., 
1966. 12p. 
Iran 
52. Ministry of Health. Nursing Division. 


Nurslllg education in Iran past and present. 
Tehran. 1966. 18p. 
53. -. Nursing in a period of tran- 
sition in Iran. Tehran, 1966. 6p. 
Japan 
54. Laws, statutes, etc. Public-health 
nurse, midwife and nurse law. Tokyo, 1954. 
22p. 
55. Ministry of Health and Welfare. A 
brief report on public health administration 
in Japan, 1966. Tokyo, 1966. 64p. 
56. -. General informa/ion about 
nursing in Japan. Tokyo, 1963. 32p. 
57. -. RegulatiollS for authoriza- 
tion of School and training school of pub- 
lic health nurse, midwife and nurse. Tokyo, 
Ministries of Education and Health and 
Welfare, 1964. 30p. 
United States 
58. Federal Advisory Council on Medical 
Training Aids. Film reference guide for 
medicine and allied sciences. Atlanta, Ga., 
U.S. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel- 
fare, Public Health Service, 1967. 379p. 
59. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel- 
fare. Public Health Service. Lecture prep- 
aration guide; an illStructive communica- 
tion. U.S. Gov't. Print. Off., 1966. 6Op. 
60. -. List of journals indexed in 
Index Medicus, National Library of Me- 
dicine, January 1966. Washington, U.S. 
Gov't. Print. Off., 1966. 
61. Division of Nursing. Nurses in public 
health number, educational preparation, and 


other characteristics of nurses employed for 
public health work in the United States, 
Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands and Guam, 
January 1966. Washington, U.S. Gov't. Print. 
Off., 1967. 54p. 
62. -. Nursing care of the aged; 
an notated bibliography for nurses. Wash- 
ington, U.S. Gov't. Print. Off., 1967. 13lp. 
63. -. Publications of the Division 
of Hospital and Medical Facilities. Wash- 
ington, 1966. 18p. 
64. National Advisory Health Council. 
Allied Health Professions Education Sub- 
committee. Education for the allied health 
professions and services. Washington, U.S. 
Gov't. Print. Off., 1967. 61p. 


STUDIES DEPOSITED IN CN'" 
REPOSITORY COLLECTION 
65. La compréhension du concept du 
soin total et continu du malade chez les 
étudiants-infirmières et chez les institutrices- 
cliniques par Yolande Mousseau. Ottawa, 
1965. 235p. Thesis - Ottawa. R. 
66. Occupational health nursing in On- 
tario; a report on results from a question- 
naire by M. I. Hardy. Toronto, Ontario 
Dept. of Health, Environmental Health 
Branch, 1967. 88p. R. 
67. The Parent comnllSSlOn report; 
stimulus for nursing education in the pro- 
vince of Quebec by Georgette Desjean. 
Detroit, Mich., 1967. 57p. Thesis (M.Sc.N.) 
- Wayne State. R. 0 


Request Form for uAccession List" 
CANADIAN NURSES' ASSOCIATION LIBRARY 


Send this coupon or facsimile to: 
LIBRARIAN, Canadian Nurses' Association, 50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario. 
Please lend me the following publications, listed in the .............................................................. issue of The 
Canadian Nurse, or add my name to the waiting list to receive them when available: 


Item 
No. 


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Requests for loans will be filled in order of receipt. 
Reference and restricted material must be used in the CNA library. 
Borrowe r .. ...................................... ...................................... .............................. R egi strati on No. .................. ....... ....... 
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56 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


DECEMBER 1967 



classified advertisements 


ALBERTA 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING required for new 34-bed 
General Hospital opening this fall. A challenging 
position in a thriving community. Twice dailv bus 
service to maior centers. Living accommodations 
available in new residence. Standard employment 
benefits. Salary commensurate with ql.'alifications 
and experience. Please forward application with full 
particulars and salary expected to: Administrator. 
Slave Lake General Hospital, P.O. Box 330, Slave 
Lake, Alberta. 
Obstetrical Head Nurse and General Duty Graduates 
for an active accredited. 70-bed hospital, 60 miles 
east of Edmonton. Salary according to recommenda- 
tion from association and past experience. Apply to: 
Director of Nursing Service, St. Joseph.s General 
Hospital, Vegreville, Alberta. 
Regist.red Nunes required for a 51-bed active 
treatment hospital, situated in east central Alberta. 
Salary range from $400 to $460 commensurate with 
experience. Full maintenance in new nurses. resid- 
ence for $40 per month. sick leave and pension 
benefits available, 4O-hour work week, 21 days plus 
statutory holidays after the first year, and 28 days 
plus statutory holidays after five years. For further 
information kindly contact: W.N. Saranchuk, Admin- 
istrator. Elk Point. Municipal Hospital. Elk Point. 
Alberta. 1.34-1 


Bassano General Hospital requires Nunes for General 
Duty. Active treatment 30-bed hospital in the ranching 
area of southern Alberta. Town on Number 1 trans- 
Canada Highway mid-way between the cities of 
Calgary and Medicine Hat. Nurses on staff must be 
will ing and able to take responsibility in all depart- 
ments of nursing, with the exception of the Operating 
Room. Single rooms available in comfortable residen- 
ce on hospital grounds at a nominal rate. Apply to: 
Mrs. M. Hislop. Administrator and Director of Nurs- 
ing, Bassano General Hospital. Bassano. Alberta. 


ADVERTISING 
RATES 


FOR All 
ClASSIFIED ADVERTISING 


$10.00 for 6 lines or less 
$2.00 for each additional line 


Rates for display 
advertisements on request 


Closing date for copy and cancellation is 
6 weeks prior to 1st day of pUblication 
month. 
The Canadian Nurses' Association has 
not yet reviEwed the personnel policies 
of the hospitals and agencies advertising 
In the Journal. For authentic information, 
prospective applicants should apply to 
the Registered Nurses' Association of the 
Province in which they are interested 
in working. 


Address correspondence to: 


The 
Canadian 
Nurse 


ð 

 


50 THE DRIVEWAY 
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO. 


DECEMBER 1967 


I I 


ALBERTA 


Registered Nune required for 34-bed general hos- 
pital. Solary range $380. to $450. Recognition for 
past experience. Liberal fringe benefits. Accommo- 
dation in residence. Apply to: Director of Nur5ing. 
Tofield Municipal Hospital, Tofield, Alberta. 
Registered Nurses for General Duty in a 32-bed 
hospital. Board and Room $40.00 per month. Salary 
range $390.00 to $475.00. For further information 
contact: The Director of Nursing, St. Theresa Hos- 
pital. Ft. Vermilion. Alberta. 
General Duty Nurses for active. accredited. well- 
equipped 64-bed hospital in growing town. population 
3,500. Salaries range from $380-$440 commensurate 
with experience. other benefits. Nurses residence. 
Excellent personnel policies and working conditions. 
New modern wing opened this year. Good commu- 
nications. to large nearby cities. Apply Director of 
Nursing, Brooks General Hospital, Brooks, Alberta. 
GENERAL DUTY NURSES - Salary range - $4,320 
to $5,460 per annum, 40 hour week. Modern I iving- 
in facilities available at moderate rates. if desired. 
Civil Service holiday, sick leave and pension bene- 
fits. Starting salary commensurate with training 
and experience. Apply to: Superintendent of Nurses, 
Baker Memorial Sanatorium. Box 72, Calgary. 
Alberta. 1-14-3 A 
General Duty Nurse for small modern hospital on 
Highway 
 12. East Central Alberta. Salary 
range from $405 - $475. Residence available. Per- 
sonnel policies as per AARN and A.H.A. Apply: 
Director of Nursing, Coronation Municipal Hospital, 
Coronation, Alberta_ 
GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 94-bed General Hos- 
pital located in Alberta's unique Badlands. $380. 
$440 per month, approved AARN and AHA per- 
sonnel policies. Apply to: Miss M. Hawkes, Director 
of Nursing, Drumheller General Hospital, Drumhel- 
ler, Alberta. 1-31-2A 
General Duty Nurses for 64-bed active treatment 
hospital, 35 miles south of Calgary. Salary range 
$380 - $4SO. Living accommodation available in sep- 
arate residence if desired. Full maintenance in 
residence $45.00 per month. Excellent Personnel 
Policies and working conditions. Please apply to: 
The Director of Nursing. High River General Hos- 
pital, High River, Alberta. 1-46-IA 
General Duty Nunes required by ISO-bed general 
hospital presently expanding to 230 beds_ Salary 
1967, $380 to $450; 1968 - $405 to $485. Experi- 
ence recognized. Residence available. For particulars 
contact Director of Nursing Service. Red Deer 
General Hospital, Red Deer, Alberta. 
General Duty Nursing positions are available in a 
100-bed convalescent rehabilitation unit forming 
part of a 330-bed hospital complex. Residence 
available. Salary 1967 - $380 to $450. per mo. 
1968 - $405 to $485. Experience recognized. For 
full particulars contact Director of Nursing Service. 
Auxiliary Hospital, Red Deer, Alberta. 


BRITISH COLUMBIA 


ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL, VICTORIA, B.C.: Invites 
B_C. Registered Nurses (or those eligible) to apply 
for these positions: SUPERVISOR for a 42-bed Psychia- 
tric Unit. HEAD NURSE for modern Post-Operative 
Recovery Room. GENERAL STAFF for Psychiatric Unit. 
Apply indicating preparation and experience to: 
Director of Nursing. Victoria. British Columbia. 
Nursing Supervisor ($483-$571)_ General Duty Nunes 
(B.C. Registered $405 - $481, non-Registered $390) for 
fully accredited 113-bed hospital in N.W. B.C. Excel- 
lent fishing. skiing. skating. curling and bowling. 
Hot springs swimming nearby. Nurses. residence, 
room $20 per month. Cafeteria meals. Apply: Direc- 
tor of Nursing. Kitimat General Hospital, Kitimat. 
British Columbia. 
B.C. R.N. for General Duty in 32 bed General Hospi- 
tal. RNABC 1967 salary rate $390 - $466 and fringe 
benefits. modern, comfortable. nurses' residence in 
attractive community close to Vancouver. B.C. For 
application form write: Director of Nursing. Fraser 
Canyon Hospital, R.R. I, Hope, B.C. 2-30-1 
Graduate Nurses for busy 21-bed hospital, prefer- 
ably with obstetrical experience. Friendly at- 
mosphere, beautiful beaches, local curling club. 
Own room and board $40 month. Salary $390 for 
Gen. Duty Registered Nurses; Salary $375 for non- 
Registered Nurse. plus recognition for post graduate 
experience. Apply: Matron. T ofino General Hos- 
pital, Tofino, Vancouver Island. British Columbia. 


II 


BRITISH COLUMBIA 


General Duty Nurs.. for active 30-bed hospital. 
RNABC policies and schedules in effect, also North- 
ern allowance. Accommodations available in res- 
idence. Apply: Director of Nursing. General Hospital. 
Fort Nelson, British Columbia_ 2-23- 1 
General Duty Nurses for new 30-bed hospital 
located in excellent recreational area. Salary and 
personnel policies in accordance with RNABC. Com- 
fortable Nurses' home. Apply: Director of Nursing. 
Boundary Hospital, Grand Forks, British Columbia. 
GENERAL DUTY NURSES - for 109-bed hospital in 
expanding Northwestern British Columbia City. Salary 
$405 to $481 for B.C. Registered Nurses with recogni- 
tion for experience. RNABC contract in effect. Gradu. 
ate Nurses not registered in B.C. paid $390. Benefits 
include comprehensive medical and pension plans.. 
Travel allowance up to $60 refunded after one 
year.s service. Comfortable. modern residence accom- 
modation at $15 per month. meals at cost. Apply to' 
Director of Nursing. Prince Rupert General Hospital. 
551-5th Avenue East, Prince Rupert, B.C. 2-58-2A 
General Duty Nurses for well-equipped 63-bed gen- 
eral hospital in beautiful inland Valley adjacent 
Lake Kathlyn and Hudson Bay Glacier. Boating, 
fishing. swimming, golfing, curling, skating, skiing. 
Salary $390 - $405. Maintenance $60.00, 40 hour - 
5 day week, Vacation with pay - Comfortable, at- 
tractive nurses. residence. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Bulkley Valley District Hospital, P.O. Box 
370, Smithers, B.C. 2-67-1 
General Duty Nune for 54-bed active hospital in 
northwestern B.C. Salaries: B.C. Registered $405, B_C. 
Non-Registered, $390, RNABC personnel policies 
in effect. Planned rotation. New residence, room and 
board: $55/m. T.V. and good social activities. 
Write: Director of Nursing, Box 1297 , Terrace, British 
Columbia_ 2-70-2 
General Duty Nurses needed for active 45-bed 
hospital - Central B.C. R.N.A. salary scale and 
personnel policies in effect. Salary recognition 
given for experience. Overtime paid. Modern 
Nurses' Residence available. New hospital planned 
for near future. Write Director of Nursing. St. 
John Hospitol, Vanderhoof, B.C. 
General Duty and Operating Room Nurses for 70-bed 
Acute General Hospital on Pacific Coast. B.C. Regis. 
tered $390 - $466 per month (Credit for experience). 
Non B.C. Registered $375 - Practical Nurses B.C. li- 
censed $273 - $311 per month. Non Registered $253- 
$286 per month. Board $20 per month, room $5.00 per 
month. 20 paid holidays per year and 10 statutory 
holidays after 1 year. Fare paid from Vancouver. 
Superannuation and medical plans. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, St. George.s Hospital, Alert Bay, British 
Columbia. 2-2-1 A 
General DutV. Operating Room and Experienced 
Obstetrical Nurses for 434-bed hospital with school 
of nursing. Salary: $390 - $466. Credit for past ex- 
perience and postgraduate training. 40-hr. wk. Stat- 
utory holidays Annual increments; cumulative aick 
leave; pension plan; 28-days annual vacation; B.C. 
registration required. Apply: Director of Nursing. 
Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, British 
Columbia. 2-73-13 
GRADUA TE NURSES: For permanent staff or holiday 
relief. In active 164-bed acute General Hospital 
with full accreditation, located in the Columbia 
River Valley in southeastern British Columbia. Un- 
limited social and sports activities including golf. 
tennis. swimming. skiing and curling. 40 hour week: 
Starting salary after registration $390 rising to $466. 
Four weeks annual vacation. 10 statutory holidays. 
I % days sick leave per month cumulative to 120 
days. Employer.employee participation in medic.al 
coverage and superannuation. Residence accommoda- 
tion. For further information apply to: Director of 
Nursing. Trail-Tadanac Hospital, Trail, British Co- 
lumbia. 
GRADUATE NURSES for 24-bed hospitol, 35-mi. from 
Vancouver. on coast. salary and personnel prac. 
'ices in accord with RNABC. Accommodation availa. 
ble. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital, 
Squamish. British Columbia_ 2-68-1 
Graduate Nunes for General Duty in modern 
22S-bed hospital in city (20,000) on Vancouver 
Island. Personnel policies in accordance with RNABC 
policies. Direct enquiries to: The Director of Nurs- 
ing. Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo. B.C. 
General Duty and Operating Room Nurse' for 
modern 450-bed hospital with School of Nursing. 
RNABC policies in effect. Credit for past experience 
and postgraduate training. British Columbia registra- 
tion required. For particulars write to: the Director of 
Nursing Service. St. Joseph.s Hospital. Victoria. Bri- 
tish Columbia. 2-76-5 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 57 



CHEDOKE CHILD AND FAMILY CENTRE 


Affiliated with McMaster University, requires for its day treatment 
UNIT FOR EMOTIONALLY DISTURBED CHILDREN 


HEAD NURSE 


To co-ordinate a treatment program and work closely with staff, children 
and their families. Considerable scope for development of head nurse 
role in newly developing complex of services in child and family care. 
Previous experience in working with emotionally disturbed children and 
a baccalaureate degree in nursing required. Salary commensurate with 
qualifications and experience. 


APPLY TO: 


Personnel Director 


THE HAMILTON HEALTH ASSOCIATION 


P.O. Box 590, Hamilton, Ontario 


OSHA W A 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


LAKEHEAD REGIONAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 


School of Nursing 
requires additional 


PORT ARTHUR, ONTARIO 


requires 


TEACHERS 


TEACHERS 


Applications are invited from 
Teachers of Nursing interested in 
participating in an expanding 
progressive educational pro- 
gramme and the development of 
a regional School of Nursing. 
Applicants must be eligible for 
nurse registration in Ontario. 
Baccalaureate degree in Nursing 
or Diploma in Nursing Education 
required. Salary commensurate 
with education and experience in 
nursing education. Good person- 
nel policies. 


QUALIFICA TONS - Bachelor's 
Degree with experience prefer- 
red. 
Proximity of new School building 
to lakehead University offers 
opportunity for further study. 
A challenge for teachers inter- 
ested in the planning and de- 
velopment of a new program. 
The first class of students will 
be enrolled in September 1968. 


Apply: 


Director 


Please direct applications and en- 
quiries to: 
Director, School of Nursing, 
OSHA W A GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Oshawa, Ontario. 


LAKEHEAD REGIONAL SCHOOL 
OF NURSING 
c/o The General Hospitd of 
Port Arthur 
Port Arthur, Ontario 


58 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


FOR CLEVELAND 


and Mt. Sinai Hospital where 
nurses earn $550 a month be- 
ginnig salaries and where 
there are challenging job and 
educational opportunities. This 
532-bed teaching institution is 
located in the center of the 
city's cultural and educational 
activities. For more informa- 
tion, write to Nurse Recruiter, 
Dept. CEo 


tb 


THE MT. SINAI 
HOSPITAL OF CLEVELAND 


University Circle Cleveland. Ohio .44106 


POSITIONS ARE AVAILABLE 


for 


REGISTERED NURSES 


with special interest in medical 
nursing and rehabilitation of 
long term patients. 
Salaries recommended by the 
Registered Nurses' 
Association of Ontario 


Inservice educational program- 
me developed and 
expanding 
Residence accommodation avail- 
able at a very mod- 
erate rate 


Transportation advanced, if re- 
quested 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
THE QUEEN ELIZABETH HOSPITAL 
130 Dunn Avenue 
Toronto 3, Onto 


DECEMBER 1967 



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Someone Special 
The Ne1J7 York City Nurse 


The New York City Nurse is more than someone special. . . 
she's someone dedicated too. She's building herself 
a successful career and finding a whole new way of life by 
working for New York. Her job isn't always easy, but 
it's always satisfying. Whether she's giving high quality 
nursing care to her patients or just radiating a little T.l.C., 
she knows that she's giving it to those who need it most. 
There are many areas open to the New York City Nurse. 
She has 19 general and special hospitals to choose from 
where she can obtain almost any clinical experience 
she wishes. She can specialize or diversify; she can further 
her education; she can advance rapidly in her profession. 
She can see medical history being made, and she 
may well help make it. Housing placement service and 
deficiency courses are available. 
Then there are the off-duty hours in New York City itself- 
hours in which to explore the world's most exciting city, 
which is now her home. You can make it your home too as a 
N
w Vnr&c rit" Nllrc.
 


Send for our brochure today, 


Professional Recruiting Unit, Room 620, Dept. CN-20 
DEPARTMENT OF HOSPIl AlS 
125 Worth Street, New York, N. Y. 10013 


Please send me your brochure about nursing in 
New York City. 


I AM A STUDENT NURSE 0 I AM A REGISTERED NURSE 


o 


Name 


Address 


City 


State 
An Eouaf ODDortunitv EmDlover 



MANITOBA 


Registered Nurse for 18-bed hospitol ot Vito, Monitobo, 
70 miles from Winnipeg. Dailv bus service. Salary 
ronge $390 - $475, with ollowonce for experience. 
40 hour week, 10 stotutory holidoys, 4 weeks poid 
vacation after one year. Full maintenance available 
for $50 per month. Apply: Motron, Vito District 
Hospitol, Vito, Monitobo. 3-68-1 


Registered Nurses (2) for 32-bed fully modern hos- 
pital in the parkland district of Manitoba. Minimum 
solory $395 to 0 moximum of $480, with extro 
monetary consideration given for experience. For 
further particulars write or phone - collect to: 
Mrs. Edna Sims, Superintendent, Roblin District Hos- 
pital, Roblin, Manitoba. 


Registered General Duty Nurses (2), for fully modern 
20-bed hospital. Salary $395.00 to $480.00 per month, 
40 hour week. Regular semi-annual increments. Duties 
to commenCe immediately. Full maintenance avail- 
able at the hospital at reasonable rates. Good per- 
sonnel policies. For further information and applica- 
tion forms apply to: Mrs. Olive C. Campbell, R.N., 
Superintendent, Hunter Memorial Hospital, Teulon, 
Manitoba. 


Graduate Nurse and a L..P .N. for General Duty 
wanted for 18-bed hospital, Ste-Anne, Manitoba. 
Situated 30 miles from Winnipeg and a daily bus 
service. Proposed salary for both categories are, 
depending on experience $415. to $455. for gradu- 
ate and $290. to $340 for loP.N. 40 hour week, 9 
statutory holidays. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Ste-Anne Hospital. Ste-Anne, Monitoba. 


NOVA SCOTIA 


Registered Nurses for 21-bed hospital in pleasant 
community - Eastern Shore of Nova Scotia. Apply: 
Superintendent, Eastern Shore Memorial Hospital, 
Sheet Harbour, Nova Scotia. 6-32.1 


Registered and Graduate Nurses for General Duty. 
New hospital with all modern conveniences, also, 
new nurses' residence available. South Shore Com- 
munity. Apoly to: Superintendent, Queens General 
Hospital, Liverpool, Nova Scotia. 6-20-1 


GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Positions available for 
Registered Qualified General Duty Nurses for 138- 
bed active treatment hospital. Residence accom. 
modation available. Applications and enquiries will 
be received by: Director of Nursing, Blanchard
Fraser 
Memorial Hospital, Kentville, Nova Scotia. 6-19-1 


REGISTERED NURSES for 53-bed medium and long- 
term active treatment hospital in a progressive city. 
Particulars on request. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Halifax Civic Hospital, 5938 University Avenue, Hali. 
fax, Nova Scotia. 6-17-10 A 


ONTARIO 


Supervisor of Public Health Nursing, qualified. 
Salary range $6,652 - $8,130 plus $300 for B.Sc. N.; 
Starting level appropriate to experience and merit. 
Employer shared pension plan, medical and hospital 
insurance. Generous car allowance, cumulative sick 
leave, one month annual vacation. Apply to: Dr. 
E_ G. Brawn, Kent County Health Unit, 21 Seventh 
Street, Chatham, Ontario. 


HEAD NURSE: Applications are invited for the posi- 
tion of HEAD NURSE for a 20-bed Psychiatric 
Ward in a General Hospital. Desirable qualifications 
should include a B.Se.N. degree or an Administration 
diploma and experience in the Psychiatric field. 
For further information, write to: Director of 
Nursing, Queensway General Hospital, Etobicoke, 
Ontario. 


REGISTERED NURSES for General Duty in new, mod- 
ern 44-bed act;ve treatment hospital located in a 
thriving bilingual community holf-way between Ot- 
tawa and Montreal. (Bilingualism is not a require- 
ment of employment but this would be a good op- 
portunity to learn either French or English.) Salary 
on a par with other Ontario hospitals, in addition to 
I month's vacation and excellent staff benefits. 
Good opportun ity for professional development in a 
friendly and progressive environment. Apply to: The 
Director of Nursing, Glengarry Memorial Hospital 
Alexandria, Ontario. ' 


Registered Nurses for 34-bed hospital, min. salary 
$415 with regular annual increments to maximum 
of $495. 3-wk. vacation with pay; sick leave after 
6-mo. service. All Staff - 5 day 40-hr. wk., 9 
statutary holidays, pension plan and other benefits. 
Apply to: Superintendent, Englehart & District Hos- 
pital, Englehart, Ontario. 7-40.1 


60 THE CANADIAN 


URSE 


I I 


ONTARIO 


REGISTERED NURSES (IMMEDIATELY) for a new 40- 
bed hospital. Nurses' residence - private rooms with 
bath - $20 per month. Minimum salary $415 plus 
experience allowance, 4 semi-annual increments. 
Reply to: The Director of Nursing, Geraldton District 
Hospital, Geraldton. Ontario. 7-SO-IA 


Nursing Positions - for REGISTERED NURSES; tor 
325-bed fully accredited active General Hospital - 
centrally located in the city; for further information 
write to the Director of Nursing, THE DOCTORS 
HOSPITAL, 45 Brunswick Avenue, Toronto 4, On- 
tario. 


Registered Nurses for 18-bed (expanding to 36-bed) 
General Hospital in Minin9 and Resort town of 5,000 
people. Beautifully located on Wawa lake, 140 miles 
north of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Wide variety of 
Summer and winter sports including swimming, boat- 
ing, fishing, golfing, skating, curling and bowling. 
Six churches of different faiths. Salaries comparable 
with all northern hospitals. limited bed and board 
available at reasonable rate. Excellent personnel 
policies, pleasant working conditions. HEAD NURSE 
with Some formal preparation and/or adequate ex- 
perience. Apply to: Director of Nursing, The lady 
Dunn General Hospital, Box 179, Wawa, Ontario. 
7-140-1B 


Required immediately. Registered Nurses for 32.bed 
hospital in north western Ontario. SaJary schedule 
$450. to $550. per month. Accommodation available. 
Excellent personnel policies. Please reply in writing 
to: Miss M. Mcleod, R.N., Administrator, Atikokan 
General Hospital, Atikokan, Ontario. 


