Lnuary 1967
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habilitation
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2 THE CANADIAN NURSE
1435 St. Alexander St.,
Montreal, Que.
JANUARY 196:
The
Canadian
Nurse
'-
o
A monthly journal for the nurses of Canada published
in English and French editions by the Canadian Nurses' Association
Volume 63, Number 1
January 1967
26 Habilitation of Thalidomide Children:
The Nursing Approach M. O'Brien, M. Owens, and J. Ralph
29 Impact of Cerebral Palsy on Patient
and Family W.A. Hawke
P. Grondin and C. Meere
32 Recent Advances in Heart Surgery
36 Intensive Care Unit in Cardiovascular
Surgery
39 Varicose Veins of the Lower Limb
43
45
50
Nursing Care in Varicose Vein Surgery
Effectiveness of Nursing Visits
to Primigravida Mothers
Project Bed Rest
C. Boisvert
P. Dionne
M. Rodrigue
L.S. Brown
L. Dahl, M. Smith, B. Fowle
1. Hutchison, R. Graham, and D. Black
The views expressed in the various articles are the views of the authors and do not
necessarily represent the policies or views of the Canadian Nurses' Association.
4 Letters
7 News
16 Names
22 New Products
23 Dates
25 Editorial
53 Books
55 Films
56 Accession List
1966 Index
II Official Directory
Executive Director: Helen K. Mussallem .
Editor: VIrginia A. Llndabury . Assistant
Editor: Glennls N. Zilm . News Editor: June
I. Ferguson . Editorial Assistant: Carla D.
Penn . Circulation Manager: Plerrette Hotte .
Advertising Manager: Ruth H. Baumel. Sub-
scription Rates: Canada: One Year. $4.50; two
years, $8.00. Foreign: One Year, $5.00; two
years. $9.00. Single copies: SO cents each.
Make cheques or money orders payable to
The Canadian Nurse . Change of Address:
Four weeks' notice and the old address as
v.: ell as t
e new are necessary. Not respon-
sIble for Journals lost in mail due to errors
in address.
Manuscript Information: "The Canadian
Nurse" welcomes unsolicited articles. Alt
manuscripts should be typed, double-spaced.
on one side of unruled paper leaving wide
margins. Manuscripts are accepted for review
for exclusive publication. The editor reserves
the right to make the usual editorial chan
es.
Photo
raphs (glossy prints) and graphs and
diagrams (drawn in india ink on white paper)
are welcomed with such articles. The editor
is not committed to publish all articles sent,
nor to indicate defimte dates of publication.
Authorized as Second-Class Mail bv the Post
Office Department, Ottawa, and for_payment
of postage in cash. Postpaid at Montreal.
Return Postage Guaranteed. SO The Driveway,
Ottawa 4, Ontario.
@ Canadian Nurses' Association, 1966
An item appearing recently in
a French-language newspaper
reports that married women in
Sweden are seriously questioning
whether it is worth their while to
seek gainful employment.
Apparently income taxes are in-
creased disproportionately when
more than one member of the
family brings home a paycheck.
Moreover, the Swedish women
complain that child care costs, a
necessary expense for working
mothers with young children,
cannot be deducted from income
tax.
Similar deterrents to employment
of married women are found in
Canada. The income tax structure
was organized at a time when the
man in the home was the sole
breadwinner, and has not been
revised to keep apace of the
changing role of women in
the economy.
After examining present income
tax policy as it pertains to married
women, we became convinced that
its irrelevancies could be discussed
adequately only in a full page
editorial (page 25).
We believe that a revised Income
Tax Act that recognizes the role
of married women in the labor
force will benefit the country's
economy as well as individuals and
their families. We realize, also,
that taxation procedures inflict
hardships on many different groups
within the labor force. In this
article we are dealing primarily
with married women who are
nurses, because we believe that
anything that inhibits the re-entry
of professional nurses into a
practice already short of practition-
ers is detrimental to Canadian
health services and to Canada.
- Editor.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 3
JANUARY 1967
letters
{
Letters to the editor are welcome.
Only signed letters will be considered for publication
Name will be withheld at the writer's request.
Nurgentsl
Dear Editor:
I was delighted to read in your October
issue that male nurses are likely to be wel-
comed into the study and work of obstetrical
nursing.
Seventy years ago I started my nursing
career in the Samaritan Hospital for Women
in Glasgow, Scotland and I learned a lot
that was good to know about women and
also men. Very soon I felt angry that male
nurses in military hospitals were called
"orderlies." I know how kind men can be
and, even with their extra strength, how
gently they can handle patients - often
better than women. Has anyone thought
of calling them "nurgents?" With every good
wish for your magazine. - Jean McMartine
Weir, B.C.
Dear Editor:
We were interested to read the article
"Why not obstetric nursing for male stu-
dents?" (October 1966.)
As we are men in nursing, we are pleased
to see articles such as this appearing in
the magazine. We were surprised to learn
that only an estimated 60 percent of male
nurses have had obstetrical nursing exper-
ience. We agree that the rationale for this,
"that the obstetrical patient would be embar-
rassed if a male nurse attended to her nurs-
ing care needs" is not sound. We wonder
how these schools reason that women who
have had male nurses attending to them in
the case room, would be more embarrassed
in tbe postpartum period.
There are six men enrolled in the nursing
course at the Regina Grey Nuns' School of
Nursing, Regina, Saskatchewan. Two are
presently in obstetrical nursing. It is man-
datory that we take the full obstetric course,
theory and practice.
We perform total nursing care - anti-
and postpartum, with the exception of peri-
neal care. We will also be having the reg-
ular experience in the case room, nursery
and premature nursery.
We have exprienced complete acceptance
by the mothers and the present ward staff.
We are convinced that all schools of nurs-
ing should attempt to prepare aU their stu-
dents, male or female, to be fully qualified
with a basic understanding in all nursing
areas. - Dave Hunter, R.P.N., and Bill
Ayotte, R.P.N., senior nursing students,
Regina Grey Nuns' School of Nursing,
Reciprocity wanted
Dear Editor:
We are concerned with the provincial
4 THE CANADIAN NURSE
and international re-registration of nurses.
It seems to us that pettiness and nastiness
abound. How about action on international
registration ?
We are all members of the International
Council of Nurses, and each delegate is
recognized as a professional nurse. Is it not
odd that we should find such difficulty in
accepting each other outside Geneva?
We suggest a blitz here and now: All
Canadian nurses should apply for registra-
tion in at least one other province and one
other country. This action would give the
individual nurse experience with this pro-
blem; she would also discover that nurses
around the world are more alike than dif-
ferent !
With this experience, nurses would be
eager to change the laws that presently bind
us, and it could provide the impetus to
break the existing hiatus. - Bob Brown,
R.M.N., S.R.N., Reg.N., and Phil Gower,
Reg.N., The University of Western Ontario
School of Nursing, London, Onto
Unwed Father
Dear Editor:
Attention is continually being focused on
the unmarried mother - her problems,
fears, and responsibilities. I believe it is
time that an investigation be made into the
role of the putative or unmarried father.
Granted, he can escape from the situation
more easily than an unmarried mother, but
he does not escape from thõse problems
that caused his behavior in the first place.
The putative or unmarried father is a
man who produces a child as a result of
intercourse out of wedlock and who subse-
quently fails to marry the mother before
the birth of the child.
Until recently, the only consideration given
to the problems of the putative father has
been from a moral standpoint. The psycho-
logical aspects are now coming under in-
vestigation. A boy guilty of promiscuous
behavior may be using girls to satisfy needs
that were neglected in his early upbringing
- needs for affection, attention, indepen-
dence and acceptance. Other theories suggest
that the putative father, although so insecure
that marriage would be unthinkable, pro-
duces a child to prove to himself that he is
ready for marriage.
Society seems to regard the unmarried
father as a man who has "let the woman
down" by not marrying her. This is often
the case, but there are also many cases ill
which the boy would be willing to marry
the girl but she refuses or her parents will
not allow it. In other cases the couple
mutually agree not to marry.
Looking on the financial side of things,
there is the unmarried father whose cons-
cience is headed by cash settlements. When
this prostitute pattern is brought into the
picture, the child becomes only the mother's
in the sight of both parents.
In contrast, there are men with true
parental feeling for whom a cash settlement
would do nothing but increase their sense of
guilt. In the case of a young man who
knows enough of modern psychology to
realize the effect of deprived parenthood on
a child, this sense of guilt may have a des-
tructive effect on his later relationships with
his legitimate children.
The unmarried father will find it hard
to go to a welfare office for help. He
always expects severe treatment or at least
trouble. Knowing that society still regards
him in a criminal light, he tends to stay
away from any official person or body no
matter how much he needs help. It is easy
to see that some of the apparent irresponsi-
bility of the unmarried father is due to the
fear he has of social censure. He particularly
distrusts women social workers because he
does not think that they will understand the
man's point of view.
[ believe that if the many mysteries sur-
rounding the unmarried father are to be
removed, society must adopt a new attitude.
Instead of isolating the putative father, it
should treat father, mother, and child as an
originally linked problem. Only with such an
approach can society avoid the increasing
number of adoptions and help to establish
new families from people who originally saw
nothing ahead but a life filled with problems
that they could not solve. - Miss Helen
Staat, intermediate nursing student, Royal
Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, B.C.
Unfair to blame nurses
Dear Editor:
I just read the distressed reader's letter
in the November issue, complaining about
the indifference of a nurse toward her while
she was in labor.
I do not like to see a hospital described
as turning out poor nurses - as the reader
implies in her letter - because I think that
rather the opposite is true; nor do I like
to see somebody jumping to the conclusion
that all nurses are bad nowadays, because
one nurse possibly slipped up somewhere.
[ said "possibly" because, after all, the nurse
probably had her instructions from the doc-
tor, and they might well have been different
from what the patient thought they were.
Any nurse who has worked in obstetrics
(Continued on page 6)
JANUARY 1967
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 5
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JANUARY 1%7
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letters
(Continued from page 4)
has come across the case where the doctor,
for various reasons, does not want to give
anything for pain until he absolutely has
to. And funhermore, where was the lady's
doctor? Did he induce labor - at night! -
and then go home? And did he phone back
or come in person to che;:k his patient's
progress? She says nothing about that.
I think it is most unfair of her to put
all the blame for her neglect, if there was
any, on the nurses. They were probably
overworked. and expected her, of all pa-
tients, to have understanding in the situation.
The only thing that bothers me in that letter
is that the nurse who came on duty at 11 :30
P.M. did not go in to check the patient.
Probably there was a good reason why she
didn't. but it would have been better if she
had. Above all, it would have reassured the
patient to know that somebody was keeping
an eye on her. From the tone of the letter it
seems obvious that reassurance was what she
needed most. - Mrs. M.E. Mueller, R.N.,
Nonh Battleford, Saskatchewan.
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samples and literature
6
THE CANADIAN NURSE
Refresher course in Manitoba
Dear Editor:
In answer to the letter from "R.N. Mani-
toba" and her comment regarding refresher
courses (September 1966): St. Boniface Gen-
eral Hospital will be conducting its fourth
six-week refresher course in February and
early March of 1967.
Any nurses from the Winnipeg area inter-
ested in this course can obtain more infor-
mation by writing to the Co-ordinator, In-
service Education, St. Boniface General Hos-
pital, St. Boniface, Manitoba. - (Mrs.) K.
De long. Winnipeg, Manitoba.
Compliments
Dear Editor:
We have noticed with great pleasure the
numerous innovations which have been in-
corporated into both The Canadian Nurse
and L'infirmière canadienne.
Furthermore, we appreciate that the
French edition is not a word for word
translation of the English.
We would like to congratulate each and
every member of the editorial staff, hoping
that they will keep up their enthusiasm in
order to maintain the spirit of the magazine
and make it even livelier. - Sister Claire
Bilodeau, Director of the School of Nursing.
Hôpital du St-Sacrement, Québec.
Dear Editor:
Every month after reading THE CANADIAN
NURSE I think that I should write to ex-
press my appreciation for the very fine
issues we are receiving. I have procrastinat-
ed long enough, so here are my sincere
thanks for a difficult job well done.
This letter was prompted by the opinion
expressed by Dr. R.W. Sutherland in his
article "Needed: Nurses Who Are Clinical
Specialists" (Sept. 1966). I agree with I
every word he wrote. - K. Deathe, Toron-
to, Onto
Dear Editor:
The Nursing Sisters' Association of Can-
ada, Montreal Unit, express appreciation and
thanks for the anicles and photographs
published in the November issue.
Greetings and good wishes to the staff
of THE CANADIAN NURSE. - Nancy Kennedy-
Reid, National President and I. O'Reilly,
President, Montreal Unit.
Dear Editor:
I have just received the September issue
of THE CANADIAN NURSE. I am an Alberta
graduate and am currently registered in B.C.
The new concepts that are prevalent in
nursing today never cease to amaze me.
I am proud to say I am a nurse, and also
a Canadian.
Keep up the good work, we all can learn
from one another. - E.M. Harrison, R.N.,
Chemainus, B.C. 0
JANUARY 1%7
news
Dublin-Born Nurse
to Study in Canada
Sister Genevieve, S.R.N., principal tutor
at the Mater Infirmorum Hospital, Belfast,
will study nursing education in Canada as
a result of winning the 1966 Glaxo Scholar-
ship administered by the British Common-
wealth Nurses' War Memorial Fund.
This is the eight successive year that
Canada has been chosen by a Glaxo Scho-
lar as a training center.
Sister Genevieve, who was presented with
her award by Queen Mother Elizabeth at a
birthday reception at St. James's Palace to
celebrate the 21st anniversary of the Fund,
will arrive in Montreal early in April. She
will study post-basic courses in obstetric
nursing, operating room nursing, and
psychiatric nursing at the Royal Victoria
Hospital.
The E500 scholarship will also take her
to Toronto, New York, Washington, D.C..
St. Louis, San Francisco, and Chicago.
The Glaxo Scholarship is one of several
available through the British Commonwealth
Nurses' War Memorial Fund. It was set up
in 1945 as a memorial to the 3,000 nurses
and midwives of the British Commonwealth
who lost their lives in the Second World
War. The Fund has to date sponsored over
150 scholars and two research fellows.
UWO School of Nursing
Sponsors Fifth Seminar
To assist senior nursing executives toward
better job performance, the school of nursing
of the University of Western Ontario has
arranged an II-day seminar June 12-23,
1967.
Sessions are planned for six days, Monday
through Saturday noon the first week; for
five days, Monday through Friday afternoon,
the second week. Featured speakers will
include Mother M. St. Michael, professor of
philosophy, Brescia College, UWO; Dr.
Catherine M. Norris, nurse educator and
author, formerly professor of nursing at
the University of New Mexico; Dr. R. Hodg-
son, associate profe.ssor of the school of
business administration, UWO; and Dr.
Elizabeth Hagen, professor of psychology
and eduoation at Columbia University.
Interspersed throughout the two-week
program will be lecture-discussion sessions,
group analyses of cases, films, role-playing
and individual guided study.
Enrollment will be limited to 75 appli-
cants who will be selected on the basis of
their present positions and responsibility for
administration. Efforts will be made to
select a representative group from nursing
JANUARY 1%7
0(
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'W'I
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Queen Mother Elizabeth presents the 1966 Glaxo Scholarship to Sister Gene-
vieve of Dublin. This scholarship, administered by the British Commonwealth
Nurses War Memorial Fund, will enable Sister Genevieve to study nursing
education in Canada during the coming year.
service administrators in hospitals, nursing
service administrators in public health, nurs-
ing education administrators, and adminis-
trators and consultants in professional or-
ganizations.
The course fee is $250 to include classes,
study materials, lodging, and meals. Appli-
cation forms, which should be completed
and returned to the School prior to March
I, 1967, are available upon request.
CNA Publishes Guide
for Two-Year Diploma Programs
A guide dealing with the development of
two-year diploma programs in eduoational
institutions has just been published by the
Canadian Nurses' Association.
Approved for publication at the pre-
convention executive meeting, it is designed
for educators considering such programs,
whether in a community college, junior
college, vocational school or technical school.
Called Guiding Principles fOr the Develop-
ment of Programs in Educational Institu-
tions Leading to a Diploma in Nursing. the
document covers planning and investigation,
organization and administration, faculty,
students, curriculum and instruction. and
physical facilities.
The publióation is available upon request
from the CNA. Price $1.00.
New Brunswick Nurses Take
Important Step in Nursing
Education
The New Brunswick Association of Regis-
tered Nurses has asked the provincial
government to take immediate steps to
implement the pIan for the education of
nurses and health workers generally, as ad-
vocated in Portrait of Nursing by Dr.
Katherine MacLaggan.
The nurses' request to government has
been supported by citizens' committees from
all areas of the province chaired by Dr.
Allan Sinclair of the University of New
Brunswick law faculty.
The proposals for the new system of edu-
cation concern a variety of health workers
described as Nurse Grade I, Nurse Grade II,
Wardkeeper and Ward Secretary.
Both nursing groups would be prepared
at the post high-school level within the
province's genel1al educational system. The
Nurse Grade I would constitute 75 percent
of the nursing complement and would be
eduoated in a two-year period at new health
institutes recommended for Saint John.
Moncton, and Campbellton. Twenty-five per-
cent of the nurses, called Nurse Grade II,
would be educated in New Brunswick's two
established university schools of nursing.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 7
news
The proposed heaith institutes wouid aiso
educate the ward secretary and other per-
sonnel for the health field and would be
administered by an independent council res-
ponsible to the minister of education.
Envisioned under the program would be
a phasing-out of existing schools of nursing
over a period of years when newly-trained
staff become available. It is estimated that
from the start at any given time, a period
of three years would be necessary for
implementation. Existing health personnel
trained under the present system would be
retrained and protected on staff while new
trainees would be trained under the propos-
ed new system.
The plan suggests that the first pilot
health institute be established in Saint John
because of important community facilities,
especially in an institute in close proximity
to St. Joseph's and the Saint John General
Hospitals.
A Moncton institute on or near the Uni-
versity of Moncton campus which would
provide easy access to hospitals, arts and
science facilities is recommended.
A third institute is invisioned in Camp-
bellton to serve between 300-400 students
at a cost of between one and two million
dollars.
The NBARN suggests that the capitaJ cost
of such institutes be born by the province
which would be able to avail itself of heaJth
resources grants from the federal govern-
ment.
The plan, which was published in 1965,
has been endorsed by the Canadian Nurses'
Association.
Alberta Nurses Serve in Africa
Two instructors from the Foothills Hos-
pital school of nursing are in Geneva being
briefed for World Health Organization as-
signments in West Africa.
Margaret Svennin
n and Terry Knapik
left Calgary New Year's Eve for WHO's
headquarters at the Palais des Nations.
Before taking up their two-year appointments
in Ghana and Gambia they will stop over
at Brazzaville in the Congo for further
orientation.
Miss Svenningsen will be teaching psy_
chiatric nursing at the University of Ghana.
This is pan of a two-year course for grad-
uate nurses. Her duties will include develop-
ing the mental health aspects of the cur-
riculum and also training a native African
counterpart.
Two hundred miles away, Miss Knapik
will be teaching public heaJth in the school
of nursing at Bathurst. She will also train
a native African counterpart and will be an
advisor to the Minister of Public Health
in Gambia.
8 THE CANADIAN NURSE
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Nurses Recognized by Order of St. John. Three prominent members of
the nursing profession pause for a photograph in the foyer of Government
House in Ottawa after the Annual Investiture of the Order of St. John in
Nov.ember. They are, left to right: M. Pearl Stiver, former executive director
of the Canadian Nurses' Association; M. Christine Livingston, former
director-in-chief of the VON, and Margaret M. Hunter, chief nursing
officer for St. John Ambulance in Canada. Miss Stiver and Miss Livingston,
co-authors of St. John Ambulance's new Home Nursing textbook "Patient
Care in the Home," which was released earlier this year, were honored
with the rank of Commander Sister by the Order of St. John.
Both nurses plan to remain with WHO
following their tour of duty in West Africa.
Home Care Topic for Institute
Dalhousie University's school of nursing
is sponsoring its 16th Annual Institute,
February 8-10, 1967.
The topic of the three-day workshop will
be Co-Ordinated Home Care Programs. Mrs.
Rosetta Lippe, assistant director of training
and extended services in home care with
New York's Montefiore Hospital, will be
the conference leader. She will be assisted
by members of the nursing and allied pro-
fessions in the Atlantic provinces.
The aim of this year's institute is to
enable all branches of nursing to fully un-
derstand Medicare's implications for home
care. It will be held at the Victoria Gen-
eral Hospital Nurses' Residence. Registration
fee is $2.00.
Medical Education
Research Unit Established
To find out what it takes to make a
good doctor, the University of Toronto has
established a medicaJ education research
unit - the first in North America.
The unit will include two medical doc-
tors, one of whom is a professor of psy-
chology and education, a data processing
expert, and a statistician. They will seek
answers to these questions:
What are the quaJities needed in a mo-
dern physician?
What types of education, both general
and specialized, will best prepare the doctor?
What personal qualities are most likely
to suit a student for the medical profes-
sion?
The research team does not expect to have
the answers for about 10 years.
Newfoundland Seminar
"One of the Best"
The recent two-day workshop sponsored
by the ARNN'S committees on nursing edu-
cation and nursing service has been termed
"one of the best."
It is the second workshop held this year
and according to ARNN President Janet
Story "enthusiasm and attendance exceeded
expectations." There
re over 226 regis-
trants at the St. John's workshop and 100
at the workshop in Gander.
The seminar had as its theme "Analyzing
Nursing Needs," with delegates discussing
such topics as future planning to improve
nursing care and team nursing.
Consultant to the workshop was Mrs.
Huguette Labelle, associate director of nurs-
ing education at the Ottawa General Hos-
pital. She addressed the delegates on the
responsibilities of every team leader and
emphasized the importance of such people
in assuring good patient care.
JANUARY 1%7
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Here's how smart Canadians are paying less
income tax and building a retirement income to
supplement their Canada Pension Plan.
WHAT'S AN ANNUITY?
A Canadian Government
Annuity is an investment
you make to guarantee
you a definite income
when your working days
are over. The premiums
you pay may be deduct-
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For instance, you can choose the Life Plan
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Or the Guaranteed Plan, also payable for
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Or the Contingent Suroit,or Plan which
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Your local Canadian
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you decide which is the
best plan for you.
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Your Canadian Government Annuity is fully
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CANADA DEPARTMENT DF LABDUR. DTTAWA .
JANUARY 1%7
Perhaps you're already paying into a reg-
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If on termination of employment you are due
to receive a lump sum payment, you would
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that payment. But if you use the lump sum
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helpful Canadian Government Annuity
Representative near you, or fill in and mail
the coupon postage free.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 9
news
(Comil/lled fro", paRe 8)
Canadian Welfare Council Says
Action Needed to Increase
Health Manpower
The Canadian Welfare Council urges im-
mediate action to increase Canada's health
manpower and improve the di
tribution and
quality of personal health services during
the period before the Medical Care Act is
implemented.
This is the gisl of a resolution from the
Council's Board of Governors. addressed to
the federal government and circulated to
provincial premiers and minislers of health
and welfare.
Commenting on Ihe resolution, B. M.
Alexandor. Q.c.. president of the Council
said: "Like most members of parliament,
including those in the government. we very
much regret any postponement in the date
of implementation. Apart from other con-
siderations. the connection between poverty
and untreated ill health is all too obvious,
and adequate health care measures are es-
sential to any realistic attack on poverty.
ONE-STEP PREP
with
FLEET ENEMA:
single dose
disposable unit
FLEET ENEMA's fast prep time obsoletes soap and
water procedures. The enema does not require warm-
ing. It can be used at room temperature. It avoids the
ordeal of injecting large quantities of fluid into the
bowel, and the possibility of water intoxication.
The patient should preferably be lying on the left side
with the knees flexed, or in the knee-chest position.
Once the protective cap has been removed, and the
prelubricated anatomically correct rectal tube gently
inserted, simple manual pressure on the container
does the rest! Care should be taken to ensure that
the contents of the bowel are completely expelled. Left
:
.. colon catharsis is normally achieved in two to five
minutes, with little or no mucosal irritation, pain or
spasm. If a patient is dehydrated or debilitated,
hypertonic solutions such as FLEET ENEMA, must
be administered with caution. Repeated use at short
intervals is to be avoided. Do not administer to children
under six months of age unless directed by a physician.
And afterwards, no scrubbing, no sterilisation, no
preparation for re-use. The complete FLEET ENEMA
unit is simply discarded!
Every special plastic "squeeze-bottle" contains 4Y2
fl. oz. of precisely formulated solution, so that the
adult dose of 4 fl. oz. can be easily expelled. A patented
diaphragm prevents leakage and reverse flow, as well
as ensuring a comfortable rate of administration.
Each J 00 cc. of FLEET ENEMA contains:
Sodium biphosphate. . . . . .. .... 16 gm.
Sodium phosphate ................. 6 gm.
For our brochure: "The Enema: Indications and Techniques",
containing full information, write to: Professional Service
Department, Charles E. Frosst & Co., P.O. Box 247,
Monfreal 3, P.Q.
-...."
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10 THE CANADIAN NURSE
",.'Y
QUALITY PHARMACEUTICALS
t;.
6..Co.
MONTREAL CANADA
'OUNDED IN CANADA IN 1Øgg
Delay in improving health care is therefore
most unfortunate, and we sincerely hope
that il will be possible to advance the in-
troduction of medicare from July I. 1968.
We are also very concerned that prepara-
lions for implementation and this. of
course, means action by the provinces _
should not slow down in this interim
period. It is all to easy to relax once the
pressure of an urgent deadline is eased."
On the question of health manpower and
the dislribution and quality of services, Mr.
Alexandor pointed out Ihat although the
Medical Care Act provides the major mecha-
nism for payment for medical care, strong
concurrent action is needed on these other
points if the program is to be truly ef-
fective.
.The Royal Commission on Health Serv-
ices. while urging that initiation of a medi-
cal care program should not wait for an
increase in health service resources, never-
theless strongly recommended a crash pro-
gram to strengthen them", Mr. Alexandor
said. "The Commission particularly referred
to strengthening of health personnel, which
is the first step in improving distribution and
quality of services. We need to start now.
through every means, public and private."
Mr. Alexandor stated that the Council's
resolution was prepared by its recently es-
tablished Committee on the Health Aspects
of Welfare. under the chairmanship of Dr.
John E.F. Hastings of the University of
Toronto School of Hygiene.
Controversy Among Montreal's
English-Speaking Nurses
The English-speaking nurses of the Mon-
treal region have decided to undertake
collective bargaining to regulate their work-
ing conditions. Thi
change in attilUde
toward colleclIve bargaining is partly because
the Hospital Services Commission has tended
to equalize salaries and working conditions
throughout the province, and partly because
the Association of Registered Nurses of the
Province of Quebec has urged its members
to use this means.
At present two groups are competing to
represent English-speaking nurses. The En-
glish-speaking chapter of District 11 held
a meeting on December 5, 1966, at which
the members adopted a resolution urging
the nurses of the chapter to form an asso-
ciation to negotiate for working conditions.
About 1,200 nurses were present at this
meeting. During the following days, some
5,000 nurses from the chapter were asked to
vote in favor of the new Association and
to sign a registration card.
When this organizational procedure has
been completed, the new association, which
will most probably be called the United
Nurses of Montreal, will immediately seek
to become accredited as bargaining agent
with the Labour Relations Board.
(Continued on page /2)
JANUARY 1967
J
IN PLACE
NOW...
a DISPOSABLE CLOSURE
for external solutions
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AMSCO
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whether flask is Hermetically Sealed-
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WRITE FOR CATALOG MC-521
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AIR
CANADA
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DURING STERILIZATION AFTER STERILIZATION
,)
BETTER TO START WITH...
BEST TO STAY WITH'
news
(Continued from page /0)
The chapter president, Miss Moyra Allen
told the press that the association will be
independent of the large unions and will
not resort to strike action.
The Act regulating professional nursing
in the Province of Quebe<:: stipulates in Ar-
ticle 17 that "Each local association may
negotiate. conclude and sign as agent.
collective contracts or agreements with any
category of employer."
On the other hand, a group of nurses
from the Jewish General Hospital. under
the leadership of Miss Ruth Arnold, have
already organized themselves, and have
formed another organization known as the
Metropolitan Association of Nurses. On
November 24, 1966, this association asked
for accreditation from the Labour Board
and has begun recruiting nurses in other
Montreal hospitals.
At a meeting on December 8, 1966, this
group declared that the chapter (through the
United Nurses of Montreal) could not nego-
tiate for nurses as a large number of its
members were nurses who held administra-
tive positions. Their lawyer. M. Marc La-
pointe, also maintained that only the Metro-
politan Association of Nurses could obtain
the necessary accreditation to represent the
nurses. According to Miss Arnold. the
THE QUEEN'S PRINTER
wishes to inform you that
he is the exclusive sales agent
in Canada for 19 International Organizations.
Two of our International Organizations work for you and
publish books intended for you.
. WHO
World Health Organization
. FAO
Food and Agriculture Organization
Two of our International Organizations are concerned mainly
with all aspects of the development of nations and human
beings.
. UN
United Nations Organization
. UNESCO
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization
Would you like to know more about their work, their publica-
tions ?
Would you like to receive a catalogue of their reports on re-
search?
Write to:
THE QUEEN'S PRINTER,
Ottawa r Canada.
12 THE CANADIAN NURSE
district 11 Chapter should limit its actions
to problems of a professional nature.
It is premature to predict the outcome of
these associations. The provincial association,
the ANPQ. is not taking part in this debate;
it is strictly a matter between the English-
speaking chapter District 11 and the Metro-
politan Association of Nurses as autonomous
organizations.
Baccalaureate Awards in '681
Students aiming for baccalaureate degrees
in nursing may be eligible for Canadian
Nurses' Foundation awards if Parliament
approves a proposed change in the Founda-
tion's Letters Patent.
At the CNF annual general meeting held
Tuesday, December 6, 1966, at CNA House
in Ottawa, it was proposed that the Founda-
tion awards, formerly available only to
those enrolled in master's or doctoral degree
programs, be extended to cover those seek-
ing baccalaureate degrees.
A favorable vote carried the proposed
amendment to the CNF Letters Patent. Un-
anamously passed was a member's resolu-
tion that the awards' selection committee
give priority to students enrolled in master's
and doctoral courses.
Awards to baccalaureate students will not
be available during the 1967-68 term since
Parliamentary approval must be secured
before the proposal can be implemented.
Elected to serve on the new board during
1967 and 1968 were M. Jean Anderson.
Verna Huffman, Mrs. Eva T. McCutcheon
and Alma Reid, and five members of the
CNA Board of Directors: Dr. Katherine
MacLaggan, Mrs. Helen P. Glass, Phyllis J.
Lyttle, E. Louise Miner, and Janet Story.
These new board members will serve two-
year tenns as approved by constitutional
amendment at the general meeting in 1965.
Canadian Nurses at Expo 67
Schools of nursing across Canada are
cooperating with the Canadian Nurses' Asso-
ciation in providing the nursing personnel
necessary for its exhibit at Expo '67.
Twenty-one graduate nurses and 78 stu-
dent nurses. on a rotating basis, will staff
the ultra-modern "Nurses" Station for
Intensive Observation" in the Man and
his Health Pavilion.
Equipped with telemetering and recording
devices, television monitors and inter-com-
munication equipment, the station has been
specially designed to show Expo's millions
of visitors how nurses will be trained to
maintain continuous observation of patients'
respiration rate, pulse, electrocardiograph
pattern, and other parameters in providing
intensive care.
The graduate nurses will wear uniforms
specially designed for the occasion with pins
and caps of their respective schools. Student
nurses will be in the distinctive uniforms of
their schools. A roster of the participating
schools and hospitals will be on one wall of
the exhibit.
JANUARY 1967
news
New Immigrants Protected
Against Hospital Bills
Newly-landed Immigrants entering Ont-
ario without hospital insurance will in
future be able to obtain temporary pro-
lection from Blue Cross until their govern-
ment hospital insurance takes over.
Hospital insurance regulations in Ontario
:md most other Canadian provinces require
new applicants to wait approximately three
months before becoming eligible for bene-
fits. Until now. no alternative coverage has
been available during this interim period,
and the individual immigrant (or his sponsor)
ha
been exposed to the possibility of heavy
hospital bills.
The new "Landed Immigrant"' plan re-
cently announced by Ontario Blue Cross
an
wers this threat by taking care of any
hospital expenses up to a maximum of $30
a day, the average daily hospital charge in
Ontario. To obtain this coverage for a
maximum period of 90 days (or until
government hospital benefits become ef-
fective. whichever is sooner). the individual
immigrant will pay to Blue Cross one
premium of $ 14.94. The cost to a family,
consisting of husband. wife and unmarried
children up to age 21. will be $28.98. As
the "Landed Immigrant" coverage cannot be
continued beyond 90 days, it will still be ne-
cessary for an immigrant to apply for govern-
ment hospital insurance immediately upon
arrival here to avoid a gap in protection.
Although the 90-day hospital coverage is
at present available only to persons immi-
grating to Ontario, Blue Cross Plans in other
provinces have expressed interest in offering
imilar protection to their own immigrants.
Immunity Test
for German Measles
A test for detecting immunity to rubella.
commonly known as German measles, has
been developed by scientists of the U. S.
Public Health Service's National Institutes of
Health. The test, called hemagglutination-in-
hibition (H-I), was developed in the Division
of Biologics Standards' Laboratory of Viral
Immunology of which Dr. Meyer is chief.
The rubella H-I test employs the biolo-
gical principle of hemagglutination or red
blood cell clumping, used successfully in
tudies on influenza and other diseases. Dr.
Meyer and his co-workers found that special
preparations of rubella virus cause the red
blood cells of newly hatched chicks to
clump. When they added a sample of
blood from a person immune to German
measles, the antibodies in the immune blood
inhibited clumping. Thus. the inhibition of
agglutination demonstrates the presence of
antibody and immunity.
The new test is so simple and reliable
that a physician can determine within three
JANUARY 1967
Medical Care at Expo 67
About 30,000 to 42,000 persons will
require medical care during the six-month
International Exhibition in Montreal this
summer - and Expo 67 officials will
be ready for them.
Medical aid at Expo will be provided
in two main types of facility: first aid
stations and medical aid clinics. As well,
more than 1,500 personnel will be pre-
pared to administer emergency first aid
treatment on the spot.
Medical Aid Clinic
Four Medical
Aid clinics will
be set up, one
in each sector
- Mackay Pier,
lie Sainte-Hélè-
ne, La Ronde,
and TIe Notre-
Dame. Each of
these will be a
IO-bed hospital with facilities and staff
to care for patients for up to 24 hours.
if necessary.
Negotiations are in progress to have
the clinics serve as an extension facility
of four of the larger Montreal hospitals.
Patients requiring longer term hospitaliza-
tion or more intensive care than the lO-
bed facility can offer will be transferred
to one of the larger institutions.
Clinics will have two wards - one of
four beds, another of six - kitchen. re-
ception. treatment and service rooms.
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First Aid Posts
As well as the clinics, there will be
hours whether an expectant mother has anti-
bodies against the disease. It is also capable
of detecting immunity years after infection.
The major hazard of rubella virus lies
in the risk of its transmission to the fetus
during early pregnancy, resulting in such
defects as blindness. deafness. congenital
hean disease. and brain involvement result-
ing in mental retardation.
Since the new immunity test is so inexpen-
sive and easy to perform, it is expected to
become routinely available in hospitals.
health depanments. and other laboratories
within the near future.
leukemia and Mongolism
Investigated
A paper prepared by the National Cancer
Institute. National Institutes of Health.
Bethesda, Maryland, examines the effects
of maternal age and binh order on the risk
of mongolism and leukemia. Authors
Charles Stark and Nathan Mantel study
children born in Michigan during 1950-64.
They discovered a striking association
between maternal age and mongolism. but
two first aid posts in each sector. These
will be open from 9:00 a.m. to 1:00 a.m.
and will be staffed by St. John Ambu-
lance personnel.
Many of the pavilions and exhibit
areas are also planning first aid facilities.
These will work
closely with the
Expo-sponsor-
ed services.
Six ambulances
will be provided
for transpon of
patients on the
Expo grounds
and for taking
patients to city hospitals.
Forecasts
Expo officials are expecting about
270,000 people to visit the huge site
each day. Based on statistics from the
Brussels. New York, and cther major
exhibitions. about 380 people will require
treatment for first aid each day; I 15- ISO
will be referred to Medical Aid Clinics;
and about 8 to 20 will require hospitali-
zation. Facilities are expected to handle
this number with relative ease.
The most common disorders anticipated
to require medical care at Expo are:
minor cuts, falls. sprains, heat stroke,
hean attacks. food poisoning. drownings.
and maternity cases.
In addition, Expo has worked closely
with the Quebec Government Emergency
Measures Organization to prepare a dis-
aster plan for the area.
found that birth order did not independently
affect the ri
k of mongolism. On the other
hand, both maternal age and birth order
independently affected the risk of death
from leukemia.
Risk of death from leukemia decreased
with advancing birth order and increased
with advancing maternal age. Except for the
older maternal age groups, these trends for
leukemia are in contrast to the effects of
maternal age and binh order on death due
to all causes. This contrast suggests that
maternal age and binh order may be closely
associated with the etiological agents of
childhood leukemia.
Ontario Hospital Receives Grant
National Health and Welfare Minister
Allan J. MacEachen has announced that a
federal grant of $281,938 for the Leaming-
ton District Memorial Hospital has been
approved. The grant will assist construction
and renovation programs for the hospital.
A new addition will provide space for
80 active treatment beds and 14 chronic
care beds.
(Continued on page 14)
THE CANADIAN NURSE 13
news
(Continued from paRe 13)
Renovations will improve patients' rooms
in the existing building. They will also pro-
vide for improving and expanding the kit-
chen, x-ray depanment, laboratories, deliv-
ery and operating rooms.
The work is expected to be completed
next month.
Parents Enthusiastic
About Hearing-Test Program
A new program to detect hearing defects
in newborn children has been launched at
the Jewish General Hospital in Montreal.
Dr. David Halperin, otolaryngologist-in-
chief of the hospital. said the object of the
program is to develop normal speech in the
deaf child so that he may attend regular
school classes by the time he reaches school
age. "Until now, even though hearing loss
in children could be detected at an early
age, nothing could be done for them. This
hearing loss resulted in development of
speech defects," he said.
Three different, small, ponable machines,
which have recently become available, can
test hearing ability within days after birth.
This breakthrough makes it possible to in-
stitute the corrective program at the hos-
pital. When deafness is detected in a child
at binh, he can now be supplied with a
hearing aid by the time he is six months old.
Parents of newborn children at the Jewish
General Hospital have responded enthusias-
tically to the project. Upon admission to
hospital, the mother-to-be receives a bi-
lingual leaflet explaining the program.
The leaflet says that "the incidence of
hearing loss at birth is very small - one out
of a thousand newborns will have such a
problem. If this one in a thousand is de-
tected within the first few weeks after birth,
the development of speech defe.::ts will be
avoided by taking immediate and appro-
priate training and educational measures."
To test as many infants as possible, the
hospital's clinic for communication disorders
is working closely with its pediatric clinic
and with the Herzl Health Service Centre.
The cooperation of private pediatricians has
also been obtained.
The hearing testing program is twofold.
Under the supervision of the hospital's au-
diologist, Miss Sylvia Dubitsky, specially
trained volunteers conduct tests either in
the mother's room or in the nursery. After
repeated testing to confirm the findings,
any infant whose hearing is found to be
impaired is sent to the McGill Project for
Deaf Children for education and training.
The McGill Proje.::t is under the direction of
Facts about
Registered Nurses
in Canada
Source: Research Unit,
Canadian Nurses
Association, 1966
14 THE CANADIAN NURSE
age
Daniel Ling, fonnerly principal of the Oral
School for the Deaf and a leading authority
in his field. The Project is staffed by teach-
ers specially trained for the work.
The Royal Victoria and Queen Elizabeth
Hospitals are both setting up hearing test-
ing programs similar to that now in opera-
tion at the Jewish General Hospital.
"It is our ultimate aim to make it pos-
sible for every child with congenital hearing
defects to attend a regular school at school
entrance age," said Dr. Halperin. "There
is no need, with all the facilities available,
for any child to be isolated as a handicapped
individual."
Anti-Smoking Measures Continue
A Smoking Withdrawal Study Center has
opened in Toronto under the direction of
Dr. N. Delarue of the University of Toron-
to and Dr. G. W. O. Moss, Deputy Medical
Officer of Health for the City of Toronto.
This experimental center hopes to deve-
lop new approaches to assist adults to stop
smoking as well as to determine reasons for
the successes or failures observed.
One of the basic objectives of the Can-
adian Smoking and Health Program is to
encourage smokers to discontinue the habit.
Through health education it is also endea-
voring to dissuade non-smokers from acquir-
ing the habit.
35 - 44: 20.3 %
II
45 - 54: 15.0 %
g
55 and over:
10.5 %
.
Age not reported:
7.9%
&I
24 & under: 12.7 %
o 25 - 34: 33.7 %
JANUARY 1967
news
PMAC Head Urges Stronger
Patent Laws
The Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Asso-
ciation of Canada believes that stronger pat-
ent laws are needed to encourage pharmaceu-
tical production and research in Canada.
Association president, Dr. Wm. W. Wigle,
told the Commons Special Committee on
Drug Costs and Prices recently that patents
and the economic incentives they provide
are essential to the discovery and continuing
flow of health-restoring and life-saving phar-
maceuticals.
Stressing the dangers inherent in any sug-
gestion that drug costs could be lowered by
abolishing patents, Dr. Wigle said "from
a therapeutic point of view it would be a
medical catastrophe because research for
new cures would be seriously arrested." He
suggested that from an economic point of
view it would destroy a growing industry
and reduce it to nothing more than a collec-
tion of import houses and imitators.
PMAC's patent advisor, Gordon Hender-
son, Q. c., pointed out to the committee
that a patent not only encourages inven-
tion through research but constitutes an
incentive to production. "The abolition of
patents would lead to the Canadian market
becoming dependent upon foreign producers
with the risk that necessary drugs might be-
come unavailable in times of great need," he
said.
The association recommends that patent
protection for drugs be strengthened by per-
mitting patents on drug products rather than
just on manufacturing processes as at present.
Manitoba Doctors Want
Higher Pay
Manitoba doctors have threatened to with-
draw from the province's doctor-operated
medical insurance plan unless their demands
for higher remuneration are met.
The Manitoba Medical Service covers
about 600,000 of the province's 1,000,000
people. Doctors now receive payment on the
basis of 80 percent of their operating fee
schedule. They want 100 percent and threa-
ten to withdraw from the plan by July I,
1967, if they do not get it.
At a special meeting of the Manitoba Me-
dical Association, some 200 doctors endorsed
a resolution by president-elect, Dr. G. E.
Mosher, asking that MMS achieve full pay-
ment of the fee schedule by mid-1967.
According to Dr. Mosher, the pro-rating
principle was used when MMS was establi-
shed because it was needed to keep the ser-
vice solvent and the service was intended
for low-income subscribers. "We cannot
stand aside and idly watch economic factors
wear away our standards until we are giving,
and are receiving, assembly-line medicine."
Dr. Mosher said that if the MMS failed
JANUARY 1967
to comply with the resolution, he would
ask every doctor in Manitoba for a signed,
undated letter, opting out of the plan.
If the doctors' demand is met, it could
mean an increase in MMS subscriber fees of
between 20 and 25 percent.
Doctors say if !hey pull out of MMS,
their services will still be available to their
patient
- but on a direct basis.
U.S. Study Reveals Shortage
of Hospital Personnel
A new study of health manpower sup-
ply and needs in United States' hospitals
reveals significant shortages in all categories
of professional and technical personnel.
The U.S. Department of Health, Educa-
tion and Welfare announced recently that
comprehensive information on hospital man-
power is now available from a study made
jointly by the American Hospital Associa-
tion and the Public Health Service.
The study was made to determine the
number of personnel employed, current
vacancies, and estimates of personnel needs.
Data from the first 4,600 hospitals which
reported have been used to estimate totals
for all 7,100 hospitals in the United States
registered by the American Hospital Asso-
ciation. These reports indicate that the total
number of professional, technical, and auxi-
liary personnel employed in hospitals is
about 1.4 million. About 275,000 additional
professional and technical personnel would
In the Nightingale Tradition
I'
\
At a dinner party in Victoria, British
Columbia, 40 members of the Victo-
ria Unit of the Nursing Sisters' Asso-
ciation of Canada heard Mrs. G.
Stewart, who was dressed to repre-
sent Florence Nightingale, read an
address originally given by Miss
Nightingale to her students at St.
Thomas' Hospital, England, in 1881.
The theme of the evening was "Cen-
tennial," and many of those attend-
ing wore period costumes.
be needed to provide optimum patient care,
an increase of about 20 percent over present
staffing. Over 80,000 more professional
nurses and more than 40,000 practical
nurses are needed. Some 50,000 aides are
needed in general hospitals; another 30,000
in psychiatric institutions. Over 9,000 more
medical technologists, almost 7,000 social
workers, and about 4,000 more physical
therapists, x-ray technologists, and surgical
technicians are needed.
Most urgent needs are for nurses, practical
nurses, and aides. High on the urgent list,
too, are medical technologists, laboratory
assistants, radiologic technologists, dietitians,
physical therapists, occupational therapists,
and social workers.
Cmadian-Designed Device
Measures Hidden Skull Pressure J
A University of Saskatchewan biomedical
engineering student has developed a device
to measure intracranial pressure precisely.
The instrument, created by Gerald Wade,
was described at the Canadian Medical and
Biological Engineering Conference in Otta-
wa. It may permit diagnosis of such serious
conditions as hydrocephalus in infants be-
fore brain damage occurs.
A fluid-filled transducer is placed against
the fontanelle. The transducer feeds into
an electronic recording device that gives a
dial reading. The instrument makes 20 se-
parate determinations of the cerebrospinal
fluid and provides a visual readout of the
average fluid.
The device is presently being used as a
research instrument. Mr. Wade sees wide
potential use for it in routine screening of
newborn infants for the detection of ab-
normal intracranial pressures.
Two-Day Conference Set on
Rural Health
Rural-urban Health Relationships will be
the theme of the 20th National Conference
on Rural Health to be held March 10-11,
1967, at Charlotte, North Carolina.
The conference will explore new needs and
report on new developments in community
planning and responsibility for health fa-
cilities and services; future patterns of per-
sonal health care; rural accident prevention
and first aid instruction; and health man-
power - planning and utilizing.
There is no registration fee for the con-
ference, which will convene at 9:00 A.M..
Friday, March 10. Registration opens at
7:30 A.M.. March 10.
Cooperating organizations include Co-
operative Extension Services, Farm Organi-
zations, Medical Associations and Auxilia-
ries, Health Departments, Allied Health Or-
ganizations, Women's Groups, Agricultural
News Media, and Continuing Education
Groups.
Further details are available from the
Council on Rural Health, American Medical
Association, S3S North Dearborn Street,
Chicago, Illinois, 60610.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 1S
names
With "no intention
of reminiscing about
past efforts, past fai-
lures, missed opportu-
nities. small accom-
plishments," Dorothy
M. Percy retires. J an-
uary 6, 1967, as chief
nursing consultant for
the Department of
National Health and Welfare.
Her many friends. admirers and colleagues
who honored her at a testimonial dinner
last September did not share her concepts
of herself.
She was recognized by Katherine Mac-
Laggan, president of CNA, as "a woman
who is an advisor on nursing, a consultant
on nursing, a remarkable nurse, a pioneer,
a success in the eyes of her peers and a
recipient of love."
Miss Percy, born and educated in Ottawa,
began her nursing career in 1924 with her
graduation from the Toronto General Hos-
pital School of Nursing. The following
year she qualified in public health nursing at
the University of Toronto.
Before joining the Victorian Order of
Nurses in 1927, Miss Percy served as head
nurse in the medical ward of the Ottawa
Civic Hospital. It was while she was in
charge of publicity at national office that
Miss Percy organized the VON's first mari-
onette show at the Toronto Exhibition.
From 1934 to 1941 she was part of the
teaching faculty of the University of Toron-
to. Immediately following her teaching
career, Miss Percy enlisted with RMAC, and
after a year at the Camp Borden Military
Hospital. proceeded overseas to Canadian
General Hospitals in Great Britain. She re-
turned to Canada in 1944 and was appointed
matron at the Petawawa Military Hospital.
Following the war, Dorothy Percy served
as executive secretary of the Division of
Health of the Welfare Council of Toronto.
A year later. 1947. she was appointed to
head the new division of nursing under the
Department of National Health and Welfare.
In 1953, Miss Percy was appointed chief
nursing consultant to the Department of
National Health and Welfare, in which ca-
pacity "she has been called upon to inter-
pret government policy and suggest the ap-
propriate ways and means of attaining objec-
tives."
"
""':; ,
.
-
...
Plans for retirement? Miss Percy says, ".
can't answer that at the moment. I'm much
too busy getting down to the dreary chore
of cleaning out desk drawers and filing
cabinets!"
16 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Mildred Irene Wal-
ker, senior nursing
consultant in the occu-
pational health divi-
sion of the National
Health and Welfare
Department, retired
November 30. 1966.
Her busy and vari-
ed nursing career be-
gan in 1924 with her graduation from the
Victoria Hospital School of Nursing. Lon-
don. Ontario. The following year, Miss
Walker received her certificate in public
health nursing from the University of West-
ern Ontario.
Miss Walker's nursing career has been
largely administr.ative. Following a short
period of private duty nursing at Victoria
Hospital, London, Ontario. she became a
public health nurse in the town of Weston,
Ontario.
After two years she joined the staff of
the Ontario department of health where she
worked for three years. In 1930 Miss Walker
joined the faculty of the University of West-
ern Ontario as a lecturer. She later became
an assistant professor of nursing and served
as chief of the division of study for gradu-
ate nurses in the Institute of Public Health
at the University.
Upon completion of her advanced study
at Columbia University, New York. Miss
Walker accepted the position of supervising
nurse at Phillips Electrical Company, Brock-
ville. Ontario.
In 1949 Miss Walker became senior nurs-
ing consultant in the occupational health
division of the Department of National
Health and Welfare. Ottawa. In this posi-
tion she was responsible for developing the
present industrial nursing program.
On her retirement. November 30, 1966.
Miss Walker was looking forward to "the
first leisurely Christmas in years. and future
enjoyment of a summer cottage on the St.
Lawrence River."
"
...
A new member has
joined the editorial
staff of THE CANADIAN
NURSE. Carla Dianne
Penn, born in London.
England, received her
education in Canada.
She attended the Uni-
versity of Ottawa
where she recently re-
ceived her B.A. (English). Miss Penn as-
sumed the position of editorial assistant
in October. This is a new editorial position
created to help meet the journal's expand-
ing needs.
--.
-
Cathryn Lillian Mar-
tin, a native of Tex-
as, joined the staff of
McMaster University
School of Nursing in
Hamilton, Ontario.
this year. This is a first
Canadian position for
Miss Martin, who is a
graduate of the School
of Nursing of Tuskegee Institute, Alabama.
She also holds a B.Sc.N. from the Institute
and an M.A. in curriculum and teaching
maternal-child health from Columbia Uni-
versity. New York. In 1965 she obtained
her master of education with a major in
guidance.
Prior to her appointment as assistant profes-
sor of nursing at McMaster, Miss Martin
held positions in various hospitals and
schools of nursing in Texas, including her
most recent as assistant professor at the
Tuskegee Institute.
-
A. Joyce Bailey re-
cently assumed the po-
sition of assistant di-
rector of nursing ser-
vice at The Wellesley
Hospital, Toronto Ont-
ario, Miss Bailey, a
1956 graduate of The
I Wellesley Hospital
School of Nursing, re-
ceived her B.Sc.N. from the University of
Toronto in 1964. The following year she
was awarded the Canadian Nurses' Founda-
tion Scholarship and is presently completing
her thesis for Western Reserve University,
Cleveland, Ohio.
Prior to her present position as assistant
director of nursing service, Miss Bailey
worked at various levels on the staff of The
Wellesley Hospital, including general staff
nurse, assistant head nurse and head nurse.
Rita J. Lussier has
been appointed nurs-
ing coordinator at the
Expo '67 pavillion
__ "Man and His Health."
Miss Lussier gradu-
ated from the School
of Nursing of the Mai-
sonneuve Hospital and
later obtained nursing
experience in cardiac surgery at the Mon-
treal Children's Hospital. She received her
baccalaureate in nursing science from J'lnsti-
tut Marguerite d'Y ouville in 1962. During
the next three years, Miss Lussier taught at
the School of Nursing at the Maisonneuve
JANUARY 1967
names
Hospital, ,md in 1965 ....,IS named ,I'sistant
director of nursing service in charge of the
inservice teaching program.
Miss Lussier is on loan to Expo from the
Maisonneuve Hospital.
Lieutenant Colonel
Muriel E. Everett. ad-
ministrator of the
Salvation Army Grace
General Hospital. SI.
St. James. Manitoba.
recently received a fel-
lowship in the Amer-
ican College of Ho-.-
pital Administrators.
Lieul. Colonel Everett, a native of Perth,
Au
tralia. served with the Australian Forces
in the Far East as a nursing sister and held
various appointments in her homeland be-
fore moving to Canada in 1951. She has
held various positions in Canada. chiefly of
an administrative nature. and has been ad-
ministrator of the Grace General since I 96:!.
Another addition to
the McMaster Univer-
sity School of Nursing
staff is Gertrude Fran-
ces Burns. Miss Burns,
a graduate of the
Marymount School of
Nursing, Sudbury Gen-
eral Hospital, Sudbury,
Ontario, is a lecturer
in medical-surgical nursing.
After graduation Miss Burns worked as
staff nurse on medical and surgical nursing
wards at the Sudbury General Hospital. In
1964 she went to McGill University in
Momreal where she obtained a diploma in
supervision and teaching and her bachelor's
degree in nursing and nursing education.
Between her university sessions and until
her present appointment as lecturer, Miss
Burns worked at The Montreal General
Hospital.
..J.
-I
....
....
The new director of nursing at the Kirk-
land and District Hospital, Kirkland Lake.
Ontario is Annikki Huhtanen.
Miss Huhtanen. a 1940 graduate of the
School of Nursing in Viipuri, Finland,
served in the Finninsh Army nursing service
for four years following graduation. The
next four years she worked as a staff nurse
at the Central Military Hospital, Helsinki.
Miss Huhtanen moved to Canada in 1949.
and immediately began nursing at The
Montreal General Hospital. After four years
she moved to the Temiskaming Hospital.
Temiskaming, Quebec, and in 1955 she
moved again, this time to the Stevenson
Memorial Hospital, Alliston. Ontario.
In 1960 Miss Huhtanen returned to Fin-
land where she completed a course for di-
JANUARY 1967
rector
and administrators in the nur,ing
field. Upon her return to Canada, she be-
came director of nursing. as well as super-
visor-administrator at the Cottage Hospital.
Uxbridge. Ontario.
Now in Kirkland Lake, Miss Huhtanen
takes over supervisory dUlie
from Miss
Gertrude Koivll. who is no.... working to-
ward her nursing degree in Montreal.
The new director of nursing spent two
years in postgraduate study: one year in
cero-bacteriology and one year in laboratory
work in clinical hem otology.
Her new duties include the charge of the
nursing staff of 124 as well as responsibiiity
for the staff of the central supply service
and the operating room personnel.
Grace Elisabeth Ter-
ry, a 1963 graduate
of the Victoria Hospi-
tal. London, Ontario.
is a new lecturer in
nursing at Hamilton"s
.J J McMaster University.
The past three years
have been busy for
Miss Terry. In 1964 she received her
B.Sc.N. in nursing education from the Uni-
versity of Western Ontario in London;
throughout 1965 and 1966 she held positions
as part-time lecturer in nursing at McMaster,
general duty nurse at the Henderson Gen-
eral Hospital, Hamilton, and, finally, as-
sistant head nurse in the same hospital.
Margaret G. Arnstein, well-known to
Canadian nurses for her leadership in the
profession, has retired from the U.S. Public
Health Service to accept a professorship
with the School of Public Health at the
University of Michigan.
As nurse director in the Service's Com-
missioned Corps, Miss Arnstein had been
heading a nursing unit to serve health pro-
grams of the Agency for International
Development, with special emphasis on the
nurse and midwife role in the new programs
of population control and nutrition. Her
previous assignment was to the Rockefeller
Foundation AID-Study of the preparation
of health manpower in developing countries.
From 1949 to 1964, Miss Arnstein direct-
ed programs that promoted the effective
utilization and expansion of nursing service
skills in all the States, that stimulated and
supported the advancement of research in
nursing, and that influenced the improve-
ment and growth of nursing education. She
was instrumental in the development of both
the U.S. Nurse Training Act of 1964 and
the earlier legislation providing Federal
traineeships to enable nurses to receive the
educational preparation necessary for leader-
ship positions.
A graduate of the Presbyterian Hospital
School of Nursing, New York, Miss Arn-
stein earned her baccalaureate degree at
.
..
\
FOR WOMEN ONLY
. . . LAXATIVE NEWS!
"When I think of the suffering I could
have avoided if I'd known about COR-
RECTOL" sooner! A friend recommended
it and we've found it fine for every age
group from Grandma to ten-year-old
daughter." - Mrs. E.H.
CORRECTOL has been 'Specially developed
for a woman's delicate system. Its secret
is a non-laxative regulatar that simply
softens waste. And, CORRECTOL contains
just enough mild laxative to give regu-
larity a start. Working together, these
two gentle ingredients in CORRECTOL
give a woman effective relief, even fol-
lowing childbirth.
CORRECTOL
.reg'd. T.M., Pharmaco (Canada) Ltd.
COLOR SLIDE PROGRAMS
ON: COLOSTOMY
AND ILEOSTOMY
P. O. MANAGEMENT
Contoin anatomicol diagrams and phOfos
demonstrating fhe step-by-step procedures
for properly coring for the patient posf-
operafively. Complete with outhoritotive
commentary on the Professionol and nurse-
potienf level.
r----------------------
TO: UNITEO SURGICAL SUPPLIES CO., INC.
154 Midland Ave.,Port Chester,N.V .,U.S.A.
pleose send me your FREE
descriptive literature :# 738 C.N.
NAME:
ADDRESS,
CITY,
STATE,
ZIP,
L._______J
UMÆDSURG
ALSUP
SCO.WC
PQRf CHESTER NEW VOR
THE CANADIAN NURSE 17
POSEY BELT No. 4157
This Posey Belt may be used on a patient in
a chair or bed. When used on a patient in a
chair, it is slipped over the patient's head with
the 51 iding section of the belt in the front of
the patient. The long strap goes in back of the
patient; the ends are taken back of the chair
and hooked together. When this Posey Belt is
usen on a patient in bed, it is sl ipped over the
patient's head with the long strap at the pa-
tient's back. Tl,e snaps on the belt are hooked
to a strap with a liD" ring which has been
attached to the spring rail of the bed_ Made of
2" heavy webbing. May be laundered. Avail.
able in small, medium and large sizes. No.
4157. $9.90 ea.
., (') 0
. . .
THE POSEY MITT
To limit patient's hand activity. An adjustable
strap attached to the mitt and the side rail ot
the spring determine limit of movement. Can
be laundered by ordinary methods. Comforta-
ble, and prevents patient's scratching, pulling
out catheter, nasal tube, etc. Available Small,
Medium and Large. No. C-212-(both sides
flexible) $6.30 each - $12.60 per pair. No.
R-212-(palm side rigid) $6.60 each-$13.20
per pair.
,
'i
'. -
. $''''
, - .
.'i1 ( .t -
" .' 4"
...",
ð'"r
...
........
".
WRIST OR ANKLE RESTRAINT
A friendly restraint available in infant, small,
medium and large sizes. Alsi widely used for
holding extremity during intravenous injection
No. P-450, $6.00 per pair, $12.00 per set. With
DECUBITUS padding, No. P.450A, $7.00 per
pair, $14.00 per set.
POSEY PRODUCTS
Stocked in Canada
B. C. HOLLINGSHEAD LIMITED
64 Gerrard Street, E.
Toronto 2, Canada
18 THE CANADIAN NURSE
names
(C01lt;I/I/Cc/ from pagc /7)
Smith College, her master of arts in public
health nursing from Columbia University,
and her master of public health from the
Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and
Public Health. She holds honorary degrees
of doctor of science from Smith College and
Wayne State University.
Arlene Elizabeth Aish, Catherine Shirley
MacLeod, Hazel Lillian Salmon, Sally Jane
Miller, and Judith Anne Ritchie have re-
cently joined the teaching staff of the School
of Nursing, University of New Brunswick
in Fredericton.
Arlene Aish, a 1958 graduate of the SchOûI
of Nursing, University of British Colum-
bia, worked as staff nurse at the Vancouver
General Hospital and as public health nurse
with the Toronto Department of Health
before continuing her studies. In 1961 she
obtained her master of nursing from the
University of Washington, Seattle, and
worked for the next four years as a lecturer
at the University of Toronto School of
Nursing. Miss Aish is presently an assistant
professor at the School of Nursing, Uni-
versity of New Brunswick.
Shirley Macleod, a native of Denmark,
Nova Scotia, received her training at the
l'"foncton Hospital School of Nursing in
1949. The following year she completed an
obstetrical clinical course at the Margaret
Hague Maternity Hospital in Jersey City.
N.J. The next seven years Miss MacLeod
spent as obstetrical supervisor at the Monc-
ton Hospital. Before taking up her new ap-
pointment as lecturer at the University of
New Brunswick School of Nursing, Miss
MacLeod received her baccalaureate degree
from McGill University and was obstetrical
clinical instructor at the Moncton Hospital
School of Nursing.
..
Hazel Salmon, a 1946 graduale of The
Montreal General Hospital School of
Nursing, has covered much territory in her
nursing career. After receiving a certificate
in public health nursing from McGill Uni-
versity, Miss Salmon spent three years as
taff nurse with the New Brunswick Depart-
ment of Health. From 1952 to 1955 she
erved with the Victorian Order of Nurses
in Woodstock, New Brunswick. Miss Salmon
Ihen headed north to work with the Indian
and Northern Health Services in White-
horse, Yukon, for two years as public
he ,11th nurse and then went west to the
Calgary area for two years in the same
capacity. In 1962 she obtained her bachelor
of nursing from Dalhousie University, N.S..
and in 1964 her master of (applied) science
from McGill. Prior to her present appoint-
ment as lecturer at the School of Nursing.
University of New Brunswick, Miss Salmon
was supervisor of nursing with the Temis-
kaming Health Unit, Kirkland Lake, Onto
Sally Jane Miller, from Edmundston, New
Brunswick, graduated from the School of
Nursing, University of New Brunswick in
1964. Following graduation, she worked as
general duty nurse at the Hotel-Dieu de
Saint-Joseph in Edmundston. Her new po-
sition is clinical instructor at the University
of New Bnmswick School of Nursing.
Judith Ritchie is another new clinical in-
structor at the U.N.B. School of Nursing.
Miss Ritchie obtained her B.N. from the
University of New Brunswick in 1965 and
spent the following year as general duty
nurse at the Montreal Children's Hospital.
Margaret Harrison, Norma Jaenen, Edythe
Huffman, Marie Knelsen, and Jessie Hibbert
were recently appointed to the School of
Nursing Faculty at the Calgary General
Hospital. Returning to the Faculty after
completion of studies are Coralea Toney,
Elaine Parfitt, Barbara Dobbie and Judy Ban-
natyne.
Mrs. Harrison, a graduate in nursing
science at the University of British Co-
lumbia, is leaching surgical nursing.
Mrs. Jaenen, an instructor in orthopedic
nursing, obtained her B.Sc.N. from the Uni-
versity of Saskatchewan.
l'"frs. Huffman, a former graduate of the
School of Nursing. Calgary General Hos-
pital, served as senior health nurse in the
Flin Flon, l'"fanitoba Health Unit, and also
worked with the Winnipeg Health De p.! rt-
ment prior to her new position. She is pre-
sently instructor in obstetrical nursing.
Mrs. Knelsen, another graduate of the
School of Nursing, Calgary General Hospi-
tal, obtained a diploma in public health
nursing from the University of l'"faniloba.
She is assistant instructor in nursing arls and
also teaches pharmacology.
Mrs. Hibbert, a new instructor in psychi-
atric nursing, graduated from the Winnipeg
General Hospital School of Nursing. She
later attended the San Francisco State Col-
lege where she earned her B.A. in nursing
and her M.A. in education. At UCLA Mrs.
Hibbert obtained her Master's in psychiatric
nursing.
l'"fiss Toney, a graduate of the Winnipeg
General Hospital School of Nursing, has re-
turned to the Calgary General Hospital
School of Nursing after completing her
bachelor of nursing degree at McGill. She
is instructor in gynecology.
Mrs. Parfitt. who recently compleled her
B.Sc.N. at Ihe University of Alberta is teach-
ing growth and development. ophthamology,
and urology.
Miss Dobbie, an instructor in pediatric
nursing, obtained her bachelor of nursing
degree from McGill University in Montreal.
Mrs. Bannatyne, an instructor in medical
nursing, recently earned her bachelor of
science in nursing degree from the Uni-
versity of Alberta.
JANUARY 1967
names
An Honorary Life Membership in the
Nova Scotia Branch of The Canadian Public
Health Association was awarded recently to
Edna Pitts who retired from public health
nursing in 1964.
The award was made in recognition of
her "diligent and conscientious approach to
nursing care" and for her many years of
devoted service to public health nursing
in Nova Scotia.
Miss Pitts' busy nursing career began
with her graduation from St. Mary's Hos-
pital, Brooklyn, New York. A course in
public health nursing at Columbia Univer-
sity prepared her for the position of public
health nurse with the Provincial Depart-
ment of Health in Cape Breton, where she
worked for two years. In 1939 she was
transferred to the staff of Lunenburg-
Queens-Shelburne Division and, in 1955, to
the Atlantic Health Unit, a position she
held until her retirement in 1964.
Miss Pitts wiII long be remembered for
her "family centered" approach to nursing
and for her keen interest in the affairs of
the community in which she worked.
Anita Germaine has been appointed director
:>f nursing service at the Scarborough Cen-
enary Hospital, West HiII, Ontario.
Miss Gennaine is a graduate of the Gen-
ral Hospital School of Nursing. Pembroke,
Ontario. Her experience includes nursing
iervice, nursing education, and employment
in various levels of management in a large
ransportation industry.
On her return from England in 1960,
,he was assistant dean and consultant for
an air career school, primarily interested in
procedure, manuals and methods of per-
ionnel training for various transportation
agencies in Canada and Africa.
Miss Gennaine joined the staff of Scar-
borough General Hospital in 1963 as an
instructor in the registered nurse assistant
school, and from 1964 to 1966 was asso-
::iate director of nursing service, coordinator
of staff development and education pro-
grams, and responsible for management de-
velopment training within the hospital.
Dianne J. Hoffinger and Alma M. Daisley
were both awarded $1,000 bursaries from
the Saskatchewan Registered Nurses' Asso-
.:JÌation.
Miss Hoffinger, a native of Regina, Sas-
katchewan, is presently completing her
nursing degree at the University of Al-
berta in Edmonton.
Miss Daisley, a 1963 graduate of the Sas-
katoon City Hospital School of Nursing, is
presently in her final year of the nursing
program at the University of Western On-
tario, London.
The SRNA bursary fund was established
JANUARY 1967
in 1964 10 provide financial assistance for
registered nurses in postgraduate studies or
in the final years of baccalaureate programs.
The fund is financed from interest received
from association investments and from dona-
tions and endowments.
The 1966 winner of the ARNN bursary
is Donna Le Drew. The $150 bursary, offered
by the Gander Chapter of the Association
of Registered Nurses of Newfoundland, is
to be offered annually to a student in the
Gander area who has been accepted at one
of the schools of nursing. Miss Le Drew
commenced her nursing education at the
General Hospital, St. John's, this October.
Louise Dupuis, in her final year at the Uni-
versity of Ottawa School of Nursing, and
Verna Jardine, at the University of New
Brunswick School of Nursing, were both
awarded the Muriel Archibald Scholarship.
Valued at $500, this scholarship is presented
by the New Brunswick Association of Regis-
tered Nurses.
Carolyn Wilson and Annette Frenette have
been awarded NBARN scholarships of $500
each. Miss Wilson is presently attending the
University of New Brunswick School of
Nursing while Miss Frenette is continuing
her studies at the University of Moncton
School of Nursing.
Ethel R, Irwin has been appointed senior
consultant in public health nursing in the
Local Health Services Branch, Toronto. For
two years prior to taking up her new duties,
Miss Irwin was regional consultant in public
health nursing, London, Ontario.
A graduate of the Toronto General Hos-
pital School of Nursing, Miss Irwin obtained
her certificate in administration and super-
vision from the University of Toronto
School of Nursing. In 1954 she joined the
Temiskaming Health Unit and in 1956 was
appointed regional supervisor in Northern
Ontario.
Mis Irwin returned to her studies in 1957
as a student at Teachers' College, Columbia
University. She obtained her Bachelor of
Science degree in 1961.
Dr, Philip Banister has been appointed doc-
tor at the Child and Maternal Health Divi-
sion of the Department of Health and
National Welfare. A specialist on pediatrics,
Dr. Banister will help to complete the pub-
lication on standards of hospital care for
mothers and their newborn infants. He will
also be active in preparing the first national
conference on maternal and infant hygiene,
which will take place next year in Ottawa.
Born in England, Dr. Banister received
his medical degree from Edinbourgh Uni-
versity, Scotland. He specialized in pediatrics
at the Montreal Children's Hospital as well
as in the United States and Italy. D
'-J--"
R
Namt Poo rJ
Preferred by Nurses Everywhere! J #
. i
: No.
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ANN COHN, loP. N.
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M\SS "EM) NURSE
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No.
100
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No.
169
Largesl selling among nurses I Superb lifelime qua-
lity . .. smoolh rounded edges... fealherweighl,
lies flal. . . deeply engraved, and lacquered. Snow-
white plastic will not yellow. Satisfaction guaran-
leed. GROUP DISCOUNTS. " write for full color
order envelopes, group prices.
SMART IDEA: Order 2 idonlical (samo name) Pins
at dilcount price., at precaution qoin.t 10.. and
added convenience
(I..s changing).
With 1 line Wit" 2 lines
lellerml lelleflnl
1 Pin ani, .60 .90
2 Idenllell 1.00 1.60
1 Pin onl, 1.25 1.55
2 Identlc
1 2.00 2.60
R
' t: aC g
ap. lè
-
Now remove and retas.
ten cap band instanlly
for launder in I or
replacement! Delicately
melded Cap. Toes are in.
conspicuOUs front and
back, yet sturdy far
years of service.
Choose Black. Dk. Blue or Clear
plastic with tmy gold caduceus
mot,f. __ or Sohd Black (no gOld)
6
::'.$ 1
Inl,
TO, RUYE$ COMPA"Y, AtlleÞoro. Mass. 02703
STYLE DESIRED, No. o. .hown obove.
METAL FINISH (169 or 100) Gold 0 Silver 0
LETTERING COLOR, Block 0 Dark Blue 0
Please send 0 1 Pin
o 2 PinS (same name)
LETTERING,
2nd Line;
......-------------
Please send :J 1 Pin 0 2 Pins (same name)
LETTERING:
2nd Line:
--------------
Please send 0 I Pin
o 2 Pins (same name)
LETTER I NG,
2nd Line,
Pleo.e .end .eh Cop. Ton (6 per .el)
::J Block C Ok. Blue 0 Cleor LJ Solid Block
I enclole S
(Mon. re.idenh add 3% S.T.1
Send 10
Slreel
Cily Slole Zip
NOTE: Order for 1. '2 or 3 persons on above
coupon. . . U5e extra sheet for more.
"Dilleren'" fdeas for Gills and f;lvors. Too!
THE CANADIAN NURSE 19
{
A New Text!
Kallins
TEXTBOOI< OF
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING
Here is an effective new approach to public health
nursing. stressing usable facts and principles of
public health rather than theory. Designed for courses
in Public Health Nursing, this new text integrates
essential principles of the science of public health with
the major areas of nursing knowledge and practice.
Precise, readily understood discussions give students
clear, effective guidelines and principles upon which
to base their nursing diagnosis and intervention
for the protection of health as well as prevention of
disease and disability. You will find up-to-the-minute
evaluations of current solutions to such new
public health problems as mental health, drug
addiction, alcoholism, air pollution control, poison
and radiation control, housing and slum situations,
rehabilitation, control of heart disease and cancer,
as well as nursing education. TEXTBOOK OF
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING sheds new light on
the growing dimension of this specialized area of
nursing practice and gives the student nurse a
thorough understanding of her potential role in the
various public health areas. You will appreciate the
flexible design of this new text, and its adaptability to
your individual classroom situation.
By ETHEL L. KALLINS, R.N., B.S., M.P.H., Assistant Professor
of Public Health and Public Health Nursing, St. Joseph College,
Division of Nursing, Emmitsburg, Maryland. Publication date:
January, 1967. Approx. 375 pages, 6Yz" x 9Yz", 57 illustrations.
About $8.10.
20 THE CANADIAN NURSE
1
we ·
lf6" fPttJ'
wid a ð4
tIteVt
tie fUVU
New 2nd Edition!
Heckel-Jordan
PSYCHOLOGY
The Nurse and the Patient
The new 2nd edition of this stimulating textbc
has been revised and updated to give the nurs,
a working knowledge of psychology so that sl
in turn, can deal more effectively with the mar
of patients she encounters. This text can hell
students clearly see the importance of psychol
in achieving satisfactory nurse-patient relation
Designed for basic courses in psychology in b(
diploma and degree programs in Schools of
Professional Nursing, this new 2nd edition ha
carefully revised to provide a completely curn
in-depth presentation of general psychology æ
relates to the field of nursing. Extremely read
easy to understand, this new edition can help 1
student relate psychological principles to her (
experiences as a student, as a nurse and as a p
This edition examines its subject in greater de
than the previous edition and includes all tht
views and concepts. An entirely new chapter
on sensation can provide your students with a
understanding of this subject.
By ROBERT V. HECKEL, B.S., M.S., Ph.D., Professor of F
Director of Clinical Training, and Director of the Psycho"
Services Center, University of Soutt: Carolina, Columb
and ROSE M. JORDAN, B.S., R.N., Supervision of In-Sen
Education, Gracewood State School and Hospital, Gracey,
Publication date: January, 1967. 2nd edition, approx. 36
6Yz" x 9Yz", 88 illustrations. Price, $8.10.
JANUARY 1967
texú tð Iedp
11t
d
þt
New Book!
;h- Wagner
JRI<BOOI< FOR
NECOlOGIC NURSING
ynecologic disorders, many underlying
hological factors are more disturbing to
>atient than the fact her physical health is
ted. This new workbook assists the
nt nurse in becoming aware of this
donal involvement and in learning how
, explanation is within the scope of
ing care. Giving close attention to both
heory and clinical experiences involved in
cologic nursing. the authors specifically
s the equal importance of student
vledge of reproductive anatomy and
iology, and their awareness of the
'nt's emotional involvement.
eeding from the basic to the clinical,
workbook explains the anatomy and
iology of the female reproductive organs,
describes puberty, the gynecologic
lination and the nurse in the clinic,
"ders of menstruation, functional and
unctional bleeding. and the menopause.
mg its timely discussions are those
acterizing genital anomalies, gynecologic
lems in marriage, pelvic inflammatory
ise. and neoplasms of the uterus
ovaries.
flexible design of this workbook makes it
ly suited for use with any required text
select. Perforated, punched pages
v removal of completed assignments for
ing and accumulation in a ring binder
uture reference. Self-examination tests
ncluded and a separate, 20 page answer
is provided for the instructor.
)NSTANCE lERCH, R.N., B.S., (Ed.); and JOANNE
GNER, R.N., B.S. (Nurs.). Publication date:
'ry, 1967. Approx. 130 pages, 7 1 "" x 10%",
rated, perforated and punched. About $3.80.
New 7th Edition!
Jessee
SELF-TEACHING TESTS
IN ARITHMETIC FOR NURSES
Here is a simple, direct approach to basic arithmetic
and its application to problems in dosages and solutions.
Flexibly designed for use as either a self-teaching text
or for classroom instruction, this book can help your
student develop sufficient knowledge and skill in arithmetic
so that she can learn to safely administer medications
in the proper dosage. To bring it into closer conformity
with modern mathematics, this new edition has been
rewritten and expanded to incorporate new information
and changes in terminology.
This new edition has been designed with perforated,
punched pages that can be easily removed from the text,
handed in and/or kept in a separate book or folder.
The achievement tests have been printed on separate pages
so that, if desired, you can use them in evaluating the
progress of your students. You will also appreciate
the convenience of the separate answer book, provided
with each copy at no additional cost.
By RUTH W. JESSEE, R.N., Ed.D., Chairman, Department of Nursing
Education, Wilkes College, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. Publication date:
March, 1967. 7th edition, approx. 164 pages, 7 1 "" x 10%",
21 illustrations. About $3.25.
New 4th Edition!
Price
A HANDBOOI< AND CHARTING
MANUAL FOR STUDENT NURSES
This unique handbook is ideally suited to (1) help the
student applicant prepare herself to meet scholastic
requirements for admission to schools of nursing and
(2) to assist the beginning student who experiences
difficulty with one or more of the courses she is taking.
It is used as a self help handbook or as a required test.
This book can help you give your students the additional
help they may need in arithmetic, spelling, vocabulary,
study habits and reading with comprehension, handwriting
and printing, and personal appearance. An important
feature of this workbook is the well written and highly
understandable presentation of the fundamentals of
charting. This section has been revised and updated
in this edition to give the student the latest accepted
methods and concepts of charting.
By ALICE l. PRICE, R.N., M.A. Publication date: January, 1967.
4th edition, approx. 220 pages, 8%" x 11", 50 illustrations.
About $5.30.
HE C. V. MOSBY COMPANY, LTD.
Publishers
86 Northline Road. Toronto 16, Ontario
JANUARY 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 21
new products
{
Descriptions are based on information
supplied by the manufacturer and are
provided only as a service to readers.
Benoxyl Lotion
(WINLEY-MORRIS)
Description - A locally effective agent for
the treatment of acne. Benoxyl lotion is a
stable preparation of Benzoyl Peroxide 5%
in a unique, greaseless, washable lotion base.
Indications - In the treatment of acne
vulgaris as an antibacterial and mild kera-
tolytic agent.
Administration - Cleanse skin with a mild
soap such as Acne-Aid detergent soap. Ap-
ply Benoxyl Lotion to affected areas with
fingertips and smooth in gently according
to the following schedule: first 4 days:
apply once daily, leave on for 2 hours, then
remove with warm water; next 4 days: apply
once daily, leave on for 4 hours, then re-
move; next three days: leave on overnight:
ultimately: apply after each washing.
Benoxyl is completely invisible on the
skin. It should be stored in a cool dark
place but not frozen.
Caution - Benoxyl is for external use
only and should be kept away from eyes,
mucous membranes and sensitive areas of
the neck. Should excessive drying or irrita-
tion occur, use should be discontinued tem-
porarily.
Disposable Toothbrush
(VENDEX)
Description - An entirely new disposable
toothbrush with its own buh-in dentifrice.
Developed by Du Pont, this nylon bristle
brush. to be distributed exclusively through
vending machines, is intended to fill a
erious gap in the dental hygiene routine of
people who find themselves away from
home without their regular toothbrush or
toothpaste.
Bristles are coated with a water-soluble
dentifrice which is activated when moistened
to perform the normal cleansing and breath-
sweetening functions of ordinary dentifrices.
Each brush is individually packaged in a
cellophane wrapper and is so economical it
may be thrown away after a single use.
Vendex International, Inc., Houston,
Texas, which has exclusive marketing rights
on the new product, will distribute the
brushes only through compact coin-operated
vending machines located in selected wash-
rooms of clubs, restaurants, airports, mo-
tels . .. "wherever there are active people
on the move." Vendex distributors are being
established in each market to serve as local
distributors for the handling of inventory
and servicing of the machines.
For additional information contact: Ro-
bert Fogle, vice president, Vendex Interna-
tional, Inc., 4125 Richmond Avenue, Hous-
ton, Texas.
22 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Infant Vascular Clamp
(SKLAR)
Use - A new vascular clamp designed
by Dr. G.A. Trusler of the University of
Toronto. The new design has proven parti-
cularly useful in Blalock anastomisis, in the
repair of infant coarctations, and in other
procedures involving small vessels in chil-
dren and infants.
Description
The shaft is thin
and springy, thus,
when fully closed,
the clamp will
neither slip nor in-
jure the vessel. The
"Z" shape of the
jaws facilitates
placing and tying
of sutures. The op-
posing jaws of the
clamp are relatively
flat, with a finely
roughened surface which provides a secure
grip, but will not split the soft intimal lining
of the vessel.
Descriptive literature (No. 280-190) is
available from J. Sklar Mfg. Co. Inc., 38-04
Woodside Avenue. Long Island City. N.Y.
11I01.
alv
TR1 UR INr
T VA. I.i.R ClAMP
6 Pak Sutures
(THOMPSON)
Description - Six non-absorbable sutures
in one p.!cket in a quick-opening "book."
This package of sterile, non-traumatic silk
utures is convenient when a number of
uture
are needed quickly by the surgeon.
The six sutures, with attached needles, are
threaded on a paper "book" having con-
venient end flaps. The folded book is sealed
and irradiation sterilized in a transparent
peelable outer envelope. The nurse or as-
sistant merely pulls the end flaps to open
the book and the sutures are ready for
instant use.
R. H. Thompson Laboratories Ltd., an
all-Canadian firm, developed this new "6
Pak." Further information may be obtained
by writing the Laboratorie
in Don Mills.
Ontario.
Acne Aid Cream
(WINLEY-MORRIS)
Description - A flesh-colored. greaseles
agent with water-washable base for the treat-
ment of acne. Acne-Aid cream is composed
of 2.5% sulfur, 1.25% resorcinol. .625%
hexachlorophene and .375% para meta
chloroxylenol.
Indications - In acne vulgaris, and where
a mild keratolytic, anti-seborrheic and anti-
microbial agent is required.
Administration - Wash the affected part
with whatever special cleanser is recom-
mended by the doctor. Dry thoroughly
without rubbing. Apply Acne-Aid Cream
with the fingertips. allowing a thin film to
remain.
Caution - Keep away from eyes and off
eyelids. Should excessive dryness or irrita-
tion develop, discontinue use temporarily.
Uroscreen Test
(PFIZER)
Description - A simple, convenient. rapid
and reliable screening test. standardized for
the detection of significant bacteriuria
(100.000 or more organi
ms per ml. of
urine) Uroscreen i
a white. dry, stable,
soluble. buffered tetrazolium reagent (2, 3.
5 triphenyl tetrazolium chloride).
Indications - The presence of significant
bacteriuria is indicated by the formation of
a pink to red precipitate - indicating a pos-
itive uroscreen test. No precipitate or a
colorless precipitate shows a negative uro-
screen test.
Procedure I. Collect urille: e3rly
morning specimen is preferable. Collect the
"midstream" specimen from men and the
"clean-catch" specimen from women. If the
test cannot be performed within 2 hour
after collection, the specimen
hould be
stored, below 10 0 C. up to 24 hours before
uroscreen testing. 2. Add to um.Kreen: Shake
urine specimen until any precipitate is
uniformly suspended. Add 2ml. of urine to
the uroscreen tube, which is marked at the
2 ml. level. Shake well until the uroscreen
reagent is completely dissolved. 3. Incubate:
Incubate at 37 0 C for 4 hours in the Uro-
screen dry-bath incubato- or other suitable
type. rmportant: do not shake or disturb the
uroscreen tube during incubation. If the
precipitate is disturbed before the reading,
the resuspended precipitate mu
t be centri-
fuged or the test repeated. 4. Read re.llllt.\: A
positive uro<;creen test (pink to red precipi-
tate) is indicative of the presence of
ignifi-
cant bacteriuria and calls for detailed bac-
teriological examination of the urine. Highly
infected urines may give a red precipitate
within I or 2 hours imd also show a red
turbidity throughout the urine. A pink to
red color, without precipitate. is negative;
a precipitate of any other color is also
negative.
Uro
creen is pre
ented in boxes of 50
te
t tubes. ready to use. A special dry-bath
incubator is available free of charge with
initial orders of 100 tubes or more.
For further information on Uroscreen and
urinary tract infections, contact Pfizer Com-
pany Ltd., 50, Place Cremazie, Montreal II.
JANUARY 1%7
dates
]
January 9-11, 1967
Second Educational Assembly on
Hospital Administration, District Eight,
Fort Garry Hotel, Winnipeg.
January 11-13 and January 16-18, 1967
Institute for Supervisors, Ramada Inn,
Vancouver, B.C.
Open to all nurses working as
supervisors or to head nurses who
assume supervisory functions.
Details may be obtained from the
Registered Nurses' Association of B.C.
January 24-26, 1967
Institute on Outpatient Department
Nursing Service Management,
Bellevue Stratford Hospital,
Philadelphia, Penna.
February 6-9, 1967
Four-day conference on staff education
and staff development. Sponsored by
RNAO, OHA, OMA, OPHA, OHSC,
Westbury Hotel, Toronto.
February 19-23
14th Annual Association of
Operating Room Nurses' Congress.
EI Cortez and U.S. Grant Hotels
San Diego, California.
For information write 151 East 50th
St., New York City or Miss Nellie
Mock, 458 "F" St., Chula Vista,
California.
End of March
Institutes for Instructors, Ramada Inn,
Vancouver, B.C.
A two-day institute sponsored by the
Registered Nurses' Association of B.C.
April 28 - October 27, 1967
Expo '67, Montreal.
May 4-6, 1967
St. Boniface Hospital, School of
Nursing, 25th Reunion of the 1942
graduating class. Would members of
the 1942 graduating class please
write to Miss F.E. Taylor, R.N.,
10123 - 122 Street, Edmonton.
May 8-12, 1967
National league for Nursing, Biennial
Convention, New York.
May 10-12, 1967
Canadian Hospital Association,
Montreal, P.Q.
May 16-19, 1967
Alberta Association of Registered
Nurses Annual Meeting, Chateau
lacombe, Edmonton, Alberta.
JANUARY 1967
May 24-26, 1967
International symposium on electrical
activity of the heart, london, Ontario.
For further information, write to
Dr. G.W. Manning, Victoria Hospital,
london, Onto
May 31 - June 2, 1967
Registered Nurses' Association of
Nova Scotia Annual Meeting, Sydney,
N. S.
May 31 - June 2, 1967
Registered Nurses' Association of
British Columbia Annual Meeting,
Bayshore Inn, Vancouver, B.C.
June 12-15, 1967
Canadian Dietetic Association 32nd
Convention, Château laurier, Ottawa.
June 18-21, 1967
Ottawa Civic Hospital, Centennial
Home Coming.
Alumnae or former associates of the
Ottawa Civic Hospital who are
interested in the Program should write
to: Executive Director, Ottawa Civic
Hospital.
June 24, 1967
St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto, School
of Nursing, Centennial Reunion.
Any graduates who do not receive
alumnae newsletters, please send
name and address to: St. Joseph's
Hospital, School of Nursing Alumnae,
30 The Queensway, Toronto 3,
Ontario.
July, 1967
75th Anniversary, Nova Scotia
Hospital School of Nursing, Dartmouth,
N.S.
All interested graduates please
contact Mrs. G. Varheff, 20 Ellenvale
Ave., Dartmouth, N.S.
July 31 - August 4, 1967
The annual Medical Equipment
Display and Conference (Medac '67).
Sponsored by the Association for the
advancement of medical instrumenta-
tion (AAMI), San Francisco Hilton
Hotel. For information write:
AAMI, P.O. Box 314, Harvard Square,
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138.
Sept. 15-17, 1967
70th Anniversary, Aberdeen Hospital
School of Nursing, New Glasgow,
Nova Scotia. Those interested write:
Mrs. Allison MacCulioch, R.R. #2,
New Glasgow, Pictou Co.,
Nova Scotia.