REGISTERED NURSES required immediately for 53- 
bed hospital. Minimum salary $415. Three weeks 
vacation, pension, life and medical insurance, 8 
'Statutory holidays, 40 hour week. Air, rail and road 
communication. Northern hospitality. Apply to: Direc- 
tor of Nurses, Porcupine General Hospital, South 
Porcupine, Onto 7-123-1 


Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 
for 100-bed General Hospital, situated in Northern 
Ontario. Salary range $415 - $455 per month, RNA's 
$273 - $317 per month, shift differential, annual 
increments, 40 hour week, OHSC and P.S.I. plans in 
effect. Accommodation available in residence if 
desired. For full particulars apply to: The Director 
of Nurses, Lady Minto Hospital, Cochrane, Ontario. 
7-30-1 B 


Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 
are invited to make application to our 75-bed, 
modern General Hospital. You will be in the Vaca- 
tionland of the North, midway between the lakehead 
and Winnipeg, Manitoba. Basic wage for Registered 
Nurses is $408 and for Registered Nursing Assistants 
is $285 with yearly increments and consideration for 
experience. Write or phone: The Director of Nursing, 
Dryden District General Hospital, DRYDEN, Ontario. 
7-26-1 A 


Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 
for 160-bed accredited hospital. Starting salary $415 
and $285 respectively with regular annual incre- 
ments for both. Excellent personnel policies. Resid- 
ence accommodation available. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Kirkland & District Hospital, Kirkland lake, 
Ontario. 7-67-1 


Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 
(immediately) for 64-bed home for the aged in 
Minden. 3 weeks vacation with pay. Cumulative sick 
leave. Employer shared P.S.I. and O.H.S.C. Apply 
to: The Administrator, Hyland Crest Home, P.O. Box 
30, Minden, Ontario. 


Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 
required for 42-bed hospital planning expansion in 
progressive northern town. Winter and summer sports 
excellent, usual fringe benefits, new salary range 
effective January 1968 comparable with all hos. 
pitals. Residence accommodation available. Apply 
to: Director of Nursing, Box 340, New Liskeard and 
District Hospital, New liskeard, Ontario. 


Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 
Starting Salary for R.N. is $415 and for R.N.A. is $300. 
Allowance for experience. Excellent fringe benefits. 
Write: Mrs G. Gordon, Superintendent, Nipigon Dis- 
trict Memorial Hospital, Box 37, Nipigon, Ontario. 
7-87-t 


Registered Nurse and Registered Nursing Assistants 
in modern IOO-bed hospital, situated 40 miles from 
Ottawa. Excellent personnel pol icies. Residence 
accommodation available. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Smiths Falls Public Hospital, Smiths Falls, 
Ontario. 7-120-2A 


I I 


ONTARIO 


FACULTY Position in Medical-Surgical Nursing 
open for July, 1968 in the Bachelor of Science in 
Nursing Course at McMaster University, Hamilton, 
Ontario. Salary and academic rank commensurate 
with education and experience. Please apply sending 
curriculum vitae and two references to: Director, 
School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, 
Ontario. 


Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 
for 83-bed General Hospital in French speaking com- 
munity of Northern Ontario. R.N:s salary: $420 to 
$465/m., 4 weeks vocation, 18 sick leave days and 
R.N.A:s salary: $300 to $340/m., 2 weeks vacation 
and 12 sick leave days. Unused sick leave is paid 
at IOOC}
. Rooming accommodations available in 
town and meals served at the Hospital. Excellent 
personnel policies. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Notre-Dame Hospital, Hearst, Ontario. 7-58-1 


REGISTERED NURSES and REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS required for loo-bed hospital in the 
Model Town of the North. All usual fringe benefits, 
living-in accommodation. Salary range for general 
duty nurses $415-$485 depending on qualifications 
and experience. Registered Nursing Assistants $290- 
$346. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Sensenbren- 
ner Hospital, Kapuskasing, Ontario. 


Registered Nurses for General DulY' in well-equipped 
28-bed hospital, located in growing gold mining 
and tourist area, north of Kenora, Ontario. Modern 
residence with individual rooms; room, board and 
uniform laundry only $50/m, 40-hr. wk., no split shift, 
cumulative sick time, 8 statutory holidays and 28 
day paid vacation after one year. Starting salary 
$430. Apply to: Matron, Morgaret Cochenour Memo- 
rial Hospital, Cochenour, Ontario. 7-29.1 


REGISTERED NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active 
accredited well equipped 28-bed hospital. 30 miles 
from Ottawa. Residence accommodation. Good per. 
sonnel policies. Apply to: Administratrix, Kemptville 
District Hospital, Kemptville, Ontario. 7-63-1 


Regisfered Nurses for General Duty for 
chest hospital. Residence accommodation, 
commensurate with experience and ability. 
to: Director of Nursing, Niagara Peninsula 
torium, Box 158, St. Catharines, Ontario. 


I 66-bed 
salary 
Apply 
Sana- 


Registered Nurses for General Duty in 100-bed hos- 
pital, located 30-mi. from Ottawa, are urgently reo 
quired. Good personnel policies, accommodation 
ovailable in new staff residence. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, District Memorial Hospital, Winchester, On- 
tario. 7.144-1 


General Duty Registered Nurse for new, well- 
equipped 31-bed prefabricated hospItal located in 
attractive community, 40 miles east of North Bay. 
Good personnel policies and fringe benefits. Salary 
scole $400 to $480 with five annual increments. 
Apply to: Administratar, General Hospital, Mollawa, 
Ontaria. 


Registered Nurses for General Staff and Operating 
Room. Accredited 235-bed, modern, General Hospital. 
Good personnel pol icies. Beginning salary 5400 per 
month, recognition for experience, annual bonus plan. 
Planned in-service programs. Assistance with trans. 
portation. Apply: Director of Nursing, Sudbury Me. 
morial Hospital, Regent Street, S., Sudbury, Ontario. 
7.127-4 A 


Registered Nursing Assistant. 40 hour week, 9 
statutory holidays. Member of O.H.A_ Pension Plan. 
Other allractive fringe benefits. Salary Range $268 
to $343. per month. Apply to: Superintendent, Horne- 
payne Community Hospital, Box 190, Hornepayne, 
Ontario. Phone 690 - Hornepayne. 


Public Health Nurses required for generalized public 
health programme. Salary range $5,300. to $6,550., 
based in accordance with experience. Four week 
vacation, car allowance, pension plan, hospitaliza- 
tion, P .SJ., and group insurance. Apply stating 
qualifications to: Dr. H.H. Washburn, Director & 
Medical Officer of Health, Norfolk County Health 
Unit, Box 247, Simcoe, Ontario. 


Staff Public Health Nurses. Vacancies in main and 
satellite offices due to expansion of Unit. 1967 
Salary Scale: $5,227. - $6,616. and presently being 
negotiated for 1968. Usual benefits. For details 
apply to: The Director, Sudbury & District Health 
Unit, 50 Cedar Street, Sudbury, Ontario. 


Qualified Public Health Nunes required for expand- 
ing general ized program in leading resort area. 
Attractive salary ranges, fringe benefits, and travel 
allowance. For full details please contact: W. H. 
Bennett, M.D., D.P.H., Medical Officer of Health, 
Muskoka and District Health Unit, Box 1019, Brace- 
bridge, Ontario. 7-15-2 
DECEMBER 1967 




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CREDIT VALLEY SCHOOL OF NURSING 


INVITES APPLICATIONS FOR POSITIONS OF: 


ASSISTANT DIRECTOR Qualifications: Ma5ter'5 degree in nursing education i5 preferred. 
Baccalaureate degree i5 acceptable. 
Experience in field of nur5ing education. 
TEACHERS Qualifications: Baccalaureate degree preferred. Diploma in nur5ing 
education and working toward degree acceptable. 
Experience in nur5ing and teaching preferred. 
A new, regional, independent School of Nur5ing, located twelve miles west of Toronto in COOKSVILLE, ON- 
TARIO will be opening it5 door5 to its fir5t cla55 of nur5ing 5tudent5 in September, 1968. Faculty will be in- 
volved in the planning of a curriculum for a two-year nur5ing programme followed by one year of internship. 
Ultimate annual enrolment will be 150 5tudent5. Community agencies in the area and the five following 
h05pital5 will be providing opportunities for observation, participation, and clinical experience5: 
Georgetown and District Memorial Hospital, Georgetown 
Milton District Hospital, Milton 
Oakville-Trafalgar Memorial Hospital, Oakville 
Peel Memorial Hospital, Brampton 
South Peel Hospital, Cooksville 
For further information, write to: 
THE DIRECTOR 
CREDIT VALLEY SCHOOL OF NURSINC 
100 UPPER MIDDLE ROAD, COOK5VILLE, ONTARIO 


Applications are invited for the position of 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
by April 1 sf 1968 


NORTHERN ONTARIO 
REGIONAL SCHOOL OF NURSING 


at 


Applications are invited from teachers interested in 
developing two-plus-one diploma programme in this 
new 5chool. Fir5t cla55 of 30 students September 
1968. New Building being erected. 


TRENTON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 
TRENTON, ONT. 


QUALIFICATIONS: B.Se.N. or 
Diploma in Nur5ing Education or 
Public Health Nursing 


This p05ition carries re5pon5ibility for the co-ordin- 
ation of all facets of nur5ing activity within thi5 
150-bed acute treatment hospital and plan5 for 46 
chronic bed exten5ion within one year. 


Excellent Salary and personnel policies. 


Applicant5 should have a degree in nur5ing 5ervice 
admini5tration as well as experience on applicable 
level. 


Located near good golfing, hunting, fi5hing, boat- 
ing, skiing, and all other winter sports. 


Apply to: 


Applications, or requests for additional information 
should be addressed to: 


The Director 


H. F. NAUDETT, Administrator 
TRENTON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 
Trenton, Ontario 


NORTHERN ONTARIO REGIONAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 


c/o Kirkland and District Hospital 
Kirkland Lake, Ontario 


DECEMBER 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 61 



ONTARIO 


General Duty Nurses for 66-bed General Hospital. 
Storting salary: SAOS m. Excellent personnel policies. 
Pension pion, life insurance, etc., residence occom. 
modotion. Only 10 min. from downtown Buffalo. 
Apply. Director of Nursing, Douglas Memorial Hos- 
pilal. ForI Erie, Onlaria. 7-45.] 


G.n.ral Duly Nurs.. for 100-bed modern ha.pilal. 
Southwestern Ontario, 32 mi. from London. Salary 
commensurate with experience and ability; S39B/m 
besic salary. Pension pion. Apply giving full par- 
ticulars to: The Director of Nurses, District Memorial 
Haspilal, TiJI.anburg, On Iorio. 7-13].1 


G.n.ral Staff Nur... and R.gi.t.red Nur.ing A..i.- 
tanls ore required for a modern, well-equipped General 
Hospital currently expanding to t67 beds. 5itualed in 
o progressive community in South Western Ontario, 30 
miles from Windsor-Detroit Border. Salary scaled to 
experience and qualifications. Excellent employee 
benefits and working conditions plus on opportunity 
to work in a Patient Centered Nursing Service. Write 
for further information to: Miss Patricia McGee, B. 
Sc.N., Reg.N. Director of Nursing, leamington District 
Memorial Hospital, Leamington, Ontario. 7.69-1 A 


OPERATING ROOM NURSES (2) for a fully aC- 
crediled 70-bed General Hospital. For Operating 
Room Duty. Salary according to experience. Apply to: 
O.R. Supervisor, Penetanguishene Generol Hospital, 
Penetanguishene, Ontorio. 7-99
2 


Public Health Nurses wonted for scenic urban and 
rural health unit, close to the capitol city, in the 
upper Ottawa Valley tourist area. Good Summer 
and winter recreational facilities. Salary range 
$5,192 - $6,107. Allawanc. for experience and/or 
degree. Usual fringe benefits. Direct enquiries to 
Miss R. Coyne, Supervisor of Nurses, Renfrew 
County Health Unit, 169 William 5treet, Pembroke 
Ontario. 


Pubic H.alth Nurs. (qualified) for generalized pro- 
gramme. Salary range $5,200 - $6,400 according 
to experience. Salaries negotiated yearly. Personnel 
policies on request. Apply in writing to: Miss 
Bealrice Whalley, 5upervisar of Public Health Nurs- 
ing, Walerlaa County Health Unit, 109 Argyle 5t., 
S., Preston, Ontario. 


Public H.alth Nur... for H.alth Unit in Narlhern 
Ontario. Generalized Program. Good salary and 
personnel policies. Apply: Supervisor of Nurses, 
Parcupin. Health Unit, Timmins, Ontario. 7.132-2 


QUEBEC 


R.gi.t.r.d Nur... for 30-b.d General Hospital. Hun. 
tingdon is a small manufacturing town 50 miles 
from centre of Montreal. There are excellent sociol 
and recreational facilities. Salaries as approved by 
QHIS. Annual vocation 4 weeks, accumulated sick 
leave. Blue Cross paid. Bonus for permanent night 
shift. Full maintenance available for $43.50 per 
month. Apply: Mrs. D. Howley, R.N., Huntingdon 
Caunly Hospital, Huntingdon, Quebec. 9.29.1 


REGISTERED NURSES for modern 80-bed general 
hospital expanding to 150 beds, located in on at- 
tractive, dynamic, sports oriented community 50 
miles south of Montreal. Salaries and fringe bene- 
fits comparable to Manlreal. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Brome-Missisquoi
Perkins Hospital, Cowans- 
ville, P.Q. 


OPERATING ROOM STAFF NURSES: (application. are 
invited). In a modern 350-bed hospital. 5alaries 
commensurate with experience and postgraduate 
education. Cumulative sick leave, 28 days annual 
vacation, retirement plan and other liberal fringe 
benefits. Apply: Director of Nursing Service, St. 
Mary's Hospital, 3830 Lacomb. Avenue, Montreal 
26, Quebec. .9-47-39A 


SASKA TCHEW AN 


Dir.ctar of Nu.... required for 16.bed hospital 
located 25 miles S.W. of Soskataan. Accommodation 
available. SRNA policies in effect. Apply slaling ex- 
perience and quolifications to: The Administrator, 
Delisle Union Hospital, Deli.le, Sosk. 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING requir.d for modern 24-b.d 
active treatment hospital. Graduates in nursing ad- 
ministration or with experience will be given pre- 
ference. Solary schedule will be based on th. 
SRNA recommendations: Apply: Mr. R. Halinaty, 
Administrator, Wakaw Union Hospital, Wok ow, 
Soskatchewan. 


62 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


II 


SASKA TCHEW AN 


NURSING INSTRUCTORS. Positions available as nurs- 
ing instructors in medical-surgical, obstetric, pediatric 
and psychiatric nursing, 1968-69 academic. term. Re- 
sponsibilities include clinical and classroom teaching 
in a Two Year Program. Bachelor of Science degree 
preferred. Beginning salary $577. Apply: Director, 
Regina Grey Nuns' Hospital, School.. of Nursing, 
Regina, Sask. 


R.gi.ter.d Nur... wonted for newly enlarged 17-bed 
hospital. 5alary range $421 - $525 with increment 
provision for experience. Separate nurses' residence, 
40 hour week, pension plan, etc. Apply: LoVern 
Gervais, Secretory-Manager, Parodise Hill Union Hos- 
pital, Paradise Hill, Sosk. 


R.gi.t.r.d Nur... required for 450-bed General Hos- 
pital. Ba.ic salary range $401. - $511. Recognition 
given for experience. Must be eligible for Saskat- 
chewan registration. Apply to: Director of Nursing 
Service, Regina Grey Nuns' Hospital, 4101 Dewdney 
Avenue, Reg ina, Saskatchewan. 


REGISTERED NURSES required for 24-b.d active 
treatment hospital. Established personnel policies 
and pension plan. So lory range as per SRNA 
recommendations. Adiustments to starting salary 
mode for previous experience. Residence accom- 
modation avoilable at nominal cost. Apply Miss 
Fey Cook, Acting Director of Nursing, Wokaw 
Union Hospital, Wakaw, Saskatchewan. 


REGISTERED GENERAL DUTY NURSES required by a 
40-bed fully accrediled hospital. 5alary in accar. 
dance with the SRNA. Recognition of pasl ex- 
perience policy applicable. Frequent doily trans- 
portotion connections by train and bus east and 
west. Apply in writing or phone 948-3323 caliecl 
to: Director of Nurses, Biggar Union Hospital, 
Biggar, 5askatchewan. 


General Duty and Operating Room Nurses, also 
C.rtified Nursing A.si.tant. for 560-bed University 
Hospital. Salary commensurate with experience and 
preporations. Excellent opportunities to engage in 
progressive nursing. Apply: Director of Personnel, 
University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. 


GRADUATE NURSES required for 8-bed haspilal in 
Southern Sask. Salary range $420 - $535. Qualifica- 
tions and experience considered. Three weeks vaca- 
lion plus statutory holidays and 40 hour week. Per- 
sonnel policies on request. Apply to: Mrs. D.L. 
Knops. Sec.-Treas., Rockglen Union Hospital, Rockglen, 
Saskatchewan. 


II 


UNITED STATES 


Registered Nurses, Career sotisfaction, interest and 
professionol growth unlimited in modern, JCAH ac- 
crediled 243-bed hospital. Located in one of Califar. 
nia's finest areas, recreationol, educotional and cul- 
tural advantages are yours as well as wonderful 
year-round climate. If this combination is what 
you're looking for, contact us now!Staff nurse en- 
trance salary $575-$600 per month; increases to 
$700 per month; supervisory positions at highest 
rates. Special area and .hift differentials to $54. per 
month. Exc.llent benefits include free health and 
life insurance, retirement, credit union and libera1 
personnel policies. Professional stoff appointments 
available in all clinicol areas to those eligible for 
California licensure. Write today: Director of Nursing, 
Eden Haspilal. 20103 Lake Chabot Rood, Castro Vol. 
ley, California. 15-5.12 


REGtSTERED NURSES Opportunities available at 
415-bed hospital in Medical-Surgical, Lobar and 
Delivery, Intensive Core, Operating Room and Psy- 
chiatry. No rototion of shift, good salary, evening 
and night differentials, liberal fringe benefit.. 
Temporary living accommodations available. Apply: 
Miss Dolores Merrell, R.N., Personnel Director, Queen 
of Angels Hospital, 230] Bellevue Avenue, Los 
Angeles 26, California. t5-5.3G 


REGISTERED NURSES - SAN FRANCISCO Children's 
Ha.pital and Adult Medical C.nler hospital for men, 
women and children. California registrotion required. 
Opportunities in all clinical areas. Excellent solaries, 
differentiols for evenings and nights. Holidoys, vaco- 
tions, sick leove, life insurance, health insurance and 
employer-paid pension-plan. Applications ond details 
furnished on request. Contact Personnel Director, Chil- 
dren's Hospital, 3700 California Street, 5an Francisco 
18, California. 15-5-4 


Nur... for new 75-bed General Haspilal. Resort 
orea. Ideal climate. On beautiful Pacific ocean. 
Apply to: Director of Nurse., 5auth Coast Com- 
munity Ha.pital, 5aulh Laguna, California. 15-5.50 


II 


UNITED STATES 


REGISTERED NURSES: Mount Zion Hospital and Me- 
dical Center's Increased salary scoles now double our 
attroction for nurses who find they can offord to live 
by the Golden Gate. Expansion has created vacancies 
for stoff and specialty assignments. Address enquiry 
to: Personnel Deportment, 1600 Divisadero Street, Son 
Francisco, California 94115. An equal apporlunity 
employer. 15.5-4C 
Staff Duty pa.itian. (Nur...) in private 403-b.d 
hospital. Liberol personnel policies and salary. Sub- 
stontial differential for evening and night duty. 
Write: Personnel Director, Hospital of The Good 
5amaritan, 1212 5hatta 5lreet, Los Ang.I.. ]7, 
California. J5-5-3b 


Wanted - General Duty Nurses. Applications now 
being token for nursing positions in a new addi. 
tion to the existing hospital including surgery, cen- 
tral .terile and supply, general duty. Salary $550 
per month plus fringe benefits. Contact: Director of 
Nurses, Alamosa Community Hospital Alamosa. 
Colorado. 15-6-1 
REGISTERED NURSES: for 75-bed air-candilianed 
hospital, growing community. Starting .alary $330 
$365/m, fringe benefits, vocation, sick leave, holi- 
days, life insurance, hospitalization. 1 meol furnish- 
ed. Write: Administrator, Hendry General Hospital, 
Clewistan, Florida. 15-10.] 
STAFF NURSES: University of Washington. 320-bed 
modern, expanding Teaching and Research Hospital 
located on campus offers you on opportunity to 
ioin the stoff in one of the following specialties: 
Clinical Research, Premature Center, Open Heart 
Surgery, Physical Medicine, Orthopedics, Neurosurge- 
ry, Adult and Child Psychiatry in addition to the 
G.neral Services. Solary $525 for newly graduale 
nurse. $560 within first six manlhs to $640. Solary 
commensurate with experience and education. Unique 
benefit program includes free University courses after 
six months. For .nformation on opportunities, write 
to: Mrs. Ruth Fine, Director of Nursing Services, Uni- 
versity Hospital, t959 N.E. Pacific Avenue, Seattle, 
Washington 98105. 


Registered Nurses - with desire ta grow. Im- 
mediate stoff openings - including speciality areas 
- for nurses eligible for Washington licensure. 
General hospital, research oriented, expanding from 
300 to 500 beds. Liberal salary and fringe benefits. 
For further information contoct Providence Hospital, 
Personnel Dept., 500 - 17th, Seattle, Washinglan, 
9B122. 


Op.rating Roam Nur... - A Chall.ng.' Excep- 
tional opportunity for experienced operating room 
nurses. Recent increases in personnel s,affing provide 
openings for both supervisory and stoff operating 
room nurses. Solary $575 per month and up depend- 
ing upon experience. Excellent fringe benefits. 
located in the spectacular Pacific Northwest, this 
500-bed, JCAH fully accredited teaching hospital and 
medical center including a school of nursing, 
overages 10,000 procedures per year. Experience is 
available in all specialty areas. Excellent oppor- 
tunities for advancement. Planned RN teaching 
programs. If you enjoy relaxed living where year 
around outdoor activities abound, the friendly "City 
of Roses", portland. Oregon, is the place for you. 
The ski slopes of Mt. Hood and Ihe shores of the 
Pacific Ocean are within ane hour of the city. Three 
major universities provide excellent educational op- 
portunities. To learn more, write or call Director of 
Personnel, Good 5amaritan Hospital & Medical 
C.nter, 1015 Narthw.st 22nd Avenue, Portland, 
Oregon. 


RED CROSS 
IS ALWAYS THERE 
WITH YOUR HELP 


DECEMBER 1967 



I 
NEED 
YOU 


.... 
... ... 



 


, 

 


TO CARE FOR ME AT 
U.S. PHS ALASKA NATIVE HOSPITALS 
WANTED: PROFESSIONAL NURSES FOR 
CIVIL SERVICE POSITIONS 
EXCELLENT SALARIES 
PROMOTIONAL OPPORTUNITIES 
TRAVEL 
CIVIL SERVICE BENEFITS 
NEW EXPERIENCES 
For Details W rite To: 
AREA PERSONNEL OFFICER 
U.S. PHS ALASKA NATIVE HEALTH AREA OFFICE 
BOX 7.741 
ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 
EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER 


TEACHERS 


are you interested in developing 
a progressive educational programme? 


THE SCARBOROUGH REGIONAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 


Announces the following faculty positions for 1968 


1. Teachers: 
Qualifications: Baccalaureate Degree preferred, 
or Diploma in Education. 
Nursing experience necessary. 
2. Health Counsellor: 
Qualifications: Baccalaureate Degree or Diploma 
in Public Health. 
Nursing experience necessary. 


For further information and an 
application form, write to: 
.The Director, 
SCARBOROUGH REGIONAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
2877 Ellsmere Road 
West Hill, Ontario 


DECEMBER 1967 


. Are you dissofisfied wifh your posifion? 


. Would you like 0 change? 


. Would you like to meef new people? 


THIS 


. Would you like fo increose your nurs- 
ing skills? 


1S-SECOND TEST 


. Would you like to work where 
there is an active research pro. 
gram? 


COULD 


. Are you adopfable? 


. Do you enjoy winter and summer 
sports? 


CHANGE 


. Do you crave more cultural advon- 
tages? 


YOUR 


. Is yaur life a Utile boring right now? 


. Do you sense excilemenf in a change? 


FUTURE 


If your answer is YES you will like work- 
ing at this 1087 bed teaching hospifal. 
Apply on wrifing fo: 


Miss B. Jean Milligan, Reg. N., M.A., 
Assistant Director, 
Otlawo Civic H,)spitol, 
1053 Carling Ave., Ottawa 3, Onto 


HOSPITAL STAFF NURSES 


Department of Veterans Affairs 
LONDON, Ontario 
Salary to $4800 


We5tmin5ter Hospital, a modern 1500-bed active 
treatment, teaching h05pital, require5 experienced 
graduates from an approved 5chool of Nur5ing with 
Regi5tration in a Province of Canada to: 
identify the nursing need5 of patients 
plan and provide nursing core according to rec- 
ognized 5tandards and hospital policy 
aS5ume re5pon5ibility for a ward or specialty 
unit during evening and night hours 
direct and supervi5e the work of nur5ing auxi- 
liaries. 


Applications should be forwarded immediately to: 
PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION OF CANADA 
Postian Building, 
395 Dundas Street, 
London, Ontario. 


Please quote Reference No. 67-T-3015 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 63 



UNITED STATES 


REGISTERED NURSES: Excellent opportunity for ad- 
vancement in atmosphere of medical excellence. Pro- 
gressive patient core including Intensive Care and 
Cordiac Care Units. Finely "equipped growing 200-bed 
suburban community hospital on Chicago's beautiful 
North Shore. Modern, furnished apartments are 
available for single professional women. Other 
fringe benefits include paid vacation after six 
months, paid life insurance, 50% tuition refund and 
stoff development program. Solary range from $550- 
$660 per month plus shift differential. Contact: 
Donald L. Thompson, R.N., Director of Nursing, 
Highland Pork Hospital, Highland Pork, Illinois 
60035. 15.14-3C 


Registered Nurses and Certified Nursing Allistants. 
Opening in severol areas, all shifts. Every other week- 
end off, in small community hospital 2 miles from 
Boston. Rooms available. Hospital paid life insuronce 
and other liberal fringe benefits. fiN salary $100 per 
week, plus differential of $20 for 3-11 p.m. and 
11-7 a.m. shifts. C.N. Ass'ts. $80 weekly plus $10 for 
3.11 p.m. and 11-7 a.m. shifts. Must read, write, 
and speak English. Write: Miss Byrne, Director of 
Nurses, Chelsea Memorial Hospital, Chelsea, Mas- 
sachusetts 02150. 15-22-1 C 


I I 


UNITED STATES 


Registered Nurses. modern 280.bed teaching hospital 
University City. 45 mins. f am NYC & Phil. Positions 
available in Med. - Surg. Units. Intensive Care. 
Obstetrics - New 80rn Nsy. Hospital fully accredited 
AMA. Approved programs for interns and residents. 
Paid hospitalization, tuition plan, 3-wks. Paid vaca- 
tion. alternote week-ends off. Continuing education 
programs for staff. Housing available. Assistance 
given in obtaining N.J. licensure. Must be high 
school graduate. Apply: Personnel Deportment, Mid- 
dlesex General Hospital, New Brunswick, New 
Jersey 08901 


SEATTLE General Duty Nurses. 5alary, experienced, 
days $560-$610. New graduates $525 to start. $35 
differential on evening and night shift. Excellent 
benefits. 230-bed regional referral General Hospital 
with intensive care and coronary units. Postgradu- 
ate classes available at two universities. Extensive 
intern and resident teaching program. Hospital lo- 
cated adjacent to Northwest.s largest private clinic. 
Free housing first month. Canadian trained nurses 
with psychiatric affiliation. Please write Personnel 
Director, Virginia Mason Hospital. 1111 Terry Ave- 
nue, Searr'e, Washington 98101. 


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NIGHT NURSE 


University Hospifal is pleased fo announce fhat starfing pay for night 
nurses nOw ranges from $31.00 to $34.00 per shift ($8,056 to $8,839 
for an annual starting salary)--depending on education and experience. 
After 4 years service, night nurse salaries range up to $9,622 
per year. The base pay for permanent evening and rotating fours 
has also been increased plus excellent Universify Stoff benefits are 
offered fo all nurses. 
Universify Hospital has a Service Deportment which assigns frained 
personnel to handle paperwork and of her non-nursing chores, 
relieving our nurses fOr pofient core exclusively. 
Ann Arbor is notionally known as a Center of Culture with emphasis 
on art, music and droma--ond recognized as on exciting and desirable 
communify in which fo live. 
Write to Mr. William Eaton, Personnel Administrator, Box B, 
A600l, Universify Hospital, University of Michigan for 
mOre informafion or phone collecf (313) 764-2182. 
We are on Equal Opportunity Employer 


UNIVERSITY OF 
MEDICAL CENTER, 


MICHIGAN 
ANN ARBOR 


64 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


THE HOSPITAL 


FOR 


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Receive the advantages of: 


1 _ Five-week 
gram for 


orientation 
new staff. 


pra- 


2. Ongoing in-5ervice education 
for nurses. 


3. Exten5ive student education 
program. 
4. Research Institute. 


APPLICATION FOR GENERAL 
DUTY POSITIONS INVITED 


For information contact: 


THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Canada 


DECEMBER 1967 



MEDICINE HAT 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


MEDICINE HAT, ALBERTA 


STAFF NURSES 


Current Recommended 
Salary Scoles 


Apply: 


Director of Nursing 
or any 
CANADA MANPOWER CENTRE 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
EDUCATION 


Moster's degree preferred; fo conduct 
basic nursing program and offiliofe pro- 
gram. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, 
CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL 
OF WINNIPEG, 
Winnipeg, Manitoba. 


KELOWNA GENERAL HOSPITAL 


OKANAGAN VALLEY, B. C. 


VACANCY OPEN 
FOR NURSING OFFICE 
NURSING SERVICE 
SUPERVISOR 


Preparation ond experience in nursing 
service administrafion required, degree 
preferred. 


Applicotions ond enquiries 10: 


Director of Nursing 
KELOWNA GENERAL HOSPITAL 
2268 Pandosy Street 
Kelowna, B.C. 


DECEMBER 1967 


I I 


UNITED STATES 


UNITED STATES 


REGISTERED NURSES - CALIFORNIA Progressive hos- 
pitol in Son Joaquin Volley has openings for R.N:s. 
Located between San Francisco and Los Angeles near 
mountain, ocean and desert resorts. Paid vacation, 
paid sick leave, paid Blue Cross, disability insurance, 
voluntary retirement plan. Salary range frem $SOO to 
$700 monthly. Write: Personnel Director, Mercy Hos- 
pital, Bakersfield, California. IS-S-S8A 


REGISTERED NURSES needed for rapidly expanding 
general hospital on the beautiful Peninsula near 
Son Francisco. Outstanding policies and benefits 
including generous sick leave and vacation accrual, 
temporary accommodations at low cost, paid hos- 
pital and major medical insurance, fully refundable 
retirement plan, liberal shift differentials, no rot- 
ation, exceptional in-service and orientation pro- 
grams, sick leeve conversion to vacation, paid life 
insurance, tuition reimbursement. Salary range $598- 
$727. Contoct Personnel Administrator, Peninsula 
Hospital, 1783 EI Camino Real, Burlingame, Colifor. 
nia 94010. 


REGISTERED NURSES - Southern California - Op- 
portunities available - 368-bed modern hospital in 
Medical-Surgical, Labor and Delivery, Nursery, Oper- 
ating Room and Intensive and Coronory Care Units. 
Good solary and liberal fringe benefits. Continuing 
inservice education program. Located 10 miles from 
Los Angeles near skiing, swimming, cultural and edu- 
cational facilities. Temporary living accommodations. 
Apply: Director of Nursing Service, Saint Joseph 
Hospital, Burbank, California 91503. 15.5.63 


REGISTERED NURSES - Generol Duty for 84-bed 
JCAH hospitol 1 1 -:a hours from San Francisco, 2 
hours from the Lake Tahoe. Starting salary $600/m. 
with differentiols. Apply: Director of Nurses, Mem. 
orial Hospital, Woodland, California. IS-S-49B 


THE WINNIPEG GENERAL HOSPITAL 


1000 beds, part of expanding health sciences complex affiliated with the 
University of Manitoba, centrally located in large culturally alive 
cosmopol itan city, 


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invites applications from 
REGISTERED NURSES seeking professional growth, opportunity for inno- 
vation, and job satisfaction. 
. ORIENTATION - extensive two week program at full salary 
. ON-GOING EDUCATION - provided through 
active in-service programmes in all patient care areas 
one university credit course offered each year on hospital 
premises 
opportunity to attend conferences, institutes, meetings 
of professional association 
- post graduate courses in selected clinical specialties 
. PROGRESSIVE PERSONNEL POLICIES 
salary based on experience and preparation 
paid vacation based on years of service 
shift differential for rotating services 
10 statutory holidays per year 
insurance, retirement and pension plans 
. SPECIALIZED SERVICE AREAS - orthopedics, psychiatry, post 
anaesthetic, casualty, intensive care, kidney dialysis, medicine 
and surgery. 
. ENQUIRIES WELCOME 


For further information please write to: 
Nursing Section 
Personnel Department 
THE WINNIPEG GENERAL HOSPITAL 
700 William Avenue 
Winnipeg, Manitoba. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 65 



nurses 


who want to 
nurse 


At York Central you can join 
an active, interested group of 
nurses who want the chance to 
nurse in its broadest sense. Our 
126-bed, fully accredited hospi- 
tal is young, and already talking 
expansion. Nursing is a profes- 
sion we respect and we were the 
first to plan and develop a unique 
nursing audit system; new mem- 
bers of our nursing staff do not 
necessarily start at the base salary 
of $400 per month but get added 
pay for previous years of work. 
There are opportunities for gain- 
ing wide experience, for getting 
to know patients as well as staff. 


Situated in Richmond Hill. all 
the cultural and entertainment fa- 
cilities of Metropolitan Toronto 
are available a few miles to the 
South. " and the winter and 
summer holidav and week.-end 
pleasures of o'ntario are easily 
accessible to the North. If you 
are really interested in nursing. 
you are needed and will be made 
v, elcome. 


Apply in person or b
 mail to the 
Director of '\Jursing. 


YORK 
CENTRAL 
HOSPITAI.A 


RICHMO!\D HILL 
ONTARIO 
NEW STAFF RESIDENCE 


66 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



 

 
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UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
Invites applications for Faculty 
Appointments in: 
-PSYCHIATRIC 
NURSING 
-MEDICAL-SURGICAL 
NURSING 
-OBSTETRICAL 
NURSING 


in the four-yeor basic degree program. 
Effective dote of employmenf July, 1968. 
Salaries in accord with University of AI. 
berfa salary schedule and commensurafe 
wifh qualificafions and experience. Mos. 
fer's degree or higher preferred. 


APPLY TO: 
Ruth E. McClure, Director 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA 
Edmonton, Alberta 


ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
Of NURSING 


Applications are invited for the 
above position in a fully ac- 
credited 163-bed General Hos- 
pital in beautiful Northern On- 
tario. 


Desirable qualifications should 
include B.S.N. Degree with ex- 
perience in supervision. 


For further information, 
Write to: 


Director of Nursing 


KIRKLAND and DISTRICT HOSPITAL 


Kirkland Lake, Ontario. 


SUNNYBROOK 
HOSPIT AL 


REGISTERED NURSES 


General Duty Nurses on rotating 
shifts are needed as part of the 
re-organization of Sunnybrook as 
a university teaching hospital. 
Employment in our Nursing Ser- 
vices Department includes: 


Metro Toronto Salary Scale 
Accommodation at reduced 
rates. Full range of fringe 
benefits 


Three weeks vacation after 
1 year 


- Good location 
subway on 
grounds. 


bus from 
to hospital 


For additional information, 
please write: 
Director of Personnel 
and Public Relations, 


SUNNYBROOK HOSPITAL 


2075 Bayview Avenue 
Toronto 12, Ontario 


DECEMBER 1967 



THE ONTARIO HOSPITAL. LONDON 


requires immediately 


REGISTERED NURSES 
and 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


For 800 bed progressive psychiatric hospital. Occupancy of new patient care facilities expected by late fall 
or early new year. Excellent opportunities for advancement within the planned expansion programme. 


QUALIFICA nONS: 
Reaistration in the crovince of Ontario. 


SALARY: R.N. $5,250.00 - $6,000.00 annually. Maximum salary increased to $6,300.00 January 1, 1968. 
Salary differential for recent experience and post-basic nursing preparation. 
R.N.A. $4,383.00 - $4,759.00 annually. 


BENEFITS: Sick leave credits, vocation credits, excellent pension plan, subsidized health and life insurance 
plans, annual salary increments. 


@ 


ONTARIO 
PROVINCE OF OPPORTUNITY 


Please apply to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
THE ONTARIO HOSPITAL 
LONDON, ONTARIO 
or call 455-5110 - extension 212 for an appointment 



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GENERAL STAFF NURSES 


Applications are invited from 
REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


required for 


REGINA GENERAL HOSPITAL 


For full time, 40 hour week, Rotation Duty. 
One Weekend off Duty every three weeks. 
Vacancies in Medical, Surgical, Obstetric, 
Paediatric, Operating Room, Intensive Care 
and Emergency Unit. Active Inservice and 
Orientation programs as well as excellent 
personnel policies and fringe benefits. 


openings in all departments 
including new Intensive Care Unit 


STARTING SALARY $401 
Recognition Given For Experience 
Progressive Personnel Policies 


Director of Nursing 


Apply: 


TORONTO EAST GENERAL 
AND ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL 


Toronto 13, Ontario 


Personnel Department 
REGINA GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Regina, Saskatchewan 


DECEMBER 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 67 



REGISTERED NURSES 


required for 


B2-bed hospital. Situafed in the Niagora 
Peninsula. Transporfation assisfance. 


For salary rafes and personnel policies, 


apply to: 
Director of Nursing 


HALDIMAND WAR MEMORIAL 
HOSPITAL 


Dunnville, Ontario 


222 BED GENERAL HOSPITAL 


requires 


STAFF NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


Cornwall is nofed for ifs summer ond 
winter sport oreas, and is on hour and a 
half from both Montreal and Ottowa. 
Progressive personnel policies include 4 
weeks vacafion. Experience and posf-basic 
certificafes are recognized. 


Apply to: 
Ass't. Director of Nursing 
(Service) 
CORNWALL GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Cornwall, Ontario 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 


ST. THOMAS.ElGIN GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Requires 


CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR (Medical) 


Annual enrollmenf of 50 sfudenfs. 
B.Sc.N. preferred. University Diplomo oc. 
cepfable. Sa lory commensurafe wifh quo. 
lifications and experience. 


Apply: 
Director of Nursing 
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
St. Thomas, Onto 


68 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


SUPERVISOR OF NURSING 


requirecI by 


QUEENS GENERAL HOSPITAL 
LIVERPOOL, NOVA SCOTIA 
(55-bed capacify) 


It is preferred that the applicant have a 
diploma and experience in nursing service 
adminisfration. 
Salary commensurate with qualificafions 
and experience. 


For further particulars apply to: 


Superintendent 
QUEENS GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Liverpool, Nova Scotia 


A REGISTERED NURSE 
BILINGUAL 


Required for a Supervisory Position in a 
modern BO-bed hospital expanding fo 
150 beds. Locafed in fhe Easfern Town- 
ships, an allroclive, dynamic community 
50 miles soufh of MonfreaL Posfgraduate 
froining in Supervision on asset. Salary 
in accordance wifh Quebec Hospital In- 
surance Service. 


Write to: 


Director of Nursing 
BROME-MISSISQUOI-PERKINS 
HOSPITAL 
Cowansville, Quebec 


PETERBOROUGH CIVIC HOSPITAL 


School of Nursing requires 


INSTRUCTRESS (Nursing Arts) 
INSTRUCTRESS (Medical-Surgical Area) 


New self-confained educafian building for 
school of nursing now open. 
Trent University is sifuafed in Peferborough 


For further information write to: 


Director of Nursing 
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC 
HOSPIT AL 
Peterborough, Ontario 


ST. JOSEPH'S REGIONAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
LONDON, ONTARIO 


announces 


FACULTY POSITIONS 


For 0 fwo yeor programme 
(1) Curriculum Co-ordinator 
(2) Regisfrar 
(3) Teachers in Nursing, Science, 
Medical, Surgical, Pediafric 
and Psychiafric Nursing. 
Enquiries ore invited from qualified per- 
sons. 


Apply to: 
The Director 
ST. JOSEPH'S REGIONAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
London, Ontario 


BE THE NURSE OF TOMORROW TODAY! 
ON BEAUTIFUL GALVESTON ISLAND 


THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS 
HOSPITALS 
AT GALVESTON, TEXAS 
A planned pre-Service Education Program 
A Continuation Education Program 
Unit Management System Operating in all 
Hospítals 
A Clinical Area Supervisor of In-Service 
Education for DB and Medicine oreas. 
liberal Personnel Policies. 
STAFF NURSE SALARIES 
$514-$650, based on background of experi- 
ence and education. $60 differential for 
nigths or two-shift rotation. $90 differen- 
tial for evenings or three-shift rotation. 
Positions in Psychiatry, Pediatrics, OB-Gyn 
Medicine, Surgery, Operating Room. Recovery 
Room and Clinical Study Center. 
Write to: 
DIRECTOR OF RECRUITMENT 
UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS 
HOSPITALS 
Galveston, Texas 77550 
WE ARE AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY 
EMPLOYER 


CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS 


requirecI 


with preparofion and experience Eligible 
for B. C. Registrotion. Medical, Surgical 
and Paediatric areas. 


Sfudent enrollment - 200 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 


Victoria, B. C. 


DECEMBER 1967 



ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH 


ONTARIO HOSPITAL, .WHITBY 


PUBLIC 


HEALTH 


NURSE 


SALARY: $7,500 to $8,600 
$7,800 to $9,000 
(EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 1968) 


An interesting position is open on the Alcoholic Research Unit at the Ontario Hospital, Whitby. 
As a member of an interdisciplinary team, the incumbent of this position would establish liai- 
son with relatives, public health agencies, industry and organizations to assist in the promotion 
and development of a programme for alcoholics within the community. Travelling would be 
limited to vicinity and an automobile would be required. 


Registered nurses with a certificate in Public Health Nursing and three years of experience in 
the field of Public Health are invited to apply to: 


(î) 


ONTARIO 
PROVINCE OF OPPORTUNITY 


PERSONNEL OFFICER 
ONTARIO HOSPITAL 
WHITBY 


NURSES 


EXECUTIVE AND GENERAL DUTY STAFF 
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Victoria Hospital - london, Ontario 


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OPPORTUNITIES 


THE SCARBOROUGH 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Unlimifed challenge fo progress wifhin 0 modern, 1,000 bed teoch. 
ing hospifal, affiliafed wifh The University of Western Onforio, 
(situafed in fhe heart of Soufhwesfern Ontario.) Wide choice of 
specialfies includes:- 
MEDICINE 
OBSTETRICS 
OPERATING ROOM 
INTENSIVE CARE UNIT 
DIALYSIS UNIT 


SURGERY 
PAEDIATRICS 
RECOVERY ROOM 
CORONARY CARE UNIT 
PSYCHIATRY 


Invites applications from General Duty Nurses. Excellenf personnel 
policies. An acfive ond sfimulating In-Service Educafion and 
Orienfafion Programme. A modern Managemenf Training Pro. 
gramme to assisf the career.minded nUrse to assume managerial 
posifions. Salory is commensurote with experience and obilify. We 
encourage you to toke advantage of the opporfunifies offered in 
this new and expanding teaching hospifal with ifs extended ser- 
vices in Paediafrics, Orfhopaedics, Psychiafry, Cardiology, Plostic 
Surgery, Operofing Room, Emergency, and Intravenous Theropy. 


BENEFITS 


-Top sala,ies and personnel policies 
-40-hour work week 
-28 days vacation, execulive nursing personnel 
-21 days vacation, general duly staff 
-18 days sick leave 
FOR FURTHER DET AtLS WRITE TO: 
Director of Nursing 
VICTORIA HOSPITAL 
london - Ontario 


For further information write to: 
Director of Nursing 
Scarborough General Hospital 
Scarborough 
Metropolitan Toronto, Ontario 


DECEMBER 1967 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 69 



THE HOSPITAL 


FOR 


SICK CHILDREN 


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OFFERS: 


1. Satisfying experience 


2. Stimulating and friendly en- 
vironment. 


3. Orientation and In-Service 
Education Program. 


4. Sound Personnel Policies. 


5. Liberal vacation. 


APPLICATIONS FOR REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS INVITED. 


For detailed information 
please write to: 


The Assistant Director 
of Nursing 
AUXILIARY STAFF 


555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Ontario, Canada 


70 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 


HOSPITAL - 
Newly expanded 350-bed hospital. Progressive patient core con- 
cept. 


SALARY - 
General Staff Nurses (Currently Registered in Ontario) $400.00 - 
$480. - 5-increments. 
Registered Nursing Assistants (Currently Registered in Ontario) 
$295.00 - $331.00, - 3 increments. 


HOUSING - 
Furnished apartments available at subsidized rates. 


JOB SATISFACTION - 
High quality patient care and friendly working environment. We 
appreciate our personnel and encourage their professional develop- 
ment. 


You are invited to enquire concerning employment opportunities to: 
Director of Nursing 


HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 


200 Church Street, Weston, Ontario 
Telephone 249-8111 (Toronto) 


CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Requires 


Registered General Duty Nurses 
AND 
Certified Nursing Aides 
(Registered Nursing Assistants) 


This is a modern, 1,000-bed hospital including a new 200-bed conval- 
escent-rehabilitation section. 
Benefits include pension plan, sick leave, plus a liberal vacation policy. 
REGISTERED NURSES SALARY: 1967 $380 - 450 
1968 $405 - 485 
with recognition for experience and post-graduate preparation. 
CERTIFIED NURSING AIDES SALARY: $260 - 300 plus shift differential for 
evening and night duty. 


Apply to: 


Personnel Assistant 


CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL 


841 Centre Avenue East, Calgary, Alberta 


DECEMBER 1967 



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THE UNIVERSITY OF 
ALBERT A HOSPITAL 


is accepting applications from 
Registered Nurse Candidates for 
a 6 month course in Operating 
Room Technique and Manage- 
ment. 
The class will commence March 
4, 1968. 


For further information apply to : 
The Director of Nursing 


THE UNIVERSITY OF 
ALBERTA HOSPITAL 


Edmonton, Alberta. 


DIRECTOR OF 
NURSING 
EDUCA TION 


Fully accredited hospital school 
of 70 students located in Colo- 
rado. J.C.A.H. Accredited Gen- 
eral Hospital with expansion 
plans. Position open for imme- 
diate appointment. Master's De- 
gree required. Salary Commen- 
surate with qualifications, start- 
ing in the range of $12,000. to 
$15,000 per annum. Excellent 
personnel policies, benefits and 
working conditions. Located at 
the foot of Pikes Peak with many 
cultural, recreational and educa- 
tional opportunities. 


Apply: 
Kenneth S. Meredith 
FACHA 
Executive Director 
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 
COLORADO SPRINGS 
Colorado 80901 


DECEMBFR 1967 


ST. 


CLAIR 


COLLEGE 


REQU I RES A 


HEAD 


OF 


SERVICES 


HEALTH 


THE POSITION - 0 new office created to adminisfer a wide variety of proposed vocational- 
ly orienfed courses connecfed with the Paramedical field - Health Services Field - e.g. 
Medicol Laborofory Technology, Nurses Training, X-Ray Technologist, Public Health. 
THE SUCCESSFUL APPLICANT - will reporf fo the Dean of Arfs ond Science - will be asked 
fo develop and administer courses such as those listed above with the guidance ond 
assistance of locol authorities in the corresponding occupations. 
- should have several yeors of field and/or teaching experience in on occupofion os- 
sociated with the Health Science field. - will be asked fo feach same classes in one of 
fhe obove areas. - should have proven obilify fo work compatibly with people, to 
organize and fo administer. 


EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS - M.A., M.D., or Ph.D. in one of fhe Biological Sciences, or 
Health Service field. 


SALARY RANGE - Open fo negotiation and competifive with equivalenf positions in fhe 
medical and industrial fields. 


ST. CLAIR COLLEGE is a young, dynamic and rapidly growing educational organization, de- 
voted to assisfing young people fo prepare fhemselves both socially and vocationally 
for the complex world which fhey are enfering as adulfs. We invife you fo assist us in 
this exciting and challenging venfure. 


Enquiries should be addressed to, or phone: 
DR. R. C. QUITTENTON, President 
ST. CLAIR COLLEGE OF APPLIED ARTS AND TECHNOLOGY 
TALBOT RD., WINDSOR, ONTARIO. 966-1656 


BELLEVILLE 
GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 


Located in Ontario's Summer Resort 
Area with easy access by rail or 
Road to major cities and U.S.A. 


OPERATINC ROOM SUPERVISOR 


A new hospital being completed this year will increase the existing 
bed capacity to 450. An operating room complex incorporating auto- 
mated systems for equipment and material supply will lead the way in 
modern hospital operation. 
SALARY: Commensurate with preparation and experience with annual 
merit increments. Excellent personnel policies. Generous vacation allow- 
ance and sick bene its. 


CONTACT: 


Director of Nursing Service 


BELLEVILLE CENERAL HOSPITAL 
Belleville, Ontario 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 71 



OPERATING ROOM 
SUPERVISOR 


Postgraduate trained. 


For 61-bed well-equipped 
hospital. 