MOVING
?
.
DON'T FORGET YOUR
CHANGE OF ADDRESS
Name:
Registration No.:
(If registered in two provinces.
please give both.)
Province:
Old Address:
New Address:
Date effective:
Allow at least six weeks
for change of address
Mail to:
The Canadian Nurse
50 the Driveway
Ottawa 4, Onto
THE CANADIAN NURSE 23
No one ever said it would be easy.
running a hospital with a minimum of profit. Unless you count it profitable to see
medical supplies - building a bridge with developing nations master new skills and
nothing but timber and sweat - teaching a new standards of health and science.
child who knows only a strange tongue. But You can't earn a promotion. . . but you can
that's what CUSO workers do . . . hundreds promote. You will promote new learning, and
of them in 35 countries. They meet the chal- enthusiasm, and a desire to succeed in
lenge of a world of inequalities - in educa- people who are eager to help themselves.
tion, in technical facilities, in engineering There are no Christmas bonuses. . . but you
and medicine. earn a bonus every day in the response of
This year, the Canadian University Service the people you work and live with. And you'll
Overseas - a non-profit non-government be amazed at how quickly you'll find an op-
organization - has already sent 350 young portunity to develop your ideas, your dreams.
volunteers to countries in Asia, in Africa, Willing to work to build a better world?
South America and the Caribbean. . a .. Here's just the job for you.
total of 550 CUSO people altogether in A.
-: How do you apply? Get more informa-
the field, or about 1 to every 50,000 . . .;' tion and application forms from local
people who ask for their help. More. CUSO representatives at any Canadian
are needed. university, or from the Executive Sec-
The pay is low. . . you won't make a retary of CUSO. 151 Slater St., Ottawa.
cuso
The Canadian Peace Corps
24 THE CANADIAN NURSE
JANUARY 1967
"Wallted - a revised Itlcome Tax Act
that recognizes the role of married
women in the labor force."
This is what over one million work-
ing women - and their husbands -
will yearn for when they compile their
annual income tax forms early in 1967.
For the present income tax structure
is geared to a Victorian society where
only the man of the family was employ-
ed and the woman stayed home as a
dependent.
Husband no longer sole breadwinner
According to 1965 data from the
Special Surveys Division, Dominion
Bureau of Statistics, the number of
working women in this country is now
over 2 million. This represents 30
rcent of the total work force.
Prior to 1960, single women out-
ranked married women in the labor
force. Since 1960, however, married
women have maintained first rank in
the percentage distribution by marital
status. Their percentage passed the
half-way mark in 1964. and now stands
at 52.2.
That these married women play an
essential role in our economy is un-
deniable. That the large number of
married women who are presently un-
employed would be valuable recruits
to the labor force is also undeniable.
except by those few who still maintain
that the woman's place belongs only
at the hearth.
Needed changes in tax structure
The major changes that are needed
to bring income tax regulations up-to-
date with the manpower structure in
Canada were brought to the attention
of the House of Commons this past
June, by Mrs. Grace MacInnis, Mem-
ber of Parliament for Vancouver-
Kingsway, B.c.
Mrs. MacInnis said that the amount
a married woman is allowed to earn
before deductions are made from her
husband's taxable income ($250), is
far too low. considering today's cost
of living. She pointed out that various
organizations across the country have
JANUARY 1967
EDITORIAL
requested that it be raised. The Can-
adian Federation of University Women,
for example, have urged that the
amount be increased to $950.
The second change in taxation
policy proposed by Mrs. MacInnis, in-
volved the expenses of housekeeping
and babysitting services. She recom-
mended that the wages of housekeepers
should be deductible from the taxable
incomes of mothers working outside
the home. In defence of her proposal
she said:
"It is no use telling us that .it is
all very well for lawyers and business-
men to deduct necessary expenses, but
that it is quite another matter for a
woman working outside the home to
ask for the right to make the same
sort of deductions. The expenditure is
just as necessary. In fact, it is more
necessary because it has been esta-
blished . .. that the vast majority of
women who go to work. . . do so from
economic necessity, and there is no
question of their being able to meet
the costs of a housekeeper from out-
side earnings."
In an earlier speech in the House of
Commons, Mrs. MacInnis questioned
the incongruity of a law that calls a
working woman who employs a house-
keeper an "employer" - and requires
her to contribute to the housekeeper's
Canada Pension Plan - yet refuses to
call her an employer under the Income
Tax Act, thereby disallowing any de-
ductions of housekeeper expenses.
Taxation in other countries
In certain countries, such as the
United States of America and the
United Kingdom, the tax position for
married women is quite favorable.
In the United States, for example, a
working wife can deduct up to $900
for child care expenses when there are
two or more children, or $600 for one
child. The stipulations are that the
child be no more than 12 years old,
and that the joint income of the parents
not exceed $6,000.
In the United Kingdom, preference
is given to working married women:
they get a single person's tax-free al-
lowance for earnings, in addition to
t
e husband benefiting from the mar-
ned man's allowance, which is nearly
double the single person's.*
The tax structures in a few coun-
tries, on the other hand, appear to be
intended to discourage the wives of
all but the neediest of husbands from
employment. In the Netherlands, for
example, a married woman's earnings
are taxed 15 percent if she is not the
breadwinner. **
Nurses effected
What effect does this out-dated IIl-
come tax act have on nurses?
For single nurses, it has little effect
at this time; however, a few years from
now many of these nurses will have
assumed the role of wife, and possibly,
mother. If the present trend toward
employment continues - and there is
every reason to believe it will - they
will be among those affected by these
discriminatory tax policies.
For married nurses, who represent
60 percent of all nurses employed full-
time, these tax policies must be frus-
trating, costly, and discouraging. That
these nurses continue to work in spite
of them is proof of their desire to
remain active in the profession.
For the 19,781 married nurses listed
as "not employed in nursing" in 1965,
the present income tax policies un-
doubtedly discourage re-employment.
The return of even a portion of these
women to active nursing would do
much to offset the critical shortage of
nurses throughout the country.
Conclusion
For those married nurses already
working, and for those who represent
a large, untapped source of manpower.
revisions of the Income Tax Act would
mean one less obstacle in the path to
employment.
If we speak loudly enough, in
unison, Canada will listen.
* Viola Klein. Women Workers - Working
Hours and Services. Paris. Organization for
Economic Co-operation and Development.
1965.
** Ibid.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 25
Habilitation of thalidomide
children: the nursing approach
Most of the children suffering from
congenital deformities as a result of
thalidomide were hospitalized during
their first year of life. At this stage,
the nurse's role was largely custodial.
The nursing problems of these chil-
dren - skin care, sitting balance, and
protection from injury - differed from
those of normal children.
As the children started to grow,
however, the nurse had to re-examine
her role. How could the basic concept
of rehabilitation - the return of the
patient to a meaningful role in society
- be applied to these children who
had little or no idea of the outside
world?
Several of these children were still
hospitalized at two years of age. The
difference in development between
them and the children who had the
advantages of normal home life was
apparent. It was pinpointed by the
work of our colleagues in psychology.
whose findings made it eviòent that
something had to be done to provide
the hospitalized children with some
of the advantagcs and stimulation of
a domestic environment.
The first problem involved the num-
ber of persons coming in contact with
the children. A stuòy by the hospital's
social service department showed that
each child had a minimum of 43 con-
tacts each day: nurses, doctors, thera-
pists, volunteers, nonprofessional staff,
patients, and visitors. Further, because
of the rotation system, the nurses car-
ing for the children changed two or
26 THE CANADIAN NURSE
How do thalidomide children react to the outside world after a prolonged
hospitalization and what type of help do they need to adjust to it? A team at the
Rehabilitation Institute of Montreal attempted to answer these questions.
Mary O'Brien, R.N., Margaret Owens, R.N., and 'an Ralph, R.N.
three times each week.
Several steps were taken to solve
these problems. First, a "baby-team,"
consisting of two registered nurses and
one licensed nursing assistant, was set
up. The team leader was a nurse with
pediatric training and a great deal of
experience. The second R.N. was the
mother of a two-year-old. The nursing
assistant was a young married woman
who had shown special aptitude in
caring for children. Two nursing as-
sistants were assigned especially for
evening duty.
This team. under the supervision of
the head nurse, took over the complete
care of the children. The arrangement
demanded some sacrifice from the
other staff in the unit. Since the babv
team did not rotate, the other staff
had to do more tours on shift duty;
also, those not assigned to care for the
children regretted the loss of contact
with a most lovable group of patients.
However, after an explanation by the
director of nursing. they accepted these
arrangements. Similarly, the volunteers
cheerfully agreed to confine their at-
tentions to the older children.
The head nurse then re-examined
the phvsical setup of the ward. In-
stead of occupying six small rooms -
four for sleeping, one for eating, and
Miss O'Brien was director of nur
ing at
the Rehabilitation Institute of Montreal.
Mi
s Owen
i
head nurse on the pediatric
unit, amI Mi
Ralph i
the team leader
of the "baby team" formed at the rn
titute.
one for playing - the children took
over two large units - one for sleep-
ing, the other for eating and playing.
This had many advantages: 1. The
children seemed more secure and less
confined within a larger, definite area.
They were out of the way of other
patients, wheelchairs and corridor traf-
fic; 2. The rooms (23 feet x 17 1/2
feet) were near the nursing station, so
that observation was constant; 3. Bet-
ter cross-ventilation was possible and
it was easier to maintain a constant
room temperature; 4. The children's
toys and equipment were more ade-
quately controlled and were safe from
the raids of older children.
At this point, the baby team dis-
carded their uniforms in favor of street
clothing. This proved very successful.
The children were encouraged to call
the baby team nurses by their Christian
names. There were two reasons for
this. The children's speech develop-
ment was slow and it did not seem
reasonable to expect a child whose
first words would normally be "mama"
or "papa", to substitute "Miss Ralph"
or "Madame RousseL" Further, at two
to three years of age, the children were
not identifying individuals. As they
were mostly French-speaking, everyone
was "ma tante." By using Christian
names, the children found it easier to
identify the nurses, and their "aunts"
became special rather than general.
The next step was to introduce the
children to the outside world. Outings
were initiated at such times as they
JANUARY 1967
.}
JANUARY 1967
_.
The clothing requirements of children
with deformities are complex. The staff
at the Rehabilitation Institute of
Montreal developed several functional
garments for the children with
prostheses, including the dress and
panties shown in photograph.
.
"
.
\
could be coordinated with prosthetic
training. Small groups were taken to
visit the zoo, the circus, shopping cen-
ters, Santa Claus, and to eat lunch
in a restaurant. They had picnics and
train rides and were taken skating in
a public park. When the children were
from three-and-one-half to four-years-
old, our physiotherapy department
began teaching them to swim; their
daily sessions in the pool are now a
high spot.
The baby team nurses also took the
children to their own homes for lunch.
On these visits the children appreciated
seeing things they did not see in the
Institute: design and - color of food;
china and tablecloths; shower curtains;
door knobs, and carpets. We have tried
to introduce as many of these as pos-
sible to the Institute.
The result of these outings was ex-
tremely satisfying. The most with-
drawn child became quite relaxed
about new human contacts. The reac-
tion of the general public was also
encouraging. Apart from an occasional
stare and a few questions from mothers
with children of the same age, we met
only kindly interest and offers of help.
From the outings the children de-
veloped interest in dressing and wear-
ing pretty clothes. We made no attempt
to hide prostheses, but tried to dress
the children as much as possible like
children their own age. They now
have very definite likes and dislikes in
color, and we have tried to make them
feel that the garments they prefer are
THE CANADIAN NURSE 27
r
1
The hospitalized children now occupy
two large units - one for sleeping,
the other for eating and playing.
Daily swimming sessions in the pool
are a high spot for the children.
......
- .............. _ rII--
----
their own and not communal.
The clothing requirements of chil-
dren with deformities are complex. As
so many people are involved, the baby
team leader has been given the addi-
tional assignment of coordinating the
needs and ideas of occupational thera-
pist, parents, nurses and volunteers.
Much thought was given to the de-
sign of garments to be worn over pros-
theses, especially those of the upper
extremities. After consultation with
nurses, occupational therapists, psy-
chologists, and a group of ladies who
kindly offered to sew for us, we have
evolved several functional garments
that are also attractive. Velcro clos-
ures have been used instead of but-
tons, but the illusion has been pre-
served by sewing buttons in place.
Since we found that the action of
cables quickly wore through materials,
we have used iron-on patches inside
shirts and in dresses across the shoul-
ders. The velcro can be opened and
closed with the prosthesis or feet, thus
making the child as independent as
possible in dressing and undressing.
One attractive but useful dress has
velcro closures down the back. It is
sleeveless with separate sleeves (in a
white or contrasting color) which can
be attached with velcro inside around
the armhole. For most activities the
child can use the prosthesis without
sleeves; for dress-up occasions the
sleeves are easily attached.
Toilet independence has presented
many problems because of the chil-
28 THE CANADIAN NURSE
I
,
)-
.
\
.
-
'"-----
-
,
..
,
-
"
-
.,
-
dren's prostheses and lack of upper
extremities. Panties have been designed
on a diaper principle, with strips of
velcro down each side substituting for
safety pins. The diaper is held around
the waist by an attached band of ma-
terial. To remove the flap of the pan-
ties for toilet purposes, the front flap
can be pulled down with the child's
prosthesis or fingers inserted in a loop
made of tape on either upper front
corner of the diaper . To replace the
flap of the panties, the child sits down
on the diaper and raises the flap using
the loops to pull it up into position.
Then he stands up and presses his hips
against the wall to fasten the velcro
securely. One of our mothers devised
a method of pulling panties up and
down with tapes and attaching them
with velcro, but this method still re-
quires further thought and develop-
ment.
It is interesting to note how the
concept of the "rehabilitation team" is
applied to the thalidomide group of
children. Every week the baby team
has held a meeting led by the con-
sultant in psychology. Her advice on
the management of individual children
and general problems has been inval-
uable. Since the nurse and occupational
therapist must work together in pros-
thetic training, the occupational thera-
pist in charge of the children also at-
tended these meetings. From the meet-
ings a most rewarding relationship
with social service developed, which
has since expanded beyond this group
-
òii;:
of children to all age groups in the
unit. Our colleagues in speech therapy
who attended these meetings outlined
the normal development of speech and
pointed out specific difficulties with
various children. The department of
therapeutic recreation helped us with
outings. Volunteers have been very
valuable. In fact, the whole operation
has been a real team effort, under
the benign supervision of the chief of
service.
Now the children are all in their
own homes or foster homes. We hope
that we have made their adjustment a
little easier. Certainly congenitally mal-
formed children who come to us in
future will pre.sent fewer problems to
the nursing department in the light
of this unique experience. D
JANUARY 1967
Impact of cerebral palsy on
patient and family
What must parents face when told
that their child has cerebral palsy?
They must face the fact that the con-
dition cannot be cured by medical or
surgical procedures and that the effects
of the disease will persist throughout
the life of the individual. They must
realize that the disease may limit
education and employability, marriage
and the bearing of children, self-
sufficiency, and self -support. Although
these limitations are modifiable through
therapy, the parents will have to invest
a considerable amount of time and
money in the therapeutic program.
This program will change the normal
routines of the home and will, of
necessity, create an extremely close
relationship between the parents and
their handicapped child.
Some parents will have to face the
fact that their child has additional de-
fects, such as mental retardation, deaf-
ness, aphasia, and convulsions, with
all their inherent problems.
The impact of the diagnosis on the
family is tremendous, and the inter-
view during which the parents are
confronted with this diagnosis is ex-
tremely traumatic.
Problems unique to cerebral palsy
The diagnosis of cerebral palsy is
usually made after months of anxiety.
Frequently, the parents have been dis-
turbed by a number of different and
conflicting diagnoses including, in most
cases, that of mental retardation. This
delay is less frequent in recent years,
JANUARY 1967
Feelings of inferiority on the part of the patient, jealousy on the part of the
siblings, and guilt on the part of parents, are common reactions to this disease.
William A. Hawke, M.D., F,R.C.P. (Lond.) , F.R.C.P. (C)
however, since physicians are becom-
ing more skilled in diagnosing cerebral
palsy in young children, and are be-
coming more cautious in diagnosing
mental retardation.
The parents of cerebral palsied
children affect each other both indi-
vidually and in groups. These relation-
ships are usually beneficial. Parents
provide each other with additional
information about the disease and
about techniques that they have found
to be effective. In many instances they
support each other. On occasion,
however, the effects may not be so
satisfactory. Some parents make others,
who plan to place their severely handi-
capped children in institutions, feel
that they are inadequate parents who
are shirking their responsibilities. Oc-
casionally, certain parents may make
it difficult for other parents to accept
the reality of the situation, the limita-
tions of therapy, and the ultimate
future. These effects, however, seem
to be less frequent at the present time,
probably because families have a
closer relationship with treatment cen-
ters, particularly with social workers
in these centers.
The staff of the treatment centers
may create problems for the parents.
Occasionally they give a poor prog-
nosis, which is unwarranted. More
Dr. Hawke is Professor of Pediatrics,
University of Toronto, and Director of the
Neurological and Psychiatric Services of
The Hospital for Sick Children. Toronto.
frequently, however, they create opti-
mism in the parents because of an un-
justifiably euphoric prognosis.
There are several reasons for this
over optimism. First, staff members are
sympathetic to the parents and do not
wish to make them face unpleasant
realities. Second, certain members of
the staff may lack experience and
have not followed the progress of such
children for sufficient time to learn
the natural course of the disease. In
most cases, however, the staff and fam-
ily become involved in a personal
struggle against the disease, and in
this struggle the staff member loses
his or her objectivity. Fortunately,
these effects are less prominent at pres-
ent because most clinics now have
conferences in which the child's his-
tory is presented to the staff for dis-
cussion.
These are only a few of the prob-
lems that may be considered specific
to cerebral palsy. They are, however,
the most frequently occurring prob-
lems.
Effect on parents
Feelings of anxiety may develop in
the parents, particularly if the disease
is severe and the prognosis grave. In
one extreme case of anxiety reported
several years ago, two elderly per-
sons killed their only son who had
cerebral palsy, since they felt that they
no longer could give him adequate
care. They killed him rather than let
him go to an institution where they
THE CANADIAN NURSE 29
believed he would be given inadequate
and impersonal care.
A feeling of anger is also a com-
mon reaction of parents. In most
cases the anger is originally directed
against fate. "Why did this have to
happen to me and my child?" It is
seldom directed against the child, but
is projected on other individuals.
Parents may project this free-floating
anger toward the physician, blaming
him because they believe the disease
was due to improper delivery or to
inadequate care during pregnancy be-
cause the condition was originally mis-
diagnosed. They may project this
anger toward the physician because he
is unable to cure the disease. This
hostility is sometimes directed against
neighbors, or even strangers on the
street. Curiosity on the part of such
individuals may be considered by the
parents as evidence that they regard
the child as a freak.
Feelings of guilt frequently are
evidenced by parents. If there has been
a similar condition in the family, they
feel responsible for transmission of the
disease. They may feel responsible
for the child's cerebral palsy for a
number of reasons: Mothers who have
not followed the prescribed regimen
during pregnancy may believe that
their negligence is responsible for the
condition. In a certain number of
cases, the pregnancy was unwanted,
and the mothers carried out a number
of simple activities, such as long walks,
hot and cold baths, etc., in the hope
that these would produce an abortion.
If the child is born with a defect, the
parents feel that these attempts at
abortion have been responsible for the
defect. Other parents of a handicapped
child may feel that this has been their
punishment for past misdemeanors,
often sexual in nature.
Feelings of denial may be part of
the parents' pattern of defence. It is
very difficult for parents to deny the
cerebral palsy, but many deny the
prognosis, accepting the realities of the
present disability, but not ')f the future.
These parents frequently travel from
clinic to clinic, hoping to find someone
who will justify their opinions.
30 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Feelings of rejection may occur be-
cause of the unusual appearance of the
child, because of the additional burden
imposed on the family, and, in some
cases, because the individual is unable
to accept the fact that a child of his
can be incomplete or inadequate. Open
and frank rejection of the child is
uncommon. Such feelings are usually
intolerable to the parents and are re-
placed by feelings of oversolicitude and
overprotection.
Not all overprotection is a compen-
sation for rejection. It may simply be
the reaction of very affectionate
parents who feel sorry for their
handicapped child. An extreme exam-
ple of overprotection was the mother
of the epileptic child who would not
allow her daughter to cross the road
for fear that she might have a seizure.
This mother went to school with the
child, returned with her, and stood
at the window in her home during the
rest of the day to see that she was
not on the road. The mother of a 14-
year-old diabetic boy who had noc-
turnal reactions, slept with him so
that she could detect any reactions
that developed.
Effect on siblings
Usually the brothers and sisters of
the cerebral palsied child feel pity for
him, particularly if he is younger. They
feel sorry for him because his activities
are so restricted and because he can-
not join other children of his age in
various games and sports.
With time, however, these feelings
of pity often change. Jealousy may
develop because of the amount of
attention given by the parents to the
handicapped child. In some homes the
normal children are almost neglected,
and the parents focus their attention
on the handicapped child. Jealousy is
particularly marked if the sibling is
close in age to that of the handicapped
child, and also if he is of the same sex.
Feelings of guilt may arise in the
sibling. In many cases these develop
because he becomes disturbed about
his feelings of jealousy. He feels it is
wrong, almost "sinful," to have such
feelings about the brother or sister
who is so handicapped and whose life
is so limited.
If the parents are able to accept the
child, so will the siblings. Large fa-
milies seem to be able to accept the
handicapped child better than small
families. Rural families appear able to
accept them more adequately than
urban families. This sensitivity seems
to come to a peak during adolescence
and early adult life. It is particularly
evident in girls who think of marriage
and who are concerned about the im-
pact of the handicapped child on their
future husbands. A number are also
concerned about the possibility of
having similarly handicaped children
of their own.
Effect on handicapped individual
As the child grows older, the effects
of his handicap increase and are most
marked in adolescence and early adult
life.
The cerebral palsied child may de-
velop feelings of inadequacy or inferi-
ority because of his inability to take
part in normal activities, because of
his physical appearance, or because of
the limitations imposed on him by the
treatment of the disease. In addition,
he may experience a sense of isolation.
This, to some degree, depends upon
his inherited personality, but also upon
his opportunities for contact with other
children. Some children remain socially
and emotionally immature because of
restricted experiences and restricted
contacts with normal children.
Anger may be directed against the
limitations imposed by the disease, or
may be projected on others. It is often
projected on the normal siblings be-
cause they have a life that is richer
and fuller. Occasionally this hostility
may be projected against the mother,
whom the child blames for the disease.
Feelings of anxiety and insecurity
are particularly evident in older child-
ren who are handicapped. These feel-
ings are well-demonstrated by a girl
who developed poliomyelitis in ado-
lescence. She was a bright, intelligent
girl who had previously enjoyed nor-
mal activities. The poliomyelitis was
severe, and in the early weeks created
JANUARY 1967
.llmost total immobilization. In hos-
pital, she became depressed and was
referred for psychiatric assistance. It
soon became obvious that she was
concerned about her future, feeling
that she could never support herself,
would never marry, and would never
w
W
.
I
r
am
t
future had been destroyed by the
poliomyelitis.
It is obvious that the problems will
be intensified if the individual is intel-
lectually retarded. It is perhaps less
obvious that they wiII be intensified
if the individual shows specific patterns
of behavior calIed "the organic brain
syndrome." The behavioral patterns
noted in this syndrome include marked
distractibility, an inability to control
behavior, and an inability to work
consistently toward an organized goal.
There may also be distortions of audi-
tory perception that lead to problems
in understanding and producing speech,
or distortions of visual perception that
may lead to problems in reading and
writing. D
""".
"
-
.,
, .
r
""
....
.,
.....,.... .{ .
- '--
--,"".
-
"'
..
-",
.... ,
-
-
-
JANUARY 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 31
.
In
heart
Recent advances
surgery
In its early stages, surgery of the
heart was limited to the correction of
simple congenital lesions. Today open
heart surgery is capable of correcting
the more complex forms of congenital
and acquired heart diseases, and this
is true even in a far advanced stage of
the illness.
At the Montreal Heart Institute,
surgical procedures have been per-
formed since 1958. As has happened
elsewhere, there has been a geometric
progression in the number of cases per-
formed each year and in the steady
improvement of the results. In the
seven-year period from 1958 to 1965,
815 patients underwent intra-cardiac
operations using extracorporeal circu-
lation. During the first 4 years, 315
such procedures were performed as
compared to 500 in the last 3 years.
The early operative mortality was 35
to 40 percent, and it has decreased
progressively during the last period to
less than 10 percent. This occurred in
spite of surgical corrections of more
complex lesions on poor risk patients.
For instance, during the summer of
1965, three patients considered mori-
bunds successfully underwent emergen-
cy surgical com.ction of multi-valvular
lesions.
Extracorporeal circulation
Improvements in the
echniques of
cardio-pulmonary by-pass have opened
a completely new area in cardiovas-
cular surgery. To work under direct
32 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Today, scientific discoveries are integrated with increasing speed to the field of
practical application. Heart surgery was born in this age of spdce exploration and
gigantic scientific achievements. It has rapidly reached the stage of a
well-established science.
Pierre Grondin, M.D., and Claude Meere, M.D.
vIsIon inside the cardiac chambers, all
venous blood returning to the heart
must be drained off and returned un-
der pressure in the arterial system. The
heart-lung apparatus contains three es-
sential parts: a pumping system to as-
sure circulation of the blood, an arti-
ficial lung to oxygenate the blood, and
a heat exchanger to diminish oxygen
requirements of the tissues by lowering
the body temperature.
In cases where the ascending aorta
has to be clamped, like in aortic valve
replacement, an additional system is
needed to provide each coronary artery
with oxygenated blood and thus main-
tain viability of the cardiac muscle.
To collect the venous blood, a can-
nula is placed in each vena cava via
the right atrium. The blood is drained
into the oxygenator either by gravity or
by suction. In the oxygenator, oxygen
is brought in contact with the blood to
increase its available oxygen content.
The oxygenated fluid then goes into the
heat exchanger where cooling or warm-
ing is performed. (Fìgure 1.)
To avoid injury of the blood ele-
ments (red cells, leucocytes, etc.) the
pumps must be as atraumatic as pos-
sible. The blood is returned to the
body via a cannula which is inserted
either in the ascending aorta, or in a
femoral or an iliac artery. To keep the
Drs. Grondin and Meere are members of
the Department of Experimental Surgery at
the Montreal Heart Institute.
operative field bloodless, a cannula is,
in most instances, inserted for decom-
pression in the left ventricle through
the apex.
Intracardiac operations can be per-
formed by different incisions using a
right or a left thoracotomy. For several
years, however, a median sternotomy
has been commonly utilized, thus
avoiding opening of the pleura. By this
sternal approach, we are able to cor-
rect a considerable number of cardiac
lesions since all the heart valves and
most of the cardiac chambers are thus
easily accessible.
To avoid clotting of the blood in the
extracorporeal circuit, heparin is given
intravenously before cannulation of
the heart and blood vessels. We use
three mg. of heparin per kilogram of
body weight. When the intracardiac
operation is finished, the heparin is
neutralized by administration of an
equal amount of protamine.
In the cardiac surgery, air embo-
lisms must be carefully avoided, be-
cause the presence of gas bubbles in
small arteries acts as a clot causing
occlusion. Air emboli in small but im-
portant cerebral arteries are often fol-
lowed by serious neurological deficits.
Air embolism is prevented first by
adding filters to the heart-lung appa-
ratus and also by careful evacuation of
air from the heart chambers before
returning to normal cardiac function.
Hypothermia is a valuable aid in
extracorporeal circulation. Today,
JANUARY 1967
Fig. 1
EXTRACORPOREAL CIRCULATION
OXYGENATOR
I
j
,.1
DISC
BUBBLE
SCREENS
MEMBRANE
only moderate hypothermia is com-
monly used. It consists of a gradual de-
crease of the central body temperature
from 37 degrees to 29 or 30 degrees
(centigrade). At this level, oxygen re-
quirements of the tissues are decreased
by 50 percent.
Many delicate intracardiac proce-
dures are best performed on a "quiet"
or arrested heart. Cardiac contractions
can be stopped by several means. One
of them consists of inducing a deep and
selective cardiac hypothermia. These
low temperatures produce cardiac ar-
rest and/or ventricular fibrillation.
More recently, we have preferred the
use of a small electrical current which
induces and maintains ventricular fi-
brillation. Cardiac arrest induced elec-
trically or by hypothermia is also use-
ful at the end of cardio-pulmonary by-
pass to avoid air embolism.
Many of the early heart-lung systems
had a huge priming volume. For in-
stance, the apparatus used at the Mon
-
real Heart Institute between 1960 and
1962 needed some 3500 to 4000 cc.
The priming fluid consisted at that time
of whole blood, which imposed a tre-
mendous task upon the blood bank.
Today this equipment is simplified and
its priming volume rarely exceeds 1800
cc. To further reduce the quantity of
blood needed for priming, and to
improve capillary perfusion, we dilute
the priming volume with 5 percent
glucose in 0.4 NaCl. The ratio is 2/3
blood and 1/3 dextrose solution. We
JANUARY 1967
THERMAL
EXCHANGER -
Pump
also add electrolytes, mainly KCI, to
prevent postoperative deficit.
Acquired heart lesions
The acquired cardiac lesions now
amenable to surgery are: 1. constric-
tive pericarditis; 2. aurioculo-ventricu-
lar dissociation (A V block); 3. massive
pulmonary embolism; 4. mechanical
complications of myocardial infarction;
5. coronary artery insufficiency (angina
pectoris); 6. traumatic lesions; 7. val-
vular heart disease.
Constrictive pericarditis
Pericardial constriction was not un-
usual several years ago. It was pro-
duced in most instances by a tuber-
culous infection. Now, this disease has
almost disappeared. At the Montreal
Heart Institute, only three such cases
have been admitted for surgery since
1963. The surgical correction consists
of the removal of the thickened and
often calcified pericardium, which acts
as a shell preventing normal cardiac
contractions. This disease, affecting
cardiac filling, is frequently mistaken
for cirrhosis of the liver. Recovery fol-
lowing surgery requires a three to six
month convalescence, but it is quite
spectacular in most cases.
Auriculo-ventricular
dissociation
Auriculo-ventricular dissociation -
also called Stokes-Adams syndrome -
was nearly always fatal within two
years of onset before artificial pace-
makers came into clinical use. In this
ailment, atrial contractions are not
transmitted to the ventricles because
of some organic interference with the
Bundle of His. The rate of ventricular
contraction is often less than 40 beats
per minute and sometimes it reaches
as low as 25 or even 20 beats per
minute. Episodes of ventricular ta-
chycardia or prolonged asystole ensue
and cause inadequate cerebral perfu-
sion resulting in dizziness and/or syn-
cope. During these periods of asystole,
ventricular fibrillation is not uncom-
mon and is followed by sudden death
in most instances.
A V block is mostly a disease of
people in their sixth, seventh, or eighth
decade. It results from a degenerative
process affecting the intracardiac ner-
vous tissue. However, A V block may
follow a large myocardial infarct and
cause a rapid exitus. Treatment of this
condition with drugs such as isoprote-
renol is deceiving. The only sure way
to prevent disaster is to stimulate the
heart with electricity by an apparatus
which may be implanted or used ex-
ternally. To avoid Stokes-Adams ac-
cidents, electrodes are implanted into
the heart using an transvenous catheter
or by a direct transthoracic puncture.
Once the patient is protected by ex-
ternal stimulation, an elective opera-
tion can be performed later which con-
sists of the implantation of a small
transitorized apparatus called a pace-
THE CANADIAN NURSE 33
maker. (Figure 2.)
Several types of pacemakers are in
clinical use. We now prefer a synchro-
nized apparatus (Atricor made by Cor-
dis Corporation) which seems to offer
many advantages over the earlier fixed-
rate models. The synchronous or P-
wave pacemaker provides a better car-
diac output because it regulates the
ventricular contractions to the atrial
systoles. It thus permits variations in
the cardiac rhythm and output ac-
cording to the needs of the body.
The surgical procedure of pace-
maker implantation is simple and its
mortality is very low. Patients as old
as 89 years of age were operated on
successfully at the Montreal Heart In-
stitute and no operative mortality has
been deplored.
Massive pulmonary embolism
In recent years, the heart-lung ma-
chine has been simplified rendering
possible its preparation for cardia-pul-
monary by-pass in a matter of minutes.
The cardiac surgeon is capable of re-
moving massive pulmonary emboli as
an emergency procedure and saves
many lives that formerly were lost. The
treatment consists of extracting the
clots from the main pulmonary artery
and its branches. In most cases the
procedure is complemented by liga-
tion of a plication of the inferior vena
cava to prevent recurrent
mbolization.
At the Heart Institute, preparation for
cardio-pulmonary by-pass can be made
34 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Fig. 2
CARDIAC PACEMAKER
) \
--- - ,. --........
í
, \ \//
/
( . y?Ii3 . . .. . ( ( 4 3 1 ) Cardiac stimulation
'- Wires inserted through the diaphragm
g (2) Rhythmic influx electronic feeding device
; r g (1) Continuous steam power batteries
in 15 minutes for such emergencies.
Mechanical complications of
myocardial infarction
Even though surgery is limited in the
treatment of myocardial infarction,
mechanical complications of this dis-
ease - such as ventricular aneurysms,
perforations of the septum, and rup-
tures of papillary muscles - can be
corrected surgically. After an extensive
coronary thrombosis, some patients
develop an abnormal dilatation of the
left ventricular wall. The dilatation
causes chronic heart failure, mostly
because of its paradoxical motion.
These cases respond poorly to medical
management because the dilated ventri-
cular wall has no contractile strength
and has a paradoxical expansion
during each systole. Cardiac output is
thus markedly reduced. We have cor-
rected four such aneurysms with three
survivals. The operation is rather sim-
ple. The dilated wall is excised, and
the mural thrombus removed. The
ventricular edges are then resutered.
Postoperatively, these patients are
markedly improved and can resume
useful activities.
Perforation of the septum following
cardIac infarction is uncommon. Some
authors report a 50 percent death rate
within the first week after perforation
and a survival rate of only 13 percent
after two months. The surgical pro-
cedure consists of closing the perfo-
rated septum under cardio-pulmonary
by-pass. Three such procedures have
been performed at the Montreal Heart
Institute with gratifying results.
Coronary artery insufficiency
Chronic coronory insufficiency is the
most common acquired heart condition
of our modern time. Until recently,
even adequate medical therapy with
vasodilators or anticoagulants and as-
sociated cessation of all activities was
unable to lower the mortality rate.
For the past 15 years various surgI-
cal procedures have been advocated,
primarly by Beck, O'Shaughnessy and
Vineberg. At present, the implantation
of the internal mammary artery (called
Vine berg's procedure) is currently per-
formed in some 25 Canadian and
American centers. This experience, al-
though recent, is quite encouraging.
Surgical technique consists of im-
planting a systemic artery (the internal
mammary, an intercostal or a venous
graft from the descending thoracic
aorta, etc.) into a myocardial tunnel.
For diffuse coronary artery disease, an
epicardectomy is often added along
with a free omental graft which is
wrapped around the heart muscle.
Postoperative cine-angiographic studies
have shown beyond any doubt satis-
factory patency of the implanted artery
and newly developed collateral bran-
ches. According to more recent studies,
after eight months the blood flow into
the implanted artery is equal to the
flow in a normal anterior descending
JANUARY 1967
Fig. 3
..
""-
'"
,
...
(
coronary artery. These surgical pro-
cedures are promising and will play
an important role in the treatment of
chronic coronary insufficiency.
Traumatic heart disease
Trauma to the heart is not always
lethal, fortunately. If one adopts a
prompt and aggressive attitude, it is
possible to salvage a good proportion
of such cases.
All authors agree that upon admis-
sion, when a cardiac wound is sus-
pected, a pericardial puncture must be
performed. By this maneuver the
diagnosis is confirmed and cardiac
compression, if present, is temporarily
relieved. If cardiac tamponnade recurs,
the heart should be explored and the
wound sutured.
Diseases of the heart valves
Modem cardiac surgery is now con-
centrating its energy in the correction
of valvular lesions. Except in cases of
pure and non-calcified mitral stenosis
(..dequately treated by commissuroto-
my) the correction of valvular disease
requires the insertion of a prosthetic
heart valve. A variety of prostheses are
available, but all have the same hy-
draulic principle of the ball-valve des-
cribed by Starr and Edwards in 1960.
(Figure 3.)
The pros and cons do not differ
much from one type to another. In all,
anticoagulants must be prescribed for
JANUARY 1967
the entire life of the patient. These
artificial valves may become partially
dislodged, throw emboli, or become in-
fected. More recently, Gordon Murray,
Donald Ross, and Barrat Boyes have
popularized the use of homograft
valves. The danger of embolization and
infection seems to be lessened with
these homografts.
At the Montreal Heart Institute,
more than 190 patients have been
operated on for valvular replacement.
Of this group, 27 have had simultane-
ous replacement of two valves, either
the mitral and aortic in 23 cases, or
the mitral and tricuspid in 4 cases.
These patients were operated upon
at a far advanced stage of the disease
and long term results are very satis-
factory. An impressive number of these
patients have returned to a near
normal and productive life.
Conclusion
In recent years, heart surgery has
reached more unexplored goals than
any other surgical discipline. Mter es-
tablishing satisfactory procedures for
several acquired lesions such as val-
vular malfunctions, A V blocks and
mechanical complications of myocar-
dial infarction, cardiac surgery is now
claiming continuing success in the
revascularization of the myocardium.
Coronary artery disease affects, in the
United States alone, more than 25 mil-
lion people. Most authors agree that
Commonly used artificial heart valves.
Left to right: Starr aortic; Starr mitral;
Magovern aortic; Cutter; and Hufnagel
valve.
about 5 million such patients can now
benefit from revascularization proce-
dures. These accomplishments illustrate
the enormous possibilities of surgery
in cardiovascular ailments. A great
number of cardiac cripples can now be
rehabilitated to a useful life. 0
THE CANADIAN NURSE 35
Intensive care unit
cardiovascular surgery
.
In
An intensive care unit for patients
having cardiovascular surgery is de-
signed to decrease mortality rate and
to give patients the benefit of highly
technical care and close observation.
Such a unit, with its up-to-date equip-
ment and well qualified personnel,
helps to eliminate the unfavorable
effects of anxiety and fear that may
predispose to postoperative complica-
tions.
Physical organization
The intensive care unit for cardio-
vascular surgery is not merely a re-
covery room. Patients are admitted
as soon as they come out of the operat-
ing room and the average stay is five
days.
To serve both operating rooms of
the Montreal Institute of Cardiology,
13 beds are provided in two six-bed
units and one isolation room. The iso-
lation room is used to ensure quietness
and privacy to a severely ill patient,
to isolate a patient with an infectious,
disease, or to permit the assembly of
all machines and equipment together in
one area for a seriously ill patient.
A two-bed room is available for
patients who have not had surgery, but
whose condition requires close super-
vision. This includes persons with acute
pulmonary edema, babies or infants
who have had heart catheterization,
and patients being observed after atrial
defibrillation.
Space allotted: Approximately 108
square feet are allotted to each patient.
36 THE CANADIAN NURSE
A description of the intensive care setup at the Montreal Institute of Cardiology.
Cecile Boisvert
This provides sufficient space for
equipment and additional personnel in
case of emergency.
Direct observation: No system of
automation, whether it be heart mon-
itors or other electronic instruments,
can replace direct observation. For
this reason, the central station is
located so that each patient can be
watched at all times.
Waiting room for visitors: Even
though visits are restricted, a waiting
room in close proximity to the post-
operative unit is provided for parents
and relatives.
Air conditioning: A system of air
conditioning is essential, not only for
the comfort of patients and staff, but
also to offset the heat produced by
many electronic instruments. Ade-
quate humidity is also required to keep
mucous membranes moist and to
facilitate expectoration of bronchial
secretions.
Equipment
Oxygen and suction: Each unit has
two oxygen outlets and two wall
suction connections. One suction outlet
is for chest drainage and the other for
oro-nasal or endotracheal aspiration of
our patients.
Miss Boisvert, a graduate of St-Joseph's
Hospital in Trois-Rivières, Québec, special-
ized in cardiology at I'Jnstitut Marguerite
d'Youville in Montreal. She is Head Nurse
of the Intensive Care Unit at the Montreal
Institute of Cardiology.
Electrical: Electrical outlets are
numerous since many electrical de-
vices are used in the various types
of treatment. Five double outlets,
separately fused, are provided per
patient and a special outlet is available
in each unit for taking chest x-rays
at the patient's bedside.
Monitoring and alarm systems for
emerg,encies: The heart monitor is of
special assistance when observing pa-
tients who have had cardiovascular
surgery. Numerous complications and
even fatal outcomes have been avoided
through the use of such devices.
A recently published report of
research undertaken by a team of
physicians and nurses at the Presby-
terian Hospital of Philadelphia states:
"If the heart rhythm can be constan-
tly observed through the use of mon-
itors, and if the equipment necessary
for resuscitation is kept near the pa-
tient, potentially fatal arrhythmias may
be detected and treated instantly. Total
mortality in patients having a myocar-
dial infarct, at the acute stage, may
thus be reduced by almost 50 per-
cent.".
The monitoring system at the Mon-
treal Institute of CardiologV includes
a central complex of monitors which
indicate heart rhythm, ECG tracing,
· Lawrence Meltzer. Rose Pinneo, Roderick
Kitchell, JI/tcllsil'e Corollary Care - A
Mal/ual for Nurses, Philadelphia. The Pres-
byterian Hospital. 1965.
** Ibid.
JANUARY 1967
.
.
.
- t::1.
- t::l.
- t::J.
- t=:].
.
and the curve of the peripheral pulse
of each patient. This central complex
is located in the nursing station and
is connected to the cardioscope at the
bedside.
The monitoring system also contains:
a) An alarm system that warns the
staff if the patient showns signs of
ventricular fibrillation, tachycardia or
bradycardia.
b) A mechanism that operates auto-
matically or on demand to provide a
recording on paper of a particular or
doubtful ECG tracing which the nurse
has been able to observe on the oscil-
loscope. These ECG tapes help the
physician to assess the patient's condi-
tion; for the nurse, they are indisputa-
ble arguments to justify her observa-
tions.
c) A "memory tape loop" that
records and retranscribes on paper the
ECG of the previous three to five
minutes. With this device, it is possible
to determine what happened immedia-
tely before or after the alarm was set
into action.
Needle electrodes: The use of needle
electrodes for ECG has numerous ad-
vantages. They can be installed in a
few seconds - an essential in an
emergency - and eliminate false
alarms and interference because of a
poor skin contact.
Needle electrodes can be left in
place five to seven days without caus-
ing the patient discomfort. The skin
is cleansed with alcohol before the
JANUARY 1967
- t::J.
- t::J e
- t::J.
- t:::].
.
ß
needle is inserted, to eliminate the pos-
sibility of infection.
Emergency equipment
In an intensive care unit, aU equip-
ment and drugs must be kept in a
central location. There can be no com-
promise with this principle.
Emergency cart: All equipment used
for resuscitation is assembled on a
mobile cart that can be rolled quickly
from the central station to the patient's
bedside. This represents savings both
in time and equipment. This cart con-
tains: a). a portable DC defibrillator
with electrodes and conductive jelly; b).
lung ventilation equipment, including
"Resuscitube," intermittent positive
pressure apparatus, and endotracheal
tubes and laryngoscope; c). external
heart massage equipment, including a
wooden board, measuring about 3' x 2',
to place under the patient's chest, or
an automatic mechanical compressor;
d). venous dissection equipment; e).
tracheotomy and tracheal cannulas; 0.
instruments necessary for emergency
thoracotomy; g). drugs, including epi-
nephrine, norepinephrine, Aramine,
[suprel, bicarbonate of sodium, calcium
chloride, and Pronestyl; h). sterile
gloves, syringes, needles, etc.
The contents of the emergency cart
are checked carefully each day and
each time after they are used.
Personnel
The care of patients having heart
surgery involves team work. Good
Eight-bed central station using Selector
Monitor with repeat meters and alarm
lights. A single channel recorder is in-
cluded for automatic or manual opera-
tion.
results cannot be obtained without
close cooperation between each mem-
ber of the team.
Surgeons assume the responsibi-
lity for patients in the intensive care
unit, and the residents in cardiovas-
cular surgery are entrusted with the
supervision of patients during the entire
postoperative period.
Distribution of nursing staff.' Any
patient who has had cardiovascular
surgery requires nursing care of a truly
high caliber. To meet such an objec-
tive, a strict minimum of eight hours
care must be provided for each patient
in a 24-hour period. The nurse's aide
contributes by performing certain tasks,
such as bathing the patient, changing
his bed linen and helping him to eat.
Selection: Careful selection of nurs-
ing personnel is essential. Desirable
personal attributes include: an ability
to learn and assimilate new techniques
quickly; emotional stability, which
allows a person to face emergency si-
tuations efficientlv; good health, since
much physical effort is required in the
unit; a marked interest in and dedica-
tion to this type of work.
Previous experience in a recovery
room or intensive care unit is a great
asset. It is not, however, a requisite for
employment.
Status: Because of the responsibil-
ities that the nurses in this unit must
assume, it is logical that they should
have a distinctivè status and th1t their
experience be recognized.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 37
INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
IN HEART SURGERY DEPARTMENT
CJ CJ CJ CJ
CJ CJ CJ CJ
CJ CJ CJ CJ
CENTRAL MONITORING
STATION PANEL
+
CJ
py
PHARMACY
Salary should be commensurate with
their position. Rose Pinneo, in
Intensive Coronary Care - A Manual
for Nurses, suggests a salary approxi-
mately 15 percent higher than that
of the basic staff nurse. * * This has
become policy at most hospitals.
Staff orientation
Orientation extends over a period
of about three weeks, during which
time the nurse is called upon to assume
increasingly greater responsibilities.
Under the guidance of an experienc-
ed nurse, the new staff member has
an opportunity to observe patients.
This phase of learning is planned in
advance, not left to chance. New tech-
niques are taught whenever the occa-
sion permits.
The surgeons, cardiologist, and resi-
dents present lectures and clinics for
the nurses' benefit. Topics include:
anatomy and physiology of the cardio-
vascular system; pathology of the heart;
surgical operations for heart disease;
drugs used in heart surgery; treatment
of various arrhythmias; postoperative
complications and preventive measures;
oxygen therapy; psychological prob-
lems of patients having heart surgery;
and rehabilitation.
Each staff member is expected to
learn, through personal reading. about
ECG tracings and the various arrhyth-
mias.
Certain techniques and procedures
must be learned. These include: mea-
surement of venous pressure; ope-
38 THE CANADIAN NURSE
ration of the cardioscope and pace-
maker; use of the thermo-regulator
mattress; handling of the various res-
pirators; techniques of resuscitation
and external heart massage; and defi-
brillation in ventricular fibrillation.
At the Montreal Institute of Car-
diology, the nurse has the right, in cer-
tain circumstances, to carry out ven-
tricular defibrillation, that is, to give
the patient an electric shock of 300-
500 watts per second. Ventricular fi-
brillation is an extremely serious
arrhythmia that may cause death if
nothing is done within three minutes.
If the nurse encounters ventricular fi-
brillation in a patient, she must advise
the surgeon immediately; if, after 60
seconds, he has not arrived, she starts
electrical defibrillation to reestablish
normal heart rhythm. In such circums-
tances, the surgeon assumes full res-
ponsibility for her action.
To familiarize the staff with proce-
dures performed in an emergency, a
particularly critical emergency is simul-
ated using a dummy or a member of
the staff as a patient. The nurse must
act exactly as if she were faced with
a real case of cardiac arrest or a pa-
tient who has suddenly developed ven-
tricular fibrillation. Her actions can
then be assessed and she can be hel-
ped to improve her technique and save
time.
Care is never routine
Nursing care in cardiology can never
become a matter of routine. It is given
on an individual basis according to
age, type of disease, seriousness of the
illness and the patient's attitude toward
his condition.
The nurse must also be concerned
with the patient's rehabilitation. She is
in" a better position than anyone else to
help him achieve successful rehabili-
tation.
Nursing care in heart surgery is a
real challenge to any nurse. Although
the work is exacting and the responsibi-
lities heavy, the reward, also, is great.
The nurse is compensated for her ef-
forts when she sees the patient leave
hospital improved or cured and when
she knows that she has given him the
best of her knowledge and skill in the
most difficult circumstances. 0
JANUARY 1967
Varicose veins are characterized by
permanent overdistention and changes
of their waUs. This paper deals with
varicose veins involving the super-
ficial venous network of the lower
limbs, especiaHy those situated along
the internal and external saphenous
veins.
Etiology
Varicose veins usually appear in the
young adult and increase with age.
They occur about four times more
frequently in females than in males.
They are observed especially in per-
sons who must stand at their work for
long periods without moving. Their
development is, moreover, enhanced
by frequent pregnancies.
There is often a hereditary factor in-
volved. Some persons seem to have a
constitutional weakness of the valves of
the veins and an abnormal propensity
to distention of the venous walls. In
a study of 1,500 patients with vari-
cosities, Raymond Tournay found a
hereditary factor in 90.6 percent.
The maternal or the hereditary
influence from the mother's side is
found in 55 percent of patients. Thirty-
three percent of the women with vari-
cosities developed them during their
first pregnancy.
Physiopathology
NormaHy, venous circulation return-
ing from the lower limbs results from
the suction effect of the heart and the
pulsion effect of the muscular massage
IANUARY 1967
Varicose veins of the
lower limbs
About 10 percent of all adults over thirty-five years of age have some degree of
varicose change in their saphenous venous system.
Philippe Dionne, M.D.
on the deep veins and, indirectly, on
the superficial veins. Venous flow thus
goes from the saphenous veins to the
deep veins. Both mechanisms work
against two contrary movements: res-
piration and hydrostatic pressure.
One theory of varicosities is that the
venous backflow pushes the blood from
the deep veins toward the superficial
veins by means of communicating
veins, causing gradual dilatation of the
superficial veins. It is known, however,
that these communicating veins contain
valves that aHow the blood to circulate
only from the surface toward the deep
veins. (Figure 1.) Nevertheless, when
varicose veins have already appeared,
the valves of the communicating veins
may be forced, little by little, allowing
the backflow to by-pass them, thus
increasing varicose distention. This ex-
plains the aggravation of varicose veins.
but not how they started.
At the present time, Trendelenburg's
theory is the one generally accepted:
the appearance of varicose veins is
related to the incompetence of the
ostial valve situated at the opening of
the internal saphenous vein into the
femoral vein. (Figure 2.) The main
branch of the internal saphenous sup-
ports all the pressure of the abdominal-
thoracic blood column, since there is
no valve between this point and the
heart. Thus, the first segment of the in-
Dr. Dionne is a member of the surgical
staff at SI. Vincent-de-Paul Hospital. Sher-
brooke. Quebec.
temal saphenous dilates, and the
valve closing it at the lower segment is
forced. bringing about distention of the
second segment, and so forth. From
one point to the next, the weight of the
blood column exerts pressure right
down to the lower part of the leg.
This valvular incompetency theory
has been proved by clinical and ex-
perimental evidence. Other factors,
too, may cause a lack of venous tonus
which favors distention.
Types
There are two main types of vari-
cose veins: essential or idiopathic, and
secondary, also called substitute or
compensating.
All varicose veins of the lower limbs
are superficial in nature. Certain
authors speak of "deep" varicose veins;
however, the anatomy and physiology
of venous circulation in the lower limbs
allow us to state definitely that the
deep veins are not involved in the
pathological enlargement. Deep varico-
sities just do not exist. The term has
merely been used to describe patients'
complaints of a feeling of heaviness,
strain. and cramps in the calves of the
legs after a long period of standing.
Such discomfort may be the beginning
of the complication of internal rupture,
which will be described later.
Secondary or "substitute" varicose
veins are characterized by dilatation
of the superficial venous system. This
dilatation acts as a compensation fol-
lowing deep vein thrombophlebitis.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 39
2
4
Fig. 1. Diagram showing valves in a
communicating vein. 1) Femoral vein;
2) internal saphenous vein; 3) commu-
nicating vein; 4) normal valve that
opposes flow from the larger vessel
back into the superficial vessel.
40 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Fig. 2. Because of insufficiency of the
ostial valve, the first segnænt of the
internal saphenous dilates with corres-
ponding pressure on the collateral cir-
culation. The second valve is then
forced and the second segmem dilates,
and so on. 1) Femoral vein; 2) pro-
funda femoral vein; 3) superficial
Fig. 4. Top: After elevation of the leg,
compression is applied to the saphenous
vein. Middle: Leg is lowered and
varicosities do not appear. Bottom:
When compression is stopped the
varicosities immediately appear.
\.
,
.
,
,
Fig. 3. Varicosities of lower leg.
femoral vein; 4) first segment of
internal saphenous vein; 5) ostial
valve; 6) second valve,. 7) openings of
collateral saphenous circulation.
Fig. 5. Left: Subject standing - severe
varicosities apparent. Middle: Subject
lying down, leg in air - varicosities
collapse. Right: Subject standing with
tourniqu,et obstructing the internal
saphenous - varicosities remain col-
lapsed, but are scarcely visible. When
the restriction is removed, the varico-
sities will fill up from top of leg toward
ankle, which indicates valvular insuf-
ficiency at the junction of the internal
saphenous.
JANUARY 1967
"
Fig. 6. Varicose ulcer.
Secondary varicose veins are late
complications that can be caused by
deep thrombophlebitis in the same man-
ner as the post-phlebitic syndrome and
the post-phlebitic ulcer (stasis ulcer).
Essential or idiopathic varicose veins
represent the group of common vari-
cose veins that develop spontaneously
in the absence of deep venous obstruc-
tion. A hereditary factor is involved.
Anatomic pathology
At first, the clusters of varices
remain localized in restricted areas. Af-
ter progressing for a certain time,
the varices finally invade the whole
area of the internal saphenous vein
and sometimes also the area of the
external saphenous.
Macroscopically, the affected veins
are dilated, tortuous, and fluctuant,
due to their secondary lengthening.
Their walls are usually thin and calci-
fied in places. The dilatations often
wntain calcifying clots (phleboliths).
Under a microscope, a thickening of
the tunica can be seen in the early
stage of the varix. Later, this is re-
placed by atrophy with sclerosis.
Changes occur in other tissues of
the limb. The sclerous tissue around
the varices finally reaches the nerves
and the artcries; the subcutaneous cel-
lular tissue atrophies and becomes the
site of an edematous infiltration. The
skin also undergoes important changes.
It becomes white and glossy in places,
dry, scaly, and pigmented in others.
Eczematoid lesions appear and the skin
JANUARY 1967
soon becomes badly ulcerated.
Clinical picture
Few functional symptoms are evident
at first. The patient may complain of
heaviness and fatigue of the limb, with
malleolar edema in the evening, in-
creased by standing. Later, he may
experience acute pain in the form of
leg cramps.
The physical signs consist of veins
that are dilated in the form of bluish
cords, and uneven flexuosities, situated
most frequently along the internal sa-
phena, Le., along the inner surface of
the thigh and the leg. Varicose veins
partly disappear when the patient is
recumbent in the supine position. They
can be partially reduced by pressure.
(Figure 3.)
The Trendelenburg test helps to de-
termine the location of incompetent
valves. With the patient lying down,
the leg is elevated to empty the super-
ficial veins. The outlet of the saphena is
compressed and the patient then is
asked to stand. If the ostial valve is
incompetent, the varicose veins fill
again suddenly from the top to the
bottom as soon as the digital compres-
sion is removed. (Figure 4.)
The Trendelenburg test may also
be used to demonstrate incompetent
perforating veins. The limb is raised
to empty the saphenous; the outlet of
the saphenous is compressed, and the
limb then is lowered without stopping
compression. If the perforating veins
have competent valves, the vein fills
slowly; if the perforating veins do not
have competent valves, filling occurs
rapidly. (Figure 5.) The multiple-tour-
niquet test is also helpful in locating
the position of incompetent perforating
veins.
Perthes' test, which consists of com-
pression of the saphenous trunk in the
thigh followed by exercise carried out
by the patient, is useful to evaluate
the patency of the deep venous system.
If the deep veins are blocked, the vari-
cosities become enlarged and the pa-
tient feels a pain in the calf of the leg.
Phlebography supplies two types of
information: it helps the physician to
evaluate the deep circulation and to
localize the incompetent perforating
veins.
Complications
Complications represent the serious
aspects of varicose veins.
1. Rupture: External rupture occurs
through a gradual thinning of the
dermis over a dilated varix. Suddenly,
without apparent cause or pain, the
hemorrhage occurs. Although it may
be serious, it can usually be controlled
by elevating the limb and applying a
pressure bandage.
Internal rupture occurs over the
deep veins of the calf. The patient ex-
periences a sharp and sudden "whip-
lash" pain followed by lameness. In the
ensuing days a painful induration ap-
pears over the calf of the leg, oc-
casionally accompanied by ecchymosis.
2. Varicose phlebitis: This com-
THE CANADIAN NURSE 41
plication, which generally involves the
superficial varicose veins, is common.
Clinically, edema and local erythema
are noted. The venous cord becomes
hard, knotty and painful. Sometimes
the phlebitis will extend the entire
length of the internal saphenous. It
rarely gives rise to emboli, but is
stubborn and recurring. More often
than not, the inflammation subsides,
leaving an indurated cord; however,
it may progress to suppuration.
3. Trophic skin: Patches of pig-
mented skin and dry or oozing eczema
are commonly found.
4. Varicose ulcer: This is the most
common and most serious complica-
tion, since it resists treatment and
recurs easily. (Figure 6.) Its pathogeny
is complex. Nutrition of the tegument
of a varicose limb is poor for two
reasons: venous stasis and nerve
changes as a result of sclerosis.
Clinically, the varicose ulcer is observ-
ed most frequently in the lower half
of the inner surface of the leg. It
begins following minimal excoriation
of the skin, caused by trauma or
eczema.
The ulcer gradually enlarges and
may reach considerable dimensions.
Its edges are sharp, quite regular, thick
and adherent. The base of the ulcer is
irregular, greyish, and atonic, and
secretes a turbid serous discharge. The
skin surrounding the ulcer is brownish
in color. If not treated properly, the
ulcer gradually increases in size. With
adequate treatment it may be cured,
but it recurs with extreme facility.
The common varicose ulcer must be
differentiated from the post-phlebitic
chronic ulcer or "stasis ulcer," which
represents a separate entity. The latter
is found in patients who have suffered
deep phlebitis of the lower limbs some
years previously and who, afterwards,
have shown the syndrome known as
the "post-phlebitic leg": vague pain; a
feeling of heaviness, fatigue, and
cramps in the affected limb; and the
appearance of hard and sometimes
ligneous edema. At first, the skin has
a smooth, glossy appearance with
brownish-red pigmentation.
Although varicosities may not exist
prior to or during the course of the
42 THE CANADIAN NURSE
phlebitis, they may appear later. After-
ward, the ulcer sets in and resists
almost any type of treatment.
Our present knowledge of the causa-
tive mechanism of "stasis ulcer" now
enables us to treat it successfully with
surgery. Deep thrombophlebitis, in its
acute phase, completely blocks the
deep vein of the limb. With time and
treatment, the acute phase subsides.
Later, the vein becomes more or less
permeable again, but like a rigid tube,
having lost its elasticity. Muscular mas-
sage is no longer effective; hence, there
is a backflow through the communicat-
ing veins and a consecutive stasis in the
superficial venous network with the
onset of substitute varicose veins and
a stasis ulcer.
Treatment
Uncomplicated essential varicose
veins are relatively easy to manage.
Small varices that give little trouble can
be treated by having the patient wear
elastic stockings; the compression thus
achieved is sufficient to prevent the
evolution of lesions. If, however, the
patient refuses to wear elastic stockings
permanently, sclerosing solutions can
be injected particularly in the case of
moderate and well-localized varicose
veins. The injection of sclerosing solu-
tions has a positive effect; this treat-
ment involves little risk, allows the
patient to be ambulatory, and has the
advantage of curing the disorder with-
out leaving scars. The injected scleros-
ing solution induces a localized obli-
terating endophlebitis which transforms
the varix into a solid cord.
The purpose of the sclerosing treat-
ment is to prevent lesions and later
complications from developing. It will
give excellent results if it is started
early and if the patient regularly visits
his physician to have him sclerose any
ulterior varicose dilatation. It will be
more effective if the patient is well
aware of his or her condition and
understands the importance of wearing
elastic stockings.
If, however, the patient refuses to
wear such stockings; if he or she does
not want to undergo the continuous
sclerosing treatment; if the varicose
veins are enormous; or if the patient
shows one of the serious complications
of varices, surgery is the only effective
treatment. The latter consists of the
division of the great saphenous vein
at the saphenofemoral junction, with
ligation of all its collaterals, and the
stripping of the entire internal saphe-
nous vein from the groin to the internal
malleolus. lf indicated, the perforating
veins, especially those in the upper
third of the leg, are ligated as well.
Sclerosing solutions may be injected,
if necessary, pre- or postoperatively to
avoid too many scars. After surgery, a
compression bandage is applied to the
limb to prevent hemorrhage.
Walking is resumed the following
day to avoid stasis and deep thrombo-
ses. The functional and esthetic re-
sults of such operations are excellent.
The destruction or eradication of
the varicose veins by surgery automa-
tically cures a varicose ulcer. If,
however, the ulcer is of a large di-
ameter, over 2 cm., for instance, its
recurrence will be prevented by ex-
cising the ulcerated area and applying
a dermo-epidermal graft.
The recurring post-phlebitic ulcer
(stasis ulcer) is treated surgically ac-
cording to a special technique, after
the surgeon has made certain that the
deep circulation is adequate. The ulcer
is widely excised to the level of the
fascia; then, the underlying perforating
veins are ligated even beyond the
fascia to block the backflow to the
surface. Frequently, the detachment of
a large flap that includes the fascia
helps the surgeon to ligate the perforat-
ing veins beyond the ulcerated areas.
Finally, a dermo-epidermal graft com-
pletes the procedure.
Secondary varicose veins that ac-
company the ulcer are treated as essen-
tial varicose veins. Faced with a
varicose ulcer and varices complicated
by obstruction of the deep circulation,
the surgeon has the worst problem to
solve. The stripping of part of the
varicose veins may improve the limb.
In addition, instructions to the patient
about the importance of decreasing
stasis and avoiding trauma, even the
slightest one, may help him to avoid
complications and minimize his dis-
ability. 0
JANUARY 1967
The patient who is to have ligation
and stripping of varicose veins is
usually admitted one or two days prior
to surgery. Preoperative nursing care
is started immediately.
Preoperative care
The patient is allowed out of bed
only to go to the washroom. She wears
elastic bandages on her legs at all times
to prevent blood stasis in the veins.
The nurse explains and demonstrates
the correct procedure for applying the
bandages.
Two four-inch-wide bandages are
used for each leg and are applied by
the patient before rising in the morn-
ing. Prior to this she elevates both
legs for about four minutes to drain
blood from the veins by gravity.
To be useful, the bandages must be
applied correctly. Wrapping should
start close to the toes, with three turns
around the foot and three figure-8
turns around the ankle. The second
bandage is then continued up the leg,
using spiral-reverse turns to provide
better support and to avoid uncomfort-
able folds. The compression of the
bandage must be strong over the feet
but less at the ankles and the calves,
to avoid edema of the feet and toes.
The foot of the bed should be raised
by two or three notches (about eight
inches).
Physical preparation also includes
teaching the patient the various respir-
atory and spirometric exercises that
she will be required to carry out post-
operatively.
JANUARY 1967
Nursing care in
. .
varicose vein surgery
Teaching the patient ways to help prevent the recurrence of
varicosities is an important aspect of care.
Murielle Rodrigue
Psychological preparation is as im-
portant as physical. All procedures are
explained to the patient, and she is
given an opportunity to express her
fear of pain and discomfort. In certain
cases, apprehension may be due to
fear of the recurrence of the varico-
sities after surgery. The nurse explains
that the operation is a successful form
of treatment, and that active treatment
at this stage will avoid later complica-
tions such as phlebitis, ruptures, vari-
cose dermatitis and ulcers.
On the evening before surgery the
pubis and both legs are shaved. Shav-
ing is done carefully, since the skin
over the varicose veins is very thin and
fragile. Cuts and scratches could lead
to infection and thus to postponement
of the surgery. The risk of infection is
reduced by applying Betadine soap,
which contains 0.75 percent of free
iodine, to the legs.
The nurse takes this opportunity to
explain to the patient the dangers of
using a depilatory cream, especially if
there is an ulcer. These substances are
much too irritating for delicate skin
and may cause a dermatitis to develop.
Postoperative care
A cradle is placed on the patient's
bed to prevent the weight of the bed-
clothes from resting directly on her
legs. The foot of the bed remains rais-
Miss Rodrigue is Supervisor and Clinical
Instructor of Surgical Nursing at the St.
Vincent de Paul General Hospital School
of Nursing in Sherbrooke. Quebec.
ed by 8 inches to aid venous return.
In addition to routine supervision,
the nurse closely observes the incisions
in the region of the groin, knee or
instep for possible hemorrhage or
hematomas. If there is bleeding, she
applies manual pressure over the area
and notifies the doctor. She also notes
the color of the skin and any edema of
the toes.
Except by order of the physician,
bandages around the legs are not re-
moved. Only the surgeon or his assis-
tant changes the dressings.
The patient is encouraged to move
her toes, ankles, and legs as soon as
possible after the operation, even if
this is painful. The nurse remains with
her as she attempts these exercises for
the first time, to give her moral sup-
port. She explains that the stitches will
not give and that the sooner and more
frequently the patient makes these
movements, the sooner the pain will
disappear. Generally the patient is al-
lowed to walk the day after surgery.
Early ambulation
The patient may complain of a tug-
ging pain over the groin, caused by
the dressing and the stitches, when she
first walks. She is warned not to touch
the dressings, as there is a risk of
contaminating the wound. If edema ap-
pears in the limb during ambulation,
the patient is put back to bed with
her legs raised on pillows.
The patient should walk about and
not remain standing. It is preferable
for her to get up several times a day
THE CANADIAN NURSE 43
for short periods each time. When she
is sitting, she should prop her legs on
a stool.
t
Convalescence
The nurse gives the patient general
instructions about future care to
prevent the recurrence of varicosities.
She advises the patient to continue to
wear the elastic bandages until the
doctor suggests that she wear elastic
stockings. Both stockings and bandages
should be put on in the morning and
left on until bedtime.
The patient is told that she can
prevent dryness of the skin and scaling
by applying vaseline or a lanoline-base
oil; any other medicated ointment
should be avoided. In addition, she
should not scratch her legs, because of
the danger of producing a varicose der-
matitis.
The nurse explains why the patient
should avoid wearing stocking sus-
penders or panty girdles which com-
press the veins in the area of the groin
and the thigh. She warns the patient
against crossing her legs when sitting,
and standing for prolonged periods.
She suggests that the patient should
raise the foot of her bed at night, and,
two or three times during the day,
allow about 20 to 30 minutes of rest
with legs elevated.
The patient is told to avoid any
trauma that might bruise, scratch or
cut her legs. If her limb is injured in
any way, she should inform her phy-
sician.
Patients suffering from varicose
veins should consult their physician
regularly two or three times a year,
especially if they have undergone
surgery. This enables the surgeon to
give better follow-up care to his patient
and to find out if she has really
followed his instructions. 0
, \
-
}
\
....
...
..
The nurse explains and demonstrates
the correct procedure for applying
elastic bandages to the legs.
JANUARY 1967
44 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Effectiveness of nursing visits
to primigravida mothers
The purpose of this project was to
study the effects of public health
nursing visits on the concerns of the
young primigravida mother with her
first baby. Two groups of mothers
were used: one group had public health
nursing visits, and the second group
had no visits by a public health nurse.
The concerns of the mothers in the
study were assessed at two time in-
tervals: once during the mother's stay
in hospital, and again after she had
been at home with her infant for four
weeks.
Need for the study
The increasing demands for service
from the other program areas of pub-
lic health nursing have focused atten-
tion on the traditional maternal and
child health services of the public
health agencies. Public health nurses
are faced with the dilemma of con-
tinuing with an established educational
program or of abandoning it in favor
of the pressing needs to provide new
home care programs or rehabilitative
services.
Two arguments are most frequently
used for either changing or maintain-
Miss Brown, a 1965 CNF Scholar, is a
lecturer at the University of Western Ontario
School of Nursing, London, Ontario. She
based this article on a project completed
in 1965 as partial requirement for her
M.S.N. degree at Western Reserve Univer-
sity, Cleveland, Ohio. The complete thesis
has been deposited in the CNA library.
JANUARY 1967
On testing the hypotheses that primigravida mothers who had public health
nursing visits during and at the end of their first four weeks at home would have
fewer, and less intense, concerns about infant care than mothers who did not
receive visits, the author reached some surprising conclusions.
Louise S. Brown, B.Sc.N., M.S.N.
ing the nursing service. One IS that
the mother of today receives all the
help she needs from her family physi-
cian and from the body of knowledge
she has acquired through her reading
and general education. The public
health nurse, therefore, would spend
her time more profitably by limiting
her visits to those families who either
have requested her visits or who have
obvious health needs. This means
that routine visits to all postpartum
mothers should be eliminated and
only visits on a priority basis be under-
taken by the public health nurse.
The other point of view is that the
maternal and child health program is
the basis of a public health nursing
service, and through it many beginning
health problems are discovered. It is
in this early mother-child relationship
that the foundations are laid for the
child's future development and health.!
The public health nurse is most help-
ful by providing assistance to the
mother in understanding her child's
growth and development and her new
role as a mother. To do this effective-
ly, she needs to visit the homes of all
new parents to assess how she can
help these expanding families. While
assisting the young parent, the public
health nurse also achieves two of the
basis tenets of a public health service:
the promotion of health, and the pre-
vention of disease.
The Expert Committee of the World
Health Organization states that a pro-
gram of health services will be effective
if it is built on the needs of the people
served.:! The public health nursing
programs must meet the same cri-
terion. Research is needed to determine
the needs of the mother and the effect
of public health nursing visits on these
needs. Until this kind of information
is available, there is no scientific evi-
dence to support either of the two
previously stated points of view, that
is, to limit or to expand the public
health nursing program in maternal
and child health.
The investigator developed the fol-
lowing research design to discover the
concerns of the new mother and the
effect of public health nursing visits
on her concerns.
Review of the literature
No literature is available on the ef-
fectiveness of public health nursing vis-
its to the primigravida mother. There
are, in fact, only a few studies 3 . 4. 5. 6. 7
that discuss the public health nursing
programs in the area of the mother
and her infant. * These studies have
assessed the existing services in ma-
ternal and child health at prenatal
classes child health centers, and in
home visits. Of the studies, only those
* Since this study was completed, another
study by Dr. H. Carpenter has been publish-
ed: The Need for Assistance of Mothers
with Their First Babies During the Three-
Month Period Following the Baby's Birth.
Toronto, Univ. of Toronto, School of Nurs-
ing. Alumni Assoc., 1965.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 45
done by Hunter and Carpenter
' a
focus upon the help the public health
nurse provides in her home visits to
the mother with her newborn infant.
A study done by Adams, R while not
discusing the role of the public health
nurse, explores in detail the "early
concerns" of the primigravida mother
about the care of her infant during
the first four weeks at home.
Hunter's study analyzes the routine
visits made by public health nurses in
a large city to all newborn infants.
The method of study is to ask the
public health nurse to complete a
questionnaire following each of 10
visits to a mother and her newborn
infant. The result is an interpreta-
tion of the value of the service by
the participating public health nurses.
Eighty-one percent of the nursing visits
are judged to be valuable. The study
concludes that the service is meeting
a need but that the need has changed.
The physical needs of the infant have
become less of a problem to the mother
since, in most cases, the mother is
able to handle this herself. The new
needs are reported to be: the mother's
feeling toward her baby, her own
problems, and problems in family
dynamics. 4
I Carpenter's study is an analysis of
home visits by the public health nurse
to mothers of newborn infants resid-
ing within the area of a health unit.
The home visits are analyzed through
the use of tape recorders and ob-
servers. It is found that of the 38
mothers of first children, 20 asked
the nurses about the normal growth
and development of their children. 3
What these questions are, and how
the public health nurse assisted the
mothers in finding the answers is not
reported. ** Because of the anxiety
expressed to the nurses and the reports
made by the observers, Carpenter re-
commends in her study that the mother
with her first baby should be given
priority upon public health nursing
time. She recommends, also, that to
be most useful, this service should be
available as soon as possible after the
mother's return home from hospital. 3
The third study by Adams is an
exploratory one to determine: 1. the
concerns of the primigravida mother
in caring for her infant; 2. how these
change over a period of time; and,
3. whether or not they are related to
the infant's birthweight. The samples
used are 20 primigravida mothers of
** Carpenter's second study of the need
for assistance of mothers with first babies
identifies many concerns about infant care.
Most of these concerns are used by this
investigator in developing the tool for as-
sessing the effects of public health nursing.
46 THE CANADIAN NURSE
infants of normal birthweight and 20
primigravida mothers of infants of
premature birth weight. The 40 mothers
are interviewed at three time periods
throughout the first month of infant
care, once in the hospital and twice
at home. Five areas of worries are
described: feeding, bathing, crying,
care of the navel, and/or circumcision,
and other. Feeding is the major con-
cern for all mothers throughout the
month. "Other concerns" rank second,
and crying is third. Birthweight does
not influence the results of the study.
rt is further stated that the early
days of care in the hospital and at
home may be times of "special needs"
for new mothers. Mothers of infants
of premature weight in the study rely
on nurses in helping to care for their
newborn infants. Mothers of children
of normal birthweight use their family
and friends to help them. It is not
reported whether or not public health
nursing visits were made to all the
mothers in the study. A recommenda-
tion made in this study is that a nurse
working closely with the physician
could answer the mother's questions
and convey information to him about
the mother's progress in caring for
her infant. 8
In summary, the studies by Hunter
and Carpenter approach the public
health nursing services through the
public health nurse. No attempt is
made to ascertain from the mother
what her concerns are in regard to
infant care.t The study by Adams,
on the other hand, concentrates on the
mother's concerns, but there is no evi-
dence that the effect of the public
health nurse is considered.
Because of the lack of literature
about the effect of public health nurs-
ing visits on the fears of mothers in
caring for their infants, the following
research proiect was developed to
examine it. The design combines the
studies done by the aforementioned
investigators, the effects of the public
health nursing service, and the con-
cerns of the mother about infant care.
The primigravida mother is begin-
nine; her experience as a mother and
will not have learned to adjust to the
problems of child care, while the
mother with other children has learned
how to care for infants and has an
established pattern of child-rearing
methods. The primigravida mother has
many problems associated with infant
care as demonstrated by Adams' study.
She seems to want help as indicated
bv Hunter and Carpenter. The mother
with her first-born child was selected
t In the second study by Carpenter, infor-
mation is obtained from the mothers to as-
certain their needs.
for this project because of the above
observations. The study by Adams
was of considerable value in defining
terms and in the construction of the
instrument used in this study.
Hypotheses tested
For the purpose of this study, the
following hypotheses were tested:
I. Primigravida mothers who have
public health nursing visits will have
significantly fewer concerns about the
care of their infants than mothers
who do not have public health nurs-
ing visits during the first four weeks
they are at home with their infants.
2. Primigravida mothers who have
public health nursing visits will have
a significantly greater reduction in the
intensity of the concerns that still re-
main at the end of the four weeks at
home than those mothers who do not
have public health nursing visits.
Terminology
Primigravida mother as us
d in this
study is a woman who has given birth
to her first child and who has never
lost a previous pregnancy.
A concern is any aspect of infant
care that worries a new mother.
Intensity of concern is the degree
of the concern as judged by the mother
on a scale ranging from no concern to
extremely concerned.
Newborn infant is any infant born
to the mothers in the sample who are
of normal birthweight and are without
any physical defects.
Public health nursing visits are visits
made by a nurse employed by a volun-
tary or an official health agency to
the primigravida mother in her home.
Methodology
The mothers in this study were
drawn from the regular admissions to
the maternity wards of primigravida
mothers after their delivery. Their se-
lections was made according to the fol-
lowing criteria:
1. The mother is 20 to 29 years
of age inclusive.
2. The pregnancy is without recog-
nized complications.
3. The mother does not have an as-
sociated illness and is well and able
to care for her infant.
4. The mother has delivered a normal
infant of normal birthweight and with
no physical defects.
5. The mother and her child are
under the care and supervision of a
family physician.
6. The mother is married and living
with her husband.
7. The husband is currently employed
or has a means of income not con-
sidered to be welfare.
Two hospitals were used in the
JANUARY 1967
,
'-
...
\
I\
,
\..
IANUARY 1967
-
......
\ I
,
...
;.
., ...
, .
....
..
study and the first 20 mothers who
met the criteria from each hospital
were designated as Group A and
Group B respectively. Group A moth-
ers had visits from a public health
nurse and Group B mothers did not
have public health nursing visits.
The sample mothers were contacted
twice: on the third or fouth day post-
partum in hospital, and after they had
been at home caring for their infants
for four weeks. At both of these times
the mother was asked to complete the
same questionnaire about infant care.
In hospital the mothers were contacted
personally by the investigator. The
second contact was made by mail.
The instrument used in the study
was a questionnaire developed by the
investigator from her personal exper-
iences as a public health nurse and
from writings on child care, especially
the article by Adams. 8 It attempted
to assess the level and intensity of the
mother's concerns about infant care in
the following broad areas: bathing,
crying, feeding, elimination, routine
care, and sleeping. Three of these
areas, feeding, crying, and bathing,
were found by Adams to be problems
for the mothers.
The mothers were also asked to
rank the six areas of infant care in
order of their importance to them and,
after four weeks, to indicate the three
most helpful persons to them during
the past four weeks, and the number
of physician contacts they had made.
Identifying data about the mothers
were taken as well as some indication
of their knowledge and experience in
child care.
The chi-square test was used to
support or reject hypothesis one. The
test for hypothesis two was the Mann-
Whitney V-test. Any differences oc-
curring beyond the 5' percent level of
chance were considered significant in
applying these tests.
The findings
Forty primigravida mothers were in
the sample and all 40 mothers return-
ed the first questionnaire. All but one
returned the second questionnaire.
This mother was in the group with
public health nursing visits.
The tests revealed that for this study
the two groups of mothers could be
considered to be from the same popu-
lation except for the level of educa-
tion and the number of mothers who
worked following their marriages. The
non-service group of mothers had a
higher educational level, worked less
frequently following their marriages,
and tended to have more help at home
with their infants. The control group
of mothers lived in a geographically
different community from the mothers
THE CANADIAN NURSE 47
with public health nursing service. No
attempt was made to assess the socio-
economic levels of the parents. The
mothers in Group B probably had
an advantage here as well, since educa-
tion is one indicator of this status.
Hypothesis One
In general, sample A mothers in-
dicated more concerns at time one in
all areas of infant care except crying.
This group had more "not stated" re-
sponses than Group B. At time two,
the same trends continued with one
exception. The test mothers also re-
ported fewer concerns than the control
group about feeding their infants.
Bathing: Both groups showed a re-
duced number of concerns about bath-
ing their infants from time one to time
two. Although these results were great-
er for the mothers with nursing care,
the difference was not significant and
hypothesis one was not supported.
Crying: The number of concerns
about the crying of the infants was
significantly reduced for each group
after four weeks. The results, how-
ever, did not indicate a significant
enough difference between the two
groups to support hypothesis one for
crying.
Feeding: At time one, the mothers
in sample A had significantly more
concerns about the feeding of their
infants. At time two, there was a sig-
nificant reduction in the conceFns of
the primigravidas with nursing care,
while the mothers without this help
did not achieve this. Hypothesis one
was supported for feeding.
Elimination: No real difference was
indicated for either group of mothers
after four weeks of caring for their
children. Hypothesis one was not sup-
ported for the primigravida mother's
concern about her infant's elimination.
Routine care: Although each group
of mothers was able to reduce her
concerns about the routines of infant
care significantly from the time in
hospital, the difference between the
groups after four weeks was not ade-
quate to support the hypothesis.
Sleeping: The control mothers show-
ed significantly fewer concerns about
the sleeping habits of their infants
than the mothers with nursing care
at both times. The change in the num-
ber of concerns from time one to time
two, however, was not significant
enough between the groups to support
the hypothesis.
Hypothesis Two
In general, at time one in hospital,
the scores of the intensity of the con-
cerns about all areas of infant care
were higher for those primigravidas
who had public health nursing visits.
48 THE CANADIAN NURSE
At time two, the total scores for each
concern was reduced except for sam-
ple B in the area of sleeping. This
score was elevated at time two.
Bathing: Both groups of mothers
showed a reduction in the intensity of
their concerns in this area to well
below the level of chance over the
four-week period. The difference be-
tween the groups, however, was not
sufficient to support hypothesis two
for bathing.
Crying: After four weeks at home,
the mothers in sample A had not
shown a significant reduction in the
intensity of their concerns over their
infants' crying. This, however, did not
hold for the mothers without nursing
care. The results obtained were very
significant and in the opposite direc-
tion to that proposed by the researcher.
Feeding: The in-hospital data col-
lected from the mothers were signifi-
cant for the mothers in the test group.
These mothers had a much higher
intensity score about the feeding of
their infants. After four weeks they
were able to reduce this score to a
level of probability of less than .005.
Group B, on the other hand, had no
significant change in either direction.
Hypothesis number two was accepted.
Elimination, routine care, and sleep-
ing: The null hypothesis was accepted
for these three areas. No statistically
significant data were obtained and
hypothesis two was -not supported.
Public health nursing visits made no
appreciable difference in the intensity
of the mothers' concerns about the
elimination, routine care, or the sleep-
ing of their infants.
For both groups of mothers at the
two times, crying ranked first and
feeding second. There was some shift-
ing of the other four areas at the two
times tested, and the differences ob-
tained are questionable as to prefer-
ence over another concern.
A difference also appears in com-
paring the ranks of the mothers in this
study with areas of concern as found
by Adams. 8 The sample as a whole
placed crying first and feeding second.
In Adams' study, the reverse was
found. Primigravida mothers with and
without nursing service listed their
husbands first and their mothers sec-
ond in terms of helpfulness to them
over the four-week period. The third
most helpful person for group A moth-
ers was the public health nurse. She
was ranked first by three of eight pri-
migravidas in the sample.
In all cases, it was the mother who
was visited by the nurse from the
voluntary agency who indicated the
nurse as helpful. In one unsolicited
response, however, a mother who was
visited by a nurse from the official
agency wrote in the following state-
ment at the end of a lengthy note
about her infant's crying: "I found that
if for nothing else it helps to talk with
the public health nurse because it reas-
sures you and you can ask about small
worries without having to disturb your
doctor."
In third place for Group B mothers
was a variety of other family mem-
bers. The physician was placed fifth
by both groups.
The number of physician contacts
also varied for each group. The moth-
ers with nursing visits had an average
of 2.5 physician visits, while the
mothers without nursing had an aver-
age of 2.0 visits.
Two mothers from sample A and
three mothers from sample B had no
contact with their physicians during
the period of the study. The maximum
number was five contacts made by
two primigravida mothers in Group A.
One mother in Group B had as many
as 10 contacts with her physician dur-
ing the study period.
Discussion and conclusion
The long term purpose of this study
was to find objective evidence to use
in the following controversy in public
health nursing programs: the contin-
uance of a maternal and child health
program as opposed to the curtailment
of this service in favor of newer pro-
grams in other areas. The literature
available to the investigator was limit-
ed and none of the reports attempted
to compare two groups of primigravida
mothers - one with nursing care and
one without - to clarify the effects
of public health nursing services. The
results of the present study do not
strongly support either of the two
arguments. In spite of limitations in
its sampling, the data do point out
pertinent directions for further study
of the controversy.
The major findings of this study
were: The public health nurses had a
positive effect upon both the number
and intensity of the primigravida moth-
er's concerns about the feeding of her
infant. A second major finding was in
the opposite direction than predicted
by the investigator. Although no differ-
ence was found with the group of moth-
ers who had public health nursing care
for numbers of concerns about crying,
the primigravida mothers who did not
have visiting nurses had a greater re-
duction in the intensity of their con-
cerns about their infant's crying.
In comparing the changes that oc-
curred within each group over the
four weeks for the total sample, there
was no reduction made in either the
number or the intensity of concerns
about the infant's sleeping. Bathing
JANUARY 1967
concerns were reduced both in num-
ber and intensity for all primigravidas.
No reduction in the intensity of the
concerns for elimination and feeding
was evident, although the numbers of
these concerns were reduced for all
primigravidas over the four weeks.
The findings relating to feeding and
crying suggest that the effects of pub-
lic health nursing visits require further
study. Why do mothers without nurs-
ing care have reduced intensity of con-
cerns about crying? Why does the pub-
lic health nurse produce improvement
in the mother's concerns only in the
area of feeding? Answers may be with
the quality of an instrument to assess
these areas accurately and it may also
be in the quality of the nursing service
given. Such questions could be answer-
ed by further study using three groups
of mothers: one without public health
nursing, one with the usual public
health nursing, and a third group of
mothers given excellence in nursing
care by a select group of nurses with
controlled supervision.
Another factor that influences the
number and intensity of concerns lies
with the mothers and cannot be con-
trolled. The mother, in hospital before
she has had any experience with her
own infant, seems unable to assess ac-
curately what areas will be of concern
to her and how much of a concern.
Some areas that are not problems in
hospital become major problems as
the child grows. Other concerns disap-
pear completely as the new mother
benefits from her experience. All the
mothers in the sample ranked crying
as number one and feeding as number
two while in hospital, and later after
four weeks. Adams also found crying
of major importance but it was second
to feeding. s In that study, however,
no public health nursing services were
available and half of the mothers gave
birth to premature children.
The results in the present study are
ambiguous. Feeding was positively im-
proved for the mothers with nursing
service. Still, these mothers ranked
feeding second as did the non-service
mothers. Crying was reduced in in-
tensity for non-service mothers, yet
they continued to rank it first as did
the mothers with nursing service. The
limitation in the study's sampling ap-
pears to have some influence on this.
A possible cultural variation in what
is seen as a concern appeared between
the two groups before the mothers had
any experience with their children.
Some of the non-service group of
mothers also had "extended visits"
with their infants in hospital plus ad-
ditional help in the home, which may
have influenced their interpretation
and intensity of concerns.
JANUARY 1967
A very important finding in this
study results from the ranking of in-
dividuals in terms of "helpfulness."
There is, in fact, a need to clarify this
whole area. Mothers in the entire sam-
ple ranked their husbands first and
their mothers second in helpfulness.
Those mothers with public health nurs-
ing services ranked the nurse third,
while the non-public health nursing
group ranked other family members
third. The question of how a mother
views help is not answered in this
study. It is observed. however, that the
primigravida's husband and mother are
with her throughout the 24-hour pe-
riod, and undoubtedly give assistance
in the care of the baby and home.
Physician services were used differ-
ently by the two groups. The mothers
with public health nursing care con-
tacted their physicians more often and
only two in the group were in touch
with him as many as five times. On
the other hand, those primigravida
mothers without service reported con-
tacting their physicians less often. One
mother, however, stated that she con-
tacted her physician 10 times in the
four weeks. The investigator believes
that the mothers with nursing care
used their physician services more
wisely than the mothers without care.
Before this conclusion can be made,
however, further study of this whole
area of "helpfulness" and what per-
sons are "helpful" is needed.
As stated previously, more work is
needed to improve the sensitivity of
the study's instrument and its ability
to discriminate differences. The weight
assigned by the mother was not ac-
curately assessed. One mother ranked
feeding first, but in ranking the scores
for her, crying was first and feeding
further down the list. In reviewing her
responses, it is observed that she had
fewer concerns about feeding and that
only one of these did she rate high in
intensity. This aspect concerned the
amount of breast milk the baby should
get. Clearly, the mother ranked this
above all others. Before using this ins-
trument in further studies, all non-dis-
criminating items need to be removed.
Summary
The results of this study clearly
point to a revision of the instrument
and further study of the concerns of
primigravida mothers. The addition of
a third group of mothers who receive
skilled public health nursing care
under controlled supervision, plus the
opportunity of rooming-in with their
infants in hospital, is also indicated.
An additional study is the whole area
of "helpfulness"; how a mother in-
terprets help; whom she sees as help-
ful persons; and what they contribute.
References
I. Morris, Marian G. The claiming-identi-
fication processes - their meaning for
mother-child mental health. Amer. J.
Orthopsychiat. 25: 303-4, 1965.
2. World Health Organization. ExperT COIII-
mittel' on Nursing. Technical Report
Series, no. 167. Geneva. 1959.
3. Carpenter, H. et al. An Alwlysi.ç of HOllie
Visits to Newborn Infants. Toronto, East
York Leaside Health Unit, 1960.
4. Hunter, T. et al. Routine home visits to
newborn infants by public health nurses.
Can ad. J. Public Health 53: 371-376.
1962.
5. Mann, D. et al. Educatin{? Expectant
Parents. New York, V.N.A. of New
York, 1961.
6. Martin, G.K. and Ladd, K.B. Maternal
and child services, Ontario, 1958. Canad.
J. Public Health 51: 111-119, 1960.
7. Shyne, A.W. et al. Servin!? the Ma/emit)'
Patient ThrouRh Family-Centered Publir
Health Nursing. New York. Community
Service Society of New York. 1962.
8. Adams, Martha. Early concerns of pri-
migravida mothers regarding infant care
activities. Nurs. Res. 12: 72-77, 1963.
9. Seigel. S. Nonparame/ric Stati.ç/ics For
the Behm';oral Sciences. New York,
McGraw-HilI, 1956. 0
THE CANADIAN NURSE 49
"Project Bed Rest" originated in
June ] 965 during discussion periods
in our medical nursing clinics. As in-
termediate students we were concerned
about the how, when, what, and why
of health teaching. We agreed that
when teaching medical patients our
emphasis should be on both rest and
activity.
First of all we considered the mean-
ing of "rest" and other terms used to
describe rest and activity for patients.
As each of us interpreted "complete
bed rest" and "bed rest," we realized
that there was considerable difference
of opinion regarding what instruction
should be given to patients. Jf a similar
confusion of terms existed in the minds
of doctors, nurses, auxiliary workers,
and patients, how inconsistent the nurs-
ing care must be!
We decided that if guide lines for
teaching medical patients could be es-
tablished, this problem might be solv-
ed. With the help of two of our medical
nursing instructors, we drew up a plan
to study the whole subject of rest, to
define the terms "comp]ete bed rest"
and "bed rest," and to gain approval
of the appropriate groups in the hos-
pitaL Thus, project bed rest was
launched with an overall objective to
provide more consistent nursing care
for medical patients.
The first task was to clarify the
purposes of the project. These were:
]. To provide con!>istent care re-
garding rest and activity throughout the
50 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Project bed rest
Six enterprising students at the Calgary General Hospital School of Nursing
conceived, designed and launched a unique plan to make nursing care for the
medical patient more consistent.
L. Dahl, M. Smith, B. Fowle, J. Hutchison, R. Graham, and D. Black
patient's period of hospitalization.
2. To help the patient understand
his program of care, participate in it
and see his progress.
3. To improve communication
among doctors, nurses, other staff, pa-
tients, and patients' relatives.
4. To aid in the orientation of nurs-
ing students, new graduates, and other
staff.
5. To aid in the teaching of new
nursing students in the nursing arts
program.
The second step in the project was to
define and clarify the terms relating to
rest and activity, namely: ]. complete
bed rest; 2. bed rest; and 3. progres-
sive activity.
Steps 10 obtain approval
To obtain approval for the accept-
ance and implementation of project
bed rest, many steps were involved. At
each level of approval the purposes
and specific definitions of the project
were presented in detail. We empha-
!>ized that staff would not be expected
to adhere rigidly to the definitions but.
rather, that each section could serve as
a guide for all personnel on the health
team. Alterations as specified by the
doctor might be required for individual
patients.
Since the project was initiated by
nursing students, the first step was to
gain the approval of the faculty of
the school of nursing. The plan for
rest and activity was presented at a
faculty meeting. With some minor re-
visions, it was unanimously and en-
thusiastically endorsed. The faculty
suggested that the plan be utilized in
all clinical areas of the hospital.
Next, the revised plan was presented
to the director of nursing service,
supervisors, and head nurses at a staff
meeting. Also present at this meeting
was a consultant cardiologist who had
expressed interest in project bed rest
and had offered helpful suggestions,
especially in defining progressive acti-
vity. Again, the plan was readily ac-
cepted and approved for all clinical
areas.
Having received support from the
faculty and all nursing service person-
nel, we next sought the approval of the
hospital administrator. He reviewed
the plan several times and made some
very helpful suggestions.
The final step was to present the
plan to the medical advisory com-
mittee. The administrator explained the
proposed plan to the committee, and
its members gave us enthusiastic sup-
port and approval.
Implementation
Project bed rest was now ready
to be implemented. The responsibility
for making the plan operational was
accepted by a nursing service commit-
tee under the chairmanship of a head
nurse. The written material was dis-
tributed to all nursing units and to
staff doctors. Individual copies of the
JANUARY 1967
.
- -
.
,.
\
;\
1
-
...
I
-\
,," -!I'
: .f
-- '
,,' J
i
. t
\'
.
particular phase or phases of rest
ordered were given to patients with
verbal explanations. All groups con-
cerned with the project recognized that
the guide lines would have to be inter-
preted to new staff, as well as to in-
coming patients, if project bed rest
were to be successful. 0
\.......
Complete Bed Rest
1. To stay in bed at all times.
Bed Rest
2. a. To be fed.
b. To restrict movements.
I. To stay in bed at all times. except for use of commode
chair.
3. To be bathed every second day or p.r.n. (minimal
linen change)
To have total mouth care after meals.
To have hair shampoo once per week, if ordered, in
bed.
2. To feed self; food must be set up. e.g.. meat cut. bread
buttered, etc.
3. To be bathed. but may wash face, hands and finish
bath.
To remain in bed while linen is changed.
To give self total mouth care after meals.
To have shampoo weekly. if ordered, in bed.
4. To shave self.
To apply own cosmetics.
5. To have half-hour rest periods between 2, 3, and 4
above.
4. To be shaved.
To have cosmetics applied. if desired.
5. To have half-hour rest periods between 2, 3. and 4
above.
6. To be turned q.2h. as tolerated, and raised up in bed
by staff (lifting sheet required, e.g., sheepskin).
7. To have passive movements b.i.d. to all joints for 5
minutes and deep breathing exercises q.lh. (10-12 deep
breaths). Should wiggle toes, fingers, feet, wrists, q. Ih.
8. To have visitors restricted to immediate family (5 min.).
one at a time.
6. To turn self by rolling from side to side like a log;
must be assisted when raising up in bed.
7. fo initiate active movements b.i.d. to all joints, for 5-
minute periods.
To take deep breathing exercises qlh.
8. To have visitors restricted to immediate family (15
min.).
9 To be lifted into commode chair at bedside for bowel
movements.
9. To use bedpan (slipper pan); should be assisted by two
people. Males to use urinal in bed.
10. a. To have reading material propped.
b. To operate radio.
J O. a. To hold books, etc.
b. To operate radio
nd T.V.
J I. To have a "call" light within easy reach at all times.
12. To be checked at regular intervals by the nurse.
I 1. To have a "call" light within easy reach at all times.
12. To be checked at regular intervals by the nurse.
JANUARY 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 51
Progressive Activity
Day Bath every 2 days
or p.r.n.
With help. Legs, feet, and
back to be done by nurse
2 With help
3 With help
4 With help
5 With help
6 May bathe self in bed.
Shampoo if ordered.
7 May bathe self in bed.
Shampoo if ordered.
8 May bathe self in bed.
Shampoo if ordered.
9 May bathe self in bed.
Shampoo if ordered.
10 May bathe self in bed.
Shampoo if ordered.
I I Wash self in bath-room.
12 Wash self in bath-room.
Elimination
Commode at bedside for BM's
(lifted).
Use bedpan, urinal for voiding.
Commode at bedside for BM's
(lifted).
Use bedpan, urinal for voiding.
Commode at bedside for BM's
(lifted).
Use bedpan, urinal for voiding.
Commode in BR for BM's, use
bedpan or urinal for voiding.
Commode in BR for BM's, use
bedpan or urinal for voiding.
Commode in BR for everything.
Commode in BR for everything.
May walk to bathroom once
daily.
Commode in bathroom other
times.
May walk to bathroom twice
daily.
Commode other times.
May walk bathroom three times
daily, commode other times.
See "walking."
I
Sitting
,
Walking
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
2 or 3 steps to chair b.i.d. (as-
sisted) .
5 or 6 steps to chair (assisted).
30 min., b.i.d., chair in room. Walk to chair b.Ld. and walk
to bathroom once daily (if
BR within 10 yards of bed).
35 min., b.i.d., chair in room. Walk to bathroom twice daily.
Walk to bathroom three times
daily.
Walk to bathroom four times
daily.
Increase walk to bathroom once
daily then walk in corridor and
up and down stairs as ordered.
52 THE CANADIAN NURSE
JANUARY 1967
Dangle 5 min. b.i.d.
5 min., chair at bedside (lifted).
5 min., b.i.d., chair near bed-
side (self-assisted).
10 min., b.i.d., chair near bed-
side (self-assisted).
15 min., b.Ld., chair near bed-
side (self-assisted).
20 min., b.i.d., chair near bed-
side (see "walking").
25 min., b.i.d., chair in room.
40 min., b.i.d.
45 min., b.i.d.
Increase chair 5 min. daily.
books
Pediatric Nursing by Audrey J. Kalafatich,
R.N., M.S.N. 432 pages. New York.
G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1966,
Reviewed by Miss Nell Joiner, assista1lt
professor, maternal-child nursing, Me-
morial University of Newfoundland
School of NursinR, St. John's, Nfld.
fhe author states in the preface that her
aim is to give some insight into the care
of the "whole child." The format of the
text follows the usual sequence of delineat-
ing care of the child from birth through
adolescence according to developmental
tasks and needs peculiar to specific develop-
mental levels. Throughout the text, brief
reference is made to common diseases and
disorders according to age levels, with treat-
ment and nursing care following each condi-
tion. General principles of nursing care are
outlined but never developed in breadth and
depth.
Unit I is extraordinarily brief and
vague in presenting a frame of reference
for quality nursing care based on un-
derstanding of the child as a person in a
given point of time with a specific problem
and as a member of a family constellation.
The reference to the importance of relation-
ships and interrelationships in pediatrics
follows the same generalization. It would
have been better to omit this entirely rather
than to confuse the issue with superficiality
and vagueness.
Units II through VI deal with the cycle
of childhood from birth through adoles-
cence. The discussions of treatment and nur-
sing care seem more of a condensed resume
with sweeping generalizations, rather than
broad principles upon which to base and
plan individualized nursing care. I find the
discussions that are devoted to nursing care
disappointingly brief and inadequate. An
example of this brevity appears on page
218, where the author devotes a three-
sentence paragraph to the treatment and
care of the infant with cerebral palsy.
Another example of brevity appears on
page 413: "The pre- and postoperative care
that accompanies the spinal fusion will not
be given in detail since it is essentially the
same as for an adult patient with a solid
fusion of the spine." By a swift stroke of a
pen, the author moves to something else
without pointing out the similarities and
differences. It would seem that she is as-
suming that the student has sufficient prior
knowledge and experience to make the
necessary adaptations in planning care for
the adolescent with a spinal fusion.
,ANUARY 1967
Some of the information on treatment
and nursing care is unclear and, consequent-
ly, open to misinterpretation. An example
of lack of clarity appears on page 180 in
whIch the author states that "an elevated
temperature raises the body's need for oxy-
gen and metabolism." Here she treats an
adaptive bodily process, metabolism, in the
same order as the body's need for a life-
sustaining substance, oxygen. What is she
trying to convey - the body's reaction to
an elevated temperature, the increased need
for oxygen to meet the demands of speeded
up cellular activity, or what?
This book falls far short of presenting
any real insight into the care of the "whole
child" and does not support the thesis that
the book is primarily concerned with nur-
sing care. Brevity, sweeping generalizations,
and vagueness are its chief characterictics
and weaknesses. It may have some value
as a handbook for quick, brief references,
but limited value as the text of choice for
basic students in professional nursing.
Fundamentals of Research in Nursing
by David J. Fox, Ph.D. 285 pages. New
York, Appleton-Century-Crofts. 1966.
Reviewed by Miss Kathleen A. Dier, as-
sistant professor, School of Nursing, Un i-
J'ersity of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon,
Saskatchewan.
The stated purpose of this book is to
prepare the nurse to be an "intelligent, criti-
cal consumer of research." The author ex-
plains that the skills needed to understand
and use research are different than those
needed to do research. It is intended to
help nurses evaluate the research now being
produced. not only in nursing but in relat-
ed social sciences as well. Dr. Fox is well
prepared for this assignment as he teaches
an introductory course in nursing research
at Columbia University, New York.
The book is divided into five major areas.
The author begins by describing a project
that he conducted, then deals in detail
with the 17 steps required in the planning
and implementing of this study. He proposes
a model that should help identify areas for
further research in nursing. It is stated that
nurses have a unique contribution to make,
providing they concentrate on problems
related to nursing. However, Dr. Fox is
also in favor of interdisciplinary research
where the nurse is a member of the investi-
gating team.
The second area is mainly devoted to
statistical procedures that the author believes
must be comprehended before the principles
of research can be understood. The rationale
of statistics is given without any of the com-
plicated formulae. Even though this section
is clearly written with practical examples
taken from nursing, some of the concepts
might be hard to grasp if the reader has
no previous knowledge of statistical
methods. The section on sampling is excel-
lent.
The fourth area deals with the various
types of research and the methods of
gathering data. Here, the issue of ethics
in nursing research is raised and I would
heartily agree that this is a problem that
must be faced soon by our profession.
In the fifth section, the nurse is advised
how to evaluate the written report. It is
truly stated that where research is concerned
nurses have been "a polite, uncritical and
largely unresponsive audience." Dr. Fox
urges nurses to make more use of good
research findings and actively reject those
that are poor. This is the only way that the
product will be improved.
I believe the author has achieved his
objective by presenting rather complex
research methodology in a simple, straight-
forward manner. It could be a valuable
reference for leaders in nursing and students
in university, since it contains many ideas
for nursing studies and an excellent reading
list. Although it is not light reading, I
would recommend this book to all nurses
who wish to become intelligent participators
in the changes now taking place in our pro-
fession.
Basic Concepts in Anatomy and Physiology
by Catherine Parker Anthony, R.N., B.A.,
M.S. 132 pages. Saint Louis, Mosby, 1966.
Rn'iewed by !'vlrs. Jean Magee, instructor
of anatomy and physiology, Victoria
General Hospital School of Nursing,
Halifax, Nova Scotia.
To review this book objectively, I had to
supplement my knowledge of programmed
instruction. In so doing, I reversed a rather
unfavorable first opinion to one of great
enthusiasm.
The author has achieved her expressed
purpose to produce a programmed text that
would be used as a "supplement and not
as a substitute for a conventional textbook."
She states in the preface that "the book
will have greatest value for students wanting
10 acquire or review basic information or to
(Continued on page 54)
THE CANADIAN NURSE 53
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Personnel Office, Dept. 401
Mary Fletcher Hospital Medical Center I
Burlington, Vermont 05401 I
Please tell me more about career opportuni- I
ties at Mary Fletcher Hospital Medical Center I
and send me literature about Vermont - I
The Beckoning Country. I
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NAME I
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-------------------
IN CAPS AND GOWNS
THE STORY OF
THE SCHOOL FOR
GRADUATE NURSES
McGill UNIVERSITY
1920 - 1964
. . provides vignettes of the devoted
and far-seeing women who toiled to
develop the School ... An amazing
feature of this book is the warm and
engaging style which emerges ... A
handsomely produced volume."
THE MONTREAL STAR
A vailable by mail or in person
c/o
SCHOOL FOR GRADUATE NURSES
3506 University Street
Montreal r P.Q.
PRICE: $6.50 per copy
54 THE CANADIAN NURSE
books
(Co/ltinued from page 53j
clarify difficult concepts about the human
body."
Information in sequence is presented in
small steps (frames) that require frequent
responses by the student. Miss Anthony
chose to use the classical linear form type
of frame developed by Skinner at Harvard
University, rather than the branching or
multiple-choice frame. Early frames in each
unit set forth simple, easy concepts of the
subject material.
If the reader chose only to read the begin-
ning questions in each unit, she would
probably conclude that the entire book was
too elementary for students of nursing.
Questions in the early frames tend to be
redefinitions of what has been previously
stated, and a simple glance upward supplies
the missing word. However, as the frames
progress, there is also a step-by-step progres-
sion in the complexity of subject matter.
The reader finds herself actively reading
and responding to highly complex concepts
without realizing their complexity.
In this text, immediate feedback is given
to the student to inform her whether her
response is correct. The student need waste
little time and effort confirming her res-
ponses as the correct answer is found to
the left of each frame. Thus, if she answers
correctly, she progresses to the next fact.
If she does not understand, she can be
helped immediately.
In summary, this book will be a chal-
lenge to those who teach anatomy and
physiology in schools of nursing. It could
prove helpful as an aid to all students, in
particular, to those students who have dif-
ficulty grasping principles in this subject.
.............. ..............
..............
SPEND 12 MONTHS IN ENGLAND. . . ..
.. A POST ..
REGISTRA TION
COURSE
leading to the
OPHTHALMIC NURSING DIPLOMA
at
MANCHESTER ROYAL EYE HOSPITAL
An interesting course at Britain'. largest pro.
inciol Eve Hospilol, porI of fhe greol Teoch-
Ing HOSpllol ossocioled wilh Ihe UniversilV of
Manchester.
Requirements - Reciprocal registration with
Ihe Generol Nursing Council for Englond ond
Woles.
Salary [57.10.. Slerling
er manlh
5 weeks holiday wil pay
Attractive accommodation approx. f19
Slerling per month
Wrile for further deloils 10: Miss N Muslord
B.N. McGill, Molron, Monchester Rovol EY
.. Hospilol, Manchesler 13, Englond.
..
Elementary Textbook of Anatomy and Phys-
iology Applied to Nursing by Janet T.E.
Riddle, R.G.N., R.F.N., O.N.C. 151
pages. Toronto, MacMillan of Canada,
1966.
Reviewed by Sister Frances L. Rooney,
assistant administrator, Holy Family Hos-
pital, Prince Albert, Sask.
In spite of the brevity of this text, es-
ecially in the content about physiology, it
tS a very practical presentation, and should
be of particular value to nursing assistants
and technicians. Each system is presented
concisely, and the book concludes with a
valuable chapter on "Posture - Nurse and
Patient. "
The chapter on the digestive system is
incomplete, but the chapter on the respir-
atory system is excellent. Accompanying
illustrations are good. Anyone studying
anatomy and physiology will find the review
questions at the end of each chapter very
practical, especially in reference to an-
atomy.
This book is, as the author states "a
simple overall picture of the human b
dY"
and as such should be of value to a nurse
looking for a quick review, or the beginning
student who requires only very elementary
knowledge of the subject.
In Caps and Gowns by Barbara Logan
Tunis, B.N. 154 pages. 1966. Montreal,
McGill University Press.
Reviewed by Miss Margaret E. Kerr, Apt.
1403, 150 -24th Street, West Val/couver,
B.C., formerly executive director and
editor of The Canadian Nurse.
The significance and importance of uni-
versity education for professional nurses has
been so strongly emphasized over the past
few years that it is difficult to realize that
50 years ago, even 40 years, it was practi-
cally an unknown quantity in Canada. Grad-
uates of the past two or three decades
scarcely can imagine a time when Canadian
universities. through their Boards of Gover-
nors, flatly refused to recognize the desire
or the need for any programs for nurses.
Today, the strong emphasis on advanced
preparation is a keystone of policy in the
Canadian Nurses' Association. The findings
of the Royal Commission on Health strength-
en the CNA platform. Why was nursing
for so long an unwanted stepchild of higher
education?
This question and many others of a simi-
lar nature are answered in this history of
the development of the School for Graduate
Nurses of McGill University. Out of her
very thorough research of old records. her
interviews and correspondence, and her per-
sonal knowledge as a member of the first
class to receive a B.N. degree from Mc-
Gill. Mrs. Tunis has woven a wondrously
interesting history that merits the attention
of today's generation of nurses.
The close of World War I marked a
JANUARY 1967
books
turning point in medical care. The change
of emphasis from strictly curative to broad-
ly preventive program
brought with it a
growing demand for nurses who were quali-
fied to go into the homes. the schools, and
industries to teach the fundamentals of good
health. Preparation for these new duties was
not included in the curricula of many of
the "training schools" of that day. It seemed
logical, therefore, that the leaders in nurs-
ing should turn to the traditional sources
of higher education - the universities -
for guidance and assistance in developing
the essential cour
es. Unhappily, organized
nursing had not yet set its own educational
tandards either for admission to schools
or for the programs of instruction provided.
Thus, it was inevitable that there should be
difficulties in persuading universities of the
validity of the requests for a place to be
found within the university for nursing
programs.
That the original committee of nursing
leaders in Montreal was able to achieve an
initial goal by 1920 is a tribute to their
dogged perseverence. With three different
certificate courses established, student en-
rollment flourished. Financially, there were
always problems to maintain the School, so
the sharp depression of the thirties came as
a shuddering, almost fatal blow.
It was then that the active Alumnae As-
sociation, by a herculean effort, with Miss
E. Frances Upton leading the way, raised
the necessary funds.
Throughout her history, Mrs. Tunis has
given us many intimate biographical sketches
of the people who have brought the School
to its present stature. For these alone, In
Caps and Gowns is worthy of interested
reading. Through them she has portrayed
not only their contributions to the School
for Graduate Nurses but also an insight into
the development of our own Canadian
Nurses' Association.
We strongly recommend this history to
instructors in our schools of nursing, to
graduate nurses everywhere, and of course
to those nurses who have been privileged
to participate in any of the programs of
study that are provided.
Annototed Bibliogrophy on Childhood
Schizophrenia 1955-1964 by James R.
Tilton, M.S., Marian K. DeMyer, M.D.,
and Lois Hendrickson Loew, M.S. 136
pages. Toronto, Ryerson, 1966.
Re
'iewed by Mrs. E.M. Pollard, nursing
administrator, Sherwood Hospital, Char-
lottetown, P.E.I.
rhe object of the authors has been to
provide a comprehensive SOurce of reference
to the English-language writings on child-
JANUARY 1967
hood schizophrenia for the period 1955 to
1964.
The book is subdivided appropriately into
seven sections: historical and general review
articles; descriptions and diagnosis; etiology;
biochemical, neurological, and physiological
studies; family characteristics; treatment and
care; and follow-up studies. In each section
the annotations of the books and papers are
concise and clear-cut.
This bibliography should save many hours
of searching through library shelves, as the
books and periodicals listed are readily
available in the libraries of psychiatric
units. The objective of the authors has been
accomplished.
films
Pharmacology
Drugs and the Nervous System is a
recently-released film showing the effects
of drugs on organs and body systems.
Aspirin is used to demonstrate how a drug
works, but considerable emphasis is placed
on the abuse or misuse of certain drugs,
such as stimulants (amphetamines), depres-
sants (barbiturates, opiates), and halluci-
nogens (marijuana. LSD).
The film is in color and runs for 16
minutes. FuU information can be obtained
from Churchill Films. Educational Film
Distributors Ltd., 191 Eglinton Ave. E.,
Toronto 12, Ontario. A rental fee is charged.
Cardiac arrest
The Nurse in Emergency Cardiopulmonary
Resuscitation, a 16 mm., 15 minute, color,
sound film, was released in faU 1966. It
shows a hospital patient in acute cardio-
pulmonary distress and emphasizes the
nurse's function and responsibilities from
the initiation of resuscitation through to
transfer of the patient to the care of the
physician.
The film would be especially useful in
inservice education programs, and for show-
ing in schools of nursing. It is available on
loan from the Canadian Heart Foundation.
1130 Bay Street, Toronto 5, Ont.
Arthritis
Rheumatoid Arthritis is a new, 30-minute,
color, sound film designed primarily for the
physician. However, it contains considerable
information on aspects of this complex
disease process that would be of considerable
interest to student nurses and to graduate
nurses working with patients suffering from
these diseases.
Etiology, diagnostic methods, and recent
advances in treatment are demonstrated.
Typical arthritic forms in the adult are
shown and the development from monar-
thritis to polyarthritis.
The film may be borrowed from Film
Library, Pfizer Company Ltd., 50 Place
Cremazie, Montreal II, Quebec.
Next Month
in
The
Canadian
Nurse
Estrogens
and the
menopause
Care of
patients
with
skin cancer
Drug addiction
- research,
treatment, and
nursing care
Photo credits
Dominion-Wide, p. 8.
Cerebral Palsy Assoc. of
Quebec, p. 31.
National Hcalth and Welfare,
pp. 44, 51.
Miller Services, Toronto, p. 47.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 55
'\
ORKSIIOPS FOR
DIRECTORS AND
i\.SSIST ANT DIRECTORS
SiK regionol workshops for directors or ossistant directors of nursing service in hospitals
will be conducted in 1967. The topic: Improvement of Nursing Service in Hospitals Through
the problem-Solving Method.
The workshops aim at stimuloting directors and assistant directors of nursing service to use
the problem-solving approach in the odministrotion of nursing services. Key speakers will
discuss techniques of problem-solving. Major problems in nursing services in Canada will be
discussed. Through group work and case study methods skills in problem-solving will be
developed.
Two workshops will be
Region
Atlantic
West
And four In the Fall:
Region
Ontario
Mid-West
Ontario
Quebec
held in the Spring:
City
HalifaK
Vancouver
Dote
April 11-14, 1967
May 2.5, 1967
City
Toronto
Regina
London
Quebec City
Dote
October 17-20, 1967
October 24-27, 1967
November 7-10, 1967
Nov. 28-Dec. 1, 1967
EKact locations will be onnounced later.
The workshop to be held in Quebec city will be conducted in the French language only.
English longuage nurses in the province of Quebec ore invited to ottend one of the work-
shops held in Ontorio. French language nurses in New Brunswick are invited to attend the
workshop in Quebec city.
The workshops are open to directors or assistant directors of nursing service in hospitals.
Registration is limited to 60 persons. The registration fee is $50.00. Because of the nature
of the workshop only full-time registrants can be accepted.
Here is an opportunity for directors and assistant directors of nursing service:
. to sharpen skills in problem-solving within a
"training laboratory" environment;
. to leorn how problem-solving can be facilitated through group work;
. to stimulate orderly thinking toward the improvement of
nursing service;
. to identify the leadership role of the director of nursing service
and/or assistant director of nursing service in problem-solving and
decision making.
Interested! then plan now to attend the workshop in your area. Register early and avoid
disappointment.
I wish to register for the CNA Regional Workshop for Directors or
Assistant Directors of Nursing Service in Hospitals held in :
o Halifax 0 Regina
o Vancouver 0 London
o Toronto 0 Quebec City
Name
Title of Position
Name of Hospital
City or Town
Qualifications beyond RN
I enclose postal note (bank money order) for $
payable to the Canadian Nurses' Association.
Years in Position
Number of Beds
MAIL TO:
CANADIAN NURSES' ASSOCIATION
50 The Driveway
Ottawa 4, Ontario
56
THE CANADIAN NURSE
accession list
Publication
in this list of material
received recently in the CNA library are
\hown in I,mguage of source. The majority
(reference material and theses. indicated by
R excepted) may be borrowed by CNA
member
. and by libraries of ho\pitals and
\choo]
of nursing and other institutions.
Requests for loan\ should be made on the
"Reque\t Form for Accc\\ion Li\t" (page
58) and should be addre
sed to: The Li-
brary. Canadian Nurses' Associ,nion. SO
The Driveway. Ottawa 4. Ontario.
BOOKS AND DOCUMENTS
I. Basic COllceptS ill lIlIatomy alld phy-
\'/ology by Catherine Parker Anthony. St.
Louis. Mosby. 1966. 133 p.
2. Bibliograp/'ical procedures alld style by
Hlanche Pritchard McCrum and Helen Du-
denbostel Jones. Washington. Library of
Congress, 1954. ] 33 p.
3. Calladiall quotatiolls ami phra.res, liter-
ary alld historical by Robert M. Hamilton.
Toronto. McClelland and Stewart. ] 952.
272 p. R
4. Cvmmullity colleges ill Callada, Na-
tion,.1 seminar on The Community College
in Canada. May 30, 31. June I. 1966. To-
ronto, Canadian Association for Adult Edu-
cation, 1966. 109 p.
5. Colltilluity of patiellt care: the role of
lIunillg by K. Mary Str,lUb and Kitty S
Parker. Washington. Catholic Univer
ity of
American Press. c] 966. 232 p.
Ii. The dc.\criptÏ1'e catalogillg vf library
mCllaials, 2d ed. rev., by Shirley L Hop-
kin
on. S,m Jose. Calif., Claremont House,
c1966. 78 p.
7. Ecollomic comequellces of the profes-
rioll.f by D.S. Lees. London. Institute of
Economic affairs. 1966. 48 p.
8. Education studies in progress in Can-
adian //IIi\'ersilies 1965 by the Canadian
Education Association Research and Infor-
mation Division. Toronto. 1966. 210 p. R
9. Essentials of chemistry by Gretchen O.
Luros and Jack C. Towne. Philadelphia.
Lippincott. c1966. 356 p.
01'10. The foundations of nursing as cvn-
ceil'ed, learl/ed, and practiced in profes-
.fiol/al I/ursil/g by Lillian DeYoung. SI.
Louis, Mosby, 1966. 279 p.
I I. FUI/damentais of public health I/ursing
by Kathleen M. Leahy and M. Marguerite
Cobb. New York. McGraw-Hili. c1960. 225 p.
12. Group psychotherapy in nurs/llg prac-
tice by Shirley W. Armstrong and Sheila
Rouslin. New York. MacMillan. c1963. 170 p.
13. l.fSue.f i/l /lursil/g by Bonnie Bullough
and Vern Bullough. New York. Springer.
c1966. 278 p.
14. The leader and the prOCe.fS of change
by Thoma
R. Bennett, New York. A\
oci,l-
tion Pre
s, c1962. 63 p.
15. The life of Florel/ce Nigl1tingale by
Sarah A. Tooley. New York. MacMillan.
JANUARY 1967
accession list
london. Bousfield. 1905. 344 p.
16. !llaterni1\' care ill the wurld: mterna-
tional survey of mid\\-ifery practice and
training. Report of ,I Joint Study Group
of the International Federation of Gynae-
cology and Ob
tetrics and the International
Confederation of Midwive
. Oxford. Perga-
mon Pre
s. c 1966. 527 p.
17. No mall stallds alolle by Amy V. Wil-
,on. Sidney. B.C'.. Gray. 1966. c1965. 138 p.
18. Nllr.fe ph\'siciall collaboratioll toward
Ùllpl'ol'ed patiellt care. Papers from National
Conference for Professional Nur
e
and Phy-
sicians. 2d. Denver. Col., Sept. 3D-Oct. 2.
1965. sponsored by The American Medical
A
ociation and The American Nur
ð As-
sociation. New York. American Nurses As-
sociation. c 1966. 63 p.
19. N ur.fÏllg care plalls. Study program in
nursing management by the American Ho
-
pital Association. Hospital Research and
Education Trust. Chicago. American Hos-
pital Association. 1966. 77 p.
. 20. The lIursillg prufeHioll: fil'e mciol-
ogical essays by Fred Davis. New York.
Wiley. c1966. 203 p.
21. The lIursillg senice mallual of policies
alld wor/..illg relatiolls 3d ed. prepared by
St. Francis Hospital. Wichit:!. Kansas. St.
loui
. Catholic Ho'pital Association. 1964.
Iv.
22. Opilli01/f de sept groupes de perSUlllles
ell COli tact al'ec l'C'tudiaute illfirmière par
rapport a des comportement, généralement
dé,irables ou inacceptable, par Soeur Jeanne
Fore
t. Montréal. 1966. Thesis - Olla\\-a R
23. Piuurc: \OlIri es. 2d ed.. by Cele
tine
G. Frankenberg. New York. Special Librarie
A
sociation. c 1964 216 p. R
2
. A 1'1011 for imlerillg the periudical
literature of lIursillg by Vern M. Pings. New
York, American Nur
es' Foundation, c1966.
:!02 p.
25. Proce.';illg ma/1//(/I: a pictori,tI work-
book of cat,llo
cards by Althea Conley
Herald. Teaneck. New Jersey. Fairleigh Di::-
kinson University Pre
s. 1963. 88 p.
26. Relwhilitatioll cellter pl(lllllillf! (III or.
chitectural guide by Cuthbert A. Salmon and
Christine F. Salmon. University Park. Penn..
Pennsylvania State University Press. 1959.
1964 p.
27. Studellt Ilune I,'a,'tage by General
Nursing Council for England and Wales.
London. 1966. 48 p.
28. A stlldv of programs ill selected
fe/IOOls of lIursillf! to determille the liberal
edllcatioll coutellt of the curriculum with
specific referellce to learnillg experiellces
related to lIursill!! of the af!ed by Frances
Edith Bell. London. 1966. 175 p. Thesis
(M.Sc.N.) - We
tern Ontario R
29. A study of the relatiollship betweell
tI,e predictioll of succefS ill a school of
lIursillg alld c1illical performallce by Jeanne
Dolores Zelech. Se,lItle. 1966. 87 p. Thesis
(M.N.) - Washington. R
30. Ta/..ill!! the hospital to the patieut;
home care fur the small COllllllllllity by John
R. Griffith. BailIe Creek. Mich.. W.K. Kel-
logg Foundation, 1966. 55 p.
31. Teachillg alld Admillistratioll ill Nurs-
in!! Associate Degree Prograllls. Second
Seminar. Purdue University. July 18-30.
1965. Report. Layfelle. Indiana. Purdue
Univer,ity, Dept. of Nursing, 1965. 49 p.
32. TeHboo/.. of allatomy Gild phyÛology
for Ilunes by Diana Clifford Kimber and
Carolyn E. Gray. 5th ed. rev. New York.
MacMillan. 1919. 527 p.
33. Todav alld tomorrow ill we.'terfl flllrs-
ÙI!! by Western Interstate Commission for
Higher Education. Bolder. CoI.. 1966. 108 p.
PAMPHLETS
4. ApprOl'ed medical-Illlne plocedllres
by Registered Nurses' As
ociation of Nova
Scotia. Halifax. 1966.
35. A guide for staff educatioll alld staff
dl'l'elopmellt by the Regi
tered Nur<;cs Asso-
ciation of Ontario. Commillee on Nur
ing
Service. Toronto. 1966. 6 p.
36. A guide to iuterl'iewillg alld cuulHeI-
illg for the lIurse ill illdustry by the American
Association of Industrial Nurses. Committee
\r
tur (f JlOrectfl!
rOll/lort
thflt {fistS!
meet the patient's needs with
ANUSOL
Hemorrhoidal Suppositories and Ointment
SAFE: Anusol contains no
analgesics or narcotics and will
not mask the symptoms of serious
rectal pathology.
'r
\
..
(
I
CHASE
HOSPITAL
DOLLS
For demonstrating and practicing the
newest nursing techniques . lavage and
gavage . tracheotomy and colostomy,
and their post-operation care . nasal
and otic irrigations . catheterization and
all abdominal irrigations . subcutane-
ous, intramuscular and intradermal injec-
tions . and all standard nursing procedures.
Let us tell you about the new features we
have added to this world-famous teaching
aid. Write to
M. J. CHASE Co. Inc.
Pawtucket
.
-
WARNER-CHILCOTT I EÐ I
laboratories Co. limited, Toronto, Canada we
Makers of Tedral.Brondecon, Choledyl
JANUARY 1967
156 Broadway
Rhode Island
THE CANADIAN NURSE 57
accession list
on Education. New York. American Asso-
ciation of Industrial Nurses. 1960. p. 21-28.
(Reprint) R
37. A guide to till' respullsibilities alld
qualificatiolls for mriulls positiufl.f ill IIl1rs-
illg .fenice by the Registered Nurses Asso-
ciation of Ontario. Committee on Nursing
Education Sub-Committee on Basic Oegree
Programs. Toronto, 1966. 2 p.
38. A gllide to tile respollsibilities and
qualificationf for "uriolls positions in nllrs-
ing .ferl'ice by the Registered Nurses Asso-
ciation of Ontario. Committee on Nursing
Service. Toronto. 1966. 8 p.
39. How to IIse YOllr lihrary by Harold
S. Sharp. New York. Consolidated Book
Service. c1963. 17 p.
40. Preselllatioll 011 nllrsing needs for
Prince Edward Island. Brief to the execu-
tive council of the Prince Edward Island
Government by the Association of Nurses of
Prince Edward Island. Charlottetown, 1966.
10 p.
41. A teacllillg guide to science and cancer
by Ralph P. Frasier and others for the
National Science Teachers Association.
Washington. U.S. Oept. of Health. Educa-
tion and Welfare. Public Health Service.
1966. 24 p.
42. T eaclltllg melltal IIealtll in tire basic
uursing program by the Registered Nurses
Assocication of Ontario. Committee on Nurs-
ing Education. Toronto, 1966. 10 p.
GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS
Canada
43. Illternal migratioll ill Callada, 1921-
1961 by Isabel B. Anderson. Ottawa, Eco-
nomic Council of Canada, 1966. 90 p.
44. Assllrallce médicale pril'ée et paiement
par alllicipatioll par Charles H. Berry. Ot-
tawa, Imprimeur de la Reine, 1966. 255 p.
(Commission royale d'enquête sur les ser-
vices de santé.)
45. Tile cOlllributioll of edllcation to eco-
nomic growtll by Gordon W. Bertram.
Ottawa, Economic Council of Canada, 1966.
150 p.
SasJ..atcllewall
46. Oept. of Public Health. Ad hoc Com-
mittee on Nursing Education. Report. Re-
gina, Queen's Printer, 1966. 226 p.
United States
47. Bibliographic aspects of medlars by
Seymour I. Taine. Washington, U.S. Public
Health Service; Reprint from Bull. Med. Lib.
Assoc. v. 52, no. I, Jan. 1964. p. 152-/57.
48. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel-
fare. Public Health Service. Focus resources
ill school health services. Washington, U.S.
Govt. Print. Off., 1966. 20 p.
49. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel-
fare. Public Health Service. Health mall-
power source book, sectioll 2, Nursing per-
sOllllel. Washington. U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,
1966. 113 p.
50. Oept. of Health, Education and Wel-
fare. Public Health Service. How to be a
nurses' aide ill a nursing home; instructor's
mallual. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,
I 966. 20 p.
51. Oept. of Health. Education and Wel-
fare. Public Health Service. Occupational
melllal IIealth: all emerging art. Washington,
U.S. Govt. Print. Off.. 1966. p. 961-976.
52. Oept. of Health, Education and Wel-
fare. Public Health Service. Pllblic Health
service film catalog 1966. Washington, U.S.
Govt. Print Off.. 1966. 99 p.
53. Oept. of Health, Education and Wel-
fare. Public Health Service. Traillillg pro-
f!rams of the Natiullal ll1stitttte of Melltal
Health. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,
1966. 21 p.
54. Desigll features affectillg asepsis ill
tile hospital by Richard P. Gaulin. Rev.
Washington, U.S. Oept. of Health, Edcation
and Welfare. Public Health Service. 1966.
10 p.
55. National Library of Medicine. Cllm-
ulated index medicus, 1965. Washington,
U.S. Govt. Print. Off.. 1966. 4 pts. R
56. Occupatiollal health IIl1nes: all initial
slln'ey by Mary Lou Bauer and Mary
Louise Brown. Washington, U.S. Oep!. of
Health, Education and Welfare. Public
Health Service, 1966. 146 p.
Request Form for "Accession List"
CANADIAN NURSES' ASSOCIATION LIBRARY
Send to:
LIBRARIAN, Canadian Nurses' Association, 50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario.
Please lend me the following publications, listed in the
Canadian Nurse, or add my name to the waiting list to receive them when available:
Item
No.
Author
issue of The
Short title (for identification)
Requests for loans will be filled in order of receipt.
Reference and restricted material must be used in the CNA library.
Borrower
Position ..
Address
Date requested
58 THE CANADIAN NURSE
JANUARY 1967
classified advertisements
ALBERTA
BRITISH COLUMBIA
Regi.t.r.d Nur... (2-required immediately) far 20-bed,
8 bassinet. active treatment hospital. Location. South-
ern Alberta. Starting salary $370 with annual in-
crement. to $420. recognition given for Qualifications
and experience. 28 days vacation plus 9 statutory
holidays. Board and room available in modern
nurses' residence. Medical Insurance and Pension
Plans available. Apply to: The Matron, or Adminis-
trator, Bow Island General Hospital, Bow Island,
Alberta. 1.11-2
R.gist.r.d Nu.... for new 50-bed active treatment
hospital situated only 15 miles from Edmonton.
Salary $360 - $420 per month. Recognition given for
previo\JI experience. Excellent personnel policies and
working conditions. For further information please
write to: Miss M. Macintosh, R.N., Director of
Nursing, Fort Saskatchewan General Hospital, Box
1270, Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta. 1.39-2
Regi.t.r.d Nurse. WANTED (immediate vacancies)
34-bed active treatment hospifar, fuliV accredited,
located in prosperous farming district in central
Alberta. Salary range $360 - $420 with experience
recognized. AO hour week - 21 days annual vacation
plus statutory holidays, with rotating 8 hour shifts.
Full maintenance in nurses' residence $35 per month.
For further information kindly contact: Mrs. M. Carter,
Director of Nursing, Provost Municipal Hospital. Pro-
vost, Alberta. t.73-1
REGISTERED NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY (WANTED)
for a 37.bed General Hospital. Salary $380 - $440
per month. Commencing with $375 with I year and
$390 with 3 years practical experience elsewhere.
Full maintenance available at $35 per month. Pen-
sion plan available, train fare from any point in
Canada will be refunded after t vear employment.
Hospital located in a town of 1,100 population, 85
miles from Capital City on a paved highway.
Apply to: Two Hills Municipal Hospital, Two Hills,
Alberta. t-88-1
ADVERTISING
RA TES
FOR ALL
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING
$10.00 for 6 lines or less
$2.00 for each additional line
Rates for display
advertisements on reQuest
Closing date for copy and cancellation is
6 weeks prior to 1st day of publication
month.
The Canadian Nurses' Association has
not yet reviewed the personnel policies
of the hospitals and agencies advertising
in the Journal. For authentic information,
prospective applicants should apply to
the Registered Nurses' Association of the
Province in which they are interesteQ
in working.
Address correspondence to:
The
Canadian ð
Nurse Ç7
50 THE DRIVEWAY
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO
JANUARY 1967
I I
ALBERTA
NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active 30-bed hospital,
recently constructed building. Town on main line of
the C.P.R. and on Number 1 highway, midway
between the cities of Calgary and Medicine Hat.
Nurses on staff must be willing and able to take re-
sponsibility in all departments of nursing, with the
exceptions of the Operating Room. Recently renovated
nurses' residence with all single rooms situated on
ho.pital grounds. Apply to: Mrs. M. Hislop, Adminis-
trator and Director of Nursing, Baslano General Hos-
pital, BOlsano, Alberta. 1-5-1
General Duty Nur.e. (2) for active treatment hospital
15 beds; 2 Doctors, minimum monthly salary $355
commensurate with experience. Extra pay for even-
ings and nights. Fare refunded after 2 years satisfac-
tory service. Apply giving experience and references
to: Matron Administrator, Box 98, Bonnyville, Alberta.
1-10.3 B
General Duty Nurlel for an active accredited well
equipped 64-bed hospital in a growing town, popu-
lation 3,500. Centrally located between maior cities.
Full maintenance available in a new residence, $35.00
per month. Alberta Registered Nurses salary $360.00
- $420.00, commensurate with experience. Excellent
personnel policies and working conditions. Apply:
Director of Nursing, Brooks General Hospital, Brooks,
Alberta. 1-13-1 A
GENeRAL DUTY NURSES - .alary range $4,140 to
$4,980 per annum. 40 hour work week, modern liv-
ing-in facilities available at moderate rates, if de-
sired. Civil Service holiday, side. 'eave und pension
benefits. Apply to: Baker Memorial Sanatorium, De-
partment of Public Health, Calgary, Alberta. 1-14-3
GENERAL DUTY NURSES for modern 25-bed hos-
pital on Highway No. 12, East-Central Alberta.
Salary range $380 to $440. (including a regional
differential). New staff residence. Full maintenance
$35. Personnel policies as per AARN. Apply to the:
Director of Nursing, Coronation Municipal Hospital,
Coronation, Alberta. Tel.: 578-3803. 1-25.IB
GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 64-bed, active treatment
haspital, 35 miles South of Calgary. Salary range
$360 - $420. Living accommodation available in
leparate residence if desired
Full maintenance in
residence $35 per month. 30 day. paid vacation after
12 months employment. Please appl y to: The Director
of Nursing, High River Municipa Hospital, High
River, Alberta. 1-46-1
GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Modern 26-bed hospital
close to Edmonton. 3 buses daily. Salary $360.00 to
$420.00 per month commensurate with experience.
Residence available $35.00 per month. Excellent
personnel policies. Apply: Director of Nursing,
Mayerthorpe Municipal Haspital, Mayerthorpe, Al-
berta. 1-61-1
GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 94-bed General Hospital
located in Alberta's unique Dinasaur Badlands. $360
- $420 per month, 40 hour week, 3t days vacation,
pension, Blue Cross, M.S.I. and generous sick time.
Apply to: Miss M. Hawke., Director of Nursing, Drum-
heller General Hospital, Drumheller, Alberta. 1-31-2 A
General Duty Nurse for madern 50-bed active hos-
pita' in Central Alberto, Highway No.2. Basic salary
$360 - $420, 40 hour week, pension plans and group
Blue Cross. Full maintenance $35 available. Apply
to: Administrator, Ponoka General Hospital, Box 699,
Ponoka, Alberta. 1-72-3
GENERAL DUTY NURSES (6) and CERTIFIED NURS-
ING AIDES for modern 72.bed hospital. Salary $355
and $240 respectively; credit for experience; liberal
palicies. Accommodation available. Apply to: Ad-
ministrator, Providence Hospital, High Prairie, AI.
berta. 1.45-1
Operating Roam Nurse for new 30-bed hospital,
active in surgery. Four doctors on medical staff.
Salary Commensurate with training and experience.
Hospital located 20 miles west of Edmonton. Apply
to: Director of Nursing, Stony Plain Municipal Hos.
pital, Stony Plain, Alberta. t-99-1
BRITISH COLUMBIA
Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, B.C., invites B.C.
Regi.t.red Nur.e. (ar tha.e eligible) to apply for
positions in Medicine, Surgery and Psychiatry. Apply
to: Director of Nursing. Victoria, British Columbia.
2-76-4A
I I
Operating Raam Hood Nurse ($464 - $552), General
Duty Nurs.. (B.C. Regist.red $405 - $481, non-Regis-
tered $390) for fully accredited 113-bed hospital in
N.W. B.C. Excellent fishing, skiing, skating, curling
and bowling. Hot springs swimming nearby. Nurses'
residence, room $20 per month. Cafeteria meals.
Apply: Director of Nursing, Kitimat General Hospital,
Kitimat, British Columbia. 2-36- 1
B.C. R.N. far General Duty in 32 bed General Hospi-
tal. RNABC 1967 salary rate $390 - $466 and fringe
benefits, modern, comfortable, nurses' residence in
attractive community close to Vancouver, B.C. For
application form write: Director of Nursing, Fraser
Canyon Hospital, R.R. I, Hope, B.e. 2-30- 1
GENERAL DUTY NURSES (Twa) for active 66-bed
hospital, with new hospital to open in 1968.
Active In-service programme. Salary range $372 to
$444 per month. Personnel policies according to
current RNABC contract. Hospital situated in beauti-
ful East Kootenays of British Columbia, with swim.
ming, golfing and skiing facilities readily available.
Apply to: The Director of Nursing, St. Eugene Hos-
pital, Cranbraok, British Columbia. 2-15-1
General Duty Nurses for well-equipped 80-bed Gener-
al Hospital in beautiful inland Valley adiacent Lake
V.athlyn and Hudson Bay Glacier. Initial salary $387.
Maintenance $60, AO-hour 5 day week, vacation with
pay, comfortable, attractive nurses' residence,
Boating, fishing, swimming, golfing, curling, skating,
skiing. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Bulkley Valley
District Hospital, P.O. Box No. 370, Smithers, British
Columbia. 2-67-1
General Duty Nurse. (2 immediately) for active,
26-bed hospitol in the heart of the Rocky Mountains,
90 miles Irom Banff and Lake Louise. Accommoda-
tion available in attractive nurses' residence. Apply
giving full details of training, experience, etc. to:
Administrator, Windermere District Hospital, Inver-
mere, British Columbia. 2-31-1
General Duty Nurses for new 30.bed hospital
located in excellent recreational area. Salary and
personnel pol icies in accardance with RNABe. Com.
fortable Nurses' home. Apply: Director of Nursing,
Boundary Hospital, Grand Fork., British Columbia.
2-27-2
General Duty Nurse. for active 30.bed hospital.
RNABC policies and schedules in effect, also North-
ern allowance. Accommodations available in res-
idence. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital,
Fort Nelson, British Columbia. 2-23-1
General Duty O. R. and experienced Obstetrical
Nur.e. for modern, ISO-bed hospital located in the
beautiful Fraser Valley. Personnel policies in ac.
cordance with RNABe. Apply to: Director of Nursing,
Chilliwack General Hospital, Chilliwack, British Co-
lumbia. 2-13-1
General DUlY, Operating Room and Experienced
Ob.t.trical Nur.. for 434-bed hospital with school
of nursing. Salary: $372-$444. Credit for past ex-
perience and postgraduate training. AO-hr. wk. Stat.
utory hol idays. Annual increments; cumulative sick
leave; pension plan; 28-days annual vacation; B.C.
registration required. .Apply: Director. of Nurs.ir:'9,
Royal Columbian HOlpltal, New Westminster, Brltllh
Calumbia. 2-73-13
General Duty and Operating Roam Nurse. for
modern 450-bed hospital with School of Nursing.
RNABC palicies in effect. 1966 salaries from $372
per month and up. Credit for past experience and
pOSTgraduate training. British Columbia registration
required. For particulars write to: the Director of
Nursing Service, St. Joseph'. Hospital, Victoria, British
Columbia. 2-76-5
Graduate Nur.e. for 31-bed hospital on B.e. Coast.
Salary $372 for B. C. Registered Nurses plus $15
northern living allowance. Personnel policies in
accordance with RNABe. Travel from Vancouver
refunded after 6 mos. Apply: Administrator, General
Hospital, Ocean Falls, British Columbia. 2-49.1
GRADUATE NURSES for 24-bed hospital, 35-mi. from
Vancouver, on coast, salary and personnel prac.
tices in accord with RNABC. Accommodation availa-
ble. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital,
Squamish, British Columbia. 2-68-1
GRADUATE NURSES: Join us at the booming center
af B.C.II Surrounded by 50 beautiful lakes with
excellent boating, swimming, fishing plus all winter
sports. On hour's drive from Prince George, the
fastest growing city in Canada. Active 44-bed hos-
pital and modern nurses' residence over looking the
picturesque Nechako River. Starting salary $372 - $408,
recognition given for experience. Health and pension
plan, AD-hr. week and 4 weeks vacation. Write. to:
Mrs. M. Grant, Director of Nursing, St. John Hospital,
Vanderhoof, British Columbia. 2-74-1
THE CANADIAN NURSE 59
Registered Nurses for 21-bed hospitol in pleosont
community - Eastern Shore of Nova Scotia. Apply:
Superintendent, Eastern Shore Memorial Hospital,
I Sheet Horbour, Nova Scotio. 6-32.1
MANITOBA .
Director of Nurses for up-to-date 38.bed hospital. I
New nurses' residence of 1964 has separate nurses
suite available. Sick leave, pension plan and other
fringe ber.efit$ available. Personnel policies will be
sent on request. Enquiries should include experience,
qualifications and salary expected, and should be
addressed to: Mr. O. Hamm, Administrator, Altona
Hospital District No. 24, Box 660, Allono, Monit3_
i
BRITISH COLUMBIA
Graduate Nurses and Certified Nursing Alsistants
for lO-bed acute General Hospital on Pacific Coast.
Solary for Groduates in accordance with RNABC
scale with credit for experience; B.C. Registered
Procticols $260-$296. Board and room $25/m; 4-wk.
vacation affer I-yr. Superannuation and medical
plans. Apply: Director of Nursing, St. George's
Hospital, Alert Bay, British Calumbia. 2-2-1
Registered Nurses (2) for 50-bed General Hospitol in
Fort Churchill, Monitoba. Starting salary $470 per
,nonth with higher 1967 schedule effective January 1.
Train fare from Winnipeg refunded after six months
service, and return fare refunded after one year
service. Apply to: Director of Nursing. For
Churchill General Hospital, Fort Churchill, Mani-
roba. 3-75-1
Registered Nurses (:2) for 2J-bed modern hospital.
Duties to Ccmmence as soon as possible. Salary min.
$405 - $490 with fringe benefits. living-in aCCOm-
modation available. A copy of our personnel policies
will be mailed on request. Apply to: Mrs. C. James,
Motron, Gilbert PI"ins District Hospital, Gilbert
Plains, Manitoba. 3-25-2
THE GlENBORO HOSPITAL has a position avoilable
for one Registered Nurse, effective as soon as pos-
sible. Glenboro Hospital is a 16-bed hospital 10-
coted 100 miles west of Winnipeg on No. 2 High.
way. Excellent residence accommodation available.
Starting salary Jonuory 1st 1967 - $395 per month.
Personnel Policy Manual and application forms on
request with no obligation. Please forward all en-
Quiries to: Mr. S_ A. Oleson, Box 130, Glenboro,
Manitoba. Telephone No. 115 or No. 17 3-28-1
Registered Nurse' for 18-bed hospital at Vita Monitoba,
70 miles from Winnipeg. Daily bus service. Salary
ronge $380 - $440, with ollowance for experience_
40 hour wee:.:, 10 statutory holidays, 4 weeks paid
vacation after one year. Full maintenance available
for $50 per month. Apply: Matron, Vita District
Hospital, Vita, Manitoba. 3-68-1
Registered Nurses and Licensed Practical Nunes for
232-bed Children's Hospital, with school of nursing;
active teaching center. Positions available on all
services. Apply: D;rector of Nursing, Children's Hos-
pital, Winnipeg 3, Monifoba. 3-72.1
Registered Nurse for General Duty in 20-bed hospital.
Solary ronge $380 - $440 per month to be increased
Jan. I, 1967. Room and board avoiloble at $55.50
per month. Generous personnel policies. Full details
available on request. Apply: Director of Nursing,
Reston Community Hospital, Reston, Man. 3.46-2
Registered Nurses for General Duty for the newly
built Swan River Hospital. Swan River is a progres-
sive town with excellent shopping and recreational
focilities. Sclary ronge $360 - $400 with excellent per-
sonnel policies. For full details contact: Mrs. E. R.
Boudin, Director of Nursing, Swan River Hospitol,
Swan River, Manitoba. 3-62-2
General Duty Nurses for 1 DO-bed active trea!ment hos-
pital. Fully accredited. 50 miles from Winnipeg on
Trons Canoda Highway. Apply: Director of Nursing
Service, Portage District General Hospital, Portage La
Proirie, Monitobo. 3.45.1
Registered Nurses for General Duty in 18-bed hospitol.
Daily bus service to larger centres. Starting salary
$395 per month. All fringe benefits ond residence
ovailable. Apply: Director of Nursing, Crystal City
Memoriol Hospital, Crystal City, Monitoba. 3.16-1
NEW BRUNSWICK
ADMINISTRATOR for TobiQue Volley Hospital, PlaSler
Rock New Brunswick. For further information apply:
G. D: Gerrish, Secretary, Board of Management. 4-20-1
NOVA SCOTIA
SUPERINTENDENT for 16-bed hospitol, located in
60 THE CANADIAN NURSE
I I
NOVA SCOTIA
Cape Breton Highland National Park. This posi!ion
will be availoble January 1, 1967. Accommodations
available. APPLY: giving qualifications to Secretary,
Buchanan Memorial Hospital, Neil's Harbour, Nova
Scotia. 6-25-1
ONTARIO
Operoting Room Supervisor for 70-bed fully occredited
hospital. Competitive salary, good personnel policies.
For complete information apply to: Director of Nursing,
Alexandra Hospital, Ingersoll, Ontario. 7-60-1
Co
ordinator of Clinical Nursing Studies in the
Bachelor of Science in Nursing Course: The School
of Nursing, McMaster University, .i
vit!s ap:plic
ti.ons
from persons with advanced qualifications In clinical
nursing. The position is open for the 1967-1968
session with duties commencing July 1967. Pleose
apply 'sending curriculum vitae and two references
to: Director, School of Nursing, McMaster University,
Homilton, Ontorio. 7-55-15
Registered Nurses for 34-bed hospital, min. salary
$387 with regular annual increments to maximum
of $462. 3-wk. vacotion with pay; sick leave after
6-mo. se vice. All Stoff - 5 doy 40-hr. wk_, 9
statutory holidays, pension plan and oth-:r
enefits.
Apply to: Superintendent, Englehort & D,stroct Hos-
pital, Englehart, Ontario. 7.40-1
Registered Nurses. Applications and enquiries are
invited for general duty positions on the stoff of the
Monitouwadge General Hospitol. Excellenr salary
and fringe benefits. Liberal policies regardin
ac-
commodation and vacation. Modern well-eqUipped
33-bed hospita( in new mining town, about 250-mÎ.
eost of Port Arthur and north-west of White River,
Ontario Pop. 3,500. Nurses' residence c
mprises .i
di.
vidual self.contained opts. Apply, stating quallflca.
tions, experience, age, marital status, pho
e numbe
,
etc. to the Administrator, General Hospital, Mam-
touwadge, Ontario. Phone 826-3251 7.74-1 A
Registered Nurses: Applications are invited for Gener-
01 Duty Staff Nurses; Gross salary ronge: $362 to
$422. Supervisory advancement opportunities. Reside.nt
accommodations available; Hospital situated in tOUrist
town off Lake Huron. For further information write:
Superintendent, Saugeen Memorial Hospital, South-
ompton, Ontario. 7-122-1
Registered Nurses for 35.bed active treatment h
spltal,
35 m:les north east of Toronto, Ontario. Minimum
salary $355 per month, and annual increments. Per-
sonnel policies including, M.edical, O.H.S.C., weekly
Indemnity Insurance, Ontario Hospital Pensi
n Plan,
and Group life Insurance shared by th
hOSPltol, plus
other benefits. Apply to: The Superintendent, The
Cottage Hospital (Uxbridge), Uxbridge, Ontario.
7-135-1
REGISTERED NURSES for 18-bed General Hospitol in
Mining and Resort Town of 5,000 people. Beautifully
located on Wawa Lake, 140 miles north of Sault Ste.
Marie Ontario. Wide variety of Summer and Winter
sports; swimming, boating, fishing, go
fing, skat.ing,
curling and bowling. Six churches of different fOlths.
Salory range $375 - $450 per month. Starting salary
uP to $405; salary review at 3, 6, 12 mO'!ths frc:>>m
date of hire and annually thereafter. D,fferent.o!
pay for a'te:noon and night shifts. Bed and board
available at reasonable rate. Excellent personnel
policies. PI!!asant working conditions. Apply to: .The
Administrator, The Lady Dunn General Hospital,
Wawa, Ontario. 7-140-1A
Registered Nur,es and Registered Nursing Assistants,
for 100-bed General Hospital, situated in northern
Ontario. Starting salary, Registered Nu.ses $390 per
month. Registered Nursing Assistants $273 per month,
shift differential, annual increment, 40 hour week,
O. H. A. pension plan and group life insurance,
O. H. S. C. and P. 5. I. pions in effect. Accommodo-
tion available in residence if desired. For full por-
ticulars apply: The Director of Nurses, lady Minto
Hospital, Cochrc.ne, Ontario. 7-30-1 A
Regiltered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants
are invited to make applicat;on to oJr 75-bed,
modern General Hospital. You will be in the Vaca
tionland of the North, midway between the Lokeheod
and Winnipeg, Mal"itoba. Basic salar.ies ore $371
and $259 with yearly increments. WrIte or phone:
The Dire
tor of Nursing, Dryden District General
Hospital, DRYDEN, Ontario. 7-26-1 A
REGiSTERED NURSES AND REGISTERED NURSING
ASSISTANTS (IMMEDIATElY) for a new 40-bed hos.
I I
ONTARIO
pital with nurses' residence. Nurses
minimum salary
$387 plus experience allowance, 3 semi-annual incre
.-rents of $10 each. R.N.A:s - $270 plus experience
ollowance, 2 annua[ increments of $10 each. Reply to:
The Director of Nursing, Geraldton District Hospital,
Geroldton, Ontario. 7-50-1
Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants
far 160-bed occredited hospital. Storting salary $387
and $260 respectively with regular annual incre-
ments for botn. Excellent personnel policies. Resid-
ence accommodation available. Apply to: Director of
Nursing, Kirkland & District Hospital, Kirklond lake,
Ontario. 7-67-1
Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants:
Applications are invited from R. N's and R. N. Ass'ts.
who are interested in returning to "nursing at the
bedside" in 0 well-equipped General Hospitol. excel-
lent starting salaries and fringe benefits now. Further
increase January 1, 1967. Residence accommodation if
desired. For full particulars write to: Director of
Nursing, Sioux lookout General Hospital, P. O. Box
909, Sioux lookout, Ontorio. 7-119-1 A
Registered or Graduate Nurses, required for modern
92-bed hospitol. Residence accommodation $20 month-
ly. Overseas nurses ,^elcome. Lovely old Scottish
Town near Ottowa. Apply: Director of Nursing, The
Greot War Memorial Hospital, Perth, Ontario. 7-100-2
Registered Nurses for General Duty in well-equipped
28-bed hospital, locoted in growing gold mining
ond tourist area, north of Kenora, Ontario. Modern
residence with individual roomS; room, board and
cniform laundry only $45. 40-hr. wk., no split shift,
cLmulorive sick time, 8 statutory holidays and 28
day paid vacation after one year. Starting salary
5400. Apply to: Matron, Morgaret Cochenour Memo.
rial Hospital, Cochenour, Ontario. 7.29-1
Registered Nurses for General Duty and Operating
Room, in modern 1 DO-bed hospital, situated 4D miles
from Ottawa. Excellent personnel policies. Residence
occommodation available. Apply to: Director of
Nursing, Smiths Falls Public Hospital, Smiths falls,
Ontorio_ 7-120-2A
Registered Nurses for General Duty in 1000bed hos-
pital, located 30-mi. from Ottawa, are urgently re.
Quired. Good personnel policies, accommodation
available in new staff residence. Apply: Director of
Nursing, District Memorial Hospital, Winchester, On-
torio_ 7-144-1
Registered Nurses for General Duty and Operating
Room in modern hospital (opened in 1956)_ Situated
in the Nickel Capitol of the world, pop. 80,000
people. Salary $372 per mo., with annual merit
increments, ph..s anr'lual bonus pion, 4D-hr. wk. Recog-
nition for experience. Good personnel policies. Assist-
ance with transportation can be arranged. Apply:
Director of Nursing, Memorial Hospital, Sudbury,
Ontario. 7-127-4
General Duty Nurses for 66-bed General Hospitol.
5torting salary: $375/m. Excellent personnel policies.
Pension plan, life insurance, etc., residence accom-
modotion_ Only 10 min. !rom downtown _Buffolo.
Apply: Director of Nursing, Douglas Memonal Hos-
pital, Fort Erie, Ontario. 7-45-1
Generol Duty Nurses for loo-bed modern hospitol.
Southwestern Ontario, 32 mi. from London. Salary
commensurate with experience and obility; $398/m
basic salary. Pension plan. Apply giving full par
tlculors to: The Director of Nurses, D:strict Memorial
Hosp,tol, Tillsonburg, Ontorio. 7-131-1
General Duty Nurses, Certified Nursing Assistants &
Operating Room Technician (I) for new 50-bed hos-
pital with modern equipment, 40-hr. wk., 8 statutory
holidays, excellent personnel policies & opportunity
for advancement. Tourist town on Georgian Bay
Good bus connections to Toronto. Apply to: Director
of Nurses, General Hospitol, Meoford, Ontario. 7-79-1
General Staff Nurses and Registered Nursing Assit..
tants are required for a modern, well-equipped General
Hospitol currently exponding to 167 beds. Situoted in
a progressive community in South Western Ontario, 30
miles from Windsor-Detroit Border. Salary scaled to
experience and Qualifications. Excellent employ.ee
benefits and working conditions plus an opportumty
to work in a Patient Centered Nursing Service. Write
for further information to: Miss Patncia McGee, B.
Sc.N., Reg.N. Director of Nursing, Lear:nington District
Memorial Hospital, Leamington, Ontaflo. 7-69-1 A
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE (QUALIFIED) For generalized
Public Health programme. Present salary under revi-
sion. Direct enquiries to: Miss Beatrice Whalley, Super-
visor of Public Health Nursing, Waterloo Country
Heolth Unit, 109 Argle Street, South. PRESTON, ON-
TARIO 10.109-2
JANUARY 1967
EL CAMINO HOSPITAL
Registered Nurses -
All Services
Sfarting salary for
Experienced
Regisfered Nurses
$550 per month
448-bed fully-occred-
ited general hospi-
tal located 40 min-
ufes south of
downfown Son
Francisco
Ample opportunify
for professional
development as
there are two col-
leges and two uni-
versities in the
immediate vicinity
Excellent recreafional
facilifies in close
proximify to The
hospifal
.
LOCATED IN BEAUTIFUL SANTA CLARA VALLEY
YEAR 'ROUND SMOG-FREE TEMPERATE CLIMATE
-
-
.,
...
'f'"
Benefits Include:
Plonned orientation
program
Continuing in-service
educafion
Two fo four weeks
vacation
Eighf paid holidays
Accumulative sick
leave
Free group life
insurance
.
Fully paid health in-
surance including
family coverage
Fully paid refirement
program
liberal shift
differential
40-hour week
..
; w _
, "....
-..
..... .1. -"
DIRECTOR
OF NURSES
Applications are invited for this
position in a 44-bed active Gen-
eral Hospital. Position carries a
good deal of responsibility in-
cluding nursing personnel, phar-
macy, new projects planning.
New projects are two new hos-
pitals with centralized services
and exciting concepts for mod-
ern patient care. Located in Cen-
tral British Columbia, one hour
west of Prince George in an area
of noted development, this dis-
trict abounds with lakes and
forests, good summer and winter
sports. Excellent salary and staff
benefits depending on qualifi-
cations and experience.
Apply to:
Administrator
ST. JOHN HOSPITAL
Vanderhoof,
British Columbia
JANUARY 1967
''to
, .
.......
t " '
...\
Apply to:
PERSON N EL DI RECTOR
EI Camino Hospital
2500 Grant Road
Mountain View r California 94040
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR
OF NURSING
Applicafions are invifed for the position
of Assisfont Director of Nursing in on
occredited, modern, 244-bed ocufe-care
hospital. locafed in the rapidly growing,
scenic interior of Brifish Columbia, this
hospital is undergoing progressive ex-
pansion.
Nursing adminisfrative education and ex-
perience desirable. Salary commensurafe
with qualifications.
Suite availoble in stoff residence.
Apply stating qualifications and
expected salary to:
Director of Nursing
PRINCE GEORGE REGIONAL
HOSPITAL
Prince George, British Columbia
OPERATING ROOM
SUPERVISOR
With Postgraduate Course in
Operating Room technique
and management
Required for a 375-bed fully
accredited General Hospital with
projected reconstruction program.
Salary based on qualifications
and experience.
Fringe benefits include hospital
and medical coverage, generous
sick leave, three weeks' vacation
and contributory pension plan.
For further information write:
Director of Nursing Service
METROPOLITAN
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Windsor, Ontario
THE CANADIAN NURSE 61
r
ONTARIO
OPERATING ROOM NURSES (2) for 0 fully oc.
credited 70-bed Generol Hospital. For Operating
Room Duty. Salary according to experience. Apply to:
O.R. Supervisor. Penefanguishene General Hospital,
Penetanguishene, Ontario. 7-99-2
Public Health Nurses for generalized program. Every
modern fringe beneiit. Full credit for experience.
Present solary ronge $5,030 - $6,148. Further, we
are prepared to give consideration to any salary
request. Apply to, E. G. Brown, M.D., D.P.H. Director
ond M.O.H., Kent County Health Unit, 21 - 7th. St.,
Chothom, Ontorio. 7-24-4
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES (2 QUALIFIED) - Staff
positions available in the City of Oshawa. Duties to
commence January 3rd. 1967. General ized program
in an official agency. Solary $5,658 to $6,507.
Beginning salary according to experience. Liberal
personnel policies and fringe benefits. Apply to: Mr.
D. Murray, Personnel Officer, City Hall, 50 Centre
Street, Oshawa, Ontario. 7-92-2
Public Health Nunes for generalized programme in
o County-City Health Unit. Salary schedule as of
January I, 1967, $5,100 to $6,100. 20 days vacation.
Employer shared pension pion, P.S.1. and hospital-
ization. Mileage allowance or unit cars. Apply to:
Miss Veronica O'Leary, Supervisor of Public Health
Nursing, Peterborough County-City Health Unit, P.O.
Box 246, Peterborough, Ontario. 7-101-4A
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES for generalized public health
program. Good personnel policies including 4 weeks'
vacotion, sick time allowance, unit car or car allow-
ance, shared pension plan, hospitalization, and
group insurance available. Apply to: Mrs. Muriel
McAvoy, Secretary-Treasurer, Porcupine Health Unit,
70 Balsam Street South, Timmins, Ontario. 7-132-2
QUEBEC
RESIDENT CHilDREN CAMPS IN THE lAURENTIANS,
REQUIRE: Graduate Nur.e. for the summer. Apply:
JEWISH COMMUNITY CAMPS, 6655 Cote des Neiges
Rood, Suite 260, Montreal 26, Quebec. Phone
735-3669. 9-47-63A
SASKATCHEWAN
DIRECTOR OF NURSING for modern 24-bed active
treatment hospital. Graduates in nursing administration
or with experience will be given preference. Accommo-
dation available in nurses' residence. Salary schedule
will be based on the SRNA recommondations. Apply:
Mr. R. Holinaty, Administrator, Wakaw Union Hospital,
Wokaw, Soskatchewon. 10-131-1 A
MATRON for 10.bed hospital at Willow Bunch in
South Centro I Soskatchewan. Population 600; bus
service, modern utilities, recreational facilities, friend-
ly folks. $450 per month; 40 hour week. Room in
nurses' residence and board in hospital supplied at
low cost. Call or write: R. Granger, Sec.- Treas.,
Willow Bunch Union Hospital, WilLOW BUNCH,
Soskatchewan. - PHONE: 473-2450 (Area Code 306).
10.138-1
Regist.red Nu.... wanted for 12-bed hospital. Solaries
and benefits as per SRNA schedule. Residence accom-
modation on hospital grounds. Daily bus service to
cities. Apply fa: The Matron, Mr.. M. Gile., Caronach
Union Hospital, Coronach, Saskatchewan. 10-18-1
REGISTERED NURSE for 9-bed haspital. Duties to
commence as soon as possible. Salary accarding to
SRNA schedule with allowance for experience. Room
and board for $34.50 per month. Apply to: Secre-
tary, Hodgeville Union Hospital, Hodgeville, Sos-
kotchewan. 10.45.1
REGISTERED NURSES far 24-bed active treotmenT hos-
pital. Established personnel policies and pension plan.
Solary range as per SRNA recommendatians. Adjust-
ments to starting salary made for previous experience.
Residence accommodation available at $43.50 per
month. Apply: Mrs. Z. Johnson, Acting Director of
Nursing, Wakaw Union Hospital, Wakaw, Saskatche-
wan. 10-131-1
Registered Nurse and Certified Nursing Alliltont for
45-bed General Hospital in progressive north central
Soskatchewan community. Daily bus service to two
maior cities. SRNA policies and salaries in effect
plus added fringe benefits, ie. group life insurance.
pension plan, accumulative sick leave to 120 days.
Board and lingle rooms available in residence at
$43.50 per month. Apply ta: Mrs. C. Fisher, R.N.,
Acting Director af Nursing, Wadena Union Hospital,
Wadena, Sask. 10-130-1
62 THE CANADIAN NURSE
I I
SASKATCHEWAN
Regi.t.r.d Nur... far G.neral Duty (2) in fully
modern 27-bed ho.pital. Initial salory $364 per month.
Personnel policies according to Sask. Reg. Nurses' As-
sociation recammendations. New modern residence,
excellent working conditions. Duties to commence
when convenient. Apply to: Superintendent of Nursing
Services. Kipling Memorial Union Hospital, Kipling,
Soskatchewon. 10-59-1
General Duty and Operating Room Nurses, also
Certified Nursing Assistants for 560-bed University
Hospital. Salary commensurate w.th experience and
preparations. Excellent personnel pol icies. Excellent
opportunities to engage in progressive nursing. Ap-
ply: Director of Personnel, University Hospital, Sas-
kotoon, Saskotchewan. 1O.1t6-4A
UNITED STATES
Regist.r.d Nurs.. wanred for 78-bed General Hos-
pital. Staning salaries at $525 per month with
regular increments and shift differential. Good per.
sonnel policies. Social activities include skiing and
boating. Must be eligible for Alaska registration.
Apply to: The Director of Nursing Service, St. Ann's
Hospital, 419 - 6th Street, Juneau, Alaska 99801.
15-2-3
REGISTERED NURSES - Southern Californio - Op.
portunities available - 368-bed modern hospital in
Medical-Surgical, Labor and Delivery, Nursey, Oper-
ating Room and Intensive and Coronary Care Units.
Good salary and liberal fringe benefits. Continuing
inservice education program. Located 10 miles from
Los Angeles near skiing, swimming, cultural and edu-
catianal facilities. Temporary living accommodations.
Apply: Director of Nursing Service, Saint Joseph
Hospital, Burbank, California 91503. 15.5-63
REGISTERED NURSES needed for rapidly expanding
general hospital on the beautiful Peninsula near
San Francisco. Outstanding policies and benefits,
including temporary accommodatians at law cost,
health coverage, fully refundable retirement plan,
liberal shift differentials, no rotation, exceptional
in-service and orientation programs, unl imited sick
leave accrual, unlimited vacation accrual, sick leave
conversion to vacation, tuition reimbursement. Ex
cellent salaries based on experience. Cantact Person-
nel Administrator, Peninsula Hospital, 1783 EI
Camina Real, Burlingame, California - 697-4061.
15-5-20 B
Registered Nurses, Career satisfaction, interest and
professional growth unlimited in modern, JCAH ac-
credited 243-bed hospital. Locoted in one of Califor-
nia's finest areas, recreational, educational and cul-
tural advantages are yours as well as wonderful
year-round climate. If this combination is what
you're looking for, contact us nowlStaff nurse en-
trance salary abave $500 per month; increases to
$663 per month; supervisory positions at highest
rotes. Special area and shift differentials to $50 per
month poid. Excellent benefits include free heolth
and life Insurance retirement, credit union and liberal
personnel policies. Profenional staff appointments
available in all clinical areas to those eligible for
California licensure. Write today: Director of Nursing.
Eden Hospital. 20103 lake Chabot Road, Costro Val-
ley, Californio. 15-5-12
REGISTERED NURSES Opportunities available at
415-bed hospital in Medical-Surgical, labor and
Delivery, Intensive Care, Operating Room and Psy-
chiatry. No rotation of shift, good salary, evening
and night differentials, liberal fringe benefits.
Temporary living accommodations available. Apply:
Miss Dolores Merrell, R.N., Personnel Director, Queen
of Angels Hospital, 2301 Bellevue Aevnue, los
Angeles 26, Cal ifornia. 15-5-3G
REGtSTERED NURSES - Come to smog-free Orange
in California. Near beaches and mountains; 35 miles
from los Angeles. New, modern 290-bed St. Joseph
Hospital and adjoining 50-bed Childrens Hospitol of
Orange County. Need staff nurses all .hifts in
surgical, medical, pediatrics, intensive care unit,
cardiac care unit, neuropsychiatric unit, operating
room, emergency room, and recovery room. Excellent
salary and benefits. Write to: Persannel Director,
St. Joseph Hospital, Orange, California, for personnel
policy handbook and details regarding salaries, etc.
15.5-56
REGISTERED NURSES - SAN FRANCISCO Children's
Hospital ond Adult Medical Center hospifal for men.
women and children. California registration required.
Opportunities in all clinical areaS. Excellent salaries.
differentials for evenings and nights. Holidays, vaca-
tions, sick leave, life insurance, health insurance and
employer
paid pension-plan. Applications and details
furnished on reQuest. Contact Personnel Director, Chil.
dren's Hospital, 3700 California Street, San Francisco
18, Californio. 15.5-4
REGISTERED NURSES - Generol Duty for 84-bed
JCAH hospital 1 J12 hours from Son Francisco, 2
hours from lake Tohoe. Starting salary $510/m.
I I
UNITED STATES
with differentials. Apply: Director of Nur.es, Mem-
orial Hospital, Woodland, California. 15-5-49B
R.gi.tered Nur.e. for 303-bed modern hospital. Po-
sitions available - All services, na shift rotatian.
liberal benefits, advancement apportunities, educa.
tional opportunities in area, equal opportunity
employer. Apply: Director of Nursing Service, Kaiser
Foundation Hospitals, San Francisco 15, California.
Phone (JO 7-4400) 15-5.57
REGISTERED NURSES: Mount Zion Hospital and Me.
dical Center's increased salary scales now double our
attraction for nurses wha find they can afford to live
by the Golden Gate. Expansion has created vacancies
for staff and specialty assignments. Address enquiry
to: Personnel Department, 1600 Divisadera Street, San
Francisco, California 94115, An equal opportunity em-
ployer. 15-5-4 C
Registered Nurses - California. Expanding, accredit-
ed 303-bed hospital in medical center af Southern
California. University city. Mountain - ocean resort
area. Ideal year-round climate, smog free. Starting
salary $6,300. With experience, $6,600. Fringe bene-
fits, shift differential, initial housing allowance.
Wide variety rentals available. For details on Cali-
fornia license and Visa, write: Director of Nursing,
COllage Hospitol, 320 W. Pueblo Street, Santo Bar-
bara, Californio 93105. 15.5-39 A
REGISTERED NURSES GENERAL DUTY - SURGERY.
Will assist with immigration. Come to California and
live in beautiful Sacramento which is within a
short drive of the Sierra summer and winter recrea.
tional areas. Two large modern hospitals offer an
excellent variety af nursing experiences. P.M. Staff
$555, P.M. Surgery $595. Write: Personnel Depart-
ment, Sutter Hospitals, 2820 "L" Street, Sacramento,
California. 15-5.43B
NURSE TEAM LEADER POSITIONS in new 372-bed,
fully accredited, General Hospital in resort areo. $461
per month days and $485 per month evening and
nighT shift. liberal fringe benefits. For descriptive bro-
chure and policies write: l. Sims, North Miami Gene.
ral Hospital, 1701 NE 127th Street, North Miami,
Florido. 15-10-2 A
REGISTERED NURSES: ExcellenT opportunity for ad-
vancement in atmosphere of medical excellence. Pro-
gressive patient care including Intensive Care and
Cardiac Care Units. Finely equipped growing 200.
bed suburban community hospital iust on Chicago's
beautiful North Shore. Completely air conditioned
furnished apartments, paid vacation, after six months,
staff development progrom, and liberal fringe bene-
fits. Starting salary from $466. Differential of $30
for nights or evenings. Contact: Donold L Thamp-
son, R. N., Director of Nursing, Highland Park Hos-
pital, Highland Park, Illinois 60035. 15.14-3 A
Registered Nurses and Certified Nursing Assistants.
Opening in several areas, all shifts. Every other week-
end aff, in small community hospital 2 miles from
Boston. Rooms available. Hospital paid life insurance
and other I iberol fringe benefits. RN salary $ lOOper
week, plus differentiol of $20 for 3-11 p.m. and
11-7 a.m. shifts. C.N. Ass'ts. $76 weekly plus $10 for
3-11 p.m. and 11-7 o.m. shifts. Write: Mi.s Byrne,
Director of Nurses, Chelsea Memmorial Hospital,
Chelsea, Massachusetts 02150. 15.22-1 C
NURSES, Register.d, for modern 36O-bed hospital.
Openings available in all areas, medicine-surgery,
delivery room, nursery, and postpartum. Near Wayne
State University, and on integral part of the new
Medical Center. Salary $550 ta $635 per manth
plus differential for afternoon and night. Premium
pay for weekends. Good fringe benefit. including
Blue Cross ond Life Insurance. Apply: Personnel
Director, Hutzel Hospital formerly Womon's Hospital),
432 East Hancock, Detroit, Michigan 48201. 15-23-1 F
STAFF NURSES: Needed to staff present fully occredit-
ed hospitol and new facility to open December 1967.
All services ond shifts available. Good salaries and
fringe benefits. Will pay transportation to and from.
Minimum one year contract. For particulars concerning
hospital ond community write: L E. Thompson, Ad-
ministrator, or V. Jenkins, Director of Nursing, Scioto
Memoriol Hospifal, Portsmouth, Ohia. 15-36-4
ALBERTA
General Duty Nurses and Cer1ified Nursing Aide. for
modern combined active treatment and Auxiliary
Hospital. Solary start. ot $355 ond $240 respectively.
Liberal personnel policie!., accommodation available.
located in Southern Alberto close to U. S. boundory
and Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park. The
61-bed combined hospital serves the town and area of
approximately 6,000 population with aU services,.
Apply to: The Director of Nursing, Cardston Municipol
Hospital, Box 310, Cardston, Alberta. 1-17-1
JANUARY 1967
THE HOSPITAL
FOR
SICK CHILDREN
"
1\0-
,
,
,J
1
I
I'
YOU
Receive the advantages of:
1. Five-week orientation
gram for new staff.
pro-
2. Ongoing in-service education
for nurses.
3. Extensive student education
program.
4. Research Institute.
APPLICATION FOR GENERAL
DUTY POSITIONS INVITED
For information contact:
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING
555 University Avenue
Toronto, Canada
IANUARY 1967
UNITED STATES
I I
UNITED STATES
REGISTERED NURSES FOR STAFF AND CHARGE. Posi-
tjons in an expanding, full V accredited General
Hospital. Intensive Care, Medical, Surgical, Obste-
trical areas, and In-service Education program. Lo-
cation: Central to beaches, mountains, Stote Uni-
versity. Good salary, regular increments. Opportunity
for advancement. Apply: Director, Nursing Service,
Beverly Hospitol, 309 W. Beverly Blvd_, Montebello,
California. 15-5-59A
REGISTERED NURSES - Positions ovailoble for Charge
Nurses in beautifully equipped new convalescent hos-
pital, specializing in post surgical core. Work every
other weekend. COr]tact the Personnel Director, Berkley
Convalescent Hospital, 1623 Arizona Avenue, Santa
Monico, California 90404. t5-5-40 B
REGISTERED NURSES: for 75-bed air conditioned
hospital, growing community. Storting salory $330-
$365/m, fringe benefits, vacation, sick leave, holi-
days, life insurance, hospitalization. 1 meal furnish-
ed. Write: Administrator, Hendry General Hospital,
Clewiston, Florida. 15-10-1
Staff Duty positions (Nurses) in private 403-bed
hospital. liberal personnel policies and salary. Sub-
stantial differential for evening and night duty.
Write: Personnel Director, Hospital of The Good
Samaritan, 1212 Shatto Street, los Angeles 17.
California. 15-5-311
General Duty Nurses - Present hospital 55-beds
with new 75-bed hospital to ooen April, I, 1965.
located on lake Okeechobee near west Palm Beach.
liberal personnel policies, 40-hr. wk., bonus at end
of first year. Minimum starting salary $380, with
differential for evenings and nights. Apply: Director
of Nursing Service, Glades General Hospital, P.O.
Box 928. Belle Glade, Florida. 15.10-3
Nurses for new 75.bed General Hospital. Resort
area. Ideal climate. On beautiful Pacific ocean.
Apply to: Director of Nurses, South Coast Com-
munity Hospital, South laguna, California. 15-5-50
.
REGISTERED
. .
NURSES
.
.
.
THE
350-BED
SARNIA GENERAL
H
s
A
L
p
T
C)
ASKS
-
What Are You Seeking?
WE OFFER
the opportunity
1. to work directly with patients
2. to participate in group decisions
3. l.O.A. with financial assistance to further your
in nursing
education
If you are interested . contact the Personnel Director, Sarnia General
Hospital r Sarnia, Ontario
THE CANADIAN NURSE 63
OSHA W A
GENERAL HOSPITAL
GENERAL DUTY NURSES FOR
ALL DEPARTMENTS
Starting salary for Ontario Regis-
tered nurses $400 with 5 annual
increments to $480 per month.
Credit for acceptable previous
service - one increase for two
years, two increases for four or
more years.
Non-registered - $360.00
Rotating periods of duty - 3
weeks vacation - 8 statutory
holidays.
One day's sick credit per month
beginning in the 7th month of
service cumulative to 45 days.
Pension Plan and Group Life
Insurance - Hospital pays 50%
of Medical, Blue Cross and Hos-
pital Insurance premiums.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
OSHAWA GENERAL HOSPITAL
Oshawa, Ontario
ST. JOSEPH'S
HOSPIT AL
HAMIL TON.
ONTARIO
A modern, progressive hospital,
located in the centre of Ontario's
Golden Horseshoe-
invites applications for
GENERAL STAFF
NURSES
and
REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS
Immediate openings are avail-
able in Operating Room, Psy-
chiatry, Intensive Care - Coro-
nary Monitor Unit, Obstetrics,
Medical, Surgical and Paediatrics.
For further information write to:
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
Hamilton, Ontario
(,4 THE CANADIAN NURSE
REGISTERED NURSES
for General Duty
North Shore of Lake Athabaska
Modern 30-bed General Hospital,
located in young active mining
community.
Salary: $414 - $529.
Attractive nurses' residence a-
vailable. Room and board at $45
monthly. Superior employee ben-
efits. - Air transportation paid
from Edmonton or Prince Albert.
Please send enquiries to the .
Director of Nursing
MUNICIPAL HOSPITAL
Uranium City,
Saskatchewan.
DIRECTOR
OF NURSING
Applications are invited for the
position of Director of Nursing.
This is a unique hospital offering
rehabilitation and chronic care to
48 handicapped children who
present many challenges. Ex-
pansion plans are being studied
to provide rehabilitation for 18
to 21 year old adolescents. Pre-
ference will be given to a director
with preparation and experience
in nursing administration and
particular interest in rehabilita-
tion.
Please address 01/ enquiries to:
The Administrator
BLOORVIEW CHILDRENS HOSPITAL
278 Bloor Street East
Toronto 5, Ontario
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR
OF NURSING
Applications are invited for the
above position in a fully ac-
credited 163-bed General Hos-
pital in beautiful Northern On-
tario.
Desirable qualifications should
include B.S.N. Degree with ex-
perience in supervision.
For further information,
Write to:
Director of Nursing
KIRKLAND and DISTRICT HOSPITAL
Kirkland Lake, Ontario.
ONTARIO SOCIETY
FOR
CRIPPLED CHILDREN
requires
· Camp Directors
· General Staff Nurses
· Registered Nursing Assistants
for
FIVE SUMMER CAMPS
located near
OTTAWA COLLINGWOOD
LONDON - PORT COLBORNE
KIRKLAND LAKE
Applicafions are invifed from nurses in-
teresfed in fhe rehabilitafion of physically
handicapped children. Preference given to
CAMP DIRECTOR applicanfs having super-
visory experience and to NURSING ap-
plicants with paediafric experience.