Apply: 


Administrator 


WILLETT HOSPITAL 


Paris, Ontario 


CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR 


FOR OPERATING 
ROOM 


required by 


ROYAL COLUMBIAN 
HOSPITAL 
School of Nursing 
New Westminster 
British Columbia 


For further information contact: 


Director of Nursing 


DIRECTOR 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 


Applkatipns are invifed for the above 
position in an ultra-modern School of 
Nursing locafed in South Western On- 
tario. 


Annual enrollment of 50 sfudenfs. 


Tw
Plus-One progrom commencing Sep- 
tember, 1968. 


Minimum requiremenf B.Sc.N wifh 
several years experience. 


Apply: 
Chairman 
Board of Nursing Education 
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
St. Thomas, Ontario 


72 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 
COOKSVlllE, ONTARIO 


REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSIST ANTS 


For all Departments ond a new Psych i- 
otric wing. 
Subsidized employee benefifs and good 
personnel policies in effect. 
Modern, furnished apartmenfs available. 


For information and application, 
please write to: 
Director of Nursing 
SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 
Cooksville, Ontario 


REGISTERED NURSES 


required 


For modern lOOO-bed accredifed hospifal. 
Excellent advancement opportunifies. 
Wide range of services provided in 
Surgery, Medicine, Emergency, Infensive 
Care, Chronic, Maternity, Psychiafric, Or- 
thopaedic, etc. Excellent wages and be- 
nefits program including 10 sfatufory 
holidays. 


I I 


Please apply to: 
Personnel Department 
HENDERSON GENERAL 
HOSPIT AL 
Hamilton, Ontario 


RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL 
OF OTTAWA 


A new, air-conditioned 340-bed hospifal. 
Applications are called for Nurses for fhe 
positions of: 


ASSISTANT HEAD NURSES, 
GENERAL STAFF NURSES 


and 


REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSIST ANTS 


Address all enquiries to' 
Director of Nursing 
RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL 
OF OTTAWA 
1967 Riverside Drive, 
Ottawa, Ontario 


WILSON MEMORIAL 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


requires 


REGISTERED NURSES FOR 
GENERAL DUTY 
REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 


20-bed hospital. Situated in a thriving 
Northwestern Onfario communify. 
Room and board provided. 


For full particulars, 
Write to: 
Director of Nursing 
Marathon, Ontario 


I 


COUNTY OF HALTON 
Public Health Nurses 


Required Immediately 


Salary Range $5,350 - $6,550. 
Increasing 5% Jçm. 1, 1968. 
(Allowance made for Experience) 
Hospital-Medical and Pension 
Plans available. 


Apply: 
Personnel Officer 
COUNTY OF HALTON 
BASE LINE 
Milton, Ontario 


INSTRUCTOR 


. 


JEFFERY HALE'S HOSPITAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
1250 ST-FOY ROAD 
QUEBEC 6, P.Q. 


DECEMBER 1967 



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UNIVERSITY 
OF ALBERTA 
HOSPITAL 


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EDMONTON, ALBERT A, 
CANADA 



 


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A 1,200 bed teaching hospital, with a School of Nursing of 450 students A rapidly expanding Medical 
Center, situated on a growing University Campus. 


NURSING OFFERS 


For more information write to: 
Director of Nursing 


* Excellenf Pofient Care Facilities 


* Planned Orienfation Progromme 
* In Service Education Programme 
* Organized programme to provide op' 
portunifies for Team leaders, leader. 
ship Responsibility 
* Opportunifies for Professional develop- 
ment in O.R., Coronary Core, Cardiac 
Surgery, Renal Dialysis, Neurosurgery, 
ond Rehabilitation 


BENEFITS 


UNIVERSITY 
OF ALBERTA 
HOSPITAL 


* Salary scaled to qualification and ex. 
perience 


Edmonton, Alberta 
Canada 


* Liberal personnel policies 


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ROYAL ALEXANDRA HOSPITAL 
Edmonton, Alberta. 


Acfive treatmenf hospital complex of 1,013 beds, includes: Active 
Treatment Povilion of Medico I, Surgical, Infensive Care Units - 
(29 beds), Central Service, Operafing Rooms, Post-Operative Reco- 
very Room, Ouf-Pafient Deportmenfs, Women's Povilion ond Child- 
ren's Pavilion. 


Orientation and inservice program for 011 sfaff. Experience 
and post-groduate preparation recognized in accordance with 
negotiated salary ogreemenlS. 
Interested in applicafions for all services: 
Supervisors, Head Nurses, General Staff Nurses, Clinical In- 
structors for School of Nursing, Cerfified Nursing Aides. 


Please submit your complete resum
 to: 
Personnel Department, 
ROYAL ALEXANDRA HOSPITAL, 
EDMONTON, ALBERTA. 


DECEMBER 1967 


VERMONT 
BECKONS 
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Newly merged 
Medical Center Hospital of Vermont 
offers career growth, time for fun. 


M.uy Fletcher and DeGoesbriand Memorioll Hospitals olre now 
merged into.. 750-bed teaching hospital adjacent to the University of 
Vermont with teaching programs in Nursing, Medicine and Allied 
Health Sciences. Continuous In-Service pro!(rams with planned 
orientation. Six major ski areas within 50 miles. Be!(innin!( stolff 
nurses earn $6000 to $7280. 
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I Personnel Office, Dept. 412 I 
: Medical Center Hospital of Vermont I 
I Burlington, Vermont 05401 I 
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 73 



What does 
Methodist Hospital 
have to offer me? 


At the Methodist Hospital, where research is a part 
of progress, a nursing career takes on new horizons - 
rich in meaning and professional satisfaction. 
If you're looking for the chance to be the nurse 
you've always dreamed of - coming to the world 
famous Methodist Hospital can be an adventure - 
almost like stepping into the future - splendid 
facilities, 50 much advance equipment and 
everywhere the newest medical and patient care 
techniques are in use. 
Some of the best aspects of nursing at METHODIST 
are as Old as medicine itself - there is a spirit of 
kindness and consideration, and emphasis on patient 
care, that make this a hospital where nursing is 
satisfying and rewarding, day by day. 
Methodist Hospital is right in the center of the world's 
great Medical, Research and Educational complexes. 
HOUSTON is an exciting city - rodeo and opera, 
pro-football and the famous Alley Theatre, water SPOTtS 
and beaches an hour or less away, the Houston 
Symphony and the Astrodome! 


A Few Quick Facts: We're affiliated with Baylor 
University College of Medicine and associated with 
Texas Woman's University College of Nursing. 
New $9Y2 million Cardiovascular and Orthopedic 
Research Center will open soon. Our Inservice 
Education Department gives you thorough 
orientation, and continued instruction in new 
concepts and techniques. You'll find every 
encouragement to broaden your skills, 
including tuition assistance in obtaining 
further education in nursing. 


. 


Send for Your Colorful Informative Illustrated 
Brochure. . . to learn about Methodist HosPital, 
Houston, positions available, salary and employment 
benefits, tuition allowance, complimentary room 
accommodation and our Nurse Specialist Programs 
Write. call or send coupon, Director of Personnel, 
The Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, 
Houston, Texas 77025 


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I Director of Personnel, THE METHODIST HOSPITAL, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77025 I 
I Please send me your brochure about nursing opportunities at THE METHODIST HOSPITAL-Texas Medical Center I 
I I 
I Name I \ 
I Address I 
I I 
I City State Zip Code I 
L_____________________________________ 


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HOSPITAL: 
A newly expanded 257 bed 
care concepts as a 12-bed 
24-bed self care unif. 


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MAIMONIDES HOSPITAL 
AND HOME FOR THE AGED 


AN OPPORTUNITy.... 
A CHALLENGE.... 
A NEW EXPERIENCE.... 


hospita I with such progressive 
LC.U., 22-bed psychiafric and 


IDEAL LOCATION: 
45 minufes from downfown Toronfo, 15-30 minutes from ex- 
cellent summer and winter resort areas. 
SALARIES: 
Regisfered Nurses: $400.00 - $480.00 per monfh. 
Regisfered Nursing Assisfanfs: $295.00 - $331.00 per month. 
FURNISHED APARTMENTS: 
Swimming pool, tennis courts, etc. (see above) 
OTHER BENEFITS: 
Medical and hospital insurance, gro'Jp life insurance, pension 
pion, 40 hour week. 
Please address all enquiries to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL 


596 Davis Drive 
Newmarket, Ontario 


SUPERVISORS, STAFF NURSES, NURSING 
ASSISTANTS, INSTRUCTORS, PSYCHIATRIC 
NURSE: 


We invite you to join the nursing staff of New Mai- 
monides. 


LIBERAL VACATION 
PENSION PLANS . 
MENSURATE WITH 


. . HEALTH AND 
. SALARIES COM- 
RECOGNIZED SCALES 


Apply to: 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


5795 Caldwell Avenue 
Montreal 29, Quebec 


DECEMBER 1967 


74 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



there 


200,000 


are 


over 


m 0 r e 


who need your help! 


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REGISTERED NURSES e PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES 
CERTIFIED NURSING ASSISTANTS 
Have you considered a Career with the... 
Indian Health Services of MEDICAL SERVICES 
DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE 


for further information write to: MEDICAL SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE, OTTAWA, CANADA 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 
WOODSTOCK 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Woodstock, Ontario 


will require 


TEACHERS - JULY I 1968 


For the approved two year curri- 
culum with a third year of expe- 
rience in nursing service (50 stu- 
dents enrolled annually). 
QUALIFICATIONS: University pre- 
paration in Nursing Education. 
SALARY: Commensurate with ex- 
perience and education. 


Apply to: 


Director 
School of Nursing 


WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Woodstock, Ontario 


DECEMBER 1967 


THE LORRAIN 
SCHOOL of NURSING 


PEMBROKE, ONTARIO 


requires 


TEACHERS 


for a Two plus One Programme 
which commenced in September, 
1967. 
Well-equipped, modern School of 
Nursing opened in 1961. 
Qualifications: University prepa- 
ration required. 
Salary commensurate with pre- 
paration and experience. 


Apply to: 


The Director 


LORRAIN SCHOOL OF NURSING 
201 Deacon St. 
Pembroke, Ontario 


AJAX AND 
PICKERING 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


AJAX, ONTARIO 
127 Beds 


Nursing the patient as an indi- 
vidual. Vacancies, General Duty 
R.N.'s and Registered Nursing 
Assistants for all areas, Full time 
and part time. Salaries as in Me- 
tro Toronto. Consideration for ex- 
perience and education. Excellent 
fringe benefits. Residence accom- 
modation, single rooms, House- 
keeping privileges. 


Apply to: 


NURSING OFFICE PERSONNEL 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 75 



WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 


Requires 


GENERAL STAFF NURSES 


All Departments 


Apply: 


Director of Nursing 
WOODSTOCK GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 
Woodstock, Ontario 


McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL 


requires 


Regisfered Nurses for General Staff. The 
hospifal is friendly and progressive. 
It is now in the beginning stages of a 
$3,500,000 program of expansion and 
renovation. 


- Openings in all services. 
- Proximify to lokehead 
enSUres apporfunity for 
education. 


University 
furfhering 


For full particulars write to: 
Director 
of Nursing Service 
McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL, 
Fort William, Ontario. 


REGISTERED NURSES 


For new 100-bed General Hospital in the 
beginning stages of an expansion pro- 
gram, located on 1he beautiful lake of the 
Woods. Three hours' travel time from 
Winnipeg wifh good fransportation avail- 
able. Wide variety of summer and win- 
ter sporfs - swimming, boafing, fishing, 
golfing, skoting, curling, tobogganing, 
skiing. 
Salary: $415 with allowance for experi- 
ence. Residence available. Good per- 
sonnel policies. 


Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 
KENORA GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Kenora, Ontario 


76 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


PORT COLBORNE 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 


PORT COlBORNE, ONTARIO 


STAFF NURSES 


required 


For 166-bed hospital within easy driving 
distance of American and Canadian me. 
tropoliton centres. Consideration given for 
previous experience obtained in Canada. 
Completely furnished oparfment-style resi- 
dence, including balcony and swimming 
pool facing lake, adjacent to hospital. 


Apply: 
Director of Nursing 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Port Colborne,Ontario 


REGISTERED NURSES 


Qualified or Interested in Qualifying for 
Employment in Intensive Cardiac Care Unit 


GENERAL STAFF NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSIST ANTS 


Modern 395-bed, fully accredited General 
Hospital with School of Nursing. 
Excellent personnel policies, O.H.A. pen- 
sion plan. 
Pleasant, progressive, industrial cify of 
23,000. 


Apply: 
Personnel Officer 
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
St. Thomas, Ontario 


ST. JOSEPHrS HOSPITAL 


lONDON, ONTARIO 


Teaching Hospital, 600 beds, new facilities 


requires: 


REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 


For further information apply: 


The Director of Nursing 
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 
London, Ontario 


THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL 
QUEEN SQUARE, W.C.1, and 
MAIDA VALE HOSPITAL, 
W.9. 


lONDON 
(POST-GRADUATE TEACH I NG 
HOSPITALS) 
NEUROLOGY AND 
NEUROSURGERY 
These unique hospifals of infernafional 
repufe offer fo Regisfered Nurses:- 
I} One year course - badge and cerfi- 
ficate aworded. 
2) Operating Theatre experience. Mini- 
mum period of oppointmenf, four 
monfhs. 
3} General duties on medical and sur- 
gical wards, occasional vacancy at 
Convalescent Hospifal (near Hamp- 
sfead Heath), minimum periods of ap- 
poinfmenf two monfhs. 
Considerafion given fo Nurses wishing to 
fake exfended holidays. 
This branch of nursing has a special ap- 
peal to fhose inferested in reseorch and 
the humanifarian aspecf of nursing. 
Further particulars may be 
obtained from: 
Matron 
THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL 
Queen Square, London, W.C.1 
England 


DIRECTOR OF 
NURSING 


For 65-bed general hospital in 
southern New Brunswick town 
within 1 hour drive from Saint 
John, Moncton, Fredericton, Fun- 
dy Park, Poley Mountain ski 
area. 


Salary for R.N. with Bacc. de- 
gree is: $5.736 to $6,972 per 
annum, in accordance with 
amount of experience. 5% anni- 
versary increases. 
Employment to commence Jan- 
uary 1, 1968. 


For complete particulars apply to: 


Administrator 


KINGS COUNTY MEMORIAL 
HOSPITAL 


Sussex, N.B. 


DECEMBER 1961 



PALO ALTO-STANFORD 
HOSPITAL CENTER 


Located on the beautiful campus of Sta nford University in Palo Alto, California. 


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One of the nation's formost teaching hospitals invites you to work and learn on the San 
Franscisco Peninsula. Enjoy California weather in one of the most stimulating cultural and 
recreational environments in the U.S.A. 


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For additional in/ormation- 
NAME: .. 
ADDRESS: 
CiTy:.... 
SERVICE DESIRED: 
Return to: PALO ALTO-STANFORD HOSPITAL CENTER 
Personnel Department 300 Pasteur Drive 
Palo Alto, California 


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- 


. 
-- 


STATE: 


ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL 


TORONTO, ONTARIO 


REGISTERED NURSES 
and 
REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 


700-bed fully accredited hospital provides 
experience in Operafing Room, Recovery 
Room, Intensive Care Unif, Pediafrics 
Orfhopedics, Psychiafry, General Surgery 
and Medicine. 
Orienfafian and Acfive Inservice program 
for all staff. 


Salary is commensurafe wifh preparafion 
and experience. 
Benefifs include Canada Pension Plan, 
Hospifal Pension Plan, Group Life Insu- 
rance. After 3 months, cumulafive sick 
leave - Ontario Hospifal Insurance _ 
50% payment by hospifal. 
Rotating Periods of dufy - 40 hour week, 
8 statutory holidays - annual vacafion 
3 weeks offer one year. 


Apply: 


Assistant Director of 
Nursing Service 


ST. JOSEPHrS HOSPITAL 


30 The Oueensway 
Toronto 3, Ontario 


DECEMBER 1967 


ONTARIO SOCIETY 
FOR 
CRIPPLED CHILDREN 


requITes 
. Camp Directors 
. General Staff Nurses 
. Registered Nursing Assistants 
for 
FIVE SUMMER CAMPS 
located near 
OTTAWA COLLINGWOOD 
LONDON - PORT COLBORNE 
KIRKLAND LAKE 


Applicofions are invifed from nurses in- 
terested in the rehabilifation of physically 
handicapped children. Preference given fo 
CAMP DIRECTOR applicants hoving super- 
visory experience and to NURSING ap- 
plicanfs wifh paediafric experience. 


Apply in writing to: 
Miss HELEN WALLACE, Reg. N. r 
Supervisor of Camps, 
350 Rumsey Road, 
Toronto 17, Ontario 


NURSING 
SUPERINTENDENT 
SALARY TO $8,220 


Required for a 295-bed T.B. insfitution in 
the City of Edmonton. This individual will 
be directly responsible fo fhe Medical Su- 
perinfendent for the overall administration 
of the hospifal's nursing program. Appli. 
cants must have a B.Sc. in Nursing and 
be eligible for regisfrafion in the A.A.R.N. 
Several years experience are required, 
SOme of which must be in a responsible 
adminisfrative capacity. Applicants should 
apply 10: the Medicol Superinfendent, 
Aberhart Memoriol Sanaforium, Edmon- 
ton, Alberfa, quofing Compefition No. 
DPH 7/67. Compefition Closes December 
20, 1967. 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 77 



I I 


UNITED STATES 


UNITED STATES 


TEAM LEADER opportunities in North Miami. The 
newly expanded 372-bed North Miami General 
Hospital needs evening and night Registered Nurse 
team leaders for its Medical-Surgical Units. Salaries 
are $652-$678 per month depending upon experience. 
North Miami General is a fully accredited five 
year old hospital with I iberal fringe benefits and 
a continuing education program for Registered Nurses. 
For a descriptive brochure and hospital policies 
write: North Miami General Hospital, North Miami, 
Florida. J. Larry Sims, Administrative Assistant. An 
equal apportunity employer. 15- lO-2A 


STAFF NURSES: Ta wark in Extended Care or Tuber- 
culosis Unit. Live in lovely suburban Cleveland in 
2.bedroom house for $55 a month including all 
utilities. Modern salary and excellent fringe benefits. 
Write Director of Nursing Service, 4310 Richmond 
Rood, Cleveland, Ohio. 15-36 1 F 


STAFF NURSES - Here is the opportunity to further 
develop your professional skills and knawledge in our 
I,COO-bed medical center. We have liberal personnel 
policies with premiums for evening and nigh. tours. 
Our nurses' residence, located in the midst of 33 
cultural and educational institutions, offers low-cost 
housing odiacent to the Hospitals. Write for our booklet 
on nursing opportunities. Feel free to tell us what type 
position you are seeking. Write: Director of Nursing. 
Room 600, University Hospitals of Cleveland, University 
Circle, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 15-36-IG 


Registered Nun. (Scenic Oregon vacation play- 
ground, skiing, swimming, boating & cultural 
events) for 295-bed teaching unit on campus of 
University of Oregon medical schaal. Salary storts 
at $575. Pay differential for nights and evenings. 
liberal policy for advancement, vacations, sick 
leave, holidays. Apply: Multnomah Hospital, Port. 
land. Oregon. 97201. 15-38- I 


ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 


MONTREAL, QUEBEC 


POSTGRADUATE COURSES 


1. 


(a) Six month clinical course in Obstetrical Nursing. 
Classes - September and March. 
(b) Two month clinical course in Gynecological Nursing. 
Classes following the six month course in Obstetrical 
Nursing. 
(c) Twelve week course in Care of the Premature infant. 


2. 


Six month course in Operating Room Technique. 
Classes - September and March. 


3. 


Six month course in Theory and Practice in Psychiatric 
Nursing. 
Classes - September and March. 


For information and details of the courses, apply to: 


DIRECTOR OF NURSING 


ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 


Montreal, P.Q. 


78 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


UNIVERSITY OF 
BRITISH COLUMBIA 


School of Nursing 


DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC 
NURSING 
DEGREE COURSE FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 


Both of these courses lead to the 
B.S.N. degree. Graduates are pre- 
pared for public health as well as 
hO'spital nursing positions. 


DIPLOMA COURSES FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 


I. Public Health Nursing. 
2. Administration of Hospital 
Nursing Units. 
3. Psychiatric Nursing. 


For information write to: 
The Director 


SCHOOL OF NURSING 
UNIVERSITY OF H.C. 


Vancouver 8, B.C. 


THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL 
QUEEN SQUAREr LONDON 
W.C.I., ENGLAND 
(NEUROLOGY and 
NEU ROSU RGERY) 
POST-GRADUATE 
NURSING EDUCATION 


One year courses are open to 
graduates of accredited Schools 
of Nursing with good education- 
al background. 
Three months academic teaching 
in the School of Nursing under 
guidance of Sister Tutor assisted 
by teaching Staff of Senior Neu- 
rologists and Neurosurgeons. 
Eight months Clinical experience. 
Five weeks vacation. 
Certificate and badge of the Hos- 
pital awarded to successful Stu- 
dents. 
Full graduate salary paid 
throughout the year. 
This work has a special appeal 
to nurses interested in research 
and the humanitarian aspect of 
Nursing. 
FOR PROSPECTUS APPLY TO THE 
MATRON 


DECEMBER 1967 



THE ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH 


ANNOUNCES A VACANCY A T THE 
ONTARIO HOSPIT ALr SOUTH PORCUPINE 
FOR A 
NURSINC INSTRUCTOR 


SALARY $6,300 $7,200 
$6,700 $7,600 
EFFECTIVE January 1, 1968 
$6,600 - $7,500 
$7,000 - $7,900 


(without B. Sc. N. degree) 
(with B. Sc. N. degree) 


(without B. Sc. N. degree) 
(with B. Sc. N. degree) 


DUTIES: 
To give instruction in psychiatric nursing to Hospital Aids and Attendants in the Departmental Training Course. 
To participate in the planning of the instruction programme, determine instruction methods, present lectures, 
observe and counsel students. 


QUALIFICATIONS: 
Registration as a Nurse in Ontario and a post-graduate certificate in nursing education from a university of 
recognized standing or completion of at least a 1 year course at university level which includes the principles 
for teaching or the B. Sc. N. degree. Preferably at least 1 year's experience as a graduate nurse. 
Qualified personnel of the Department of Health are invited to apply for this position by submitting their 
applications (Form CS.1) through their Personnel Officer, or Business Administrator to: 


@ 


ONTARIO 
PROVINCE OF OPPORTUNITY 


DIRECTOR OF PERSONNEL AND ORGANIZATION 
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH 
PARLIAMENT BUILDINGS, TORONTO 5, ONTARIO 


DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 


DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC NURSING - (B.N.) 
An integrated program extending over four calendar years is of. 
fered to condidotes with Senior Matriculation and prepores fhe stu- 
dent for nursing practices in the community and hospitals_ 


DEGREE COURSE FOR REGISTERED NURSES - (B.N.) 
A program extending over three academic years is offered to Re- 
gistered Nurses who wish fo obtain 0 Bachelor of Nursing degree. 
The course includes studies in the humanities, sciences, ond a 
nursing specialty. 


DIPLOMA COURSES FOR REGISTERED NURSES - 
1 YEAR 
(1) Nursing Service Adminisfration 
(2) Public Health Nursing 
(3) Teaching in Schools of Nursing 
DIPLOMA COURSE FOR REGISTERED NURSES - 
2 YEARS 
Outpost Nursing Course extending over fwo calendar years and 
leoding to a Diploma in Public Health Nursing and a Diploma in 
Outpost Nursing. 
For further information apply to: 
Director, School of Nursing 
DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 
Halifax, N.S. 


DECEMBER 1967 


UNIVERSITY OF WINDSOR 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 


FACULTY APPOINTMENTS 


Due to changes in the program offerings in this 
School, new faculty positions are being created. A 
planned reorganization of all curricula will be imple- 
mented, and applications are invited from qualified 
faculty who are interested in assisting in the reor- 
ganization of the program. 
Applicants should have a Master's degree and be 
prepared to teach nursing at the university level. A 
doctorate is preferred. 
Academic rank will be in accordance with academic 
qualifications and professional experience. 
Salaries in this School of Nursing are in accordance 
with the university scale. Date of appointment will 
be during the summer 1967. 


Please write to: 
Miss F. M. Roach, Director, 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 


University of Windsor, 
Ontario 


THE CANADIAN NURSE 79 



NURSES 


Get Up and GI) to 
COOK COUNTY HOSPITAL 
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A. 


..0 
00 



;- 
"0<'" 
'1- '1-0 


\<;,,-0 
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'- 

 fV. v.
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\,\E'/..\C O crt" 
\,\E'/..\CO 
where you can earn from 
$570 00 TO $845 00 A MONTH 
If you are a Registered Nurse, you can earn 
from $570.00 to $845.00 per month at one 
of the finest medical centers in the world, lo- 
cated in the heart of Chicago - the nation's 
transportation hub. You will: work with a pro- 
gressive staff, using the most modern equip- 
ment and employing the very latest techniques 
· enjoy modern living quarters at moderate 
rates . have paid vacations, holidays and sick 
leave. Travel relocation loans are available 
(interest free). 
For more information about us why not mail 
the attached coupon today. 