Apply in writing to:
Miss HELEN WALLACE, Reg. N.,
Supervisor of Camps,
350 Rumsey Road,
Toronto 17, Ontario
JANUARY 196;
CANADA'S INDIANS
NEED YOUR
AND ESKIMOS
HELP
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES
REGISTERED HOSPITAL NURSES
CERTIFIED NURSING ASSISTANTS
HAVE YOU CONSIDERED
A CAREER
WITH
MEDICAL SERVICES
DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE
lor 'urther inlormation. write to:
MEDICAL SERVICES DIRECTORATE
DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE
OTTAWA. CANADA
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
-
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Applications are invited
for the
tIP'
-
..
POSITION OF DIRECTOR OF NURSING
..
The Director of Nursing will be responsible for
the administration of all nursing services within
the hospital. The hospital currently operates
375 beds and is undergoing extensive moderni-
zation and expansion costing $3,750,000. There
is a furnished apartment available at a mini-
mum rental. A 140 student School of Nursing
housed in a modern residence and operated
by the hospital is the responsibility of a Director
of Nursing Education.
Address enquiries to:
THE SCARBOROUGH
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Invites applications from General Duty Nurses.
Excellent personnel policies. An active and stimulat-
ing In-Service Education and Orientation Programme.
A modern Management Training Programme to as-
sist the career-minded nurse to assume managerial
positions. Salary is commensurate with experience
and ability. We encourage you to take advantage
of the opportunities offered in this new and expand-
ing hospital.
Fort William. Ontario
McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL
For further information write to:
Director of Nursing
SCARBOROUGH GENERAL HOSPITAL
Scarborough, Ontario
DOUGLAS M. McNABB. Administrator
JANUARY 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 65
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YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL
NEWMARKET, ONTARIO
HOSPITAL:
A newly expanded 257 bed hospital wifh such progressive
pofient core concepts os 0 12-bed J.e.u., 22-bed psychiofric
ond 24-bed self core un if.
IDEAL LOCATION:
45 minutes from downtown Toronfo, 15-30 minutes from
excellent summer and winfer resort areas.
SALARIES:
Registered Nurses: $372-$447 per month.
Registered Nursing Assistonfs: $277-$310 per monfh.
BENEFITS INCLUDE:
Furnished oporfmenfs, medico I ond hospifOI insuronce, group
life insuronce, pension plan, 40 hour week.
Please address 01/ enquiries to:
Director of Nursing
YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL
596 Davis Drive
Newmarket, Ontario
TEACHERS OF NURSING
By August, 1967 the Royal Victoria Regional School
of Nursing requires three teachers in medical-surgical
nursing, two in Operating Room techniques and one
in psychiatric nursing.
Teachers qualified with a baccalaureate degree or a
diploma in nursing education will assist in classroom
teaching and accompany the students to one of the
six regional hospitals for clinical experience.
This is a new programme in an independent school.
The faculty are eager to develop the best possible
curriculum. A new building for classrooms will be
erected in 1967.
Barrie is fifty miles north of Toronto and noted for its
summer and winter spon facilities.
Solaries are at the Toronto level with increments paid
to experienced teachers. Personnel policies and job
descriptions will be sent on request.
Please write to:
The Director,
ROYAL VICTORIA REGIONAL SCHOOL OF NURSING
61 Wellington Street West, Barrie, Ontario.
66 THE CANADIAN NURSE
MAIMONIDES HOSPITAL
AND HOME FOR THE AGED
AN OPPORTUNITy....
A CHALLENGE....
A NEW EXPERIENCE....
SUPERVISORS, STAFF NURSES, NURSING
ASSISTANTS, INSTRUCTORS, PSYCHIATRIC
NURSE:
We invite you to join the nursing staH of New Mai.
monides.
LIBERAL VACATION " HEALTH AND
PENSION PLANS . . SALARIES COM.
MENSURA TE WITH RECOGNIZED SCALES
Apply to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
5795 Caldwell Avenue
Montreal 29, Quebec
THE ST. CA THARINES
GENERAL HOSPITAL
A modern SOO-bed hospital located in the heart
of the beautiful Niagara Peninsula, within
easy travel distance from Buffalo, Hamilton
and Toronto, invites applications from: Gener-
al Staff Nurses.
Pleasant working conditions. Excellent per-
sonnel policies.
Apply:
The Director of Nursing Service
THE ST. CATHARINES
GENERAL HOSPITAL
St. Catharines, Ontario
JANUARY 1967
What does
Methodist Hospital
have to offer me?
At the Methodist Hospital, where research is a part
of progress, a nursing career takes on new horizons -
rich in meaning and professional satisfaction.
If you're looking for the chance to be the nurse
you've always dreamed of - coming to the world
famous Methodist Hospital can be an adventure -
almost like stepping into the future - splendid
facilities, so much advance equipment and
everywhere the newest medical and patient care
techniques are in use.
Some of the best aspects of nursing at METHODIST
are as old as medicine itself - there is a spirit of
kindness and consideration, and emphasis on patient
care, that make this a hospital where nursing is
satisfying and rewarding, day by day.
Methodist Hospital is right in the center of the world's
great Medical, Research and Educational complexes.
HOUSTON is an exciting city - rodeo and opera,
pro-football and the famous Alley Theatre, water sports
and beaches an hour or less away, the Houston
Symphony and the Astrodome!
A Few Quick Facts: We're affiliated with Baylor
University College of Medicine and associated with
Texas Woman's University College of Nursing.
New $9>'2 million Cardiovascular and Orthopedic
Research Center will open soon. Our Inservice
EducatIon Department gives you thorough
orientation, and continued instruction in new
concepts and techniques. You'lIlind every
encouragement to broaden your Skills,
including tuition assistance in obtaining
further education in nursing.
..
Send for Your Colorful Informative Illustrated
Brochure. . . to learn about Methodist Hospital,
Houston, positions available, salary and employment
benefits, tuition allowance, complimentary room
accommodation and our Nurse Specialist Programs.
Write, call or send coupon, Director of Personnel,
The Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center,
Houston, Texas 77025
....j
r-------------------------------------ì
I Director of Personnel, THE METHODIST HOSPITAL, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77025 I
I Please send me your brochure about nursing opportunities at "(HE METHODIST HOSPITAL-Texas Medical Center I
I I
I Name I \.
I Address I
I I
I City State Zip Code I
L_____________________________________
DIRECTOR OF SCHOOL
OF NURSING
REQUIRED FOR
DISTRICT SCHOOL OF NURSING
The
Canadian
Nurse
1965 INDEX
Minimum Requirement - B. Sc. N., with five years
experience, two of these in Nursing Education.
Apply to:
Mr. Harold Swanson, Chairman,
BOARD OF NURSING EDUCATION
220 Clarke Street
WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO
An index of materials appearing
in Volume 61 of
THE CANADIAN NURSE
is now available.
Write for your copy to
Miss PIERRETTE HOTTE
at National Office,
50 The Driveway,
Ottawa 4
THE CANADIAN NURSE 67
JANUARY 1967
ADDITIONAL CLINICAL TEACHERS
required
to assist in Developing New Curriculum and a
Regional School.
School of Nursing Building is New
and well equiped.
Salaries and Fringe Benefits at Metropolitan level.
Qualifications - B.Sc.N.
or
Diploma in Nursing Education.
GENERAL STAFF NURSES
Required for all Services
Salaries and Fringe Benefits at Metropolitan level.
Apply to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
BRANTFORD GENERAL HOSPITAL
Brantford, Ontario
MANITOBA ASSOCIATION
OF REGISTERED NURSES
Invites applications lor the positions 01
REGISTRAR
Applicants are required to hold a baccalaureate degree in nursing
wifh experience in odministrafion, and in inferpersonal relafions.
Duties include providing for registrafion and membership in the
M.A.R.N. and fhe mainfenance of the official register of member
of the Association.
Salary to be Negofiafed.
and
PERSONNEL OFFICER
The applicant musf have the following qualifications:
Baccalaureafe Degree desirable. Masfer's Degree preferred.
Experience in administration and in working with individuals and
organizations desired.
Duties include promotion of the economic and social welfare of
nurses.
Salary to be Negotiated.
All Inquiries shoutd be Addressed to:
Mrs. Helen P. Glass, President,
MANITOBA ASSOCIATION Of REGISTERED NURSES,
247 Balmoral Street,
Winnipeg 1, Manitoba,
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STAFF NURSE POSITIONS
Salary Range $482-$620
with maximum starfing $539 on day shift.
$592 evening and/or night shifts. Credit
given for education and/or experience.
Opportunity to gain knowledge and skill
in a specialized cancer research hospital.
Registration in Texos required. Excellenf
personnel benefits include: 3 weeks vaca-
tion, holidoys, cumulative sick leave,
laundry of uniforms furnished, refirement
ond Social Securify programs, Hospitaliza-
tion, life and Disabilify Income Insurance
available. Equal opportunity employer.
UNIVERSITY
OF ALBERTA
HOSPIT AL
Positions are available in our
rapidly expanding Medical Cen-
tre situated on a growing Uni-
versity campus. All service in-
cluding renal dialysis, coronary
intensive care and cardiac surg-
ery offer opportunities for ad-
vancement.
For applicafion and additional information
Write to:
Personnel Manager
THE UNIVERSITY Of TEXAS
M.D. ANDERSON HOSPITAL AND
TUMOR INSTITUTE
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
UNIVERSITY Of ALBERTA
HOSPITAL
Edmonton, Alberta
Texas Medical Center
Houston, Texas 77025
68 THE CANADIAN NURSE
RIVERSIDE
HOSPIT AL
OF OTTAWA
A new, air-conditioned 340-bed
hospital. Applications are called
for Nurses for the positions of:
HEAD NURSE - Operating Room
ASSISTANT HEAD NURSES
GENERAL STAFF NURSES
and
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS
Address all enquiries to:
Director of Nursing
RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL OF OTTAWA
1967 Riverside Drive,
Ottawa, Ontario
JANUARY 1967
PALO ALTO-STANFORD
HOSPITAL CENTER
located on the beautiful campus of Stanford University in Palo Alto, California.
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"We invite you to join our professional staff and to gam unparalled experiences in
nursing."
For additional information-
NAME:
ADDRESS:
CITY:
SERVICE DESIRED:
Return to: PALO ALTO-STANFORD HOSPITAL CENTER
Personnel Department
300 Pasteur Drive
Palo Alto, California
STATE:
REGISTE RED NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING
ASSIST ANTS
REQUIRED FOR
ST. MARY'S HOSPITAL
TIMMINS, ONTARIO
MODERN - 200 BED HOSPITAL
EXCELLENT PERSONNEl POLICIES
PLEASANT TOWN OF 30,000
WIDE VARIETY OF SUMMER
AND WINTER SPORTS -
SWIMMING, BOATING,
FISHING, GOLFING, SKATING,
CURLING, TOBOGGANING,
SKIING AND ICE FISHING.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing Service
ST. MARY'S HOSPITAL
Timmins, Ontario
IANUARY 1967
VICTORIA HOSPIT At
LONDON, ONTARIO
Modern 1,000-bed hospital
Requires
Registered Nurses for
all services
and
Registered
Nursing Assistants
40 hour week - Pension plan
- Good salaries and Personnel
Policies.
Apply:
Director of Nursing
VICTORIA HOSPIT At
London, Onto
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
TORONTO, ONTARIO
REGISTERED NURSES
and
REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS
700-bed fully accredifed hospital provides
experience in Operating Room, Recovery
Room, Intensive Care Unit, Pediatrics
Orthopedics, Obstetrics, General Surgery
and Medicine.
Orientation and Acfive Inservice program
for all staff.
Salary is commensurafe wifh preparafion
and experience.
Benefits include Canada Pension Plan,
Hospital Pension Plan, Group Life I nsu-
ranee. Sick leave - 12 days after one
year, Ontario Hospifal Insuranæ - 50%
payment by hospital.
Rofafing Periods of duty - 40 hour week,
8 sfatutory holidays - annual vacation
3 weeks offer one year.
Apply:
Assistant Director of
Nursing Service
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
30 The Queensway
Toronto 3, Ontario
THE CANADIAN NURSE 69
THE HOSPITAL
FOR
SICK CHILDREN
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OFFERS:
1. Satisfying experience
2. Stimulating and friendly en-
vironment.
3. Orientation and In-Service
Education Program.
4. Sound Personnel Policies
5. liberal vacation.
APPLICA TrONS FOR REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS INVITED.
For detailed information
please write to:
The Assistant Director
of Nursing
AUXILIARY STAFF
555 University Avenue
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
70 THE CANADIAN NURSE
HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
HOSPIT AL -
Newly expanded 350-bed hospital. Progressive patient care con-
cept.
SALARY -
General Staff Nurses (Currently Registered in Ontario) $400.00 -
$480. - 5-increments.
Registered Nursing Assistants (Currently Registered in Ontario)
$295.00 - $331.00, - 3 increments.
HOUSING -
Furnished apartments available at subsidized rates.
JOB SATISFACTION -
High quality patient care and friendly working environment. We
appreciate our personnel and encourage their professional develop-
ment.
You are invited to enquire concerning employment opportunities to:
Director of Nursing
HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
200 Church Street, Weston, Ontario
Telephone 249-8111 (Toronto)
CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL
requires immediately
REGISTERED GENERAL DUTY NURSES
This is a modern 1,OOO-bed hospital including a new
200-bed convalescent-rehabilitation section. Benefits
include Pension Plan, sick leave, and shift differen-
tial plus a liberal vacation policy and salary range
$360 - $420 per month commensurate with training
and experience.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing Service
CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL
Calgary, Alberta
JANUARY 1967
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recreation
SpecIalize at either the 424 bed Grace Central
HospItal in the new $250 million Detroit Medical
Center or at the 448 bed Grace Northwest Hospital.
(Grace is second largest in terms of admissions in
MIchigan.)
Further your education at nearby Wayne State
University or one ot the many smaller colleges
nearby.
Enjoy your leisure time in the heart of the
cultural and entertainment center of dynamic
DetroIt or enJoy the all-year around sports and
recreatIon of Michigan.
Staft nurses at Grace earn from $500 to $600
per month for days and $514 to $629 for evening
and night duty plus very generous fnnge benefits.
Other pOSItions pay even more. For full informa-
tion contact" Director of Nursing.
GRACE CENTRAL HOSPITAL
4160 John R. Street.
DetroIt. MichIgan 48201
or
GRACE NORTHWEST HOSPITAL
18700 Meyers Road.
DetroIt. MichIgan 48235
IANUARY 1967
ASSISTANT
ADMINISTRATOR
(NURSING)
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To assume full responsibility
for the nursing service functions
of a 1,000 bed teaching hospital,
located in a modern medical
centre, and to coordinate nursing
educafion activities with the ser-
vice functions.
Post Graduate qualifications in
nursing, hospital management,
or business administration; and
administrative experience rela-
ted to the responsibilities of this
position, are required.
The salary level will recognize
the responsibilities of the position
and the qualifications of the ap-
plicant.
Director of Nursing
Service
Required to assist in the ad-
ministration of the Department
of Nursing in directing and
supervising patienf care.
Post Graduate Nursing quali-
fications and experience in
nursing administration or super-
vision, are desired.
Attractive salary and benefits.
Please direct applications to:
Dr. L. O. BRADLEY,
Executive Director,
WINNIPEG GENERAL
HOSPITAL
700 William Avenue,
Winnipeg, Manitoba
Phone Area #204--774-6511
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If you're ready for a change, but
reluctant to make the move, we
have an added incentive-a free
airline ticket. Of course, it isn't
really free-you'll have to take a
position in a modern, progressive,
expanding hospital and you'll
have to live in a mild, sunny met-
ropolitan area, rich in educational
and cultural opportunities. But
that isn't too much to ask, is it?
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PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL CENTER
ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO 811 06
UStarting salary to $555 a month
u500-bed hospital
o Personal orientation program
uLiberal fringe benefits
UContinuing educational programs
=*Career advancement opportunities
uTwo universities
UTwenty minutes from nearby
mountain ski area
EQUAL OPPORTUNITV EMPLOVER
Mail coupon or call collect (505-243-9411, Elt. 219)
Mrs. Susan Dicke. Director of Nurse Recruitment
Presbyterian Hospital Center. Oepartment B
Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106
Please mall me more information about nursing
at Presbyterian Hospital Center and tell me how
I may fly there at your expense.
Name
Address
City
State
School of Nursing
Ve.r of Graduation _Month
.-.-.-....-- ...-....... - ..-...-.-
THE CANADIAN NURSE 71
SCHOOL OF NURSING
WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL
Requires the following Faculty
a) Psychiatric Teacher (One).
b) Medical and Surgical Teachers (Two).
Minimum requirement - B. Sc. N_
The above oddifionol staff is required
for New Program.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing Education
WOODSTOCK GENERAL
HOSPITAL
Woodstock, Ontario
SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL
COOKSVtllE, ONTARIO
A new 450-bed General Hospital, located
12 miles from the City of Toronto. hos
openings for:
(1) GENERAL STAFF NURSES in all d..
partments;
(2) Regiltered Nursing Assistants in all
departments.
For information or application, write to:
Director of Nursing
SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL
Cooksville r Ontario
KINGSTON GENERAL HOSPITAL
KINGSTON, ONTARIO
Inferesting chonges in our physical planf
ore taking ploce at Kingston Generol
Hospifal. We invife you to join OUr
Nursing Staff and share in providing
qualify care fo our patienfs. We offer
you a basic orientation and an ongoing
educafion programme. Sfarting salary is
dependent on Ontario registration, pre-
parafion and experience. Kingsfon is the
home of Queen's Universify and the
Royal Milifary College and is ideally
located in the Thousand Islands area.
as well as close to the Metropolitan
areas of Monfreal. Toronfo and New
York City.
Apply to:
MISS S. M. BURKINSHAW r
Dirf'ctor of Nursing,
72 THE CANADIAN NURSE
OPERAT1NG ROOM
SUPERVISOR
Postgraduate trained.
For 61-bed well-equipped
hospital.
Apply:
Administrator
WILLETT HOSPITAL
Paris, Ontario
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES
required for
HEALTH BRANCH
B. C. Civil Service
Positions available for qualified Public
Healfh Nurses in various centres in Brifish
Columbia.
SALARY: $432 - $530 per monfh; car
provided. An opportunity for interesting
and challenging professional service in this
beautiful ond fost-developing Province.
For further information and application
forms, apply to:
The Director, Public Health Nursing,
Deparfment of Health Service. and
Hospitat Insurance, Parliament Building..
VICTORIA, B. C., or to The Chairman,
B. C. CIVil SERVICE COMMISSION,
544 Michigan Street,
VICTORIA, B. C.
COMPETITtON No. 66:281 A
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC HOSPITAL
School of Nursing requires
INSTRUCTRESS (Nursing Arts)
INSTRUCTRESS (Medical.Surgical Area)
New self-contained education building for
school of nursing now open.
Trent Universify is sifuated in Peterborough
For further information write to:
Director of Nursing
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC
HOSPITAL
Peterborough, Ontario
SCHOOL OF NURSING
PUBLIC GENERAL HOSPITAL
Chatham, Ontario
requires
INSTRuaORS
Student Body of 130
Modern self-confained education building
Universify Preparation required with
salary differential for Degree.
For further information,
apply to:
Director, Nursing Education
GRADUATE NURSES
Eligible for regisfrafion in the
Province of Ontario.
Various positions available as SUPER.
VISORS. HEAD NURSES. and GENERAL
DUTY NURSES. Excellent opportunities for
advancemenf in all areos of modern.
newly expanded 1,OOO-bed General Hos-
pital, including O.R. and Recovery, Inten-
sive Care. Emergency, Central Supply.
Medical and Surgical Units.
Please contact:
Director of Nursing
HENDERSON GENERAL
HOSPIT AL
Hamilton, Ontario
REGISTERED GENERAL
DUTY NURSn
For 75-bed active hospital located 70
miles Easf of Saskatoon.
Excellent personnel policies.
Apply:
Director of Nursing Service
ST. ELIZABETH'S HOSPITAL
Humboldt, Saskatchewan
JANUARY 1967
nurses
who want to
nurse
At York Central you can join
an active, interested group of
nurses who want the chance to
nurse in its broadest sense. Our
I 26-bed. fully accredited hospi-
tal is young. and already talking
expansion. Nursing is a profes-
sion we respect and we were the
first to plan and develop a unique
nursing audit system; new mem-
bers of our nursing staff do not
necessarily start at the base salary
of $372 per month but get added
pay for previous years of work.
There are opportunities for gain-
ing wide experience, for getting
to know patients as well as staff.
Situated in Richmond Hill, all
the cultural and entertainment fa-
cilities of Metropolitan Toronto
are available a few miles to the
South. .. and the winter and
summer holiday and week-end
pleasures of Ontario are easily
accessible to the North. If you
are realIy interested in nursing,
you are needed and will be made
welcome.
Apply in person or by mail to the
Director of Nursing.
YORK
CENTRAL
HOSPITAL
RICHMOND HILL,
ONTARIO
NEW STAFF RESIDENCE
!ANUARY 1967
Registered Nurses
AND
Registered
Nursing Assistants
For 300-bed Accredited General
Hospital situated in the pictur-
esque Grand River Valley. 60
miles from Toronto.
Modern well-equipped hospital
providing quality nursing care.
Excellent personnel policies.
For further information write:
Director of Nursing Service
SOUTH WATERLOO
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
Galt, Ontario
REGISTERED NURSES
250-bed General Hospital, ex-
panding to 400, located in San
Francisco, California. Positions on
all shifts for nurses in Intensive
Care Unit, Operating Room, and
General Staff Duty. Salary range
effective April 1967, $600-$700.
Health and life Insurance, Retire-
ment Program - all hospital
paid. liberal holiday and vaca-
tion benefits. Accredited medical
residencies in Medicine, General
Surgery, Neuro Surgery, Ortho-
pedics, and Plastic Surgery.
For further information write to:
Miss Lois Jann,
Director of Nursing
FRANKLIN HOSPITAL
14th and Noe Streets,
San Francisco, California
THE
NORTHWESTERN
GENERAL
HOSPITAL
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Fu lIy accredited
Progressive 250 bed hospital
Planned expansion to 400 beds
20 minutes to downtown Toronto.
YOUR PROFESSIONAL GROWTH
Planned orientation programme
Continuing inservice education.
BENEFITS INCLUDE-
3 weeks vacation
8 statutory holidays
Cumulative sick leave
Group life insurance
Hospitalization
40 hour week.
HOUSING -
Furnished apartments at reduced rates.
For information contact:
Director of Nursing
NORTHWESTERN
GENERAL HOSPI' AL
2175 Keele St.,
Toronto 15, Onto
THE CANADIAN NURSE 73
WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL
Requires
GENERAL STAFF NURSES
ALL DEPARTMENTS
and
O.R. TECHNICIANS
Apply:
Director of Nursing
WOODSTOCK
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Woodstock, Ontario
McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL
requires
Registered Nurses for general Staff. The
hospital is friendly and progressive.
It is now in the beginning stoges of a
$3,500,000 program of expansion and
renovation.
- Openings in all services.
- Proximity to lakeheod
ensures opportunity for
educafian.
University
furthering
For full particulars write to:
Acting Director
of Nursing Service
McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL,
Fort William, Ontario.
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
Hamilton, Ontario
requires
CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS in all Nursing
areas. Well-equipped. modern School of
Nursing. Student enrolment over ]00.
Modern. progressive. BOO-bed Hospital.
Salary commensurate with preparation
and experience.
For further details, apply:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
74 THE CANADIAN NURSE
PORT COLBORNE
GENERAL HOSPITAL
!'ORT COLBORNE, ONTARIO
ST AFF NURSES
required
For 166-bed hospital within easy driving
disfance of American and Canadian me-
tropolifan centres. Considerafion given for
previous experience obtained in Canada.
Completely furnished apartment-style resi-
dence, including balcony and swimming
pool facing lake, adjacenf to hospital.
Apply:
Director of Nursing
GENERAL HOSPITAL
!'ort Colborne,Ontario
REGISTERED NURSES
For new 100-bed General Hospital in
resorf town of 14,000 people, beaufifully
located on shores of lake of fhe Woods.
Three hours' travel time from Winnipeg
with good transparfation available. Wide
variety of summer and winter sports-
swimming. boofing, fishing, golfing, skaf-
ing. curling, fobogganing, skiing and ice
fishing.
Salary: $372 for nurses registered in
Ontario with allawanæ for experience.
Residence available. Good personnel poli.
cies.
Apply to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
KENORA GENERAL HOSPITAL
Kenora, Ontario
OTTAWA CIV1C HOSPITAL
OTTAWA, ONTARIO
This modern 10B7-bed teaching hospital
requires:
REGISTERED NURSES
FOR All SERVICES INQUDING
OPERATING ROOM AND PSYCHIATRY
Excellent salaries. personnel policies and
fringe benefits are available.
Apply in writing to:
B. JEAN MILLIGAN, Reg. N., M.A.
Assistant Director
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
LONDON. ONTARIO
Teaching Hospital, 600 beds, new focilifies
requires:
REGISTERED NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS
For further information apply:
The Director of Nursing
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
London, Ontario
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
EDUCATION
Masfer's degree preferred; fo conduct
basic nursing program and offilliate pro-
gram.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing,
CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL
OF WINNIPEG,
Winnipeg, Manitoba.
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Requires
GENERAL STAFF NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING
ASSIST ANTS
O. R. TECHNICIANS
Modern 395 bed, fully accredifed General
Hospital opened in 1954, with School 01
Nursing. Excellent personnel policies.
O. H. A. Pension Plan. Pleasant progres-
sive industriol city of 22,500.
Apply:
Director of Nursing,
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN GENERAL
HOSPIT Al
St. Thomas, Ontario.
JANUARY 1967
SUNNYBROOK
HOSPIT AL
REGISTERED NURSES
General Duty Nurses on rotating
shifts are needed as port of the
re-organization of Sunnybrook as
a university teaching hospital.
Employment in our Nursing Ser-
vices Department includes:
Metro Toronto Salary Scale
Accommodation at reduced
rates. Full range of fringe
benefits
Three weeks vacation after
1 year
Good location
subway on
grounds.
bus from
to hospital
For additional information,
please write:
Director of Personnel
and Public Relations,
SUNNYBROOK HOSPITAL
2075 Bayview Avenue
Toronto 12, Ontario
ANUARY 1967
POSITIONS ARE AVAILABLE
for
REGISTERED NURSES
with special interest in medical
nursing and rehabilitation of
long term patients.
Salaries recommended by the
Registered Nurses'
Association of Ontario
Inservice educational program-
me developed and
expanding
Residence accommodation avail-
able at a very mod-
erate rate
Transportation advanced, if re-
quested
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
THE QUEEN ELIZABETH HOSPITAL
130 Dunn Avenue
Toronto 3, Onto
REGISTERED NURSES
for General Duty
In modern 20-bed hospital locat-
ed in thriving northwestern On-
tario community. Starting salary
$335 minimum to $400 maxi-
mum for three years' experience.
Board and room in modern
nurses' residence is supplied at
no charge. Excellent employee
benefits and recreational facili-
ties available. Further particulars
on request. Apply giving full
details of experience, age, avail-
ability, etc. to:
Employment Supervisor
MARATHON CORPORATION
OF CANADA LIMITED
Marathon, Ontario
ONTARIO SOCIETY
FOR
CRIPPLED CHILDREN
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Invites applications from Public
Health Nurses who have at least
2 years experience in general-
ized public health nursing, pre-
ferably in Ontario.
INTERESTING AND VARIED
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES
IN AN EXPANDING PROGRAM
INCLUDE:
. an opportunity to work direct-
ly with children, their parents,
health and welfare agencies,
and professional groups
. participation in arranging
diagnostic and consultant cli-
nics
. assessing the needs of the
individually handicapped chjld
in relation to services provided
by Easter Seal Clubs and the
Society.
Attractive salary schedule with
excellent benefits. Car provided.
Pre-service preparation with sa-
lary.
Apply in writing to:
Director, Nursing Service,
350 Rumsey Road,
Toronto 17, Ontario
THE CANADIAN NURSE 75
REGISTERED NURSES
Staff posifions available in acute and
convalescent unit of large General Hospital
located in San Francisco Bay Area. Sfarfing
salary $550 fo $605 plus differenfial. Ex.
cellent benefits.
Apply:
SEQUOIA HOSPITAL
Whipple and Alameda
Redwood City, California
222 BED GENERAL HOSPITAL
requires
STAFF NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS
Cornwall is noted for its summer and
winter sporf areas, and is an hour and a
half from both Montreal and Ottawa.
Progressive personnel policies include 4
weeks vacafion. Experience and posf.basic
cerfificafes are recognized.
Apply to:
Ass't. Director of Nursing
(service)
CORNWALL GENERAL HOSPITAL
Cornwall, Ontario
EVENING OR NIGHT
SUPERVISOR
For 70lbed active hospital located 70
miles East of Saskafoon. Salary com-
mensurate wifh experience and qualifica-
tions. Excellent personnel policies.
Apply:
Direclor of Nursing Service
ST. ELIZABETH'S HOSPITAL
Humboldt, Saskatchewan
76 THE CANADIAN NURSE
REGISTERED NURSES
required for
82-bed hospifal. Sifuafed in the Niagara
Peninsula. Transportafion assistance.
For salary rafes and personnel policies,
apply to:
Director of Nursing
HALDIMAND WAR MEMORIAL
HOSPITAL
Dunnville, Ontario
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
Applicafions are invited for the above
position in a modern, 56.bed, fully ac-
credited hospital wifh expansion plans
under active study. Nursing administrafive
educafion and experience desirable.
Salary commensurate with qualifications.
Apply:
Mrs. M. Fearn, Executive Director
THE BARRIE MEMORIAL
HOSPITAL
Ormstown" Quebec
CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR
FOR OPERATING ROOM
required by
ROYAL COLUMBIAN HOSPITAL
School of Nursing,
New Westminster, B.C.
For further information contact
Director of Nursing
THE UNIVERSITY OF
WESTERN ONTARIO
SCHOOL OF NURSING
annOunces
FACULTY POSITIONS
available for the following programmes:
I. A Four-Year Basic Degree ProgrammE
(B.Sc.N.) beginning in September 1966
2. Degree Programme for Graduafe Reg.
istered Nurses.
3. Exponding graduate programmes
(M.Sc.N.).
Enquires are invifed from qualified person!
who are interesfed in Universify teaching
opporfunifies in the School of Nursing of a
rapidly developing Health Sciences Centre.
For information write to:
The Dean, School of Nursing
THE UNIVERSITY OF
WESTERN ONTARIO
London, Canada
REGISTERED NURSES
Positions available in several hospitals
in Easf Cenfral Saskafchewan ranging
from 10 - 75 beds. Saskafchewan Reg-
isfered Nurses' Associafion so lory schedule
and personnel policies in effect.
For further information apply to:
Executive Director
EAST CENTRAL REGIONAL
HOSPITAL COUNCIL
Suite 4, Smith Block,
Yorkton, Saskatchewan
GENERAL DUTY NURSES
and
NURSING ASSISTANTS
Wanfed for acfive General Hospital (125
beds) sifuated in St. Anfhony, Newfound-
land, a town of 2,400 and headquarfers
of the International Grenfell Association
which provides medical care for northern
Newfoundland and the coo sf of labrador.
Salaries in accordance with ARNN.
For further information
please write:
Miss Dorothy A. Plant
INTERNATIONAL GRENFELL ASSOCIATION
Room 701A, 88 Metcalfe Street.
OTTAWA 4. ONTARIO
JANUARY 1967
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GUY'S HOSPITAL
LONDON
TO REGISTERED NURSES Of
ACCREDITED SCHOOLS Of NURSING
If you are visiting Great Britain. why not widen your professional
experience and consider joining the staff at Guy's Hospital?
Appointmenfs for six months are offered in all Branches of general
nursing, in the specialised unifs. and privafe pafienfs wing.
The furnished accommodation is excellent and all modern facilities
are available. The Hospital is ideally situated for exploring London.
Those nurses who are inferested and would like further information,
please write to:
The Matron, Cuy's Hospital,
London, S. E. 1.
giving details of your nursing training. and subsequent experience.
SCHOOL OF NURSING
BROCKVILLE
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Requires
TEACHERS
For the recently approved two year curriculum with
a third year of experience in nursing service. You
will enjoy participating in the development of a
progressive school which emphasizes planned learn-
ing experiences for the students. Theory is taught
concurrent with clinical experience.
Qualifications: Bachelor of Science in Nursing
or Diploma in Nursing Education
or Diploma in Public Health Nursing
Excellent salaries and personnel policies.
You would enjoy living in the attractive "City of
the Thousand Islands" two and one half hours from
Expo 67.
For further information contact:
The Director, School of Nursing
BROCKVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL
Brockville, Ontario
IANUARY 1967
THE MONTREAL GENERAL HOSPITAL
offers a
6 month Advanced Course in
Operating Room Technique and
Management to
REGISTERED NURSES
with a year's Graduate experience
in an Operating Room.
Classes commence in September and
March for selected classes of
8 students
For further information apply to :
The Director of Nursing
THE MONTREAL GENERAL HOSPITAL
Montreal 25, Quebec
THE CANADIAN NURSE 77
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REGISTERED & GRADUATE
NURSES
Are required to fill vacancies in a modern, centrally
located Hospital. Tours of duty are 7:30 - 4:00, 3:30-
12:00 and 11 :30 - 8:00.
Salary range for Registered Nurses is $382.50 to
$447.50 per month and for Graduate Nurses is
$352.50 to $417.50 per month. We offer a full
range of employee benefits and excellent working
conditions.
Day Care facilities for pre-school children from 3
months to 5 years in age.
Apply in person, or by letter to :
Personnel Manager,
THE RIVERDALE HOSPITAL
St. Matthews Road,
Toronto 8, Ontario.
DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY
offers
NEW DIPLOMA PROGRAM
in
OUTPOST NURSING
A program extending over two calendar
years has been developed to prepare
graduate nurses for service in remOfe
areas of Northern Canada. Major areas
within fhe cOurse of sfudy will include:
Public health nursing
Complete midwifery
Basic clinical medicine
Insfrucfion will be highly individualized.
!sf year - To be spenf affhe University.
2nd year - To consist of an internship
direcfed by fhe Universify in
selected northern agencies.
Candidates should have complefed at
least one year of professional nursing.
Upon complefion of fhe program students
will receive a Diploma in Public Health
Nursing and a Diploma in Outpast
Nursing.
For further information write to:
Director,
SCHOOL OF NURSING
DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY
Halifax, Nova Scotia
78 THE CANADIAN NURSE
REGISTERED NURSES
Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois is a
new 587-bed General Hospital, located in a pleasant
suburb of Chicago.
The hospital is modern with a wide range of services
to patients, including Hyperbaric Oxygen Unit. Low-
cost modern housing next to the hospital is available.
The hospital is completely air-conditioned.
Annual beginning salary is from $6,000 plus shift
differential pay. Regular salary increments at six
months of service and yearly thereafter. Sick leave
and other fringe benefits are also available.
Write or call collect:
Director of Nursing Services
LUTHERAN GENERAL HOSPITAL
PARK RIDGE, ILLINOIS 60068
Telephone: 692-2210 Ext. 211
Area Code: 312
THE WINNIPEG
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Offers the following opporfunify for ad-
vanced preparation to qualified Regisfered
Graduate Nurses:
A SIX MONTH CLINICAL COURSE
in
OPERATING ROOM
PRINCIPLES AND ADVANCED
PRACTICE
The caurse commences in September of
each year. Mointenance is provided, and
a reasonable sfipend is given each month.
Enrolment is limifed to a maximum of
fen sfudenfs.
For further information please
write to:
THE DIREOOR OF NURSING
700 William Ave.
Winnipeg 3
, ..;1:)' f1
"A
<<)
1
.
.
DALHOUSIE
UNIVERSITY
Degree Course in Bosic Nursing - (B.N.)
4 years
A progrom eXfending over four calendar
years leading to the Bachelor of Nursing
degree is offered to candidates with a
Nova Scotia Grade XII sfanding (or equiv-
alenf) and prepares the student for nursing
practice in hospitals and fhe communify.
The curriculum includes studies in the
humanities. nursing and fhe sciences.
Degree Course for Registered Nurses -
(B.N.) - 3 years
A program extending over three ocademic
years is offered to Regisfered Nurses who
wish to obtain a Bachelor of Nursing
degree. The course includes sfudies in
the humanities. sciences and a nursing
specia Ity.
Diploma Courses for Registered Nurses -
1 year
(1) Nursing Service Adminisfrafion
(2) Public Health Nursing
(3) Teaching in Schools of Nursing
For further information apply to:
Director. School of Nursing
DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY
Halifax, N.S.
JANUARY 196i
UNITED STATES
AFF NURSES Here is the opportunity to further
velop your professionol skills ond knowledge in
, I,OOO-bed medicol center. We hove liberol personnel
licies with premiums for evening and night tours.
Jf nurses. residence, located in the midst of 33
Irural and educational institutions, offers low.cost
using adjacent to the Hospitals. Write for our booklet
nursing opportunities. Feel free ta tell l.S what type
sirian you ore seeking. Write: Director of Nursing,
om 600, University Hospitals of Cleveland, University
,cle, Clevelond, Oh io 44-06 15-36-1 G
gistered Nurse (Scenic Oregon vacation play.
:>und, skiing, swimming, booting & cultural
ents) for 295-bed teoching unit on compus of
.ive-rsity of Oregon medical school. Salary starts
$525. Poy differentiol for nights ond evenings.
liberal policy for advancement, vocations, sick
leove, holidoys. Apply: Multnomoh Hospitol, Port-
lond, Oregon. 97201. 15-38-1
Staff Nurses: Live with your family in on attractive
2 bedroom furnished home for $55 per month,
including utilities, and work in a suburban Cleve-
lond hospitol. Storting solory ronge $420 - $445
with 6 and 12 month increments. Excellent transpor-
tation to hospital door. Outstanding schools and
cultural opportunities. Apply: Director of Nursing
Service, Sunny Acres Hospitol, 4310 Richmond Rood,
Clevelond, Ohio 44122. 15-36-1 E
GRADUATE NURSES Wouldn't you like to work
ot 0 modern 532-bed ocute Generol Teoching Hos-
pitol where you would hove: (0) unlimited oppor-
tunities for professional growth and advancement,
(b) tuition poid for odvonced study, (c) storting
solory of $429 per manrh (to rhose with pending
registration as well), d) progressive personnel poli.
ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
MONTREAL, QUEBEC
POSTGRADUATE COURSES
1.
(a) .Six month clinical course in Obstetrical Nursing.
Classes - September and March.
Two month clinical course in Gynecological Nursing.
Classes following the six month course in Obstetrical
Nursing.
Eight week COurse in Care of the Premature Infant.
(b)
(c)
2. Six month course in Operating Room Technique.
Classes - September and March.
3. Six month course in Theory and Practice in Psychiatric
Nursing.
Classes - September and March.
For information and details of the courses, apply to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL
Montreal, P.Q.
\NUARY 1967
I
cies, (e) a choice of areas? For further information,
write or call collect: Miss Louise Harrison, Director
of Nursing Service, Mount Sinai Hospital, University
Circle, Clevelond, Ohio 44106. Phone SWeetbrior
5-6000. 15-36-1 D
STAFF NURSES: University of Woshington. 320-bed
modern, expanding Teaching and Research Hospital
located on campus offers you an opportunity to
join the staff in one of the following specialties:
Clinical Research, Premature Center, Open Heart
Surgery, Physical Medicine, Orthopedicts, Neurosur-
gery, Adult and Child Psychiotry in addition to
the Generol Services. Salary: $501 to $576. Unique
benefit program includes free University courses after
six months. For information on opportunities, write
to: Mrs. Ruth Fine. Director of Nursing Services,
University Hospital, 1959 N.E. Pacific Avenue,
Seottle, Woshington 98105. 15-48-2D
UNIVERSITY OF
BRITISH COLUMBIA
School of Nursing
DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC
NURSING
DEGREE COURSE FOR
GRADUATE NURSES
Both of these courses lead to the
B.S.N. degree. Graduates are pre-
pared for public health as well as
hospital nursing positions.
DIPLOMA COURSES FOR
GRADUATE NURSES
I. Public Health Nursing.
2. Administration of Hospital
Nursing Units.
3. Psychiatric Nursing.
For information write to:
The Director
SCHOOL OF NURSING
UNIVERSITY OF B.C.
Vancouver 8, B.C.
NOVA SCOTIA SANATORIUM
KENTVlllE, N.S.
Offers to Graduate Nurses a
Three-Month Course in Tubercu-
losis Nursing, including Immu-
nology, Prevention, Medical and
Surgical Treatment.
For information apply to:
Director of Nursing
NOVA SCOTIA SANATORIUM
Kentville, N.S.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 79
..........
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...++++++.
.+++++++++
...+....+.
.....
Turns
consume
93 times their
own weight
in excess
stomach
acid!
Laboratory tests show Tums neu-
tralize 93 times their own weight
in excess stomach acids, and that
they maintain a balanced level for
long periods, too. Tums go to work
in 4 seconds on gas, heartburn and
indigestion. And they taste pleas-
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cost so very little. Those are the
facts. So next time your tummy
gives you a turn, give Tums a try.
They're worth their weight in gold !
4lU
$.J
FOR THE NURSE WHO
DOESN'T HAVE EVERYTHING
think how fasttheyll work
on your tummy upsets!
ASSISTOSCOPE ::
'-
When your friends start
"fishing" for what to give
you this Christmas, hint
to them how much you
would like your personal
lightweight stethoscope.
ASSISTOSCOPE* - designed with the nurse in mind.
Regularly $12.95, your Christmas stethoscope will cost
you only $9.85 in your choice of white or black tubing.
This offer expires December 24th.
Also available in spe-
cial sister model which
fits easily under the
coif.
Order from t
\AI
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N
U
!.
I
M IIONTRUL 21 QUElIC
2 _ 67 .TRADE MARl(
ASSISTOSCOPE*
Made in Canada
80 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Index
to
advertisers
Jan uary 1967
Abbot Laboratories Ltd.
Ames Company of Canada Ltd.
American Sterilizer Company
Bland Uniforms Limited
Government of Canada, Dept. of Labour
Canadian University Service Overseas
M. J. Chase Co. Inc.
Charles E. Frosst & Co.
Hollister Limited
Lakeside Laboratories (Canada) Ltd.
Lewis-Howe Company (Turns)
C.V. Mosby Co.
T.M. Pharmaco (Canada) Ltd
J.T. Posey Company
The Queen's Printer
Reeves Company
Uniforms Registered
United Surgical Corporation
Warner-Chilcott Labs. Co. Ltd.
White Sister Uniforms Inc.
Winley-Morris Co. Ltd.
Advertising
Manager
Ruth H. Baumel,
The Canadian Nurse
50 The Driveway,
Ottawa 4, Ontario
Advertising Representatives
Richard P. Wilson,
219 East Lancaster Avenue,
Ardmore, Penna. 19003
Vanco Publications,
170 The Donway West,
Suite 408, Don Mills, Ont.
Member of Canadian
Circulation Audit Board Inc.
Cover IV
I J
2
9
24
57
10
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80
20, 21
17
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Cover III
17
57
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80
I3E:J
JANUARY 1%:
February 1967
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The
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nursing in the USSR
drug addiction
nurse and pharmacist
- partners
estrogen and the menopause
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are pleased to co-operate
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NURSES STATION
at the
MAN IN HEALTH PAVILION
exp o 67 :W
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I
W.B. SAUNDERS COMPANY
Philadelphia and London
Saunders Texts - to enrich and
expand your knowledge of nursing
. . .
Kron-Communication in Nursing
By THORA KRON, R.N., B.S., formerly St. Luke's Hospital of Nursing.
A New Book! From the author of Nursing Team Leadership, here
is a practical guide for the nurse on how to write, speak - even
nod! - with meaning. It skillfully shows how to have your thoughts
and ideas "come accross." Mrs. Kron provides specific, how-to-do
it information for achieving improved communication: how to
become an intelligent listener - how to give a demonstration -
how to make a speech - how to disagree agreeably - how to
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points out common difficulties and makes concrete suggestions for
improvement. The principles given throughout the text are sum-
marized at the end. 244 pp., iIIus., $4.05. Just Published!
The Nursing Clinics of North America
The Nursing Clinics fill an urgent need by providing a single and
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and techniques. The forthcoming March issue contains two impor-
tant symposia: The Nurse and the Law, with Jane C. Donahue, R.N.,
LL.B., as Guest Editor, and Radiation Uses and Hazards, with Eliza-
beth H. Boeker, M.S.P.H., as Guest Editor. The 16 full-length, well-
written articles range from "Professional Liability Insurance for
Nurses" to "Nursing Care in Radium Therapy." As in every issue of
Nursing Clinics, every article is written by an authority in the field,
and the topics discussed are those suggested by subscribers. Every
issue (4 per year) contains about 160 pages with no advertising,
and is bound between hard covers. Annual subscription (4 issues)
only. $13.00. Student Rate: $10.80.
Howe-Nutrition for Practical Nurses
By PHYLLIS S. HOWE, B.S., M.E., Contra Costa College and Diablo
Valley College. This up-to-date New (4th) Edition provides the
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therapy, plus selection and care of food. Discussions range from
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foods. Exercises are included at the end of most chapters. 302 pp.,
iIIus., $4.05. New (4th) Edition - Just Published!
Dennis-
Psychology of Human Behavior for Nurses
By Lorraine Bradt Dennis, B.S., R.N., M.S., Marymount Junior Col-
lege. In the thoroughly revised and expanded New (3rd) Edition!
of this delightful book, Mrs. Dennis has achieved much more than
just another textbook. As well as providing an excellent practical
introduction to psychology, this books helps the student nurse to
find out what she really wants to know: Why do people behave
as they do? How can I study most effectively? What can I do
about my problems? Mrs. Dennis gives a clear and balanced
picture of psychology. She discusses genetics and early develop-
ment; learning, behavior, and personality; defense mechanisms;
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Guide available. 289 pp., iIIus., $5.40. New (3rd) Edition - Just
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Canadian Representative: Me Ainsh and Company, Ltd. 1835 Yonge St., Toronto 7
BRUARY 1967 THE CANADIAN NURSE 1
so soft. . . so soothing
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SOME STYLES ALSO AVAILABLE IN COLORS. . SOME STYLES3/í'-12 AAAA.E. $15.9510 $20.95
For a complimentary pair 01 white shoelaces, lolder showing all the smart Clinic styles, and list 01 stores selling them, write:
THE CLINIC SHOEMAKERS. Dept.CN-2.1221 Locust St. . St. Louis, Mo. 63103
2 THE CANADIAN NURSE FEBRUARY 1967
The
Canadian
Nurse
A monthly journal for the nurses of Canada published
in English and French editions by the Canadian Nurses Association
Volume 63, Number 2
February 1967
27 A Glimpse of Nursing in the USSR H. K. Mussallem
34 Estrogen Replacement at Menopause D.C McEwen
38 Estrogen and the Menopause .. J. Blanchet
40 Nurse and Pharmacist - Partners J. L. Summers
45 Tumors of the Skin P. J. Fitzpatrick
48 Radiation Therapy for Skin Cancer ... D. Martyn
The views expressed in the various articles are the views of the authors and do not
necessarily represent the policies or views of the Canadian Nurses' Association.
4 Letters
7 News
18 Names
21 Dates
Cover photo courtesy of the USSR Embassy
Executive Director: Heten K. Mussallem .
Editor: Vlrglnta A. Llndabury . Assistant
Editor: Glennts N. ZUm . Editorial Assistant:
Carla D. Penn . Circutation Manager: Pier-
rette Hotte . Advertising Manager: Ruth H.
Baumel . Subscription Rates: Canada: One
Year, $4.50; two years, $8.00. Foreign: One
Year, 15.00; two years, 19.00. Single copies:
50 cents each. Make cheques or money orders
pa\able to The Canadian Nurse. Change of
Address: Four weeks' notice and the otd
address as well as the new are necessary. Not
responsible for journats lost in mail due to
errors in address.
(i:) Canadian Nurses' Association. 1966
:BRUARY 1967
23 In A Capsule
25 New Products
51 Books
54 Films
55 Accession List
Manuscript Infonnatlon: "The Canadian
Nurse" welcomes unsolicited articles. AU
manuscripts shoutd be typed, doubte-spaced,
on one side of unruled paper leaving wide
margins. Manuscripts are accepted for review
for exclusive publication. The editor reserves
the right to make the usual editorial chanl(es.
Photol(raphs (glossy prints) and graphs and
diagrams (drawn in india ink on white paper)
are welcomed with such articles. The editor
is not committed to publish aU articles sent,
nor to indicate defimte dates of publication.
Authorized as Second-Ctass Mail by the Post
Office Department, Ottawa, and for payment
of postage in cash. Postpaid at Montreal.
Return Postage Guaranteed. 50 The Driveway.
Ottawa 4. Ontario.
"The menopause is definitely
obsolete today."
This statement is from the pen
of Robert A. Wilson, M.D., one of
the best known proponents of
estrogen replacement therapy for
menopausal and postmenopausal
women.
Dr. Wilson and his group regard
the menopause as a deficiency
disease, rather than as an inevitable
and irreversible condition. They
believe it requires replacement
therapy with hormones, just as
diabetes mellitus requires insulin,
and hypothyroidism, thyroid.
Not all physicians agree with Dr.
Wilson and his colleagues. Some
strongly oppose the use of sex
hormones to relieve menopausal
symptoms. They defend this
conservative position by saying that
most of these symptoms result
from psychic, rather than physical
causes, and that the loss of female
hormones at middle life is a normal
phenomenon to which the body
will adjust.
Other physicians assume a
moderate position, agreeing that
hormone replacement is warranted
when the vaginal cell count reveals
estrogen deficiency, or when
menopausal symptoms, such as hot
flashes, backache due to
osteoporosis, etc., become
distressing to the patient.
Many women, aware of the
present controversy surrounding
this topic will direct their questions
to nurses. We can answer these
questions objectively only if we
have all pertinent facts. For this
reason, we asked two gynecologists
to present the pros and cons of
estrogen replacement therapy.
Dr. Donald C. McEwen, in
"Estrogen Replacement Therapy at
Menopause," claims that one
woman in three suffers from ovarian
deficiency and should be given
estrogens for the balance of her life.
Dr. Jean Blanchet, in "Estrogen
and the Menopause," takes a more
conservative approach. He believes
that only a small percentage of
menopausal patients have symptoms
that warrant hormonal therapy.
Whether or not the menopause
becomes "obsolete" in future is not
something that we can predict.
However, with society's stress on
youth and youthfulness it seems
likely that we will hear more from
the proponents of estrogen
replacement therapy in the future.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 3
letters
{
Letters to the editor are welcome.
Only signed letters will be considered for publication
Name will be withheld at the writer's request.
Recommended reading
Dear Editor:
We were interested in the review of
Joyce Travelbee's Interpersonal Aspects of
Nursing (December 1966). Our first-year
students have been discussing material
from this text frequently in their course in
nursing fundamentals and we have found
the book has helped them to think and
understand more about nursing, human
beings, and human experiences such as
illness and suffering. Although there are
a few deficiencies in the text, we believe
that these are greatly outweighed by its
value in assisting nursing students "to
achieve helping relationships with others."
- Sister Patricia Marie, (Mrs.) B. Jones,
L. Devereux, and (Mrs.) S. Dunning,
Teachers of Fundamentals of Nursing, St.
Joseph's School of Nursing, London, On-
tario.
Dear Editor:
I would like to recommend a book that
I believe every nurse should read and
which, I hope, she in turn may persuade
just one doctor to read.
The name is, In Search of Sanity, by
Gregory Stefan, and is published by the
University Books, New Hyde Park, New
York.
Those nurses who have read it say it is
unbelievable. It is a very easily read. book
and 1 believe it is a very fitting successor
to A Mind that Found Itself, by Clifford
Beers, the old classic that did so much to
change mental hospitals.
Most book stores in large cities will order
it: Book-of-the-Month will order it; and
it is offered at a much cheaper price by
The American Schizophrenic Foundation,
Ann Arbor, Michigan, if one is a member.
- (Mrs.) Marion Palmer, Alberta.
No criticism
Dear Editor:
In your November 1966 issue there was
an interesting letter from a distressed
reader regarding her obstetrical care in
an Ontario hospital with a comment from
a Halifax nurse stating: "I don't know
what hospitals are putting out for nurses
these days."
Recently, I had the privilege of enter-
ing a modern obstetrical hospital in Hali-
fax. The attention and treatment I received,
from the first moment I entered the hos-
pital with my suitcase, until I left with my
4 THE CANADIAN NURSE
firstborn son, was the happiest experience
of my life, and I cannot honestly criticize
any phase of my hospitalization.
My admission was quickly, quietly, and
efficiently performed by a student nurse,
who first introduced herself, and explained
each procedure before she began the rou-
tine preparations. She took the time to help
me with the breathing exercises with each
labor pain, thus reinforcing the instructions
I had received from my doctor prenatally.
On transfer to the waiting or labor room,
I received friendly, professional interest
and care from both students and supervisor.
At no time during the waiting period was
there evidence of confusion; therefore, a
feeling of confidence was transmitted to
me and no panic or fear resulted. The
case room nurse took the time to visit
several times during the long night and
informed me of my progress. When I was
finally admitted to the labor room, I felt
the staff were friends as well as capable,
well-trained professional personnel.
The postpartum and nursery care in this
hospital were of the same high calibre. My
questions regarding the baby's progress
as well as my own were quickly answered.
The staff certainly displayed patient in-
terest during my hospital stay.
After leaving the hospital, I felt sorry
that I had received my training 15 years too
soon, when the emphasis was on nursing
service, with nursing education second. I
believe that students today are receiving
better education. They are given the op-
portunity to provide nursing care, instead
of orderly, maid or technician duties.
J enjoy the articles published on hospital
nursing. However, J would like to see some
articles on public health nursing. - A
Public Health Nurse, Nova Scotia.
Obstetrics for men
Dear Editor:
I am writing to commend you on the
article "Why Not Obstetric Nursing For
Male Students?" (October t966). The
article was short but presented a good ar-
gument in favor of obstetrical training for
male nursing students. The same desires
that bring women to nursing also bring
men and the same opportunities for train-
ing should be available to both. I believe
that having men in obstetrics could pos-
sibly lend a sense of stability and security
to childbirth for many mothers. - Marsha
Smith, S.N., Providence School of Nursing,
Sandusky, Ohio.
University education I
Dear Editor:
After reading Miss Margaret Steed's arti-
cle "A Goal for the Future," (December
1966) we would like to express our view
points.
First, we found the article very interest
ing. We really appreciated Miss Steed'!
analysis of the different roles in the nursinl
profession. Rather than being based or
quantity, as in the past, nursing care will
in the future, be viewed more from the
aspect of quality. This will provide a ne\\
concept of nursing service - a team work
ing together, centered on the needs of the
patient.
For this, the hospital administrator wi!
have to be well informed of the necessit}
to employ and to utilize the work potentia'
of the two different <:ategories of nurses
We questioned the guidance which shoule
be given to candidates for either nursin!
course. Students must know exactly the
kind of role for which they will be educ.
ated and the opportunities they will have
to pursue their studies. We foresee hoy,
difficult it will be for a diploma nurse
to be accepted in a baccalaureate program
after following a non-credit nursing course
Though it may be a distant goal, we
should prepare the public, teachers, and
students, to participate in the reorganiza' i
tion of the nursing profession.
Miss Steed really opened the way, and
we are looking forward to more article
in the same light. - Nicole Lambert, Gi.
neUe Lefebvre and Louise Poirier, 4th
year students in the baccalaureate pro
gram, Institute Marguerite d'Youville.
Montreal.
Dear Editor:
J want to congratulate Miss Margaret
Steed on her very fine article, "A Goal
for the Future" (December, 1966).
I have read this article with much in-
terest and believe that she has made many
comments which present her true thoughts
on nursing at the present time.
In the section "Education for Practice,"
which is well outlined, she presents facts
that should be a stimulus to many young
nurses who wish to map out a goal for
their future. In the paragraph "Distinctions
in Role and Practice," she has endeavored
to bring out the full meaning of the im-
portance of the nurse in practice. I was
very interested in her comment on team
nursing.
The final paragraph, entitled "The Way
(Continued on page 6)
FEBRUARY 1967
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 5
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letters
(Continued from page 4)
Ahead," is brief, concise. and very thought
provoking.
I will recommend this article to be read
by all the students and I am very happy
that she has taken her pen and com-
posed such a splendid article. - Rahno
M. Beamish, Director of Nursing, Kit-
chener-Waterloo Hospital. Kitchener. Onto
Dear Editor:
The December issue, which describes bac-
calaureate education, contains information
which is of great value for the recruitment
and dissemination of information to the
members of the profession.
We were a little disappointed with the
writeup given to Mount Saint Vincent Uni-
versity. When the original draft was sent
for our review and correction in September,
we made several changes. Yet, the uncor-
rected draft appeared in the journal. We
bring this to your attention knowing that
THE CANADIAN NURSE, as the official organ
of the Association, endeavors to publish
accurate and up-to-date information.
We look forward to each new edition uf
the journal for the stimulating and varied
articles it contains. - Sister Jean Eudes,
R.N., M.S., Director of Nursing.
The correct description of Moullt Sailll
Vincent Ulliversity is provided here for the
benefit of readers. - The Editors.
Mount Saint Vincent University is the
only independent women's college in Cana-
da. It is a Catholic institution for the
higher education of women and is cond-
ucted by the Sisters of Charity. Located ill
the village of Rockingham, about 20 min-
utes from downtown Halifax by car, the
campus overlooks Bedford Basin. The Uni-
versity is growing rapidly; a new tower
residence and a Student Union building
hm'e been completed recently. Plans are
under consideration for a new academic
building with adjacent professional build-
ings. Sister Jean Eudes, Director of the
School of Nursing, is responsible to the
Academic Dean who, in turn, reports
directly to the President of the University.
The basic nursing program is a four-
year, integrated program leading to a
Bachelor of Science in Nursing (B.Sc.N.)
degree. Mount Saint Vincent University
was the first university in Nova Scotia to
offer an integrated nursing degree pro-
gram. The course includes three summer
sessions. Hospital practice is given in Hali-
fax hospitals and health agencies and is
under the direct supervision of the Uni-
versity nursing faculty.
A degree program is also open to reg-
istered nurses who have completed one-
year university courses in a nursing special-
ty. The nurse who registers in this program
is required to complete 10 courses i,
science and liberal arts subjects. The pro
gram, instituted to meet a pressing need fo
nurses with degrees in administrative all.
teaching positions in Nova Scotia, will b
offered for a limited time. No certificat
courses are m'ailable.
Admission requirements to the basic 4
year integrated program include Senio
Matriculation (Nova Scotia grade 12) wit
certain specific high school subjects. A ne}
tower residence with single room accom
modation is available on campus and st"
dents may live in if they so desire. Marrie.
women may apply, and, although the UIII
}'ersity is primarily for women, men ma
apply for certain courses.
A bout 20 students are admitted to eac.
new class. It is anticipated that the ScllOC
will enlarge its facilities. Illterested cand.
dates should write to the Director, Schoc
of Nursing, Mount Saint Vincent Unive,
sity, Halifax, N.S.
"Grumps!"
Dear Editor:
Why is it that you always publish letter
saying what a good magazine you have
Doesn't anyone ever say anything critical
Every issue it's "bouquets" and "COlT
pliments." Why don't we ever see "gal
bage" and "grumps"?
Maybe it's because readers like myself
who see plenty to criticize, get in the hab
of tossing your magazine into the wast
basket and turning to the funny pap::rs fo
our amusement.
Not that THF CANADIAN NURSE isn't amu
ing - at least to a certain extent.
The bombastic. amateur-psychologist pros
is really quite a laugh, as long as one doesn
read too much of it or take it too seriousl)
Take this. for a representative exampl
from your last issue:
"An analysis of the aspects of the nursin
proces
as related to patient care reveaJ
a range of activities extending along
continuum from the simplest to the mOl
complex." In other words, in treating p,
tients, a nurse has easy jobs and har
ones.
You've been preaching higher educatio
for some time - in fact it seems to be th
major theme of your magazine - but
Miss Margaret Steed's article (which
quoted from) is an indication of what hal
pens after higher education, then heave
preserve us from it.
I have one more grump. One gels ver
tired of seeing, hearing, and reading abol
professionalism, and what behavior can b
classified as professional, and is nursing
profession or is it not. A nurse is a nurs.
and whether she belongs to a profession (
a labor force, she's got to do the sam
things when she goes to work. What i
fact you're talking about is status; which
to say, you're encouraging snobbery, n(
professionalism. - Sharon Johnston. R.N
Montreal, Quebec.
FEBRUARY 196'
news
ore Cooperation
:MA-CNA-CHA
The Canadian Medical Association has
leen asked to form a steering committee
o prepare for a conference on Hospital-
.tedical Staff relationships. The CMA
viii invite the Canadian Nurses' Associa-
ion and the Canadian Hospital Association
o name members to the committee.
The main object of the conference would
Ie to explain the place and role in the
lospital of administrative personnel, med-
cal staff, and nursing staff, and to em-
,hasize the relationship between the three.
,ointing out the essential need for com-
Ilete understanding and cooperation to
Irrive at the desired result of more ef-
icient operation to produce the best quality
If patient care.
The conference was suggested by a joint
'ommittee of the CHA, CMA, and CNA at
, meeting in December, 1966.
The joint committee has also recom-
nended that the three national associations
Ie given the opportunity to participate in
ach other's annual or biennial meetings.
)r. L.O. Bradley, of the CHA, stated that
here is very little cross representation at
mnual meetings of either the national
)r the provincial associations and that
vhen such representation existed it was
.eJdom that the representatives were given
In opportunity to report the activities of
heir associations or to point out the pro-
Ilems that may exist between the organiza-
ions.
,tudy on Non-Nursing
\ctivities in H.C.
"In determining the number of hours of
mrsing care per patient day, many hos-
litals do not exclude the time spent by
mrsing staff performing duties that are
110re correctly the function of other depart-
l1ents."
This is the conclusion of a joint com-
l1ittee of the Registered Nurses' Associa-
ion of British Columbia and the B.c.
Hospital Association who have recently
'ompleted an investigation of some of the
ifeas in which nurses assist. The commit-
ee consulted representatives of dietary,
lousekeeping, pharmacy, laboratory, x-ray
md social service and have published a
.ix-page booklet outlining non-nursing
juties that nurses are called on to assume
n these areas.
The committee has recommended that
'each hospital give serious consideration
o the question of whether nursing person-
FEBRUARY 1967
RN is Expo 67 Hostess
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This Pdtient at the Montreal Protestant
Hospital is being taken on a verbal tour
of Expo 67 by a hostess who is quite at
home at the hospital bedside. Barabara F.
Stewart, a graduate of The Montreal Gen-
eral Hospital and the McGill School for
Graduate Nurses. is one of the Expo 67
hostesses who is presently informing North
Americans about the coming Exposition.
Miss Stewart, who speaks English,
French and Italian fluently, was employed
with the Montreal Branch of the Victorian
,
.
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Order of Nurses prior to joining the Expo
staff. Her wide professional experience at
hospitals in Montreal, Atlanta, Georgia,
Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland, and
her travels in 16 other countries give her
a valuable background for meeting the
persons of various ethnic groups who will
attend Expo, April 28 to October 27.
"Being hostess at Expo is a once-in-a-
lifetime event," says Miss Stewart. "When
it is over, I plan to return to nursing,
since it is my-true métier."
'.
nel are being utilized to the best advantage,
and when nursing personnel must be as-
signed non-nursing duties, the time so
spent be subtracted when computing the
actual nursing time being spent on nursing
care."
The committee recognizes that problems
may exist in other areas, such as clerical,
porte ring, messengering, and so on, and
will continue their investigations into these
areas at a later time.
SRNA Prepares Guide
for Refresher Courses
The Saskatchewan Registered Nurses'
Association released a new 12-page Guide
for Refresher Courses for lnactil'e Nurses
in December, 1966. The booklet will be
used as a guide to establish programs to
help inactive nurses return to nursing.
The booklet was prepared by the SRNA
Committee on Nursing Service. Nurses who
have not been engaged in nursing for a
period of five years or longer are required
to have a refresher course before returning
to practice, and the SRNA has undertaken to
give direction and help with the organization
of sU'ch a program through this means. The
association will also assist in finding suitable
staff to carry out the program to help in-
active nurses return to nursing.
The Guide recommends that hospitals of
not less than 30 beds and subject to appro-
val by the SRNA may set up programs. Fees
paid for the course would generally make the
programs self-supporting. The length of the
experience would depend on the needs of the
individual, but a minimum of 120 hours of
selected and supervised practice over a
THE CANADIAN NURSE 7
news
period of not more than 6 weeks is suggest-
ed. Approximately 30 hours of theory should
be correlated with the practice.
Guidelines for course content are also
included in the booklet.
United Nurses of Montreal
Seek Accreditation
The leg31 counsel for the newly-organized
United Nurses of Montreal, Mr. Phil Cutter,
has announced that the UNM will seek to
obtain accreditation from the Quebec
Labour Relations Board to negotiate as
bargaining agent for the 28 Montre31 hos-
pitals in which English-speaking nurses are
in the majority.
The gener31 meeting, in setting up the
constitution, stipulated that 311 nurses who
are English-speaking members of the ANPQ
could join the UNM. In fact, the UNM
was founded following a meeting of the
English-speaking chapter of district 11 at
which 1,200 nurses resolved to form a union
to negotiate on working conditions.
At a meeting of some 600 nurses on
December 14, Miss Moyra Allen, instructor
at the McGill School for Graduate Nurses
and president of the English-speaking
chapter of District 11 of the Association of
Nurses of the Province of Quebec, was
elected president of the UNM. Other offi-
cers elected were: Miss Terry MacMillen,
vice-president; Miss L. Short, secretary; Miss
C. Mutmuir, treasurer; and Misses T. Ni-
chols, M. Powers, and A. H31I, directors.
At present the UNM has 31ready recruited
a majority of the approximately 4,800
English-speaking nurses who work in the
Montreal region.
Another group of nurses, the Metropoli-
tan Association of Nurses, was formed in
Montre31 at the end of November, 1966,
and is 31so seeking accreditation from the
Labour Relations Board.
Nurses Await Satisfactory
Negotiations with Employers
Ontario public he31th nurses in the coun-
ties of Halton, Stormont-Dundas-Glengarry,
and Peel are still awaiting satisfactory
outcomes to their negotiations with
employers.
In Halton County, the nurses returned
to work on November 7th, with the verbal
understanding that negotiations would start
immediately on their return. On November
23 the nurses learned that the Council had
back-tracked on its promise. The County
Council announced that it would not nego-
tiate with the nurses until they had become
certified under the Labour Relations Act.
The H31ton County public health nurses
are presently considering alternative courses
8 THE CANADIAN NURSE
of action. They have no immediate plans
for certification.
In the United Counties of Stormont-
Dundas-Glengarry, the public he31th nurses
returned to work on December 19. three
months after handing in their resignations
when employers refused to negotiate sala-
ries and working conditions with them. They
returned to work with a written promise
that a negotiating committee would be
established, and that the board was prepared
"to negotIate in good faith" with them.
At press-time, no employer-employee ne-
gotiations had been initiated.
In Peel County, which has 31so been grey-
listed by RNAO, public health nurses are
awaiting the report of a conciliator, who
was appointed in November by the Ontario
Labour Relations Board. It is probable that
a conciliation board will be set up as a
recommendation of this report. According
to RNAO News, "the ability of Peel County
Board of Health to negotiate in good faith
has not yet been demonstrated and the
situation is becoming criticaL"
"No Smoking" Literature
For Bedside Tables
A joint committee of the Canadian Med-
ical Association, the Canadian Hospital
Association and the Canadian Nurses' As-
sociation suggested that the three associa-
tions should support the CMA campaign
to publicize the harmful effects of smok-
ing.
At a meeting early in December the com-
mittee agreed that the CMA, working with
the Department of National Health and
Welfare, was the appropriate body to notify
the public of the health hazaJd from smok-
ing.
It was also suggested that the CHA
could recommend to hospitals that a notice
prepared "by the Department of National
Health and endorsed by the CMA and
CHA be placed on all bedside tables in
hospitals.
Hospital Fringe Benefits
Below National Averagt>
In t 965, Canadian hospitals paid an
average of $689 in fringe benefits for each
employee. However, this was barely half
the national average of $ t ,350 per employee
of other Canadian industries.
These figures were disclosed in the
December issue of Hospital Administration
in Canada, which pointed out that 20.8
percent of total hospital payroll costs
went toward fringe benefits. The overall
national average of fringe benefits to pay-
roll is 25.2 percent.
According to the article, the highest
percentage of the fringe benefits given
to hospital employees was for paid time
off work. This was much higher than for
any other group. Paid time off work in-
c1udes vacation pay, holidays with pa}
rest periods and coffee breaks, paid tim
off for death in the family, jury and militar
duty.
Hospitals rank very low in percentag
of payroll benefits devoted to unemplo}'
ment and workmen's compensation and i
contributary pension and other welfar
programs in comparison to the nationa
average.
Hospitals ranked higher in other non
cash benefits, such as cafeteria losse!
medical supplies to employees, parkin
education, and laundry services.
The article was based on a study b
The Thorn Group Ltd., managemer
consultants, Toronto. This was the firm'
sixth report on "Employer fringe benef]
costs in Canada," but the first time th
hospitals were included in the survey.
National Ht>alth and Welfare
The Year in Review
The year 1966 was a year of hand
across the sea and expanded social secunt
across the nation for the Department c
National Health and Welfare.
On the international scene, the Emel
gency Health Services Division sent I
emergency hospitals to Viet Nam and DJ
Joseph W. Willard, Deputy Minister (]
Welfare, was elected chairman of th
Executive Board of UNICEF.
In the field of social security, the newe!
development was the announcement of th
Guaranteed Income Supplement, whic
will provide up to $360 a year to abot
900,000 Old Age Security pensioners wit
modest or no other income.
The major expansion of the department'
health facilities was completion of th
Environmental Health Centre in Oltaw
opened officially in October by the: M
nister, Hon. Allan J. MacEachen. The ne\
building accomodates laboratories and 01
fices of the Occupational Health Divisior
the Public Health Engineering Divisio
and the Consultant in Aerospace Medicinf
The Medical Care Act was passed b
Parliament at the end of the year and wil
become operative not later than July I
1968. The provisions of this statute wer
based on four principles outlined by th
Prime Minister in July, 1965, when he an
nounced the government's intention 10
make federal contributions for provinciall
administered medical care programs avaï
able to the provinces. For provinces t,
benefit from the federal program, provin
cial plans must provide comprehensiv
physicians' services to all residents of th
province without regard to age, abilit
to payor other circumstances. Further
more, the Act empowers the governmen
under stated circumstances to include add
tional health services. Provincial program
must be publicly administered and bene
(Continued on page n
FEBRUARY 196:
Blands of Montreal
FEATURE STYLE, COMFORT AND LONG WEAR
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:EBRUARY 1%7
THE CANADIAN NURSE 9
\;\'ORKSHOPS FOR
DIRECTORS AND
D
ASSIST ANT DIRECTORS
Six regionol workshops for directors or ossistont directors of nursing service in hospitals
will be conducted in 1967. The topic: Improvement of Nursing Service in Hospitals Through
the Problem-Solving Method.
The workshops aim at stimulating directors and assistant directors of nursing service to use
the problem-solving approach in the administration of nursing services. Key speakers will
discuss techniques of problem-solving. Major problems in nursing services in Canada will be
discussed. n.rough group work and case study methods skills in problem-solving will be
developed.
Two workshops will
Region
Atlantic
West
And four in the Fall:
Region
Ontario
Mid-West
Ontario
Quebec
be held in the Spring:
City
Halifax
Vancouver
Dote
April 11-14, 1967
May 2-5, 1967
City
Toronto
Regina
London
Quebec City
Dote
October 17-20, 1967
October 24-27, 1967
November 7-10, 1967
Nov. 28-Dec. 1, 1967
Exact locations will be announced later.
The workshop to be held in Quebec city will be conducted in the French language only.
English language nurses in the province of Quebec are invited to attend one of the work-
shops held in Ontario. French language nurses in New Brunswick are invited to attend the
workshop in Quebec city.
The workshops are open to directo
or assistant directors of nursing service in hospitals.
Registration is limited to 60 persons. The registration fee is $50.00. Because of the nature
of the workshop only full-time registrants can be accepted.
Here is an opportunity for directors and assistant directors of nursing service:
. to sharpen skills in problem-solving within a
"training laboratory" environment;
. to learn how problem-solving can be facilitated through group work;
. to stimulate orderly thinking toward the improvement of
nursing service;
. to identify the leadership role of the director of nursing service
and/or assistant director of nursing service in problem-solving and
decision making.
Interested! then plan now to attend the workshop in your area. Register early and avoid
disappointment.
I wish to register for the CNA Regional Workshop for Directors or
Assistant Directors of Nursing Service in Hospitals held in :
o Halifax 0 Regina
o Vancouver 0 London
o Toronto 0 Quebec City
Name
Title of Position
Years in Position
Name of Hospital
City or Town
Qualifications beyond RN
I enclose postal note (bank money order) for $
payable to the Canadian Nurses' Association.
Number of Beds
MAIL TO:
CANADIAN NURSES' ASSOCIATION
50 The Driveway
Ottawa 4, Ontario
10 THE CANADIAN NURSE
news
(Continued from paRe 8)
fits must be portable from province te
province, thus ensuring the national char-
acter of the plan. The amount of the
federal contribution will be based on the
average cost of insured services in particip.
ating provinces and will be calculated on
a per capita basis.
Canada's need for more trained health
personnel was recognized in July with the
passage of the Health Resources Fund
Act. It provides a fund of $500,OOO,OOC
over 15 years to assist in acquisition. con.
struction, renovation and equipping 01
health training facilities and research insti
tutions. The federal payments for an)
projects will be up to 50 percent of the
total cost. The balance need not, as ill
some federal-provincial programs, be
provided by the provincial government,
but may be supplied by any source designat-
ed by the province.
The Smoking and Health Program added
two major weapons to its arsenal - a
teacher's kit with completely Canadian
content and an animated film, The Drag.
The film, directed at teenagers, is bein
given theatrical screening across Canada.
A strong new link in the chain connecting
smoking and fatal diseases such as lung
cancer was forged by a recently published I
report of the department's Epidemiolog)
Division. It gives the results of a study
conducted from 1956 to 1962 on the mort-
ality rates of smokers compared to non-
smokers. Those surveyed were recipient
of pensions from the Department of Vete.
rans Affairs.
The new Canada Assistance Plan is a
federal-provincial measure designed to in-
tegrate existing public assistance programs
and to share for the first time the cost of
Mothers Allowances, health care, exten-
sions of welfare and administrative services.
and work activity projects. The program
places emphasis on the rehabilitation of
recipients to overcome and reduce depen-
dency on assistance and represents a signi-
ficant step in updating and rounding out
Canada's social security system.
It was a year of intensive activity for
the Canada Pension Plan. National head-
quarters in Ottawa and 37 district of-
fices across the country were established
and began processing the first applications
for retirement pensions. which started
January, 1967. Services provided to the
public by staff of these offices include:
receiving applications for benefits, assist-
ing in the completion of applications, coun-
seling, explaining pension computations
and furnishing other information on the
Plan.
(Continued 011 page 12)
FEBRUARY 1967
Making the Best Better
/".
,
I
""
"
'"
"
New 7th Edition!
TEXTBOOK OF ANATOMY
AND PHYSIOLOGY
Now in a new 7th edition, this highly successful text provides
the basic facts and principles of body structure and function
in a well-organized form. Student comprehension and interest
are increased through the two-color format and the superb
selection of illustrations, as well as the newly expanded full-
color Trans-Vision@ insert. This new edition gives thorough
coverage to the newer findings in all areas of anatomy and
physiology, omits the abundant detail which tends to confuse
students and places more emphasis on organizing facts about
explicitly stated principles. New learning aids include a list
of abbreviations widely used in physiology and a list of
common prefixes in scientific words. A new test manual is
provided without charge to all instructors who use this book
as the required text.
By CATHERINE PARKER ANTHONY, B.A., M.S., R.N. lIIustrat.d by ERNEST W.
BECK. Publication date: April, 1967. 7.... edition, approx. 570 pag.., 7" x 1a'.
About $8.40.
New 7th Edition!
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
LABORATORY MANUAL
The new 7th edition of this popular laboratory manual
presents a streamlined method for recording results of experi-
ments and interpretations of those results, includes a greater
number of physiological experiments than previous editions,
suggests more audiovisual aids, includes chapter outlines and
self-tests. A time-saving answer book is provided without
charge to all instructors adopting this manual.
By CATHERINE PARKER ANTHONY, B.A., M.S., R.N. lIIustrat.d by ERNEST W.
BECK. Publication date: May, 1967, 7111 edition. About $4.00.
The C. V. MOSBY Company, ltd. Publishers
New editions of outstandingly successful
Mosby texts-improved and perfected
to meet your changing needs
New 4th Edition!
MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING
The most widely adopted text of its kind, now in a new
4th edition, this authoritative text continues to offer the
most practical, up-to-date integration of all information
required for the effective care and management of the
patient who is medically ill and/or undergoing surgical
treatment.
This new 4th edition has been improved and perfected,
providing you with a wealth of new material on patient
care. Now more than ever before, you can give your
students a thorough understanding of "total patient
care." All chapters and illustrations have been exten-
sively revised in the light of today's changing concepts
in health care and medical treatment.
Throughout this extensive revision two important con-
cepts in nursing care have been stressed: ( 1) the en-
larged concept of prevention-prevention of progression
or of complications of disease, and prevention of limita-
tions in living if handicaps do occur; and (2) the role
the patient's family plays in the patient's progress.
You will find instruction in the actual clinical situation
made easier through the inclusion of the principles of
anatomy, physiology and the social sciences as they
relate to care of sick people on each age level. Addi-
tional aids are the two-color format, assuring greater
readability, the study questions at the beginning of each
chapter, and a detailed bibliography. A 32-page Teach-
ing Guide is given to all instructors adopting this text.
By KATHLEEN NEWTON SHAFER, R.N., M.A.; JANET R. SAWYER, R.N.,
A.M.; AUDREY M. McCLUSKEY, R.N., M.A., Sc.M.Hyg.; and EDNA LlFGREN
BECK, R.N., M.A. Publication date: April, 1967. 4111 edition, apprax. 860
pag.., 7" x 10", 236 illustrations. About $10.80.
A New Book!
PRINCIPLES OF OBSTETRICS AND
GYNECOLOGY FOR NURSES
Utilizing a concise, fundamental approach to obstetrics
and gynecology, this new book can give YOUT students
an understanding of the foundations, theory and clinical
nursing practice as they concern fetal development, de-
livery, gynecologic complications and pathology. The
fundamental concepts and principles necessary for the
basics of nursing of the mother and child are clearly
defined.
By JOSEPHINE IORIO, R.N. Publication date: May, 1967. Apprax. 332
pag.., 6Y.' x 9%", 75 Illustrations. About $7.40.
.
86 Northline Road
. Toronto 16, Ontario
R
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NOTE: Order for 1, 2 or 3 penons on aboye
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"Oitterent" Ideas lor Gills and favors, Too!
12 THE CANADIAN NURSE
news
(Continued from page 10)
No.
169
Catholic Nurses Meet
The Association of Catholic Nurses of
Canada, in conjunction with the National
Council of Catholic Nurses of the United
States. will host the North American
regional congress. The congress will be
held in Montreal June 20 to 22, 1967 within
the framework of the Expo 67 theme. The
congress theme will be "Suffering of Man
and His World."
His Eminence, Cardinal Léger, Father
Tillard, O.P., and Dr. Eleanor C. Lamber-
tson, dean of the faculty of nursing at Co-
lumbia University in New York. will be
among the invited speakers.
The program will include seminars as well
as group meetings. An invitation to the
congress is extended to Catholic nurses all
over the world.
Barrie Students Raise Funds
for Overseas Student
"Our Chinese Girl" is the favorite ex-
pression among nursing students at the
Royal Victoria. Hospital in Barrie, Onl.
Since Miss Catherine M. Brown, director of
the Royal Victoria Regional School of Nurs-
ing, informed the students of a letter of
application from Miss Cecilia Chiu, a For-
mosan girl, the students have adopted a big
sister attitude toward her.
They have taken it upon themselves, as-
sisted by the Royal Victoria Hospital School
of Nursing, to raise money to assist Miss
Chiu with her entrance fees and expenses.
Miss Brown received Miss Chiu's letter of
application in July. Her academic standing
was acceptable by provincial standards, and
the young lady would have been accepted
for the first class of the new regional school.
However, the time-consuming factors of
mail delivery overseas and the trip to Barrie
would have made her arrive too late to
enter that class.
Miss Chiu, having been informed that the
school entrance fee was $200, and knowing
that she would need money to live on while
in Canada, believed that she would need
another $500. She mentioned in her letters
that she had enough money saved for her
passage to Toronto, and that she would
keep her secretarial position in Formosa
during this year, but she would still likely
need financial help.
It was at this point that the studen"
began their money-raising campaign. The
students have a permanent baby-sitting pro-
gram whereby one-half the money goes to
the fund. They also have held a benefit
dance, a hay ride, a hockey raffle and a
hockey pool. Through the generosity of a
local service ..tat ion operator. the ..tudenls
held a gas-o-rama at which they received
a commission on every gallon of gas they
pumped. They have also received several
offers of help and several donations from
individuals in the area.
To date, they have raised $336, with a
goal of $500-$600. They are still looking
for imaginative ways to raise the resl.
When asked why they were doing this for
a girl they had never seen, Miss Mary
Ellen Empringham, chairman of the fund-
raising committee replied: "Because she has
made such an earnest effort to manage her
passage here. we do not feel she should be
deprived of her wish. We also believe that
nurses are to help people and, even though
we are far from being nurses, we believe thi..
campaign, its challenge, and the accomplish-
ment of our goal will furnish a test of our
qualities and characters as future nurse.....
New Method for
Early Cancer Detection
Investigations that began JO years
ago at the Royal Victoria Hospital in
Montreal are leading researchers to believe
that "heat pictures" or thermograms of
the thorax could be the best method of
detecting breast cancers, the commonest
tumors in women.
Detection of breast cancer at a very early
stage is not usually possible by ordinary
techniques. However, since at least 90 per-
cent of patients with breast cancer show ab-
normal temperature variations of 10C or
more in the breast skin over the lesion,
doctors feel that this sign should be ex-
ploited as for as possible. There is also
evidence that the degree of malignancy is
related to the degree of temperature eleva-
tion.
Now, a Canadian breast surgeon, Ray
N. Lawson, has developed a method of
producing heat pictures of the thorax that
clearly portrays these temperature varia-
tions. Dr. Lawson uses infra-red radiation
devices plus a scanning or image-producing
device that gives a two-dimensional map
or thermogram. The device is similar to
the radar screens used on ships or in air-
plane towers, except that it is sensitive to
heat variations.
Investigations are currently underway to
engineer improved electronic gear for
displaying temperature patterns. "At pre-
sent, military needs have a much higher
priority than those of medical research,"
says Dr. Lawson. "Knowledge of certain
new advances in thermal physics that would
help advance our techniques is presently
unavailable to medical researchers."
Engineering research in thermdl physics
is also particularly costly. Since Novem-
ber, 1966, however, the American Cancer
Society has been sponsoring a program to
evaluate the use of thermography diagnosis
in breast cancer, and some enthusiastic
reports have already been given.
FEBRUARY 1967
news
Using new techniques, scanning of large
body surfaces takes less than a minute and
permanent records of the area can be
available for study 10 seconds after the
scan.
The new scanning techniques would also
be applicable in other medical areas, such
as placenta location in obstetrics, arthritic
disease, dennatology and arteriosclerosis.
It is now established in some clinics as a
most useful aid in cancer detection, evalua-
tion of benign conditions. and follow-up
surveys searching for cancer spread.
Toronto's Street Haven
Started by RN
Street Haven, a refuge in Toronto for
prostitutes, drug addicts, alcoholics, and
lesbians, owes its existence to a thirty-year
old registered nurse who has a big heart
and a faith in human nature to match.
Peggy Ann Walpole, a graduate of St.
Michael's Hospital School of Nursing in
Toronto, and now executive director of
Street Haven, started this refuge for female
offenders in March, 1965. At that time
the Haven consisted of one room - an
unused beverage room in an old hotel -
and had no official financial backing.
Today, as a non-sectarian organization
that uses the services of more than 50
volunteer workers, the Haven occupies
2,000 square feet above a store in down-
town Toronto and contains bright, airy
living rooms, an office, and a large kitchen.
A monthly budget of $2,100 is made up of
grants from the Alcoholism and Drug Ad-
diction Research Foundation, Eaton's, priv-
ate donors, and the United Church of
Canada.
The idea of establishing a refuge for
Women who are "at the bottom of the lad-
der" came to Miss Walpole after she had
read The Junkie Priest, by Father Daniel
Egan, founder of a similar haven in New
York. Before reading this book, she had
become convinced that something other
than the usual halfway house was needed
for women who had been caught in the
web of narcotic addiction, prostitution,
and petty crime.
"No woman is an addict or a prostitute
by nature," says Miss Walpole, who en-
countered many such persons as a nurse
at St. Michael's, at a halfway house in
Toronto, and at the city's Don Jail. "Usual-
ly she is pressured into the life. All too
often she is released from prison without
money, without worthwhile friends, with-
out a job, and with no place to go. When
she returns to crime, it is for survivaL"
The average age of the girls at the Haven
is 23. Some come voluntarily for assistance,
others are escorted by the police, or are
FEBRUARY 1967
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Miss Peggy Ann Walpole, R.N., founder and executive director of Street Haven.
a Toronto refuge for female offenders, chats with luncheon visitors in the
Haven's public tearoom. Eaton's of Canada helped furnish this room.
referred by the courts. Recently, two young
girls were brought to the Haven by an old
prostitute from a brothel where the girls
had been living.
At the Haven. the girls are accepted and
given individual attention by Miss Walpole
and her volunteers. The informal therapy
consists of discussion groups, including
Sunday evening sessions with young men
from a Youth Anonymous group from
Hamilton; recreational activities. such as
bridge, ping-pong, darts, and a weekly
hootenanny; instruction in the techniques
of serving and cooking for Street Haven's
tearoom, which is open to the public; and
arts and crafts. Some girls are directed to
adult retraining centers for clerical courses;
others are assigned small housekeeping
responsibilities in the Haven.
The volunteers, all of whom are inex-
perienced when they come to Street Haven,
involve themselves in all aspects of work.
They write to and visit girls who are in
hospital and jail; arrange to meet them on
discharge from jail; pick up donations of
furniture and clothing; assist with secre-
tarial work; go on emergency calls to hos-
pitals, and often to the "corners"; and
attend court sessions.
Nurses interested in volunteer work at
the Haven should write: Street Haven, 2
Teraulay Street, Toronto, Ontario.
B.G.H. Receives
Building Grant
The Belleville General Hospital has been
awarded a federal grant of $995,900 for
construction and renovation programs.
The hospital will add a new wing to its
present building to provide space for 293
active treatment beds and 44 beds for the
care of psychiatric patients. The wing will
also contain new operating rooms, x-ray
department. laboratories and other facilities.
Renovations to be carried out In the
existing north wing will provide for an
86-bed chronic care unit. Other renovations
will include improvements to nurses' sta-
tions. the enlargement of the physiotherapy
department. modernization of the laundry,
and additional space for the kitchen.
Work is already underway and is schedul-
ed for completion about November, 1967.
New Services at
L'lnstitut Albert Prévost
Since the beginning of December. I1nstitut
Albert Prévost in Montreal has offered the
Quebec population three new psychiatric
services: a diagnostic center. a day-care
center. and a center for disturbed adoles-
cents. This new undertaking aims to permit
easier access by the public to specialized psy-
chiatric services.
The diagnostic center permits centraliza-
tion of all applications for care. Immediate
consultation is available for patients who
come to the center and appointments will
be made within 24 hours for those who tele-
phone. After a preliminary evaluation,
patients can be directed to the appropriate
services. The outpatient clinic will now be
limited to treatment of ambulatory patients.
The day-care center can accomodate 20
persons. These come to the hospital several
days each week from 9:00 A.M. to 4.00
P. M. These patients are those who. follow-
ing hospitalization. require a period of
adaptation to life outside the institution.
those who need medical supervision, or those
who do not need continuous hospital treat-
ment but who will benefit from institutional
services on a day basis. Experiments in other
centers have shown that hospitalization can
be reduced and often avoided. Therapeutic
techniques center around group therapy and
activities.
(Continued on page 14)
THE CANADIAN NURSE 13
Gynecologist's Claim Investigated
An American gynecologist is being in-
vestigated by the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration, according to Canadian
Doctor, for claiming that oral contracep-
tives prevent menopause.
Dr. Robert A. Wilson, of Brooklyn,
New York, made the claim in his recently
published book Feminine Forever.
FDA spokesmen said the statement is
being investigated to determine whether it
extends beyond claims made for the con-
traceptives on labeling approved by the
Administration.
An advisory committee which recently
news
(Continued from page 13)
The center for dislUrbed adolescents pro-
vides beds for 10 patients and is reserved
for boys from 14 to 18 years. This service
brings to 160 the number of beds for
adolescents of both sexes in the Montreal
region. The center is attached to the child
psychiatry division.
The outpatient clinic and the day-care
center will eventually include adolescents of
both sexes.
ONE-STEP PREP
"
with
FLEET ENEM
sÙzgle dose
disposable unit
FLEET ENEMA's Fast prep time obsoletes soap and
water procedures. The enema does not require warm-
ing. It can be used at room temperature. It avoids the
ordeal of injecting large quantities of fluid into the
bowel, and the possibility of water intoxication.
The patient should preFerably be lying on the leFt side
with the knees flexed, or in the knee-chest position.
Once the protective cap has been removed, and the
prelubricated anatomically correct rectal tube gently
inserted, simple manual pressure on the container
does the rest! Care should be taken to ensure that
the contents of the bowel are completely expelled. LeFt
DIo.I.,&
colon catharsis is normally achieved in two to five
minutes, with little or no mucosal irritation, pain or
spasm. IF a patient is dehydrated or debilitated,
hypertonic solutions such as FLEET ENEMA, must
be administered with caution. Repeated use at short
intervals is to be avoided. Do not administer to children
under six months of age unless directed by a physician.
And afterwards, no scrubbing, no sterilisation, no
preparation For re-use. The complete FLEET ENEMA
unit is simply discarded!
Every special plastic "squeeze-bottle" contains 4'h
fl. oz. of precisely Formulated solution, so that the
adult dose of 4 fl. oz. can be easily expelled. A patented
diaphragm prevents leakage and reverse flow, as well
as ensuring a comFortable rate of administration.
Each J 00 cc. of FLEET ENEMA confains:
Sodium biphosphate _ _ . 16 gm.
Sodium phosphate . . . . . . . . . . .. 6 gm.
For our brochure: "The Enema: Indicatians and Techniques",
containing full information, write to: Professional Service
Department, Charles E. Frosst & Co., P.O. Bax 247,
Montreal 3, P.Q.
j
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A QUALITY PHARMACEUTICALS
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14 THE CANADIAN NURSE
completed a nice-month study of contra-
ceptives reported no data indicating that
any of the oral type are effective in altering
the natural history of patients.
An assistant to the FDA Commissioner
said the issue is "a very involved legal
question."
Metabolic Research Ward
Opens in Winnipeg
Winnipeg Children's Hospital, Manitoba,
opened a new ward for the diagnosis and
treatment of metabolic disorders in children
in mid-January, 1967.
By coordinating the efforts of medica]
and parameòical personnel, dietitians, bio-
chemists, pharmacists, nurses, occupationaJ
therapists, and social services, the metabolic
ward will provide a complete range of
services for both diagnosis and treatment of
these disorders. I
The unit will also offer services on an I
outpatient basis, and conduct educational
programs in the home management of meta-
bolic disorders.
The diagnosis of metabolic disorders is
often delicate and painstaking and requires
the young patients to undergo series of
tests including careful measurement of die- I
tary intake and excretions. Apparatus for
collecting specimens from young children I
plus storage facilities for these specimens I
will be standard equipment in the new ward.
Of the more than 100 metabolic disorden
that have been diagnosed, some are tem.
porary while others require a lifetime 01
treatment. By opening its new ward, the
Winnipeg Children's Hospital is joining the
fight to lower the dea.th rate among childrel1 I
suffering from such diseases.
Mrs. Manfred Jager, appointed head
nurse on the ward, prepared for her ne'" I
position by inspecting metabolic wards ill
Toronto, Boston, and Montreal. Mrs. Jager
a graduate of the Winnipeg Children's Hos-
pital, worked there as staff nurse and assis.
tant evening supervisor, and assisted in esta-
blishing a day hospital for children at the
Mount Carmel Clinic in Winnipeg.
The ward, to be located in the "four south
section of the hospital," will be specially
equipped with both the personnel and appa-
ratus necessary to diagnose the disorders.
No Gyn on Obs!
New Jersey has stopped hospitals in that
state from combining the care óf obstetric
and gyneologic patients on the same nursing
unit, according to an item in RN.
The December issue of the nursing
magazine reported that a three-year pilot
study had been stopped by the state be-
cause the hospitals involved in the research
often violated the s!rict rules governing
the admission of gyneologic patients to
the maternity floors. "If pilot hospitals
under close check ignore such criteria,
other hospitals are even more likely to do
so," said one state official.
(Continued on page 16)
FEBRUARY 1967
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GO!... Where the ACTION is!
.
· Mrs. Helen Middleworth, Director, Nursing Service
· Albany Medical Center Hospital
.
. Albany, New York 12208
Albany Medical Center, that's where. A modern teaching hos- .
pital perfectly located in beautiful upstate New York . . . on .
the doorstep of New York City's bright lights . . . exciting .
horse racing at Saratoga. . . summer homes of the Philadelphia ·
and Boston Symphony Orchestras. . . scenic lake George . .. ·
.
and the greatest skiing in the East. .
Our nursing opportunities are tops, too. For details, send for ·
our free booklet, "Albany Medical Center Nurse." ·
.
.
Albany Medical Center Hospital :
Please send me a free copy of your nursing booklet.
NAME ................. ...... ...... .,___. ......
ADDRESS _. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
:E8RUARY 1967
CITY ...............STATE ...........ZIP......
THE CANADIAN NURSE 15
MOVING
?
.
DON'T FORGET YOUR
CHANGE OF ADDRESS
Name:
Registration No.:
(If registered in two provinces,
please give both.)
Province:
Old Address:
New Address:
Date effective:
Allow at least six weeks
for change of address
Mail to:
The Canadian Nurse
50 the Driveway
Ottawa 4, Onto
16 THE CANADIAN NURSE
news
(Corzt;ll11ed from page /4)
"Operation Hospital Supplies"
Health Minister M. B. Dymond has an-
nounced plans for Ontario's Department of
Health to provide equipment for West Indies
hospitals. The project will be known as
"Operation Hospi
al Supplies."
Dr. Dymond revealed that several weeks
ago his Department had initiated a survey
throughout general and psychiatric hos-
pitals in Ontario to ascertain what surplus
equipment is on hand for disposal. Corres-
pondence with the Ministers of Health of the
West Indies had previously revealed that
most of the island hospitals lack many
pieces of equipment that Canadians asso-
ciate with a well-run hospital.
"Early survey returns received from a
few hospitals here in Ontario have been
more than gratifying," stated Dr. Dymond.
"I am confident Operation Hospital Supplies
wi1l prove to be a highly successful project
and most helpful to the people of the Carib-
bean. I feel aU Canadians can share a
sense of pride in the knowledge that a
Centennial project of this nature will add
to the health and well-being of their less
fortunate Commonwealth partners," he ad-
ded.
Equipment such as beds, bedpans, tables,
trays, kidney basins is being requested. All
Ontario hospitals, including their medical
and nursing staffs have been invited to sup-
port Operation Hospital Supplies throughout
1967.
RNAO Recommends Change
In Public Health Act
An amendment to Ontario's Public
Health Act was one of the recommenda-
tions submitted by the Registered Nurses'
Association of Ontario to the provincial
government's Committee on the Healing
Arts last December.
RNAO recommended "that the Public
Health Act be amended to ensure that
nursing service prQvided by public health
nurses be an integral part of any public
health unit." The present Act allows a
public health unit to function with the
provision of nursing services to the com-
munity. This, in effect, means that the
community is not guaranteed the services
of public health nurses.
In addition to denying the community
of nursing services, this omission in the
Act has another ramification, according
to the RNAO brief. "There are implica-
tions for public health nurses who might
wish to become involved in negotiating
with their employer, as it is quite within
his rights to discontinue public health nur-
sing services without closing down the
unit."
ICN Council of International
Representatives to Meet in July
The Board of Directors of the Interna-
tional Council of Nurses discussed the
tentative agenda for the meeting of the
Council of National Representatives to be
held June 26 to July 1, 1967 at Evian,
France. The agenda includes suggested
plans for the next ICN Quadrennial Con-
gress to be held in Montreal in July, 1969.
The executive director and the president
of the Canadian Nurses' Association will
attend on behalf of Canada. The other 63
member countries are expected to send
representatives also.
At this meeting the theme for the 1969
Congress will be chosen. Seventeen national
member associations, including Canada, have
submitted suggested themes. The subjects
reflect the wide concern of the associations
for the adaptation of nursing to the tech-
nological age and their interest in nursing
research and nursing administration.
Pharmaceutical Firm Expands
Construction of a new wing is well under
way at The British Drug Houses (Canada)
Ltd., and the building is scheduled for
completion in early 1967. Twelve thousand
square feet on two floors are being added
to the existing plant in surburban Toronto,
at a cost of $750,000.
The increased laboratory facilities will
enable BDH to play an even greater part in
research and development of medical pro-
ducts, laboratory chemicals and general
chemicals, according to Mr. F. Burke.
managing director of the company.
Winners Fly to
Easter Island
A jet trip to Easter Island is in the im- I
mediate future for Mr. and Mrs. G.H' I
Pimm of 251 Park Road, Rockcliffe, Ot-
tawa. Mr. Pimm is the winner of the Easter
Island contest mentioned in the August
1965 issue of THE CANADIAN NURSE.
Purpose of the contest was to raise mone)
to pay for trailers left on Easter Island b)
the Canadian Medical Expedition.
In an article "Aku-Aku And Medicine
Men" (August 1965), Carlotta Hacker.
staff member of the expedition, explained
how the trailers were left. During a two-
month medical survey conducted on the
island by Dr. Skoryna, the 37 team mem-
bers lived and worked in ACTA trailers
which they donated to the Pascuenses on
their departure "as a much-needed annex
to the hospital and as a permanent biologi-
cal station."
Following the article, a contest was an-
nounced to help pay for the trailers. B)
becoming an Associate of the Easter Island
Expedition Society at the cost of $1.00,
one became eligible for a free trip to
Easter Island.
Mr. Pimm and his wife, winners of the
contest, will fly to the Island via Chile, by
Canadian Pacific Airways.
FEBRUARY 1967
I
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FEBRUARY 1967
o
'I
I
ç
When the
call is for IIStat."
diagnostic findings
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results in which you can have the utmost
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blood. The new firm, clear, plastic reagent strip permits
precise, reproducible readings in all 5 diagnostic areas.
DEXTROSTIX. Reagent Strips: provide a blood glucose
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CliNITEST. Reagent Tablets-provide a quick, reliable,
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AMES tests are easy to perform and require no elaborate
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of colour changes observed after testing, with colour charts
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 17
names
o n J a n u a r y 2,
1967, Tatiana La be-
koYSki wilJ take up
her duties as the first
director of the new
Cornwall Regional
School of Nursing.
Although the class-
rooms and residence
of the new school
are not yet under construction, Mrs. Labe-
kovski's appointment will mean "the begin-
ning of a concentrated effort to get things
ready for the new class," for September,
1967.
Mrs. Labekovski received her B.A. in
philosophy and philology from the Uni-
versity of Belgrade, Yugoslavia, and con-
tinued on toward a medical degree until her
studies were interrupted by World War H.
After her arrival in Canada, she grad-
uated from St. Joseph's School of Nursing
at Hotel Dieu Hospital, Cornwall, obtained
her diploma in nursing education from
Queen's University, and was a member
of the teaching faculty at the Cornwall
school of nursing for six years.
In the past four years, Mrs. Labekovski
has been assistant secretary, nursing edu-
ootion and service at the Toronto head of-
fice of the Registered Nurses' Association
of Ontario.
Mrs. Labekovski arrived in Cornwall
late this December to "settle in before
starting to work on her rather monumental
task."
All inquiries about the new school should
be directed to the schools of nursing at
either of the local hospitals. They will be
collected and held there until Mrs. Labe-
kovski has set up her office procedures.
At the end of November 1966, the
Canadian Nurses' Association in Ottawa
welcomed two interesting visitors - Miriam
M. Hornsby-Odoi and Ah Foo Chong -
both on World Health Organization fellow-
ships.
Mrs. Hornsby-Odoi, a native of Ghana,
was awarded a six-month fellowship com-
mencing November 14, 1966, to study
public health nursing administration in
Canada and the United States.
Since 1963 she has been principal public
health nurse with the ministry of health
in Accra, Ghana.
Following her study, Mrs. Hornsby-Odoi
plans to introduce and apply new practical
ideas to improve the organization of public
18 THE CANADIAN NURSE
health nursing service in Ghana.
Miss Ah Foo Chong, whose six-month
award began January 3, 1967, is studying
public health nursing administration at the
University of California and in San Fran-
cisco, Minnesota, New York, Washington,
Baltimore, and Canada.
Since 1963 Miss Ah Foo Chong has
served with the Ministry of Health, Kuala
Lumpur, Malaya as principal matron. In
this position she has administrative duties
at national level and is responsible to the
director of medical services for the develop-
ment and expansion of the health and
medical nursing service and nursing train-
ing programs.
The fellowship wilJ provide "an op-
portunity to work with nurses who are res-
ponsible for the administration of public
health nursing programs at the national,
state, and local levels in the U.S. and Ca-
nada." On her return home, Miss Ah Foo
Chong wilJ be in a position to apply "new
ideas in the development of these services,
and to analyze the existing public health
nursing services."
-,
- ..
Ramona Paplaul-
kal-Ramunal, a na-
tive of Lithuania, has
recently joined the
editorial staff of
L'INFIRMIÈRE CANA-
DlENNE.
Miss Paplauslcas-
Ramunas attended the
University of Ottawa
where she obtained her B.A. and B.Sc. in
1961. After graduation, she gained five
years' experience as a publications editor
with the Canadian Department of Agri-
culture.
A member of various organizations, Miss
Paplauskas-Ramunas has also held executive
positions with the Ottawa Citizenship Coun-
cil, Canadian Industrial Editors' Associa-
tion, and the Professional Institute of the
Public Service of Canada.
Recently appointed
to the newly esta-
blished position of
nursing advisor in
public health psy-
chiatry for The On-
tario Hospital, King-
ston, was Helen Eliza-
beth Etherington.
A graduate of the
I", .
"i!
':;
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1(iL
...
Mack Training School, St. Catharines,
Ontario, Miss Etherington has also received
postgraduate education in both public health
nursing and administration and supervision
in public health nursing from the Univer-
sity of Toronto. In 1963-64 she attended
the McGilJ School for Graduate Nurses
where she obtained a diploma in teaching
and supervision in public health nursing
with a major in psychiatric nursing.
Her experience has included two years
as a faculty member at The Ontario Hos-
pital School of Nursing, Kingston, and
seven years in various public health nursing
positions including that of supervisor of
public health nursing with the department
of health, Peterborough.
Helen Jean Hanel,
a 1953 graduate of the
school of nursing at
the Calgary General
Hospital, recently as-
sumed her new posi-
tion as director of
nursing at the Nanai-
mo Regional General
Hospital, Nanaimo,
British Columbia.
Prior to her new appointment, Mrs.
Hanel worked at the Royal Inland Hospital,
in Kamloops, B.C. as associate director of
nursing services. Other experience includes
two and one-half years as director of nur-
sing at the Union Hospital, Canora, Sas-
katchewan, and service as a general duty
nurse in St. Paul's Hospital, Saskatoon,
and the Union Hospital, Swift Current,
Saskatchewan.
Ena Maud Orr,
director of nursing
of the Ontario Hos-
pital, Brockville, On-
tario, for the past 35
years, retired Decem-
ber 31, 1966.
Mrs. Orr graduat-
ed from the Ontario
Hospital School of
Nursing, Toronto. In 1930 she was among
the second class to graduate in nursing
education from the University of Toronto.
Before assuming her duties as director
of nursing in Brockville, she was an in-
structor at the Ontario Hospital, Toronto.
Almost 400 nurses have graduated from
the school of nursing "which she shaped
and kept vigorous through the many
changes in nursing education."
n
.
FEBRUARY 1967
Barabara Ellemer.
has been appointed
assistant superinten-
dent of nursing educ-
ation for the Saskat-
chewan Department
of Education.
A 1958 graduate
of the school of nur-
sing of the Regina
:Jeneral Hospital, Mrs. Ellemers also ob-
ained a diploma in public health nursing
'rom the University of Saskatchewan, a
B.N. from McGill, and is presently work-
ng toward her M.A. at the University of
)askatchewan.
.
Prior to her present appointment, Mrs.
Ellemers served with the Victorian Order
Jf Nurses, the Saskatchewan Department
Jf Public Health, and the Regina City
Health Department. She also worked at
the Jewish General Hospital in Montreal
in 1962-63 as an instructor and during the
following year as a lecturer at the McGill
University School for Graduate Nurses.
Valerie O'Connor, former editor of the
International Nursing Review, recently be-
came the new editor of Hospital World.
Miss O'Connor, awarded the Gilchrist
Scholarship to study in Great Britain in
1961, was the first Australian nurse to
undertake an academic course in journalism.
On completion of her studies at the Regent
Street Polytechnic School of Journalism,
she joined the editorial staff of Nursing
Mirror. Subsequently she went to the Inter-
national Council of Nurses as public rela-
tions officer and editor of the Council's
publication.
Lelia Raymond of the United Kingdom,
has been appointed acting editor of the
International Nursing Review. Until recent-
ly, Miss Raymond was clinical instructor
at King's College Hospital, London, Eng-
land.
She undertook her basic nursing educa-
tion at King's College Hospital; her post-
basic nursing education includes a certifi-
cate for clinical instructor and teacher.
She has been joint editor of the King's
College Hospital Nurses League Journal,
which appears annually.
W.S. Hacon, former chief of the Emergen-
cy Health Services Division for the Depart-
ment of National Health and Welfare, reli-
quinshed his appointment recently to accept
a new position with the department.
Mr. Hacon is the new director of Health
Resources in the Department of National
Health and Welfare.
His successor in the Emergency Health
Services has yet to be appointed.
FEBRUARY 1967
Georg Feilotter, for-
mer instructor at the
Cornwall General
Hospital School of
Nursing, is the newly
appointed assistant di-
rector of nursing (ser-
vice) at the hospital.
I
Mr. Feilotter gra-
duated as a nurse in 1954 in his native
Gennany, and emigrated to Canada in
1960. His first Canadian appointment was
at the Victoria General Hospital in Win-
nipeg where he worked in medical-surgical
nursing. From 1962 to 1964 he was a head
nurse at the newly built Rehabilitation
Centre in Winnipeg.
Mr. Feilotter next attended the Univer-
sity of Ottawa where he obtained two
diplomas, one in rehabilitation nursing and
the other in teaching and administration.
He is presently doing part-time study lead-
ing to his B.Sc.N.
Mildred Irene Walker. who retired Novem-
ber 30, 1966 as senior nursing consultant in
the occupational health division of the
Department of National Health and Welfare
(THE CANADIAN NURSE, January, 1967) died
in hospital on January 16.
Miss Walker began her nursing career in
1924 with her graduation from the Victoria
Hospital School of Nursing, London, On-
tario. Her busy career was largely adminis-
trative and included experience as a lecturer,
assistant professor, and public health nurse.
Miss Walker became senior nursing consul-
tant in 1949, a position she maintained until
her retirement last November.
"A gifted Ontario woman," and a great
Canadian nurse, Edith MacPherson Dickson,
died recently after a long and active life.
The number of highlights in her profes-
sional career indicate the major role she
played on the Canadian nursing scene.
After graduating from the Toronto Gen-
eral Hospital School of Nursing, where she
was noted "as being a leader" by Mary
Agnes Snively, founder of the Canadian
Nurses' Association, Miss Dickson went to
Weston as superintendent of nurses for the
Toronto Tuberculosis Hospital.
During the fonnative years of 1920-22
Miss Dickson served a tenn as president of
CNA. She was also the driving force that
led to the passing of the Ontario Registration
Act.
One of the first three recipients of the
Mary Agnes Snively Medal for outstanding
accomplishments in nursing in Canada, Miss
Dickson was also awarded an honorary life
membership in CNA in 1958.
Her many activities included membership
on the committee to erect a national memo-
rial in the Hall of Fame, Parliament Build-
ings, Ottawa, in honor of nurses who lost
their lives in the First World War.
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Try the Mt. Sinai Hos-
pital of Cleveland which
offers $500 a month be-
ginning salaries, educa-
tional opportunities, and
job satisfaction - all in
the cultural center 'of the
city. Write to Nurse Re-
cruiter, Dept. CA for more
information.
THE MOUNT SINAI
HOSPITAL OF CLEVELAND
Uninrsiry Cirde . Clevellnd, O.io 4-4106
THE CANADIAN NURSE 19
Save hours of your time D 1 1 @
by replacing the enema with... U CO ax Suppositories
,
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,
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...
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J
Even modern enema equipment is cumbersome and time-.
consuming to assemble. Irrigation poles, bags, tubing,
bedpans-all must be drawn from Central Supply, in-
spected and brought to the bedside. It cuts into your valu-
able morning time and becomes a real burden when you
have several patients needing enemas.
And, more often than not, your patients are distressed at
the prospect of discomfort and loss of dignity-especially
the elderly, the seriously ill, or postpartum and post-
surgical patients.
Dulcolax (brand of bisacodyl)
Dulcolax Suppositories 10 mg
Dulcolax Suppositories for Children 5 mg
Dulcolax Tablets 5 mg
"
Dulcolax Suppositories offer a sure, simple way to elimi-
nate the enema routine. One small suppository is inserted
in seconds. You like the simplicity and convenience-
patients are grateful to be spared the ordeal of an enema.
Dulcolax Suppositories usually act in 15 minutes to I hour,
so you can time evacuations and reduce accidents. You
can finish the whole ward in less time, with Jess effort,
less soiled linen.
Boehringer Ingelheim Products
Division of Geigy (Canada) Limited, Montreal
8-S 113-6S
dates
February 9-10, 1967
Meeting of Standing Committee on
Nursing Education, CNA House,
Ottowa.
End of March
Institutes for Instructors
Ramada Inn, Vancouver, B.C.
A two-day institute sponsored by the
Registered Nurses' Association of B.C.
March 19 and 22, 1967
Deportment of Notional Health and
Welfare, Notional maternal and
Child health conference.
Talisman M.otor Hotel, Ottowa.
Inquiries: Dr. Jean Webb, Chief.
Child and Maternal Health Division,
Deportment of Notional Health and
Welfare. Brooke Claxton Building,
Ottowa 3, Ontario.
April 28, 1967
Nurses' institute on respiratory
disease, Notional Museum, Otta
a.
For information write The Canadian
Tuberculosis Association, 343
O'Connor Street, Ottowa 4.
May 4-6, 1967
St. Boniface Hospital, School of
Nursing, 25th Reunion of the 1942
graduating closs.
Would members of the 1942
graduating closs please write to Miss
F.E. Taylor. R.N., 10123-122 Street.
Edmonton.
May 8-12, 1967
Notional League for Nursing, Biennial
Convention. Theme: "Nursing in the
Health Revolution."
New York Hilton Hotel, New York City.
May 10-12, 1967
Canadian Hospital Association,
Montreal. P.Q.
May 15, 1967
Notional Nursing Day.
May 16-19, 1967
Alberto Association of Registered
Nurses Annual Meeting.
Chateau Lac:>>mbe, Edmonton, Alberto.
May 24-26, 1967
International symposium on electrical
activity of the heart.
London. Ontario.
For further information, write to
Dr. G.W. Manning, Victoria Hospital,
London. Onto
FEBRUARY 1967
May 29-31, 1967
Operating Room Nurses' Fourth
Ontario conference.
The Inn on the Pork, Toronto, Ontario.
Sponsored by the Operating Room
Nurses of Greater Toronto.
Direct inquiries to: Mrs. Eleanor
Conlin, R.N., 437 Glen Pork Avenue.
Apt. 309. Toronto 19. Ontario.
May 31-June 2, 1967
Registered Nurses' Association of
Novo Scotia Annual Meeting. Sydney.
N.S.
May 31-June 2, 1967
Registered Nurses' Association of
British Columbia Annual Meeting
Bayshore Inn, Vancouver, B.C.
June 5-8, 1967
Atlantic Provinces Hospital Association,
Annual Meeting.
June 12-15, 1967
Canadian Dietetic Association 32nd
Convention
Chateau Laurier, Ottowa.
June 18-21, 1967
Ottowa Civic Hospital, Centennial
Home Coming.
Alumnae of former associates of the
Ottowa Civic Hospital who are
interested in the program should
write to: Executive Director, Ottowa
Civic Hospital.
June 18-23, 1967
Canadian Medical Association,
100th annual meeting, M.ontreal,
Quebec.
Address enquiries to Dr. A.D. Kelly,
Executive Secretory. 150 St. George
St., Toronto 5, Ontario.
June 24, 1967
St. Joseph's Hospital School of
Nursing, Toronto, Centennial Reunion.
Any graduates who do not receive
alumnae newsletters. please send
nome and address to: St. Joseph's
Hospital School of Nursing Alumnae.
30 The Queensway, Toronto 3,
Ontario.
July, 1967
75th Anniversary, Novo Scotia
Hospital School of Nursing.
Dartmouth. N.S.
All interested graduates please
contact Mrs. G. Varheff,
20 Ellenvale Ave.,
Dartmouth, N.S.
NEW FOR HOSPITALS
the
Autolope
It responds
to heat
treatment.
....
".,......,.,...
""
.'
......-
.. .,."",
. :/;
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........
When the contents of the enve-
lope are completely sterilized by
the Autoclave, the indicator ink
changes colour. This unique Gage
Autolope is security folded and
pressure-sensitive gummed to
prevent contamination. It was de-
veloped for AutocIaving w
th .the
help of medical, paper, pnntmg,
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The Aut
lope is available now in
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 21
A nursing career with a difference.
Excellent career opportunities exist
for graduate nurses in the Canadian
Forces Medical Service. Applica-
tions will also be accepted from
nursing s tuden ts in their final
year of training. And enrolment
will proceed upon registration.
The duties of a Canadian Forces
Nursing Sister are two-fold; that of
a professional nurse and that of a
commissioned officer. Her employ-
ment therefore .. J carries with it
the respon-
'sibilities of
leadership as .
well as those
of the medical \ '1 profession.
It also carries with it op-
P 0 r tun i tie s l' to travel, to
serve in Canadian
l military es-
tablishments all across Canada
and in Europe.
The starting salary is $540.00 a
mon th, and increases in pay are
granted every three years. 30 days
annual holiday, and free medical
and dental care are added benefits.
Nursing in the Canadian Forces
Medical Service offers valuable and
varied experience in different en-
vironments, opportunities for pro-
fessional advancement, the excite-
ment of travel at home and over-
seas, a respected position, and a
unique way of life not usually
available to a Registered Nurse.
Further information and appli-
cations for enrolment may be ob-
tained from your nearest Canadian
Forces Recruiting Centre, or by
mailing the attached coupon.
The Canadian Forces.
Give it some thought.
r-----------------------,
Director of Recruiting,
Canadian Forces Headquarters,
Ottawa 4, Ontario
Nam ..
Addres "
City or Town, and Provinc ..
L_______________________
22 THE CANADIAN NURSE
FEBRUARY 1967
in a capsule
Drugs from the Depths 1
The underwater life of Australia's Great
Barrier Reef may be a potential source of
new therapeutic agents, according to Dr.
Robert Endean of the University of Queens-
land.
Working with a six-man team, Dr. Endean
has isolated from one variety of cone shell
a toxin that produces muscular relaxation.
This toxin affects only skeletal muscles, and
does not appear to produce any of the side
effects associated with curare type of drugs.
Another variety of cone shell has yielded
a toxin that cause
sustained contraction
of muscle. Dr. Endean reports, "I know
of no other substance in the world which
can achieve this effect, and it may prove
to be valuable as a heart stimulant. We
have already successfully tried it on the
heart muscle of the toad." - The Horner
Newsletter.
"Pure" Doctors
A selection of nurses' examination mis-
takes, compiled by Roger Brook, has been
published by the Souvenir Press, London,
under the title "And after that Nurse?" The
following excerpts show just how important
wording can be. . .
A cross infection committee was set up
in the hospital to deal with affection be-
tween nurses and patients.
Phenobarbitone. may be given to seduce
the patient and put his mind at rest.
Cross infection is always blamed on
nurses, but the real bugbears in this respect
are the doctors who think they are too
pure to carry such things as germs. -
Nursing Mirror, 122: 599, Sept. 23, 1966.
The Nose Knows
One of the most disagreeable factors in
working with geriatric patients, particularly
those who are incontinent, is urinary odor
which frequently permeates the entire en-
vironment where patients are housed. A
report in a medical journal stating that
cranberry juice was used to deodorize
wards having incontinent patients, prompted
Charles R. Du Gan and Paul. S. Carda-
ciotto to conduct an experiment in two
geriatric wards, one containing 110 male,
the other 110 female patients.
During the program the usual methods of
deodorization were discontinued and odor
levels were obtained chemically as well as
noted subjectively by personnel.
The doses of cranberry juice were gra-
dually increased from three ounces per pa-
tient per day to a maximum of six ounces
daily. The chemical tests on the urine and
FEBRUARY 1967
air reflected little change in either male or
female wards after the administration of
cranberry juice was begun.
The personnel, using their noses as guides,
reported more significant impressions. After
the first week of giving cranberry juice,
personnel noted that the odors were less
evident in the wards. As the dose was
increased, the odors became markedly re-
duced. It was also reported by the ward
personnel that the patients who had com-
plained of a burning sensation on urination
no longer complained of discomfort. Those
incontinent patients who had had a strong
odor about them seemingly had less odor
when receiving cranberry juice regularly.
The urine odor on clothing and bed linen
was reduced markedly.
During the administration of the cran-
berry . juice, no untoward reactions were
noted in any of the patients. - Excerpts
from Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, Sept-
ember, 1966.
Beautiful Eyes
Communication between adults has be-
come a highly sophisticated art, with the
result that true feelings are often lost be-
neath a protective covering of words. It is
a lack of such sophistication that makes
the speech of mentally retarded adults
childlike in quality. What we mistake for
stupidity in the conversation of retarded
adults is often a frankness and direct sim-
plicity so often absent in our more technical
manipulation with words.
Jerome Nitzberg, M.S.W., in the Sept.
issue of Canada's Mental Health, cites a
few examples of the disarming - if not
always rational - formulations of the re-
tarded. One young man with a talent for
leaving the floor dirty after mopping it,
sincerely explained that "the floor is too
big and the mop is too small." Another 32-
year old childishly explained why he ne-
glected to bathe more often: "I'll only get
dirty again!" A young woman, in explaining
why she wept so frequently, commented,
"My eyes are beautiful when they are full
of tears."
Employee Services Recognized
The presentation of long service awards
is well established in industry, but equally
industrious hospital employees often go
unrecognized. That is until recently, when
the Brockville General Hospital in Brock-
vme, Ontario, set a precedent by awarding
31 long service awards to personnel em-
ployed there for more than 10 years.
The director of nursing, Vera J. Preston,
proved to have the longest service of all -
over 25 years. Miss Preston, who began
employment with the hospital on March 1,
1938, received the top award of a gold
watch as well as a gold service pin for
"faithful devotion to her duties."
Miss Nora Towe, of the food service
department, received a 20-year gold service
pin, and Miss Gladys Edwards, supervisor
of the central supply department, who is
only a few months short of 15 years service,
received a 10-year service pin. Other nurses
with 10 years and more service were: Miss A
Foster, Mrs. S. Willows, and Miss Joan
Freeman.
All departments of the hospital were
represented, including housekeeping, engi-
neering, administration, and food service.
Burnt Cakes and Car Accidents
Insurance companies take note! From the
results of her "Experimental Study of Home
Accident Behavior," Dr. Joan Guilford,
director of the American Institutes of
Research in Los Angeles, concludes that
"one might speculate that a woman drives as
she keeps house." The frequency of accidents
in the kitchen appears to be related to the
frequency of those on the highway and to
vehicle code violations, a study of auto-
accident and violation records of 178 women
indicated. Further, the type of auto accident
- personal injury or property damage -
seems selectively related to those in the
kitchen.
Dr. Guilford, who conducted the experi-
ment using a mobile van with simulated
home kitchen and one-way observation
rooms, found that not only were home acci-
dents correlated with auto accidents and
traffic violations, but also that other factors
- the number of a woman's children, her
drinking habits, weight, personality traits
and blood pressure - were related in many
cases to accidents or near accidents.
What factors may "predict" kitchen (and
possibly automobile) accidents? One of the
best, most consistent indications - at least
in this study - was the number of children
each subject had. "It seems clear that those
subjects with more children have the lower
accident rates," said Dr. Guilford.
Other results indicated that when com-
pared to teetotalers, women who drank al-
coholic beverages were less likely to have
kitchen accidents. Emotionally unstable
women tended to have more personal-injury
accidents, but not property damage. Both
thin and obese subjects had more accidents
than did average-weight subjects.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 23
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contents
Introduction
Body Fluid, Our Heritage from the Sea
Cellular and Extracellular Fluid: Secretions and
Excretions
Units of Measure
Gains and Losses of Water and Electrolytes
Volume Changes in Extracellular Fluid
Composition Changes of Major Extracellular
Electrolytes
Position Changes of Water and Electrolytes of
Extracellular Fluid
The Role of Nursing Observations in the Diagnosis
of Body Fluid Disturbances
The Elements of Nutrition
The Nurse's Role in Preventing Imbalances of Water.
Electrolytes, and Other Nutrients
Help from the Lab
Gauges for Dosage
The Treatment of Body Fluid Disturbances
Parenteral Fluid Administration - Nursing
Implications
Fluid Balance in the Surgical Patient
Fluid Balance in the Badly Burned Patient
Fluid Balance in the Patient with Digestive Tract Disease
Fluid Balance in the Patient with Urological Disease
Fluid Balance in the Patient with Cardiac Disease
Fluid Balance in the Patient with Endocrine Disease
Fluid Balance in the Patient with Neurologic Disease
Fluid Balance in the Patient with Respiratory Disease
Water and Electrolyte Disturbances from Heat
Exposure
Fluid Balance Disturbances in Infants and Children
Bibliography
Index
To help save lives!
A new and vitally important book
on the nurse's role in prevention
of body fluid disturbances.
NURSES'HANDBDDK
OF FLUID BALANCE
Medical science recognizes that body fluid disturbances represent
the common denominator of a host of illnesses; that every patient
is a candidate for one or more of these disturbances; and that the
life of a patient may depend upon early recognition, interpretation
and intervention. Since the early recognition of fluid imbalance
depends upon close observation of the patient, the nurse carries
a heavy responsibility. She must be alert to adverse signs in the patient's
progress and must understand their significance.
Eminently qualified, the authors write with an insight into the
medical problems and nursing needs of patients with fluid imbalance
and provide the nurse - student and graduate alike - with a well-
illustrated, comprehensive and illuminating book on body fluid
disturbances. Emphasis throughout is on knowing what to look for
- how to look for it - and what to do about it. - The authors
first present general information concerning body fluid disturbances
- their nature, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and diagnosis.
They then deal with the important clinical areas.
By Norma Milligan Metheny, R.N., M.S., Department of Nursing,
St. Louis Junior College, St. Louis, Missouri: formerly Medical-Surgical
Coordinator, Missouri Baptist Hospital School of Nursing, St. Louis.
William D. Snively, Jr., M.D., Clinical Professor in the Department oj
Pediatrics, Medical College oj Alabama; Vice President, Medical AI/airs,
Mead Johnson & Company: formerly Chairman, Fluid Balance Exhibit
Committee, American Medical Association.
275 PAGES
90 ILLUSTRATIONS
1967
$7.50
:::::::-L i P pi n C 0 it
------------------------
J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY OF CANADA LTD., 60 Front Street West, Toronto 1.
Please send me
capy(ies) NURSES HANDBOOK OF FLUID BALAN<:E
$7.50
NAME
ADDRESS
CITY _.....
. . PROVo
FEBRUARY 1967
24 THE CANADIAN NURSE
o Payment enclosed
o Charge
CN 267
new products
{
Descriptions are based on information
supplied by the manufacturer and are
provided only aø a service to readers.
Pregslide
(BELL-CRAIG)
Description - A simple, inexpensive,
and highly accurate urine test for preg-
nancy. The Pregslide kit gives results in two
minutes with an accuracy of 97%. Because
of its high sensitivity, the new test can
detect pregnancy earlier than any other
slide test.
Procedure - To perform the test, two
prepared reagents are mixed with a single
drop of the patient's urine on a specially
tinted blue slide. The mixture will assume
a smooth and, finally, a granular pattern if
the patient is pregnant. In a negative test,
.agglutination (clumping) will be visible
within two minutes.
For information on the new pregslide
kit contact Bell-Craig Pharmaceuticals, 45 I
Alliance Ave., Toronto 9, Ont.
Showplace
(BREWSTER)
Description - This portable, table-top
exhibition panel unit is offered in a variety
of panel surfaces for use in hospital lob-
bies, for fund raising or general public
relations displays, and in nursing schools
for instructional exhibits.
The 25 lb. Showplace unit provides 24
square feet of exhibit space in two 24" x
36", two-sided panels encased in hard-
.l\Vood frames. The equipment comes com-
pletely assembled.
\
4.
I
'II
II
.p. \
1
4I -
The panel surfaces includes:
" thick
"doeskin" Homasote, V<I" thick pegboard,
'h" thick burlap-covered Homasote or V<I"
thick burlap-covered pegboard. Frames are
finished in walnut or driftwood.
The Homasote panels will accept picture
hoofs, nails, staples, pins and tacks, while
the pegboard versions take print clips,
hooks and shelves supplied by the manu-
facturer.
For further information, contact: The
Brewster Corporation, Old Lyme, Conn.
06371.
FEBRUARY 1967
Urecholine
(MERCK, SHARP AND DOHME)
Description - A new dosage size (25 mg.
tablet) for Urecholine chloride has been
added to the existing 5 and 10 mg. tablet
size and the 5 mg.l cc. injection form.
Urecholine chloride (bethanechol chlor-
ide) is a parasympathomimetic agent that
increases the smooth muscle tone of the
gastrointestinal and urinary tracts.
Indications - Urecholine chloride is
recommended in the treatment of certain
cases of postoperative urinary retention
and atony of the bladder, postpartum uri-
nary retention, postoperative abdominal
distention, and in congenital megacolon
when drug therapy is indicated.
Dosage - Dosage and route of admin-
istration must be individualized, depending
on the type and severity of the condition
to be treated. Mild and moderate disorders
often respond to the tablet. Subcutaneous
injection should be reserved for patients
who do not respond to oral therapy.
Oral: The usual adult dosage is 10 to
30 mg. three or four times a day. Satis-
factory response often follows 10 to 15 mg.
The minimum effective dose is determined
by giving 5 or 10 mg. initially and repeat-
ing the same amount at hourly intervals
to a maximum of 30 mg. until a satisfac-
tory response occurs. The effects of the
drug sometimes appear within 30 minutes
and usually within 60 to 90 minutes. They
persists for about an hour.
Subcutaneous: The usual dose is 1 cc.
(5 mg.), although some patients respond
satisfactorily to as little as 0.5 cc. (2.5 mg.).
The minimum effective dose is determined
by injecting 0.5 cc. (2.5 mg.) initially
and repeating the same amount at 15 to
30 minute intervals to a maximum of four
doses until satisfactory response is obtained,
unless disturbing side effects appear. The
minimum effective dose may be repeated
thereafter three or four times a day as
required.
Injection Urecholine chloride is for sub-
cutaneous use only. It should never be
given intramuscularly or intravenously,
since violent symptoms of cholinergic over-
stimulation are likely to occur. Atropine
is a specific antidote. A syringe containing
a dose for adults of 0.6 mg. (1/100 grain)
or more of atropine sulfate should always
be available to treat symptoms of toxi-
city.
Contraindications - Urecholine chloride
is contraindicated in hyperthyroidism, preg-
nancy, peptic ulcer, latent or active bron-
chial asthma, pronounced bradycardia or
hypotension, vasomotor instability, coron-
ary artery disease, epilepsy and parkin-
sonism.
Side Effects - Subcutaneous doses of
I cc. or less may cause such mild side
effects as abdominal discomfort, salivation,
flushing of the skin or sweating.
For further information or to receive
the Urecholine file booklet, contact: Merck,
Sharp and Dohme, P.O. Box 899, Mon-
treal 3, P.Q.
Literature Available
Patterns of Disease, a booklet published
six times yearly by Parke, Davis and Comp-
any, features "special reports" which would
be of interest to nurses.
Examples of the reports featured during
1966 are "Venereal Disease" (March-
April), "Speech and Hearing Disorders"
(May-June), "The Nation's Health Man-
power" (July-August), and "Gastrointes-
tinal Disorders" (September-October).
Composed of numerous charts, graphs
and illustrations, these reports offer a fund
of interesting facts.
Also published by Parke, Davis and
Company, Ltd., "as a service to physicians,"
is their booklet Therapeutic Notes - and
its French counterpart Notes Therapeuti-
ques.
Containing more description and fewer
charts and illustrations that the first book-
let, Therapeutic Notes features several
articles in an attractive magazine format.
Besides the regular "ten-second abstracts,"
articles on such topics as infectious mono-
nucleosis, bites and stings, and eye dis-
orders in the aging patient have appeared
in the past year.
Nurses can have their names added to
the mailing lists of either publication by
writing, individually, and specifying which
publication, to Parke, Davis and Company,
Ltd., 5910 Cote de Liesse Rd., Montreal 9,
P.Q.
The proceedings of the International
Symposium on Physical Activity and
Cardiovascular Health, which was sponsor-
ed by the Ontario Heart J;'oundation
together with the Ontario and Canadian
Medical Associations, are now available at
a cost of $3.00 each.
This Symposium, held in October, 1966,
included 31 speakers and 43 discussants
at a gathering of 550 persons in the various
fields of medicine and physical education.
Orders for the proceedings should be sent
to the Ontario Heart Foundation, 247
Davenport Road, Toronto 5, Ontario.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 25
help wanted in Antigua, Burundi,
Columbia, Ghana, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Madagascar,
Peru, Rwanda" Sarawak" Tanzania, Tchad" Trinidad" Uganda" and Zambia.
.
-
-,
it's your world.
These countries have a lot in common. Everyone is
no place for you if all you have to offer is lofty
ideals. These are countries that need realists-people
who are ready to get down to work. And come down
to earth. Literally. Don't kid yourself. . . signing up
with this outfit will mean slugging it out through a
tough, demanding job. That's the only way you'll fill
the needs of these countries. And who knows, maybe
you'll have a few of your own filled. What is CUSO?
It's a national agency created to develop and pro-
mote overseas service opportunities for Canadians.
It arranges for the placement of qualified men
and women in countries that request their
services. If you're sent to a country it's be-
cause they've asked for you. Or someone
like you. How does CUSO work? Abroad, it
works through different international agencies
who all assist in the placement of personnel.
In Canada it works through local co-ordinating
committees, located in most universities. but serv-
:: i
. W..
. . ,.f
ing the whole community. What kind of people are
needed? People who can adapt their skills and training
to a far-from-perfect environment. Nurses who are
able to cope with frustrating (and often primitive)
working conditions. Nurses who can train and super-
vise other nurses. Nurses who can earn respect,
and give it. Think about it. You'll know if you've got
what it takes. What is the selection procedure like?
Tough. Because we don't believe in sending underdevel-
oped people to developing countries. Preliminary
screening is carried out, where possible, by local
committees. CUSO then nominates candidates
to governments and agencies requesting per-
sonnel, who make the final selection. CUSO
also makes arrangements for preparatory and
orientation courses. How do you apply? Get
more information and application forms from
local CUSO representatives at any Canadian
.
university, or from the Executive Secretary ofCUSO,
151 Slater Street, Ottawa.
cuso
The Canadian Peace Corps
26 THE CANADIAN NURSE
FEBRUARY 1967
A glimpse of nursing
in the USSR
This article is a thumbnail sketch of observations made by Dr. Mussallem during
the Travelling Seminar on Nursing in the USSR last October.
Helen K. Mussallem
tI-
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.
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FEBRUARY 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 27
"Please fasten your seat belts. We
will be landing at Moscow's Interna-
tional Airport in a few minutes."
I looked out into the dark sky and
the clouds suddenly vanished. "Those
are the lights of Moscow," my com-
panion said, "and over there is the Red
Square. "
I felt a strange tingle of excitement
and wonderment. What is Russia really
like? What are the people like - the
nurses - the hospitals - the schools
of nursing? Is the Russian system of
nursing so different from ours? Now,
one of the dreams of my professional
life was about to come true: I was
going to find the answers to these
questions and a thousand others during
our month-long Travelling Seminar on
Nursing in the USSR.
The twain did meet
The link between the Canadian nurs-
ing tradition and the Russian practice
is tenuous, but, nevertheless, real.
During the Crimean War, while Flo-
rence Nightingale was organizing nurs-
ing services for the British Army, Dr.
Pirogov was organizing them for the
Russian. Although each had the same
basic objective, they never met to ex-
change ideas.
Dr. Pirogov continued his work after
the Crimean War, and organized all
levels of health personnel in Russia.
When the Soviet system of public health
services was inaugurated simultaneous-
ly with the establishment of Soviet
power in 1917, much of Pirogov's
system was retained.
After the Crimean War, Miss Night-
ingale returned to England where she
promoted and developed high standards
of nursing education and nursing prac-
tice. Her revolutionary ideas spread to
virtually aU English-speaking countries
Dr. Mussallem, Executive Director of the
Canadian Nurses' Association. was a mem-
ber of the WHO Travelling Seminar on
Nursing in the USSR. This article was not
submitted to the USSR Ministry of Health
for approval.
28 THE CANADIAN NURSE
in every part of the world.
Now, 100 years later, 23 nurses who
had been educated in modified patterns
of the Nightingale system, were to meet
with nurses and doctors of the Soviet
Union who were products of the Piro-
gov system.
Participants from many lands
My Travelling Seminar colleagues
were chief nursing officers in their own
countries and literally came from the
four corners of the world, or, more
exactly, from the six World Health
Organization Regions: Africa, Latin
America, Eastern Mediterranean, Eu-
rope, South-East Asia, and Western
Pacific. We were in the USSR to learn
about the entire health program and
especiaUy about nurses and nursing.
But we were to learn much more than
that. We were to see cities, towns and
villages in four Republics, meet the
people, view the treasures of the past,
participate in festivities, and return with
a better understanding of this vast
country of mystery, commitment, and
contrast.
Our colorful group convened at the
Central Institute for Advanced Medical
Studies in Moscow on October 6.
Native costumes from Japan, the
Sudan, India, Malaysia, Tanzania, and
other countries displayed the splendor
of the color spectrum.
In the minds of all were many
questions and some apprehension about
what lay ahead. Certainly the warmth
and friendliness of our colleagues in the
Soviet Union left nothing to be desired.
Even though the language barrier sep-
arated most of us, this was quickly
overcome through the six interpreters
who were always at our disposal.
Free health services
The Seminar was opened the first
morning by the Deputy Minister of
Health of the USSR who explained to
us the basic socialist principles on
which the health services are based.
We soon realized that it was essential
to have an understanding of these
principles to appreciate how the meth-
odologies had evolved.
The Deputy Minister spoke with
great feeling of the importance of
nurses. He said that he hoped this
Seminar would be more than an ob-
servation of the health and nursing
services in the Soviet Union and that
the nurses from the countries repre-
sented would share their experience
with their Soviet counterparts. This we
did.
The Minister told us that when
Soviet power was established in 1917,
the importance of health care was re-
cognized, and its availability to aU citi-
zens, even in the most remote areas,
was regarded as a vital function of the
state. The constitution of the USSR
states emphatically that each individual
has a right to maintenance in sickness,
disability and old age. AU health ser-
vices are available free to all citizens
( and to visitors, as we were soon to
learn) in the Soviet Union.
We were impressed with the great
improvements made in health services
since 1917. For example, at that time
there were 46,000 middle medical
workers - the group to which nurses
belong, 1.4 doctors per 10,000 popu-
lation, and 13.0 hospital beds. The
average life span was 44 years. Today,
there are 1,620,000 middle medical
workers, 23.2 doctors per 10,000 po-
pulation, and 93.1 beds. The average
life span is 66 years for men and 73
for women. The measures used to ac-
complish these improvements were a
revelation to us.
Central control for health services
Major planning for all health ser-
vices in the 15 republics is a function
of the Central Ministry of Health in
Moscow. Here, the regulations for the
administration of all hospitals -
including nursing services - are
established. These regulations cover all
sizes of hospitals from the large, com-
plex, oblast hospitals in the metropo-
litan areas to the very smaU feldsher.
and midwife units on collective farms
in remote parts of this immense
· A feldsher is a category between physi-
cian and nurse: a "junior doctor."
FEBRUARY 1967
.
-
-r ,
country .
We toured all types of hospitals and
health services in which nursing was
involved, in four of the Republics:
... "'" Russian, Ukranian, Georgian, and Ab-
khazian Autonomous Soviet Socialist
Republic. In these republics we visited
large cities, such as Moscow, Kiev,
, Tbilisi, and Vinnitsa, and small com-
munities, such as Sukhumi, and Tul-
chinsk. We noted that the patterns
of health service in every community
generally followed the regulations spe-
cified by the Central Ministry in
Moscow.
-
, Labor code protects worker
, The administration of nursing ser-
,.,. vices in the hospitals is unlike that of
Canada. The main differences stem
. from the differences in ideologies and
\ . basic principles of management. In the
i ,. ( ..
\ USSR, legal regulations govern the em-
ployment of all workers, including
those in medical and paramedical fields.
) The labor code gives protection to the
worker and certain statutory powers to
the trade unions. These are related to
such matters as improvement of work-
ing conditions and scrutiny of the
f labor legislation.
, The legal labor regulations of all
citizens are founded on principles of
- socialist management of labor as con-
tained in the Constitution. We were
\ told by the head of the Labor Pro-
tection Department at the Central Com-
mittee for Medical Workers that the
fundamentals of socialist labor legisla-
,í' tion include:
1. The universal obligation to work.
2. A guaranteed right to work.
3. Guaranteed remuneration of work
depending on the quantity and qua-
, - lity of that work.
..... 4. A labor discipline and the ob-
...... servance of internal labor regula-
tions.
5. Guaranteed safety and health con-
ditions of labor, legislation restric-
tions on working hours, and a
I guaranteed right to rest.
.. 6. Assistance in the improvement of
qualifications and general educa-
tional standards of workers and the
right to assistance and maintenance
FEBRUARY 1967 THE CANADIAN NURSE 29
in case of disablement as determin-
ed by the law and at the expense
of the State.
Everyone works for the State and is
paid by the State. There is no private
enterprise, nor is there private practice
by doctors, nurses or any other
workers. Physicians, nurses, and other
health workers are assigned to hospitals
on a full-time basis. Public health
functions are carried out by personnel
of polyclinics, dispensaries, and felds-
her units who visit and give health care
in the home or anywhere in the com-
munity.
All workers in the health field -
doctors, nurses, and even students -
belong to the same trade union. There
is no voluntary professional associa-
tion like the CNA. Membership in the
trade union provides generous benefits
in relation to housing, vacation and
recreation. Individual excellence and
achievement is rewarded through addi-
tional money or through the provision
of better living accommodation.
Living accommodation for nurses is
arranged by the State and is provided
at a very minimum rate - usually at
five rubles (approximately $5.00 Cana-
dian funds) per month. It is difficult,
however, to compare nurses' salaries in
the USSR with salaries paid to their
counterparts in other countries, since
the economic systems are basically
different. When we acknowledge that
so many services are provided - full
maintenance during retirement, holi-
days at very minimum expense, in-
expensive food and clothing - we then
recognize that the nurse's wages, from
60 to I 10 rubles a month, are quite
sufficient to provide a comfortable
living and enjoyment of the recreational
and cultural offerings. For comparison,
doctors are paid. about 100 to 150
rubles per month.
No nursing hierarchy
The chief physician in every hospital
is also its chief administrative officer.
The chief nurse is directly responsible
to this doctor and, essentially, is his
assistant. The senior nurse of a depart-
ment is directly responsible to the
30 THE CANADIAN NURSE
senior physician and works under his
direct supervision. Together they super-
vise the nursing services provided in
that department or unit.
There is no nursing service depart-
ment and no direct line of authority
between the chief nurse, the senior
nurse, and the staff nurse. "We do not
believe in a nursing hierarchy," I was
told. Essentially, the doctor, nurse, and
auxiliary personnel work together as a
team, with the doctor in charge. This
pattern also prevails in polyclinics and
in other health units.
Often we received the impression
that duties were interchangable and
that the person most available at the
time performed the necessary task -
such as assisting a patient back to bed
or holding a crying infant. It was diffi-
cult to identify the various categories
of personnel since all wore the same
uniform - a white smock over street
clothes and a white "surgeon's hat."
Also, the majority of personnel in the
health services are women, which adds
to the identification problem. About 70
to 75 percent of the doctors, the ma-
jority of the feldshers, and all of the
nurses are women.
Staffing of medical services
Three categories of workers provide
health care: the upper medical workers,
which include physicians and stomoto-
logists (dentists); the middle medical
workers, which include the nurse,
feldshers, and midwives; and the lower
medical workers, who act as assistants
to the middle medical worker.
The staffing patterns of hospitals -
oblast, rayon, uchastock, polyclinics,
etc. - are determined by special re-
search and laid down in regulations
by the Central Health Ministry in
Moscow. However, each hospital is
permitted to have more personnel in
various categories, provided the request
is justifiable. We were told that addi-
tional staff could be requested from the
personnel office of the appropriate
institutions at any time. The ratio of
staff to patients varies according to the
severity of illness and the age group.
For example, the ratio is more favor-
able in units for acutely ill children
than in units for convalescents. In a
children's hospital the ratio may be
one nurse to 6, 8, or 12 patients, and
in a convalescent unit, one to 25.
Doctors, too, are on the wards full
time.
Everyone works
The Trade Union carefully regulates
the hours of work for each citizen. The
total work week is usually 41 hours
with additional remuneration provided
for overtime.
Usually a hospital department has
two shifts of nurses who work a six
and one-half hour day; however they
may work up to 12 hours. In some
institutions, a nurse may work for 24
hours and then be off duty for the
next two days.
Everyone in the USSR has both the
obligation to work as well as the right
to work. Unlike the situation in most
countries represented at the Seminar,
the Soviet nurses work for their normal
span of years regardless of family
status. They are allowed maternity
leave of 56 days prior to and 56 days
following the delivery of a child, and
their children are cared for in creches
or by relatives.
Each health worker is required to
work where she is assigned for the
first three years after graduation. After
this she may move to a hospital of her
choice, but her freedom of movement
is somewhat controlled by various
methods. Following the three years of
work in the assigned area, usually in
a rural part of the country, nurses
specialize in various fields such as diet
therapy, physiotherapy, electrocardio-
graphy, operating room assistant, phar-
macy assistant, etc. Indeed, it is cus-
tomary for her to continue with spe-
cialization, but she usually has the right
to choose the specialty she will pursue.
Thus, there is not a proliferation of
professioñs or occupations in hospitals,
but rather one profession with various
degrees of specialization.
"Bolshoi spasibo"
Throughout our whole tour, both in
FEBRUARY 1967
the hospitals and ministries, the warm,
friendly hospitality overwhelmed us.
We quickly learned to say "spasibo"
for thank you; however, because of the
abundant hospitality, we asked our in-
terpreters for a word that expressed
more than that, and soon progressed
to "bolshoi spasibo." At every institu-
tion we were greeted in a room that
had tables filled with cut-glass com-
potes of grapes and apples. Candies,
booklets, and small broaches that de-
picted their famous men were distribut-
ed freely. Before we left, the nurses
always came to our transport with a
bouquet of flowers for each of us.
The hospital visits usually began
with greetings from the chief doctOl:
and chief nurse. With the portable si-
multaneous translation equipment and
six interpreters, the language barrier
almost disappeared. Following intro-
ductions, we toured the departments
and were able to ask questions and re-
ceive answers "on the spot."
The size of departments and number
of rooms depended on the nature of the
hospital. In general, the patient settings
were not unlike those in many Cana-
dian hospitals except, in the hospitals
we toured, the patients' beds were
closer together. Usually five beds rather
than three or four occupied a ward.
The wards were very white: white
beds, white linen, white walls. The doc-
tors and nurses all wore white hats and
gowns over their street clothes. Some-
times we, too, donned the white gown
and hat. The patients appeared to be
well cared for and we sensed a warm
relationship between them and the staff.
In particular, we noted the very sensi-
tive care provided for sick children. In
the children's hospital more color was
used and there was a less regimented
appearance.
The operating rooms, polyclinics,
and other health services had a physi-
cal appearance not unlike those in Ca-
nada, even though the categories of
workers and their relationships were
different.
The nurses in each department of
the hospitals worked under the direc-
tion of the physician and as his assis-
FEBRUARY 1967
tant. The doctor generally carried out
all medical procedures, including blood
transfusions, intravenous and intramus-
cular injections.
A typical school of nursing
What are the schools of nursing like
in Russia? My visit to one of the
middle medical schools gave me some
insight. After a very warm greeting and
a lecture by the director, a woman
physician, we toured the school.
The classrooms were bright and
cheerful and the nursing students look-
ed young and lively. As we went from
room to room we saw them practicing
procedures - procedures - proce-
dures. In the first classroom they were
practicing bandaging, and they all look-
ed so attractive even with the bandaged
eyes, limbs and bodies. They had on
clean white smócks over street clothes
and white caps. I went over to speak
to a small group without an interpreter.
"Pajolsta," I said and they knew it
meant "please." It was one of the few
Russian words I knew and I was mere-
ly trying to comment. However, they
unwrapped the bandages and put them
on all over again. They were tickled
when I tried to speak in Russian from
my Guide Book. The interpreter came
to my rescue, but I refused. "Bolshoi
spasibo." Nurses do not need interpre-
ters in these situations.
But there were more than nurses
being prepared in this middle medical
school. Feldshers, midwives, children's
nurses, laboratory technicians, and
other health personnel also attend this
school to receive their training.
The education of these workers, as
for all workers, is free. The Ministry of
Public Health in the USSR has a De-
partment of Medical Education that
deals with all matters pertaining to
every level of health worker education.
The Minister is responsible for plan-
ning and approving the curriculum,
which is uniform for all 630 schools in
the 15 constituent republics. Each of
the republics has its own Minister of
Health who is responsible for supervi-
sion and guidance at the local level.
However, the Central Ministry in Mos-
cow retains the function of inspection
of the educational program as well as
revision of the curriculum.
There are more than 330,000
students in the 630 middle medical
schools, with the largest percentage
being prepared as nurses. The length of
the educational program for nurses de-
pends on the student's educational
background. For example, if the stu-
dent has 8 years of schooling (incom-
plete secondary education), the length
of the course is 2 years and 10 months;
if she has 10 years of schooling (com-
plete secondary education), the course
is I year and 10 months.
Courses taught by physicians
Physicians administer the middle
medical schools and teach all the nurs-
ing subjects. Although no nurses are on
the staff of the middle medical schools,
they sometimes supervise students in
the clinical field. General education
subjects, offered to those with incom-
plete secondary education, are taught
by general education personnel.
One middle medical school that we
visited prepares 1,200 students, of
whom 780 are nurses. This ratio is
fairly common for all middle medical
schools throughout the Soviet Union.
The teachers are physicians, but do
not have special advanced preparation
in pedagogy. Instead, committees on
methods of teaching are formed to im-
prove the method and quality of the
educational program in the schools.
The teachers at the middle medical
schools are usually on the medical staff
of a nearby hospital where students
obtain their clinical experience. They
keep current on new medical advances
by attending the Institute for Advanced
Medical Studies where special courses
are available.
Recruitment not a problem
At the present time, recruitment of
students into nursing is not a problem.
We were told that to expand the USSR
health programs to the desired level,
a larger number of nurses and other
medical personnel is required. Last
THE CANADIAN NURSE 31
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32 THE CANADIAN NURSE
FEBRUARY 1967
year, 107,000 students were admitted
and 120,000 admissions are planned
for this year. The teachers from middle
medical schools visit secondary schools
to talk about nursing as a career, and
prospective students are invited to
"open door days" at middle medical
schools. When students visit the middle
medical schools, the teachers explain
the program and the opportunities
available. Married students with or
without children are permitted to enter
the school and those who become preg-
nant are given academic leave. There
are no student organizations, but stu-
dents have the option of becoming
members of a trade union. This mem-
bership offers many advantages and
almost 95 percent of the students join
during their first year.
Curriculum set by educators
Unlike Canada, where the control
of educational programs is centered in
service agencies, the program of in-
struction in the USSR is prepared by
an educational board of the Ministry of
Public Health. Members of this board
are experienced and highly skilled spe-
cialists. They meet periodically to re-
vise the common curriculum and the
academic program for the middle med-
ical schools throughout the consti-
tuent republics. This board also out-
lines the ways in which the curriculum
should be implemented, prescribes the
textbooks to be used, and selects the
authors to write the textbooks.
The following pattern is used for
all schools of nursing throughout the
country. Each year is divided into two
semesters. The first semester begins
September 1 and lasts until January
11; the second begins January 26 and
lasts until July 5. All students have
winter vacation from January 12 to 25,
and summer vacation from July 6 to
August 31. The students have a 35-
hour week and a 6-hour day. This time
may be spent on theory, practice or
visits, depending on the level of the
student in the educational program.
The curriculum is divided into three
cycles: cycle one is devoted entirely
to general education; cycle two, to
FEBRUARY 1967
general medical subjects, as well as to
anatomy, physiology, pharmacology
and biology; and cycle three, to the
special or clinical subjects, which in-
clude general care of patients, surgical
diseases, obstetrics and gynecology,
children's diseases, eye diseases, etc.
The total planned hours of the curricu-
lum are 3,774, of which 2,516 are
devoted to class work and 1,228 to
practical experience.
The objective of the course for the
preparation of nurses is "to train future
nurses in the tending of patients and
in medical skills." A review of the
curriculum and observations made dur-
ing visits at middle medical schools
revealed that the educational program
is disease and procedure-centered, with
emphasis placed on medical equipment.
Diseases and health teaching are em-
phasized. Only a very small portion of
the outline stresses the practice of
nursinE! as an art and a skill.
At the completion of the basic edu-
cational program, students write State
examinations. Successful candidates re-
ceive a diploma of certification and
are then assigned to a place of em-
ployment for three years. The top 5
percent in any graduating class are en-
couraged to proceed to the higher med-
ical institutes to become doctors -
and the majority do. The remainder
of the students who complete the three-
year assignment may, until they are 30
years of age, apply to the higher medi-
cal institutes to become doctors.
Often we were told during the Tra-
velling Seminar that the goal of most
middle medical workers, including
nurses, is to become a physician, be-
cause "nurses conduct medical treat-
ments and apply medical equipment
only in accordance with prescriptions
and instructions of the physician in
charge of the patient."
Unlike the Canadian system, all stu-
dents attending middle medical schools
live at home or in special apartments.
The only exception to this is when the
middle medical schools are located in
the far north or where the homes of
the students are a long distance from
the school.
A window in the iron curtain
Although the program was very full
with little time for relaxation, we man-
aged to squeeze in a swim in the Black
Sea. The same night we packed for the
twelfth time and returned to Moscow
to complete our assignment. On the
next night, our last in Moscow, the
Ministry planned a dinner party for us.
After the party, a companion and I
walked up Gorky Street to the Red
Square. I shall never forget the beauty
of the moment when we looked through
the falling snow across the Square.
There were the beautiful cathedrals
with their gold bubble domes accen-
tuated by the soft flood lights. I looked
over to Gums Department Store where
we had struggled in queues to make
small purchases, then back to Lenin's
tomb with the young soldiers standing
stiffly on guard. Then, into my view
came the gilded crescent and the five
pointed red stars of the Kremlin, muted
now by the falling snow. I could feel
the past and the future there, but main-
ly the throbbing of the present.
We turned and trudged back to our
hotel. We hardly spoke. I was thinking
of all we had done and seen in the
past month, the nurses and doctors we
had met, and how committed they were
and how far they had come in so rela-
tively short a time. I realized that they
were very much like all of us going
out to work each day, coming home
each night, and living their lives much
as we do.
Those of us in the first Travelling
Seminar on Nursing in the USSR re-
turned to our native lands with many
different impressions. We all agreed,
however, that it had been a rewarding
and exciting professional and personal
experience. For us there are now win-
dows in the Iron Curtain. 0
THE CANADIAN NURSE 33
Estrogen replacement therapy
at menopause
John Fitzgerald Kennedy, in his in-
augural address, challenged the 1960's.
He called on a new generation to find
better solutions for old problems in a
rapidly changing world. In medicine,
a steroid revolution became one of
the fascinating developments of this
decade as two new freedoms, closely
allied, reached fulfillment for many
women: freedom from undesired preg-
nancy and freedom from premature
old age.
The impact of oral contraception
on our generation needs little com-
ment. Ten million women throughout
the world now use these estrogen-pro-
gestogen combinations for ovulation
control and/or therapeutic purposes.
Their safety and effectiveness have
been repeatedly demonstrated by in-
numerable government agencies and
concerned medical investigators. Minor
problems, experienced by a small per-
centage of patients, capture dramatic
newspaper and magazine discussion;
for the "pill" causes symptoms similar
to those of pregnancy, and with about
the same frequency. Variations in the
chemical structure and dosage of the
constituent steroids will evolve; but
oral contraceptives arc here to stay,
and doctors and patients, politicians
and sociologists must now adjust to
their astonishing role in modern so-
ciety.
Most oral contraceptives inhibit
normal pituitarv ovarian function, so
that these medications substitute for
circulating steroids usually obtained
34 THE CANADIAN NURSE
The average woman outlives her ovaries by 25 years. Estrogen from the corner
drug store will correct this deficiency more naturally than
tranquilizers and psychotherapy.
Donald C. McEwen, M.D., F.R.C.S. ( C), F.R.C.O.G., F.A.C.O.G.
, "
Dr. McEwen. a graduate of the University
of Manitoba, is an Obstetrician and Gyne-
cologist in Calgary. Alberta. He is on the
staff of the Calgary General, Grace. Rocky-
view, and the Holy Cross Hospitals.
from normal ovarian function. It is
not widely appreciated that in pre-
scribing these agents, a doctor creates
ovarian deficiency and, paradoxically,
treats it at the same time; for with
treatment, ovarian function becomes
one of suspended animation.
Some doctors, willing to prescribe
these powerful drugs to young women
with normal ovaries, remain reluctant
to offer similar hormones to women
suffering from true ovarian deficiency,
a result of normal aging, congenital
insufficiency, disease, surgery, or ra-
diotherapy. Little attention was paid
to the menopause in medical school.
Most doctors were taught that the
menopause was a natural phenomenon,
hormone treatment potentially danger-
ous and one to be condemned from
a long-term point of view.
The concept of ovarian deficiency
as a medical entity is, however, gain-
ing recognition. If it is a valid clinical
condition, one in every three women
alive is a victim to a greater or lesser
degree. Ovarian senescence may be
rapid or gradual; but the result is the
same. Estrogen blood levels decline,
ovulation does not occur, and pro-
gesterone is not elaborated. The meno-
pause, or failure of menstruation, oc-
curs when these hormones are insuf-
ficient to ripen endometrial tissue. The
climacteric encompasses a wider span
from the time ovarian function falters
until that occasion when total failure
occurs, usually about age 60. Ovarian
dysfunction is a frequent occurrence
FEBRUARY 1967
after the age of 35, so many women
will suffer ovarian deficiency or im-
balance for half their lifetime.
Symptoms of menopause
Symptoms suggesting an impending
menopause are well known. The hot
flush, usually the first symptom, is a
sudden sensation of heat in the upper
part of the body often associated with
a patchy redness of the skin. Perspira-
tion and a feeling of chilliness may
follow. Hot flushes seem to be more
common with increased heat produc-
tion (stress, exercise, a hot room) or
when heat loss is impaired (sultry
weather, heavy bedclothes). Sleep is
frequently disturbed and insomnia be-
comes a common complaint.
Pituitary overact ion may cause the
hot flush as gonadotropin levels rise
to stimulate estrogen production from
aging, unresponsive ovaries. It may be
due to fluctuating levels of estrogen.
Excessive production of other pituitary
tropic hormones results in an increas-
ed stimulation of adrenal, thyroid and
pancreatic glands, resulting in further
systemic disturbance.
- Fatigue, depression, and emotional
instability may be unusually trouble-
some at this time. Such symptoms may
be sensitive barometers of estrogen
deficiency, or may be a reflection of
pituitary hypothalamic turmoil, or be
simply manifestations of environmen-
tal emotional influence (husband, fami-
ly or social upheaval).
The signs and long-term effects of
estrogen deficiency are much more sig-
nificant. The major physical hazards
are degeneration and atrophy of uro-
genital tract and breasts, blood vessels
and bones; but the whole body is af-
fected by a lack of estrogen. Aging
may be accelerated and joie de vivre
disturbed, modified from patient to
patient by variations in the degree of
ovarian failure, individual sensitivity
to estrogen deprivation, the patient's
emotional strength, called motivation,
her ability to handle stress, and the
infinite vicissitudes of life.
Atherosclerosis
Until the menopause, women are
FEBRUARY 1967
relatively immune to coronary artery
disease, but thereafter become more
susceptible. Many observations have
been made on the effects of castration
on atherosclerosis. Castrated young
women have rates of arterial disease
similar to men of the same age. Re-
moval of ovaries at hysterectomy
brings about a fourfold increase in the
degree of coronary artery degeneration
when compared to women whose ova-
ries are left. Replacement therapy with
estrogen lessens this risk in women.
In controlled studies of men who had
coronary infarction or strokes, the use
of natural estrogens produced signifi-
cantly longer survival and reduced the
occurrence of secondary occlusive epi-
sodes. Long-term studies exploring
these possibilities continue to excite
medical investigators.
At present, the lesson is quite clear.
Normal ovaries should be retained at
the time of hysterectomy and replace-
ment ovarian therapy is strongly indi-
cated for those patients who show
evidence of hypertension or cardio-
vascular degeneration.
Osteoporosis
Postmenopausal osteoporosis of va-
rying degrees occurs in practically all
women. The degree of mineral loss
is directly related to the severity of
ovarian failure and the elapsed time
of estrogen depletion from all body
sources. This is an insidious, overlook-
ed, and sometimes crippling disease. It
may manifest itself clinically by low
back pain from even minor trauma,
shortening of stature, or dorsal kypho-
sis (dowager's hump). Loss of density
of bones by roentgenograms is a late
sign. Elderly women fill our orthopedic
wards with fractured hips, and many
more who pass through the later stages
of life suffer much distress from back
and pelvic degeneration. Men do not
suffer this affliction with any signifi-
cant frequency.
The cause of osteoporosis remains
debatable; but the consensus of opinion
suggests it is due to increased bone
resorption resulting from long con-
tinued negative calcium balance.
Estrogens taken orally constitute
the most effective and universally ac-
cepted treatment of osteoporosis, asso-
ciated with physiotherapy to restore
maximum physical activity, and dietary
regimens to supply sufficient minerals,
and to keep patients in positive nitro-
gen balance.
Genital atrophy
It is estrogen that brings about t.he
metamorphosis of a girl to a woman,
stimulating breasts and genital tract
and the whole body to maturity. It is
the withdrawal of estrogen at the time
of ovarian failure that reverses this
process. Resorption of fat and loss of
elastic tissue make breasts and external
genitalia smaller and less full. The
vulva becomes thin, irritable, and often
itchy. The vagina and uterus become
small and atrophic, supporting struct-
ures weaken, and genital prolapse is
a frequent consequence. Urinary tract
tissues share this estrogen dependency.
and urinary dysfunction manifests by
urgency, frequency, and urinary infec-
tions. Stress incontinence also may be
part of a common and stubborn defi-
ciency syndrome.
There is, therefore, considerable
evidence that estrogen is protective to
the mature woman, her cardiovascular
system, bones, genital tract. joints,
skin, and possibly every tissue in her
body. Estrogen offers protection against
psychological involution, apathy and
negativism. The logical conclusion
must be that adequate estrogen levels
should, if possible, be maintained in
women; that estrogen throughout a
whole lifetime offers hope for positive
health.
Clinical study of ovarian deficiency
For the past three years this con-
cept has been explored in some depth.
By September 1966, 777 women with
symptoms and signs of ovarian defi-
ciency of varying degrees were consi-
dered for supplemental or replacement
estrogen therapy. Thousands of pa-
tients appeared in other doctors' of-
fices as the potentialities of this therapy
became known throughout the female
population .These negìected women in-
dicated in the only way possible their
THE CANADIAN NURSE 35
personal concern and disenchantment
for traditional treatment of the meno-
pause.
A variety of treatment schedules
to manage different clinical situations
and to individualize patient needs is
essential. These can be broken down
into two simple types: treatment for
the patient whose uterus has been re-
moved, and treatment for the patient
whose uterus is intact.
1. The patient whose uterus has
been removed: These patients simply
require sufficient daily estrogen to
achieve maximum well-being and re-
store vaginal maturation indices to
normal. A progestogen alone or com-
bined with added estrogen may be
added for five days a month for ba-
lance; but this is not essential, for en-
dometrial shedding is not required. The
metabolic action and biological need
of progesterone-like steroids remain
obscure and ill-defined at the present
time.
Natural estrogens (conjugated estro-
gens, equine), marketed as Premarin,
are preferred as the selected estrogen,
being well-tolerated, effective, and
uniquely beneficial in the treatment
and prevention of atherosclerosis.
2. The patient whose uterus is in-
tact: Most patients who have not had
hysterectomy fall into four groups:
age 35-50 (perimenopausal); age 50-60
(menopausal); age 60-70; and age 70
upward.
Age 35-50 (perimenopausal):
If ovulation control is desired, one
of the combined or sequential estrogen-
progestogen packets will fulfill treat-
ment purposes. Individualization is
essential. The combined tabulation is
indicated where menorrhagia has been
a problem to reduce both the duration
and quantity of bleeding. The sequen-
tial package is preferred where there
has been gross disturbance of the
menstrual cycle, particularly if bleed-
ing has been scant or painful.
If ovulation control is not impor-
tant, natural estrogens (conjugated es-
trogens, equine) are useful and well-
36 THE CANADIAN NURSE
tolerated, and are prescribed from
Day 1 to Day 21 of each cycle. One
of the combined tabulations completes
therapy from Day 22 to Day 26 to in-
duce medical curettage on Day 28.
This cycle can be easily modified for
convenience by shortening or prolong-
ing the estrogen phase.
Age 50-60 (menopausal):
The patient with gross ovarian de-
ficiency, as indicated by failure of
menstruation, hot flushes or other
symptoms and signs of the menopause,
requires sufficient daily estrogen to
satisfy her needs as determined by
relief of symptoms and, helpfully, but
less important, by the vaginal cyto-
gram. Once this has been accomplish-
ed with the use of conjugated estro-
gens, (equine 0.625 mg. to 2.50 mg.
daily), medical curettage is induced
monthly with one of the combined es-
trogens and progestogens. in doses of
0.5 mg. to 2 mg. of the progestogen
for 5 to 10 days, in addition to the
basic daily therapy with natural estro-
gens. The dosage and duration of this
medical curettage regimen is indivi-
dualized after a few months according
to the patient's behavior, the length
and amount of menstrual flow, well-
being, etc.
Patients are allowed to decide the
day of their menstrual flow by simple
instructions; menses will occur two to
three days following cessation of the
medical curettage tablets. The menstru-
al flow should be scant, short, and
without significant distress. There
however if intermenstrual bleeding
after the first two months of therapy;
however if inter-menstrual bleeding
occurs, diagnostic curettage is indi-
cated particularly if the bleeding does
not respond to increased estrogen dos-
age.
· Mestranol O. J mg. and ethynodiol diace-
tate, .S mg., J mg. (Ovulen), and 2 mg. (Me-
tnden) were used in 55 percent of patients
in this series, and
re supplied by G.D.
Searle and Company of Canada.
Age 60-70:
After the age of 60, the production of
endogenous male hormone subsides to
low levels. If continued menstruation
is objectionable, the regimen may now
be changed to one of a combined es-
trogen and androgen tablet for cycles
of 25 days a month. The patient's well-
being, a positive nitrogen balance, and
adequate vaginal cornification indices
are maintained. Menstrual function
comes to an end, although in some
patients slight withdrawal bleeding may
occur when therapy is interrupted.
Age 70 upward:
Small amounts of estrogen, andro-
gen and geriatric vitamins given in
combined tabulation for 25 days a
month have been found most useful
to maintain vigorous old age, with
local estrogens given vaginally for uro-
genital integrity.
Such regimens allow easy individual-
ization of each patient. The objective
of this program is to extend middle
age for women by 10 years, and, there-
after, to supply supportive anabolic
steroids into old age. Sufficient ex-
perience has now been obtained to in-
dicate that this can be accomplished
with few treatment problems. Such
therapy appears safe, inexpensive and
rewarding in its physical and emotional
benefits. The basic concept of treat-
ment is similar to the use of thyroid in
myxedema, or insulin in diabetes mel-
litus.
Discussion
If there is a need for lifelong estro-
gen, and if treatment is easy, what then
are the usual arguments against such
therapy?
Estrogen-Cancer Relationship
No convincing proof that estrogen
has caused cancer in a human being
has ever been established, in spite of
a widespread feeling among some doc-
tors and some laity that the opposite is
true. Cancer of the breast is more
treacherous in pregnancy when estro-
gen excretion levels are extremely high;
but this association is rare, having an
incidence of about three breast cancers
FEBRUARY 1967
in 10,000 pregnancies. In endometrial
cancer, there may be evidence of a
long-standing estrogen influence, and
this lesion occurs with increased fre-
quency in association with estrogen-
producing tumors of the ovary, and in
ovarian polycystic disease (Stein-Levin-
thai syndrome). This association does
not indicate any definite carcinogenic
relationship, but likely reflects an ab-
sence of progestational medical cu-
rettage, for cyclic menstruation is ca-
ture's method of endometrial deter-
gence.
The rarity of cancer in women with
normal ovarian function, the insigni-
ficant number of reported cases of
breast or genital cancer in women
taking birth control pills or other es-
trogen therapy, the absence of experi-
mental evidence that estrogen incites
cancer, suggest there is little signifi-
cant estrogen-cancer relationship.
Continuing Menstruation
Menstrual function is not a pleasant
phenomenon. A waste of time, messy,
expensive, often uncomfortable, it is
understandable that, for most women,
the menopause offers welcome relief
after about 400 monthly cycles, less
the normal interruptions of pregnancy
and lactation.
But menstruation is an excellent
monitor of ovarian and uterine func-
tion. Normal cyclic menstruation is a
reassuring indication that physiological
replacement ovarian therapy has been
achieved. Women with ovarian de-
ficiency obtain maximum benefit if
normal estrogen-progestogen levels of
these hormones are created. A
natural consequence will be menstrua-
tion. This is accepted by most patients
in the 50 to 60 age group when its
significance is discussed. These women
consider menstruation a small price
to pay for relief from menopausal
symptoms, with the additional pos-
sibility of delayed aging of many vital
organs and functions.
Expense
Replacement ovarian therapy costs
between $15.00 and $50.00 per year,
depending on the steroids selected and
FEBRUARY 1967
the desired replacement. Cigarets cost
$150.00 a year; weekly hairdressing
averages $200.00. This therapy must
be considered inexpensive in any com-
parative study with clothes, cosmetics,
alcohol or travel.
Tampering with Nature
This argument is the most superficial
of all. Doctors, nurses, and the healing
professions generally, wage a constant
battle against nature's hazards. Anes-
thesia, modern surgery, antibiotics,
blood transfusions, immunization, and
pasteurization are examples of tamper-
ing with nature. And who would argue
against their use? The person who be-
lieves that the menopause is a natural
process defies nature every day by
wearing clothes, eating foods or driving
cars. Modern man flies against gravity
and sends rockets to the moon.
Nature has fallen behind medical
progress, for the average woman will
outlive her ovaries by 25 years.
Estrogen from the corner drugstore
will correct this deficiency more natur-
ally than tranquilizers and psycho-
therapy.
What About Men?
The argument that there are already
too many elderly women and widows
in the world, and the question "What is
to be done for men?" is much more
pertinent. Doctors interested in this
concept for women are concerned with
adding abundance rather than years to
life. In men, male hormones, hyper-
tension, and atherosclerosis are bad
associates, particularly when linked
with the stress of the market place,
unfulfilled ambition, cigaret smoking,
obesity, and lack of physical fitness.
These influences become complicated
when assessed individually. Generally,
to the extent that a menopausal wife
can, with hormones, enjoy a fulfilled
middle age, men can approach the 50's
certain that their wives will remain
feminine - emotionally, physically,
and sexually - down the road of life.
It is hoped that this may be a strong
influence on longevity as the other
problems of male aging are studied and
conquered.
Summary
The case for lifelong estrogen for
women has been discussed. Experience
in studving 777 women who have been
assessed for this treatment suggests
overwhelming acceptance of the basic
concept. There is need for wide appli-
cation of its potential benefits to the
millions of women suffering actively
or passively from ovarian deficiency,
particularly after the menopause. 0
THE CANADIAN NURSE 37
A wealth of articles recommendmg
the use of estrogen both before and
after the menopause have appeared in
the literature of the medical and para-
medical professions for several ye.ars
now. Some authors have even sug-
gested cyclic administration of an es-
trogen-progesterone combination de-
signed to restore a menstrual pattern
in the menopausal woman. Whether
or not the woman herself is desirous
of such a result would appear to be
a legitimate question. As one outcome
of this literary deluge, many persons
have wondered about and questioned
the value of estrogens as a sort of
legendary Fountain of Youth able to
rejuvenate anyone who bathes in its
waters.
Two distinct philosophies can be
gleaned from the mass of literary opin-
ion on the subject of the menopause
in general. On the one side we have
those who consider the menopause as
an illness and consequently believe that
the climacteric woman should receive
compensatory hormonal therapy in-
definitely, however minor her symp-
toms. On the other side are those who
view the menopause as a period of
physiological adjustment or adaptation
to a new phase of life and who reserve
hormonal therapy for the woman who
exhibits estrogen deficiency. This phil-
osophV represents the thinking of the
majority of medical writers.
In this article the indications for
and methods of estrogen administra-
38 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Estrogen and the
menopause
Estrog('ns are by no means a panacea for all the problems of aging in women.
They must be used knowledgeably and not simply as a tonic.
Jean Blanchet, B.A., M.D., F.R.C.S. (C)
,
")
Dr. Blanchet is on the obstetrical and gyne-
cological service of The Montreal General
Hospital.
tion will be discussed and, by out-
lining the various precautions and
contraindications involved, it will be
shown why hormonal therapy should
not be used routinely or indefinitely
in all women of menopausal age.
Artificial menopaus('
A distinction must first be drawn
between natural and induced meno-
pause. Young women who have un-
dergone bilateral oophorectomies or
radiation castration necessarily re-
quire special consideration. Compen-
satory estrogen therapy is definitely in-
dicated to offset the sudden and almost
total suppression of estrogen forma-
tion by the body, and subsequent
premature aging.
Natural menopause
The menopausal phenomenon oc-
curring as an outcome of natural ova-
rian failure shows considerable varia-
tion from one woman to another. Vagi-
nal smears taken several years after on-
set show only minor estrogen deficiency
in most women examined. Medical
writers are in general agreement that
only 15 to 25 percent of menopausal
patients have symptoms that warrant
hormonal therapy. In actual fact, only
the hot flushes experienced by the
climacteric woman are directly due to
hormonal deficiency. Other symptoms
such as depression, anxiety, and in-
somnia are temporary manifestations
of psychological problems. The me-
nopause is essentially a physiological
process which is only occasionally as-
sociated with a hormonal deficiency.
Compensatory therapy is indicated
only for those women who show mark-
ed symptoms of this deficiency.
Diagnosis
The estrogen-deficient menopausal
patient is easily recognized by a his-
tory of hot flushes, night sweats, leu-
corrhea, bloody vaginal discharge, as
the result of a vaginitis or atrophic
cervicitis. Cytology results confirm the
suspicion with the finding of a low
percentage of cornified cells. The
atrophic vaginal mucosa shows an
FEBRUARY 1967
abundance of immature and parabasal
cells. Cytology has become part of
routine examination. It is easily per-
formed and can be carried out as
readily in the doctor's office as in
the laboratory.
Clinical signs
Laboratory and clinical findings de-
monstrate the result of hypoestrinism.
There is atrophy of the secondary
sexual characteristics and of the sexual
organs, with senile vaginitis. Excessive
activity of the anterior hypophysis is
manifested by hot flushes and night
sweats. Metabolic changes occur with
associated hypercholesterolemia, athe-
rosclerosis and hypertension. Osteo-
porosis may develop as well.
Hormonal therapy
Women who experience acute, in-
tractable vasomotor disorders that do
not respond to symptomatic therapy
are candidates for estrogen therapy
until their symptoms disappear. Osteo-
porosis and atherosclerosis are the two
conditions to be feared in those pa-
tients suffering from acute estrogen
deficiency either at the time of the
menopause or later. Osteoporosis of
the spinal column may appear as late
as five years after the onset of the
menopause. Backache is the usual
complaint characterizing this condition
although spontaneous fractures may
occur as the process continues. Radio-
logical examination is necessary to
confirm the presence of osteoporosis.
Hormonal therapy can slow down and
even prevent further degenerative
changes while the patient's energy,
strength and general sense of well-
being are augmented.
Atherosclerosis, with its attendant
threat of myocardial infarction and
hypertension, most commonly affects
males rather than young women. How-
ever, the incidence tends to become
the same for both sexes after the age
of 60 if the woman shows signs and
symptoms of hypoestrinism. About 20
to 25 percent of patients require com-
pensatory hormonal therapy. Cyclical
administration of estrogens has a
preventive function in this instance.
Estrogens should be administered
cyclically, simulating the physiological
release of hormone by the body - for
example, three weeks' administration
followed by one week's rest. This
pattern avoids continual stimulation of
the endometrium with its attendant
dangers: hyperplasia and neoplasia.
The smallest effective dose is the
maximum dose that should be used.
Duration of treatment is governed
by clinical response and evidence of
maturation of the vaginal tract. Theo-
retically a patient can be treated in-
FEBRUARY 1967
definitely but as a general rule this is
unnecessary.
Complications
Estrogen administration, especially
in. synthetic form, is accompanied by
nausea and vomiting in a certain
number of patients. A weaker dose
or the use of natural estrogens fre-
quently overcomes the difficulty. The
main problem for the woman with
an intact uterus is vaginal bleeding.