Personnel Manager 
Cook County School of Nursing 
1900 West Polk Street 
Chicago, Illinois 60612 U.S.A. 
Yes, I am Interested in hearing more about employment at 
Cook County Hospital. Please send me the following: 
o Specially equipped Burn Unit 
o Newly established Trauma Unit 
o Adults and Children's Cardiology 
o Medical Surgical Specialties 
o Neuro.surgery 
o Medical Research 
o Pediatrics 
o Obstetrics 
o Other Interests 


CNJI 


NAM F 


Address 


City 


Country 


DECEMBER 1967 


80 THE CANADIAN NURSE 


Index 
to 
advertisers 
December 1967 


Abbott Laboratories Limited 
Ames Company of Canada Limited 
Boehringer Ingelheim Products 
Canadian Sugar Institute 
Clinic Shoemakers 
Facelle Company Limited 
Foster Parents' Plan 
Lakeside Laboratories (Canada) Ltd. 
Lewis-Howe Company (Turns) 
C.V. Mosby Company, Ltd. 
Parke, Davis & Co. Limited 
J.T. Posey Co. 
Reeves Company 
W.B. Saunders Company 
Sterilon of Canada Limited ... 
United Surgical Corporation 
White Sister Uniform Inc. 
Winley-Morris Company, Ltd. 
Winthrop Laboratories 


Advertising 
Manager 
Ruth H. Baumel, 
The Canadian Nurse 
50 The Driveway, 
Ottawa 4, Ontario 
Advertising Representatives 
Richard P. Wilson, 
219 East Lancaster Avenue, 
Ardmore, Penna. 19003 
Vanco Publications, 
170 The Dooway West, 
Suite 408, Don Mills, Ont. 
Member of Canadian 
Circulation Audit Board Inc 


Cover III 
13, 26 
23 
15 
1 
21 
5 
11 
54 
2 
17 
52 
20 
8 
25 
53 


.. Cover II 


7, 54 
Cover IV 


GÐ:J 



'0 


INDEX TO VOLUME SIXTY-THREE 


JANUARY-DECEMBER 1967 


The 
Canadian 
Nurse 


Official Journal of the Canadian Nurses' Association 



A 


ABorD, Viola 1\1. 
Biog., (port), 22 (Apr) 
ABOU-YOUSSEF, Enaam 
Biog., (port), 19 (Mar) 
ABT, Mary 
Bk. rev., 51 (lul) 


ACCESSION LIST 
see Canadian Nurses' Association 
Library. Accession list. 


ACCIDENT PREVENTION 
Hazardous fashion, 23 (Jun) 


ACKMAN, Douglas 
Anomalies and infection of genitourinary 
tract, 44 (Oct) 


ADA:\I, Evelyn 
Bk. rev, 51 (Jul) 
ADDICTIONS 
Care of patients addicted to non-narcotic 
drugs, (Epp), 42 (Mar) 
Drug dependency research expensive luxury 
or necessary commodity? (Paulus), 36 
(Mar) 
New hospital to treat addictions, 15 (May) 
Use of narcotics in addict therapy. (Halli- 
day), 39 (Mar) 
ADOLESCENTS 
Adolescents in hospital, (Lussier-Gauthier), 
43 (Aug) 


AISH, Arlene 
Biog., 18 (Ian) 
Bk. rev., 50 (Oct) 
ALBERTA ASSOCIATION OF 
REGISTERED NURSES 
"Largest ever" convention for Alberta 
nurses, 12 (Jul) 
Lethbridge sister to lead Alberta nurses, 
17 (JuJ) 
ALCOHOLISM 
Alcoholism problems probed by nurses, 15 
(Apr) 
ALLAN, Pamela 
Bk. rev., 53 (Aug) 
Bk. rev., 51 (Sep) 
ALLEN, Moyra 
Bk. rev., 53 (Oct) 
ALLERGIES 
Environmental medicine: new field, 12 
(JuJ) 
AMERICAN COLLEGE OF 
HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATORS 
Nurses speak at hospital administrators' 
meeting, 7 (Mar) 


AMERICAN DIETETICS 
ASSOCIATION 
Holds fiftieth anniversary meeting in Chi- 
cago, 12 (Oct) 
AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 
Supports nursing salary raise, 16 (Mar) 


II 


ANESTHESIA 
Children and anesthesia. (Kingsley), 26 
(Oct) 


ANN MARIE, Sister 
Lethbridge sister to lead Alberta nurses, 17 
(Jul) 
ARCHIVES 
Additions to CNA Archives, 7 (Oct) 
Gifts to archives, 10 (Mar) 
Psychiatric museum opens at St. Michael- 
Archange Hospital, 17 (Aug) 
\RNSTEIN, :\largaret G. 
Biog., 17 (Jan) 
\RPIN, Kathleen 
A study to identify differences, on selected 
factors. (abs!), 51 (Mar) 


ARSENE, Mildred Joan 
Award, 22 (Apr) 
ASHWORTH, Irene 
Biog.. (port), 18 (Mar) 
ASSOCIATION OF CANADIAN 
MEDICAL COLLEGES 
Nurses represented at meeting, 15 (Nov) 


ASSOCIATION OF CATHOLIC 
NURSES OF CANADA 
Catholic nurses meet, 12 (peb) 


ASSOCIATION OF NURSES OF 
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND 
Holds 46th annual meeting. 10 (Dec) 
PEl nur
es raises association fees, J 2 (Dec) 


ASSOCIATION OF NURSES OF 
THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC 
Controversy among Montreal's english- 
speaking nurses, 10 (Jan) 
New formula for CNA fees submitted by 
ANPQ, 7 (Nov) 
Refresher courses in Quebec, 12 (Jun) 
Staff nurses discuss work setting, 19 (Jul) 


ASSOCIATION OF REGISTERED 
NURSES OF NEWFOUNDLAND 
Bursaries, 19 (J an) 
Newfoundland seminar, 8 (Jan) 
"Nursing today" Theme of ARNN annual 
meeting, 12 (Jul) 
ATKINSON, C. Albert 
Community psychiatric nursing (VanKam- 
pen), 3 I (J un) 
ATTITUDES 
Attitudes of nurses to nursing (Costello). 
42 (Jun) 
AUTOMATION 
Automation will be "A fact of life," 14 
(Jun) 
Computerized patient, 27 (Sep) 
New electronic system aims to decrease 
hospital costs, 18 (Nov) 
AUXILIARY WORKERS 
The child care worker in psychiatry, (Lin- 
dabury), 42 (May) 
School for orderlies opens in Alberta, 8 
(Sep) 


AWARDS 
Alberta nurse first recipient of K.E. Mac- 
Laggan fellowship. 19 (Sep) 
B.C. alters policy on National Health 
Grants, 18 (Nov) 
Baccalaureate awards in '68?, 12 Clan) 
CNF has back to wall. 9 (Dec) 
CNF Scholarships awarded, 7 (Aug) 
CNF scholarship to commemorate Dr. 
Katherine MacLaggan, 10 (Dec) 
The Canadian Nurse award to be discon- 
tinued, 10 (Nov) 
Cogswell Memorial Scholarship, 22 (Apr) 
Distinguished achievement in nursing edu- 
cation, Katherine E. Mac'Laggan, 24 
(Jul) 
Dublin-born nurse to study in Canada. 7 
(Jan) 
Everett, Muriel E., 17 (Jan) 
Facts about registered nurses in Canada - 
financial assistance, 14 (May) 
Florence Nightingale Medal, to Miss Alice 
M. Girard, 25 (JuJ) 
Gander Chapter of the ARNN, 19 (Jan) 
Health and welfare publications received 
PR awards, 22 (Jul) 
Leclair. Victorine. 18 (Dec) 
Macmillan Award winner for 1966. 8 
(Apr) 
Memorial scholarship for Katherine Mac- 
Laggan, 16 (Aug) 
Montreal Neurological Hospital announces 
new scholarship, 10 (Oct) 
Muriel Archibald Scholarship, 19 (Jan) 
NBARN awards scholarships, 12 (Dec) 
New Brunswick students award bursary, 
14 (May) 
Nova Scotia nursing students provide new 
scholarship, 7 (Oct) 
Nursing leader on committee to choose 
outstanding Civil Servant for 1967, 10 
(Oct) 
Nursing scholarship to honor Dorothy 
Percy, 14 (Jun) 
Order of St. John, 8 (Jan) 
Pitts. Edna, 19 (Jan) 
RCAMC bursary announced, 17 (JuJ) 
Red Cross Bursary for Ontario RN, 9 
(Apr) 
Saskatchewan Registered Nurses' Associa- 
tion, 19 (J an) 
Thorne, Anne D, NBARN bursary, 22 
(Nov) 
To Ontario students, Joanne Fyle, Sharon 
Hanna, Elizabeth Latimer, Nancy Mc- 
I1wraith, 18 (Mar) 
University of Sherbrooke receives grant, 
14 (May) 
Winners fly to Easter Island, 16 (peb) 


B 


BAILEY, A. Joyce 
Biog., (port), 16 (J an) 
BAKER, Phy\1is H. 
Biog., (port). 15 (Oct) 
BANISTER, Philip 
Biog., 19 (J an) 
BANNATYNE, Judy 
Biog., 18 (Jan) 




ARIBEAU, Pierrette 
A study of expressed attitudes of Lamaze 
fathers toward labor and delivery expe- 
rience, (abst), 52 (Mar) 



ARTLETT, Glen W. 
Biog., (port), 22 (Apr) 
JAYCROFT, Joan 
Bk. rev., 51 (Sep) 
JEAl\IISH, Rahno M. 
I Biog., (port), 22 (Nov) 
JEAUDRY-JOH
SON, Nicole 
Biog., (port), 15 (Oct) 


JELL, Frances E. 
A study of programs in selected schools of 
nursing, (abst), 52 (Mar) 


JELL, Irene 1\1. 
Biog., 19 (Dec) 
JELL, Whilhelmina 
Bk. rev., 55 (Mar) 
Biog., (port), 18 (Mar) 


JERGl\IAN, Rebecca 
From communication to coordination. 34 
(Apr) 
HRTH CONTROL 
Conception control in family planning, 
(Dawson), 37 (Dec) 
Contraceptive practices past and present, 
(Milton). 29 (Oct) 
Is it worth it?, 23 (Aug) 
India's project number one, (Marson), 45 
(Nov) 
Ortho sponsors symposium on sex educa- 
tion, 15 (Sep) 

LACK, D. 
Project bed rest, (Dahl, Smith, Fowle, 
Hutchison. Graham). 50 (Jan) 

LACK, Isabel 
Public health project in Ontario, 38 (Jun) 
:LANCHET, Jean 
Estrogen and the menopause, 38 (Feb) 
;LEEDING 
Epistaxis, 37 (Sep) 

LOOD AND BLOOD DISEASES 
Hemophilia (Petitclerc), 36 Oul) 
The nurse and the hemophiliac patient, 
(Drapeau), 38 (Jul) 
JLI.:"E, Janette 
Biog., (port), 20 (Sep) 
JOISVERT, Cecile 
Intensive care unit in cardiovascular sur- 
gery, 36 (Jan) 
;OOK REVIEWS 
American Hospital Association, Rehabilita- 
tion services in hospitals and related fa- 
cilities, 45 (May) 
American Nurses' Association, ANA cli- 
nical sessions, 1966, 52 (Aug), 56 (Nov) 
Anderson, Helen C., (Newton), Geriatric 
nursing, 51 (Feb) 


Anthony, Catherine Parker, Basic concepts 
in anatomy and physiology, 53 (Jan) 
Anthony. Catherine Parker, Textbook of 
anatomy and physiology. 53 (Dec) 
Babcock. Dorothy Ellen, Introduction to 
growth, development and family life, 56 
(Mar) 
Bailey, W. Robert, (Scott), Diagnostic mi- 
crobiology. 54 (Nov) 
Binger, Carl, The two faces of medicine. 
52 (Nov) 
Boeker, Elizabeth H. (ed), (Donahue) The 
nursing clinics of North America. 52 
(Aug) 
Bogert, L. Jean, (Briggs, Calloway) Nutri- 
tion and physical fitness, 45 (May) 
Brewer, John I., (Molbo, Gerbie) Gyneco- 
logic nursing. 53 (Mar) 
Bridges, Daisy. History of the International 
Council of nurses, 50 (Dec) 
Briggs, George M., (Bogert. Calloway) Nu- 
trition and physical fitness, 45 (May) 
Broadribb, Violet, Foundations of pedia- 
tric nursing, 56 (Nov) 
Brown Ann M., Practical nutrition for 
nurses, 48 (Jun) 
Bullough, Bonnie, (Bullough). Issues in 
nursing, 56 (Nov) 
Bullough, Vern, (Bullough), Issues in nurs- 
ing. 56 (Nov) 
Cairney, John, The human body, a survey 
of structure and function, 52 (Feb) 
Calloway, Doris Howes, (Briggs. Bogert) 
Nutrition and physical fitness, 45 (May) 
Campbell, Donald, (Norris), A nurse's 
guide to anaesthetics, resuscitation and 
intensive care, 55 (Nov) 
Canada. Dept. of National Health & Wel- 
fare, A bibliography and reference guide 
for occupational health nurses. 55 (Nov) 
Canadian Nurses' Association CNA and 
you, 12 (May) 
Canadian Nurses' Association, Guidelines 
for the construction of educational fa- 
cilities for nursing programs, 10 (N ov) 
Canadian Nurses' Association. Guidelines 
for the development of programs of 
universities leading to a baccalaureate 
degree in nursing, 8 (Nov) 
Canadian Nurses' Association, Guiding 
principles for the development of pro- 
grams in educational institutions leading 
to a diploma in nursing, 7 (lan) 
Cobb, M. Marguerite, (Leahy), Fundamen- 
tals of public health nursing. 51 (Feb) 
Davis, Phyllis E., (Hershelman). Medical 
dictation and transcription, 52 (Oct) 
Davis, Phyllis E., (Smith), Medical termi- 
nology, 55 (Nov) 
Dean, W.E., (Farrar, Zoldos) Basic con- 
cepts of anatomy and physiology. 45 
(May) 
Deck, Edith S.. (Folta) A sociologic frame- 
work for patient care, 48 (Apr) 
Dc Myer, Marian K., (Tilton) Annotated 
bibliography on childhood schizophrenia, 
55 (Jan) 
Dent. Dorothy M.. Self-help, Parkinson's 
disease, 2 I (Sep) 
DeYoung, Lillian, The foundations of 
nursing, 46 (Jun) 


Dickens, Margaret L., Fluid and electro- 
lyte balance, 51 (Oct) 
Dienhart. Charlotte M.. Basic human ana- 
tomy and physiology. 50 (Dec) 
Donahue, Jane C. (ed). (Boeker), The 
nursing clinics of North America, v. 2, 
no. I, 53 (Aug) 
Dubiny, Mary Jane, (Fitch), The Macmil- 
I.m dictionary for practical and vocation- 
al nurses, 54 (Nov) 
Eddy, Ann, (Hammar) Nursing care of the 
adolescent, 53 (Mar) 
Edmunds, Vincent (Scorer) ed. Ethical re- 
sponsibility in medicine; a Christian 
approach. 51 (Dec) 
Elinson. Jack (Padilla. Perkins), Public 
image of mental health services, 50 
(Dec) 
Farrar, G.E., (Dean, Zoldos) Basic con- 
cepts of anatomy and physiology, 45 
(May) 
Fitch, Grace E., (Dubiny), The Macmillan 
dictionary for practical and vocational 
nurses, 54 (Nov) 
Fivars, Grace, (Gosnell), Nursing evalua- 
tion: The problem and process, 51 (Sep) 
Folta, Jeannette R., (Deck) A sociological 
framework for patient care, 48 (Apr) 
Fox, David J., Fundamentals of research 
in nursing, 53 (Jan) 
French, Ruth M., Nurses' guide to diagnos- 
tic procedures, 51 (Jul) 
Garb. Solomon, Laboratory tests in com- 
mon use, 48 (Apr) 
Gerbie, Albert 8.. (Brewer, Molbo) Gyne- 
cologic nursing. 53 (Mar) 
Gibson, John, Psychiatry for nurses. 51 
(Peb) 
Gosnell, Doris, (Fivars), Nursing evalua- 
tion: The problem and process, 51 (Sep) 
Gragg, Shirley Hawke, {McClain) Scientific 
principles in nursing, 52 (Aug) 
Greenler Dison, Norma, An atlas of nurs- 
ing techniques, 51 (Sep) 
Griffith, John R., Taking the hospital to 
the patient, home care for the small 
community, 46 (Jun) 
Hallas, Charles H., The care and training 
of the mentally subnormal, 49 (Oct) 
Hammar, S.L. (Eddy) Nursing care of the 
adolescent, 53 (Mar) 
Heckel. Robert V., (Jordan), Psychology; 
the nurse and the patient, 49 (Oct) 
Hershelman, Nancy V., (Davis), Medical 
dictation and transcription, 52 (Oct) 
Hirshberg, AI, (Turpin), Vietnam doctor; 
the story of Project Concern, 49 (Oct) 
Holliday, Jane, Public health nursing for 
the sick at home, 52 (Nov) 
Hurst, Willis J., (Logue), The heart, arte- 
ries and veins, 50 (Oct) 
Jackson, Q.M., A handbook of pedriatrics 
for nurses in general training, 55 (Nov) 
Johnston, Dorothy F., History and trends 
of practical nursing. 53 (Feb) 
Jordan, Rose M., (Heckel), Psychology; 
the nurse and the patient, 49 (Oct) 
Kalafatich, Audrey J., Pediatric nursing, 
53 (J an) 
Kallins, Ethel L., Textbook of public 
health nursing, 52 (Jul) 


III 



Karnosh, Louis J., (Mereness), Essentials 
of psychiatric nursing, 7th ed., 51 (luJ) 
Kasirer, Eve, (ed), What's what for child- 
ren, 52 (Jul) 
Krenzel, Judith R. (Rohrer), Paraplegic 
and quadriplegic individuals. 53 (Dec) 
Kron, Thora. Communication in nursing, 
52 (Nov) 
Laycock, S.R., (Munro) Educational psy- 
chology, 57 (Mar) 
Leahy. Kathleen M., (Cobb), Fundamen- 
tals of public health nursing, 51 (Feb) 
Lerch, Constance, (Wagner), Workbook for 
gynecologic nursing, 50 (Oct) 
Logue, Bruce R.. (Hurst), The heart. arte- 
ries and veins, 50 (Oct) 
McClain, Esther M., Simplified arithmetic 
for nurses, 5 I (Jul) 
McClain, Esther M., (Gragg) Scientific 
principles in nursing, 52 (Aug) 
McGhie, Andrew, Psychology as applied 
to nursing, 47 (May) 
Maternity care in the world, International 
survey of midwifery, practice and train- 
ing, 54 (Mar) 
Maxwell, Harold, Migraine, 55 (Mar) 
Mereness, Dorothy, (Karnosh), Essentials 
of psychiatric nursing, 7th ed., 51 (lul) 
Metheny, Norma Milligan, (Snively), 
Nurses' handbook of fluid balance, 51 
(Sep) 
Modell, Walter, Drugs in current use 1967, 
50 (Apr) 
Molbo, Doris M., (Brewer, Gerbie) Gyne- 
cologic nursing, 53 (Mar) 
Moss, Arthur B., (et aJ) Hospital policy 
decisions: process and action, 47 (Jun) 
Munro, B.C., (Laycock) Educational psy- 
chology, 57 (Mar) 
National Commission on Community 
Health Services, Health is a community 
affair, 53 (Aug) 
National League for Nursing, Rehabilita- 
tive aspects of nursing, a programmed 
instruction series, 53 (Feb) 
Newton, Kathleen, (Anderson), Geriatric 
nursing, 51 (Feb) 
Nordmark, Madelyn T., (Rohweder), Scien- 
tific foundations of nursing, 49 (Oct) 
Norris, Walter, (Campbell), A nurse's guide 
to anaesthetics, resuscitation and inten- 
sive care, 55 (Nov) 
Ontario Hospital Association, Metric con- 
version kit for hospitals, 14 (Nov) 
Ontario Hospital Association, There is a 
place for men in the nursing world, 18 
(May) 
Padilla, Elena (Elenson, Perkins), Public 
image of mental health services, 50 
(Dec) 
Paetznick, Marguerite, A guide for staffing 
a hospital nursing service, 53 (Aug), 5 I 
(Sep) 
Parker, Kitty S., (Straub) Continuity of 
patient care: The role of nursing, 53 
(Mar) 
Perkins, Marvin. Public image of mental 
health services. 50 (Dec) 
Price, Alice L, A handbook and charting 
manual for student nurses, 57 (Nov) 


IV 


Riddle, Janet T.E., Elementary textbook of 
anatomy and physiology applied to nurs- 
ing, 54 (Jan) 
Robinson, Marguerite E., The first fifty 
years, 10 (JuJ), 52 (Nov) 
Rohrer, Lois M., (Krenzel). Paraplegic 
and quadriplegic individuals, 53 (Dec) 
Rohweder, Anne W., (Nordmark). Scienti- 
fic foundations of nursing, 49 (Oct) 
Rosenberg, Lawrence, The story of modern 
medicine, 50 (Apr) 
Ross, Janet S., (Wilson) Foundations of 
anatomy and physiology, 46 (Jun) 
Rothberg, June S., (ed), The nursing clinics 
of North America, v. I, no. 3, 57 (Mar) 
Saskatchewan Registered Nurses' Associa- 
tion, Guide for refresher courses for in- 
active nurses, 7 (Fe b) 
Sataloff, Joseph, Hearing loss, 48 (Apr) 
Saxton. Dolores F., (Walter) Programmed 
instruction in arithmetic. dosages, and 
solutions, 46 (lun) 
Scorer. Gordon (Edmunds) ed.. Ethical re- 
sponsibility in medicine; a Christian ap- 
proach, 5 I (Dec) 
Scott, Elvyn G., (Bailey), Diagnostic mi- 
crobiology, 54 (Nov) 
Scott, Richards W., (Volkart), Medical 
care, readings in the sociology of med- 
ical institutions, 53 (Oct) 
Sears, W. Gordon. Medicine for nurses, 55 
(Mar) 
Seedor, Marie M., Therapy with oxygen 
and other gases, 52 (Aug) 
Shafer. Kathleen Newton et ai, Medical- 
surgical nursing. 52 (Dec) 
Smith, Genevieve Love. (D.wis), Medical 
terminology, 55 (Nov) 
Snively, William D., (Metheny), Nurses' 
handbook of fluid balance, 5 I (Sep) 
Stevens, Marion Keith, Personal and vo- 
cational relationships of the practical 
nurse, 48 (May) 
Straub, K. Mary, (Parker) Continuity of 
patient care: The role of nursing. 53 
(Mar) 
Tilton, James R., (DeMyer), Annotated 
bibliography on childhood schizophre- 
nia, 1955-1964, 55 (Jan) 
Trail, Ira Davis, Establishing relationships 
in psychiatric nursing, 49 (Apr) 
Tunis, Barbara Logan, In caps and gowns, 
54 (J an) 
Turner, C.E., Personal and community 
health, 51 (Dec) 
Turpin, James W., (Hirshberg), Vietnam 
doctor; the story of Project Concern, 49 
(Oct) 
Volkart, Edmund H., (Scott). Medical 
care, readings in the sociology of med- 
ical institutions, 53 (Oct) 
van den Berg, J.H., The psychology of the 
sickbed. 57 (Nov) 
WHO Expert Committee on Nursing, fifth 
report, 53 (Nov) 
Wagner, Joanne K., (Lerch), Workbook for 
gynecologic nursing, 50 (Oct) 
Walter, John F., (Saxton) Programmed 
instruction in arithmetic, dosages, and 
solutions, 46 (Jun) 
Wilson, Kathleen J.W., (Ross) Founda- 


tions of anatomy and physiology, 4f 
(l un) 
Zoldos, A.J., (Dean, Farrar) Basic con- 
cepts of anatomy and physiology, 45 
(May) 
BOOKS 
53 (lan). 51 (Feb), 53 (Mar), 48 (Apr), 45 
(May), 46 (Jun), 51 (Jul), 52 (Aug), 51 
(Sep), 49 (Oct), 52 (Nov), 50 (Dec) 
BRASIER, Stanley 
Prostheses for cancer patients, (Godfrey). 
41 (luJ) 
BRITISH COLUMBIA. UNIVERSITY. 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
Faculty appointments, 18 (lan) 
To offer masters' program, 12 (lun) 


BROUGH, Sylvia J. 
Biog., (port), 15 (Oct) 
BROWN, Louise S. 
Bk. rev., 52 (Jul) 
Effectiveness of nursing visits to primigra- 
vida mothers, 45 (J an) 
BUCHAN, Irene M. 
A study of inactive nurses In Alberta, 
Canada (abst). 51 (Mar) 


BUIST, Marilyn 
Bk. rev., 51 (Sep) 
BURKE, Barbara 
Bk. rev., 56 (Nov) 
BURKINSHA W, S. M. 
Bk. rev., 46 (lun) 
BURROWS, J. 
Bk. rev., 50 (Oct) 
BY AM, Jean 
Biog., (port), 15 (Oct) 
BYCROFT, Barbara 
Bk. rev., 49 (Apr) 


c 


CN A House see 
Canadian Nurses Association 


CAHN, C. H. 
Biog., 16 (Oct) 
CALDWELL, Marlene 
Biog., (port), 21 (May) 
CALLIN, Mona E. 
Inservice education, 32 (Aug) 