Investigation to rule out the possibility
of organic etiology is indicated, other-
wise a decrease in the dosage of es-
trogen or the addition of androgens
frequently eliminates this complication.
Such bleeding is always a source of
anxiety and should never be treated
lightly.
Contraindications
A careful assessment of the patient's
physical state should precede the de-
cision to prescribe estrogen therapy.
A past history of breast cancer or
cancer of the genital tract precludes
estrogen administration. The presence
of carcinogens in this hormone has
not been proven but laboratory find-
ings and the clinical effects observed
in relation to breast cancer indicate
the need for extreme caution. Patients
with a history of cardiac failure must
also be excluded from such treatment.
Any patient who complains of menor-
rhagia or metrorrhagia at the time of
or after the menopause should have
complete medical investigation in-
cluding gynecological examination, va-
ginal cytology, and, in many instances,
uterine curettage to rule out the pres-
ence of other disease entities.
Estrogens are contraindicated in
the presence of jaundice or hepatic
dysfunction. Liver function tests are
recommended even in the absence of
overt symptoms. Most doctors hesitate
to prescribe estrogens if the patient
has had thrombo-embolism or is suf-
fering form thrombophlebitis or vari-
cose veins. They exercise great caution
if there is evidence of cardiac or renal
disease, hypertension, epilepsy, or
asthma. The possible effects of hor-
monal administration on calcium and
phosphorus metabolism must not be
overlooked in those patients demons-
trating irregularities in metabolism of
these substances.
The development of severe head-
ache, impaired vision, migraine, di-
plopia, or any other neuro-ophthalmo-
logical condition requires immediate
withdrawal of estrogen therapy. The
same procedure applies if changes in
the visual field, retinal hemorrhage or
papillary edema are detected.
In the case of the diabetic patient,
estrogen therapy may alter insulin
requirements. The woman who has had
an earlier psychiatric problem, par-
ticularly a depressive state, must be
carefully supervised throughout her
course of therapy. Any indication of
recurrence of the psychiatric condition
requires immediate cessation of hor-
monal therapy.
Non-hormonal therapy
About 75 to 80 percent of meno-
pausal women retain an adequate pro-
duction of estrogens as has been
proven by vaginal cytology; either the
ovaries are not totally atrophied or
estrogen production is taken over
by the adrenal glands. Explanation
and reassurance are two of the great-
est aids to these patients with occa-
<;ional recourse to light sedation or
mild doses of tranquilizers.
Conclusion
The successful management of the
menopausal syndrome calls for good
sense, sympathy, and patience. Com-
plete opposition to the use of hor-
monal therapy is as much to be de-
plored as empirical administration to
every menopausal patient. The latter
philosophy seems particularly unjus-
tified when it is remembered that less
than one-quarter of menopausal
women exhibit signs and svmptoms of
hvpoestrinism. The administration of
hormones must be undertaken thought-
fully,
nd carefully supervised as the
foregoin!:( consideration of contraindi-
catiõns to hormonal therapy and the
precautions to be taken has indicated.
o
THE CANADIAN NURSE 39
Drug distribution may be described
as the procedure by which a drug gets
from outside of the hospital to the
inside of the patient, with the primary
object of getting the right drug into
the right patient at the right time.
The total process involves the phy-
sician, the nurse, the pharmacist, and
the patient. The physidan plans the
course of drug therapy and evaluates
its results, the pharmacist dispenses
the required drugs, the nurse adminis-
ters them, and the patient, in most
cases, accepts them with trusting re-
signation. But this statement is an
oversimplification for in the modem
hospital a horde of people are involved
in the execution of any single task.
It has been estimated that more than
20 different people are involved at
one time or another in the procedures
for getting a single dose of a drug
into a patient. 1
The responsibilities of nursing and
pharmacy in the drug distribution pro-
cess have been delineated as adminis-
tration and dispensing respectively.
However, these activities do not take
place in a vacuum; they are interde-
pendent and frequently overlap. Nor
do they always take place in complete
harmony. One administrator has been
driven to write that "many adminis-
trators agreed that if they could get
pharmacy and nursing to cooperate
fully, many other problems would dis-
solve.":! Life should be so simple!
The aim of this paper is to exa-
mine those areas of drug distribution
40 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Nurse and pharmacist
-partners
The mutual responsibilities of pharmacy and nursing in drug distribution.
Jack L. Summers
which are of mutual concern to phal-
macy and nursing, some of the prob-
lems which arise, and some means of
minimizing these problems.
Methods of dispensing
Two basic systems of dispensing
drugs have been in use in hospitals for
many years: the floor stock system and
the individual prescription system.
The Floor Stock System is one in
which all but infrequently used drugs
are stocked on the nursing station.
While this system provides the nurse
with an immediate supply of most
drugs, it is costly in terms of nursing
time, space requirements, and inven-
tory, and it lacks control.
In the J ndividual Prescription Sys-
tem practically all medication orders
are dispensed by a pharmacist in the
form of an individual prescription for
a specific patient. This system pro-
vides a high degree of inventory con-
trol and ensures that the physician's
drug orders have been interpreted by
a pharmacist. But the system requires
a great deal of dispensing time without
a compensating reduction in nursing
time. And unless the system functions
with flawless precision, a most un-
Mr. Summers is Professor of Pharmacy,
University of Saskatchewan. He is also Edi-
tor of The Hospital Phamacist, and until
recently, Assistant Director, University Hos-
pital, Saskatoon. He served on the Com-
mittee on Nursing Education that prepared
the Tucker Report.
likely event, there are delays in the
arrival of medications at the nursing
units. This system was popular when
patients were charged for individual
medications, a situation which still
exists in some hospitals in the United
States.
The system now in use in most Ca-
nadian hospitals is a combination of
the floor stock and individual pres-
cription systems. A limited number of
frequently used drugs, not commonly
considered prescription drugs, are
maintained as floor stocks. These in-
clude analgesics, laxatives, antiseptics,
and intravenous fluids. The remaining
drugs are supplied on an individuàl
prescription basis.
Some interesting work is being done
in the development of more effective
svstems of drug distribution. However,
this work is largely experimental and
at the present time no practical alter-
native to the traditional svstems is
readily applicable to Canadian hos-
pitals.
Drug order cycle
From the time that a drug is
ordered by a physician until it is ad-
ministered to the patient, a sequence
of events takes place which, for the
want of a more descriptive term, shall
be called the drug order cycle. A brief
examination of these events will illus-
trate the involvement of pharmacy and
nursing.
. The physician decides on a
course of drug therapy and orders the
FEBRUARY 1967
drugs to be administered to his pa-
tient. This information is communi-
cated to the nurse and entered in the
patient's record.
. The drug is ordered from phar-
macy. If the drug is maintained as
floor stock, the request to pharmacy
is in the form of periodic requisitions
for floor stock replenishment. If the
drug is not in the ward stock, an in-
dividual prescription order is transmit-
ted to pharmacy. This may involve the
nurse in recopying the physician's
original order.
. When the prescription order is
received in pharmacy, it is interpreted,
and the appropriate drug selected,
packaged, and labeled.
. The completed drug order is re-
turned, hopefully to the floor from
which it originated.
. When the completed drug order
arrives at the nursing station, it is
scheduled for administration according
to the physician's instructions. This
procedure involves checking the ori-
ginal order, storage of the drug, and
the creation of medication tickets.
. At the appointed time, a single
dose of the drug is prepared for ad-
ministration, taken to the right patient,
and administered by the appropriate
route. But the administration of the
drug is not the end of the cycle.
. The nurse observes the effects
of the drug on the patient who may
respond favorably, or adversely, or
not at all. Regardless of its nature, the
response of the patient is of impor-
tance to the physician and is record-
ed and communicated to him.
. At regular intervals the physician
evaluates the effects of the drug the-
rapy and orders that it be continued,
or altered, or discontinued. At this
point the cycle ends and may be re-
peated.
The number of separate events in
the drug order cycle is appalling. With
the possibility of error accompanying
each event and the introduction of
each new person into the interpretation
and transmission of the physician's
order, the wonder is not that there
is an occasional error but that there
FEBRUARY 1967
are not more of them! And in ad-
dition to being subject to errors, this
complex procedure is excessively de-
manding of the time of the nurse
Problem areas
It would be kind to say that the
prevalent systems of drug distribution
are cumbersome. But what are the
alternatives?
Two approaches appear to be open:
Adopt an entirely new system of drug
distribution which will eliminate the
present difficulties, and probably in-
troduce an entirely new set of prob-
lems; and improve the traditional sys-
tems by simplifying procedures and
utilizing better methods of communi-
cation.
It has already been noted that, in
spite of considerable work on new
methods, there seems to be no prac-
tical alternative to the traditional sys-
tems of drug distribution for most
hospitals at this particular moment.
Thus, the most productive approach
for the immediate future appears to
be the modification of existing systems
to reduce the number of steps and
people involved in the process. These
changes should aim at reducing the
possibility of medication errors and
relieving the nurse of as much detail
as possible so that she will have more
time to spend with her patients.
If significant improvements in the
present methods of handling drug
orders are to be effected, a clearer
picture of the problem areas which
are of mutual concern to nursing and
pharmacy is necessary. Let us examine
some of these areas in detail.
Origin and transmission of individual
prescription orders
It is common practice for the phy-
sician's orders to be written in an
order book. Drug orders are then
transcribed by the nurse to individual
prescription forms and transmitted to
pharmacy for dispensing.
While the initiation of the physi-
cian's order directly involves the nurse
and the physician, it is important to
the pharmacist that there be no ambi-
guity about the intention of the phy-
sician. The order should include the
name of the drug, the dosage form,
the dose, the route of administration,
and the duration of therapy. If prob-
lems arise at this stage, the remainder
of the process is an exercise in error
which may harm the patient.
In an attempt to overcome errors
of interpreting drug nomenclature,
some hospitals require the attending
physician to print the name of the drug
in the order book or on a special drug
order sheet. But even when the name
of the drug is perfectly legible, errors
of intent may occur.
Recently a physician intended to
order Placidyl* - a non-barbiturate
sedative - but Flaxedil** - a potent
muscle relaxant used to supplement
general anesthetics - was written in
the order book. The order was ques-
tioned by the pharmacist, checked by
the nurse against the order book, and
the drug sent to the ward. The drug
was subsequently administered to the
patient who developed acute respira-
tory distress. The situation was rec-
tified by the prompt action of the
nursing staff, but it provided an ex-
cellent lesson to both pharmacy and
nursing. The pharmacist should have
been aware of the fact that potent
muscle relaxants are normally used
only in the operating theaters, and the
drug should not have been delivered
without checking with the physician
However, the example is not cited to
be critical of judgments but rather
to illustrate that the intention of the
physician is of mutual concern to the
pharmacist and the nurse.
The practice of transcribing the
physician's original order, usually by
a nurse, to a prescription form for
subsequent transmission to pharmacy
is questionable. It introduces a pos-
sibility of error in transcription, a
source of additional work, and several
more pieces of paper to clog the
machinery of drug distribution.
.Placidyl - registered trade name for Ab-
bott Laboratories brand of ethchlorvynol.
uFlaxedii - registered trade name for
Poulenc Limited brand of gallamine triethi-
odide.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 41
The transmission of drug orders
can be simplified by the use of a du-
plicate drug order that provides a copy
for the nurse and a copy for the phar-
macist which serves as a prescription
requisition. This procedure eliminates
the recopying of drug orders and gives
the pharmacists the physician's original
order for interpretation. Questions re-
garding the order mav be discussed
directly with the physician by the phar-
macist. keeping in mind that nursing
must be informed of any change in
the original order.
A drug order form that appears to
solve many of the problems of trans-
mitting the physician's original order
to pharmacy has been developed and
used by Joseph Brant Memorial Hos-
pitaJ3.
Regardless of the system used for
ordering a drug from pharmacy, the
actual transfer of the order should not
require a nurse, or a member of her
staff, to deliver it to pharmacy. The
pneumatic tube, or other automated
transport device, provides a conven-
ient delivery system. In older hos-
pitals, the use of a routine drug or-
der pick-up service, supplemented by
telephone and pharmacy runner,
should make the use of nursing staff
as messengers an outmoded form of
communication.
Prescription labeling
Dispensing is the role of the phar-
macist. While there is little mutual
concern with this phase of operations,
the labeling of the prescription is of
some importance to the nurse. The
label should provide her with suffi-
cient information to get the right drug
into the right patient. In hospitals, it
is customary to label the prescription
with the name and location of the
patient, the name of the prescribing
physician, and the name and strength
of the drug. Directions are omitted
unless specificalIy requested because
the nurse has a number of orders.
card files, medication tickets, and
other assorted sources of information
that give her the dosage schedule of
the drug order. One more source of
information would but add to the con-
fusion.
42 THE CANADIAN NURSE
The name of the drug which ap-
pears on the label frequently poses a
problem to the nurse. Drug nomen-
clature, being the jungle that it is,
makes it possible to label a drug with
a variety of names, alI of which may
be different from the name by which
the physician ordered the drug. The
nurse is not an expert in drug nomen-
clature and it should not be necessary
for her to search reference works to
verify the fact that the name on the
label is synonymous with that by
which the drug was ordered.
The source of the problem is that,
if a physician orders a drug by its
trade name, and a brand of the drug
other than that calIed for by the trade
name is supplied, the prescription
cannot legally or ethicalIy be labeled
with the brand name specified in the
physician's original order. In such
cases the common name of the drug
should be used to identify the drug
supplied. But when this is done, the
label should also read "Dispensed in
place of (brand name specified by
physician)." Thus the nurse does not
have to guess at the meaning of the
common name nor phone to the phar-
macy to see why Mrs. Jones' order has
not arrived!
It must be emphasized that the dis-
pensing of a brand of drug other than
that specified in the physician's order
may only take place with the approval
of the physician, or under the author-
ity of the Pharmacy and Therapeutic
Committee of the Medical Staff.
.. ...
.
"
Pre!>cription delivery
Once a drug order has been trans-
mitted to pharmacy the nurse should
be relieved of further responsibility
until the drug arrives back on her
ward in time to meet the needs of the
patient. But alI too frequently things
don't happen quite this smoothly and
there is a last minute panic to locate
a drug which has been, or should
have been, ordered some time pre-
viously.
Drug orders arrive at the pharmacy
like bananas - in bunches - and the
pharmacist must attempt to place a
realistic priority on their completion.
Some means of indicating emergency
orders for immediate return to the
ward should be worked out between
pharmacy and nursing. "Stat" orders
should not be abused to expedite the
delivery of non-urgent drug require-
ments.
The mechanics of delivering drug
orders to the wards are unimportant
providing that they are convenient for
both nursing and pharmacy, and get
the drugs to the ward in time for ad-
ministration. Delivery may be achieved
by pneumatic tube, or some automatic
conveyor system, by a routine delivery
service, or pharmacy runner, or a
combination of methods. But the me-
thod should meet the requirements of
the particular hospital and deliver the
goods - on time. It is the responsi-
bility of the pharmacist to ensure that
it does so!
FEBRUARY 1967
After-hour pharmacy service
While most of the problems of mu-
tual concern to pharmacy and nursing
arise in the course of the drug order
cycle, several additional areas con-
tribute their share of headaches. After-
hour pharmacy service is a fairly con-
sistent source of distress.
The pharmacy department is open
and fully staffed for a definite period
of time each day. On weekends and
holidays a reduced staff is usually
present at certain times to provide for
the immediate requirements of the pa-
tient.
The hours of operation of the phar-
macy should reflect the demands for
service. More than 90 percent of new
drug orders originate between the
hours of 8:00 A. M. and 5:00 P. M.
Monday to Friday, and this factor de-
termines the hours of full operation.
However. in some hospitals the medi-
cal staff make rounds in the early
evening after office hours. This prac-
tice creates a number of new drug or-
ders and it is reasonable to e;pect
pharmacy to provide service over this
period.
But, illness in general, and emergen-
cies in particular, have refused to ob-
serve the sanctity of the 40-hour week,
and hospitals are required to function
24 hours a day for seven days each
week. Drugs are required after the
pharmacy is closed for the day and
there must be some procedure for ob-
taining adequate pharmacy service
after regular hours.
The aim of after-hour pharmacy ser-
vice is to provide the nurse with those
drugs that are necessary to meet the
immediate requirements of the patient
without undue inconvenience to the
nursing staff. Under no circumstances
shoull the nurse be required to engage
in dispensing. The system should en-
sure that a pharmacist is always avail-
able to discuss medication problems
with the nurse, and to return to the
hospital if the occasion demands.
The ideal solution to after-hour ser-
vice is to have the pharmacy open
for 24 hours a day. For some lafJ.!er
hospitals this approach is a sensible
solution; for some it is a necessity!
However, for most hospitals, 24-hour
operation of the pharmacy department
FEBRUARY 1967
is neither practical nor necessary. But
the responsibility for 24-hour phar-
macy service must rest with the phar-
macist and it is his task to come up
with a suitable answer to his own par-
ticular situation.
The use of an emergency drug sup-
ply for after-hour drug requirements
is a common practice. The nurse, or
more specifically the evening or night
supervisor, is expected to go to the
supply, select the right package, and
leave a requisition for what she has
taken.
While this system does meet a need
- the need for drugs in an emergency
- it is time-consuming and cumber-
some for the nurse. Indeed, it is diffi-
cult to consider it as a service. The
emergency drug system is much too
often used as a substitute for adequate
pharmacy service.
Most medium-sized hospitals require
something between full-time pharmacy
service and the night supervisor as-
suming full responsibility for the dis-
pensing of after-hour drugs. There are
many ways in which the required ser-
vices can be provided, short of 24-
hour pharmacy staffing. The extension
of pharmacy hours on a reduced staff
basis to cover busy evening periods
and weekends, a pharmacist on call,
utilization of retail pharmacists, and
conveniently located pre-packaged
emergency drug supplies may all con-
tribute part of the solution. A combi-
nation of these methods should pro-
vide a satisfactory after-hour pharma-
cy service for most hospitals. But the
degree of service required by a hos-
pital after hours, and the adequacy of
the measures for providing it, should
be arrived at by consultation between
pharmacy and nursing.
Ward stock medications
The pharmacist is responsible for
all drugs in the hospital, regardless of
their location. This includes drugs
maintained as ward stocks.
There are two areas of mutual con-
cern to the nurse and the pharmacist
relative to ward stocks. The first is
the list of drugs to be kept on wards
and the second is the procedure for
replenishing stocks of these drugs.
The purpose of ward stocks is to
provide the nurse with a convenient
supply of most items used in routine
performance of nursing care. Require-
ments for ward medication should be
maintained without a complicated re-
quisitioning and accounting system
and without the nurse being required
to move from the \\'ard to obtain sup-
plies.
The selection of drugs for each ward
should be worked o
t between the
pharmacist and the head nurse of the
particular ward because requirements
vary from ward to ward. While the
nurse may prefer to have all of her
drug requirements readily at hand.
there is some limit, short of the entire
dispensary inventory, that must be
accepted as reasonable. Floor stocks
should not be considered as an inflex-
ible list of drugs but rather a group
of drugs that may be augmented or re-
duced to meet current fashion of drug
therapy and the type of patient on th
ward.
Expensive drugs that may be readily
consumed by other than patients. such
as antibiotics, should not be requested
as ward stocks. Large ward stocks
require an increased inventory which
defeats the purpose of central drug
control, and, indeed, add to the con-
fusion of preparing medications for
patients.
To reorder ward stocks, the most
that should be required of the nurse
is to check off a preprinted form. The
responsibility for picking up orders and
delivering the drugs to the ward at
a convenient time rests with the phar-
macist.
Some hospitals no longer use ward
stock requisitions. The pharmacist
brings the drugs to the wards, checks
the existing supplies, and brings them
up to a scale of issue previously agreed
upon with the staff of the nursing
unit. A modification of this system is
a mobile ward stock unit which is
wheeled up to the ward to replace the
old unit which is taken back to the
pharmacy for replenishment. 4
Narcotic control
The responsibility for accounting
for narcotics and "controlled" drugs
falls upon both the pharmacist and the
nurse.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 43
While the law is quite specific as to
what must be done, pharmacy and
nursing can work together to develop
procedures which fulfill both the letter
and the spirit of the regulations with-
out creating too great an inconve-
nience to either profession.
Requisitioning procedures should
require only the signature of the head
nurse or her deputy. The requested
narcotics and controlled drugs may
then be delivered to the ward at a
convenient time each day. Nursing
units should stock adequate supplies
of narcotics and controlled drugs and
should not be required to return an
empty container before being allowed
to reorder a second. This makes it
possible for the nurse to plan her nar-
cotic orders on the basis of a 24-hour
requirement and prevents needless
trips and requisitions by both pharma-
cy and the nursing unit.
It should not be necessary for the
nurse to return the completed record
of administration to the pharmacy per-
sonally unless some problem has ari-
sen. Under normal circumstances, it
should be sufficient for both records
and containers to be picked up by
pharmacy when narcotics are deli-
vered, or sent back with the normal
drug returns.
A shift count of narcotics is some-
times required by nursing service. The
merits of this particular form of enter-
tainment will not be debated at this
point. But where such a procedure is
required, it is helpful if narcotics are
packaged in such a manner that indi-
vidual doses can be seen and counted
without removing them from the con-
tainer. This prevents wear and tear on
both narcotics and nursing tempers.
Many such containers are now availa-
ble and there is no valid reason for
not putting them to use.
Nursing may greatly assist in the
control of these drugs bv bringing
problems to the attention of the phar-
macist as soon as they are suspected.
Narcotics that have not been used for
some time should be returned to the
dispensary rather than left on the ward
for daily counting.
Developments in drug distribution
It is becoming increasingly obvious
44 THE CANADIAN NURSE
that the traditional methods of drug
distribution are no longer adequate
to meet the requirements of the mod-
ern hospital. The most significant
reasons are said to be:
I. The high percentage of medica-
tion errors reported in the literature
and
2. the widespread shortage of per-
sonnel, especially nurses. ã
Work is being done on the develop-
ment of several new systems of drug
distribution, most of which are based
on the unit-dose system of dispensing.
In this system, all drugs are delivered
to the floor in single doses, labeled
for specific patients, and ready for
administration, immediately prior to
the time at which they are to be ad-
ministered to the patient. All that is
required of the nurse is to take the
prepared medication to the right pa-
tient and administer it.
The successful introduction of such
a system will require considerable
mental and mechanical adjustment on
the part of both nursing and pharma-
cy. But regardless of the problems in-
volved, few should quarrel with the
object of the system, which is to re-
lieve the nurse of many of the time-
consuming mechanical details which
now keep her from the patient. It
should also contribute to a reduction
of the volume of waste paper which
now accumulates in the nursing sta-
tion. 1I
Automated dispensing units of the
vending machine type have been intro-
duced in an attempt to improve drug
distribution techniques. While this de-
vice does have some very desirable
features, it does little to improve the
lot of the nurse. Indeed, this type of
equipment is now obsolescent in the
light of newer developments.
Some of the more sophisticated ad-
vanced systems incorporate the utiliza-
tion of automatic data processing
and telecommunications. Not only
does the system deliver the required
drugs in unit doses, but sends a mes-
sage reminding the nurse that medica-
tion is due for certain patients whose
names are printed out. The machine
calls back in 15 minutes to ask if the
task has been completed. 7
One of the new developments al-
lows the physician to select and or-
der his drug therapy on a device si-
milar to a television screen. One gets
the impression that the nursing station
in the automated hospital will resemble
a fire control unit of a nuclear bat-
tleship.
Many of the experimental systems
being tested at the present time will be
applicable only to specialized hospi-
tals. But out of the present work will
evolve a new system, or systems,
which will be applicable to all hospi-
tals, and which will solve many of the
problems which beset both pharmacy
and nursing in the process of drug
distribution.
Until new systems are developed,
there is much that can be done to im-
prove the present methods of providing
drugs for patients. But to do so will
require a genuine effort on the part
of nurses and pharmacists to become
familiar with their areas of mutual
responsibilitv and to minimize the
causes of friction which are irritating
to ourselves and detrimental to the
welfare of our patients.
But regardless of the development
of new systems, the introduction of
automation, and the use of automatic
data processing, the pharmacist will
not provide the nurse with the assis-
tance which she requires, and which
he is capable of providing, until he
moves out of the dispensary to where
the action is - on the wards of the
hospital. The shiny new tools and
gadgets, from which so much is ex-
pected, must be looked upon as a
means of helping to achieve this aim.
References
J. Latiolais, C.J. Hosp. Manag. 94: 80.
Sept. 1964.
2. Biggs, E. L. The Administrator-Pharma-
cist Relatiornhip. Canad. Hosp. 43: 44,
June 1966.
3. Smythe, H.A. Hosp. Pharm. 19: 103.
May-June 1966.
4. Victorine. Sister M. Amer. J. Hosp.
Pharm. 15: 973, Nov. 1958.
5. Stauffer. I.E. Hosp. Pharm. 19: 149.
July-Aug. 1966.
6. Barker, K.N. and Heller, W.M. Amer.
J. Hosp. Pharm. 20: 568, Nov. 1963.
7. Jang, R. and Barker, K.N. Mod. Hosp.
p. 124, April 1965. 0
FEBRUARY 1967
Tumors of the skin are very com-
mon, usually occurring on exposed
surfaces such as the face or the back
of the hands, but can appear anywhere,
particularly if the site is subject to
persistent trauma. Exposure to wind,
sun, and frost are etiological factors,
and skin tumors are more common in
the white populations living in tro-
pical climates and in persons such as
farmers or fishermen who work outside.
Tumors may be benign or malig-
nant, are often multiple, and seen more
frequently in the older age groups.
Some benign lesions become malignant
with time, and, although most malig-
nant tumors arise primarily in the skin,
occasionally they are a manifestation
of widespread cancer. Metastases from
breast and lung tumors are the com-
monest and the malignant lymphomata
can infiltrate the skin.
Skin cancer usually implies tumors
of epithelial origin and may be clas-
sified according to histological charac-
ters. They are generally of low-grade
malignancy and the majority are cured
at the first attempt. Where the first
The author expresses his appreciation to
Mrs. M. Gaettens of the Department of
Medicine Photography, The Princess Mar-
garet Hospital, for providing the clinical
photographs, and to Mrs. M. McIntyre for
her secretarial and typing services.
Dr. Fitzpatrick is radiotherapist at The
Princess Margaret Hospital. Toronto. On-
tario.
FEBRUARY 1967
Tumors of the skin
A brief description of the benign and malignant tumors of the skin,
and their treatment.
P.J. Fitzpatrick, M.B., D.M.R.T., F.F.R.
planned treatment fails to cure the pa-
tient, secondary measures are usually
effective and few patients succomb to
this disease.
Benign tumors
These lesions tend to have a long
history. They "sit on" the skin rather
than invade it, are frequently pigment-
ed and multiple, involving large areas.
The commonest is the hyperkeratosis
(Figure 1) which presents as a rough-
ened area of thickened skin and may
show ulceration; in time, these may
develop into squamous cell carcino-
mas. Bowen's disease is intraepithe-
Iial carcinoma that tends to occur at
mucocutaneous junctions, particularly
around the anus and the lip; these le-
sions, too, sometimes progress to frank
squamous cell cancer. The keratoacan-
thoma (Figure 2) is an interesting
tumor that is often misdiagnosed for
the more serious epithelioma. The
history is short, often of only a few
weeks duration, with rapid growth
commencing as a pimple that breaks
down in the center to show a keratin
plug. On separation this leaves an ul-
cerated, indurated base; left to itself,
spontaneous healing will occur with
an average life of 12 to 25 weeks
(Figure 3). Other benign tumors are
mentioned for completeness but are
outside the scope of this article (Figures
4, 5, 6).
Malignant tumors
Basal Cell Carcinoma
The rodent ulcer is the commonest
malignant tumor of the skin. Its site
of election is the face above a line
joining the lobe of the ear to the angle
of the mouth, particularly at embryo-
logical junctional areas. The tumor
erodes away at tissues, but does not
Common Primary Skin Tumors
BENIGN MALIGNANT
Keratosis Basal Cell Carcinoma
Wart (Rodent Ulcer)
Angioma Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Keloid (Epithelioma)
Nevus (Mole) Malignant Melanoma
Keratoacanthoma Bowen's Disease
THE CANADIAN NURSE 45
metastasize and usually is not a serious
condition, although large tumors can
produce hideous deformities. It starts
as a small lump that breaks down in
the center and refuses to heal. Growth
is slow and the edges of the tumor
are pearly white in appearance with
numerous small blood vessels present.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Epithelioma frequently arises in as-
sociation with other skin changes due
to climatic exposure or trauma. It is
therefore more common on exposed
parts of the body and grows directly
by extension into the surrounding tis-
sues, sometimes metastasizing to the
regional lymph nodes. It starts as a
pimple or ulcer that will not heal and
growth may be rapid. The edges of
the ulcer are raised, rolled, and everted
and the base bleeds easily (Figures
7, 8, 9, 10).
Malignant Melanoma
This tumor is less common than the
epithelioma and may occur anywhere
on the skin, most commonly around
the orbit or on the limbs. It has a
sinister reputation because of its black
color and its tendency to re::ur locally
Fig. 1: Seborrhea keratosis on the left
cheek of a 66-year-old farmer. It was
present for 2 years, growing slowly,
and bleeding at touch. Treated with
single shot of irradiation.
Fig. 4: Keloid scar on the back of lobe
of an ear following piercing. No
treatment given.
46 THE CANADIAN NURSE
if inadequately treated. There is a high
incidence of metastases that may ap-
pear as satellite nodules around the
primary tumor (Figure 1/) or spread
through the lymphatics to the regional
nodes. Involvement of other organs,
particularly the lungs and liver due to
bloodstream spread, is common. The
tumor is not always pigmented and it
may follow change in a benign nevus;
occasionally there is a history of rapid
growth or bleeding associated with
pregnancy. This tumor carries the
worst prognosis of any skin tumor.
Patient management
At The Princess Margaret Hospital.
patients are seen in a special skin clinic
where a history is taken' and clinical
examination carried out. Following
this a diagnosis is made which is usual':
Iy followed by a biopsy to confirm the
clinical impression. A photograph is
useful in following the subsequent
progress of the tumor and occasionally
x-rays are required to see whether
there is any bone destruction or to
search for the presence of metastases.
Irradiation has been used in the
Fig. 2: Keratoacanthoma on nose of a
57-year-old man. Present for 6 weeks.
growing rapidly. but not bleeding,
Treated with simple curettage.
Fig. 5: Angioma on the head of a
2-month-old baby. Tumor disappeared
spontaneously without treatment over
a 3-year period.
{I
treatment of skin tumors for over 60
years. The therapeutic use of radiation
depends on its ability to destroy se-
lectively abnormal tissue without dam-
aging the adjacent normal structures.
This is accomplished by various treat-
ment techniques and the physical pro-
perties can be adapted to suit any
tumor and site. Many techniques have
been used and the radiation obtained
from radioactive isotopes or x-ray ma-
chines. Radium has been the isotope
used most extensively and is still used
in the form of needles that can be im-
planted into the tumor, or as a sur-
face applicator; however, these now
have been replaced for the most part
by external irradiation from an x-ray
machine.
Radio-isotopes emit radiation of dif-
ferent types by disintegration of the
nucleus, the gamma ray being used for
therapeutic effect. These rays are simi-
lar to x-rays and related to those of
light, heat and radio, but are of ex-
tremely short wave lengths. Radiation
is absorbed in tissues and its depth
of penetration depends on several fac-
tors. In general, the higher the voltage
.
Fig. 3: Same patient as in Figure 2,
four months later.
Fig. 6: Benign papilloma in the left ear
of a 72 - year-old man. Present most of
his life but recent bleeding due to
trauma. Tumor removed by curettage.
.. ')
...
,
FEBRUARY 1967
the greater the depth dose achieved.
Thus, at 100 KV, the useful depth of
irradiation is about 4 mm.; deeper
tumors have to be treated with more
powerful units.
Rodent ulcers and epitheliomas are
moderately radiosensitive and can be
readily destroyed by radiation. If the
tumor is small, a single treatment will
suffice and is useful in treating {)1d
people, especially if they have had to
travel from afar. Larger tumors have
to be treated over several days to get
a cancericidal dose that will not dam-
age the normal surrounding structures.
A better cosmetic effect is obtained
and the chances of getting a geogra-
phic miss, possible with a single shot
treatment, eliminated.
Most tumors are superficial and low
voltage x-ray machines operating at
less than 100 KV provide effective
treatment. For thicker lesions a higher
voltage at 250 KV is required. Today,
high energy electrons and other radio-
active isotopes, such as Caesium 137.
increase our therapeutic armory.
Following irradiation, the tumor
develops an erythema and subsequent-
Fig. 7: Epithelioma on left hand of
a 49-year-old laborer. Present for 8
months and growing rapidly. Treated
with rodium nwld.
Fig. 10: Same patient as in Figure 9.
Result shown 18 months later.
FEBRUARY 1967
ly becomes covered with a ycllow fi-
brinous exudate; this reaches its maxi-
mum intensity after about two to three
weeks and becomes slightly sore.
Crusting follows. On separation four
to six weeks following therapy, the
.tumor is found to have disappeared,
although complete resolution some-
times takes a little longer. The cosme-
tic result is usually good and repre-
sented by minor atrophy of the skin.
although telangiectasia may occur after
treatment of large tumors many years
later. Recurrence is uncommon and
probably best treated by excision be-
cause of the danger of necrosis fol-
lowing heavy irradiation. The latter
follows damage to the blood vessels
of the skin which develop an endarte-
ritis with subsequent deficient nourish-
ment and oxygenation of the involved
area.
Unfortunately the malignant melano-
ma is not a radiosensitive tumor, al-
though small ones can be destroyed by
heavy irradiation. These tumors are
best excised and it is generally accept-
ed that any excision that does not re-
quire skin grafting is inadequate. Irra-
diation is used to supplement surgery
.....
i\
Fig. 8: Same patient as in Figure 7.
Result shown 4 years later.
Fig. 11: Malignant melanoma on left
foot of a 67-year-old man. Present for
many years. Tumor excised and
grafted, but patient died of distant
metastases three years later.
where the latter may have been in-
complete, and is useful in palliating
the symptoms of advanced disease.
The techniques used at The Princess
Margaret Hospital and the common
reactions encountered and their man-
agement will be described in the fol-
lowing article. After treatment, skin
tumors are followed in the outpatients'
clinic to assess the result 0
-
..
p.
"
Fig. 9: Epithelioma lower lip present
for 6 months. Treated with external
irradiation.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 47
During the past eight years, one out
of every five new patients registered
at The Princess Margaret Hospital in
Toronto had some form of skin cancer;
in fact, nearly 5,000 new patients were
seen and treated.
Most patients are treated on an out-
patient basis; very few need to be ad-
mitted to hospital. If patients come
from outside the city, they can be
accommodated in The Princess Mar-
garet Lodge, which is situated about
100 yards from the main hospital.
Room and meals are provided at the
Lodge, but the patient is able to go out
and follow whatever pursuits he likes.
The skin clinic in the outpatients'
department is staffed by a consultant
dermatologist and radiotherapist. They
examine each patient, make a diag-
nosis, and prescribe treatment. The
patient is then escorted by a volunteer
to the radiotherapy department and
introduced to the radiographer who ex-
plains the course to be followed.
Description of department
The radiotherapy department is de-
signed to make treatments as efficient
and pleasant as possible. Radiation
used therapeutically produces no haz-
ard to the patient; but irradiation in
small doses received over a long period
of time by personnel working in the
therapy departments is hazardous. Cer-
tain precautions are taken to mini-
mize exposure. The walls of the treat-
ment room are of thick concrete and
the observation windows contain lead
48 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Radiation therapy for
skin cancer
Minimizing the patient's fear about the diagnosis of cancer and the method of
treatment is a major responsibility of the radiotherapy technician.
Doris Martyn, Reg. N., R.T.
so that no stray radiation can filter
to the outside. Because of the dangers
of radiation exposure, the technician
is not allowed to be in the room at
the same time as the patient while
treatment is being carried out, but ob-
serves him through the specially pro-
tected window.
The treatment rooms are pleasantly
decorated and spacious to prevent
claustrophobia. As there are no out-
side windows, murals of outdoor scenes
cover one wall. A two-way communi-
cation system has been set up so that
technician and patient can converse at
all times while therapy is in progress.
To encourage relaxation, soft back-
ground music is piped into all treat-
ment rooms.
Radiotherapy
The doctor prescribes the amount
and type of radiation required and
specifies the area to be treated. This
varies according to the nature of the
tumor and its extent. The prescription
is written on a special treatment sheet,
and unless the treatment is compli-
cated or extends for more than five
days, the doctor will not see the pa-
tient again until the first follow-up
visit in the outpatient clinic. The radio-
grapher is now responsible for the
planned treatment and for establishing
rapport with the patient.
Miss Martyn is Senior Radiotherapy Tech-
nician at The Princess Margaret Hospital.
Toronto, Ontario.
When external irradiation is to be
used, the patient is placed on a treat-
ment couch with the appropriate area
exposed. Treatment for each patient
is individualized. The regular set of
applicators are suitable for a good
proportion of the patients, but some
situations require special shields that
can be made to any size or shape.
Most skin cancers are treated with
superficial x-ray at 100 kilovolt. A
very thin sheet of lead (0.5 millimeters
thick), which can be cut with scissors,
prevents any radiation from passing
through it. Large tumors are treated
at a moderate voltage and the shield-
ing has to be thicker to prevent irra-
diation of the surrounding normal tis-
sues. The doctor will have marked the
area to be treated with a skin pencil.
This is then outlined with the appli-
cator or lead cut-out and the x-ray
machine is placed in position. Patients
who are comfortable will maintain
their position better than those who
are not, and if there is any danger of
movement the part to be treated is
supported by sand bags.
The patient is told again that the
treatment is painless but that there
will be a whirring sound from the ma-
chine which is quite normal and no
cause for alarm. The technician re-
treats from the room, shuts the door,
calculates the treatment time, and
turns on the radiation beam. Most
treatments take only a few minutes.
When the prescribed dose has been
given, the machine automatically turns
FEBRUARY 1967
-.--..
=
o
.-
itself off and the technician re-enters
the room, releases the x-ray applicator,
and removes any shields.
Protection badges worn
To make sure that nurses and tech-
nicians do not receive irradiation
beyond the maximum permissible level
as outlined by the World Health Or-
ganization, protection badges are worn
and blood counts taken periodically.
The protection badge consists of a
small x-ray film, which is sensitive to
radiation. The badge is worn on the
chest of the technician and any ex-
posure of radiation can be determined
by the subsequent development of the
film.
Treatment of rodent ulcers
Rodent ulcers around the eyelids
are common. At this site special lead
shields have to be placed inside the
lids to protect the underlying eye
(Figures 1, 2, 3, 4). The shields are
made out of lead with the concave con-
junctival surface coated with a thin
layer of plastic. Several sizes and
shapes are available and one is select-
ed to suit the patient. They are stored
dry, but prior to use are soaked in
1:750 solution of aqueous zephiran for
half an hour and then rinsed in sterile
water for five minutes.
To anesthetize the eye we use 0.5
percent pontocaine; two drops are
placed in the lower conjunctival sac
and repeated after five minutes. Five
minutes later, the eye shield, lubri-
FEBRUARY 1967
Fig. 1: A 52-year-old man with ulcer
below the left .eye. The ulcer had been
present for 1 year, was growing slowly,
and bleeding on occasion. Biopsy
confirmed the present of a rodent ulcer.
Fig. 2: Same patient showing the area
to be irradiated marked out and an
internal eye shield in position.
cated with mineral oil, can be inserted
by slipping it under the lower eyelid
and lifting the upper eyelid over it.
After treatment the shield is removed
and 10 percent sulphacetamide drops
are instilled into the lower fornix to
prevent subsequent infection, together
with one or two drops of mineral oil
to minimize irritation. A pad and ban-
dage are applied until sensation has
returned which usually occurs within
one to two hours. Without the pro-
tective bandage, a piece of grit could
lodge in the eye and produce damage
without the patient being aware of it.
If a single treatment has been pre-
scribed, the nature of the subsequent
reaction is explained to the patient.
If further treatments are planned, a
return appointment is arranged to fit
in with the patient's other commit-
ments, so as to disturb his normal
routine as little as possible.
Skin reactions to irradiation
Within a day or two of being irra-
diated, the treated skin shows a faint
erythema which increases over several
days. This reaches a maximum inten-
sity after about 10 days, and a moist
desquamation of the skin often occurs
at this time. During this period, trauma
to the treated area should be avoided
and the affected skin kept dry. If dis-
comfort occurs, Nivea Creme or lano-
lin should be applied sparingly two
or three times a day. If the reaction
is unduly severe, as sometimes occurs
in persons with fair or sensitive skin,
...
..;
one percent gentian violet solution ap-
plied two of three times a day will
produce a scab and allow the under-
lying tissues to heal.
Following moist desquamation, crusts
appear; these are best left to separate
on their own. Separation usually oc-
curs between the third and fourth
weeks and a new pinkish skin is seen.
The tumor will often have disappeared
by this time, but sometimes a residuum
is left. Further disappearance occurs
during the next few weeks with no
special treatment required apart from
avoidance of trauma.
The patient should be protected
from sunlight, wind, and frost, since
these can cause severe local reactions,
manifested by redness, soreness, and
weeping of the treated area, with de-
layed healing. Infection, too, must be
avoided or increased scarring will re-
sult with impaired cosmetic result; the
patient is advised against rubbing the
area. If there is hair in the irradiated
area, permanent epilation usually will
result; although this is of little con-
sequence, the patient should be warned
about it.
The doctor examines each patient
about two months following treatment
to assess the result; however, he will
see him before this time if the need
arises. A careful explanation of the
reactions that follow irradiation and
a form that gives the patient general
instructions on management of the
treated area usually make this earlier
visit unnecessary.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 49
------
.
o
...
-'.
so THE CANADIAN NURSE
-
"
'\
-
.,.
Fig. 3: Patient being prepared for
treatment.
II
PICKER
I
,
....
I
"-
Dressings to irradiated areas are
not required unless the patient is ex-
posed to trauma or dirt, in which case
a simple cover minimizes the risk of
infection. Follow-up of these patients
is shared by the local doctor and the
clinic. A patient with a rodent ulcer
can usually be discharged from clinic
follow-up after one year, but is ad-
vised to see his own physician if he
notices any skin changes at the treated
site or elsewhere. Follow-up after one
year is unnecessary if the tumor has
completely disappeared because late
recurrence is rare.
Other malignant tumors are followed
indefinitely because of the possibility
of local recurrence or the appearance
of metastases. Because skin tumors are
frequently multiple, the precipitating
causes are explained to the patient and
he is advised to protect himself as far
as possible.
Fears
Many patients verbalize their fears
and apprehensions to the nurse rather
than to the doctor. Explanations and
reassurance will allay these fears, but
definite answers are needed for ques-
tions, such as "Will it burn?"
During the Second World War,
Norman Rockwell painted four can-
vases entitled "The Four Freedoms."
One of these illustrates a basic need
of all human beings: "Freedom From
Fear." Fear of cancer is perhaps one
of the most terrifying fears today. As
nurses, we face the tremendous chal-
lenge of assisting a patient through the
initial frightening phase following a
diagnosis of cancer. We must try to
give him peace of mind, a sense of
security, assurance and hope. These
things we have been trained to do;
but to do it properly, we need to edu-
cate ourselves in the modern methods
of therapy. 0
Fig. 4: Patient being treated. A lead
cut-out is seen outlining the area to be
irradiated.
FEBRUARY 1967
books
Fundamentals of Public Health Nursing
by Kathleen M. Leahy, R.N., M.S. and
M. Marguerite Cobb, R.N., M.N. 225
pages. Toronto, McGraw-Hill Book Com-
pany, 1966.
Re\'iewed by Miss Margaret Steed, nursing
consultant, education, Canadian Nurses'
Association, Ottawa, Ontario.
This book was written to provide nursing
students with the necessary guidelines in
preparation for their experience in public
health nursing.
The content was developed specifically
for use in baccalaureate pre-service pro-
grams, designed to prepare nurses for be-
ginning positiorn in public health nursing,
but would be similarly applicable in a di-
ploma program in nursing where public
health concepts are integrated throughout the
nursing courses.
The information in the textbook is pre-
sented in two parts.
Part one is devoted to public health and
public health nursing, the principles of
public health nursing, together with history,
trends and philosophy. Information is given
specific to the home visit, and related to
essential communication skills and statistics.
The identification of the role of the public
health nurse, as it is viewed on the health
team, seems to require an excessive review
of historical material.
In part two, a variety of selected case
situations and case records together with
topics and questions suitable for discussion
periods are offered. This part of the book
adds to the true value of this basic textbook
for nursing students, in that descriptions of
actual situations experienced and problems
encountered by public health nurses are
narrated and designed to provide some
insight into public health nursing and the
skills, understandings, appreciations and
awareness that are required and utilized.
Geriatric Nursing, 4 ed, by Kathleen New-
ton, R.N., M.A. and Helen C. Anderson,
R.N., P.T., M.N. 390 pages. Saint Louis,
Mosby, 1966. Reviewed by Mrs. Valerie
Nicholson, instructor, School of Nursing,
Calgary General Hospital, Calgary, Al-
berta.
Recognizing, firstly, that the word geriatrics
is that "branch of medical and nursing
science that deals with the treatment and
care of disease conditions in older people,
including constructive health practice and
prevention of disease," and formulating,
FEBRUARY 1967
secondly, a philO!>ophy or concept of
geriatrics in keeping with this - old age
can be satisfying and need not be a period
of idle sitting and waiting for the inevitable,
death - the authors have organized the
fourth edition of Geriatric Nursing into four
major units. These include an introduction
to the aged, and a description of health
maintenance and illness prevention, the gen-
eral factors in the care of the ill, and clinical
nursing.
Unit one emphasizes the attitudes and
personal qualities essential to the nurse who
deals with older people. Basic to the nurse's
approach is a knowledge of the socio-psy-
chological needs of the aged - "the need
for somewhere to live, something to do, and
someone to care" - and a thorough under-
standing of why these basic needs are
not met in our society. Related to the prob-
lems of the aged is society's rejection of
old people and its emphasis on youth and
beauty. The authors state that the prob-
lem, paradoxically, seems to be one of
preserving the life of the older person on the
one hand, while killing him socially on the
other.
Unit two discusses maintenance of health
and prevention of illness. Physical care for
the aged differs from that for younger per-
sons. Adjustments, small in themselves, may
mean the difference between the comfort and
well-being of the older person and his dis-
comfort and predisposition to disease. To
illustrate, the authors present the adjustments
necessary for each basic physical need, i.e.,
bathing, skin care, sleep, ventilation, rest,
activity, posture. clothing, diet. elimination
and safety; throughout, a general regard for
the older person is interwoven. emphasizing
the importance of psychological needs. More
pictures of older people in their homes,
rather than in hospital beds, would have
been useful in this section.
The authors stress the nurse's strategic
position in teaching people of the impor-
tance of periodic health appraisals and of
available community services. Far. too often
elderly persons and their family members
interpret nornpecific symptoms as the inevit-
able concomitants of advancing age.
Unit three, dealing with general factors
in the care of the iU, discusses housing
during illness, rehabilitation. and specific
treatments such as physical and occupational
therapy. The home is suggested as the best
place for the elderly patient except in the
event of acute illness or intensive treatment
of chronic illness. Home care programs and
instruction for family members are included
in the nurse's role. "Repersonalization," or
the restoration of a sense of personal worth,
must preceed successful rehabili1ation.
The final unit, more tllan half of the
entire book, deals with nursing the elder-
ly person with diseases and is arranged
according to body systems. Since the clinical
approach to many of the disease conditions
is the same for the elderly as for the
younger person, this book specifically men-
tions only those that pertain to the care of
the older person.
This book would be a valuable reference
book in any school of nursing library be-
cause of its detailed, thoughtful, and in-
dividualized approach to the care of older
people in our society.
Psychiatry for Nurses by John Gibson,
M.D., D.P.M. 1S6 pages. Oxford. Black-
well Scientific Publications, 1966.
Reviewed by Mrs. Doris DesMarteau,
acting assistant director of nursing, The
Ontario Hospital, Cobourg, Ontario.
This book introduces the general duty
nurse to psychiatry. A welcome addition to
the works on this subject, it would be a
useful teaching manual and handy reference
for all mental health workers. A lucid and
concise account of the psychiatry of child-
hood to old age, it presents a simplified ap-
proach to a complex subject.
In her association with the psychiatrist,
the nurse will constantly hear technical
terms. If she is familiar with them, she can
communicate more intelligently with
members of associated professions, and read
psychiatric literature with increased under-
slianding. With a knowledge of certain group-
ings of personality disturbances, she will
have a broader insight into the nature of
her patient's illness.
In the introduction the author deals with
the scope of psychiatry. He points out that
there is no clear distinction between mental
and physical illness, and that many physical
diseases manifest themselves through mental
symptoms. Mentally ill patients, like the
physically iU, suffer from definite illnesses
that require individual methods of treat-
ment.
Chapter two outlines the signs and symp-
toms of mental illness. Subsequent chapters
deal with neuroses and psychosomatic dis-
orders. Schizophrenia and paranoia are
cornidered in detail as two of the most im-
portant psychoses. Alcoholism and drug ad-
diction are e"plained as social as well as
medical problems. One chapter describes
organic diseases that commonly produce
mental symptoms.
Chapter fourteen defines mental subnor-
mality as a common condition. Mental
THE CANADIAN NURSE 51
books
defectives, a large part of any mental hos-
pital's population. demand their own treat-
ment and training that must be understood
by the nurse.
In the section devoted to psychiatry of
childhood. the author emphasizes the prob-
lems presented by mentally ill children.
which usually differ in certain respects from
psychiatric problems of adults.
In his last chapter "Principles of Treat-
ment", Dr. Gibson describes at length treat-
ments and medications applied to many types
of illnesses. He also mentions some qualities
essential for the nurse who cares for mental
patients.
Knowledge alone does not necessarily
make it easier to tolerate the persistent hos-
tility. rejection. and discouragement that the
nurse often meets, but it does help her to
understand the sufferings of the mentally
ill that can be deep and tragic.
The Human Body, A Survey of
Structure and Function by John
Caimey, C.M.G., D.Sc., M.D., F.R.A.C.S.
and J. Caimey. 8.Sc., M.B., Ch.8..
M.C.R.A. 286 pages. Christchurch, New
Zealand, N.M. Peryer Limited, 1966.
Re
'iewed by Miss lean W. Spaldillg,
associate director of nursing education,
Torolllo East General & Orthopaedic
Hospital.
This text is written in a clear, concise
form that would be most helpful in an intro-
ductory course in anatomy and physiology
for students, who need general information
and clarification of terminology. The dia-
grams are excellent and adequately labeled,
providing good visual aids.
Chapters one to eleven provide the best
content; later chapters, including those on
the muscular, nervous, blood vasular, and
endocrine systems, provide insufficient in-
formation.
To understand body alignment, passive
exercises, etc., the nurse must have a
thorough knowledge of the muscular systems,
which this book does not provide. More-
over, the chapter on the blood vasular sys-
tem presents insufficient physiologic detail
and the chapter on the endocrine system
lacks current information.
The anatomy in this text would be ade-
quate but sufficient physiology is lacking.
The major reason for teaching anatomy and
physiology is to provide a basis for under-
standing health and for providing nursing
care. This text does not include the material
necessary to give the student such a back-
ground. Its value would be enhanced by the
addition of questions at the end of each
chapter for review and application, and a
bibliography for reference.
52 THE CANADIAN NURSE
a show of hands...
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or yours!
ALCOJEL is the economical, modern,
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ensures that it will not run off, drip
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ALCOJEL cools by evaporation . . .
cleans, disinfects and firms the skin.
Your patients will enjoy the
invigorating effect of a body rub with
Alcojel . . . the topical tonic.
r . coo tin
efreshH"\g... 9.
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Send for a free sample
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FEBRUARY 1967
books
Rehabilitative Aspects of Nursing,
Programed Instruction Series. Part I.
Physical Therapeutic Nursing Measures.
Unit I. Concepts and Goals. 51 pages.
New York. National League for Nursing,
1966.
This pTOgramed unit is the first of a
series of progrdmed nursing texts planned
by the National League for Nursing. It
was prepared especially for inservice edu-
cation of nursing staff and for self-instruc-
tion by individual nurses. It is designed to
enable nurses to learn, at their own speed.
new facts and skills in rehabilitative nursing.
This introductory unit is devoted to gen-
eral concepts and goals and to the treatment
of the patient as a whole person. Future
books will deal with range of joint motion,
muscle conditioning. body positioning, and
assessment processes in rehabilitative nursing.
The booklet is easy to use and thoTOughly
o
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covers the introductory aspects of rehabilita-
tive nursing. The time required to complete
all frames is approximately two and one-
half hours.
Much of the material i
extremely simple
and would appear to be more valuable to
students than to graduate nurses. However.
considerable attention is given to aspects of
care that involve diagnosis, assessment, and
establishment of physical therapeutic nursing
measures on the nurse's own initiative, that
is, in her OWn team TOle and without the
supervision of other disciplines.
The book would be a useful addition to
any ward library. Inservice nursing educators
would find it valuable as a supplement and
adjunct to many teaching programs.
History and Trends of Practical Nurs-
ing by DOTOthy F. Johnston, R.N., B.S.,
C.P.H.N., M.Ed. 171 pages. Saint Louis,
Mosby, 1966.
Reviewed by Mrs. P. Ecclestone, acting
instructor, School lor Nursing Assistants,
King Edward VII Memorial Hospital.
Bermuda.
This interesting book outlines the events
that have shaped and brought into existence
the present-day practical nurse or nursing
assistant, as she is known in Canada. Five
of the nine chapters deal with the past, two
with the present, and one with the future
of this auxiliary worker.
The author traces the development of
the practical nurse from the primitive
woman who remained at home caring for
the weak and sick while man foraged for
food, through the religious orders, which
provided rituals and housekeeping services
rather than actual nursing care, to the
beginning of the training of lay women in
the early nineteenth century.
In discussing the early training programs
and the growth and expansion of the profes-
sion, the author gets rather bogged down
in dates and details. The reviewer found
herself flipping pages and reading the con-
cise and comprehensive summaries at the
end of each chapter.
In the chapter "War and Awakening,"
tbe author describes the professional nurse's
realization, after World War II, of tbe need
for the practical nurse in the hospital as
well as in the home. The professional nurse
finally accepted the responsibility for her
control. Many states began passing laws for
her licensure, curricula were expanded, her
title was standardized, and she emerged a
recognized and necessary part of the health
team.
The author discusses todays practical
nurse in the United States and nursing
assistants in Canada in chapters 7 and 8.
Canadian nurses will find Chapter 8 very
interesting, as tbe author describes the
number of schools, admission requirements,
THE CANADIAN NURSE 53
books
length and description of the course, and
number of trained as.
istants employed in
each province.
In her final chapter, "Preview of the
Future," Miss Johnston discusses the areas
in which the practical nurse is now em-
ployed, and conjectures about her future.
In spite of rumblings in some camps to the
effect that the practical nurse faces ex-
tinction with the emergence of a "new
nurse" who is a product of a two to three-
year course in an independent school, the
author believes that the outlook for the
practical nurse is excellent, as thousands
more are needed for employment in general
hospitals, psychiatric hospitals, health agen-
cies, geriatric hospitals, doctors' offices, and
even by the Peace Corps.
In general, this is a welI-written, thorough-
ly researched text, and would be useful for
instructors of nursing assistants or practical
nurses, students themselves, and, in part,
to professional nursing students and their
instructors.
TO
PLAN FOR A LIFETIME
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Marriage is a responsibility that often re-
quires both spiritual and medical assistance
from professional p&ople. In many instances
a nurse may be coiled upon for medical
counsel for the newly married young wo-
man, moth.r, or a matu... woman.
"To Plan For A Lifetime, Plan With Your Dac-
tor" is a pamphlet that was written to assist
in preparing a woman for potient.physicion
discussion of family planning methods. The
booklet st..sses the importance to the indi.
vidual of selecting the method that most
suit. her religious, medical, and psychological
needs.
\-
'-
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\
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Nurses are invited to use the coupon below
ta order copies for use as on aid in coun-
selling. They will be supplied by Mead John.
son Laboratories as a free swvice.
M8a
inmm1
LABORATORIES
'Y<t:fcoæll /ùr Li/é
I ORDER FORM
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capi.. of "To Plan For A Lifetime, Plan With You, I
Doctor" to:
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To: Mead Johnson Laboratories,
111 St. Clair Avenue West,
Toronto 7, Ontario.
54 THE CANADIAN NURSE
films
History of Medicine
The Canadian Medical Association has
prepared a special film for Canada's Cen-
tennial year. A Century of Canadian Medicine
(2S-minute, color, sound) depicts the pro-
gress of medicine Over the past 100 years.
The film demonstrates the profession's
commitment to the improvement of the
nation's health. The life-and-death gambles
with diseases such as pneumonia or tuber-
culosis in IS67 have changed to scenes
where medication and treatment can over-
come the infection, and life goes on with
little interruption. Recent advances in med-
icine and surgery have been selected to
show lay audiences some of the results of
medical progress, such as open-heart sur-
gery, care of premature babies, and the
use of physiological monitors.
As a secondary objective, it is hoped that
the film will stimulate recruitment of
young people interested in and capable of
carrying on the traditions of service and
science.
This centennial film would be of inter-
est to nurses - especially useful in his-
tory courses and as a film to recommend
for showings to high school students. For
information concerning its use, write to
The Secretary, Public Relations, Canadian
Medical Association, 150 St. George Street,
Toronto 5, Ontario.
Through the Eyes of the Patient
An unusual and excelIent teaching film,
Candidate for a Stroke, has recently been
added to the lists of films available from
the Canadian Heart Foundation. In this
film the audience sees the world as through
the eyes of a man having a mild stroke.
Diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation are
all seen as though the audience was the
patient. The film also concludes with the
steps necessary to reduce the risk factors
that lead to a cerebrovascular accident.
This IS-minute, black-and-white, sound
film would be valuable as a teaching aid
in medical-surgical nursing. It may be
borrowed from the Canadian Heart Found-
ation, 1130 Bay St., Toronto 5, Ontario.
Dangers of Superficial Relationships
The Special Universe of Walter Krolik,
a new, 2S-minute, color, sound film, pre-
sents a patient-family story. The film was
intended primarily for a nursing audience
and is not suitable for a lay group. It dis-
cusses the outcome of nurse-patient relation-
ships when a response is made to super-
ficial needs without an assessment of un-
derlying needs. In this film, nurses appear
FEBRUARY 1967
films
to be winning the battles and losing the
war.
The film would be an excellent teaching
tool in schools of nursing, or in continuing
education programs for graduates. It is
directly concerned with the patient v.:ith
tuberculosis, but many of the concepts
are applicable to any chronic or continuing
patient care.
The film was prepared in the United
States and was co-sponsored by the Na-
tional Tuberculosis Association, the Nur-
sing Advisory Service on Tuberculosis and
Other Respiratory Diseases, and the ANA-
NLN Film Service. It was made possible by
a grant from the American Contract Bridge
League Foundation. It may be borrowed
from your local branch of the Canadian
Tuberculosis Association.
Excellent for Adolescents
An excellent motion picture on growth
and development for adolescent and teen-
age girls has been produced by Churchill
Films. Girl to Woman is a scientific and
authoritative treatment of the sensitive
subject of puberty, and is produced under
medical and psychiatric supervision. Ex-
tensive animation is used to show the
female reproductive system and the tur-
Nursing Studies Index
A reVISion of the Canadian
Nurses' Association Nursing Studies
Index, first issued in 1964, is in
preparation. If you know of any
studies, i.e., masters and doctoral
theses and studies by government
organizations and institutions,
which have been completed be-
tween 1964 and 1966, or any prior
to 1964 that were missed in the
first issue, please notify the libra-
rian, Canadian Nurses' Association,
50 The Driveway, Ottawa. The
only criteria is that the study be on
some aspect of concern to nursing
in Canada, or, in the case of theses,
be conducted by a Canadian nurse.
Also, the library is hoping to have
as many copies as possible of the
studies listed in the index in the
CNA repository collection of nurs-
ing studies. If you have only one
copy of your study, please lend
it to us with permission to xerox.
FEBRUARY 1967
bulent changes that take place during and
after puberty.
The film is a companion to Boy To Man,
released a few years ago, which has re-
mained the most authoritative film in its
field. It would be valuable for use in schools
as well as a teaching tool for nurses.
The film is in color, and runs 16 minutes.
It may be borrowed from the Canadian
Film Institute, 1762 Carling Ave., Ot-
taWa 13. A small rental fee is charged.
accession list
Publications in this list of material re-
ceived recently in the CNA library are
shown in language of source. The majority
(reference material and theses. indicated by
R, excepted) may be borrowed by CNA
members, and by libraries of hospitals and
schools of nursing and other institutions.
Requests for loans should be made on the
"Request Form for Accession List" (page
57) and should be addressed to: The Li-
brary, Canadian Nurses' Association. 50
The Driveway. Ottawa 4. Ontario.
BOOKS AND DOCUMENTS
I. L'automation par Louis SalJeron. 4. éd.
Paris, Presses Universitaires de France,
1965. 125p. (Que sais-je? no. 723.)
2. Canadian annual revieK for 1965.
Edited by John Saywell. Toronto. Univ. of
Toronto Press. 1966. 569p.
3. Canadian unil'ersities and colleges /966.
ed. by Edward Sheffield and Rosalind J.
Murray. Ottawa. Association of Universities
and Colleges, 1966. 335p.
4. Communication and public relations
by Edward J. Robinson. Columbus, Ohio,
Charles E. Merril Books, c1966. 618p.
5. Continuing professional educational
lIeeds of supervisory personnel in the nursinl!
service and nursing education; a survey of
Pennsylvania hospitals by Sammuel S. Du-
bin and H. LeRoy Marlow. University Park,
Penn., Pennsylvania State Univ., 1965. 65p.
6. La cybernétique par Louis Couffignal.
Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 1963.
125p. (Que sais-je? no. 638.)
7. The determination and measurement of
supervisory training needs of hospital per-
sonnel; a survey of Pennsylvania hospitals
by Samuel S. Dubin and H. LeRoy Marlow.
University Park. Penn.. Pennsylvania State
Univ., 1965. I32p.
8. Documents fondamentaux; statuts et
règlement directives règlements intérieur
pour les séances par Conseil International
des Infirmières. London. 1966. 47p.
9. Dotation en personnel des services in-
firmiers de santé publique et de soins au.\'
malades non hospitalisés. Méthodes d'étude.
par Doris E. Roberts. Genève, Organisation
mondiale de la Santé. 1965. I IIp.
.;:
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ostomy
anatomical
demonstrator
"MINI-GUIDE"
"
M\lPI!:. -\..'^TUM"'Y
o
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\0 ""./'
"Mini-Guide" allows you to visually and
graphically perform Colostomy, Ileostomy I1eal-
Bladder, Wet Colostomy and Cutaneous Ureterostomy
surgery.
As an instructor, you are afforded a simple, effective method of teac
ing th
surgical
mechanics and organs involved in ostomy surgery; as a student, you Immedmtely see
and understand the procedures o
ostomy surg
ry; and
s a nurse. you have the per-
fect vehicle for visual demonstratIons to the patient who IS to undergo ostomy surgery.
The "Mini-Guide" anatomical demonstrator is priced at $1.00 on this money-back
offer 746 CN.
,
'
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PORT CHESTER . NEW YORK
THE CANADIAN NURSE SS
Next Month
in
The
Canadian
Nurse
. Nursing
in the
north
. Changes
in nursing
education in
Saskatchewan
. RN employed
at a
veterinary
college
ð
Photo credits
Expo 67, p. 7
Globe and Mail, p. 13
USSR Embassy, pp. 27, 29, 32
Dept. of National Health and
Welfare, p. 42
56 THE CANADIAN NURSE
accession list
10. L'équilibre .
ympathique par Paul
Chauchard. Paris. Presses Universitaires de
France, 1961. 128p. (Que sais-je? no. 565.)
I 1. Factors affectin!? the eSlllblishment of
associate degree programs in nursing in
community junior colleges by Mildred S.
Schmidt. New York, National League for
Nursing, 1966. 128p.
12. Final report on draft legislation pre-
pared jor the New Brunswick Association
of Registered Nurses by Alan M. Sinclair.
Fredericton, 1966. Iv.
13. Governments and the university by
York University. Toronto, MacMillan, 1966.
92 p. (The Frank Gerstein lectures, 1966).
14. L'hérédité humaine par Jean Ros-
tand. 6.éd. Paris, Presses Universitaires de
France, 1965. 126p. (Que sais-je? no.550.)
15. History of the school for nurses To-
ronto General Hospital by Margaret Isabel
Lawrence (ed). Toronto, Alumni Associa-
tion, 193 I. 63p.
16. Nursing studies index, mi. 3, 1950-
1956 prepared under Virginia Henderson.
Philadelphia, Lippincott, 1966. 653p. R
17. La projession d'infirmière en France,
2éd. par Revue de I'Infirmière et de l'As-
sistante Sociale. Paris, Expansion Scienti-
fique français, 1962. 377p.
18. Report on action prepared for the
New Brunswick Association of Registered
Nurses by Katherine MacLaggan. Frederic-
ton, 1966. 63p.
19. Le rôle de l'infirmière dans l'action
de santé mentale; rapport sur une confé-
rence technique, Copen hague, 15-24, nO-
vembre 196( par Audrey L. John et al.
Genève, Organisation mondiale de la Santé,
1965. 214p.
20. A series of papers presented at the
1965 regional clinical conferences sponsored
by the American Nurses' Association, New
York, 1966. 6v. Contents. -1. Nursing
practice. -2. Medical-surgical nursing prac-
tice. -3. Maternal and child health nursing
practice. --4. Psychiatric nursing practice.
-5. Public health nursing practice. -6.
Geriatric nursing practice.
21. Les services injirmiers de santé pu-
blique; problèmes et perspectives par Or-
ganisation mondiale de la Santé. Genève.
1961. 208p.
22. The sister as a clinical specialist by
Sister Leon Douville and Sister Marilyn
Emminger. St. Louis, Conference of Catho-
lic Schools of Nursing, 1966. 126p. Q
23. A survey to determine the nursing
care needs of patients in certain standard
welfare wards (indigent) of the Ottawa Civic
Hospial following their discharge from the
hospital by Muriel V. Lowry. Ottawa, 1962.
51p.
24. Le système nerveux par Paul Chau-
chard. 10.éd. Paris, Presses Universitaires de
france, 1966. 128p. (Que sais-je? no. 8.)
25. Les testes mentaux par Pierre Pichot.
Paris. Presses Universitaires de France,
1965. 126p. (Que sais-je ? no. 626.)
PAMPHLETS
26. Book and joumal serl'ices for doctors
and nurses. An interim report on a National
Book League investigation by J.E. Mor-
purgo. London. N uffield Provincial Hospi-
tals Trust. 1966. 41 p.
27. A brief to the .relect committee oj the
New Brunswick legislature on the labour
relations act. Fredericton, New Brunswick
Association of Registered Nurses, 1966.
28. Directory of Canadians with service
overseas, 1966. Ottawa. Overseas Institute
of Canada, 1966. 478p.
29. A guide for the nursing service audil
by Sister Mary Helen Louise Dee1dn. St.
Louis, Catholic Hospital Association, 1960.
26p.
30. A guide for the ulilizalion oj per-
sonnel supportive of public health nursing
service.r. New York, American Nurses' As-
sociation, Public Health Nurses Section.
1966. 12p.
31. Guiding principles for the develop-
ment oj programs in educational institutions
leading to a diploma in nur.ring. Ottawa,
Canadian Nurses' Association, 1966. lip.
32. An index of care by J.A.K. MacDon-
nell and G.B. Murray. Ottawa, Medical
Services J. 31:499-517, Sep. 1965. Reprint.
33. Major official policies relating to the
economic security program. Rev. New York,
Amerioan Nurses' Association, 1965. 14p.
34. NLN accreditation-community nursinl?
services; guide to preparing a report for
evaluation for preliminary accreditation.
New York. National League for Nursing.
Department of Public Health Nursing, 1966.
9p.
35. The planning and organization of
medical book and journal services in region-
al hospitals. A National Book League guide
for librarians. London, Nuffield Provincial
Hospitals Trust. 1966. 34p.
36. Principes directeurs de la mise au
point de programmes dans les maisons d'en-
seignement. en vue de diplôme en sciences
infirmières. Ottawa, Association des In fir-
mières canadiennes, 1966. 12p.
37. Recommendation jrom the Associa-
tion of Nurses of Prince Edward Island re-
garding medical procedures carried out by
nurses. Fredericton, n.d. 2p.
38. Seeking foundation funds by David
M. Church. New York, National Public
Relations Council of Health and Welfare
Services, Inc., c1966. 39p.
39. Statement relative to the national
labor-management relations act, 1947, May
7, 1963. New York, American Nurses' As-
sociation, 1963. lOp.
40. Statistical data associate degree pro-
grams in nursing 1966. New York, Natioool
League for Nursing. Dept. of Associate De-
gree Programs, 1966, 8p.
41. Suggested design guidelines for nur-
FEBRUARY 1967
fare. Public Health Service. Administrative
æpects 0/ hospital central medical and surg-
ical supply senoices. Washington, 1966. 37p.
48. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel-
fare. Public Health Service. Estimating the
cost of illness by Dorothy P. Rice. Washing-
ton, 1966. 131p.
49. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel-
fare. Public Health Service. A manual for
hospital central medical and surgical supply
services. Washington, 1966. 106p.
50. Dept. of Labour. Bureau of Labour
Statistics. Major collective bargaining agree-
ments; arbitration procedures. Washington.
U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1966. 167p.
51. Dept. of Labour. Bureau of Labour
Statistics. Major collective bargaining agree-
ments; management rights and union-
management co-operation. Washington, U.S.
Govt. Print. Off., 1966. 69p.
52. Dept. of Labour. Women's Bureau.
Handbook on women workers 1960. Wa-
shington. U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1960. Iv.
53. Dept. of Labour. Women's Bureau.
Nurses and other hospital personnel; their
earnings and employment conditions. Re-
printed with supplement. Washington, U.S.
GOVI. Print. Off., 1961. 41p.
A.) - Toronto. R
55. The historical dnelopment of one
aspect of curriculum development in nursing
education by Sister Marie Bonin. Washing-
ton, 1965. Thesis (M.Sc.N.) - 1965. R
56. Methods of evaluating the senoice of
professional nursing students in selected
schools of nursing by Margaret Mary Street,
Boston, 1961. 105p. Thesis (M.Sc.N.) -
Boston. R
57. The preparation of survey schedules
for the selection of the facilities in three
Canadian provinces for the organization of
a collegiate program in nursing by Sister
Jeanne Forest. Washington, 1945. Thesis
(M.Sc.N.Ed.) - Catholic Univ. of America.
108p. R
58. Relationship between achie
'ement in
high school and achievement on the exa-
minations for admission to practice nursing
in Canada by Sister Claire Jeannatte. Wash-
ington, 1965. Thesis (M.Sc.N.) - Catholic
Univ. of America. 44p. R
59. A study of the educational value 0/
a learning experience in a rural hospital
setting by Sister Marguerite Letourneau.
Washington, 1963. Thesis (M.Sc.N.) -
Catholic Univ. of America. 89 p. R
60. A study of performance on pre-en-
trance tests and examinations for admission
10 practice and the relationship between
these tests by Sister Jeannette Gagnon.
Washington. 1963. Thesis (M.A.) - Catho-
lic Univ. of America. 54p. R
accession list
sing education facilities; schools of nursing.
Toronto. Ontario Hospital Services Com-
mission. 1966. 5p.
42. Sun'ey of employment conditions of
nurses employed by physicians and for
dentists, July 1964. New York, American
Nurses' Association. Research and Statistics
Unit, 1965. 24p.
GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS
Canada
43. Dept. of Labour. Labour-Management
Co-operation Service. Labour management
Committee material, order book. Ottawa.
Queen's Printer, 1966. 3Op.
44. Dominion Bureau of Statistics. Census
of Canada 1961. General review. Housing
in Canada. Ottawa, Queen's Priner, 1966.
79p.
45. Parliament. House of Commons. Bill
C-170; an act respecting employer and em-
ployee relations in the Public Service of
Canada. Ottawa. 1966. 53p.
Nova Scotia
46. Dept. of Labour. Economics and Re-
search Division. Wage rates and hours of
labour in Nova Scotia. Halifax. 1966, 226p.
United States
47. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel-
STUDIES DEPOSITED IN CNA REPOSITORY
COLLECTION.
54. An enquiry into the need lor conti-
nuing education for registered nurses in
the prm'ince of Ontario by M. Josephine
Flaherty. Toronto. 1965. 176p. Thesis (M.
Request Form
for "Accession List"
CANADIAN NURSES'
ASSOCIATION LIBRARY
++++++++++
++++++++++
++
.+++++++
++
++++++
++++'++++++
++++++++++
++++++++++
+++++
Send to:
LIBRARIAN, Canadian Nurses' Association,
50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario.
Please lend me the following publications, listed in the
..... ........ issue of The Canadian Nurse,
or add my name to the waiting list to receive them when
available.
Item Author Short title (for identification)
No.
Tums
consume
93 times their
own weight
in excess
stomach
acid!
Laboratory tests show Tums neu-
tralize 93 times their own weight
in excess stomach acids, and that
they maintain a balanced level for
long periods, too. Turns go to work
in 4 seconds on gas, heartburn and
indigestion. And they taste pleas-
antly minty, need no water and
cost so very little. Those are the
facts. So next time your tummy
gives you a turn, give Tums a try.
They're worth their weight in gold !
4llO
$.
Request for loans will be filled in order of receipt
Reference and restricted material must be used in the
CNA library.
Borrower
Position
Address ..
Date requested ..
think how fast they'll work
on your tummy upsets!
FEBRUARY 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 57
classified advertisements
I I
I
I
ALBERTA
BRITISH COLUMBIA
NIGHT SUPERVISOR, R.N. AND MEDICAL HEAD
NURSE for 9O-bed octive treatment hospital in the
City of Wetoskiwin, situated midway between Ed.
monton and Red Deer. Residence accommodation
available, excellent salary ranges and fringe benefits
in effect, as well as payment for prior experience.
Apply to: Director of Nursing, Municipal Hospital,
Wetaskiwin, Alberta. 1.96-1
Regiltered Nurse. far new SO.bed active treatment
hospital, situated only 15 miles from Edmonton.
Salary $360 - $420 per month. Recognition given for
previous experience Excellent personnel policies and
working conditions. For further information please
write to: Miss M. Macintosh, R.N., Director of
Nursing, Fort Saskatchewan General Hospital, Box
12 70, fort Sask a tchewan, Alberta. 1-39-2
Regist.r.d Nurses (5) required (summer relief or per-
manent posts) for May 1967. The Peace River Municipal
Hospital, Alberta, was built 5 years ago and has a
complement of 70 beds. Starting salary for 1966
$370. New salary scales expected for 1967. Peace
River is a progressive town and a beauty spot on the
Prairies. Apply to: The Director of Nursing for fuller
particulars. Peace River, Municipal Hospital, Peace
River, Alberta. 1-69-1
Registered Nunes and Certified Nursing Aides for
17-bed hospital. Salary for Graduate Nurses basic
$400 to $460. Certified Nursing Aides $240 to $280
with credit for previoue experience. Full maintenance
available at $35 per month. Apply to: Miss A. Nun.
weiler, Director of Nursing, Oyen Municipal Hospital,
Oyen, Alberta. Telephone: 664-3 553 1-68-1
General Duty Nurses (2) for a modern general 30-
bed hospital. East Central Alberta Highwoy 12.
Salary according to experience. vearly increments.
AARN personnel policies. Apply to: Sister Adminis-
trator, Our Lady of the Rosary Hospital, Castor,
Alberta. 1-19-1
ADVERTISING
RATES
FOR All
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING
$10.00 for 6 lines or less
$2.00 for each additional line
Rates for display
advertisements on request
Closing date for copy and cancellation is
6 weeks prior to 1st day of publication
month.
The Canadian Nurses' Association has
not yet reviewed the personnel policies
of the hospitals and agencies advertising
In the Journal. For authentic information,
prospective applicants should apply to
the Registered Nurses' ASsociation of the
ProvInce in which they are interested
in working.
Address correspondence to:
The
Canadian ð
Nurse v
50 THE DRIVEWAY
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO.
58 THE CANADIAN NURSE
I I
ALBERTA
REGISTERED NURSES fOR GENERAL DUTY (WANTED)
for a 37-bed General Hospital. Salary $380 - $440
per month. Commencing with $375 with 1 year and
$390 with 3 years. practical experience elsewhere.
Full maintenance available at $35 per month. Pen-
sion plan available, train fare from any point in
Canada will be refunded after 1 year emplovment.
Hospital located in a town of 1,100 population, 85
miles from Capital City on a paved highway.
Apply to: Two Hills Municipal Ho.pital, Two Hills,
Alberta. 1-88-1
NURSES fOR GENERAL DUTY in active 30-bed hospital,
recently constructed building. Town on main line of
the C.P.R. and on Number 1 highway, midway
between the cities of Calgary and Medicine Hat.
Nurses on staff must be willing and able to take re-
sponsibility in all departments of nursing, with the
exceptions of the Operating Room. Recently renovated
nurses' residence with all single rooms situated on
hospital grounds. Apply to: Mrs. M. Hislop, Adminis-
trator and Director of Nursing, Bassano General Hos-
pital, Bassano. Alberta. 1-5-1
General Duty Nurses for an active accredited well
equipped 64.bed hospital in a growing town, popu-
lotion 3,500. Centrally located between maior cities.
Full maintenance available in a new residence, $35.00
per month. Alberta Registered Nurses salary $360.00
- $420.00, commensurate with experience. Excellent
personnel policies and working conditions. Apply:
Director of Nursing, Brooks General Hospitol, Brooks,
Alberta. 1-13-1 A
GENERAL DUTY NURSES for modern 25-bed hos-
pital on Highwoy No. 12, East-Central Alberta.
Salary range $380 to $440. (including a regionol
differential). New staff residence. Full maintenance
$35. Personnel policies as per AARN. Apply to the:
Director of Nursing, Coronation Municipal Hospital.
Coronotion, Alberta. Tel.: 578-3803. 1-25-IB
GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 64-bed, active treatment
hospital, 35 miles South of Calgary. Salary range
$360 - $420. Living accommodation available in
separate residence if desired. Full maintenance in
residence $35 per month. 30 days paid vacation after
12 months employment. Please apply to: The Director
of Nursing, High River Municipal Hospital, H
gh
River, Alberta. 1-46-1
GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Modern 26-bed hospital
close to Edmonton. 3 buses daily. Salary $360.00 to
$420.00 per month commensurate with experience.
Residence available $35.00 per month. Excellent
personnel policies. Apply: Director of Nursing,
Mayerthorpe Municipal Hospital, Moyerthorpe, Al-
berta. 1-61-1
GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 94-bed General Hospital
located in Alberta's unique Dinosaur Badlands. $360
- $420 per month, 40 hour week, 31 days vacation,
pension, Blue Cross, M.S.I. and generous sick time.
Apply to: Miss M. Hawkes, Director of Nursing, Drum-
heller General Hospital, Drumheller, Alberta. 1-31-2 A
General Duty Nurses and Certified Nursing Aides for
modern combined active treatment and Auxiliary
Hospital. Salary starts at $355 and $240 respectively.
Liberal personnel policies. accommodation available.
Located in Southern Alberta close to U. S. boundary
and Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park. The
61-bed combined hospital serves the town and area of
approximately 6,000 population with all services.
Apply to: The Director of Nursing, Cardston Municipal
Hospital, Box 310, Cardston, Alberta. 1-17-1
GENERAL DUTY NURSES (6) and CERTifiED NURS-
ING AIDES for modern 72-bed hospital. Salary $355
and $240 respectively; credit for experience; liberal
policies. Accommodation available. Apply to: Ad-
ministrator, Providence Hospital, High Prairie, Al-
berta. 1-45- I
BRITISH COLUMBIA
Operating Raam Heod Nurse ($464. $552), Generol
Duty Nunes (B.C. Registered $405 - $481, non-RegIS-
tered $390) for fully accredited 113-bed hospital in
N.W. B.C. Excellent fishing, skiing, skating, curling
and bowling. Hot springs swimming nearby. Nurses'
residence, room $20 per month. Cafeteria meals.
Apply: Director of Nursing, Kitimat General Hospital,
Kitimat, British Columbia. 2-36-1
Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, B.C., invites B.C.
Registered Nur.es (ar tho.. eligible) to apply for
pOlitions in Medicine, Surgery and Psychiatry. Apply
to: Director of Nursing. Victoria, British Columbia.
2.76-4A
B_C. R.N. far Generol Duty in 32 bed General Hospi-
tal. RNABC 1967 salary rate $390 - $466 and fringe
benefits, modern, comfortable, nurses' residence in
attractive community close to Vancouver, B.C. For
application form wtlte: Director of Nursing, Fraser
Canyon Hos pital, R. R. I, Hope, B.L 2-30.1
GENERAL DUTY NURSES (Twa) for active 66-bed
hospital, with new hospital to open in 1968
Active in-service programme. Salary range $372 to
$444 per month. Personnel policies according to
current RNABC contract. Hospital situated in beauti-
ful East Kootenays of British Columbia, with swim-
ming, golfing and skiing facilities readily availab:e.
Apply to: The Director of Nursing, St. Eugene Hos-
pital, Cranbrook, British Columbia. 2-15-1
General Duty Nurses for active 3D-bed hospital.
RNABC policies and schedules in effect, also North-
ern allowance. Accommodations available in res-
Idence. Apply: Direc.tor of Nursing, General Hospital,
fort Nelson, Bntl,h Columbia. 2-23-1
General Duty Nurses for new 30-bed hospital
located in excellent recreational area. Salary ond
personnel policies in accordance with RNABC. Com.
fortable Nurses' home. Apply: Director of Nursing,
Boundary Hospital, Grand Forks, British Columbia.
2-27.2
General Duty Nurse. (2 immediately) for active.
26-bed hospital in the heart of the Rocky Mountains,
90 miles from Banff and Lake Louise. Accommodo-
tion available in attractive nurses' residence. Apply
giving full details of training, experience, etc. to:
Administrator, Windermere District Hospital, Inver-
mere, Brit ish Columbia. 2-31-1
General Duty Nurscs for new 37-bed hospital.
Located in Southwest British Columbia. Salary and
personnel policies in accordance with RNABC. $390
to $466. Accommodation available in residence. Apply
to: Director of Nursing. Nicola Valley General Hos
pital, Box 129, Merrill, British Columbia. 2-41-1
Generol Duty Nurses for well-equipped 80.bed Gener-
al Hospital in beautiful inland Valley adjacent Lake
v.:athlyn and Hudson Bay Glacier. Initial sa lory $387.
Maintenance $60, 40 hour 5 day week. vacation with
pay, comfortable. attractive nurses' residence.
Sooting, fishing, swimming, golfing, curling, skating,
skiing. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Bulkley Valley
District Hospital, P.O. Box No. 370, Smithers, British
Columbia. 2-67-1
GENERAL DUTY NURSES Salary - non B.C
registerea $375 per month - B.L registered $390.
$466, depending on experience. RNABC policies i"
effect. Nurses' residence available. Group Medical
Health Plan. All winter and summer sports. Apply:
Director of Nursing, Cariboo Memorial Hospital. Wil
Iiams Lake, British Columbia. 2-80-1 A
General Duty O. R. and experienced Obstetrical
Nurses for modern, 150-bed hospital located in the
beautiful Fraser ValleYa Personnel policies in ac-
cordance with RNABC. Apply to: Director of Nursing,
Chilliwack General Hospital, Chilliwack, British Co
lumbia. 2-13-1
General Duty and Operating Room Nurses far 70-bed
Acute General Hospital on Pocific Coast. B.C. Regis
tered $390 - $466 per month (Credit for experience)
Non B.L Registered $375 - Practical Nurses B.L LI
censed $273 - $311 per month. Non Registered $253-
$286 per month. Board $20 per month, room $5.00 per
month. 20 paid holidays per year and 10 statutory
holidays after 1 year. Fare paid from Vancouver.
Superannuation and medical plans. Apply: Director of
Nursing. St. George's Hospital, Albert Bay, Britis'"
Columbia. 2-2-1 A
General Duty, Operating Room and Experienced
Obstetricol Nurse. for 434-bed hospital with school
of nursing. Salary: $372.$444. Credit for post ex-
perience and postgraduate training. 40.hr. wk. Stat
utory holidays. Annual increments; cumulative lick
leave; pension plan; 28-daYI annual vacation; B.C-
registration required. .Apply: Director. of Nurs.i':lg.
Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, Bfltll
Columbia. 2-73-13
Groduote Nune. for 31-bed hospital on B.L Coast
Salary $372 for B. C. Registered Nurses plus $I
northern living allowance. Personnel policies in
accordance with RNABC. Travel from Vancouver
refunded after 6 mos. Apply: Administrat.jr, General
Hospital, Ocean falls, British Columbia. 2-49-1
GRADUATE NURSES for 24.bed hospital, 35-mi. from
Vancouver, on coast, salary and personnel proc-
tices in accord with RNABC. Accommodation availa.
ble. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital,
Squamilh, British Columbia. 2-68.'
FEBRUARY 1967
BRITISH COLUMBIA
General Duty and Op.rating Room Nunes for
modern 450-bed hospital with School of Nursing.
RNABC policies in effect. Credit for past experience
and postgraduate training. British Columbia registra-
tion required. For particulars write to: the Director of
Nursing Service, St. Joseph's Hospital, Victoria, British
Columbia. 2-76-5
GRADUATE NURSES for busy 21-bed general hospital
preferably with obstetrical experience. Friendly at-
mosphere, beautiful beaches, local curl ing club.
Own room and board $40 month. Basic salary $357
or $372 plus recognition for post graduate ex-
perience. Apply Matron, Tofino General Hospital,
Tofino, Vancouver Island, B_ C 2-71-1
MANITOBA
Director 0' Nurs.. for up-fa-date 38-bed hospital.
New nurses' residence of 196.4 has separate nurses
suite available. Sick leave, pension plan and other
fringe benefits available. Personnel policies will be
sent on request. Enquiries should include experience,
qualifications and salary expected, and should be
addressed to: Mr. O. Hamm, Administrator, Altona
Hospital District No. 24, Box 660, Allona, Manitoba.
3-1-1
RegIstered Nurses (2) for 50-bed General Hospital in
Fort Churchill, Manitoba. Slarting salary $470 per
month with higher 1967 schedule effective January 1.
Train fare from Winnipeg refunded after six months
service, and return fare refunded after one year
service. Apply to: Director of Nursing. For
Churchill General Hospital, Fort Churchill, Mani-
toba. 3-75-1
Regislered Nurses (2) for 10-bed hospital 01 Fisher
Branch. Manitoba. Starting salary $400/m. Duties to
commence as soon as possible. Residence accom-
modation available. For further information and ap-
plication forms. apply to: Matron, Fisher Branch
Hospital, Fisher Branch, Manitoba. 2-23-2
Registered Nurse' for 18-bed hospital at Vita Manitoba,
70 miles from Winnipeg. Daily bus service. Salary
range $380 - $440, with allowance for experience.
40 hour weeK, 10 statutory holidays, 4 weeks paid
"acation after one year. Full maintenance available
for $50 per monlh. Apply: Malron, Vita Districl
Hospital, Vita, Manitoba. 3-68-1
Registered Nurses and licensed Practical Nurses for
232-bed Children's Hospital, with school of nursing;
active teaching center. Positions available on all
services. Apply: Director of Nursing, Children's Hos-
pital, Winnipeg 3, Manitoba. 3-72- 1
Registered Nurse for General Duty in 20-bed hospital.
Salary range $380 - $440 per month to be increased
Jan. 1, 1967. Room and board available 01 $55.50
per month. Generous personnel policies. Full details
ovailable on request. Apply: Director of Nursing,
Reston Community Hospital, Reston, Man. 3-46-2
General Duty Nurses for 100-bed active treatment hos-
pital. Fully accredited. 50 miles from Winnipeg on
Trans Canada Highway. Apply: Director of Nursing
Service. Portage District General Hospital, Portage La
Prairie, Monitoba. 3-45-1
NOVA SCOTIA
REGISTERED NURSES for 53-bed medium and long-
term active treatment hospital in a progressive city.
Particulars on request. Apply to: Director of Nursing,
Holifax Civic Hospital, 5938 University Avenue, Hali-
fax, Nova Scotia. 6-17-10 A
Registered Nurse. for 21.bed hospilal in pleasant
community - Eastern Shore of Nova Scotia. Apply:
Superintendent, Eastern Shore Memorial Hospital.
Sheet Harbour, Nova Scotia. 6-32- 1
ONTARIO
Co-ordinator of Clinical Nursing Studies in the
Bachelor of Science in Nursing Course: The School
of Nursing, McMaster University, invites applications
from persons with advanced qualifications in clinical
nursing. The position is open for the 1967-1968
session, with duties commencing July 1967. Please
apply sending curriculum vitae and two references
to: Director, School of Nursing, McMaster University,
Hamilton, Ontario. 7-55-15
FEBRUARY 1%7
I I
ONTARIO
Registered Nurse, for 34.bed hospital, min. salary
$387 with regular annual increments to maximum
of $462. 3-wk. vacation with pay; sick leave after
6-mo. service. All Staff 5 day 4()'hr. wk., 9
statutory holidays, pension plan and other benefits
Apply to: Superintendent, Englehart & District Hos
pital, Englehart, Ontario. 7-40-t
Registered Nurses. Applications and enquiries are
invited for general duty positions on the staff of the
Manitouwadge General Hospital. Excellent so lory
and fringe benefits. liberal policies regarding ac.
commodation and vacation. Modern well-equipped
33-bed hospital in new mining town, about 250-mi.
east of Port Arthur and north-west of White River,
Ontario Pop. 3,500. Nurses' residence comprises indiA
v
dual self-contained opts. Apply, stating qualifica.
tions, experience, age, marital status, phone number,
etc. to the Administrator, General Hospital, Mani
touwadge, Ontario. Phone 826-3251 7-74-1 A
Registered Nurses: Applications are invited for Gener
01 Duty Staff Nurses; Gross salary range: $362 to
$422. Supervisory advancement opportunities. Resident
accommodations avaitable; Hospital situated in tourist
tawn off Lake Huron. For further information write:
Superintendent, Saugeen Memorial Hospital, South-
ampton, Ontario. 7-122-1
Registered Nurses for 35-bed active treatment hospital,
35 miles north east of Toronto, Ontario. Minimum
salary $355 per month, and annual increments. Per
sonnel policies including, Medical, O.H.S.C.. weekly
Indemnity Insurance, Ontario Hospital Pension Plan,
and Group Life Insurance shared by the hospital, plus
other benefils_ Apply 10: The Superintendent, The
Collage Hospital (Uxbridge), Uxbridge, Ontano.
7.135-1
Registered Nurses for 18-bed (expanding to 36 bed)
General Hospital in Mining and Resort town of 5,000
people. Beautifully located on Wawa Lake, 140 miles
north of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Wide variety of
summer and winter sports including swimming, boat.
ing, fishing, golfing, skating, curling and bowling.
Six churches of different faiths. Salaries comporable
with all northern hospitals. limited bed and board
available at reasonable rate. Excellent personnel
policies, pleasant working conditions. Apply to:
Director of Nursing, The Lady Dunn General Hospifal,
Box 179, Wawa, Ontario_ 7-140-1 B
Registered Nunes and Registered Nursing AsslstanlS.
for lOO-bed General Hospital, situated in northern
Ontario. Starting salary, Registered Nurses $390 per
month. Registered Nursing Assistants $273 per month,
shift differential, annual increment, 40 hour week.
O. H. A. pension plan and group life insurance.
O. H. S_ C. and P. S. I. plans in effect_ Accommoda
tion available in residence if desired. For full par-
tkulors apply: The Director of Nurses, Lady Minto
Hospital, Cochrc.ne, Ontario. 7-30- 1 A
Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants
are invited to make opplicotion to our 75-bed.
.nodern General Hospital. You wHi be in the Vaca
tionland of the North, midway between the Lakehead
and Winnipeg, Manitoba. Basic salories are $371
and $259, with yearly increments. Write or phone:
The Director of Nursing, Dryden District General
Hospital, DRYDEN, Ontario. 7-26-IA
REGISTERED NURSES AND REGISTERED NURSING
ASSISTANTS (IMMEDIATELY) for a new 40-bed hos-
pital with nurses' residence. Nurses - minimum salary
$387 plus experience allowance, 3 semi-annual incre-
menls of $10 each. R_N.A:s . $270 plus experience
allowance, 2 onnual increments of $10 each. Reply to:
The Director of Nursing, Geraldton District Hospital,
Geraldlon, Ontario. 7-50-1
Registered Nunes and Registered Nursing Assistants
for 160-bed accredited hospitaL Starting salary $415
and $285 respectively with regular annual incre-
ments for botn. Excellent personnel policies. Resid.
ence accommodation avo ilable. Apply to: Director of
Nursing, Kirkland & District Hospilal, Kirkland Lake,
Ontario. 7-67.1
Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants
for 123-bed accredited hospital. Starting salary $400
and $255 respectively with regular increments for
both. Usual fringe benefits. For full information,
apply to: Director of Nursing, Dufferin Area Hos-
pital, Orangeville, Ontario. Phone 941-2410_ 7-90-1
Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants:
Applications are invited from R. N's and R. N. Ass'ts.
who are interested in returning to "nursing at the
bedside" in a well-equipped General Hospital. Excel.
lent starting salaries and fringe benefits now. Further
increase January 1. 1967. Residence accommodation if
desired. For full particulars write to: Director of
Nursing, Sioux Lookout General Hospital, P. O. Box
909, Sioux Lookout, Ontario. 7-119-1 A
I I
ONTARIO
Registered or Graduate Nurses, required for modern
92-bed hospital. Residence accommodation $20 month-
ly. Overseas nurses VI. elcome. lovely old Scottish
Town near Ottowa. Apply: Director of Nursing, The
Great War Memorial Hospital, Perth, Ontario. 7-100-2
Registered Nurses for General Duty in well.equipped
2B-bed hospital, located in growing gold mining
and tourist area, north of Kenora, Ontario. Modern
residence with individual rooms; room, board and
uniform laundry only $45. 40-hr. wk., no split shift,
cumularive sick time, 8 statutory holidays and 28
day paid vacatian after one year. Starting salary
$400. Apply to: Matron, Margaret Cochenour Memo-
rial Hospital, Cochenour, Ontario. 7-29-1
Registered Nurses for General Duty and Operating
Room, in modern 100.bed hospital, situated 40 miles
from Ottawa. Excellent personnel policies. Residence
accommodation available. Apply to: Director of
Nursing, Smiths Falls Public Hospital, Smiths Falls,
Ontario. 7-120-2A
Registered Nurses for General Duty in lOO.bed hos-
pital, located 3D-mi. from OUawa, are urgently reo
quired. Good personnel policies, accommodation
available in new staff residence. Apply: Director of
Nursing, District Memorial Hospital, Winchester, On
Iorio. 7-144.1
Registered Nurses 'or General DUlY and Operating
Room in modern hospital (opened in 1956). Situated
in the Nickel Capital of the world, pop. 80,000
people. Salary $372 per moo, with annual merit
Increments, plLs annual bonus plan, 40.hr. wk. Recog-
nition for experience. Good personnel pollcies_ Assist
once with transportation can be arranged. Apply:
Director of Nursing, Memorial Hospitol, Sudbury,
Ontario_ 7-127-4
General Duty Nurses for 66-bed General Hospital.
Starting salary: $375/m. Excellent personnel policies.
Pension plan, hfe insurance, etc., residence accom-
modation. Only 10 min. from downtown Buffalo.
Apply: Director of Nursing, Douglas Memorial Hos-
pital, Fort Erie, Ontorio. 7-45-1
General Duty Nurses for octive General 77-bed Hos-
pital in heart of Muskoka lakes area: salary range
$400 - 5460 with consideration for previous experience;
excellent personnel policies and fringe benefits:nurses'
residence availoble. Apply to: Director of Nursing,
Huntsville District Memorial Hospita), Huntsville, On-
tario_ 7-59-1
General Duty Nurses for 100-bed modern hospital.
Southwestern Ontorio, 32 mi. from London. Salary
commensurate with experience and ability; $398/m
basic solary. Pension plan. Apply giving full par-
ticulars to: The Director of Nurses, District Memorial
Hospilal, Tillsonburg, Ontario. 7-131-1
General Duty Nurses, Certified Nursing Assistants &
Operating Raam Technician (1) for new 50-bed hos.
Pltal with modern equipment, 40.hr. wk., 8 statutory
holidays, excellent personnel policies & opportunity
for advancement. Tourist town on Georgian Bay.
Good bus connections to Toronto. Apply to: Director
of Nurses, General Hospital, Meaford, Ontario. 7-79-1
General Staff Nurse. and Registered Nursing Assis-
tants are required for a modern, well-equipped General
Hospital currently expanding to 167 beds. Situated in
a progressive community in South Western Ontario, 30
miles from Windsor.Detroit Border. Salary scaled to
experience and qualifications. Excellent employee
benefits and working conditions plus an opportunity
to work in a Patient Centered Nursing Service. Write
for further information to: Miss Patricia McGee, B.
Sc.N., Reg.N. Director of Nursing, Leamington District
Memorial Hospital, Leamington, Ontario. 7-69-1 A
OPERATING ROOM NURSES (2) for a fully ac-
credited 70-bed General Hospital. For Operating
Room Duty. Salary according to experience. Apply 10:
O.R. Supervisor, penetanguishene General Hospital,
Penetanguishene, Ontario. 7-99-2
Public Health Nurses for generalized program. Every
modern fringe benefit. Full credit for experience.
Present salary range $5,030 - $6,148. Further, we
are prepared to give consideration to any salary
request. Apply to: E. G_ Brown, M.D., D.P.H. Direclor
and M.O.H., Kent County Health Unit, 21 - 7th. St.,
Chatham, Ontario_ 7-24-4
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES (2 QUALIFIED) - Stoff
positions ovailable in the City of Oshawa. Duties to
commence January 3rd, 1967. Generalized program
in an official agency. Salary $5,658 to $6,507.
8eginning salory according to experience. liberal
personnel policies and fringe benefits. Apply to: Mr.
D. Murray, Personnel Officer, City Hall, 50 Centre
Street, Oshowa, Ontario. 7-92-2
THE CANADIAN NURSE 59
NURSE-
ANESTHETIST -08
For 350 Bed Commun!ty
Teaching Hospital, 35 mIn-
utes from Metropolitan New
York.
Excellent Salary
+ Benefits
In-service Education
. . 8 Paid Holidays per year
. . Tuition Refund Program
. . 12 Paid Sick Days
per year
. . Free Life and
Disability Insurance
. . Blue Cross Coverage
.
Send Resume to:
Box CN 1433,
125 West 41 St.
New York NY 10036
An Equal Opportunity
Employer MfF
RIVERSIDE
HOSPITAL
OF OTTAWA
A new, air-conditioned 340-bed
hospital. Applications are called
for Nurses for the positions of:
HEAD NURSE - Operating Room
ASSISTANT HEAD NURSES
GENERAL STAFF NURSES
and
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS
Address all enquiries to:
Director of Nursing
RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL OF OTT A W A
1967 Riverside Drive,
Ottawa, Ontario
60 THE CANADIAN NURSE
ONTARIO
Public Health Nurses for generalized programme in
a Counly.Cily Health Unil. Salary schedule as of
January 1, 1967, $5,100 10 $6,100. 20 days vacalion.
Errp10yer sh":Jred pension plan, P.S.I. and hos;>ital-
\z":]t:on. Mi1eage allowance or unit cars. Apply to:
M'S5 Veronica Q'Le:.ry, Sl..pervisor of Public Health
Nursing, Pele,borough Counly-Cily Heallh Unil, P.O.
Box 246, Pelerborough, Onlario. 7-101-4A
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES for generalized public health
program. Good personnel policies inciLding .4 weeks'
vacation, sick time allowance, unit COf or Car allow-
ance, shared pension plan, hospitalization, and
group insurance available. Apply to: Mrs. Muriel
McAvoy, Secretary-Treasurer, Porcupine Health Unit,
70 Balsam Slreel Soulh, Timmins, Onlario. 7.132-2
QUEBEC
EXPO 67, NURSES, BE WISE... Reserve your room
now for Expo 67. Semi-private rooms for one person
in a modern home at 10 minutes from Expo grounds.
Rate:$15 per day, including morning coffee and
transportation to Expo site. Please write to: Mme
Marguerile Richard, R.N., 3585, Beaufort, Ville Bros-
sard. Quèbec. 9-86-3
GRADUATE NURSE for Privale Camp in Ihe Lauren.
lions. JULY AND AUGUST 1967. Wrile: PripSlein's
Camp Inc., 6344 MacDonald Avenue, Monlreal 29,
Quebec. 9-86-5
OPERATING ROOM STAFF NURSES: (Applicalions are
inviled). In a modern 350-bed hospilal. Salaries com-
mensurate with experience and postgraduate educa.
tion. Cumulative sick leave, 28 days cnual vacation,
retirement plan and other liberal fringe benefits.
Apply: Director of Nursing Service, St. Mcry's Hospital,
3830 Lacombe Avenue, Monlreal, Quebec. 9-47-39 A
SASKATCHEWAN
DIRECTOR OF NURSING for modern 24-bed aClive
treatment hospital. Graduates in nursing administration
or with experience will be given preference. Accommo-
dation available in nurses' residence. Salary schedule
will be based on Ihe SRNA recommandalions. Apply:
Mr. R. Holinaty, Administrator, Wakaw Union Hospital,
Wakaw, Saskalchewan. 1()"131.1 A
MATRON for Ihe 2()"bed, new, air.condilioned Cabri
Union Hospilal. Salary according to SRNA schedule.
Residence accommodation available. Reply to: Mr. K.
Exner, Secretary-Treasurer, Cabri Union Hospital, Ca-
bri, Saskalchewan. 1 ()"13-2
Regislered Nurses (2) wanted immedialely for Ihe
20-bed, air.conditioned, new hospital. Salary in ac-
cordance wilh Ihe SRNA schedule. Residence aCcom.
modation available. Reply to: Mr. K. C. Exner,
Secretary.Treasurer, Cabri Union Hospital, Cabri, Sas-
kalchewan. 1()..13-1
Registered Nurses (2) for modern 30.bed General Hos-
pilol at 5hellbrook, Sask., 1967 salory $364 - $464
accommodation available in new residence, rates
nominal, personnel policies in accordance to SRNA.
Shellbrook is 27 miles from cily on Allwealher High.
way, near Waskesiu summer resort. Write the Ad.
ministrator, Box 70 - Shell brook Union Hospital,
Shellbrooke, Saskalchewan. 10.118-1
REGISTERED NURSES for 24-bed aclive treatment hos-
pilal. Eslablished personnel policies and pension plan.
Salary range as per SRNA recommendations. Adjust-
ments to starting solary made for previous experience.
Residence accommodation available at 543.50 per
manlh. Apply: Mr.. Z. Johnson, Acting Direclor of
Nursing, Wakaw Union Hospital, Wakaw, Saskatche.
Wan. 10.131-1
Regislered Nursel for Gene,ol Duty (2) in fully
modern 27.bed hospital. Initial salary $364 per monlh.
Personnel policies according to Sask. Reg. Nurses' As-
sociation recommendations. New modern residence,
excellent working conditions. Duties to commence
when convenient. Apply to: Superintendent of Nursing
Services. Kipling Memorial Union Hospital, Kipling,
Saskalchewan. 1 ()"59-1
General Duty and Operating Room NUlle., also
Certified NUlling A.liltan'l for 560-bed University
Hospital. Salary commensurate with experience and
preparations. Excellent personnel policies. Excellent
opportunities to engage in progressive nursing. Ap.
ply: Director of Personnel, University Hospital, 50s.
kaloon, Saskalchewan. 10.1 16-4A
I I
INSTRUCTORS IN ALL NURSING AREAS required by I
School of Nursing, Regina, Saskalchewan. Offen
3 year and 2 year programs. Enrolment 180. Pre-
ference given to applicants with experience in
nursing education or nursing service. Degree prefer
red. Salary as sel by SRNA. Apply to: Direclor,
School of Nursing, Regina Grey Nun's Hospilal,
REGINA, Saskatchewan. 10-109-7
I I
SASKATCHEWAN
UNITED STATES
REGISTERED NURSES - Soulhern California - Op-
parlunilies available - 368-bed modern haspilal In
Medical-Surgical, Labor and Delivery, Nursey, Oper-
ating Room and Intensive and Coronary Care Units.
Good salary and liberal fringe benefils. Conlinuing
rnservice education program a Located 10 miles from
Los Angeles near skiing, swimming, cultural and edu.
cational facilities. Temporary living accommodations.
Apply: Direclor of Nursing Service, SainI Joseph
Hospilal, Burbank, California 91503. 15-5-63
REGISTERED NURSES needed for rapidly expanding
general hospital on the beautiful Peninsula neor
San Francisco. Outstanding policies and benefits,
including temporary accommodations at low cost,
health coverage, fully refundable retirement plan,
liberal shift differentials, no rotation, exceptional
In-service and orientation programs, unlimited sick
leave accrual, unlimited vacation accrual, sick leave
conversion to vacation, tuition reimbursement. Ex-
cellent salaries based on experience. Contact Person
nel Administrator, Peninsula Hospital, 1783 EI
Camino Real, Burlingame, California - 697't1061.
15-5-201\
Regiltered Nurse.. The Los Angeles Counly General
Hospital has opportunities in all clinical areaS. We
invite "/Our enquiries about positions available in pre-
mature nursery, neuro-surgery, pediatrics, operoting
room and recovery room, as well as general medicol
or surg ical words. Several speciclty programs are
planned for 1967. Slarling salary wilh one year's ex-
perience in an accredited hospital is $591 per month,
$624 after six manlhs. Addilional pay for a degree_
Evening bonus approximalely $60 per monlh. Night
bonus $50. Living quarters available on hospital
grounds for 01 leasl 90 days. We will help you wilh
California Registration. For further information,
wrile: Mrs. Dorolhy Easley, Box 1311 CN. Los Angeles
Counly General Hospilal, 1200 Norlh Slale Slreel, Los
Angeles, California 90033. 15-5-3 E
REGISTERED NURSES Opporlunilies available 01
415-bed hospilal in Medical-Surgical, Labor and
Del ivery, I ntensive Care, Operating Room and Psv-
chictl y. No rotation of shift, good salary, evening
and night differentials, liberal fringe benefits
Temporary living accommodations available. Apply:
Miss. Dolores Merrell, R.N., Personnel Director, Queen
of Angels Hospilal, 2301 Bellevue Aevnue, Los
Angeles 26, California. 15-5-3G
REGISTERED NURSES - SAN FRANCISCO Children's
Hospilal and Adull Medical Cenler hospilal for men
women and children. California registration required
Opportunities in all clinical areas. Excellent salaries.
differentials for evenings and nights. Holidays, vaca-
tions, sick leave, life insurance, health insurance ond
employer-paid pension-plan. Applications and details
furnished on request. Contact Personnel Director, Chil-
dren's Hospital, 3700 California Street, San Francisco
18, California_ 15-5-4
RED CROSS
IS ALWAYS THERE
WITH YOUR HELP
FEBRUARY 1967
UNITED STATES
.tegilt.red Nur..., Career satisfaction, interest and
;,rofessional growth unl imited in modern, JCAH. ce-
.redited 243-bed hospital. Located in one of Cahfor-
'lia's finest areas, recreational, educational and cul-
tural advantages are yours as well as wonderful
year-round climate. If this combination is what
iou're looking for, contact us now!Staff nurse en-
trance salary above $500 per monthi increases to
$663 per month; supervisory positions at highest
rates. Special area and shift differentials to $50 per
month paid. Excellent benefits include free health
and life insurance retirement, credit union and liberal
personnel policies. Professional staff appointments
available in all clinical areas to those eligible for
California licensure. Write today: Director of Nursing.
Eden Hospital. 20103 Lake Chabot Road, Castro VaI-
leI', California. 15.5-12
REGISTERED NURSES: Mount Zion Hospital and Me-
dical Center'. increased salary scales now double our
attraction for nurses who find they can afford to live
6;Jy the Golden Gate. Expansion has created vacQnc
es
for staff and specialty assignments. Address enquiry
to: Personnel Department, 1600 Divisadero Street. San
Francisco, Cal ifornia 9411 S. An equal opportunity em-
ployer. 15.5.4 C
Regi.tered Nurse. for 303-bed modern hospital. Po.
sitlons available - All services, no .hift rotation.
Liberal benefits, advancement opportunities, educa-
ONTARIO HYDRO
requires
REGISTERED NURSE
with
Public Heolth Nursing Cerfificafe. Inferest-
ing and responsible position locofed in
Norfhern Ontario Hydro Colony.
For further details please
write to:
Nursing Supervisor
ONTARIO HYDRO
620 University Avenue
Toronto 2, Ontario
SCHOOL OF NURSING
PLUMMER MEMORIAL PUBLIC
HOSPITAL
SAULT STE. MARIE, ONTARIO
Invites applicants for:
1. Medical-Surgical Instructor
2. Medical Instructor
250-bed non-sectorian General Hospital
with enrolment of BO students. Salary
commensurote with qualifications.
Apply to:
Principal,
SCHOOL OF NURSING.
:EBRUARY 1967
I I
I I
UNITED STATES
UNITED STATES
tional opportunities in area. equal opportunity
employer. Apply: Director of Nursing Service. Kaiser
Foundation Hospitals. San Francisco 15, California.
Phone (JO 7.4400) 15.5-57
hours from Lake Tahoe. Starting salary $51O/m.
with differentials. Apply: Director of Nunes, Mem-
orial Hospital, Woodland, California. 15-5-498
Wanted - General Duty Nur.el. Applications now
being taken for nursing positions in a new addi-
tion to the existing hospital including surgery, cen-
tral sterile and supply, general duty. Salary $425
per month plus fringe benefits. Contact: Director of
Nurses, Alamosa Community Hospital Alamosa,
Colorado. 15-6-1
Regiltered Nursel - California. Expanding, accredit.
ed 303.bed hospital in medical center of Southern
California. University city. Mountain ocean resort
area. Ideal year-round climate, smog free. Starting
salary $6,300. With experience, $6,600. fringe bene-
fits, shif, differential, initial housing ollowance.
Wide variety rentals available. For details on Cali-
fornia License and Visa, write: Director of Nursing,
Cottage Hospitol, 320 W. Pueblo Street, Santa Bar-
bara, California 93105. 15-5-39 A
STAff NURSES: Needed to staff present fully accredit.
ed hospital and new facility to open December 1967.
All services and shifts available. Good salaries and
fringe benefits. Will pay transportation to and from.
Minimum one year contract. For particulars concerning
hospital and community write: L. E. Thompson, Ad-
ministrator, or V. Jenkins, Director of Nursing, Scioto
Memorial Hospitol, Portsmouth, Ohio. 15.364
REGISTERED NURSES - General Duty for 84-bed
JCAH hospital 1 1 a houri from San Francisco, 2
WI!
.
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:[i
BOX 1311 C
DOROTHY EASLEY, R.N. - Nurse Recruitment Officer
1200 North State Street
Los Angeles, Californio 90033
Telephone 213 225-3115
Are you looking for career nursing opportunities?
Do you want more training?
Do unusual services appeal to you?
Then you will want
more information about our hospital
We are a university teaching hospital
for two schools of medicine.
We have over 200 internes, 300 residents
and a full time medical staff.
We are one of the world's
largest medical centers.
Starting Salary-$560.00/ month
. Credit for degree
. Shift differential
. Credit for experience
Outstanding Promotional Opportunities
Assistant Head Nurse or Charge Nurse
Head Nurs.e
Clinical Specialist; Teaching Assistant; Instructor
Coronary Care Unit; P.AR., Intensive Care Units;
Chest Surgery; Jail; Premature Center; Admitting;
General Medicine; O.R.; Diabetic Service; Neurosurgery;
Metabolic Research; Dermatology; Orthopedics; Eye; Rehab;
You name it - We have it I
THE CANADIAN NURSE 61
UNITED STATES
G.n.ral Duty Staff Nur... for 450.bed fully approved
teaching hospital. Top salaries with differential for
evening and night duty. High increments. 4Q-hour
week, paid vacation based on length of service, 8 paid
holidays per year. Accumulative sick plan. Com.
prehensive hospitalization plan. Excellent pension
plan. Orientation and dynamic inservice program.
Nurses' Association (A.F.L.) governs hours, salaries
and working conditions. Registration ta work in
California required. Address applications to: Chief
Nurse, Southern Pacific Memorial Hospital, 1400 Fell
Street. Son francisco. California 94117. 15.5-6 D
ATTENTION GENERAL DUTY NURSES. 297-bed fully
accredited County Hospital located 2 hrs. drive from
San Francisco, ocean beaches, and mountain resorts in
modern and progressive city of 40.000. 40 hr. 5
day wk., pd. vocation, pd. holidays, pd. sick leave,
retirement plan, social security, and insurance plan.
Accommodations in Nurses' Home, meals at reasonable
rates. uniforms laundered without charge. Stort $530
to $556 mo. depending on experience plus .hift and
service differentials. Merit increases to $644 mo. Must
be eligible for Calif. Registration. Write Director of
Nursing. Stanislaus County Hospital. 830 Scenic
Drive, Modesto, California. 15-5-42 B
Nurs.. for new 75-bed General Hospital. Re.ort
area. Ideal climate. On beautiful Pacific ocean.
Apply to: Director of Nur.... South Coast Com-
munity Hospital. South Laguna, California. 15-5-50
I I
UNITED STATES
Stoff Duty pa.itian. (Nur...) in private 403-bed
hospital. Liberal personnel policies and salary. Sub.
stantial differential for evening and night duty.
Write: Personnel Director, Hospital of The Good
Samaritan. 1212 Shatto Street. Los Angeles ] 7,
California_ 15-5-31>
NURSE TEAM LEADER POSITIONS in new 372-bed,
fully accredited. General Hospital in resort area. $461
p.r month days and $485 per month evening and
night shift. Liberal fringe benefits. For descriptive bro-
chure and pol icies write: L. Sims, North Miami Gene-
ral Hospital. 1701 NE t27th Street. North Miami.
florida. 15-10-2 A
REGtSTERED NURSES: for 75-bed air conditioned
hospital, growing community. Starting salary $330-
S365/m, fringe benefits, vacation, sick leave, holi-
days, lif. insurance, hospitalization. 1 meal furnish-
ed. Write: Administrator, Hendry General Hospital,
Clewiston. florida. J 5-10-1
G.n.ral Duty Nur.e. - Pre.ent hospital 55-bed.
with new 75-bed ho.pital to oper. April. I, 1965.
Located on Lak. Okeechobee near west Palm Beach.
Liberal personnel policies, 40-hr. wk., bonus at end
of fir.t year. Minimum starting salary $380. with
differential for evenings and nights. Apply: Director
of Nursing Service. Glade. G.neral Hospital. P.O.
Box 928. Bell. Glade. florida. 15-10-3
"
NIGHT NURSE?
University Hospital is pleased to announce that starting pay for night
nurses now ranges from $30.00 to $33.00 per shift ($7,830 to $8,613
for an annual starting salary)-depending on education and experience.
After 4 years service, night nurse salaries range up to $9,396.00
per year. The base pay for permanent evening and rotating tours
has also been increased plus excellent University Staff benefits are
offered to all nurses.
University Hospital has a Service Department which assigns trained
personnel to handle paperwork and other non-nursing chores,
relieving our nurses for patient care exclusively.
Ann Arbor is nationally known as a Center of Culture with emphasis on
art, music and drama-and recognized as an exciting and desirable
community in which to live.
Write to Mr. George A. Higgins, A6001, University Hospital,
University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan for
more information, or phone collect (313) 764.2172.
We are an Equal Opportunity Employer
UNIVERSITY OF
MEDICAL CENTER.
MICHIGAN
ANN ARBOR
62 THE CANADIAN NURSE
NURSES. Regi.tered, for modern 360-bed hospital.
Op
nings available in all areas, medicine-surgery,
delivery room, nursery, and postpartum. Near Wayne
State University, and an integral part of the new
Medical Center. Salary $550 to $635 per month
plus differential for afternoon and night. Premium
pay for weekends. Good fringe benefits including
Blue Cross and Life Insurance. Apply: Personnel
Director, Hutzel Hospital formerly Woman's Hospital),
432 East Hancock. Detroit, Michigan 48201. 15-23-1 f
OPERATING ROOM NURSE
Preference given posfgraduofe and! or ex-
tensive fraining.
for 270 bed ocufe General Hospitol in the
interior of British Columbio.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL
Kamloopsr B. C.
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
The Solem Chrisfion Sanitorium Associo-
fion Inc.. which pions to open if's 3Q-bed
privote Psychiatric Hospital near Toronto
in 1968. invifes opplicofions for the obove
posifion. Appoinfmenf will be mode short-
ly to allow Director fo porficipote in
planning ond to toke speciol training if
odvisoble.
Apply to:
Rev. J. VanHarmelen r
Box 33, R.R. No. 2r
Whitby, Ontario.
REGISTERED NURSES
For 011 services including Operofing ond
Delivery Room.
Hospifol ropidly exponding fo 450 bed..
Solory $502 to $590 wifh shift, week-end
ond Chorge Nurse differentiol.
Write to Nursing Ollice
ST. JOHN HOSPITAL
22101 Moross Road
Detroit, Michigan 48236
or Telephone: 881-8200
(4-11.24)
FEBRUARY 1967
I II
OPPORTUNITY FOR
GROWTH
CHANGE
SPECIALIZA TION
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TORONTO GENERAL HOSPITAL
Large centrally located University Teaching Hospital
. CONTINUE YOUR PROFESSIONAL GROWTH
Planned orientation programme
Continuing in-service programmes
OpportunitIes of a research and teaching hospital
. BROADEN EXPERIENCE
Posifians available:
General medicine - Obstetrics - Operating Room
General Surgery - Gynaecology - Recovery Room
Specialty units and intensive care - Cardiovascular
Respiratory.- Neurosurgery
. ENJOY ADVANTAGES OF LIBERAL PERSONNEL POLICIES
Excellent patient core facililres
Salaries ICaled to qualifications and experience
3 weeks vocation, statutory holIdays. cumulative sick leave
-. Life Insurance, hospitalization, retirement programme
- Umfarms laundered free
REGISTERED NURSES
Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois is a
new 587-bed General Hospital, located in a pleasant
suburb of Chicago.
The hospital is modern with a wide range of services
to patients, including Hyperbaric Oxygen Unit. Low-
cost modern housing next to the hospital is available.
The hospital is completely air-conditioned.
Annual beginning salary is from $6,000 plus shift
differential pay. Regular salary increments at six
months of service and yearly thereafter. Sick leave
and other fringe benefits are also available.
Write or call collect:
Director of Nursing Services
LUTHERAN GENERAL HOSPITAL
PARK RIDGE r ILLINOIS 60068
Telephone: 692-2210 Ext. 211
Area Code: 312
:EBRUARY 1967
For additional information, write:
Director of Nursing
TORONTO GENERAL HOSPITAL
101 College Street, Toronto 2, Ontario
t
II
SCARBOROUGH CENTENARY HOSPITAL
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Invites Applications For:
- ASSISTANT DIRECTOR
OF ADMINISTRATIVE NURSING
- SUPERVISORS OF CLINICAL AREAS
-0. R. SUPERVISOR
- CASEROOM AND EMERGENCY STAFF
This modern 750-bed hospifal, scheduled to open in the Summer of
1967, is fully equipped with the latesf facilities to assist personnel
in patient care and embraces the most m
ern concepts
f team
nursing. Excellent personnel policies are avaIlable. Progres.Slve staff
and managemenf development programs offer th
maxImum op-
portunities for those who are inferested. Salary IS commensurate
with experience and ability.
For further information, please direct your enquiries to:
Director of Nursing Service,
SCARBOROUGH CENTENARY HOSPITAL
Post Office Box 250, West Hill, Ontario
THE CANADIAN NURSE 63
OSHA W A
GENERAL HOSPITAL
GENERAL DUTY NURSES FOR
ALL DEPARTMENTS
Starting salary for Ontario Regis-
tered nurses $400 with 5 annual
increments to $480 per month.
Credit for acceptable previous
service - one increase for two
years, two increases for four or
more years.
Non-registered - $360.00
Rotating periods of duty - 3
weeks vacation - 8 statutory
holidays.
One day's sick credit per month
beginning in the 7th month of
service cumulative to 45 days.
Pension Plan and Group Life
Insurance - Hospital pays 50%
of Medical, Blue Cross and Hos-
pital Insurance premiums.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
OSHAWA GENERAL HOSPITAL
Oshawa, Ontario
ST. JOSEPH'S
HOSPIT AL
HAMIL TON.
ONTARIO
A modern, progressive hospital,
located in the centre of Ontario's
Golden Horseshoe-
invites applications for
GENERAL STAFF
NURSES
and
REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS
Immediate openings are avail-
able in Operating Room, Psy-
chiatry, Intensive Care - Coro-
nary Monitor Unit, Obstetrics,
Medical, Surgical and Paediatrics.
For further information write to:
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPIT At
Hamilton, Ontario
64 THE CANADIAN NURSE
m
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UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA
SCHOOL OF NURSING
Invites applications
for instructors in:
· Medical-Surgical Nursing
· Paediatric Nursing
for four-year basic degree
programme
and
· Nursing Service Administration
for post-basic degree programme
Effective date of employment:
July, 1967
Salary in accord with University af Alber-
ta salary schedule and commensurate
with qualificafians and experience. Mas-
ter's degree or higher preferred.
Apply to:
RUTH E. McCLURE
DIRECTOR,
SCHOOL OF NURSING
UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA
EDMONTON, ALBERTA
STAFF NURSE POSITIONS
Salary Range $482-$620
with maximum starting $539 on day shift,
$592 evening and/ar night shiffs. Credit
given for educatian and/or experience.
Opportunity fo gain knowledge and skill
in a specialized cancer research hospital.
Regisfration in Texas required. Excellenf
personnel benefifs include: 3 weeks vaca-
tion, halidoys. cumulafive sick leave.
laundry of uniforms furnished. refirement
and Social Securify programs, Hospitaliza-
tian, life and Disabilify Income Insurance
available. Equal opportunity employer.
For applicatian and additional informatian
Write ta:
Personnel Manager
THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS
M.D. ANDERSON HOSPITAL AND
TUMOR INSTITUTE
Texas Medical Center
Houston, Texas 77025
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR
OF NURSING
Applications are invited for the
above position in a fully ac-
credited 163-bed General Hos-
pital in beautiful Northern On-
tario.
Desirable qualifications should
include B.S.N. Degree with ex-
perience in supervision.
For further information,
Write to:
Director of Nursing
KIRKLAND and DISTRICT HOSPITAL
Kirkland Lake, Ontario.
ONTARIO SOCIETY
FOR
CRIPPLED CHILDREN
requires
. Camp Directors
· General Staff Nurses
. Registered Nursing Assistants
for
FIVE SUMMER CAMPS
located near
OTTAWA COLLINGWOOD
LONDON - PORT COLBORNE
KIRKLAND LAKE
Applicafians are invifed from nurse.s in-
ferested in the rehabilitation of physically
handicapped children. Preference given ta
CAMP DIRECTOR applicants having super-
visary experience and ta NURSING ap-
plicants wifh paediatric experience
Apply in writing to:
Miss HELEN WALLACE, Reg. N.,
Supervisor of Camps,
350 Rumsey Road,
Toronto 17, Ontario
FEBRUARY 1%7
...
This
.
IS a
little Eskimo boy
Sometime during the next year.
he might fall and hurt himself-
or get measles or pneumonia.
..
He will need the care of a nurse.
..
A good nurse.
Maybe you?
Registered hospital and public health nurses, certified nursing assistants,
lor lurther inlormation write to:
MEDICAL SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE, OTTAWA, CANADA.
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
Applications are invited
lor the
POSITION OF DIRECTOR OF NURSING
The Director of Nursing will be responsible for
the administration of all nursing services within
the hospital. The hospital currently operates
375 beds and is undergoing extensive moderni-
zation and expansion costing $3,750,000. There
is a furnished apartment available at a mini-
mum rental. A 140 student School of Nursing
housed in a modern residence and operated
by the hospital is the responsibility of a Director
of Nursing Education.
Address enquiries to:
DOUGLAS M. McNABB, Administrator
McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL
Fort William, Ontario
FEBRUARY 1967
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THE SCARBOROUGH
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Invites applications from General Duty Nurses.
Excellent personnel policies. An active and stimulat-
ing In-Service Education and Orientation Programme.
A modern Management Training Programme to as-
sist the career-minded nurse to assume managerial
positions. Salary is commensurate with experience
and ability. We encourage you to take advantage
of the opportunities offered in this new and expand-
ing hospital.
For lurther inlormation write to:
Director of Nursing
SCARBOROUGH GENERAL HOSPITAL
Scarborough, Ontario
THE CANADIAN NURSE 65
THE HOSPITAL
FOR
SICK CHILDREN
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OFFERS:
I. Satisfying experience.
2. Stimulating and friendly en-
vironment.
3. Orientation and In-Service
Education Program.
4. Sound Personnel Policies
5. liberal vacation.
APPLICATIONS FOR REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS INVITED
For detailed information
please write to:
The Assistant Director
of Nursing
AUXILIARY STAFF
555 University Avenue
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
66 THE CANADIAN NURSE
HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
HOSPIT AL -
Newly expanded 350-bed hospital. Progressive patient care con-
cept.
SALARY -
General Staff Nurses (Currently Registered in Ontario) $400.00 -
$480. - 5-increments.
Registered Nursing Assistants (Currently Registered in Ontario)
$295.00 - $331.00, - 3 increments.
HOUSING -
Furnished apartments available at subsidized rates.
JOB SATISFACTION -
High quality patient care and friendly working environment. We
appreciate our personnel and encourage their professional develop-
ment.
You are invited to enquire concerning employment opportunities to:
Director of Nursing
HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
200 Church Street, Weston, Ontario
Telephone 249-8111 (Toronto)
CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL
requires immediately
REGISTERED GENERAL DUTY NURSES
This is a modern 1,000-bed hospital including a new
200-bed convalescent-rehabilitation section. Benefits
include Pension Plan, sick leave, and shift differen-
tial plus a liberal vacation policy and salary range
$360 - $420 per month commensurate with training
and experience.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing Service
CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL
Calgary, Alberta
FEBRUARY 1967
What does
Methodist Hospital
have to offer me?
At the Methodist Hospital, where research is a part
of progress, a nursing career takes on new horizons -
rich in meaning and professional satisfaction.
If you're looking for the chance to be the nurse
you've always dreamed of - coming to the world
famous Methodist Hospital can be an adventure -
almost like stepping into the future - splendid
facilities, so much advance equipment and
everywhere the newest medical and patient care
techniques are in use.
Some of the best aspects of nursing at METHODIST
are as old as medicine itself - there is a spirit of
kindness and consideration, and emphasis on patient
care, that make this a hospital where nursing is
satisfying and rewarding, day by day.
Methodist Hospital is right in the center of the world's
great Medical, Research and Educational complexes.
HOUSTON is an exciting city - rodeo and opera,
pro.football and the famous Alley Theatre, water sports
and beaches an hour or less away, the Houston
Symphony and the Astrodome!
A Few Quick Facts: We're affiliated with Baylor
University College of Medicine and associated with
Texas Woman's University College of Nursing.
New $9'f.! million Cardiovascular and Orthopedic
Research Center will open soon. Our Inservice
Education Department gives you thorough
orientation, and continued instruction in new
concepts and techniques. You'll find every
encouragement to broaden your skills,
including tuition assistance in obtaining
further education in nursing.
...
Send for Your Colorful Informative Illustrated
Brochure. . . to learn about Methodist Hospital,
Houston, positions available, salary and employment
benefits, tuition allowance, complimentary room
accommodation and our Nurse Specialist Programs.
Write, call or send coupon, Director of Personnel,
The Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center,
Houston, Texas 77025
....j
r-------------------------------------ì
I Director of Personnel, THE METHODIST HOSPITAL, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77025 I
I Please send me your brochure about nursing opportunities at THE METHODIST HOSPITAL-Texas Medical Center I
I I
I Name I \
I Address I
I I
I City State Zip Code I
L_____________________________________
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UNIVERSITY
OF ALBERTA
HOSPITAL
Positions are available in our
rapidly expanding Medical Cen-
tre situated on a growing Uni-
versity campus. All service in-
cluding renal dialysis, coronary
intensive care and cardiac surg-
ery offer opportunities for ad-
vancement.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA
HOSPITAL
Edmonton, Alberta
REGISTERED NURSES
for General Duly
In modern 20-bed hospital locat-
ed in thriving northwestern On-
tario community. Starting salary
$335 minimum to $400 maxi-
mum for three years' experience.
Board and room in modern
nurses' residence is supplied at
no charge. Excellent employee
benefits and recreational facili-
ties available. Further particulars
on request. Apply giving full
details of experience, age, avail-
ability, etc. to:
Employment Supervisor
MARATHON CORPORATION
OF CANADA LIMITED
EBRUARY 1967
Marathon, Ontario
OPERATING ROOM
SUPERVISOR
Required for 270-bed General
Hospital with construction of a
new hospital due to completion
in 1967, increasing the bed ca-
pacity to 450. Included in the
new hospital will be the most
modern operating room complex
based on the Friesen Concept of
material and equipment supply.
Excellent fringe benefits with
generous sick leave, four weeks
vacation and contributory pen-
sion plan.
For further information write:
Director of Nursing Service
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL
Belleville, Ontario.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 67
ONTARIO soclm
FOR
CRIPPLED CHILDREN
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Invites applications from Public
Health Nurses who have at least
2 years experience in general-
ized public health nursing, pre-
ferably in Ontario.
INTERESTING AND VARIED
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES
IN AN EXPANDING PROGRAM
INCLUDE:
. an opportunity to work direct-
ly with children, their parents,
health and welfare agencies,
and professional groups
. participation in arranging
diagnostic and consultant cli-
nics
. assessing the needs of the
individually handicapped child
in relation to services provided
by Easter Seal Clubs and the
Society.
Attractive salary schedule with
excellent benefits. Car provided.
Pre-service preparation with sa-
lary.
Apply in writing to:
Director, Nursing Service,
350 Rumsey Road,
Toronto 17, Ontario
68 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Registered Nurses
AND
Registered
Nursing Assistants
For 300-bed Accredited General
Hospital situated in the pictur-
esque Grand River Valley. 60
miles from Toronto.
Modern well-equipped hospital
providing quality nursing care.
Excellent personnel policie5.
For further information write:
Director of Nursing Service
SOUTH WATERLOO
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
Galt, Ontario
REGISTERED NURSES
250-bed General Hospital, ex-
panding to 400, located in San
Francisco, California. Positions on
all shifts for nurses in Intensive
Care Unit, Operating Room, and
General Staff Duty. Salary range
effective April 1967, $600-$700.
Health and life Insurance, Retire-
ment Program - all hospital
paid. liberal holiday and vaca-
tion benefits. Accredited medical
residencies in Medicine, General
Surgery, Neuro Surgery, Ortho-
pedics, and Plastic Surgery.
For further information write to:
Miss Lois Jann,
Director of Nursing
FRANKLIN HOSPITAL
14th and Noe Streets,
San Francisco, California
THE
NORTHWESTERN
GENERAL
HOSPIT AL
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THE HOSPITAL-
Fully accrediled
Progressive 150 bed hospital
Planned expansion to 400 beds
10 minutes to downtown Toronto.
YOUR PROFESSIONAL GROWTH
Planned orientation programme
Continuing inservice education.
BENEFITS INCLUDE-
3 weeks vacation
8 slatutory holidays
Cumulalive sick leave
Group life insurance
Hospitalization
40 hour week.
HOUSING -
Furnished apartmenls al reduced rates
For information contact:
Director of Nursing
NORTHWESTERN
GENERAL HOSPITAL
2175 Keele St.,
Toronto 15, Onto
FEBRUARY 196"
PALO ALTO-STANFORD
HOSPITAL CENTER
Located on the beautiful campus of Stanford University in Palo Alto, California.
,
,
,
--
.,
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"We invite you to join our professional staff and to gam unparalled experiences m
nursing."
For additional information-
NAME:
ADDRESS:
CITY:
SERVICE DESIRED:
Return to: PALO ALTO-STANFORD HOSPITAL CENTER
Personnel Department
300 Pasteur Drive
Palo Alto, California
STATE:
REGISTE RED NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING
ASSIST ANTS
REQUIRED FOR
ST. MARY'S HOSPITAL
TIMMINS, ONTARIO
MODERN - 200 BED HOSPITAL
EXCELLENT PERSONNEL POLICIES
PLEASANT TOWN OF 30.000
WIDE VARIETY OF SUMMER
AND WINTER SPORTS -
SWIMMING, BOATING,
FISHING. GOLFING, SKATING,
CURLING, TOBOGGANING,
SKIING AND ICE FISHING.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing Service
ST. MARY'S HOSPITAL
Timmins, Ontario
EBRUARY 1967
VICTORIA HOSPIT At
LONDON. ONTARIO
Modern 1.000-bed hospital
Requires
Registered Nurses for
all services
and
Registered
Nursing Assistants
40 hour week - Pension plan
- Good salaries and Personnel
Policies.
Apply:
Director of Nursing
VICTORIA HOSPIT At
London, Onto
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
TORONTO, ONTARIO
REGISTERED NURSES
and
REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS
lOO-bed fully accredited hospital provides
experience in Operating Room. Recovery
Room, Infensive Care Unit. Pediatrics
Orthopedics, Obstetrics. General Surgery
and Medicine.
Orientation and Active Inservice program
for all staff.
Salary is commensurote with preporafion
and experience.
Benefits include Canada Pension Pion,
Hospital Pension Plan, Group Life Insu-
rance. Sick leave - 12 days after One
year, Onfario Hospital Insuronce - 50%
payment by hospital.
Rotafing Periods of duty - 40 hour week,
8 statufory holidays - annual vocotion
3 weeks after one yeor_
Apply:
Assistant Director of
Nursing Service
ST. JOSEPHrS HOSPITAL
30 The Queensway
Toronto 3, Ontario
THE CANADIAN NURSE 69
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YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL
NEWMARKET. ONTARIO
HOSPITAL:
A newly expanded 257 bed hospital wifh such progressive
patient care concepts as a 12-bed LCU., 22.bed psychiatric
ond 24-bed self care unif.
IDEAL LOCATION:
45 minutes from downtown Toronfo, 15-30 minutes from
excellenf summer ond winfer resort oreas.
SALARIES:
Registered Nurses: $372-$447 per month.
Registered Nursing Assistants: $277-$310 per month.
BENEFITS INCLUDE:
Furnished apartments, medical and hospital insurance. group
life insurance. pension plan, 40 hour week.
Please address all enquiries to:
Director of Nursing
YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL
596 Davis Drive
Newmarket, Ontario
ADDITIONAL CLINICAL TEACHERS
required
to assist in Developing New Curriculum and a
Regional School.
School of Nursing Building is New
and well equiped.
Salaries and Fringe Benefits at Metropolitan level.
Qualifications - B.Sc.N.
or
Diploma in Nursing Education
GENERAL STAFF NURSES
Required for all Services
Salaries and Fringe Benefits at Metropolitan level
Apply to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
BRANTFORD GENERAL HOSPITAL
Brantford. Ontario
70 THE CANADIAN NURSE
MAIMONIDES HOSPITAL
AND HOME FOR THE AGED
AN OPPORTUNITy....
A CHALLENGE....
A NEW EXPERIENCE....
SUPERVISORS, STAFF NURSES, NURSING
ASSISTANTS, INSTRUCTORS, PSYCHIATRIC
NURSE:
We invite you to join the nursing staff of New Mai.
monides.
LIBERAL VACATION HEALTH AND
PENSION PLANS _ SALARIES COM-
MENSURA TE WITH RECOGNIZED SCALES
Apply to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
5795 Caldwell Avenue
Montreal 29, Quebec
THE ST. CATHA RINES
GENERAL HOSPITAL
A modern 500-bed hospital located in the heart
of the beautiful Niagara Peninsula, within
easy travel distance from Buffalo, Hamilton
and Toronto, invites applications from: Gener-
al StaH Nurses.
Pleasant working conditions. Excellent per-
sonnel policies.
Apply:
The Director of Nursing Service
THE ST. CATHARINES
GENERAL HOSPITAL
St. Catharines r Ontario
FEBRUARY 196:
DIRECTOR
OF SCHOOL OF NURSING
Applications are invited for the above position in a
School of Nursing intending to revise programme in
Fall of 1967 to a two year programme with a third
year of experience in hospital nursing service. The
School of Nursing is a new self-contained educational
building, opened in 1964, with enrollment of ap-
prox imately 140 students.
Trent University is situated in Peterborough.
Minimum requirement - Bachelor's Degree. Salary
will be commensurate with qualifications and ex-
perience.
For further details apply to:
Chairman of Nursing Education Committee,
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC HOSPITAL
Peterborough r Ontario
KOOTENAY LAKE GENERAL HOSPITAL
invites applications for the position of
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
The positian involves administration of the patient care services of
a leo-bed modern, accredited general care hospital with medical,
surgical, obstefrics and paediatric services. Nursing service staff
comprises 38 graduafe nurses, 20 procfical nurses and orderlies and
5 p.n. trainees.
The Direcfor of Nursing would be directly responsible to fhe
Administrafor.
Graduation from an approved School of Nursing essential with
experience or preparation in patient care administration desirable.
location of the hospital is Nelson in the Kootenay lake Regian
of Southeasfern British Columbia, centre of Notre Dome University,
Kootenay School of Art and B.C. Vocational Training School. It is
an area of stable economy, temperate climafe with varied edu-
cafional, culfural, commercial, industriol. administrafive and resort
activity.
Please direct enquiries or applications stating
experience, training and references to:
Administrator,
KOOTENAY LAKE GENERAL HOSPITAL
3 View Street,Nelson, B. C.
EBRUARY 1967
MORRISTOWN MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY
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Morristown Memorial is a modern, full-service, 355-bed regional
hospital center with excellent opportunities for specialization and
advancement in all types of positions within the general and spe-
cialty fields. All services are accredited. Our planned orientation
and continuing in-service training programs are managed by a full-
time director and supervised by physicians, nurses, and specialists
in related fields. Three nearby universities offer opportunity for
advanced study.
Here at Morristown Memorial you can further your professional
development while enjoying the advantages of life in a friendly
suburban community only 30 miles away from the heart of New
York City. Attractive, low.cost apartments are available within our
own buildings located but a few steps from the Hospital's entrance.
Minimum starting salaries are:
$120.00 weekly (day) . .......... $520.00 monthly
$136.15 weekly (3-11 or 11-7) .... $590.00 monthly
In addition, we provide a liberal program of fringe benefits.
You advance to supervisory positions on merit; promotions
are made from within.
New Jersey has no state income tax.
For full information concerning nursing opportunities, write to:
Miss Ruth C. Anderson, R. N., Asst. Administrator
Morristown Memorial Hospital, Morristown, New Jersey
THE CANADIAN NURSE 71
WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL
Requires
GENERAL STAFF NURSES
ALL DEPARTMENTS
and
O.R. TECHNICIANS
Apply.
Director of Nursing
WOODSTOCK
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Woodstock, Ontario
McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL
requires
Registered Nurses for general Staff. The
hospital is friendly and progressive.
It is now in the beginning stages of a
$3,500,000 program of expansion and
renovation.
- Openings in all services.
- Proximity fo lakehead
ensures opportunity for
education.
University
furthering
For full particulars write to:
Acting Director
of Nursing Service
McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL,
Fort William, Ontario.
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
Hamilton, Ontario
r
uires
CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS in all Nursing
areas. Well-equipped, modern School of
Nursing. Student enrolment OYer 300.
Modern, progressiye, SOO-bed Hospital.
Salary commensurate with preparation
and experience.
For further details, apply:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
72 THE CANADIAN NURSE
PORT COLBORNE
GENERAL HOSPITAL
PORT COlBORNE, ONTARIO
ST AFF NURSES
required
For 166-bed hospital within easy driving
disfonce of American and Canadian me-
tropolitan centres. Consideration given for
previous experience obtained in Canada.
Completely furnished apartment-style resi-
dence, including balcony ond swimming
pool facing lake, adjacent fo hospital.
Apply:
Director of Nursing
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Port Colborne,Ontario
REGISTERED NURSES
For new IOO-bed General Hospital in
resort town of 14,000 people, beautifully
located on shores of lake of fhe Woods.
Three hours' fro vel fime from Winnipeg
with good transportation available. Wide
variety of summer and winter sports-
swimming, boating, fishing, golfing, skat-
ing, curling, tobogganing. skiing and ice
fishing.
Salary: $372 for nurses registered in
Ontario with allowance for experience.
Residence available. Good personnel poli-
cies.
Apply to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
KENORA GENERAL HOSPITAL
Kenora, Ontario
OTTAWA CIV1C HOSPITAL
OTTAWA, ONTARIO
This modern 1087.bed teaching hospital
requires:
REGISTERED NURSES
FOR All SERVICES INCLUDING
OPERATING ROOM AND PSYCHIATRY
Excellent salaries, personnel policies and
Fringe benefits are availoble.
Apply in writing to:
B. JEAN MILLIGAN, Reg. N., M.A.
Assistant Director
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
lONDON. ONTARIO
Teaching Hospital, 600 beds. new facilities
requires :
TEACHERS
REGISTERED NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS
For further information apply :
The Director of Nursing
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
London, Ontario
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
EDUCATION
Master's degree preferred; to conduct
basic nursing program and affilliafe pro-
gram
Apply to:
Director of Nursing,
CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL
OF WINNIPEG,
Winnipeg, Manitoba.
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Requires
GENERAL STAFF NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING
ASSISTANTS
O. R. TECHNICIANS
Modern 395 bed, fully accredited General
Hospital opened in 1954, with School of
Nursing. Excellent personnel policies.
O. H. A. Pension Plan. Pleasanf progres-
sive industrial city of 22.500.
Apply:
Director of Nursing,
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN GENERAL
HOSPIT AL
St. Thomas, Ontario.
FEBRUARY 1967
OPERATING ROOM
SUPERVISOR
With Postgraduate Course in
Operating Room technique
and management
Required for a 375-bed fully
accredited General Hospital with
projected reconstruction program.
Salary based on qualifications
and experience.
Fringe benefits include hospital
and medical coverage, generous
sick leave, three weeks' vacation
and contributory pension plan.
For further information write:
Director of Nursing Service
METROPOLITAN
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Windsor, Ontario
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. . Good starting salary
. . In-service education
. . 12 paid sick days per year
. . Tuition refund program
. . Free life and
disability insurance
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125 West 41 St.
New York, N.Y. 10036
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Employer MfF
EBRUARY 1967
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THE WINNIPEG GENERAL HOSPITAL
i. Recruiting General Duty Nurse. for all Service.
SEND APPLICATIONS DIRECTLY TO
THE PERSONNEL DIRECTOR,
WINNIPEG GENERAL HOSPITAL
WINNIPEG 3, MANITOBA
DIRECTOR, SCHOOL OF NURSINC
Applications are invited
for the
POSITION OF DIRECTOR.
SCHOOL OF NURSING
;';.-
The Director will have complete charge of two-plus-one
diploma program with 360 students, adequate faculty,
new ultra-modern facility associated with 1000-bed
teaching hospital. Master's degree preferred. Considera-
tion will be given to candidate with Bachelor of Science
in Nursing Education degree and good leadership poten-
tial. Appointment will be made by July 1, 1967.
For further information. write to:
Chairman r Nursing Advisory Committee
c/o Nursing Office,
VICTORIA HOSPITAL
London, Ontario.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 73
REGISTERED NURSES
Staff posifions available in acute and
convalescent unit of large General Hospital
locafed in San Francisco Bay Area. Sfarfing
salary $550 fo $605 plus differenfial. Ex-
cellenf benefits.
Apply:
SEQUOIA HOSPITAL
Whipple and Alameda
Redwood City, California
222 BED GENERAL HOSPITAL
requires
STAFF NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS
Cornwall is noted for its summer and
winter sport areas, and is an hour and a
half from both Montreal and Ollawa.
Progressive personnel policies include 4
weeks vacatian. Experience and posf-basic
certificates are recognized.
Apply to:
Ass't. Director of Nursing
(service)
CORNWAll GENERAL HOSPITAL
Cornwall, Ontario
EVENING OR NIGHT
SUPERVISOR
For 70-bed active hospital locafed 70
miles East of Saskafoon. Salary com-
mensurafe wifh experience and qualifica-
fions. Excellent personnel policies.
Apply:
Director of Nursing Service
ST. ELIZABETH'S HOSPITAL
Humboldt, Saskatchewan
74 THE CANADIAN NURSE
RfGlSTERED NURSES
required for
B2-bed hospital. Situated in the Niagara
Peninsula. Transportation auisfance.
for salary rates and personnel policies,
apply to:
Director of Nursing
HALDIMAND WAR MEMORIAL
HOSPITAL
Dunnville, Ontario
DIRfCTOR OF NURSING
Applications are invifed for the above
position in a modern, 56-bed, fully ac-
credited hospital wifh expansion plans
under active sfudy. Nursing administrative
education and experience desirable.
Salary commensurafe with qualificafions.
Apply:
Mrs. M. Fearn, Executive Director
THE BARRIE MEMORIAL
HOSPITAL
Ormstown" Quebec
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC HOSPITAL
School of Nursing requires
INSTRUCTRESS (Nursing Arta)
INSTRUCTRESS (Medical.Surgical Area)
New self-contained educafion building for
school of nursing now open.
T renf Universify is situafed in Peferborough
For further information write to:
Director of Nursing
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC
HOSPITAL
Peterborough. Ontario
SCHOOL OF NURSING
WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL
Requires the following Faculty
a) Psychiafric Teacher (One).
b) Medical and Surgical Teachers (Two).
Minimum requirement - B. Sc. N.
The above additional staff is required
for New Program.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing Education
WOODSTOCK GENERAL
HOSPITAL
Woodstock, Ontario
SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL
COOKSVlllE, ONTARIO
A new 45Q-bed General Hospital, located
12 miles from fhe Cify of Toronto. has
openings fOr:
(1) GENERAL STAfF NURSES in all de-
partments;
(2) Registered Nursing Assistants in all
departments.
For information or application, write to.
Director of Nursing
SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL
Cooksville, Ontario
SCHOOL OF NURSING
PUBLIC GENERAL HOSPITAL
Chatham, Ontaria
requires
INSTRUCTORS
Student Body of 130
Modern self-contained educafion building
Universify Preparation required with
salary differenfial for Degree.
For further information,
apply to:
Director r Nursing Education
FEBRUARY 196
THE HOSPITAL
FOR
SICK CHILDREN
1'r
J
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,
, II
,
\. l
YOU
Receive the advantages of:
1. Five-week orientation pro-
gram for new staff.
2. Ongoing in-service education
for nurses.
3. Extensive student education
program.
4. Research Institute.
APPLICATION FOR GENERAL
DUTY POSITIONS INVITED
For information contact:
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING
555 University Avenue
Toronto, Canada
EBRUARY 1967
DIRECTOR
OF
REGIONAL SCHOOL
OF NURSING
"KIRKLAND LAKE"
Applications are invited for the
position of Director of a new
Regional School of Nursing to be
established in Kirkland lake with
an annual enrollment of 30
students encompassing five area
hospitals. An excellent opportu-
nity to develop a program from
the erection of the building to
operating the school.
Please direct enquiries to:
The Secretary of the Steering
Committee:
R. J. Cameron, Administrator,
KIRKLAND AND DISTRICT
HOSPITAL
Kirkland Lake, Ontario.
DIRECTOR
OF NURSING SERVICE
The Belleville General Hospital
requires a Director of Nursing
Service to be responsible for the
administration of all nursing ser-
vice activities.
The hospital presently has a ca-
pacity of 300 beds and will in-
crease to a total of 450 beds in
about one year, upon completion
of a construction programme.
The design incorporates a central
Supply Process Dispatch system.
Applicants should have a degree
in nursing service administration
as well as considerable expe-
rience in a similar position.
Applications and enquiries
should be addressed to:
Acting Administrator
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL
Belleville, Ontario.
OUR DIRECTOR
OF NURSING
needs you
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We're opening a brand new 120-
bed addition and we need your
help. We want our patients to
have the finest of care as well as
the finest of facilities. If you're a
professional nurse who's inter-
ested in enhancing your own
career as well as improving your
hospital's scope of care, we
need you.
h
PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL CENTER
ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO 87106
"Starting salary to $555 a month
--Expanding, progressive
500.bed hospital
--Personal orientation program
"liberal fringe benefits
"Continuing educational programs
"Airline travel paid
-*Two universities
--Growing metropolitan area
"Twenty minutes from nearby
mountain ski area
EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER
Mail coupon oreall collecI(505.243.9411, Ext. 219)
Mrs. Susan Dicke. Director of Nurse Recruitment
Presbyterian HospItal Cenler. Department B
Albuquerque. New MexIco 87106
Please mail me more information about nursing
at Presbyterian Hospital Centar and how I may
contribute to your patient care program.
Name
Address
City
State
School 01 Nursing
Year of Graduallon _Month
THE CANADIAN NURSE 75
GRADUATE NURSES
Eligible for registration in fhe
Province of Ontario.
Various posifions available os SUPER-
VISORS, HEAD NURSES, ond GENERAL
DUTY NURSES. Excellent opportunities for
odvancement in all areos of modern,
newly expanded I,OOo-bed Generol Hos-
pital, including O.R. ond Recovery, Inten-
sive Core, Emergency, Cenfrol Supply,
Medicol ond Surgicol Unifs.
Please contact:
Director of Nursing
HENDERSON GENERAL
HOSPITAL
Hamilton, Ontario
COLONEL BELCHER HOSPITAL
CALGARY, ALBERTA
EDUCATIONAL INSTRUCTOR
Up to $6,283 per annum
(depending on qualific"tions)
Duties: to conduct in-service troining for
Nurses and Ancillary Stoff. "
Qualifications: must be 0 Regisfered
Nurse preferobly with odvanced train-
ing in nursing educofion ond odminis-
frofion.
Apply immediately to the
Personnel Office,
COLONEL BELCHER HOSPITAL
Calgary, Alberta
Quote 998.
OPERATING ROOM NURSES
WE NEED
YOU
APPLY TO:
Director of Nursing Service
SUDBURY GENERAL HOSPITAL
Sudbury, Ontario.
76 THE CANADIAN NURSE
REGISTERED GENERAL
DUTY NURSES
For 75-bed ocfive hospifol located 70
miles Eost of Soskotoon.
Excellent personnel policies.
Apply:
Director of Nursing Service
ST. ELIZABETH'S HOSPITAL
Humboldt, Saskatchewan
SYDENHAM DISTRICT HOSPITAL
WALLACEBURG, ONTARIO
Exponsion, scheduled to open April I,
1967. Regi.t.r.d Nu.... - salary range
$400 . $480, per month commensurote
with experience ond quolificotions.
Regi.t.red Nu..ing A..istants - so lory
ronge $295 - $331 per month. Excellent
personnel polcies.
For further information and application
form please write:
Mrs. M. Brevik
Director of Nursing
SYDENHAM DISTRICT HOSPITAL
Wallaceburg, Ontario.
PORT COLBORNE
GENERAL HOSPITAL
PORT COLBORNE, ONTARIO
requires
A Supervisor for evening ond nighf rOfo,
tion of dUfy "and A Supervisor for in-
service educofion progromme for 166-bed
hospital within easy driving disfonce of
Americon ond Canadian mefropolilan
centres, considerotion given for previous
experience obtained in Conado. Comple.
tely furnished apartmenf-style residence,
including bolcony ond swimming pool
focing loke, odjocent fo hospitol.
Apply:
Director of Nursing
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Port Colborne, Ontario.
CAMPS HIAWATHA
IN THE LAURENTIANS
50 mile. from Montreal and EXPO
FOR GIRLS FOR BOYS
To compose its Medical Sfaff
for July ond August 1967
requires:
. A RESIDENT PHYSICIAN
. TWO (2) REGISTERED NURSES
. TWO (2) NURSES AIDES
Sfoff for the full summer is preferred, buf
orrangements for one monfh may be hod.
Excellent food ond living occommodofions;
Wonderful othlefic ond recreotional faci-
lifies.
Please call or write:
CAMPS HIAWATHA INC.,
1405 Bishop Street,
Montreal 25, Quebec
Tel.: 844-2556
NEW POSITION
IN.SERVICE CO.ORDINATOR
required
fO direcf, supervise ond porticipate in 0
progrom of In-Service Educofion. Require-
ments: Baccalaureafe degree. Experience
in nursing service and educafion. Keen
inferest in sfoff development. Initiofive
ond leodership ability.
Enquire:
Director of Nursing
ROYAL COLUMBIAN HOSPITAL
New Westminster, B.C.
ROYAL ALEXANDRA HOSPITAL
EDMONTON, ALBERTA
Modern ocfive treotment hospital Super-
visors required far doys, evening ond
night dUfy for Poediofric and Medical
Nursing Units. General DUly for 011 servi.
ces including Infensive Core Unit. Excel-
lent working conditions ond currenf per-
sonnel policies. Credit will be given for
previous experience ond Postgroduate
quolificofions.
Apply:
Personnel Office,
ROYAL ALEXANDRA HOSPITAL
Edmonton, Alberta
FEBRUARY 196
I. \It.j:.. 1\..( ,
REGISTERED & GRADUATE
NURSES
Are required to fill vacancies in a modern, centrally
located Hospital. Tours of duty are 7:30 - 4:00, 3:30 -
12:00 and 11 :30 - 8:00.
Salary range for Registered Nurses is $382.50 to
$447.50 per month and for Graduate Nurses is
$352.50 to $417.50 per month. We offer a full
range of employee benefits and excellent working
conditions.
Day Care facilities for pre-school children from 3
months to 5 years in age.
Apply in person, or by letter to :
Personnel Manager,
THE RIVERDALE HOSPITAL
St. Matthews Road,
Toronto 8, Ontario.
SCHOOL OF NURSING
BROCKVILLE
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Requires
TEACHERS
For the recently approved two year curriculum with
a third year of experience in nursing service. You
will enjoy participating in the development of a
progressive school which emphasizes planned learn-
ing experiences for the students. Theory is taught
concurrent with clinical experience.
Qualifications: Bachelor of Science in Nursing
or Diploma in Nursing Education
or Diploma in Public Health Nursing
Excellent salaries and personnel policies.
You would enjoy living in the attractive "City of
the Thousand Islands" two and one half hours from
Expo 67.
For further information contact:
The Director, School of Nursing
BROCKVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL
Brockville, Ontario
BRUARY 1967
THE MONTREAL GENERAL HOSPITAL
offers a
6 month Advanced Course in
Operating Room Technique and
Management to
REGISTERED NURSES
with a year's Graduate experience
in an Operating Room.
Classes commence in September and
March for selected classes of
8 students
For further information apply to :
The Director of Nursing
THE MONTREAL GENERAL HOSPITAL
Montreal 25, Quebec
DIRECTOR OF SCHOOL
OF NURSING
REQUIRED FOR
DISTRICT SCHOOL OF NURSING
Minimum Requirement - B. Sc. N.. with five years
experience. two of these in Nursing Education.
Apply to:
Mr. Harold Swanson, Chairman,
BOARD OF NURSING EDUCATION
220 Clarke Street
WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO
THE CANADIAN NURSE 77
$700 monthly. Write: Personnel Director, Mercy Hos-
p ital, Bakersfield, California. 15-5-58A
REGISTERED NURSES: Excellent opportunity for ad-
vancement in atmosphere of med ico I excellence. Pro-
gressive patient core including Intensive Core and
Cardiac Core Units. Finely equipped growing 200-
bed suburban community hospital just on Chicago..
beautiful North Shore. Completely air conditioned
furnished apartments, paid vacation, ofter six months,
stoff development program, and liberal fringe bene-
fits. Starting salary from $466. Differential of $30
for nights or evenings. Contact: Donald L Thomp-
son. R. N., Director of Nursing, Highland Pork Hos-
pital, Highland Pork, Illinois 60035. 15-14-3 A
UNITED STATES
REGISTERED NURSES - Just over the Golden Gate
from Son Francisco in uMorvelous Morin". Modern ex-
panding 250 bed hospital. Opportunities in medical,
surgical obstetrical, ICU, OR, Cardiovascular, Psychia-
tric oreas. Dynamic inservice program. Salary. based
on education and experience starting from $600 to
$675. PM and night shift differentials of 10 % and
7 %. plus liberal employee benefits. Opportunities for
graduate study in nearby colleges and universities.
St;mulating, progressive hospital atmosphere plus ex-
citing off-duty attractions of nearby Son Francisco.
the Redwoods. ocean swimming and mountain skiing.
Contact: Personnel Director, Morin General Hospital.
Box 30 San Rafael, Cal ifornia. 15-5-69 A
Registered Nurses and Certified Nursing Alsistants.
Openinq in several areas, all shifts. Every other week-
end off, in small community hospital 2 miles from
Boston. Rooms available. Hospital paid life insurance
and other liberal fringe benefits. RN salary $100 per
week, plus differential of $20 for 3-11 p.m. and
11.7 a.m. shifts. C.N. Ass'ts. $76 weekly plus $10 for
3-11 p.m. and 11-7 a.m. shifts. Write: Miss Byrne,
Director of Nurses. Chelsea Memmorial Hospital,
Chelsea, Massachusetts 02150. 15-22.1 C
REGISTERED NURSES - CALIFORNIA Progressive hos-
pital in San Joaquin Volley has openings for R.N:s.
Located between Son Francisco end Los Angeles near
mountain. ocean and desert resorts. Paid vocation.
paid sick leave. paid Blue Cross. disability insurance,
voluntary retirement plan. Salary range from $500 to
Bli
SCHOOL FOR GRADUATE NURSES
McGill UNIVERSITY
PROGRAMS FOR GRADUATE NURSES
DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF NURSING
Two yeors from McGill Senior MOfriculofion or three years from McGill Junior
MOfriculotion or the equivolents. In First Yeor fhe student elects one clinical
setting in which to study nursing, selecting from
. Mafernol ond Child Health Nursing
. Medicol-Surgicol Nursing
. Mental Heolfh and Psychiotric Nursing
. Public Heolfh Nursing
In Final Yeor fhe sfudenf studies in nursing educolion, or nursing service
supervision, selecting from
· Teoching of Nursing
. Supervision of Nursing Service in Hospifals
. Supervision of Public Health Nursing Service
DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE (APPLIED)
A progrom of two ocodemic yeors for nurses wifh 0 boccoloureofe degree.
Students elect to mojor in:
. Development and Administrotion of Educotionol Progroms in Nursing
. Nursing Service Adminisfrofion in Hospitols ond Public Heolth Agencies
PROGRAM IN BASIC NURSING
leading to the degree Bachelor of Science in Nursing
A five.yeor progrom for students with McGill Junior Mafriculotion Or its equivalent.
This progrom combines ocodemic ond professional courses with supervised nursing
experience in fhe McGill teoching hospifols ond selected heolth ogencies. This brood
bockground of educafion, followed by graduofe professional experience, prepores
nurses for odvanced levels of service in hospifals ond communify.
for further particulars write to:
DIRECTOR, McGILL SCHOOL FOR GRADUATE NURSES
3506 UNIVERSITY STREET, MONTREAL 2, QUE.
78 THE CANADIAN NURSE
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DALHOUSIE
UNIVERSITY
Degr.. Course in Bosic Nursing - (B.N.)
4 years
A progrom extending Over four colendor
yeors leading to the Bachelor of Nursing
degree is offered to candidates wifh a
Nova Scofia Grade XII sfonding (or equiv-
alenf) and prepares the student for nursing
proctice in hospitals ond the community.
The curriculum includes sfudies in the
humonities, nursing and the sciences.
Degree Course for Registered Nurses -
(B.N.) - 3 years
A progrom extending over three ocademic
yeors is offered to Registered Nurses who
wish to obtain 0 Bachelor of Nursing
degree. The course includes studies in
the humonities, sciences ond 0 nursing
specialty.
Diploma Courses for Registered Nurses -
1 yea.
(1) Nursing Service Administration
(2) Public Health Nursing
(3) Teaching in Schools of Nursing
For further information apply to:
Directo., School of Nursing
DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY
Halifax, N.S.
DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY
offers
NEW DIPLOMA PROGRAM
in
OUTPOST NURSING
A program exfending over two colendar
yeors hos been developed to prepare
graduote nurses for service in remofe
areos of Northern Canada. Mojor oreas
wifhin the course of study will include:
Public heolth nursing
Complete midwifery
Bosic clinicol medicine
Insfruction will be highly individualized.
1st yeor - To be spent ot the Universify.
2nd yeor - To consist of on internship
directed by the Universify in
selected northern ogencies.
Condidofes should hove completed of
leost one yeor of professional nursing.
Upon completion of the progrom sfudents
will receive 0 Diploma in Public Heolth
Nursing ond 0 Diplomo in ÛlJfpost
Nursing.
For further information write to:
Director,
SCHOOL OF NURSING
DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY
Halifax, Nova Scotia
FEBRUARY 191
UNITED STATES
iTAFF NURSES - Here is the opportunity to further
ievelop your professional skills and knowledge in
.ur I,OOO-bed medical center. We have liberal perso.nnel
>elicies with premiums for evening and night tours.
)ur nurses' residence, locoted in the midst of 33
ultural and educational institutions, offers low-cost
10using adjacent to the Hospitals. Write for our booklet
>n nursing opportunities. Feel free to tell UI whot type
)osition you are seeking. Write: Director of Nursing,
loom 600, University Hospitals of Cleveland, University
:ircle, Cleveland, Ohio 44-06 15-36-1 G
:egiltered Nur.. (Scenic Oregon vocation ploy-
,round, skiing, swimming, boating & cultural
.vents) for 295.bed teaching unit on campus of
Iniversity of Oregon medical school. Salary starts
.t $575. Pay differential for nights and evenings.
Liberal policy for advancement, vocations, sick
leave, holidays. Apply: Multnomah Hospital, Port.
land, Oregon. 97201. 1:1-38-1
Staff Nurs..: live with your family in on atTractive
2 bedroom furnished home for $55 per month,
including utilities, and work in a suburban Cleve-
land hospital. Starling salary range $420 - $445
with 6 and 12 month increments. Excellent transpor-
tation to hospital door. Outstanding schools and
cultural opportunities. Apply: Director of Nursing
Service, Sunny Acres Hospital, 4310 Richmond Road,
Cleveland, Ohio 44t22. 15-36-IE
GRADUATE NURSES - Wouldn't you like to work
at a modern 532.bed acute General Teaching Hos-
pital where you would have: (0) unlimited oppor-
tunities for professional growth and advancement,
(b) tuition paid for advanced study, (c) starting
salary of $429 per month (to those with pending
registration as well), d) progressive personnel poli-
ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
MONTREAL, QUEBEC
POSTGRADUATE COURSES
1.
(a) . Six month clinical course in Obstetrical Nursing.
Classes - September and March.
(b)
Two month clinical course in Gynecological Nursing.
Classes following the six month course in Obstetrical
Nursing.
Eight week course in Care of the Premature Infant.
(c)
2. Six month course in Operating Room Technique.
Classes - September and March.
3.
Six month course in Theory and Practice in Psychiatric
Nursing.
Classes - September and March.
For information and details of the courses, apply to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL
Montreal, P.Q.
BRUARY 1%7
des, (e) a choice of areas? For further information,
write or call colle-ct: Miss Louise Harrison, Dire-ctor
of Nursing Service, Mount Sinai Hospitat University
Circle, Cleveland, Ohio 44106. Phone SWeetbriar
5-6000. 15-36.ID
STAFF NURSES: University of Washington. 320-bed
modern, expanding Teaching and Research Hospital
located on campus offers you an opportunity to
join the staff in one of the following specialties,
Clinical Research, Premature Center Open Heart
Surgery, Physical Medicine, Orthopedicts, Neurosur-
gery, Adult and Child Psychiatry in addition to
the General Services. Salary: $501 to $576. Unique
benefit program includes free University courses after
six months. For information on opportunities, write
to: Mrs. Ruth Fine. Director of Nursing Services,
University Hospital, 1959 N.E. Pacific Avenue,
Seattle, Washington 98105. 15-48-2D
UNIVERSITY OF
BRITISH COLUMBIA
School of Nursing
DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC
NURSING
DEGREE COURSE FOR
GRADUATE NURSES
Both of these courses lead to the
II.S.N. degree. Graduates are pre-
pared for public health as well as
hospital nursing positions.
DIPLOMA COURSES FOR
GRADUATE NURSES
I. Public Health Nursing.
2. Administration of Hospital
Nursing Units.
3. Psychiatric Nursing.
For information write to:
The Director
SCHOOL OF NURSING
UNIVERSITY OF B.C.
Vancouver 8, B.C.
OPERATING ROOM NURSE
FOR
DEEP RIVER HOSPITAL
Must hove successfully completed 0 post-
graduafe course in operating room tech-
niques or have had two or three yeors
experience. Fringe benefifs include super.
onnuation, holidays, group insurance, hOl-
pito! ond medical plans.
State all particulars in first letter to:
FILE 11 E
ATOMIC ENERGY 0 CANADA
LIMITED
Chalk River, Ontario.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 79
MY VERY OWN
STETHOSCOPE?
.
'-
- but of course!
ASSISTOSCOPE* was
designed with the
nurse in mind.
ASSISTOSCOPE* gives
you the acoustical
perfection of the
most expensive
stethoscopes.
ASSISTOSCOPE::: is available with black or
hospital-white tubing and ear pieces with the slim-fit
sonic head which slips easily under blood pressure cuffs
or clothing.
tCheck with your Director
of Nurlinl or P.A. today
on how you can buy
ASSISTOSCOPE at
speciallroup prices.
Order fromt
v../
N
U
I
M MONTREAL 21 QUE.EC
.TRADE MARK
VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPITAL
HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA
Invites applications from Registered Nurses
for all services including operating room,
recovery room, intensive care and emergency
in completely new wing.
Salary range for General Staff positions
$360.00 - $420.00 per month
and other liberal benefits.
Direct enquiries to:
Director of Nursing,
VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPITAL
3383
Halifax, Nova Scotia
80 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Index
to
advertisers
February 1967
Abbott Laboratories Ltd.
Ames Company of Canada Ltd.
Bland Uniforms Limited .
Boehringer Ingelheim Products ..
British Drug Houses (Canada) Ltd.
The Clinic Shoemakers ..
Canadian University Service Overseas
Depårtment of National Defense, Ottawa ...
Four Seasons Travel ..
Charles E. Frosst & Co.
W. J. Gage Co. Ltd. ......
Lakeside Laboratories (Canada) Ltd.
Lewis-Howe Company (Turns)
J. B. Lippincott Co. of Canada Ltd.
Mead Johnson of Canada Ltd.
C. V. Mosby Co.
J. T. Posey Company
Reeves Company ....
W. B. Saunders Company
Sterilon of Canada
Uniforms Registered
United Surgical Corporation
White Sister Uniforms Inc.
Winthrop Laboratories ....
Advertising
Manager
Ruth H. Baumel,
The Canadian Nurse
50 The Driveway,
Ottawa 4, Ontario
Advertising Representatives
Richard P. Wilson,
219 East Lancaster Avenue,
Ardmore, Penna. 19003
Vanco Publications,
170 The Donway West,
Suite 408, Don Mills, Ont.
Member of Canadian
Circulation Audit Board Inc.
14, 15
17
9
20
52
2
26
22
19
16
21
5
57
24
54
11
6
12
1
53
Cover III
55
Cover II
Cover IV
mE
FEBRUARY 1967
March 1967
U
IVE
SITY OF OTTAWA.
SChOOL OF NURSING
OT':'lÎi\A. aNT.
12-67-Q-L-I04-D
The
Canadian
Nurse
.
.:.\..
....
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..:
,
G .-
. v
'\
o'V
health care in the north
drug addiction
standardization of hospital
equipment
total care - for animals
Three outstanding professional fashions from WH ITE SISTER
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. . . in pediatric
nursing
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The revised and updated new edition of this widely-
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the mechanism of chemical reaction is explained and the
distribution of electrons in the shells and subshells of the
outer structures of atoms is discussed in detail.
By JOSEPH H. ROE, Ph.D. Publication date: March, 1967. 10th edition,
approx. 412 pages. 6 3 .4" x 9 3 .4", 55 illustrations, 3 in color. About
$7.50.
A New Book!
PEDIATRIC NURSING
Effectively integrating psychological aspects of child care
with a clear, comprehensive description of pediatric nurs-
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testing, common psychometric tests, nonnal nutrition and
mental retardation. Specialized areas of clinical pediatrics
and infonnation on growth and development are discussed
in great depth. The latest thinking is presented on: care
of the child with congenital heart disease; common inborn
errors of metabolism; prenatal influences on the baby in
utero.
By HELEN C. LATHAM, R.N., B.S., M.L., M.S.; and ROBERT V.
HECKEL, B.S.. M.S.. Ph.D. With the collaboration of ROBERT P.
THOMAS. M.D.. and MARGARET MOORE, B.S., R.N. Publication date:
May. 1967. Approx. 640 P a g es, 7" x 10" 139 illustrations About
$8.10. ,.
New 5th Edition!
A LABORATORY GUIDE IN CHEMISTRY
The new edition of this completely up-to-date manual pre-
sents 65 exercises on inorganic, organic and physiological
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tion and thin-layer chromotography. Though designed for
use with the new 10th edition of Roe, PRINCIPLES OF
CHEMISTRY, it easily adapts to use with any required text.
By JOSEPH H. ROE. Ph.D. Publication date: March, 1967. 5th edition,
approx. 240 pages, 5%" x 8%". 12 illustrations, 2 color plates.
figures A to L. About $4.05.
New 4th Edition!
CARE OF THE PATIENT IN SURGERY
Including Techniques
Presenting the newest concepts and approaches in care of
the patient in the operating room, the thoroughly revised,
superbly illustrated new edition of this popular text em-
phasizes fundamental principles in providing authoritative
guidance in all aspects of the nurse's duties in surgery. Two
entirely new chapters, "Surgery on the Ear" and "Ophthal-
mic Surgery," have been added. Basic requirements of an
operating room nursing service are definitively explained,
including a new approach to surgical suite design. The
most recent advances in chest, heart and gynecologic sur-
gery are discussed in detail
By EDYTHE LOUISE ALEXANDER, B.S., M.A., R.N.: WANDA BURLEY,
B.S., M.A., R.N.; DOROTHY ELLISON, B.S., M.A., R.N.; and ROSALIND
VALLERI, B.S., M.A., R.N. Publication date: March, 1967. 4th edition,
approx. 810 pages, 7" x 10", 555 illustrations, 5 in color. About $15.70.
THE C. V. MOSBY COMPANY, L TO.
86 Northline Road. Toronto 16, Ontario
lARCH 1967
Publishers
THE CANADIAN NURSE
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2 THE CANADIAN NURSE
MARCH 196;
The
Canadian
Nurse
A monthly journal for the nurses of Canada published
in English and French editions by the Canadian Nurses' Association
Volume 63, Number 3
26 Katherine E. MacLaggan - A Tribute
29 Medical Care of Eskimo Children
32 Nursing in the North
34 Outpost Nursing
36 Drug Dependency Research -
Expensive Luxury or Necessary Commodity?
39 Use of Narcotics in Addict Therapy
42 Care of Patients Addicted to Non-narcotic Drugs
45 Deserter of People?
47 Standardization
49 Hospital and Health Care - What Price?
March 1967
N. Steinmetz
Ruth E. May
Ingeborg Paulus
Robert Halliday
Mary L. Epp
Jean Wilkinson
George T. Maloney
S. J. Maubach
The views expressed in the various articles are the views of the authors and do not
necessarily represent the policies or views of the Canadian Nurses' Association
4 Letters 23 Dates
7 News 51 Research Abstracts
18 Names 53 Books
21 In a Capsule 58 Films
22 New Products 88 Official Directory
Cover photo courtesy l'Iiational Health and Welfare, Ottawa.
Executive Director: Heten K. Mussallem .
Editor: Vlrgtnla A. Llndabury . Assistant
Editor: Gtennls N. ZUm . Editorial Assistant:
Carla D. Penn . Circulation Manager: pter.
reUe HOUe . Ad\erlising Manager: Ruth H.
Bdumet . Subscrtptton Rates: Canada: One
Year. $4.50; two years, S8.00. Foreign: One
Year, $5.00; two years, S9.00. Single copies:
50 cents each. Make cheques or money orders
pa}able to The Canadian Nurse . Change of
Address: Fûur weeks'. notice and the old
address as well as the new are necessary. Not
responsible for journals lost in mail due to
errors in address.
Ci:) Canadian Nurses' Association. t966
o\RCH 1967
Manuscrtpt Informatton: "The Canadian
Nurse" welcomes unsolicited arlicles. All
manuscripts shoutd be typed. double-spaced.
on one side of unruled paper leaving wide
margins. Manuscripts are accepted for review
for exclusive publication. The editor reserves
the right to make the usual editoriat changes.
Photographs (glossy prints) and graphs and
gr;cl
O
:
w
iN
i
r
ict
s
'J!
Pe"Æ
:
is not committed to publish all articles sent,
nor to indicate deli",te dates of publication.
Authorized as Second-Class Mail by the Post
Office Deparlment. Ottawa, and for _ payment
of postage in cash. Postpaid at Montreal.
Return Postage Guaranteed. 50 The Driveway,
Ottawa 4. Ontario.
We mourn the death of our
President, Katherine E. MacLaggan.
The poignancy of our grief is
intensified by knowing that one of the
country's greatest leaders in nursing
has been taken from us prematurely.
Our consolation lies in the legacy
of inspiration and example that she
bequeathed to us.
Our greatest tribute to the late
president will be found not in words,
but in action - action that
continues her work and builds on
and elaborates her beliefs.
Dr. MacLaggan's objective was
to make the Canadian Nurses'
Association the strongest force for
nursing leadership in the country.
She was convinced that CNA haa to
speak out on issues affecting nurses
and nursing, and had to be the
body that generates action. She also
was convinced that the Association
had underestimated its own power
for exerting influence. "We are
80,000 members banded together,"
she often said, "and we have never
tapped our resources."
"Think big" was a frequent
admonishment from Dr. MacLaggan
when there was temptation to place
expediency first. She believed that if
Association objectives were to be
achieved, we could no longer "think
small" in terms of money, resources,
or other decisions that would affect
future generations of nurses.
Dr. MacLaggan always "thought
big." Those who continue her work
can do no less. - Editor.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 3
letters
{
Letters to the editor are welcome.
Only signed letters will be considered for publication
Name will be withheld at the writer's request.
Revised income tax act
Dear Editor:
I was delighted to read "Wanted - a
Revised Income Tax Act" (Editorial, Jan-
uary, 1967). Hoorah for you. We have
been quiet far too long.
Many of us mothers wonder whether it
is worthwhile to continue to put our skills
and knowledge to work. You have revived
the spark in us. Guide us in speaking "loud-
ly enough and in unison."
I would like to congratulate the staff
on the excellent issues that have been
published. - (Mrs.) J. Fedak, B.Sc.N..
Toronto, Ontario.
Dear Editor:
We have sent a copy of your editorial
(January, 1967) with a covering letter to
our local M.P. and a petition with 64 names.