CAMPBELL, Elizabeth 
Bk. rev., 45 (May) 
CAMPBELL. Lois 
Biog., (port), 20 (Apr) 
CAMERON, Margaret Ellen 
Biog., (port), 18 (Mar) 
CANADA. DEPT. OF NATIONAL 
HEALTH AND WELFARE 
Director, Child and Maternal Health, Phi- 
lip Banister, 19 (J an) 
Director, Health Resources, W.S. Hacon, 
19 (Feb) 



Nursing adviser 10 the Deputy Minister, 
Vema M. Huffman, 20 (Sep) 
The year in review, 8 (Feb) 
CANADIAN CONFERENCE OF 
UNIVERSITY SCHOOLS OF NURSING 
Evaluation forms need evaluation, educa- 
tor points out. 15 (Jul) 
Nurses represented at Association of Ca- 
nadian Medical Colleges meeting, 15 
(Nov) 
CAN ADIAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION 
CHA opposes change in nursing education, 
8 (Au g) 
CMA-CHA-CNA Conference, 7 (Peb), 7 
(Jun), 9 (Jul), 7 Sep) 
More cooperation, 7 (Feb) 
CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 
Breakthwugh: Nurse is guest speaker at 
doctors' convention, 9 (Jul) 
CMA-CHA-CNA Conference, 7 (Feb), 7 
(Jun), 9 (Jul), 7 (Sep) 
Editorial, 3 (Aug) 
Manpower pwblems in nursing (Mussal- 
lem), 25 (Aug) 
More cooperation( 7 (Feb) 
Moves to Ottawa, 12 (Aug) 
Nurses invited as observers to CMA 
"Parliament," 10 (Aug) 


CANADIAN MENTAL HEALTH 
ASSOCIATION 
Award. 18 (Dec) 
Man and his mind, theme of CMHA con- 
gress, 13 (Sep) 
CANADIAN NURSE 
Award to be discontinued, 10 (Nov) 
Editorial assistant, Carla Penn, 16 (Jan) 
Editorial assistant, Loral A. Graham, 15 
(Oct) 
CANADIAN NURSES' ASSOCIATION 
Ad Hoc Committee on Accreditation 
meets, 8 (Apr) 
Ad Hoc Committee on National Examina- 
tions, 7 (Mar) 
Archives, 10 (Mar), 7 (Oct) 
Board of directors appwves building guide, 
10 (Nov) 
CMA-CHA-CNA Conference, 7 (peb), 7 
(Jun), 9 (Jul), 7 (Sep) 
CNA and you, 12 (May) 
CNA auxiliary meet, 7 (Mar) 
CNA Board appoints president, 7 (Apr) 
CNA House, 7 (Mar), 7 (Apr), 7 (May) 
CNA offers consultation services, 8 (May) 
CNA's Repository collection of nursing 
studies, 54 (Mar) 
Canadian nurses at Expo 67, 12 (Jan) 
Committee on Nursing Education, 7 (Mar), 
7 (May) 
Committee vacancies filled, 10 (May) 
Consultation services revised and ready, 7 
(Sep) 
A dream realized, (Pepper), 39 (Nov) 
Facts about nursing in Canada, 17 (Sep), 
50 (Oct), 50 (Nov), 48 (Dec) 
Facts about registered nurses in Canada, 
14 (Jan), 16 (Mar), 13 (Apr), 14 (May), 
17 (Jun) 


First nursing service workshop a success, 
11 (Jun) 
Fluoridation gets CNA approval, 12 (May) 
Gap narwws between Canadian and Amer- 
ican salary goals, 7 (May) 
The house that dedication built (Van 
Raalte), 44 (Nov) 
An impressive ceremony, (Fergu
on), 42 
(Nov) 
Informal course for "Instant Librarian," 8 
(Oct) 
Interest sessions planned for CNA General 
meeting, 8 (Nov) 
Library. Accession list, 56 (Jan). 55 (Fe b). 
58 (Mar), 50 (Apr), 50 (May), 49 (Jun), 
53 (Jul). 55 (Aug), 53 (Sept 55 (Oct). 
58 (Nov), 55 (Dec) 
Lobbying, (edi!.). 3 (Aug) 
More cooperation. 7 (Feb) 
New formula for CNA fees submitted by 
ANPQ, 7 (Nov) 
Nurses represented at Association of Ca- 
nadian Medical Colleges meeting, 15 
(Nov) 
Nursing consultant, higher education, Shir- 
ley Ruth Good, 18 (Aug) 
Nursing Service Committee, 7 (Aug) 
Official directory, II (Jan). 88 (Mar), 80 
(Sep) 
Official opening CNA House (Supple- 
ment), 37 (Nov) 
Publishes guide for two-year diploma pw- 
gram, 7 (Jan) 
Royal Commission on Status of Women. 
brief, 8 (May) 
Social and Economic Welfare Committee 
meeting, 9 (Apr) 
Special meeting planned for provincial reg- 
istrars, 8 (May) 
To prepare brief on labor relations, 7 
(Nov) 
To undertake examination service, 7 (Nov) 
Ups and downs of economic pwgrcss, 
(Rowsell), 26 (Nov) 
U.S. Library council invites CNA mem- 
bership, 12 (May) 
Workshops on Problem Solving, 56 (Jan), 
7 (Apr), 7 (Oct) 
CANADIAN NURSES' FOUNDATION 
Baccalaureate awards in '687, 12 (Jan) 
Editorial, (Lindabury), 3 (Oct) 
Has back to wall, 9 (Dec) 
Names officers, 10 (May) 
Scholarships awarded, 7 (Aug) 
Scholarship to commemorate Dr. Kathe- 
rine MacLaggan, It (Dec) 
SRNA gives $5,000., 17 (JuJ) 
CANADIAN PARKINSON'S 
DISEASE ASSOCIATION 
Parkinson's disease association grows, 20 
(Nov) 
CANADIAN PUBLIC HEALTH 
ASSOCIATION 
"Community health in Canada" theme for 
meeting, 8 (Jun) 
Honorary life membership, 19 (Jan) 


CANADIAN RED CROSS SOCIETY 
Red Cross Bursary for Ontario RN, 9 
(Apr) 


CANADIA
 U
IVERSITY SERVICE 
OVERSEAS 
Canadian nurses go to India, 19 (Dec) 
India's project number one, (Marson), 45 
(Nov) 
Pharmaceutical manufacturer's donate me- 
dical kits to CUSO, 15 (Dec) 


CANADIAN WELFARE COUNCIL 
Says action needed to increase health man- 
power, 10 (Jan) 


CANCER 
Current status of cancer chemotherapy 
(Henderson), 37 (Apr) 
The fight against cancer, (Mair). 44 (Apr) 
Gift helps cancer detection, 17 (Apr) 
Leukemia and Mongolism investigated. 13 
(J an) 
New method for early cancer detection, 12 
(Peb) 
Prostheses for cancer patients, (Godfrey. 
Brasier), 4) (Jul) 
Radiation therapy for skin cancer. (Mar- 
tyn), 48 (Feb) 
Regional cancer chemotherapy (Edwards), 
41 (Apr) 
Smoking dogs get cancer, 29 (lul) 
Tumors of the skin, (Fitzpatrick), 45 
(Feb) 


CARPENTER, Helen M. 
Bk. rev., 53 (Aug) 


CARR, Mary Watson 
Public health nurses form first chapter 
T-Groups, (Smith), 46 (Sep) 
CASEY, Alberta 
Bk. rev., 49 (Oct) 
CA WSTON, H. Elizabeth 
Bk. rev., 52 (Nov) 


CEREBRAL PALSY 
Impact of cerebral palsy on patient and 
family, (Hawke), 29 (Ian) 


CHAPMAN, Yvonne 
Biog., (port), 15 (Oct) 


CHATELAINE 
(No Utopia for nurses). Mollie Gillen. Jan 
1967, 21 (Mar) 


CHA TIKAN AND, Duanpen 
Biog., (port), 20 (Apr) 
CHITTICK, Mavis K. 
Biog., 19 (Dec) 
CHONG, Ah Foo 
Biog., 18 (Feb) 
CHOQUETTE-BLAIS, Nieole 
Biog., (port), 15 (Oct) 
CHRISTIE, Kay 
M. & V. for Christmas dinner, 28 (Dec) 


CHRISTMAS 
M. & V. for Christmas dinner. 28 (Dec) 
That's what we want for Christmas, (edit), 
27 (Dec) 


V 



CLARK, Norma 
Biog., (port), 18 (Jun) 


CLINICIANS 
see Specialism 


COLLECTIVE BARGAINING 
BC psychiatric nurses dispute goes to fact 
finding panel, 14 (Aug) 
BC staff representatives discuss collective 
bargaining, 15 (Jun) 
Brockville nurses certified as bargaining 
unit, 8 (Mar) 
Certification list expands. 17 (Jun) 
Chicoutimi nurses finally get contract, 16 
(Apr) 
Collective bargaining coast to coast, 9 
(Apr) 
Contract for Hamilton nurses provides 
highest public health minimum salary in 
Province, II (Sep) 
Controversy among Montreal's English- 
speaking nurses, 10 (lan) 
Five Alberta hospitals reach salary agree- 
ment, 13 (Jun) 
Halton county off greylist, 10 (Nov) 
Hamilton Civic Hospital nurses apply for 
certification, 10 (Oct) 
Keep bargaining units as large as possible, 
U.S. nurse says, 12 (Jun) 
Nurses await satisfactory negotiations with 
employers. 8 (Feb) 
P.E.I. Discusses collective bargaining, 10 
(Mar) 
Public health nurses sign contract, 10 
(Apr) 
Quebec nurses granted certification, I 1 
(Mar) 
RNAO greylist county hospital, 16 (Jul) 
RNAO reports progress in collective bar- 
gaining, 7 (Jun) 
SPIC modernizes structure, 14 (Jun) 
SRNA holds workshops on collective bar- 
gaining, 7 (Oct) 
Saskatchewan nurses attend collective bar- 
gaining workshops, 12 (Dec) 
Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry nurses 
sign contract with health unit, 13 (Aug) 
United Nurses of Montreal seek accredita- 
tion, 8 (peb) 
UNM begins work on contracts, 14 (Aug) 
Ups and downs of economic progress 
(Row'iel!), 26 (Nov) 


COLLEGE OF NURSES OF ONTARIO 
Director appointed, Joan C. MacDonald, 
23 (Nov) 
RPN's seek recognition in Ontario. 13 
(May) 
COI\IITE INTERNATIONALE 
CATHOLIQUE DES INFIRI\IIERES ET 
DES ASSIST ANTES MEDICO-SOCIA- 
LES (CICIAMS) 
Convention theme based on human suffer- 
ing, II (Aug) 


COMMUNICATIONS 
The angry sex, 29 (Jul) 
Public health nurses form first chapter T- 
Groups, (Koch Smith, Watson Carr), 46 
(Sep) 


VI 


COMMUNITY SERVICES 
Community psychiatric nursing, (Atkinson, 
VanKampen). 31 (Jun) 
Nursing in the North, 32 (Mar) 


CONFERENCES AND INSTITUTES 
Alcoholism problems probed by nurses. 15 
(Apr) 
Apply now for UWO senior seminar, 10 
(Apr) 
Association of Catholic Nurses of Canada. 
12 (Peb) 
CMA-CHA-CNA Conference, 7 (Feb). 7 
(Iun). 9 (Jul), 7 (Sep) 
Conference examines education problems, 
8 (Nov) 
Conference for editors of Nursing Jour- 
nals. 12 (Oct) 
Coronary monitoring seminar at MGH. 16 
(Dee) 
First Canadian Conference on Maternal 
and Child Health held in Ottawa, 8 
(May) 
First work conference scheduled for new 
school at Memorial University, 18 (Jul) 
Home care topic for institute, 8 (Jan) 
ICN Council of International Representa- 
tives, 16 (Feb) 
Institutes on new educational program in 
Saskatchewan, 8 (Mar) 
International Conference discusses "New 
Families," 12 (Oct) 
Man and his Mind, theme of CMHA 
Congress, 13 (Sep) 
Newfoundland seminar, 8 (Jan) 
Nurses represented at Association of Ca- 
nadian Medical Colleges meeting, 15 
(Nov) 
Nurses speak at hospital administrators' 
meeting, 7 (Mar) 
Nursing Homes Institute, 8 (Apr) 
Nursing Supervisors' Workshop (ANPQ). 
15 (May) 
One-day conference at Sarnia, 20 (Jul) 
Pediatric nursing conference, ] 3 (Mar) 
Regional Workshops, 56 (Jan), 7 (Apr), 7 
(Oct) 
Registered Nurses' Association at Nova 
Scotia to sponsor librarians' workshop, 
12 (Dec) 
Saskatchewan nurses attend colloctive bar- 
gaining workshops, 12 (Dec) 
Second symposium on drug safety, 16 
(Au g) 
Two-day conference set on rural health, 
15 (Jan) 
UWO School of nursing sponsors fifth se- 
minar, 7 (Jan) 
Work conferences for teachers and direc- 
tors of Diploma Nursing Programs, 14 
(May) 
Workshops for directors and assistant di- 
rectors, 19 (J ul) 


CONSULTANTS 
CNA consultation services, 8 (May), 7 
(Sep) 


CONTAGIOUS DISEASES 
Outbreaks of measles and scarlet fever in 
Quebec, 13 (Mar) 


CORNWALL REGIONAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
Director, Tatiana Labekovski, 18 (Feb 
Ontario Regional School approved as pro 
ject for Health Resources fund, 8 (Sep. 


COSTELLO, C. G. 
Attitudes of nurses to nursing, 42 (Jun) 
COUILLARD, Marie-Veronique 
WHO medical/surgical nurse educator a 
Niamey, Niger, 19 (Aug) 


CREDIT V ALLEY REGIONAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
Director, Oressa Hubbert, appointed direc- 
tor, 20 (Apr) 
CREELMAN, Lyle 
Canadian nurses work with WHO, 8 (Nov; 


CUMMINGS, Helen 
Bk. rev., 56 (Nov) 
CUNNINGHAM, Roberta J. 
A proposed method for evaluation of 
teaching effectiveness in schools of nurs- 
ing, (abst), 48 (Oct) 
CURRICULA 
Bell, Frances E. A study of programs in 
selected schools of nursing, (Abst), 52 
(Mar) 
CURRY, Barbara 
Biog., (port), 20 (Apr) 


D 


DAHL, L. 
Project bed rest, (Smith, Fowle, Hutchi- 
son. Graham, Black), 50 (Jan) 
DAISLEY, Alma M. 
Bursary, SRNA, 19 (Jan) 
DALE, Howard Walter 
Biog., (port), 25 (Jul) 
DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 
Dalhousie announces changes in nursing 
program, 8 (Oct) 
Outpost nursing (May), 34 (Mar) 


DATES 
23 (Jan), 21 (peb), 23 (Mar), 23 (Apr), 25 
(May), 20 (Jun), 28 (Jul), 20 (Aug), 23 
(Sep), 18 (Oct), 51 (Nov), 20 (Dec) 


DAWSON, Elaine 
Conception control in family planning, 
37 (Dec) 


DAYKIN, Irene 
Residence living - no, 31 (Nov) 


DEAFNESS 
Parents enthusiastic about hearing-test 
program, 14 (Jan) 


DEATH 
When patients die: some nursing problems, 
(Quint), 33 (Dec) 


DEJONG, Elizabeth 
Seals for patients (Johnson, Foster), 50 
(Aug) 



n{':\I.\HSII, Kathleen 
Biog.. (Port). 21 (May) 


DE:\"T. Doroth). !\I. 
Biog.. 21 (Scp) 


DE:\"TlSTRY 
Sa
1.atchew.m public health says: "Smile! 
you're on the fluoride program." 14 
(Nov) 
Tooth transplantation possible. 16 (Mar) 


DER:\IATOLOGY 
U.S. Dermatologist speaks out, 15 (Mar) 


Des'f.\RTE.\U, Doris 
B1.. rev.. 51 (Feb) 


DICKSO
, Edith MacPherson 
Biog.. 19 (Feb) 
DIER, Kathleen A. 
Bk. rev., 53 (Ian) 
DIO:\"NE, Aline 1\1. 
Biog., (port), 25 (lul) 
DIO
NE, Philippe 
Varicose veins of the lower limbs, 39 
(J an) 


DOBBIE, Barbara J. 
Biog.. 18 (lan), 19 (Dec) 


DOLPHI:\!, I\laude Irene 
Biog., 23 (May) 


DOSSETOR, J. B. 
Present status of renal transplantation, 32 
(Oct) 


DOLE, Mary Ellen 
Residence living - yes, 30 (Nov) 


DRAPEAU, Janine 
The nurse and the hemophiliac patient. 38 
(Jul) 


DRUGS 
Care of patients addicted to non-narcotic 
drugs, (Epp), 42 (Mar) 
Cobalt medications withdrawn from mar- 
ket, 15 (Mar) 
Drug dependency research expensive lu- 
xury or necessary commodity? (Paulus), 
36 (Mar) 
Drug protection for Canadians, (Ordway), 
38 (May) 
Hospital pharmacy keeps drug informa- 
tion up-to-date, 20 (JuJ) 
Narcotic treatment center, II (Apr) 
Nurse and the pharmacist-partners, (Sum- 
mers), 40 (Feb) 
Pharmaceutical firm expands, 16 (Feb) 
PMAC Head urges stronger patent laws, 
15 (Jan) 
Second symposium on drug safety, 16 
(Aug) 
Use of narcotics in addict therapy, (Halli- 
day), 39 (Mar) 


DUGAS, Beverly Marie 
Biog., 19 (Aug) 


IHJPI.TIS, Louise 
Bursary. NBARN, 19 (Jan) 


NBARN protests minister's remarks, 10 
(Aug) 
NLN affirms stand on nursing educa- 
tion, 14 (Jul) 
New baccalaureate program in BC, 12 
(Aug) 
New Brunswick nurses take important 
step in nursing education, 7 (Jan) 
New CNA publication is guide for Uni- 
versity nursing progams. 8 (Nov) 
New pamphlet describes nurses' educa- 
tion, functions, 16 (lul) 
New school and residence facilities for 
Brandon, 11 (Apr) 
Nursing education committee recom- 
mends strong controversial policies, 7 
(May) 
Nursing education in Malawi (Mona- 
ghan), 35 (Jun) 
Nursing unit administrative course re- 
cords successful year, 10 (Dec) 
One school of nursing, 11 (lun) 
Ontario universities report on health 
science programs, 15 (May) 
Opinion, (Margesson), 3 I (luJ) 
Outpost nursing (May), 34 (Mar) 
Physical facilities readied for Saskatche- 
wan regional school, 15 (May) 
Plan for nursing education presented to 
RNABC annual meeting, II (lul) 
RNANS examines shortened programs, 
11 (Jul) 
Refresher courses in Quebec, 12 (lun) 
Regional schools established in Ontario, 
13 (Aug) 
Ryerson's program studied, 12 (Aug) 
SRNA responds to Ad Hoc Committee 
report, 19 (May) 
School of nursing at Laurentian Univer- 
sity, Vivian Kirkpatrick, director, 19 
(lun) 
School of nursing entrance requirements 
changed in Ontario, 12 (Dec) 
School of nursing joins University of 
Montreal, 15 (Sep) 
Symposium on sex education for educ- 
ators and counselors, 16 (Nov) 
Three-day education workshop held for 
PEl instructors, 18 (Jul) 
Tomorrow's nursing education in Saskat- 
chewan, (Long), 30 (Apr) 
Twenty-six enrolled in RNAO's refresher 
course for nurses, 15 (Dec) 
UBC to offer master's program, 12 (Jun) 
UWO Sets 1970 Deadline for nurses to 
complete B.Sc.N., 10 (Sep) 
Unique nursing program scheduled for 
BCIT, 12 (May) 
Unit-based inservice education. (Sheahan. 
Gauthier, Sutherland), 39 (Aug) 
Winnipeg Children's Hospital closes 
schools for one year, II (Aug) 
Work conferences for teachers and direc- 
tors of Diploma Nursing Programs, 14 
(May) 


DYCHE. Elsie Ruth (Y\"ans) 
A study to explore the effect of a plan- 
ned pöeoperative nursing visit.... (abst), 
49 (Dec) 


E 


ECCLESTONE, P. 
Bk. rev., 53 (Feb) 


ECONO:\IIC AND SOCIAL SECURITY 
Facts about nursing in Canada. 50 (Nov) 
Ups and downs of economic progress, 
(Rowsell). 26 (Nov) 
Wanted - a revised Income Tax Act 
(edit). 25 (lan) 


EDUCATION 
AHA official applauds goals but disa- 
grees with method, 14 (Dec) 
After seven years, baccalaureate nurses 
earn more than teachers, 8 (Oct) 
Arpin. Kathleen, A study to identify dif- 
ferences on selected factors, (abst), 51 
(Mar) 
Bilingual health education in New Bruns- 
wick, 12 (Jun) 
Bilingual regional school for Ottawa, 10 
(Apr) 
Board of Directors approves building 
guide, 10 (Nov) 
Building program at UNB, 18 (May) 
CHA opposes change in nursing educa- 
tion, 8 (Aug) 
CNA publishes guide for two-year diplo- 
ma programs, 7 (lan) 
Can we afford small schools, 48 (Dec) 
Committee on Nursing Education, 7 
(Mar) 
Conference examines educational prob- 
lems, 8 (Nov) 
Continuing education courses for BC 
nurses, 14 (Aug) 
Cornwall Regional School of Nursing. 18 
(peb), 8 (Sep) 
Dalhousie announces changes in nursing 
program, 8 (Oct) 
Facts about nursing in Canada, 17 (Sep), 
50 (Oct), 50 (Nov), 48 (Dec) 
Facts about registered nurses in Cana- 
da, 14 (May), 17 (Sep) 
Graduates from Baccalaureate programs 
in nursing, 1963-66, 50 (Oct) 
Heenan, Mary St. Roch, Sr, Proposed 
method of evaluation of administrative 
behavior in nursing education. (abst), 
48 (Oct) 
Institutes on new educational program in 
Saskatchewan, 8 (Mar) 
Laval opens school of nursing, 9 (Apr) 
McKinnon, M. Barbara, Sister, Coordina- 
tion within the educational program 
(abst), 52 (Mar) 
Medical education research unit estab- 
lished, 8 (Jan) 
More nursing schools in Britain to wel- ELLENI\IERS, Barbara 
come male students, 15 (Nov) Biog., (port), 18 (Feb) 


EDWARDS, Pamela 
Regional cancer chemotherapy, 41 (Apr) 


VII 



rom \lW, Alice 
I. 
Florence Nightingale Medal. 25 (Jul) 
Nursing Leader on committee to choose 
outstanding Civil Servant for 1967, 10 
(Oct) 
GODARD, Jean R. 
Bk. rev.. 52 (Aug). 56 (Nov) 


GODFREY, C. 1\1. 
Prostheses for cancer patients, (Rrasier), 
41 (Iul) 


GOOD, Shirley Ruth 
Biog., (port). 18 (Aug) 
Considerations for nurse recruitment, 
31 (Dec) 


GORDO
, Dianne J. 
Bk. rev.. 52 (Oct) 


GOZALLI, Joav 
A need for approval. (Moogk), 34 (Sep) 
GRAHAM, Loral A. 
Biog., (port). 15 (Oct) 


GRAHAM,R. 
Project bed rest, (Dahl, Smith, Fowle, 
Hutchison, Black), 50 (Jan) 


GRAHAM-CUMMING, G. 
Prenatal care and infant mortality among 
Canadian Indians. 29 (Sep) 


GRIFFIN, Amy Elizabeth 
Biog., 15 (Oct) 
The improvement of the educational pre- 
paration of instructors in pre-service 
programs in nursing in Ontario, (abst), 
50 (Sep) 


GRIFFITH, Vera E. 
Biog., (port), 19 (J un) 


GRONDIN, Pierre 
Recent advances in heart surgery, 
(Meere), 32 (Ian) 


GRUNBERG, F. 
From institute to community, 26 (Jun) 


GUNN, Agnes 
Biog., (port), 10 (Iul) 
GYNECOLOGY 
Estrogen and the menopause, (Blanchet), 
38 (Feb) 
Estrogen replacement therapy at meno- 
pause, (McEwen), 34 (Feb) 
Gynecologist's claim investigated, 14 
(Feb) 
The menopause is definitely obsolete 
today, (edit), 3 (Feb) 
No Gyn on Obs!, 14 (Feb) 


H 


HACON, W. S. 
Biog., 19 (Feb) 
HALLIDAY, Robert 
Use of narcotics in addict therapy, 39 
(Mar) 


HANDIC APPED 
The handicapped at Expo 67, 8 (May) 
A n::ed for approval, (Gozali, Moogk), 
34 (Sep) 
HA
EL, Helen Jean 
Biog., (port), 18 (Feb) 
HANNA. Sharon 
Award, 18 (Mar) 
HARKER, Cassy 
Biog., 25 (Jul) 
HARRISON, MarKaret 
Biog., 18 Clan) 


HARTIG, Elisabeth E. 
Biog., (port), 16 (Oct) 


HARTY, Margaret Brown 
Biog., 24 (Jul) 


HA YES, Harriet 
Bk. rev., 49 (Oct) 


HA WKE, William A. 
Impact of cerebral palsy on patient and 
family, 29 (Jan) 


HEALTH AND HEALTH EDUCATION 
Two-day conference set on rural health, 
15 (Ian) 
World health problems, 18 (Jul) 


HEALTH MANPOWER 
Canadian Welfare Council says action 
needed to increase health manpower, 
10 (Jan) 
Manpower problems in nursing, (Mus- 
sallem), 25 (Aug) 
Three western provinces to participate in 
international health study, 16 (Dec) 
U.S. study reveals shortage of hospital 
personnel, 15 (Jan) 


HEART AND HEART DISEASES 
Coronary monitoring seminar at MGH, 
16 (Dec) 
Intensive care unit in cardiovascular 
surgery, (Boisvert), 36 (Jan) 
Kutschke, Myrtle A. The effect of the 
divisional activity of paintingby-num- 
ber on cardiac output, (abst), 49 (Dec) 
Recent advances in heart surgery, (Gron- 
din, Meere), 32 (Jan) 
HEASMAN, Frederica 
Bk. rev., 57 (Mar) 


HEENAN, Mary St. Roch, Sister 
Proposed method of evaluation of ad- 
ministrative behavior in nursing educa- 
tion, (abst), 48 (Oct) 
HENDERSON, I. W. D. 
Current status of cancer chemotherapy, 
37 (Apr) 
HENDERSON, Jane 
A study of the relationship between a 
nurses knowledge of biological prin 
ciples and her performance of a spe- 
cific technical procedure, (abst), 49 
(Dec) 


HEZEKIAH, J. H. 
Bk. rev., 52 (Aug) 
HIBBERT, Jessie 
Biog., 18 (Jan) 
HOFFINGER, Dianne J. 
Bursrlry, SRNA, 19 (Jan) 
HOLLAND, William A. 
President, OHA, 19 (Mar) 


HOME CARE 
Topic for institute, 8 (Jan) 


HORNSBY -ODOI, Miriam M. 
Biog., 18 (Feb) 


HOSPITALS 
B.G.H. receives building grant, 13 (Feb) 
Centennial homecoming program - Ot- 
tawa Civic Hospital. 17 (Aug) 
Cost of hospital services triples in past 
8 years, 22 (Jul) 
Design frees nurses to nurse, II (Apr) 
Federal contribution allows for increase 
in student enrollment, 10 (Sep) 
Grant approved for Ontario Hospital, 13 
(Mar) 
Hospital and health care - what price? 
(Maubach), 49 (Mar) 
Montreal Chinese Hospital, 47 (Sep) 
New Brunswick hospital receives grant, 
14 (Sep) 
New electronic system aims to decrease 
hospital costs, 18 (Nov) 
New salvation army hospital opens in 
Winnipeg, 15 (J ul) 
One school of nursing, II (Jun) 
Ontario hospital receives grant, 13 (Jan) 
Operation Hospital SuppHes, 16 (Feb) 
Special children's unit successful; new 
unit opens, 19 (Jul) 
A very important place bed, 20 (Oct) 


HOSPIT AL WORLD 
New editor, Valerie O'Connor, 19 (peb) 


HOWARD, Frances 
Bk. rev., 54 (Mar), 53 (Nov) 
Nursing service workshop held on west 
coast, 18 (I ul) 


HUBBERT, Mary Oressa 
Biog., (port), 20 (Apr) 
The contribution of nursing personnel in 
an interdisciplinary approach to the 
care of the aged in a particular institu- 
tion, (abst), 50 (Sep) 
HUFFMAN, Edythe 
Biog., 18 (Jan) 
HUFFMAN, Verna M. 
Biog., (port), 20 (Sep) 
HUHTANEN, Annikki 
Biog., 17 (J an) 
HUMAN RELATIONS 
Manipulation in a nurse-patient relation- 
ship (Okkenhaug), 46 (Aug) 
When patients die: some nursing prob- 
lems, (Quint), 33 (Dee) 


IX 



HU
TER, ;\Iargaret 
SI. John Ambulance course requires 
nurse volunteers, 12 (Nov) 


HrTCHISOX J. 
Project bed rest. (Dahl, Smith, Fowle. 
Graham. Black), 50 (Jan) 


HYKA WY, Elaine 
A problem-solving approach. 35 (Aug) 


I 


IDEA EXCHANGE 
41 (Jun), 33 (Sep). 47 (Oct) 


Il\I !\I.\C l' LA T A, Sister 
B\... rev.. 5 I (Dec) 


HI ì\IUNIZATION 
Campaign against measles, 9 (Apr) 
The changing voice of protest, 48 (Aug) 
Immunity declines, 47 (Apr) 
Immunity test for German measles, 13 
(J an) 
Live Sabin polio vaccine replaces Salk 
in B.c., 16 (Nov) 
New vaccination regulations. 14 (Mar) 
Vaccine race, 21 (Mar) 


IN A CAPSULE 
23 (Feb), 21 (Mar), 47 (Apr), 23 (Jun). 
29 (JuJ), 23 (Aug), 27 (Sep), 20 (Oct), 
24 (Dec) 


INACTIVE NURSES 
Buchan, Irene M., A study of inactive 
nurses in Alberta. Canada. ... (ab
t). 51 
(Mar) 


INFANTS 
Home care of Ravi - premature infant 
(Pandya), 33 (Nov) 
Parents enthusiastic about hearing-test 
program, 14 (Jan) 
Prenatal care and infant mortality among 
Canadian Indians (Graham-Cumming), 
29 (Sep) 
INFECTION 
Hospital infection kit part 2, now avail- 
able, 14 (Mar) 


L'INFIRMIERE CAN ADIENNE 
Appointment of Ramona Paplauskas- 
Ramunas, 18 (Feb) 
Editorial staff, Mrs. Nicole Beaudry- 
Johnson, 15 (Oct) 
Editorial staff, Mrs. Nicole Choquette- 
Blais, 15 (Oct) 


INHALA TION THERAPY 
A problem-solving approach (Hykawy), 
35 (Aug) 
INSERVICE EDUCATION 
Inservice education (CalIin), 32 (Aug) 
A problem-solving approach (Hykawy), 35 
(Aug) 
Guidelines for an inservice education 
program (Tiffney), (abst), 45 (Jun) 
Should be personalized, 14 (Dec
 


x 


Unit-based inservice education (Gauthier. 
Sheahan, Sutherland), 39 (Aug) 


I
Sl'RANCE, HEALTH 
New immigrants protected against hospital 
bills. 13 (I an) 
Quebec extends outpatient services, 14 
(Aug) 
INTENSIVE CARE 
Editorial, 3 (May) 
Institute on intensive care nursing, 19 
(Sep) 
Intensive care nursing course, 15 (May) 
Intensive care unit in cardiovascular sur- 
gery (Boisvert), 36 (J an) 
Medical intensive care (Staples). 31 (May) 


INTERAGENCY COUNCIL ON 
LIBRARY TOOLS FOR NURSING 
Invites CNA membership, 12 (May) 


INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL 
OF NURSES 
Announces vacancies on Executive staff. 
17 (Sep) 
Committee of experts meets to discuss 
ICN magazine, 9 (Jul) 
Congress symbol, 7 (Aug) 
Council of international representatives, 
16 (pcb), 7 (Aug) 
ICN leaders view Montreal Congress fa- 
cilities, 9 (Dec) 
ICN Magazine. New
letter get new for- 
mats, 9 (Dec) 
Quinn, Sheila, new executive director, 18 
(Aug) 
Resignation of executive director of ICN, 
Helen Nussbaum. 18 (Aug) 
Visit of Sheila Quinn to Canada, 18 (Dec) 


INTERN.\TIONAL Nt:"RSING REVIEW 
Acting editor. LeIla Raymond. 19 (Feb) 
Committee of experts meets to discuss 
ICN magazine. 9 (JuJ) 


IRWIN, Ethel R. 
Biog., 19 (J an) 


J 


JAENEN, Norma 
Biog., 18 (Jan) 


JARDINE, Verna 
Bursary, NBARN, 19 (Jan) 
JOHNSON, Elizabeth 
Seals for patients (dejong, Foster), 50 
(Aug) 
JOHNSON, Sybil 
Wadhams' outpost nursing station. 28 
(May) 
JOHNSTONE, Kathleen 
Bk. rev., 48 (May) 


JOINER, Nell 
Bk. rev., 53 (Jan) 
JONES, Phyllis E. 
Editorial, 25 (Jun) 


K 


KELLOGG FOIJNDATIOl\" 
Gives grant to WHO, 17 (Jun) 
KERR, Margaret E. 
Bk. rev.. 50 (Dec) 


KING, Floris E. 
Biog., (port), 18 (Jun) 
KINGSLEY, NanC)' 
Children and anesthesia, 26 (Oct) 
KIRKPATRICK, Vivian 
Biog., 19 (Jun) 


KLAIl\IAN, R. Roslyn 
Bk. rev., 51 (Oct) 
Programmed instruction - can we use 
it? 44 (JuJ) 
KNAPIK, Teresa 
Serves in Africa, 8 (Ian). 18 (Aug) 
KNELSEN, Marie 
Biog., 18 (Jan) 


KOZIER, Barbara Blackwood 
Biog., 23 (May) 
KUNDERl\IAN, Eleanor 
Biog., 18 (Jun) 


KrTSCHKE, Myrtle A. 
The effect of the diversional aChvlly of 
painting-by-number on cardiac output. 
(abst). 49 (Dec) 


L 


LABEKOVSKI, Tatiana 
Biog.. (port), 18 (Feb) 
LABOR UNIONS 
CNA to prepare brief on labor relations, 
7 (Nov) 
Ups and downs of economic progress 
(Rowsell), 26 (Nov) 


LAIRD, P. 
Bk. rev., 52 (Nov) 


LAMONT, Helene M. 
Biog., (port), 18 (Dec) 
LA TIMER, Elizabeth 
Award, 18 (Mar) 


LAURENTIAN l'NIVERSITY 
Director, School of Nursing. Vivian Kirk- 
patrick, 19 (Jun) 


LAUZE, S. 
A tropical disease - in Quebec. 44 
(May) 
LAVAL UNIVERSITY 
Opens school of nursing, 9 (Apr) 


LA WSON, F. S. 
The Saskatchewan plan, 27 (Jun) 


LAYCOCK, S.H. 
Bk. rev., 50 (Dec) 



.ECLAIR, Victorine 
Biog., (port), 18 (Dec) 
Æ DREW, Donna 
ARNN bursary, 19 (Jan) 


JEE, Margaret N. 
Bk. rev., 48 (Apr) 
Preferences for university teaching as the 
career goal, (abst), 45 (Jun) 


JeFEUVRE, H. 
Bk. rev., 57 (Nov) 



ENNIE, Clara May 
A study of student achievement in an 
Alberta hospital school of nursing, 
(abst), 51 (Mar) 


.ETOURNEAU, !\Iarguerite, Sister 
Preparing brief to University of Calgary, 
24 (J ul) 
ÆTTERS 
4 (Jan), 4 (Feb), 4 (Mar), 4 (Apr), 4 
(May), 4 (Jun), 4 (Jul), 4 (Aug), 4 
(Sep), 4 (Oct), 4 (No v), 4 (Dec) 


JIBRARIES 
"Instant Librarians," 8 (Apr), 8 (Oct) 
Registered Nurses' Association of Nova 
Scotia to sponsor librarians' workshop, 
12 (Dec) 
School of nursing librarians meet in 
Toronto, 20 (Jul) 


.Il\10GES, Thérèse 
Homosexuality among women, (Ran- 
court), 42 (Dec) 


JINDABURY, Virginia A. 
Canadian Nurses Foundation (editorial), 
3 (Oct) 
The child care worker in psychiatry, 42 
(May) 
National Testing Service, (editorial), 3 
(Nov) 
Psychiatric nurses, (edit), 25 (Oct) 
That's what we want for Christmas, 
(edit), 27 (Dec) 


.IPTON, Helen 
Biog., (port), 20 (Sep) 


.IVINGSTON, M. Christine (port) 
Order of S1. John investiture, 8 (lan) 


.OBBYING 
Editorial, 3 (Aug) 


.ONG, Linda 
Tomorrow's nursing education in Saskat- 
chewan, 30 (Apr) 


_UCIEN DE JESUS, Sister 
Biog., (port), 20 (Sep) 


JUSSIER, Rita J. 
Nursing coordinator at Expo '67, 16 (Jan) 


JUSSIER-GAUTHIER, Henriette 
Adolescents in hospital, 43 (Aug) 


LYONS, S. 
Bk. rev., 53 (Mar) 
LYONS, Walter 
Expectation - its role in nursing home 
care, 47 (Dec) 


M 


McCREARY -Jl'HASZ, Anne 
Sex knowledge of prospective teachers 
and graduate nurses, 48 (Jul) 
MacDONALD, Janet 
Nursing care in renal transplantation, 35 
(Oct) 
MacDONALD, Joan C. 
Biog., (port), 23 (Nov) 
'HacDONALD, M.I\I. 
Bk. rev., 53 (Dec) 
MacDONALD, Margaret E. 
Biog., 19 (Mar) 
McDIARMID, Norma I. 
John - a victim of maternal depriva- 
tion, 43 (Sep) 
McEWEN, Donald C. 
Estrogen replacement therapy at meno- 
pause, 34 (Feb) 
MclLWRAITH, Nancy 
Award, 18 (Mar) 
MciNTOSH, Margaret 
Bk. rev., 52 (Nov) 
'lcKENZIE, Janet Alison 
Biog., 20 (Sep) 
McKINNON, M. Barbara, Sister 
Coordination within the educational 
program, (abst), 52 (Mar) 
MacLAGGAN, Katherine E, 
Award for distinguished achievement in 
nursing education, 24 (Jul) 
Bk. rev., 53 (Mar) 
CNF scholarship to commemorate, 10 
(Dee) 
In Memoriam (editorial), 3 (Mar) 
Memorial scholarship for Katherine Mac- 
Laggan, 16 (Aug) 
New Brunswick nurses take important 
step in nursing education, 7 (Jan) 
Port., 27 (Mar) 
Telegrams expressed grief..., 28 (Mar) 
A tribute, 26 (Mar) 
McLEAN, Margaret D. 
Automation will be "A fact of life," 14 
(Jun) 
Biog., (Port), 21 (May) 
'\1acLEOD, Marguerite 
Biog., (port), 18 (Jun) 
MacLEOD, Shirley 
Biog., 18 (Jan) 
McMASTER UNIVERSITY 
Faculty appointments, 17 (Jan) 


McMINN, H. 
Bk. rev., 45 (May) 


McNAUGHTON, Norma 
Employee health service. 45 (Dec) 
;\IAGGIE, Jean 
Bk. rev., 53 (Jan) 
MAIR, Mace 
The fight against cancer, 44 (Apr) 
MALLORY, H. Evelyn 
Biog., (port), 18 (Aug) 
MALONEY, George T. 
Standardization. 47 (Mar) 
:\IANCE, Jeanne 
Committee to raise funds for monu- 
ment, 14 (Dec) 


MANITOBA. COMMISSION ON 
SUPPLY OF NURSES 
MARN responds to report, 13 (May) 
MANITOBA ASSOCIATION OF 
REGISTERED NURSES 
Annual meeting, 8 (Aug) 
Employment relations consultant, H.W. 
Dale, 25 (lul) 
Manitoba nurses: Are they coming or 
going?, 12 (Dec) 
New executive director, M.E. Cameron, 
18 (Mar) 
New public relations officer, P.G. Mor- 
combe, 18 (Mar) 
Responds to report, 13 (May) 
MANITOBA HOSPITAL Cü:\Il\flSSION 
To finance nurse refresher courses, 14 
(Nov) 
MARGESSON, Wendy 
Opinion, 31 (Jul) 


MARIE, Ann, Sister 
The reactions of student nurses to spec- 
ific regulations in effect in nurses' 
residences, (abst), 48 (Oct) 


MARRIAGE 
Is anybody happy?, 47 (Apr) 
MARSON, Wendy 
India's project number one, 45 (Nov) 
MARTIN, Cathryn Lillian 
Biog., (port), 16 (Jan) 


MARTIN, Denise 
Bk. rev., 56 (Mar) 
MARTYN, Doris 
Bk. rev., 52 (Aug) 
Radiation therapy for skin cancer, 48 
(Feb) 
MATERNAL HEALTH AND WELFARE 
First Canadian conference, 8 (May) 
From communication to coordination, 
(Bergman), 34 (Apr) 


Prenatal care and infant mortality among 
Canadian Indians, (Graham-Cumming), 
29 (Sep) 
MATTE, Edith 
WHO public health nurse in Libreville, 
18 (Aug) 


XI 



MAUBACH, S. J. 
Hospital and health care - what price? 
(Comm), 49 (Mar) 
MAY, Ruth E. 
Bk. rev., 51 (Dee) 
Outpost nursing, 34 (Mar) 


I\fEERE, Claude 
Recent advances in heart surgery, (Gron- 
din), 32 (Jan) 
J\lEl\fORIAL UNIVERSITY. 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
First work conference scheduled for new 
school at Memorial University, 18 (Jul) 


MEN NURSES 
Male nurses gain recognition, 18 (May) 
Male nurses admitted to University of 
Montreal, 20 (Jul) 
Male school of nursing to close, 14 
(May) 
More nursing schools in Britain to wel- 
come male students, 15 (Nov) 


MENTAL HEALTH 
B.c. reorganizes mental health services, 
12 (Dec) 
Center for mentally ill children to be 
developed in Sudbury, 17 (Sep) 
Editorial, 3 (Jun) 
Man and his mind, theme of CMHA 
congress, 13 (Sep) 
Public support needed for psychiatric 
programs, 12 (Mar) 


MENTAL RETARDATION 
Remotivation to motivation, (Thompson), 
32 (Jul) 
METROPOLITAN ASSOCIATION 
OF NURSES (MONTREAL) 
Controversy among Montreal's English- 
speaking nurses, 10 (Jan) 
MILLER, Christine 
Biog., (port), 22 (Nov) 
I\ULLER, Sally Jane 
Biog., 18 (Jan) 
MILLS, Alice C. 
Biog., (port), 19 (Jun) 
I\ULLS, Joan 
Bk. rev., 47 (May) 
MILTON, Isabel C. 
Contraceptive practices past and present, 
29 (Oct) 
I\UZUHARA, Dorothy 
WHO public health educator in Zambia, 
19 (Aug) 
MONAGHAN, John R. 
Nursing education in Malawi (Monag- 
han), 35 (Jun) 


MONTOUR, Jeannine, Sister 
Biog., (port), 20 (Apr) 
:\IONTREAL. UNIVERSITY 
School of nursing joins University of 
Montreal, 15 (Sep) 


XII 


MOOGK, Helen 
A need for approval, (Gozah), 34 (Sep) 
MOONEY, Margaret, Sister 
Biog., (port), 23 (Nov) 
I\fORCOMBE, Pearl G. 
Biog., (port), 18 (Mar) 


MOREHOUSE, Douglas D. 
Treatment of traumatic rupture of 
urethra, 42 (Oct) 


MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS 
Geographical Clusters of MS, 47 (Apr) 
Grants, 13 (Mar) 


I\fUSSALLEM, Helen K. 
Breakthrough: Nurse is guest speaker at 
doctors' convention, 9 (Jul) 
A glimpse of nursing in the USSR, 27 
(Feb) 
Guest speaker at Alberta Association of 
Registered Nurses, 12 (Jul) 
ICN Council of Representatives in Evian, 
France, 8 (Aug) 
Manpower problems in nursing, 25 (Aug) 
Nursing in Canada, (edit), 27 (Apr) 


N 


NAKONECHNY, Geraldine 
Bk. rev., 46 (Jun) 


NAMES 
16 (lan), 18 (Feb), 18 (Mar), 20 (Apr), 21 
(May), 18 (lun), 24 (lul), 18 (Aug), 20 
(Sep), 15 (Oct), 22 (Nov), 18 (Dec) 
NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS 
see Tests and measurements 


NATIONAL LEAGUE FOR NURSING 
NLN affirms stand on nursing education, 
14 (Jul) 
NLN convention opens in New York this 
month, 13 (May) 
NESBITT, Lynda 
Nursing the patient on long-term hemo- 
dialysis, 40 (Oct) 


NEUROLOGY 
Canadian-designed device measures hidden 
skull pressure, 15 (Jan) 


NEW BRUNSWICK ASSOCIATION 
OF REGISTERED NURSES 
Annual meeting emphasizes nursing ser- 
vice, 9 (J ul) 
Awards scholarships, 12 (Dec) 
Bursaries, 19 (J an) 
New Brunswick nurses take important step 
in nursing education, 7 (Jan) 
Protests minister's remarks, 10 (Au g) 
Thorne, Anne D., NBARN bursary, 22 
(Nov) 


NEW BRUNSWICK. UNIVERSITY 
Building program at UNB, 18 (May) 
Faculty appointments, School of Nursing, 
18 (Jan) 
School of nursing gets national health 
grant, 22 (Jul) 


NEW PRODUCTS 
22 (lan), 25 (Feb), 22 (Mar), 25 (Apr), 
22 (lun), 26 (Jul), 21 (Aug), 25 (Sep) 
22 (Oct), 24 (Nov), 22 (Dec) 
NEWS 
7 (lan), 7 (Feb), 7 (Mar), 7 (Apr), 7 (May) 
7 (Jun), 9 (Jul), 7 (Aug), 7 (Sep), 7 (Oct) 
7 (Nov), 9 (Dec) 
NEYLAN, Margaret S. 
The development of an evaluation Q-sort 
(abst), 51 (Mar) 
NICHOLSON, Valerie 
Bk. rev., 51 (Feb) 
NIELSEN, Jocelyne 
Bk. rev., 45 (May) 
NIGHTINGALE, Florence 
In the Nightingale tradition, 15 (lan) 
NIGHTINGALE, Helen 
Bk. rev., 52 (Dec) 


NORTHERN HEALTH SERVICES 
Wadhams' outpost nursing station, (lohn- 
son), 28 (May) 


NURSES, SHORTAGE OF 
see Nursing needs and resources 


NURSES, SUPPLY OF 
see Nursing needs and resources 


NURSING - CANADA 
Mussallem, H. K. (edit), 27 (Apr) 


NURSING - FOREIGN COUNTRIES 
From communication to coordination 
(Bergman), 34 (Apr) 
A glimpse of nursing in the USSR (Mus- 
sallem), 27 (Feb) 
Nurses serve abroad with external aid, I I 
(Mar) 


NURSING EDUCATION 
see Education 


NURSING FUNCTIONS 
Editorial 3 (Sep) 
Henderson, Jane. A study of the rela- 
tionship between a nurses knowledge 
of biological principles and her per- 
formance of a specific technical pro- 
cedure, (abst), 49 (Dec) 
Study on non-nursing activities in B.C., 7 
(Feb) 
NURSING HISTORY 
Editorial 3 (J ul) 


NURSING HOMES 
Expectation - its role in nursing home 
care, (Lyons), 47 (Dec) 
Nursing Homes Institute hears new reg- 
ulations, 8 (Apr) 


NURSING NEEDS AND RESOURCES 
Alberta hospitals close wards, 16 (Apr) 
Considerations for nurse recruitment, 
(Good), 31 (Dec) 
Facts about nursing in Canada, 17 (Sep), 
50 (Oct), 48 (Dec) 



Facts .tboU! registered nurses in Canada, 
14 (J.m). 16 (Mar), 13 (Apr). 17 (lun) 
Manitoba nurses: Are they coming or 
going?, 12 (Dec) 
M.mpower problems in nursing. (Mussal- 
lem). 25 (Aug) 
Wanted - a revised Income Tax Act 
(edit). 25 (l an) 
NCRSING SERVICE 
Day's pay furnishes room. 17 (Aug) 
First nursing service workshop a success, 
II (Jun) 
Gareau. Olivette. A study of the con- 
gruency among the expectations of the 
head nurse.... (absl). 19 (Dec) 
NBARN annual meeting emphasizes nurs- 
ing service. 9 (Jul) 
Nursing service workshop held on west 
coast. 18 (Jul) 
Plans complete for CNA Regional Work- 
shops. 7 (Oct) 
Staff nurses discuss work setting. 19 (JuJ) 
A study of inactive nurses in Alberta. Ca- 
nada. (Buchan). (abst). 51 (Mar) 
A study of the unit manager concept in 
action. (O'Sullivan) (abst). 45 (lun) 
UWO School of nursing sponsors fifth 
seminar. 7 Clan) 
Workshops on nlll
ing service highly suc- 
cessful. 10 (Dec) 
NURSING SISTERS' ASSOCIATION 
OF CANADA 
In the Nightingale tradition. 15 (Jan) 
NUSSBAUM, Helen 
Biog.. 18 (Aug) 
NUTRITION 
Cut vitamins in foods proposes Drug Di- 
rectorate.., 10 (Sep) 
More studies relate vitamin C, wound 
healing. 13 (Sep) 


o 


O'BRIEN, Mary 
Habilitation of thalidomide children: the 
nursing approach. (Owen, Ralph), 26 
(J an) 
OBSTETRICS 
Baribeau, Pierrette. A study of expressed 
attitudes of Lamaze fathers toward labor 
and delivery experience, (abst), 52 (Mar) 
Fetal heart monitors in use in Montreal, 
8 (J un) 
New controlled childbirth classes started in 
Vancouver, 14 (Sep) 
No Gyn on Obs!. 14 (Feb) 
One-day conference at Sarnia, 20 (Jul) 


OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 
Employee health service, (McNaughton), 
45 (Dec) 
Industrial M.:dical Center opened in Ha- 
milton, 15 (Sep) 
O'CONNOR, C. 
Bk. rev.. 57 (Nov) 
O'CONNOR, Valerie 
Biog., 19 (Feb) 


OFFICIAL DICTIONARY 
see CANADIAN NURSES 
ASSOCIATION 
OKKENHAUG. Lee 
Manipulation in a nurse-patient relation- 
ship. 46 (Aug) 
ONTARIO HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION 
Annual meeting. 14 (Dec) 
Hospital association urges "go metric", 14 
(Nov) 
President. William. A. Holland, 19 (Mar) 
ONTARIO COLLEGE OF NURSES 
RNAO and College of Nurses say public 
funds needed for recruitment 7 (Sep) 


OPERATING ROOM NURSES 
Plan institute for spring '68. 12 (Jul) 
ORDWAY, Eeleanor M. 
Drug protection for Canadians. 38 (May) 
ORR, Ena Maud 
Biog., (porI), 18 (Feb) 
Bk. rev., 46 (lun) 
ORR. Shirley 
Bk. rev., 50 (Dec) 
ORTHON-JOHNSON, Veronica 
Biog.. (port). 19 (Aug) 
O'SHAUGHNESSY, Catherine Teresa 
Biog.. (port). 20 (Apr) 
OSTAPOVITCH, Vera 
Biog., (port), 18 (Aug) 
O'SULLIVAN, M. Celestine, Sister 
A study of the unit manager concept in 
action. (abst), 46 (lun) 
OSWALD, Joan Kathleen 
Macmillan award winner. (porI). 8 (Apr) 


OTT A W A. UNIVERSITY 
First Doctor of nursing degree awarded 
to Dorothy Percy. 19 (Dec) 
OWENS, Margaret 
Habilitation of thalidomide children: the 
nursing approach. (O'Brien, Ralph), 26 
(lan) 


p 


PALTlEL, Freda L. 
Biog., 21 (May) 
PANDYA, Madluri Ruth 
Home care of Ravi - a premature infant, 
33 (Nov) 
PAPLAUSKAS-RAMUNAS, Ramona 
Biog., (port), 18 (Feb) 
PAQUET, Jeanne d'Arc 
Biog., (port), 21 (May) 
PARFITT, Elaine 
Biog., 18 (Ian) 
PARKINSON'S DISEASE 
Association grows. 20 (Nov) 


PARNEL, J. 
Bk. rev., 55 (Nov) 


PAUL, W. Keith 
Research nursing in psychiatry, 33 (lun) 


PAULUS, Ingeborg 
Drug dependency research expensive lu- 
xury or necessary commodity? 36 (Mar) 


PEARSON, Lois 
Poison control as a nursing function. 35 
(May) 
PEDIATRICS 
The child care worker in psychiatry. (Lin- 
dabury). 42 (May) 
Children and anesthesia. (Kingsley). 26 
(Oct) 
Effectiveness of nursing visits to primi- 
gravida mothers. (Brown). 45 (Jan) 
Habilitation of thalidomide children: the 
nursing approach. (O'Brien. Owens. 
Ralph). 26 (Jan) 
Homelike equipment for hospital. 32 (Sep) 
Impact of cerebral palsy on patient and 
family, (Hawke). 29 (lan) 
John - a victim of maternal deprivation. 
(McDiarmid). 43 (Sep) 
Medical care of Eskimo children. (Stein- 
metz). 29 (Mar) 
Metabolic research ward opens in Winni- 
peg. 14 (Feb) 
Pediatric Art Contest. 32 (Sep) 
Special children's unit successful: new unit 
opens. 19 (Jul) 
Study investigates growth of Quebec child- 
ren. 15 (May) 
PEITCHINIS, J. 
Bk. rev., 57 (Mar) 


PELLEY, Thelma 
Bk. rev.. 55 (Mar) 


PENN, Carla (port) 
Editorial assistant Canadian Nurse, 16 
(J an) 
PEPPER, Evelyn A. 
A dream realised. 39 (Nov) 


PERCY, Dorothy M. 
Biog., (port). 16 (lan) 
Doctor of Nursing degree. 19 (Dec) 
Nursing scholarship. 14 (Jun) 


PESZAT, Lucille 
Bk. rev., 45 (May) 


PETERS, Sarah 
Biog.. (port), 21 (Sep) 
PETITCLERC, Claude 
Hemophilia. 36 (Jul) 


PHARMACY 
Head PMAC urges stronger patent laws. 
15 (Jan) 
Nurse and pharmacist-partners. (Summers). 
40 (Feb) 
PHYSICIANS 
Canadian doctors visit China. 12 (Mar) 
Drop-Quts among women doctors. 23 (Jun) 
Manitoba doctors want higher pay. 15 
(Ian) 


XIII 



PINSET, Amelia 
WHO nursing education team in Cairo, 18 
(Aug) 
PITTS, Edna 
Honorary life mf'mbership, CPHA, 19 
(Jan) 


POISONS 
Poison control as a nursing function, 
(Pearson), 35 (May) 


POLLARD, E. M. 
Bk. rev., 55 (Jan) 
PRACTICAL NURSING 
Different approach, 23 (Aug) 


PROBLEM SOLVING 
How to solve a problem, 7 (Apr) 


PSYCHIATRY 
An assessment of the use of nurse-patient 
relationship to provide three aspects of 
supportive emotional care in a psychia- 
tric hospital, (Watts), (abst), 48 (Oct) 
B.C. psychiatric nurses seek salary raises, 
12 (Jun) 
The child care worker in psychiatry (Lin- 
dabury), 42 (May) 
Community psychiatric nursing, (Atkinson, 
VanKampen), 31 (Jun) 
Conference on adolescent psychiatry, 22 
(Jul) 
From institution to community, (Grun- 
berg), 26 (Jun) 
Lindabury, Virginia A., (edit), 25 (Oct) 
Manipulation in a nurse-patient relation- 
ship, (Okkenhaug), 46 (Aug) 
New services at L'Institut Albert Prévost, 
13 (Feb) 
Psychiatric museum opens at St. Michael- 
Archange Hospital, 17 (Aug) 
Public support needed for psychiatric pro- 
grams, 12 (Mar) 
RPNs receive RN diploma in new SRNA 
program, 13 (lun) 
RPN's seek recognition in Ontario, 13 
(May) 
Remotivation to motivation (Thompson), 
32 (Jul) 
Research nursing in psychiatry (Paul), 33 
(J un) 
The Saskatchewan plan, (Lawson), 27 (lun) 
Weyburn Psychiatric Centre (Wright), 29 
(J un) 
PSYCHOLOGY 
Attitudes of nurses to nursing (Costello), 
42 (lun) 
PUBLIC HEALTH 
"Community health in Canada" theme for 
CPHA meeting, 8 (Jun) 
Editorial, 25 (Jun) 
Effectiveness of nursing visits to primi- 
gravida mothers, (Brown), 45 (Jan) 
From communication to coordination 
(Bergman), 34 (Apr) 
Nursing in the North, 32 (Mar) 
Public health nurses sign contract, 10 (Apr) 
Public health organizations could coordin- 
ate health services, 14 (Jun) 


XIV 


Public health project in Ontario, 38 (lun) 
RNAO recommends change in public 
health act, 16 (Feb) 
Sethee, U.K., An exploration of the skills 
of interviewing with problems related to 
it, as practiced by nurses in emotion- 
laden situations encountered in public 
health nursing, (abst), 50 (Sep) 


Q 


QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY 
Acting director School of Nursing, Sister 
Margaret Mooney, 23 (Nov) 
QUINN, Sheila 
Biog., (port), 18 (Aug) 
Visit to Canada (port), 9, 18 (Dec) 
QUINT, Jeanne C. 
When patients die: some nursing problems, 
33 (Dec) 
QUO V ADIS SCHOOL OF NURSING 
Graduates second class, 10 (Oct) 


R 


RACE 
Clue to colour in negroes, whites, 23 
(Aug) 
RALPH, Ja 
Habilitation of thalidomide children: the 
nursing approach, (O'Brien, Owens), 26 
(Jan) 
RANCOURT, Rejane 
Homosexuality among women, (Limoges), 
42 (Dec) 
RANDALL, Lillian Mae 
Biog., 19 (Mar) 
RAYMOND, LeIla 
Biog., 19 (Feb) 
RECRUITMENT 
Considerations for nurse recruitment, 
(Good), 31 (Dec) 
RNAO express concern about recruitment, 
13 (Jun) 
REFRESHER COURSES 
Manitoba Hospital Commission to finance 
nurse refresher courses, 14 (Nov) 
Prepares guide for refresher courses, 7 
(Feb) 
REGISTERED NURSES ASSOCIATION 
OF BRITISH COLUMBIA 
B.C. alters policy on National Health 
Grants, 18 (Nov) 
Plan for nursing education presented to 
RNABC annual meeting, 11 (Jul) 
RNABC returns president for second term, 
14 (Jul) 
Study on non-nursing activities in B.C., 7 
(Feb) 
REGISTERED NURSES ASSOCIATION 
OF NOVA SCOTIA 
Examines shortened programs, 11 (Jul) 
New officers for RNANS, II (Jul) 
To sponsor librarians' workshop, 12 (Dec) 


REGISTERED NURSES ASSOCIATION 
OF ONTARIO 
CNA to undertake examination service, 
(Nov) 
Elects male president, 18 (Jun) 
Express concern about recruitment, I:: 
(Jun) 
Greylists county hospital, 16 (Jul) 
Halton county off greylist, 10 (Nov) 
Honorary membership, Marjorie G. Rus- 
sell, 24 (Jul) 
Integrated education program favored b} 
RNAO, 11 (lun) 
RNAO and College of Nurses say publi( 
funds needed for recruitment. 7 (Sep) 
Recommends change in public health act 
16 (Feb) 
Recommends system of certification. f 
(Sep) 
Reports progress in collective bargaining 
7 (Jun) 
Twenty-six enrolled in RNAO's refresheJ 
course for nurses, 15 (Dec) 


REHABILITATION 
Canadian rehabilitation council honor! 
Montreal agency, 16 (Dec) 
Habilitation of thalidomide children: tht 
nursing approach, (O'Brien, Owens 
Ralph), 26 (Jan) 
RELIGION 
New image for the hospital chaplain, (Wal. 
lace), 29 (Aug) 
RESEARCH AND STUDIES 
CNA's Repository collection of nursin! 
studies. 54 (Mar) 
Research abstracts, 51 (Mar), 45 (Jun), 5( 
(Sep), 48 (Oct), 49 (Dec) 
Research nursing in psychiatry (Paul), 3
 
(Jun) 
Research on two levels of nurses underwa} 
at Winnipeg Hospital, 11 (Sep) 
Research unit established, 8 (Jan) 


RIDLEY, Una 
Biog., (port), 19 (Aug) 
RITCHIE, Judith 
Biog., 18 (Jan) 
RODRIGUE, Murielle 
Nursing care in varicose vein surgery, 43 
(J an) 


ROONEY, Frances L., Sister 
Bk. rev., 54 (lan), 47 (Jun) 


ROWSELL, Glenna 
Ups and downs of economic progress, 2l 
(Nov) 
ROYAL COMMISSION ON 
STATUS OF WOMEN 
Royal Commission on Status of Womer 
to get brief from nurses 8 (May) 


RUBIN, Jack A. 
Bk. rev., 48 (Apr) 
RUSSELL, Marjorie G. 
Honorary membership, RNAO, 24 (Jul) 



s 


S \LARIES 
AMA supports nursing salary raise, ]6 
(Mar) 
After seven years. b.tccalaureate nurses 
earn more than teachers, 8 (Oct) 
DBS to survey nurses' salaries. I I (Mar) 
Facts about nursing in Canada. 50 (Nov) 
Gap narrows between Canadian and Amer- 
ican salary goals, 7 (May) 
Manitoba doctors want higher pay, ]5 
(Jan) 
Quebec interns and residents get better sa- 
laries, 15 (Mar) 
Ups and downs of economic progress, 
(Rowsell), 26 (Nov) 
SALMON, Hazel 
Biog., ]8 (Jan) 
S.\
DERS, Leta 
BI-.. rev., 53 (Dec) 
S.\SKATCHEW.\N. DEPAHnIENT 
OF EDUCATION 
Assistant superintendent of nursing educa- 
tion, Elizabeth E. Hartig. 16 (Oct) 
SASKATCHEWAN. DEPARTMENT 
OF PUBLIC HEALTH 
Saskatchewan public health says: "Smile! 
you're on the fluoride program", 14 
(Nov) 
SASKATCHEWAN HOSPITAL 
ASSOCIATION 
Nursing consultants, 15 (Oct) 


SASKATCHEWAN INSTITUTE OF 
APPLIED ARTS AND SCIENCES 
Uniform designed for new School of Nur- 
sing, 8 (Sep) 
SASKATCHEWAN REGISTERED 
NURSES ASSOCIATION 
Bursaries, 19 (J an) 
Holds workshops on collective bargaining, 
7 (Oct) 
Prepares guide for refresher course, 7 (Feb) 
RPNs Receive R Ndiploma in new SRNA 
program, ] 3 (Jun) 
Responds to Ad Hoc Committee report, 19 
(May) 
Saskatchewan nurses celebrate golden anni- 
versary at annual meeting, 10 (Jul) 


SAUNDERS, Helen 
Bk. rev., 48 (Apr) 


SCHOOLS OF NURSING 
see Education 


SECOND EDUCATIONAL ASSEMBLY 
ON HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATION 
Nurses speak at hospital administrators' 
meeting, 7 (Mar) 


SETHEE, Ushvendra Kaur 
An exploration of the skills of interviewing 
with problems related to it, as practiced 
by nurses in emotion-laden situations en- 
countered in public health nursing, 
(abst), 50 (Sep) 


SEX 
Homosexuality among women, Rancourt, 
Limoges), 42 (Dec) 
Sex knowledge of prospective teachers and 
gradu;lIe nurses, (McCreary-Juhasz). 48 
(J ul) 
Symposium on sex education for educators 
and counselors, 16 (Nov) 


SHEAH.\N, l\1ary 
Unit-based inservice education, (Gauthier, 
Sutherland), 39 (Aug) 
SKIN 
Radiation therapy for skin cancer, (Mar- 
tyn), 48 (Feb) 
Tumors of the skin. (Fitzpatrick). 45 (Feb) 


SKITCH, C. H. 
Biog., 16 (Oct) 
SLEEP 
Snorers are shocked. 47 (Apr) 
S:\IITH. Lottie 
Biog., 19 (Jun) 
S:\IITH, 1\1. 
Project bed rest, (Dahl, Fowle, Hutchison, 
Graham. Black). 50 (Ian) 
SMITH, Marlene Koch 
Public health nurses form first chapter T- 
Groups, (Watson Carr), 46 (Sep) 


S:\lOKING 
Anti-smoking measures continues, 14 (Jan) 
Bananas for sale, 20 (Oct) 
Editorial, 3 (Apr) 
5,500,000 still puffing, 2 I (Mar) 
Lettuce have a smoke, 26 (Jul) 
"No Smoking" literature for bedside tables, 
8 (Feb) 
Smoking doks get cancer, 29 (Jul) 
Smoldering image, 47 (Apr) 


SOCIAL SERVICE 
Toronto's street haven started by RN, I3 
(Feb) 


SPADLlNG, Jean W. 
Bk. rev., 52 (Feb) 


SPECIALISM 
CNA Nursing Service Committee favors 
nursing specialists, 7 (Aug) 
Medical intensive care (Staples), 31 (May) 
RNAO plan of action recommends system 
of certification, 8 (Sep) 
Role of nursing clinician defined at region- 
al meeting, I3 (Aug) 


ST. JOHN AMBULANCE 
Annual investiture. 8 (Jan) 
Course requires nurse volunteers. 12 (Nov) 
Film, 52 (Jul) 


STATISTICS 


see 
Facts about registered nurses in Can- 
and 
Facts about nursing in Canada 


STAPLES, Sally 
Medical intensive care, 31 (May) 


STEED, Margaret 
Bk. rev.. 51 (Feb) 
Keynote address to NBARN annual meet- 
ing, 9 (Jul) 
Nurses speak at hospital administrators' 
meeting. 7 (Mar) 
Three-day education workshop held for 
PEl instructors, 18 (Jul) 


STEINMETZ, N. 
Medical care of Eskimo children. 29 (Mar) 
STEWART, Diane Yvonne 
Biog.. (por!). 18 (Mar) 
STIVER, 1\1. Pearl (port) 
Order of SI. John investiture, 8 (lan) 
STERTCH, Patricia 
Bk. rev., 54 (Nov) 
STUDENTS 
Barrie students raise funds for overseas 
student, 12 (Feb) 
Lennie, Clara May, A study of student 
achievement in an Alberta hospital 
school of nursing, (abs!). 51 (Mar) 
Marie, Ann. Sister, The reactions of stu- 
dent nurses to specific regulations in 
effect in nurses' residences, (abs!), 48 
(Oct) 
Residence living - yes or no?, (Doyle. 
Daykin), 30 (Nov) 
SUICIDE 
Suicides high, 47 (Apr) 
Whose problem?, 20 (Oct) 
SUMMERS, Jack L. 
Nurse and pharmacist-p.lrtners, 40 (Feb) 


SUPERVISORS AND SUPERVISION 
Compromise or challenge, 15 (May) 


SURGERY 
Dyche, Elsie Ruth (Yvans). A study to 
explore the effect of a planned pre- 
operative nursing visit..., (abst), 49 (Dec) 
Intensive care unit in cardiovascular surge- 
ry, (Boisvert), 36 (J an) 
Nursing care in varicose vein surgery, (Ro- 
drigue), 43 (Jan) 
Recent advances in heart surgery, (Gron- 
din, Meere), 32 (Ian) 
SUTHERLAND, l\Iargaret 
Unit-based inservice education, (Gauthier, 
Sheahan), 39 (Aug) 
SVENNINGSEN, Margaret 
Serves in Africa, 8 (Jan) 
WHO team at University of Ghana 19 
(Aug) 
SYLVAIN, Jeannette 
Canadi:m nurses work with WHO. 8 (Nov) 


SYMPOSIUM ON FAMILY EDUCATION 
Symposium on sex education for educators 
and counselors, 16 (Nov) 


T 


TASK FORCE ON LABOR RELATIONS 
CNA to prepare brief on labor relations 
7 (Nov) 


xv 



TAXATION 
Wanted - a revised Income Tax Act 
(edit), 25 (l an) 
T ALOR, Forence 
Biog., 19 (Mar) 
TEACHERS AND TEACHING 
The development of an evaluation Q-sort; 
(Neylan) (abst), 51 (Mar) 
The improvement of the educational pre- 
paration of instructors in pre-service 
programs in nursing in Ontario, (Griffin) 
(abst), 50 (Sep) 
Overhead projector demonstrated, 20 (Jul) 
Preferences for university teaching, (Lee), 
(abst), 45 (lun) 
Programmed instruction - can we use it? 
(Klaiman), 44 (Jul) 
A proposed method for evaluation of 
teaching effectiveness in schools of nur- 
sing, (Cunningham), (abst), 48 (Oct) 
Symposium on sex education for educators 
and counselors, 16 (Nov) 


TELEVISION 
New equipment at Sacré-Coeur first in 
North America, 19 (Sep) 
TERRY, Grace Elizabeth 
Biog., (port), 17 (J an) 
TESTS AND MEASUREMENTS 
CNA to undertake examination service, 7 
(Nov) 
The development of an evaluation Q-sort; 
(Neylan) (abst), 51 (Mar) 
Editorial, 27 (May) 
National exams for Canada?, 7 (May) 
National Testing Service, (edit), (Lin- 
dabury), 3 (Nov) 
Nation-wide exams for Canadian nurses?, 
7 tMar) 
THOMPSON, Doris S. 
Bk. rev., 49 (Oct) 
Remotivation to motivation, 32 (lu!) 


THOMPSON, Jean 
Biog., (port), 10 (l u!) 
THORNE, Anne D. 
NBARN bursary, 22 (Nov) 
TIFFNEY, Helen P. 
Guidelines for an in-service education pro- 
gram, (abst), 45 (Jun) 
TONEY, Coralea 
Biog., 18 (Jan) 
TUBERCULOSIS 
Need to eradicate not control, T.E., 17 
(Jun) 


u 


UNICEF 
Children's Gift to Pakistan, 19 (Sep) 
Leprosy control in Dahomey aided by 
UNICEF, 8 (Oct) 
UNIFORMS 
Space suits for nurses, 11 (Mar) 
Uniform designed for new School of Nur- 
sinj:(, 8 (Sep) 


XVI 


UNITED NURSES OF MONTREAL 
Begin work on contracts, 14 (Aug) 
Controversy among Montreal's English- 
speaking nurses, 10 (lan) 
Seek accreditation, 8 (Feb) 


UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES 
Laval opens school of nursing, 9 (Apr) 


UROLOGY 
Anomalies and infection of genitourinary 
tract, (Ackman), 44 (Oct) 
Nursing care in renal transplantation, 
(MacDonald), 35 (Oct) 
Nursing the patient on long-term hemo- 
dialysis (Nesbitt), 40 (Oct) 
Present status of renal transplantation, 
(Dossetor), 32 (Oct) 
Treatment of traumatic rupture of urethra 
(Morehouse), 42 (Oct) 


v 


VANIER INSTITUTE 
Launches family life education study, 17 
(Sep) 
VANKAMPEN, Frank J. 
Community psychiatric nursing (Atkinson), 
31 (lun) 
Van RAALTE, E. 
The house that dedication built, 44 (Nov) 


VEINS 
Nursing care in varicose vein surgery, (Ro- 
drigue), 43 (Jan) 
Varicose veins of the lower limbs, 
(Dionne), 39 (Jan) 
VETERINARY MEDICINE 
Deserter of people?, (Wilkinson), 45 (Mar) 
Seals for patients (Johnson, deJong, Fos- 
ter), 50 (Aug) 
VICTORIAN ORDER OF NURSES 
"Meals on Wheels" for shut-ins, 11 (Apr) 
VON general meeting held in Ottawa, 7 
(Jun) 
VINGE, Evangeline 
Biog., 19 (Dec) 
VIRGINIA, M., Sister 
Biog., (port), 15 (Oct) 


w 


WALKER, Mildred Irene 
Biog., (port), 16 (J an) 
Biog., 19 (Feb) 
WALLACE, Robert A. 
New image for the hospital chaplain, 29 
(Aug) 
WALPOLE, Peggy Ann 
Toronto's street haven started by RN, 13 
(Feb) 


WARD, Bernice M. 
Bk. rev., 48 (Jun) 
WATTS, Evelyn M. 
An assessment of the use of nurse-patient 
relationship to provide three aspects of 


supportive emotional care in a psychia 
tric hospital, (abst), 48 (Oct) 
WEDGERY, Albert W. 
President of RNAO, 18 (Jun) 
WESTERN ONTARIO. UNIVERSITY 
Sets 1970 deadline for nurses to complell 
B.Se.N., 10 (Sep) 
UWO Sehool of nursing sponsors fiftt 
seminar, 7 (lan) 


WILKINS, Mary E. 
Biog., (port), 19 (Aug) 
WILKINSON, Jean 
Deserter of people?, 45 (Mar) 
WILLETT, Kathleen S. 
Biog., (port), 22 (Nov) 
WILSON, Carolyn 
NBARN scholarships of $500, 19 (lan) 
WISHLOW, W. 
Bk. rev., 51 (Jul) 
WOOD, Kathleen C. 
Biog., (port), 19 (Jun) 


WOOD, Vivian 
Bk. rev., 51 (Sep) 
WORLD HEALTH DAY 
7 (Apr) 
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION 
Alberta nurses serve in Africa, 8 (Jan) 
Canadian nurses work with WMO, 8 (Nov 
Gemeroy, Helen M., psychiatric nursinj 
consultant, 22 (Nov) 
Investigates bilharziasis, 17 (Apr) 
Kellogg Foundation gives grant, 17 (Jun) 
Six Canadian nurses joined staff, 18 (Aug 
Travelling seminar in USSR (Mussallem) 
27 (Feb) 
World Health Day, 7 (Apr) 
World health problems, 18 (Jul) 
WORLD WAR II 
M. & V. for Christmas dinner, 28 (Dee 


WRIGHT, Erna 
Biog., 23 (May) 
WRIGHT, John B. 
Weybum Psychiatric Centre, 29 (Jun) 


WRITING 
Conference for editors of nursing jour 
nals, 12 (Oct) 


x 


X RAY 
WI;lO, UNICEF try new x-ray units, 1: 
(Mar) 


y 


YOUNG, Helen 
Biog., 19 (Mar) 


z 


ZILM, Glennis 
Mental health (edit), 3 (Jun) 



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