Maybe our action will spur on other nursing
groups to do the same. - (Mrs.) O. Raws-
thorne, inservice education instructor, Vic-
toria General Hospital, Winnipeg, Man.
Not censored
Dear Editor:
An R.N. South Africa stated in "Letters"
(November 1966) that pages 17 and 18
had been removed from her June 1966
issue. She stated .....themail is censored
here and I would like to know what was on
the page that made them tear it off."
I checked the particular issue in the
library of the South African Nursing As-
sociation and find that page 17 carries an
advertisement by the Canadian Tampax
Corporation offering free color charts of
the standing female pelvic and reproductive
organs. Page 18 carried the excellent "New
Products'. section.
It seems that somebody was interested
in the products advertised, for it is a fal-
lacy that mail is censored in this country. -
Dr. Charlotte Searle, director, Division of
Professional Development, The South Afri-
can Nursing Association.
Extra copiesl
Dear Editor:
We are in need of copies of the January,
February, and March 1966 issues of THE
CANADIAN NURSE for our library and school
of nursing. If any readers have copies of
these issues available we would appreciate
receiving them. - R.N., Ontario.
A \lailable copies can be sent to The
Canadian Nurse, 50 The Dri\leway, Otta-
wa 4, Ontario. - Editor.
4 THE CANADIAN NURSE
University education
Dear Editor:
I wish to congratulate you and your co-
workers for the last issue of L'lnfirmière
Canadienne, which featured articles on uni-
versity nursing education.
We were very pleased with its presenta-
tion and I am personally very proud to see
it circulated throughout Canada and
abroad. - Sister Jacqueline Bouchard,
Director, School of Nursing, Université de
Moncton.
Dear Editor:
I read with great interest the December
issue, particularly the articles by Glenna
Rowsell and Margaret Steed. - Vera Osto-
povitch, nursing service advisor, Saskat-
chewan Registered Nurses' Association.
Dear Editor:
I enjoyed Glenna Rowsell's article in the
December issue. I want to congratulate
her on a fine job. - Myrtle Pearl Stiver,
former executive director of the Canadian
Nurses' Association.
Dear Editor:
I am very pleased to have an extra
copy of THE CANADIAN NURSE for Decem-
ber, which contains the feature on "Uni-
versity School of Nursing in Canada."
I think the article is very nicely done
and of service not only to prospective
students but to those of us in the schools
who meet so infrequently.
Please convey our appreciation to your
staff members with whom we had a pleasant
visit here in Montreal last summer.
Elizabeth Logan, Director, School for
Graduate Nurses, McGill University.
Dear Editor:
Thank you for the complimentary copy
of THE CANADIAN NURSE. I think the article
is very well done and you will be pleased
to know that as a result we have had ap-
plications to our school from other pro-
vinces. - Joyce Nevitt, Director, School
of Nursing, Memorial University of New-
foundland.
Dear Editor:
Thank you for your extra issue of THE
CANADIAN NURSE with the article on the
universities. It was a very kind gesture
and I do wish to compliment you on this
article. It will be most helpful, I am sure.
- Sr. Françoise Robert, s.g.c., director,
University of Ottawa School of Nursinll.
Ottawa.
From the four corners
Dear Editor:
I read with interest "Nurses on tho
Move," a letter to the editor by Mis
Rosemarie Gascoyne (October 1966)
Could we have permission to reprint it il
our Philippine Journal of Nursing? It wi!
be interesting reading for our nurses her
in the Philippines.
A suggestion that caught my attentio
is the possibility that the Internation
Nurses Association could "produce a syster
where a nurse would be acceptable an.
able to work in any country." I hope th
ICN will be able to evolve a commo
basic curriculum for approval of the bod
at the coming ICN conference in Canad.
I see a new look in The Canadia
Nurse. The cover page is pleasing to be
hold! Of all the magazines we have in Ol
library, your journal is the most referee, I
to by students and graduate nurses. - J05 I
E. Sumagaysay, executive secretary, Phi
lippine Nurses Association. I
Dear Editor:
Thank you for an excellent nursing ma
azine which has become the best in an
country. For years I have been passing m
copies on to students and graduates alikf
and they all comment that THE CAN ADlAI
NURSF has the best articles printed.
"Letters" (January, 1967) was most ir
teresting to me, an obstetrical supervisol
but I believe the finest article was in th
November, 1966 issue. I have read Mh
Pepper's article over and over again. I w
reading between the lines as I knew all c
the girls in the army pictures and spent som
time in Italy with No. 14 e.G. Hospiu
during the war. Keep up the good work. -
Marjorie (Lodge) Collister, Riverdale, I
linois.
Dear Editor:
I very much enjoy my monthly copy 0
THE CANADIAN NURSE. It is so informativ
and up-to-date! When one is away fror
home, in another country, news of one'
fellow nurses is wonderful for the morale
- Ruth A. Jort, Des Moines, Iowa.
Dear Editor:
I enclose a draft for my subscription t
THE CANADIAN NURSE for two further year.
In my opinion this is the best of th
nursing journals - all articles on a specifi
subject are contained in the same issu
rather than in several. This saves the bothe
of collecting them all together. - W.P
S.R.N., Cumberland, England.
MARCH 196'
llin spite of today's apparent explosion
in their awareness of sex,
young people are not well informed."
A recent study indicated that even
among college girls enrolled in health
education classes knowledge of menstru-
al facts was neither thorough nor accu-
rate. One reason, perhaps, for the lack
of accuracy was the fact that only 8% of
these girls obtained their information
about menstruation from doctors, nurses
or teachers.
Thi
small percentage probably
learned about menstruation because
they asked. Many young girls, however, never ask for
information-because they feel menstruation is not a
subject for discussion outside their homes. (And
sometimes very little information is available within
their homes.) Even the doctor is not likely to be con-
sulted unless the girl is concerned about a possible
abnormality.
One solution to this problem is to make information
on menstruation available to all young girls-whether
"
TAM PAX
SANITARY PROTECTION WORN INTERNALLY
MADE ONLY BY CANADIAN T.
MPAX CORPORATlON'LTD.,
BARRIE, ONT.
ARCH 1967
or not they specifically ask for it. Thus,
girls in health and physical education
classes, girls visiting school nurses, girls
at summer camp, girls consulting their
doctors-all should be provided with in-
formation on the normal changes that
are a part of growing up.
To assist you in explaining menstru-
ation to these girls we offer you (without
charge) laminated plastic charts drawn
by Dr. R. L. Dickinson, showing schemat-
ic illustrations of the organs of the female reproduc-
tive system. For the young girl we provide two free
booklets answering her questions about menstruation.
Send for them today. Professional samples of Tampax
menstrual tampons will also be included.
.
.
---
-
..'
1 Israel. S Leon: Obst. & Gynec. 26:920. 1965. 2 Larsen.
Virginia L. J. Am. M. Women's A. 20.557, 1965.
Canadian Tampax Cor,poration Limited,
P.O. Box 627, Barrie, Ont.
Please send free a set of Dickinson charts, copies of the two booklets,
a postcard for easy reordering and samples of Tampax tampons.
Name
Address
CN-I
THE CANADIAN NURSE 5
metronidazole
trichomonacide
oral tablets of 250 mg
vaginal tablets of 500 mg
Full information is available on request.
-Ru I e n c ""OH"
6 THE CANADIAN NURSE
MARCH 1967
news
Committee on Nursing Education
Begins Biennium
Canada's 188 nursing schools - diploma
and basic baccalaureate programs - gradu-
ated a total of 7,360 nurses in 1965. This
was an increase of on1y 99 over the previous
year. This small increase is not sufficient to
maintain present demands for nurses and
could result in an increasing shortage of
nurses with the coming of Medicare.
These figures were presented by Mrs. Lois
Graham-Cumming. Research Department.
Canadian Nurses' Association, to the Stand-
ing Committee on Nursing Education at its
first meeting of the 1966-68 biennium in
mid-February.
They represent on1y one of the problems
under consideration by the committee.
Chainnan Kathleen Arpin reminded the
committee, comprised of the elected repre-
sentatives on nursing education from the
10 provincial associations, that as a national
organization the CNA must undertake to
provide realistic policies and definitive state-
ments on nursing and nursing education.
The committee's job is to investigate thor-
oughly and recommend appropriate policies
to the Board for consideration and action.
The committee is expected to examine
certain specific areas of nursing education.
Recommendations regarding a definitive
statement on nursing, admission criteria in
schools of nursing, and the need for and
utilization of resources and facilities essential
for the practice and learning of nursing will
likely be made to the Board during the next
biennium.
Nation-wide Exams for
Canadian Nurses?
The first meeting of the Canadian Nurses'
Association's ad hoc committee on National
Examinations was held in Ottawa on January
23-25, 1967. The committee had been asked
to explore and assemble all data pertinent
to the development of a Canadian system
of registration examinations (machine-scor-
ed), and to make recommendations to the
CNA Board of Directors as to possible CNA
involvement.
The need for immediate action on Cana-
dian nursing examinations has arisen because
the American Nurses' Association recom-
mended at their meeting in June, 1966, that
the National League for Nursing discontinue
the use of examinations in jurisdictions out-
side the United States. The National League
for Nursing has notified those provinces
that are now using the examinations that
they will not be available as of 1969.
MARCH 1967
CNA Auxiliary Meet
.
1;::'\
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-
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,
, .
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\
Two members of the Canadian Nurses' Association National Office Auxiliary,
Miss E. Cale, President (right) and Mrs. G.p. Williams (left) examine a recent
issue of The Canadian Nurse with Editor Virginia Lindabury. The Auxiliary,
which was organized in 1955 to entertain international visitors and to help
with the cataloguing and indexing of periodicals in the CNA library, held
its annual meeting early in February at National Office.
At the three-day meeting, the committee
investigated measures for developing a Cana-
dian system of examinations, and considered
interim measures for the provinces until such
a service could be established.
Mrs. Mary Shields, fonnerly of the Test
Construction Unit of the National League
for Nursing, was guest speaker at the meet-
ing. She spoke on the procedures and prob-
lems in the development of licensure exam-
inations.
The committee has prepared recommenda-
tions for submission to the Board of Di-
rectors meeting in March.
Official Opening - CNA House
Her Excellency, Madame Georges P.
Vanier, wife of Canada's Governor-General,
will officially open the new home of the
Canadian Nurses' Association on Wednes-
day, March 15, 1967.
The opening of CNA House will precede
the meeting of the CNA Board of Directors
on March 16 and 17 so that full repre-
sentation of all association members will be
assured.
On this occasion the Board, on behalf of
all CNA members, will be host to state
officials and representatives of national asso-
ciations and agencies who will be invited to
attend the ceremonies.
The first sod for the $800,000 building
was turned on April I, 1965. The office
building provides 20,000 square feet of office
space. Architect J.W. Strutt designed the
building.
Nurses Speak at Hospital
Administrators' Meeting
Four nurses formed the faculty for a
day at the Second Educational Assembly
on Hospital Administration held by the
American College of Hospital Administra-
tors, District 8, in Winnipeg early in Jan-
uary.
Miss Margaret Steed, Consultant, Nurs-
ing Education for the Canadian Nurses'
Association; Miss Jean Anderson, Director
of Nursing Service at Victoria Public Hos-
pital, Fredericton; Sister Thérèse Caston-
guay, Superintendent of Nursing Educa-
ûon for Saskatchewan; and Mrs. K. Mc-
Laughlin, Research Analyst in Nursing at
the Victoria General Hospital, Winnipeg,
THE CANADIAN NURSE 7
news
examined the question "Who will give nurs-
ing care?" on the first day of the sessions.
"Nursing care should be given by a
nurse, qualified and registered for the prac-
tice of nursing. Until nursing care is ad-
ministered by nurses we cannot hope to
solve our nursing service problems quali-
tatively," Miss Steed told the audience.
She defined the CNA's recommendations
regarding the two categories of nurses, their
preparation and utilization as a means for
improving patient care. "The care func-
tions are the ones now most often dele-
gated to nursing assistants and nursing
aides." She noted that nursing service will
need to be complimented by auxiliary per-
sonnel, but told the hospital administra-
tors that a need for interpretation and cla-
rification of the roles, functions, and res-
ponsibilities of all those employed to per-
form nursing services was essential.
About 140 hospital administrators from
across Canada attended the five-day meet-
ing. The seminar sessions on "problem
areas," at which the nurses spoke, was
limited to 50 delegates to ensure effective
participation in the discussion.
Institutes on New Educational
Program in Saskatchewan
.'\ series of six workshops on nursing
education are being sponsored by the Saska-
tchewan Department of Education, Nursing
Education Division. The workshops are for
teaching personnel in nursing schools and
other persons interested in the proposed
changes in nursing education in the province.
Three workshops are scheduled for Regina
and three for Saskatoon. They were organiz-
ed to help prepare nurse educators for
changes that have revolutionized the pattern
of nursing education within the province
since the responsibility for nursing educa-
tion was transferred from the Department
of Public Health to the Department of
Education in April, 1966.
The changes include the est<lblishment of
two regional schools and the closure of all
existing hospital nursing programs. The first
of the two regional schools is expected to
open its doors to some 250 students this
fall in Saskatoon. Hospital schools in Prince
Albert, Humboldt, Yorkton, and Saskatoon
will no longer admit students. No date has
been set for the opening of the regional
school for the southern region of the pro-
vince, and hospitals there will continue to
operate existing programs.
Miss D. Rowles, supervisor of the nursing
program at Ryerson Poly technical Institute
in Toronto, was guest speaker at the fÌlst
institute on January 17 in Saskatoon. She
spoke on nursing programs within education-
al institutions. Dr. H.K. Mussallem, exe-
cutive director of the Canadian Nurses'
8 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Auxiliary Donates Bus Shelter
'\
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I
'I
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..
.
The Riverview Hospital Auxiliary in
Windsor recently made a unique and
practical contribution to patients and
their visitors. At a cost of $1,650 the
Auxiliary had a bus shelter built directly
across from the hospital.
According to Phyllis Purcell, public
relations chairman of the Riverview
Auxiliary, the need for a bus shelter to
pratect hospital visitors from the cold
winds that blow across the Detroit River
has been recognized for some time. Last
.0 ...
'.
.
..'
.... ..
" " '
I r
''f
d
I,
" .
--
---
year, the hospit<ll board asked the Auxil-
iary to assume the cost of this project.
The Auxiliary hoped to have a metal
shelter built, but the cost was prohibitive.
Realizing that the shelter did not have
to be glamorous to serve its purpose, the
Auxiliary settled for a wooden building.
The design was approved by the city and
the shelter erected.
Now, both visitors and st<lff at River-
view can await the bus in comfort
thanks to an enterprising Auxiliary.
Association, addressed the second meeting
on February 24 in Regina. She stressed the
need for nurses to welcome change in our
nursing education practices, and pointed out
that change was long overdue.
Other workshops will be held in Regina
on April 17-18, when Mrs. M. Levine of
Chicago will speak on the selection of learn-
ing experiences, and in May, when Dr. R.N.
Anderson will discuss the evaluation of stu-
dent performance. In Saskatoon, Miss H.
Keeler, director of the nursing program
at the University of Saskatchewan, will
speak March 22 on the reasons for shorten-
ing nursing programs. In June, a workshop
on teaching by principles will be directed
by Mrs. R. M. Coombs of Hamilton, On-
tario.
Sister Thérèse Castonguay, superintendent
for the nursing education division of the
department of education, anticipates that the
workshops will aid existing faculty to pre-
pare for the coming programs.
Brockville Nurses Certified
As Bargaining Unit
After alìnost a year's wait, the Nurses'
Association at Brockville General Hospital
has been certified as a bargaining unit by
the Ontario Labour Relations Board. The
collective bargaining phase now can begin.
The Nurses' Association proposed that the
bargaining unit consist of all registered and
graduate nurses, both full-time and part-
time, who are employed by the Brockville
General Hospital. The hospital proposed a
unit of "all graduate nursing staff regularly
employed in the nursing units, nursery,
emergency department, operating room, cen-
tral service and delivery room, save and
except assistant head nurses and persons
above that rank and daily basis relief nurses'"
The unit as finally certified by the On-
t<lrio Labour Relations Board includes all
registered and graduate nurses at B.G.H.
who are engaged in nursing care and in
teaching, except head nurses and persons
above the rank of head nurse, and those
regularly employed for not more than 24
hours a week.
The Labour Relations Board further stated
that aU registered and graduate nurses at
B.G.H. who are engaged in nursing care
and regularly employed for not more than
24 hours per week "constitute a unit of the
employees of the respondent appropriate for
collective bargaining."
The Brockville group is the third Nurses'
Association in Ontario to be certified as
a bargaining unit. Nurses at Riverview Hos-
pital, Windsor, and at St. Joseph's General
Hospital, Peterborough, were certified in
1966.
(Continued on page 10)
MARCH 1967
THE CLEAN WAY TO RINSE PATIENT UTENSILS
AMSCQ-GRAY diverter valve
Simple, clean, modern and effective. That describes AMSCO's popular
Gray Diverter Valve. This chromed hoseless bedpan-emesis basin rinser is
easily installed as part of the water closet. Both hands are free to hold
the bedpan. The water closet flushes normally with the added feature of
being equipped to spray-rinse patient utensils as soon as they become
soiled. This immediate rinsing of each patient's utensil in the
patient's room minimizes the possibility of cross contamination.
In existing or new construction, installation takes only minutes
and is accepted under the most rigid plumbing codes.
There is no cleaner and safer way to rinse patient utensils.
Write for brochure SC-367R
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a show of hands...
news
NEW FORMULA ALCOJEL, with
added lubricant and emollient, will
not dry out the patient's skin -
or yours!
r
(Continued from page 8)
P.E.I. Discusses Collective
Bargaining
A three-phase plan of action for better
salaries and working conditions for Prince
Edward Island's nurses was proposed by a
Conference on Socio-economic Welfare in
Charlottetown in mid-January.
Representatives from all but two of the
Island's hospitals met for a three-day session
on collective bargaining for professionnal
personnel. Miss Glenna Rowsell, nursing
consultant, Canadian Nurses' Association, I
chaired the conference, which was attended
by about 30 persons each day.
The provincial association is presently
unable to bargain under the Labour Rela-
tions Act in the province, and the nurses
wished to ascertain the prospects for im-
proving their economic position through
collective bargaining. PEl's nurses are among
the lowest paid in Canada.
The conference drew up a plan of action
for the coming year. The first step is to
inform the members about labor legislation
and to discover the kind of legislation want-
ed. The association may then suggest the
appropriate legislation and undertake to
convince the provincial legislature of the
practicability of the nurses' stand.
"This three-phase attack - involvement
of the members and promotion of educa-
tion on industrial relations legislation, fol-
lowed by an Association stand on the type
of legislation suited to the needs of its
nurses, followed by a concerted effort to'
convince the legislature - is a most in-
telligent and workable plan," reports Miss
Rowsell. "It could eventually lead to more
satisfied nurses - and better patient care."
....
1
nroves its sITloothness
ALCOJEL is the economical, modern,
jelly form of rubbing alcohol. When
applied to the skin, its slow flow
ensures that it will not run off, drip
or evaporate. You have ample time
to control and spread it.
ALCOJEL cools by evaporation. .
cleans, disinfects and firms the skin.
:.'
Your patients will enjoy the
invigorating effect of a body rub with
Alcojel .. the topical tonic.
Jellied
RUBBING
ALCOHOL
Gifts to Archives
The Mary Agnes Snively Archives Col-
lection at CNA House continues to grow.
Three neW gifts to the collection have
recently been received.
A collection of books, including a set of
Keating's Cyclopedia of the Diseases of
Children, 1890, was received from the
Miramichi Hospital, Newcastle, N.B. A
print depicting a hospital scene in Middle-
sex, England, in 1808 was donated by Lucy
R. Seymer, author of various histories of
nursing.
The most recent addition was a memo-
rial plate presented by the Medicine Hat
Chapter of the Alberta Association of Re-
gistered Nurses.
CNA Librarian Margaret Parkin ex-
pressed interest in further additions, espe-
cially to the collection of early nursing
caps. "We are anxious to receive the large
and unusual ones worn in the 1800's,"
she said. "We would like to receive any
distinctive Canadian ones for a special
Centennial year display."
ALCOJEL
r . coolin
efreshH,g... 9..
Send for a free sample
through your hospital pharmacist.
WITH
ADDED
LUBRICANT aøI
EPt10LUENT
BRITISH DIU8 HOUSES
'DII1II1TD r,A1IJIIo
ALCOJEL
THE BRITISH DRUG HOUSES (CANADA) LTD.
Barclay Ave.. Toronto 18. Ontario
10 THE CANADIAN NURSE
MARCH 1967
news
Quebec Nurses
Granted Certification
The United Nurses of Montreal, which has
organized within District No. 11 of the Asso-
ciation of Nurses of the Province of Que-
bec. reçently announced that the Quebec
labour Relations Board has granted certi-
fication to 10 groups of nurses in hospitals
and health agencies. It is expected that the
remaining 18 hospitals and agencies will
receive certification as soon as the petitions
are presented to the Labour Relations Board.
The union includes nurses in both mana-
gement and non-management positions.
All nurses in the district, both French
and English, are invited to become members
of the association. The United Nurses of
Montreal now has an office located at 3506
University Street. Room 14, Montreal.
DDS to Survey Nurses' Salaries
The Dominion Bureau of Statistics will
conduct a survey of salaries of graduate
nurses employed in the public general and
allied special hospitals of Canada.
The survey, to be carried out this spring,
is being undertaken with the active sup-
port of the Canadian NUises' Association
and the Canadian Hospital Association, and
with consultation from the Department of
Manpower and Immigration.
It is expected that survey results will
be available in the summer in a published
report by the Bureau. Salary data will be
presented according to the graduate nurses'
employment category (directors, supervi-
sors, head nurses, teachers, general duty),
their lay or religious status, and whether
they are currently registered or not. The
survey questionnaire will be designed so
that hospitals will be able to provide the
data from payroll or personnel records with
a minimum of effort.
The Canadian Nurses' Association, with
the support of the Canadian Hospital As-
sociation, requested the survey. Salaries
of many professional types are available
in Canada but nurses, of whom so many
are employed in hospitals, do not have any
valid salary information that can be com-
pared from region to region in Canada.
The Dominion Bureau of Statistics has
agreed, therefore, to approach hospitals in
Canada and obtain from them the salary
information from payroll data as of Feb-
ruary 28, 1967, for all full-time personnel
employed in the nursing categories out-
lined.
All graduate nurses who are employed
on a full-time basis are to be included in
this survey. If a nurse is employed in a
dual position, her entry in the position in
which she spends the major portion of her
time will be recorded.
MARCH 1967
Space Suits For Nurses
NUl"'ies worklOg in the operating rooms
of the new 300-bed Riverside Hospital of
Ottawa are becoming used to being teased
about their "space suits." It is true, how-
ever, that their two-piece trouser-suits with
the built-in boots do resemble costumes
from a science-fiction TV serial.
The use of the oc<:lusive garb is a part
of a two-year controlled federal-provincial
research program on control of infections
in operating rooms.
Previous studies, such as the one carried
out at the Barnes Hospital, St. Louis, have
shown that the perineum, thighs, and feet
are primary sources of viable bacteria and
that these organisms become airborne in
the course of normal activity. The neck,
arms, and waist openings are apparently not
important as sites for the escape of skin
organisms.
Conventional operating room dress per-
mits the escape of skin bacteria from the
lower extremities, so the staff at River-
side are using a trouser and blouse outfit.
The one-piece trouser-shoe outfit is made
of an all-cotton tightly-woven fabric; a tie
at the ankle provides for length adjustment.
The shoe has the conductive sole. The tunic
is three-quarter length with back fastenings
and is made of regular cotton. A special
over-boot is worn in the theatre as addi-
tional protection.
The trouser-suits are worn only in the
theatre section of the hospitat. No one
other than the operating room staff in their
specially designed outfits and the patients
ready for surgery are admitted to the
operating room areas.
Miss Olive Brissett, a graduate of Wan-
.stad Hospital, London, England, is shown
modeling the outfit for THE CANADIAN NURSE.
/
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"
Nurses Serve Abroad With
External Aid
A reputation for "quality, professionalism
and flexibility" has been earned by Cana-
dian nurses, who represent 60 percent of
those serving abroad under Canada's Ex-
ternal Aid Program.
Whether as a staff nurse in Vietnam, a
pediatric nurse in Tunisia, or a nursing
instructor in Trinidad, the Canadian nurse
is playing an important part in the External
Aid program.
As part of its program the External Aid
Office fills requests from various under-
developed countries for medical personnel.
A file in the International Health Divi-
sion of the Department of National Health
and Welfare contains the personal history
forms of nurses interested in serving abroad.
From this file and through consultations
with the Canadian Nurses' Association and
the university schools of nursing, Dr. B.D.B.
Layton, principal medical officer, is able
to fill the requests for medical person-
nel.
Salaries are arranged to be as attractive
as possible. Above a basic salary, which
is commensurate with World Health Organ-
ization and Pan American Health Program
salaries, Canada's External Aid Program
provides a non-taxable overseas allowance.
To keep the program from defeating its
purpose. a five-year maximum time limit
has been set on overseas service. "In theory
a country is setting out its own health
plan," said Dr. Layton. "We provide tem-
porary help for the country, not careers
for ourselves."
In most cases, the Canadian nurses help
to staff existing hospitals or schools of
nursing. In Tunisia, the Canadian Govern-
ment has undertaken a different type of
THE CANADIAN NURSE 11
Public Support Needed For
Psychiatric Programs
Voluntary organizations in mental hea1th
services are neglected, according to C.A.
Roberts. executive director of the Clarke
Institute of Psychiatry in Toronto.
Dr. Roberts, who presented the first an-
nual C.M. Hincks Memorial Lectures at the
University of Ottawa's Faculty of Medicine
in February, appealed for more public sup-
port in mental health programs. "Where
there is public apathy," he said, "poor health
ervices result."
Dr. Roberts pointed out that voluntary
organizations can be very effective in chang-
news
project in agreement with the Tunisian
government. The Hôpital d'Enfants in Tunis
is being operated by a staff of 49 Canadians
who fill positions as medical advisors,
pediatric nurses, radiologists. and physio-
therapists
The challenges and opportunities that
the External Aid Program offers are varied.
Canadian nurses have become international-
ly known through their readiness to part-
icipate in all aspects of the program.
/
I
!
I
\
\
.\
.'
,
I
2
.Prlces quoted are Suggested Retail Prices
For name of your ne.,e.1 d..ler. write:
NATURALIZER DIVISION, BROWN SHOE
COMPANY OF CANADA. LTD.. PERTH, ONTARIO
12 THE CANADIAN NURSE
ing public attitudes toward mental illness
and in removing the stigma that still sur-
rounds this type of illness.
The Hincks Memorial Lectures, a tribute
to Dr. Clarence M. Hincks, founder and
first director of the Canadian Mental Health
Association, will be presented annually in '
an Ontario university having a medical
school.
Invitations Available For
Expo Attraction
A series of 28 lectures to be presented
by internationally known experts in their
fields will be a feature attraction at Expo
67 this year.
Of special interest to nurses will be lec-
tures by Sir Macfarlane Burnet, Nobel
Laureate (Medicine) from Australia, (June
12th); Dr. William Barry Wood Jr., Direc-
tor of The Johns Hopkins University Depart-
ment of Microbiology, (June 19th); and Mr.
K. Helveg Petersen, Authority of Adult Edu-
cation from Denmark, (June 26th). Other
topics will range from "Development Trends
in Contemporary Literature" to "Orient
Pearls in the World Oyster."
The lectures, sponsored by Noranda Mines
Linùted, will be delivered at the DuPont
of Canada Auditorium located On the site
of the Exhibition - lle Sainte-Helene.
The modern auditorium is completely
equipped for the simultaneous translation
of lectures into either English or French.
The lecture by Academician Mikhail ShOo
lokhov, to be delivered in Russian, will be
simultaneously translated into both English
and French.
Attendance at any of the one-hour lec-
tures is by special invitation only. Appli-
cations for invitations, or requests for in-
formation, should be sent to Mr. D. Hunka,
Organizing Secretary, Science Programme,
Expo 67, Mackay Pier, Montreal, P.Q. Ap-
plications, to be treated on a first-come-
first-serve basis, can be accepted only in
writing.
Canadian Doctors Visit China
At the invitation of the Chinese Medical
Association three Canadian doctors visited
the People's Republic of China for a five-
day observation tour of Canton and Peking
health facilities.
Dr. R. K. C. Thompson, President of
the Canadian Medical Association; Dr.
Walter MacKenzie, Dean, Faculty of Me-
dicine, University of Alberta; and Dr. A.
F. W. Peart, General Secretary, Canadian
Medical Association, visited in mid-Novem-
ber to observe medica1 education, medical
research and medical practice in China.
The Chinese Medical Association had
arranged for the visas for the delegation,
and planned a tour that included visits to
the Bethune Orthopedic Hospital (named
after Dr. Norman Bethune, a Canadian
physician who took part in the revolu-
tionary war and is considered a Chinese
hero), various institutes of the Academy
MARCH 1967
news
)f Medical Science of China, the Peking
\1edical College, the Red Star People's
:ommune, and the Canton Medical School.
Dr. Peart reported that the Canadian
Jelegation was impressed with the friend-
,iness of the Chinese doctors and their
Issociates, and their desire to have further
;ontact with Canadian doctors. "Informa-
:ion was given freely," Dr. Peart said.
'and we were not curtailed in taking pic-
lUres. Although we deliberately avoided
:liscussions about their revolution and the
::ommunist philosophy, which is comple-
tely contrary to our way of life in Ca-
nada, we all felt that further exchanges
between the doctors of our two countries
would be usefuL"
.::;rant Approved for Ontario
tHospital
A federal grant of $115,053 for the
I.O.D.E. Memorial Hospital in Windsor
has been announced by National Health
and Welfare Minister Allan J. MacEachen.
The grant will assist the construction of
an addition to the present hospital build-
ing. The addition, to be known as the
Osmond Wing, will consist of two single
story units. The two units will provide 52
beds for the care of psychiatric patients,
as well as space for community mental
health services and teaching areas.
Completion of construction is expected
this month.
'WHO, UNICEF Try
'New X-ray Units
New. simplified x-ray units specially
designed for use in rural health centers in
less developed countries or as stand-by
equipment in large hospitals are being test-
ed by the World Health Organization.
Cooperating in this venture are the United
Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and
leading manufacturers of x-ray equipment.
Prototypes of different possible machines
have been supplied by UNICEF to WHO
for field trials in the Republic of the Congo
(Brazzaville), Kenya. and Lesotho.
X-ray machines are important tools in
mass campaigns against tuberculosis and in
other diagnostic work. However, the ma-
chines now being manufactured are primarily
designed for use in hospitals and health
centers of technically-developed countries
and have been found too complicated for
operation in rural areas of developing coun-
tries. Because of the lack of trained per-
sonnel to operate the machines or the meager
or non-existent service facilities, units in
many hospitals are out of order most of
the time.
Under the technical guidance of medical
radiographers and physicists, WHO drew up
specifications for a simple, multipurpose ma-
MARCH 1967
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Nurses attending the Conference on Pediatric Nursing at the Hospital for Sick
Children toured the ward areas to see current equipment and procedures.
chine for use in these rural health centers
and urban areas of developing countries. Ir
the design, precautions have been taken
against the possibility of radiation damage
to the population. WHO anticipates requests
from governments for the training of x-ray
technicians and operators as a result of this
trial.
This investigation is of great value to all
countries where the servicing and repair of
x-ray apparatus present a problem.
Outbreaks of Measles and
Scarlet Fever in Quebec
Measles and scarlet fever are currently
approaching epidemic proportions in some
regions of Quebec. The director of health
for Quebec city, Dr. Jacques Roussel, has
declared that the number of cases in his
region is the highest in 10 years. The
provincial minister of health is giving
special attention to case-finding and treat-
ment of these two diseases.
Dr. A.R. Foley, director of the Epide-
miology Service of the Department of
Health, has pointed out that scarlet fever
usually strikes children from 5 to 15 years
of age. Even in a mild form the disease can
cause permanent disability if not treated.
At the early signs of scarlet fever, such
as sore throat and pyrexia, it is advisable
to consult a physician. Antibiotic and pro-
phylactic treatment is recommended for
those children who have had contact with
the disease.
Measles is characterized by cold symp-
toms followed by a rash. In children under
three years, the disease is often complicated
by bronchopneumonia.
Some doctors recommend administration
of anti-measles vaccine, but mass vaccina-
tion programs do not appear to be the ideal
solution at the present time.
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Pediatric Nursing Conference
To inform, to up-date, to assist through
talks, discussions and demonstrations -
these were the objectives of the three-day
Conference on Pediatric Nursing held early
in December at the Graduate Nurses' Resi-
dence of the Hospital for Sick Children,
Toronto.
Sponsored by the Hospital for Sick
Children Department of Nursing, the con-
ference demonstrated techniques and prac-
tices currently being developed and used
to ensure comfort and safety in the care of
young patients. Sixty-two nurses from
throughout Ontario attended the continuing
education session.
Displays were set up by each of the
six participating areas: recreation and
volunteers; emergency; intensive care; new-
born and premature; medicine - isola-
tion, and the committee for control of
infection; and surgery - including physio-
therapy, occupational therapy and dietary
departments.
The conference was designed to improve
the nurses' competence in such areas as
the hospitalized child and his family; im-
portance of play for the hospitalized child;
emergency nursing care of newborns and
prematures; nursing care in a pediatric
emergency department; factors to consider
in creating a safe environment for chil-
dren; nursing in the intensive care unit;
and meeting the needs of the long-term
patient.
Grants for Multiple Sclerosis
Research grants totalling $81,994. were
announced early in January by the Multi.
pIe Sclerosis Society of Canada.
Headed by Dr. John M. Silversides of
Toronto, the Society's Medical Advisory
Board meets annually to consider applica-
THE CANADIAN NURSE 13
news
tions from scientists at Canadian univer-
sities and hospitals. After careful scrutiny,
grants are awarded to those projects con-
sidered most appropriate. The research pro-
gram is coordinated with other areas of
neurological research in Canada, the United
States and Great Britain.
Five Quebec grants, four of them to
McGill University and the other to the
University of Montreal, totaled $39,500.00.
YES!
you can get pediatric
urine specimens easily,
every time
with Hollister's new
U-BAG
Those hard-to-get urine specimens from
infants and very young children are not
hard to get with the Hollister U-Bag. The
U-Bag makes it easy and certain, elimi-
nates backlog of specimen orders, gets
fresh urine in sufficient volume for any lah-
oratory procedure. The U-Bag fits girls as
well as boys and is won' with comfort and
security, with or without a diaper. Check
the list of benefi ts, then let us send you
some U-Bags for your own evaluation.
Write, using hospital or professional
letterhead, for free samples and ordering
informa tion.
The Holll.8ter V-Bas
fit. R.rls and boys
with equal eaie.
f j-IolLIsTER::
Il
HOLLISTER LTD., 160 BAY ST., TORONTO 1, ONT.
14 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Four othel grants were announced to the
Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, the
University of Western Ontario, the Uni-
versity of Saskatchewan, and the Univelsity
of Toronto
To science, multiple sclerosis remains
the greatest unsolved neurological problem
of our time. There is no cure, not even
a definite knowledge of its causes. How-
ever, the disease has struck an estimated
30,000 Canadians, mostly in the 18-45 year
age group. Among the symptoms of MS
are blurred or double vision, tremors, loss
of coordination, staggering or stumbling
gait, speech difficulties, numbness. extreme
"1 ...
.n
&
H
E
.
T
,
Fits boys and girls with equal ease
Quick and simple to apply
Double-chamber design isolates
specimen from child's sensitive skin
"No-flowback" valves prevent urine
from backmg up when bag is tipped
No spilling. . . so body casts anll low
surgical wounds remain dry
Specimen IS protected from fecal
contamination
Urine stays in the bag. . . can
be sent directly to lab without first
being drained mto receptacle
Surgical adhesive holds bag in place
without tape
Bag rests comfortably between child's
thighs. . . gives complete freedom
of movement
Large capacity enables total-volume
collection
Available either sterile or non.sterile
Completely disposable after use
weakness and fatigue, and partial or com-
plete paralysis.
The Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada
was founded 18 years ago and by the end
of 1967 will have allocated $763, I 82.88
for research and fellowship grants in an
effort to determine the cause and possible
treatment for this baffling neurological dis-
order. Additionally, through its 35 regional
Chapters staffed by volunteers, the Society
provides a Patients Services Program 10
patients and their families. Quebec Chap-
ters of the Society are active and the MS
Society forms a part of the Combined
Health Appeal of Greater Montreal. Head
Office of the Society was recently trans-
fered from Montreal to Toronto.
New Vaccination Regulations
A new International Certificate of Vac-
cination booklet has been in use since
January I, 1967 for all vaccinations per-
formed for international travel. The re-
vised form includes changes in the small-
pox and yellow fever certificates as amended
by the Eighteenth World Health Assembly
in May, 1965.
The International Certificate of Vacci-
nation or Revaccination against Smallpox
requires the physician to indicate that a
vaccine that meets the World Health Or-
ganization's requirements was used. The
origin and batch number of the vaccine
must be recorded.
The International Certificate of Vaccina-
tion or Revaccination against Yellow Fever
was amended 10 extend the validity of the
certificate from 6 years to 10 years. Cer-
tificates already in use are automatically
extended to be valid for 10 years.
Hospital Infection Kit Part II
Now Available
Part II of an information kit on con-
trol of hospital infections has been released
by the Ontario Hospital Association.
The material up-dates the work of the
Canadian Council on Hospital Accredita-
tion, includes a comprehensive section on
dietary department involvement, and in-
cludes new information on infection control
in laundry departments. A copy of an in-
fection reporting form currently in use in
a member hospital is attached.
Part I of the material on infections con-
trol was prepared in July 1966 in response
to needs revealed in the book The Control
of Infections in Hospitals, by W. H. Le
Riche, C. E. Balcom, and G. van Belle.
The book reported on a survey of hospitals
in Ontario and revealed problems in the
areas of infection control.
Since that time the Ontario Hospital As-
sociation has undertaken educational ser-
vices, including the publication of these
kits, to acquaint members with the details
of how an infection control program can
be instituted.
MARCH 1967
news
Cobalt Medications Withdrawn
From Market
The U.S. Federal Food and Drug Ad-
ministration in Washington announced in
mid-January the removal from the market
of medications with a cobalt base. These
medications were used in the treatment of
certain types of anemia. Manufacturers
have complied with this decision pending
the results of further studies on the ef-
fectiveness of the products.
In Canada, the same medications were
withdrawn from the market on December
27th following deaths due to cardiac failure
in drinkers of beer that had been made
with cobalt salts.
Quebec Interns and Residents
Get Better Salaries
The interns and residents of Quebec hos-
pitals, who had resorted to "study days" on
January 31 and February 7 to back demands
for better salaries, have accepted salary in-
creases offered by the provincial govern-
ment.
Interns who were receiving $3,060 per
year will get $3,770; final-year residents
who received $5,160, will get $6,170 under
the new agreement.
The residents and interns, who had re-
fused several previous offers from the
government, accepted the final offer on the
condition that increases will be brought in
line with those of their Ontario colleagues
if the report of the Castonguay Commission
has not been submitted by July I, 1967.
A commission under M. Claude Caston-
guay has been set up to inquire into health
and social welfare in the province. The in-
terns' group is preparing a brief for the
Commission that will outline the grievances
of the interns and residents, and which is
intended to serve as a basis for future
negotiations.
u.S. Dermatologist Speaks Out
Neither parents nor teenagers, but priv-
ate physicians, are "contributing most" to
the increasing venereal disease problem in
the United States.
So says Arthur C. Curtis, M.D., Chair-
man of The University of Michigan's
department of dermatology.
In an editorial in the current University
of Michigan Medical Center Journal, Dr.
Curtis says incidences of infectious syphilis
and gonorrhea are continuing to increase,
although fewer private physicians are re-
porting cases to health departments. He
further asserts that those suffering most are
the nation's young people.
MARCH 1967
"Our children are our most important
asset," points out Dr. Curtis. "We should
do all we can to make them knowledgeable
about those things that may harm them,
and do all we can to make this information
possible for them to obtain."
year and hence infect more and more
young people."
Dr. Curtis believes physicians should
explain the serious nature of the problem
with the patient, enlisting the patient's
support in reporting the case.
"Physicians who treat V.D. can be good
epidemiologists but they don't have the
time or the experience to seek out contacts."
Every city, state or county health
department has trained workers who are
expert in finding infectious venereal disease
and bringing it to treatment, Dr. Curtis
explains. "Why don't we use them?"
Recommending more V.D. instruction in
schools, Dr. Curtis says that by treating
and not reporting, "we physicians in priv-
ate practice are the ones who are contribut-
ing most to this infectious venereal disease
problem among our young people. By
treating and not reporting, we are allow-
ing an infectious disease to increase each
ONE-STEP PREP
with
\ FLEET ENEMÞ:
single dose
disposable IlII it
FLEET ENEMA's fast prep time obsoletes soap and
water procedures. The enema does not require warm-
ing. It can be used at room temperature. It avoids the
ordeal of injecting large quantities of fluid into the
bowel, and the possibility of water intoxication.
The patient should preferably be lying on the left side
with the knees flexed, or in the knee-chest position.
Once the protective cap has been removed, and the
prelubricated anatomically correct rectal tube gently
inserted, simple manual pressure on the container
does the rest! Care should be taken to ensure that
the contents of the bowel are completely expelled. Left
"""t
colon catharsis is normally achieved in two to five
minutes, with little or no mucosal irritation, pain or
spasm. If a patient is dehydrated or debilitated,
hypertonic solutions such as FLEET ENEMA, must
be administered with caution. Repeated use at short
intervals is to be avoided. Do not administer to children
under six months of age unless directed by a physician.
And afterwards, no scrubbing, no sterilisation, no
preparation for re-use. The complete FLEET ENEMA
unit is simply discarded!
Every special plastic "squeeze-bottle" contains 41f2
fl. oz. of precisely formulated solution, so that the
adult dose of 4 fl. oz. can be easily expelled. A patented
diaphragm prevents leakage and reverse flow, as well
as ensuring a comfortable rate of administration.
Each 100 cc. of FLEET ENEMA confains:
Sodium biphosphate . 16 gm.
Sodium phosphate. 6 gm.
!-or our brochure: "The Enemo: Indications and Techniques",
containing full information, write to: Professional Service
Department, Charles E. Frosst & Co., P.O. Box 247,
Montreal 3, P.Q.
...-- ..-
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A QUALITY PHARMACEUTICALS
J..ow
E;.
&Co.
IIO"'RE:AL CANADA
'--- FDUNDlD IN CANADA IN 18f19
THE CANADIAN NURSE 15
news
AMA Supports
Nursing Salary Raise
A "significant improvement in the in-
come of the registered nurse" was called
for by delegates to the American Medical
Association's recent biannual session.
The House agreed with the Board of
Trustees and AMA's Committee on Nur-
sing which supports the need for a signi-
ficant improvement in the income of the
registered nurse. They recognize that there
will be considerable variation in compen-
sation depending upon the prevailing local
conditions, training, experience, and degree
of delegated responsibility.
The House also voted to continue to
support in principle all current nationally
approved educational programs for nurses.
It noted that the American Nurses' As-
sociation and the National League for
Nursing have called for nursing education
to take place in colleges and universities.
Support for the nurses' salary raise was
also voiced in an editorial in the Decem-
ber 12 issue of The AMA News, a weekly
newspaper published by the American
Medical Association. The editorial said:
Facts about
Registered
Nurses in
Canada
"Overworked and underpaid nurses have
been given support for better wages and
working conditions by the House of Deleg-
ates of the AMA.
"The House noted that the American
Nurses' Association in June adopted a
national salary goal of $6,500 for registered
nurses beginning practice. But the House
agreed with the report of the Board of
Trustees and the Committee on Nursing
which questioned such a national salary
goal, establishing a minimum rate of com-
pensation for the entire country.
"A salary for registered nurses should
be controlled by economics and the supply
or demand in the part of the country
where the nurse is employed. There is
considerable variation in compensation
depending upon the prevailing local condi-
tions, training, experience, and the degree
of delegated responsibility.
"The ANA's goal was adopted in the
belief that low salaries seriously hamper
efforts to recruit nurses and to keep nurses
in practice. In an interview printed in the
November 28 issue of The AMA News,
Jo Eleanor Elliott, RN, president of ANA,
said many nurses with current licenses are
not working because it is not economically
feasible.
"'As long as these inactive nurses keep
their licenses current, there is a potential
to alleviate the nurse shortage,' she said.
Turnover Rate
'The ANA is making a major effort to at-
tract these inactive RNs back into nursing.
But they must be given the proper motiva-
tion - including better wages and working
conditions - to make it worth their while."
Tooth Transplantation
Possible
A tooth that has grown in a wrong posi-
tion can now be extracted and transplanted
according to a new method practiced by
Swedish dentist Dr. Karl-Erik Thonner at
the Stockholm County Clinic of Ortho-
dontics, Näsby Park, Sweden. While keep-
ing the tooth alive in the patient's own
blood serum during surgery, Dr. Thonner
has operated on some 30 patients with good
results.
"It was surprising even to us when we
found out that this was possible," Dr. Thon-
ner says in a Stockholm newspaper inter-
view. "When we started, we used to give
the tooth a root filling after it had been
transplanted. Then we discovered that it was
rossible to keep the nerve functions alive in
the patient's own blood serum during sur-
gery. ..
Usually only 15 minutes are required to
prepare the insertion of the tooth. It has,
however, been possible to keep the tooth
alive up to at least one hour, the doctor
reports. The operation proper takes about
an hour to perfonn.
Graph shows turnover rate of full-time general duty nurses in public general
hospitals in Canada, 1964. The turnover rate is a ratio of leavers to stayers.
In 1964, the turnover rate for full-time general duty nurses in public general
hospitals in Canada was 61 percent. This means that the number of resignations
during the year was more than one-half of the average number employed
during the year.
Percent
100
.
,
.
. ,
. I . I . . I
Ø() .. -...... ... ..t.-.-...-..-- --f-- ---------t---------- f----------f---------.;-------- -t -. ---.. ----
. . I . . I
I . I , . .
. . I .. .
I I I I. .
6() ----....-...+---------f---.--.............--..-------
.._.. .... ---------i---------t.....----
= , ; ! :
, , ,
I I I I I .
40 ---- - - - - - t - - - - - - -"t-----------t----------t----------t---------t---------t- u -------
I I . . . I .
I . . . . I .
. . I . I . .
. I . . . . I
I . I I . . .
20 . - - - - - - --"'!'" - - -- - - - -
-----------!----------'!-.--------'!"---------'!---------'!-..-------
. . I . . . .
: : : : : : !
. . . . . I .
Source: Research Unit,
Canadian Nurses
Association, 1966
16 THE CANADIAN NURSE
1-
9
10-
24
25-
49
50-
99
SIZE OF HOSPITAL (Number of beds)
100-
199
200-
299
]()() -
499
500- 1000+
999
MARCH 1967
One day of walking down
those long corridors...
and standing on those
cold, hard floors will tell
you the importance of
White Uniform Oxfords
by Savage.
Savage White Uniform Oxford shoes
are made to take the strain off feet that
walk and stand on hard floors day in.
day out. They are expertly fashioned
over well-designed lasts to give true
comfort. Sanitized too for lasting fresh-
ness. And wearing White Uniform
Oxfords by Savage doesn't mean you
I
..
have to give up style for comfort. You
get a choice of military or flat heels in
a full range of sizes and widths. Sure
you'll still be on your feet for hours every
day. And the corridors won't be any
shorter. But you'll find it much easier
to carryon smiling in White Uniform
Oxfords by Savage.
WHITE U
ORMS
by Sayage
,
,
, .
.
..' . . . .
..... .
\
Style No.
Style No. 57825 ,_
57815
Style No. 1684&
BB 1239
names
Margaret Ellen Cam-
eron, a native of
Winnipeg, Manitoba,
recently assumed her
new duties as execu-
tive director of the
Manitoba Association
of Registered Nurses.
A graduate of the
School of Nursing of
the Winnipeg General Hospital, Miss Cam-
eron also holds both her baccalaureate
and master of science degrees from Teachers
College, Columbia University, New York.
The new executive director has been
active both in her profession and in various
nursing organizations since the beginning
of her career. She has held various posi-
tions in the United States including that of
school nurse in Connecticut, instructor at
St. Luke's Hospital, New York and as-
sistant director of the St. Luke's Hospital
School of Nursing.
Following her experience in the United
States, Miss Cameron returned to her home
town to become assistant director of nurs-
ing at the Winnipeg General Hospital.
The following year she became director of
nursing, a position she held until 1963.
Prior to her present appointment, she serv-
ed three years as assistant administrator
of the same hospital.
Her membership in nursing organiza-
tions, both provincial and national, included
the chairmanship of the education com-
mittee of the Manitoba Association of
Registered Nurses.
As executive director, Miss Cameron is
"pleased to participate in an expanded
program for the Manitoba Association of
Registered Nurses," and looks forward "to
working with my colleagues in its develop-
ment."
....-
-
-
II
Marie Fountain, born and educated in
England, has been appointed administrative
assistant (nursing) to Jean Milligan at the
Ottawa Civic Hospital.
Miss Fountain graduated from Central
Middlesex Hospital School of Nursing and
emigrated to Canada in 1957. Before mOv-
ing to Ottawa in 1959 she worked at hos-
pitals in Weiland, Ontario and Banff, Al-
berta.
At the Ottawa Civic, Miss Fountain
worked as a head nurse and administrative
supervisor before obtaining a diploma in
nursing administration and education from
the University of Ottawa in 1963. She is
presently completing her requirements for
her B.Sc. degree at the University.
18 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Pearl G. Morcombe
is the new public
relations officer for
the Manitoba Associa-
tion of Registered
Nurses.
Mrs. Morcombe
graduated from the
General H 0 s pit a I
School of Nursing,
Port Arthur, Ontario and is presently fol-
lowing an extension course in executive
administration at the University of Mani-
toba.
Mrs. Morcombe brings an impressive
background in both nursing and public rela-
tions to her new job. She spent three years
in industrial nursing at MacDonald Air-
craft in Winnipeg. From 1955 to 1958 she
acted as. public relations and field services
representative with the Manitoba Hospital
Services Association in Winnipeg. From
1958 to 1962 she was liaison officer for
the Manitoba Hospital Commission.
Prior to her new appointment Mrs. Mor-
combe spent five years as assistant to the
manager of hospital construction for the
Manitoba Hospital Commission.
...
....
...
.-Å.
Wilhelmina Bell is
the new director of
nursing service at the
General and Mar-
ine Hospital, Owen
Sound. A graduate of
the Royal Victoria
Hospital School of
Nursing in Montreal,
Miss Bell subsequent-
ly studied nursing education at the Univer-
sity of Toronto and followed 2 postgraduate
course on psychiatric nursing at the New
York Psychiatric Institute.
She gained experience in both nursing
and nursing education in the United States
and Canada. At the Presbyterian Hospital,
New York, Miss Bell served as a head
nurse. Following this she worked as an
instructor and a clinical supervisor at the
Wellesley Hospital, Toronto, and the St.
Catharines General Hospital, St. Catharines,
Ontario.
Back in the United States, at Durham,
North Carolina, Miss Bell worked as coor-
dinator for a school for colored practical
nurses at Duke University School of Nurs-
ing.
Prior to her present appointment at the
General and Marine Hospital, Miss Bell
was director of nursing service at the
Public General Hospital, Chatham, Ontario.
1r'-
Diane Yvonne Ste-
wart, of London, On-
tario, received a
double appointment
recently from the
London Health As-
sociation and the
University of Western
Ontario. She was ap-
pointed director of
nursing service at the new University Hos-
pital and also an associate professor, part-
time, in the University of Western Ontario
School of Nursing.
Miss Stewart obtained her B.Sc.N. from
Western and is currently completing re-
quirements there for a master of science
in nursing degree. A Canadian Nurses'
Foundation Fellowship was awarded to
Miss Stewart for 1966-67.
Following graduation from Victoria Hos-
pital School of Nursing in London, Miss
Stewart attended the University of Toronto
for one year. She then taught obstetrical
nursing at the Victoria Hospital School of
Nursing for two years. At that time she
became a supervisor in the nursing service
department and later assistant director of
nursing at Victoria Hospital.
Joanne Fyle, St. Thomas, Ontario, has
been awarded the RNAO entrance bursary
at McMaster University School of Nur-
sing.
Sharon Hanna, Dunnville, Ontario, has
won the Niemeier Scholarship for high
standing in third year maternal and child
care nursing.
Elizabeth Latimer, Hamilton, Ontario,
is winner of the McGregor Clinic Scholar.
ship for high set standing in third year
medical-surgical nursing.
Nancy Mcllwraith, Marathon, Ontario,
has won the Niemeier Scholarship for
highest standing in first and second year
clinical nursing subjects.
Irene Ashworth,
former supervisor of
the Ottawa Branch of
the Victorian Order
of Nurses, recently
joined the national of-
fice staff as a regional
supervisor.
Miss Ashworth, a
graduate of the School
of Nursing of St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamil-
ton, Ontario, also holds a diploma in pub-
lic health which she earned in 1959 from
MARCH 1%7
the University of Western Ontario and a
diploma in supervision and administration
from the University of Toronto.
Before joining the Victorian Order of
Nurses in 1957, Miss Ashworth did generaJ
and private duty nursing at the Hamilton
Civic Hospital and St. Joseph's Hospital,
Hamilton, Ontario. She served as a staff
nurse with the Hamilton Branch of the
V.O.N. until 1963. The following year she
became supervisor of the Ottawa Branch
where she remained until her present ap-
pointment as a regional supervisor.
Lillian Mae Randall, a native of Van-
couver, British Columbia, also joined the
national office of the Victorian Order of
Nurses as a regional supervisor.
Miss Randall graduated from the School
of Nursing of the Vancouver General Hos-
pital in 1945 and served for one year as a
staff nurse in the psychiatric ward of the
same hospital.
The following year she obtained her
certificate in public health nursing from
the University of British Columbia.
In 1947 Miss Randall became a staff
nurse for the Vancouver Branch of the
V.O.N., and later the educational super-
visor for the Vancouver Branch.
In 1963 she obtained a certificate in
public health administration and supervi-
sion from the University of Toronto.
At the end of 1966, Margaret E. Mac-
donald retired from service at the Calgary
General, the hospital she entered as a
student nurse over 40 years ago.
Born in New Brunswick, Miss Mac-
donald came to Western Canada in 1919
and entered the Calgary General Hospital
School of Nursing in 1923. After her grad-
uation in 1926, she began her career at the
hospital. She gained experience as a staff
nurse, private duty nurse, head nurse and
nursing supervisor.
At retirement she was evening supervisor
in the convalescent-rehabilitation building
of the hospital.
Known affectionately as "Black Mac"
since her school days, Miss Macdonald is
"a person who always places others first."
At the open house reception given in her
honor before her retirement, Miss Mac-
donald's 37 years of continuous service at
the Calgary General Hospital were recogniz-
ed by members of the hospital board and
medical staff.
Florence Taylor, associate director of
nursing education, Brantford General Hos-
pital since August, died suddenly Decem-
ber 19, 1966.
Her nursing experience has taken her
through Canada, the United States, India,
Korea, and Manchuria.
Miss Taylor joined the staff of Brant-
MARCH 1967
I
.... ./'-'
-
,
- f J.. \1
"
'"'
, ,
,
--
Enaam Abou-Youssef, an instructor from the United Arab Republic, dIscusses
CNA's public relations program with June Ferguson, public relations officer.
On the homeward swing of a journey
that began in February 1961, Enaam Y.
Abou-Youssef visited CNA House in Ot-
tawa, Wednesday, January 18, 1967.
Miss Abou- Youssef, a nurse from the
United Arab Republic, attended the Uni-
versity of California School of Nursing
where she obtained her master of science
degree in 1963. She then enrolled in the
doctoral program at Teachers College,
Columbia University in New York.
Miss Abou-Youssef is from Alexandria,
Egypt. In 1960, she was in the second
class to graduate from the first university
nursing course established in the UAR at
the Higher Institute of Nursing, University
of Alexandria. Following this she was ap-
pointed clinical instructor at the same
institution.
Miss Abou- Youssef said that the establish-
ment of university schools of nursing in
the UAR brought "more prestige and sta-
tus" to the profession in her country.
Miss Abou- Youssef is presently working
on her doctoral project - a thesis on
maternity nursing "focused on the respon-
sibilities of the nurse to the family during
the maternity cycle." She hopes that the
thesis eventually will be translated into
Arabic and published as a textbook to be
used by the baccalaureate students in the
Near Eastern Region.
The book will be entirely new in its
approach to maternity nursing as it does
not include anatomy and physiology of re-
productive organs or the mechanism of labor
as complete units.
During her visits to the Universities of
Manitoba and Western Ontario, Miss Abou-
Youssef gathered ideas for developing a
different point of view for the master's
program to be inaugurated at the University
of Alexandria.
On her return home this spring she will
teach maternity nursing at the Higher In-
stitute of Nursing. She is also involved
in developing nursing activities, nursing
education and nursing service throughout
her country.
Miss Abou-Youssef also admits she looks
forward "to being waited on again" when
she returns to her homeland.
ford General Hospital, January 1966 as
assistant director of nursing education.
Canadian-born Helen Young, a widely
known figure in American nursing, died
recently at 92.
Miss Young taught in an Ontario public
school for 13 years before she entered the
Presbyterian Hospital School of Nursing,
New York, in 1909. In World War I she
served at a hospital for the wounded in
Juilly, France.
In 1921, nine years after Miss Young
became a nurse at the Presbyterian Hospi-
tal, she succeeded Miss Anna C. Maxwell,
the school's first director.
In 1933 Miss Young became the first
editor of Quick Reference Book for Nurses,
and in 1937 she received Columbia Uni-
versity's medal for excellence, awarded
for service to the university.
William A. Holland, administrator of the
Oshawa General HospitaJ, was recently
elected president of the Ontario Hospital
Association for 1966-67. Mr. Holland has
been a member of the Association's board
of directors since 1959. As the first admi-
nistrator to hold the top OHA post in five
years, Mr. Holland succeeds Glen W. Phelps,
a trustee of the OriIlia Soldier's Memorial
HospitaJ.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 19
..
your
Own
hands:
....
.
"
"'
soft testimony to your patients' comfort
Your own hands are testimony to Dermassage's effectiveness. Applied by your
soft, practiced hands, Dermassage alleviates your patient's minor skin irritations
and discomfort. It adds a welcome, soothing touch to tender, sheet-burned
skin; relieves dryness, itching and cracking. . . aids in preventing decubitus
ulcers. In short, Dermassage is "the topical tranquilizer", , . it relaxes the patient
. , , helps make his hospital stay more pleasant.
You will like Dermassage for other reasons, too. A body rub with it saves your time
and energy. Massage is gentle, smooth and fast. You needn't follow-up with
talcum and there is no greasiness to clean away, It won't stain or soil linens or
bed-clothes. You can easily make friends with Dermassage-send for a sample!
Now available in new, 16 ounce plastic container with convenient flip-top closure.
--.
,
.....
"
tr A
.....-
N._ .....
Im8SS8P
...., rei""'"
...,--
'-II"
r
LdL
MEDICATED
ilin
U]
e'
.TIIU,DfMAIiK
c:5Ø LAKESIDE LABORATORIES (CANADA) LTD.
64 Colgate Avenue. Toronto 8, OntarIo
MARCH 1967
20 THE CANADIAN NURSE
in a capsule
Wine - the Chemical Symphony
"Have a glass of this therapeutic adju-
vant for the promotion of relaxation," your
medicaHy-minded host may suggest some
evening after supper. If you refuse, you
may be turning down a "natura1 tranquilizer"
of some fine old vintage.
For those who need and excuse to drink
wine, Dr. Sa1vatore P. Lucia, professor of
medicine at the University of California
School of Medicine, San Francisco. provides
several sound therapeutic ones.
Wine, he points out, has been used for
more than 40 centuries as a safe tranqui-
lizer and there is no reason it should not
be used for this even today. Modem re-
search has confirmed the age-old values of
wine, he says. In his view, wine is a "natu-
ral tranquilizer" while tranquilizing drugs are
"artificia1 tranquilizers."
Wine, says Dr. Lucia, is more than merely
a1cohol. "Its many other ingredients bring
it into the category of tranquilizers. Many
studies of wine disclose that the ability of
wine to reduce nervous tension is a result
of the ability of its 'chemical symphony'"
Numerous studies have shown "that wine
gives far more sustained and gently tran-
quilizing effects than does straight ethyl
alcohol diluted with water to the same
strength. "
One leading possibility for use of wine
as a tranquilizer is in the elderly, says Dr.
Lucia. It can help them "cope with... ten-
sions and live out a long span in peace and
gratitude." One serving before a mea1 or
two servings with a meal provide the desired
tranquilization.
"In the rush of rapid pharrrulceutical pro-
gress, the ages-old established, inexpensive,
and safe medicine called wine is apt to be
forgotten," writes Dr. Lucia. "So, too, in a
post-prohibition society, these ancient dietary
beverages are still apt to be regarded over-
emotionally and pseudo-moralistically by the
physician. Yet, the long history of the use
of wine in medical practice and the modern
scientific research confirming its values are
gaining the attention of increasing numbers
of physicians."
No Utopia for Nurses
"In some Utopian tomorrow," says Mollie
'Gillen of Chatelaine, (January 1967) nurses
will be "freed at last from the tyranny of
counting sheets, serving meals, making up
empty beds and pushing wheelchairs."
Unfortunately, she sees that tomorrow as
a far distant one.
MARCH 1967
The nursing profession in Canada today,
according to Mrs. Gillen, is characterized
by "creaking mechanisms and archaic pat-
terns" which, instead of improving are act-
ing as deterrents to prospective student
nurses.
In fact, the percentage of high-school
graduates entering nursing has declined
sharply over the past twenty years. Only
10 percent of girls from high schools are
enrolling today (in 1951 it was 20 percent;
in 1944, 25 percent), and "a continued drop
is feared unless nursing is made more at-
tractive as a career," she says.
What exactly are the problems that beset
nursing today? asks Mrs. Gillen.
In answer to her own question, she places
at the top of the list the shortage of nurses
that keeps whole hospital wings closed and
overworks existing staff. She also points out
the shortage of teachers to train nurses and
the proliferation of aides and helpers whose
training and duties aren't clearly defined.
Then there are antiquated hospital schools,
where training is paid for by free labor. Not
surprising, continues the author, is the grow-
ing demand for promotion opportunities in
clinical nursing, as well as in administration
and teaching. Moreover, the profession is
beset by internal conflicts for better pay,
better working conditions and a more de-
mocratic organization.
Problems unfortunately are more plentiful
and obvious than solutions. However, an
Canadian provinces today at least recognize
the need for shortening the diploma pro-
gram, for providing opportunities for clinical
specialization, and for rearranging salary
levels.
"With solutions slowly being found to the
still-quite-bitter intramural arguments within
the profession... nursing could be at the
beginning of a new regime that safeguards
the nurses in their rights as well as the
public in its expectation of good service,"
concludes Mrs. Gillen.
5,500,000 Still Puffing
At least 1,000,000 Canadians did it. An-
other 2,500,000 seriously tried but couldn't,
and a further 3,000,000 didn't even attempt
to break the smoking habit.
Of the 1,000,000 regular cigaret smokers
who successfully overcame the habit, most
claimed "unspecified health reasons" as their
reason for quitting. Others named coughing,
throat irritation, bronchitis, family objec-
tions, expense, and doctor's orders as res-
ponsible. Low on the list came fear of
cancer.
Even those 5,500,000 brave Canadians
who steadfastly hang onto the habit despite
the odds, admit dissatisfaction with theIr
smoking habits. These findings were the re-
sults of a survey recently released by Hon.
Allan J. MacEachen, Minister of National
Health and Welfare.
The study also shows that certain pro-
vinces are more nicotine-prone than others.
Regionally, British Columbia shows the high-
est proportion of former regular smokers
(49% of male and 17% of female non-
smokers and occasional smokers were at one
time regular cigaret smokers) and Quebec
the smallest (30% of male and 8% of
female.) British Columbia also shows the
highest proportion (53%) of regular cigaret
smokers who have tried to stop smoking,
and Quebec the lowest (37%).
Conducted among persons 15 years of
age and over, the survey reveals that among
present non-smokers of cigarets, 32% of
the men and 9% of the women at one time
were regular users. Attempts to break the
smoking habit tend to be more common
among those under 40. Women who have
succeeded are most commonly found in the
20 to 39 age bracket. Men who have stopped
daily smoking are more frequently found
among those 40 and over.
A growing awareness of the dangers of
cigaret smoking is reflected in the concern of
the Department of National Health and
Welfare with the smoking habits of Cana-
dians. Annual surveys and comparisons of
results are planned by the Department for
the future.
Vaccine Race
A live vaccine against mumps appears
to have been developed simultaneously -
or almost simultaneously - in the East and
in the West.
The Russians claim that the first one was
developed at the Pasteur Institute in Lenin-
grad. This vaccine was tried out among all
the children aged two to twelve in Pskov a
regiona1 center nearby. There were onl; a
few cases in the year following the vaccina-
tion, although there had been mass out-
breaks in the same region previously.
In the U. S. a live attenuated vaccine
(developed by Dr. Maurice R. Hillman and
Dr. Eugene Buynak) was tested among 482
Philadelphia school children. A great many
cases of natura1 mumps occurred in the test
community, whereas there were only two
cases - both in school-age youngsters -
among the vaccinated children. - Royal
Society of Health Journal - Sept.-Oct.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 21
new products
{
Descriptions are based on information
supplied by the manufacturer and are
pro
ided only as a service to readers.
Specimen Container
(PROFESSIONAL DISPOSABLE PRODUCTS)
Description - A water-tight and odor-
proof, eight-ounce laboratory specimen
container made of shatterproof, opaque
plastic. This container is supplied with a
specially imprinted lid which simplifies
writing identifying information.
For additional information, write to
Professional Disposable Products, Inc., 22-
28 South Sixth Avenue, Mount Vernon,
New York 10550.
1
&
,,'ORY SP.Fc/..
.$'. _ "'t;..
Norlestrin 1 mg.
(PARKE-DAVIS)
Description - A new, low-dosage (1.0
mg.) form of the oral contraceptive, Norl-
estrin, previously available only as a 2.5
mg. tablet. Each tablet of Norlestrin 1 mg.
contains norethindrone acetate I mg. and
ethinyl estradiol 0.05 mg.
Norlestrin I mg. is a progestogen-
estrogen combination for control of con-
ception. Like Norlestrin 2.5 mg., it contains
norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol
but it contains only 1 mg. of the proges-
togen.
Dosage - Initial cycle: The first tablet
is taken on the fifth day after onset of
menstruation. The first day of menstrual
flow is considered day one. Tablets should
be taken regularly with a meal or at bed-
time. After taking one tablet daily for 21
consecutive days, no tablets are taken for
7 days. Subsequent cycles: After the 7-day
interval in which no tablets are taken, a
neW course of 21 tablets is started regard-
less of whether bleeding has finished or
not. Each cycle consists of 21 days of
medication and a 7-day interval without
medication.
Contraindications - This type of ther-
apy (progestogen-estrogen combinations) is
contraindicated in patients with, or with a
history of, cancer (because of the estro-
gen), preexisting liver disease, or a history
22 THE CANADIAN NURSE
of thromboembolic disorder. Oral contra-
ceptives should not be used by nursing
mothers, young women in whom epiphyseal
closure is not complete, or women who
have had a stroke, partial or complete loss
of vision, diplopia or proptosis. The use of
oral contraceptives containing progesta-
tional agents should be avoided where preg-
nancy is suspected.
Side Effects - Break through bleeding,
nausea, and diminished menstrual flow are
the principal side effects considered to be
drug related.
For further information or to obtain the
file booklet containing the basic prescrib-
ing information, write Parke, Davis &
Company, Ltd., P.O. Box 2100, St. Laurent
Post Office, Montreal 9, P.Q.
Flexitone
(CYANAMID)
Description - A new adjustable surgical
binder for use with postoperative and post-
partum patients. The Flexitone binder is
designed to provide comfortable support
without compromise of muscle tone. It will
not roll, ride or chafe and provides enough
"give" to allow freedom for the muscles to
expand and contract.
The binders are anatomically designed
and sized for both male and female patients.
They are lined for comfort and may be
laundered repeatedly without loss of resi-
liency.
Uses - The Flexitone surgical binder is
used after abdominal surgery, after normal
delivery or caesarian section, for chest sup-
port in fractures and surgery, and for back
support.
Cerevon-S
(CALMIC)
Description - Cerevon-S is a combina-
tion of ferrous succinate 150 mg. and suc-
cinic acid 110 mg.
Indications - Used in the treatment of
iron deficiency anemia. Compared to
other methods of treating iron deficiency
anemia, Cerevon-S showed a more rapid
rate of hemoglobin rise and a higher final
hemoglobin level after twenty weeks. It is
also effective in some patients who do not
respond to conventional oral iron.
Dosages - One capsule t.Ld. between
meals or as prescribed. When given be-
tween meals, the period of maximum ab-
sorption, Cerevon-S produces minimal intol-
erance, although gastrointestinal disturb-
ances, eg., diarrhea, constipation, heart-
burn, can occur.
For further information, contact Calmic
Limited, 16 Curity Avenue, Toronto 16,
Onto
Ger-o-Foam
(WINLEY-MORRIS)
Description - Benzocaine 3%, methyl
salicylate 30%, in a neutralized emulsion
base containing volatile oils.
Indications - Ger-o-Foam is an anesthe-
tic analgesic foam used to increase mobility
of limbs in musculo-skeletal involvements.
The formulation permits penetration of
the medicaments into the deeper structures
underlying the skin to relieve pain and
stiffness in rheumatoid and osteoarthritis;
painful limbs following cerebrovascular
accident; painful healed fracture, low back
pam; sprains; etc.
Directions - Apply to affected part
and massage in gently.
For information contact: Winley-Morris
Co. Ltd., 2795 Bates Rd., Montreal 26, P.Q.
Tussagesic
(ANCA)
Description - Each time-release tablet
contains triaminic 50 mg., dormethan
30 mg., terpin hydrate 180 mg., and aceta
minophen 325 mg.
Indications - For relief of symptoms of
the common cold. Tussagesic decongests,
relieves pain, breaks up cough and provides
effective expectorant action.
Dosages - For adults and children over
12 years - one tablet, swallowed whole,
in morning, mid-afternoon and at bedtime.
Tussagesic is also available in suspension
form. Both tablets and suspension can
cause occasional drowsiness, blurred vision.
cardiac palpitations, flushing, dizziness,
nervousness or gastrointestinal upsets.
For further information, contact ANCA
Laboratories, 1377 Lawrence Ave., East,
Toronto, Ontario.
MARCH 1967
dates
April 27-29, 1967
Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario,
annual meeting. Royal York Hotel,
Toronto.
May 4-6, 1967
St. Boniface Hospital, School of Nursing,
25th Reunion of the 1942 Graduating
Closs. Would members of the 1942
graduating closs please write to
Miss F.E. Taylor, R.N.,
10123-122 Street, Edmonton.
May 8-12, 1967
Notional League for Nursing, Biennial
Convention. Theme: "Nursing in the Health
Revolution." New York Hilton Hotel,
New York City.
May 16-19, 1967
Alberto Association of Registered Nurses
Annual Meeting, Chateau Lacombe,
Edmonton, Alberto.
May 19-21, 1967
60th Anniversary reunion of the Royal
Inland Hospital School of Nursing,
Kamloops, B.C. For further information
write: Mrs. Sylvia Lum, Suite "C",
248 Victoria St., Kamloops, B.C.
May 24-26, 1967
Saskatchewan Association of
Registered Nurres Annual Meeting.
Saskatoon.
May 24-26, 1967
International Symposium on Electrical
Activity of the Heart, London, Ontario.
For further information write to
Dr. G.W. Manning, Victoria Hospital,
London, Onto
May 29-31, 1967
Operating Room Nurses' Fourth Ontario
Conference, The Inn on the Park,
Toronto, Ont. Sponsored by the Operating
Room Nurses of Greater Toronto. Direct
inquiries to: Mrs. Eleanor Conlin, R.N.,
437 Glen Pork Avenue, Apt. 309,
Toronto 19, Onto
May 31-June 2, 1967
Registered Nurses' Association of Novo
Scotia Annual Meeting, Sydney, N.S.
MclY 31-June 2, 1967
Registered Nurses' Association of British
Columbia Annual Meeting, Bayshore Inn,
Vancouver, B.C.
MARCH 1967
May 31-June 2, 1967
New Bn.mswick Association
of Registered Nurses Annual
Meeting. The Playhouse, Fredericton.
June 4-16, 1967
University of Windsor, 6th annual
residential summer course on alcohol and
problems of addiction. Co-sponsored by
the University of Windsor and the Alcohol
and Drug Addiction Foundation of Ontario.
Limited enrollment. Enquiries to: Director,
Summer Course, Addiction Research
Foundation, 24 Harbord St., Toronto 5, Onto
June 5-8, 1967
Atlantic Provinces Hospital Association,
Annual Meeting.
June 8-9, 1967
Manitoba Association of Registered
Nurses' Annual Meeting to be held
in connection with the Western Regional
Hospital Conference
June 12-15 1967
Canadian Dietetic Association, 32nd
Convention, Château Laurier, Ottowa.
June 18-21, 1967
Ottowa Civic Hospital, Centennial Home
Coming. Alumnae or former associates of
the Ottowa Civic Hospital who are
interested in the program should write to:
Executive Director, Ottowa Civic Hospital.
June 24, 1967
St. Joseph's Hospital School of Nursing,
Toronto, Centennial Reunion. Any graduates
who do not receive alumnae newsletters,
please send nome and address to:
St. Joseph's Hospital School of Nursing
Alumnae, 30 The Queensway, Toronto 3,
Ontario.
July, 1967
75th Anniversary, Nova Scotia Hospital
School of Nursing, Dartmouth, N.S. All
interested graduates please contact
Mrs. G. Varheff, 20 Ellenvale Ave.,
Dartmouth, N.S.
September 15-17, 1967
70th Anniversary, Aberdeen Hospital School
of Nursing, New Glasgow, Novo Scotia.
Write: Mrs. Allison MacCulioch, R.R. #2,
New Glasgow, Pictou Co., Novo Scotia.
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 23
Plan Now For
Basic Sciences
BASIC PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY
By Ellen E. Chaffee, R.N., M.N., M. Lilt.; and Esther
M. Greisheimer, Ph.D., M.D.
Physiology and anatomy are skillfully fused in this text
designed for the freshman nursing student. Realistic
clinical applications clarify scientific principles. Chap-
ters are amplified by summaries and questions. Testing
program for instructors' use is available upon request.
656 Pages 371 lIlustrations, 45 in color, plus Videograf
1964 $7.75.
LABORATORY MANUAL IN
PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY
By Ellen E. Chaffee, R.N., M.N., M. Lilt.
Organized into twenty-four laboratory units with em-
phasis on the normal human body. Practical applica-
tions animate the principles. Study questions follow
each lesson. 260 Pages lIlustrated 1963 $2.60.
PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY:
With Practical Considerations
By Esther M. Greisheimer, Ph.D., M.D.; with the
assistance of J. Robert Troyer, Ph.D.
A text designed to meet the needs of students in general
courses as well as those directly applied to nursing.
Physiology and anatomy are featured in separate chap-
ters according to body systems. Content is enlivened
by practical considerations pertaining to broad health
problems. 894 Pages 430 lIlustrations, plus Videograf
8th Edition, 1963 $9.50.
ESSENTIALS OF CHEMISTRY
By Gretchen O. Luros, M.A.; and Jack C. Towne,
Ph.D.
Provides the student with a strong foundation in inor-
ganic, organic and particularly physiologic chemistry.
New data incorporated in the 7th Edition includes car-
bohydrates, lipids, proteins, metabolism, nucleic acids,
enzymes, vitamins, inorganic body requirements and
hormones. 356 Pages 101 lIlustrations 7th Edition,
1966 $6.50.
INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL PHYSICS
By J. Trygve Jemen, Ed. D.
A clarification of the physical principles underlying
nursing procedures and an explanation of the scientific
framework upon which qualified nursing activities de-
pend. Virtually all the basic laws of physics employed
in nursing are discussed. 240 Pages 139 lIlustrations
1960 Paperbound $3.75.
BASIC MICROBIOLOGY
By Margaret F. Wheeler, R.N., A.M.; and Wesley A.
V olk, Ph.D.
A clear and concise introduction to the basic aspects
of microbiology. Coverage includes: discussions of
bacteria, protozoa, viruses, rickettsiae and other micro-
organisms and their relevance to health and disease.
Pathogens are grouped according to portal of entry,
in reldtion to body systems. Chapter summaries, ques-
tions, illustrations and charts contribute to overall
clarity. 389 Pages 163 lIlustrations 1964 $6.25.
NUTRITION IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
By Lenna F. Cooper, Sc.D.; Edith M. Barber, M.S.;
Helen S. Mitchell, Ph.D., Sc.D.; and Henderika J. Ryn-
bergen, M.S.; with the assistance of Jessie C. Greene,
B.S.
Because of vigorous streamlining, this book has gained
in versatility both as a text for basic nutrition courses
and for diet therapy. The 14th Edition includes up-to-
date tables, bibliography, and an expanded glossary.
615 Pages 101 lIlustrations 14th Edition, 1963 $7.50.
Clinical Nursing
SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING
(Formerly Science Principles Applied to
Nursing)
By Madelyn T. Nordmark, R.N., M.S.; Anne W. Roh-
weder, R.N., M.N.
To bridge the gap between scientific theory and clinical
practice. This book should be in every student's hands.
It is an indispensable tool for problem solving, nursing
diagnosis, intervention, and review. About 250 Pages
2nd Edition, 1967 Paperbound, about $5.00 Cloth-
bound, about $7.00.
FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING:
The Humanities And The Sciences In
Nursing
By Elinor V. Fuerst, R.N., M.A.; and LuVerne Wolff,
R.N., M.A.
This text is designed to give the student a sound underi
standing of the principles underlying all nursing action.
The problem-solving approach is stressed to enable
the student to act flexibly and analytically in any given
situation. Emphasis is on "core" content common to
every area of nursing practice. 661 Pages 158 lIlustra-
tions 3rd Edition, 1964 $6.50.
PROGRAMMED MATHEMATICS OF
DRUGS AND SOLUTIONS
By Mabel E. Weaver, R.N., M.S.; and Vera J. Koehler,
R.N., M.N.
Shows the student - step by step - how to apply her
basic knowledge of mathematics to the administration
of drugs and solutions. The 1966 Printing contains a
chapter on medications for infants and children. 109
Pages 1966 Printing Paperbound, $2.25.
FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICATIONS:
Dosages, Solutions and Mathematics
By Joy B. Plein. Ph.D.; and Elmer M. Plein, Ph.D.
Uniquely keyed to current nursing practice, this new
text-workbook for Pharmacology 1 includes: sources
of drugs, dosage forms, routes of administration,
mathematics of drug administration, medication orders,
pediatric dosages and legislation regulating the use of
drugs. About 125 Pages New, 1967 Paperbound, about
$3.50.
Fall Classes
CARE OF THE ADULT PATIENT:
Medical-Surgical Nursing
By Dorothy W. Smith, R.N., Ed.D.; Claudia D. Gips,
R.N., Ed.D.
Extensively rewritten, this patient-centered textbook is
more valuable than ever to the instructor and student.
Relevant concepts from the life sciences have been
integrated throughout the text. New nursing principles
and practices created by medical progress have been
included. 1206 Pages 406 Illustrations 2nd Edition,
1966 $11.25.
TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL-SURGICAL
NURSING
By Lillian Sholtis Brunner, R.N., M.S.; Charles Phillips
Emerson, Jr., M.D.; L. Kraeer Ferguson, M.D.,
F.A.C.S.; and Doris Smith Suddarth, R.N., M.S.N.
This comprehensive textbook of nursing care provides
a wealth of information and an intelligent understand-
ing of every patient regarding altered physiology, signs
and symptoms, management of his condition and
problems, appreciation of emotional state and rehabili-
tation. 1198 Pages 509 Illustrations, 48 in color 1964
$12.50.
PATIENT STUDIES IN MEDICAL-
SURGICAL NURSING
By Jane Secor, R.N., M.A.
Twenty-six patient studies focus on patients as persons
who have major medical or surgical problems, and who
require creative nursing care. The author skillfully
interweaves ethics, the hospital milieu, legal implica-
tions, interpersonal relationships, psychosocial aspects,
and the family. About 400 Pages New, 1967 Paper-
bound, about $5.25.
BASIC PSYCHIATRIC CONCEPTS
IN NURSING
By Charles K. Hof/ing, M.D.; Madeleine M. Leininger,
M.S.N., Ph.D.; and Elizabeth A. Bregg, R.N., B.S.
Advances in psychiatry with implications for increased
nursing responsibilities are reflected in this new edition.
Problem-solving, process recording and short and
long-term nursing goals are stressed. Nurse-patient in-
teraction is clarified by patient studies. Helpful sum-
maries follow each chapter. About 575 Pages 2nd Edi-
tion, 1967 About $7.00.
PATIENT STUDIES IN MATERNAL
AND CHILD NURSING:
A Family-Centered Student Guide
By Ann L. Clark, R.N., M.A.; Hella M. Hakerem,
R.N., M.A.; Stephanie C. Basara, R.N., M.A.; and
Diane A. Walano, R.N., M.A.
Designed for integrated maternal-child nursing courses,
this book also correlates effectively where obstetrics
and pediatrics are taught separately. Realistic patient
situations enable the student to identify the nursing
needs of mothers and children and to plan nursing
action based on her knowledge of the sciences. 305
Pages 1966 Paperbound, $5.00 Clothbound, $7.25.
MATERNITY NURSING
By Elise Fitzpatrick, R.N., M.A.; Nicholson J. East-
man, M.D.; and Sharon Reeder, R.N., M.S.
Family-centered throughout, the II th Edition has been
brought completely up-to-date. "This is the book for
which we have been waiting," writes one instructor,
"it is readable, the illustrations are excellent, and the
family-centered approach is of infinite value." 638
Pages 311 Illustrations I I th Edition, 1966 $8.00.
ESSENTIALS OF PEDIATRIC NURSING
By Florence G. Blake, R.N., M.A.; and F. Howell
Wright, M.D.
Offers the student a rich source of material on all
phases of the nursing of children, i.e., how to recog-
nize, understand, appreciate and meet the emotional,
physical and social needs of the child. Presented ac-
cording to age levels from birth to adolescence. 815
Pages 237 Illustrations 7th Edition, 1963 $8.00.
FOUNDATIONS OF PEDIATRIC NURSING
By Violet Broadribb, R.N., M.S.
A "shorter" presentation, confined to the cardinal prin-
ciples involved in the nursing of children. In this new
text the author provides commonsense guidance and
specific suggestions for nursing action. Content is struc-
tured according to age groups. About 600 Pages 1967
Paperbound, about $5.00 Clothbound, about $7.50.
For Senior Seminars
SOCIAL INTERACTION AND
PATIENT CARE
Edited by James K. Skipper, Jr., Ph.D.; and Robert C.
Leonard, Ph.D.
This well-researched book of readings serves as a link
between the social sciences and clinical practice. Its
35 articles, accompanied by editorial commentary, deal
with the nurse's role, communication, the patient's
view, structural and cultural environment, and role
conflicts. 400 Pages 1965 Paperbound $4.75.
PROFESSIONAL NURSING
Foundations, Perspectives and
Relationships
By Eugenia K. Spalding, R.N., M.A., D.H.L.; and
Lucille E. Notter, R.N., Ed.D.
This text presents the student with the essential final
step in the process of evolving into an independently
thinking and acting professional person, with a broad
view of the traditions, trends, opportunities and chal-
lenges of nursing. 684 Pages 75 Illustrations 7th Edi-
tion, 1965 $8.50.
-:::LiPPincot
60 FRONT STREET WEST, TORONTO 1, ONTARIO
Katherine E. MacLaggan
A Tribute
Katherine E. MacLaggan, president of the Canadian Nurses' Association,
and director of the School of Nursing, University of New Brunswick, died
February 6, 1967, in Saint John, New Brunswick.
Her death brings to an end a career that provided outstanding leadership in
Canadian nursing.
Dr. MacLaggan was born in Fredericton, N.H., and received her early
education and preparation as a teaoher in that city. Becoming interested in
nursing, she entered the School of Nursing of the Royal Victoria Hospital.
Montreal, and graduated in 1943. Following this, she enrolled in the McGill
School for Graduate Nurses and obtained a diploma in public health nursing in
1945. Two years later she returned to the same institution to complete require-
ments for the degree of baohelor of nursing.
In 1957 she obtained a master of arts degree from Teachers College,
Columbia University, and in 1965, a doctor of education degree from the same
university.
Dr. MacLaggan's professional experience includes staff positions at the
Royal Victoria Hospital, in industry, and in the public health nursing service
of the New Brunswick Department of Health. Prior to her appointment as the
first director of the University of New Brunswick Sohool of Nursing in 1958,
she was assistant director of public health nursing in the province and a faculty
member of Teachers' College, Fredericton.
Some nurses will remember Katherine MacLaggan as a capable, humanistic
practitioner of nursing. Others will remember her as a superb teacher, an able
administrator, an understanding counselor, and a gentlewoman of great integrity,
courage, and strength of purpose.
Many nurses of today and of future generations will remember Katherine
MacLaggan for her perceptive observations and sound recommendations
concerning nursing education. Her brilliant dissertation Portrait of Nursing:
A Plan for the Education of Nurses in the Province of New Brunswick, in
which she lucidly and forcefully set forth her philosophy of nursing and nursing
education, has already provided a goal for educators in her native province. It
is being examined with interest by educators in other provinces.
Those who knew Katherine MacLaggan well, will remember her as a person
first, and as a nurse second. She gave much of herself to many. She was never
too busy to listen to a colleague's problems over a cup of coffee, or to take a
visitor on a guided tour of her home city, Fredericton, of which she was so
proud.
In her Acceptance Address as newly-elected President of the Canadian
Nurses' Association last July, Dr. MacLaggan stated: "You have a right [as
CNA members] to demand that your president has integrity, will offer a leader-
ship subject to guidance, and will make decisions and bear the consequences...."
This integrity she had. This leadership she gave.
The President continued: "Our conflict no longer concerns the problems
themselves; it concerns the status quo versus change. It is a delusion to think
that change can be avoided... The luxury of delay has disappeared. I ask you
to provide, on every occasion, what is necessary to the implementation of an
idea whose time has come.
"If decisions, or policies, or laws, or persons prove to be inadequate to the
ongoing scheme of things, remember that these are not forever and can be
changed at the next time of decision taking. What remain forever are: intellectual
honesty, values, courage, action and results."
This was her philosophy.
26 THE CANADIAN NURSE
MARCH 1967
\
.
. .
MARCH 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 27
Telegrams Expressed Grief...
Immediately following the untimely death of Katherine E. MacLagsan,
President of the Canadian Nurses' Association, many expressions of sympathy
were received at National Office.
From individuals
"Our sympathy and prayers go out to you. .. at this
sad time. Katherine's great contribution to nursing in
Canada will remain always a tribute to her name. -
Penny Stiver." (Former Executive Director, Canadian
Nurses' Association.)
". . . I share your sorrow. At the same time, I asso-
ciate myself with wider groups in nursing nationally and
internationally, in grateful tribute to Katherine E. Mac-
Laggan's magnificent contribution in leadership, vision,
and courage. - Dorothy Percy, Ottawa." (Former Chief
Nursing Consultant, Department of National Health and
Welfare.)
"To the nurses of Canada, deepest sympathy on the
great loss in death of your President. - Lucy D. Ger-
main, Assistant Director, Pennsylvania Hospital, Phila-
delphia." (Former Executive Director of the American
Journal of Nursing Company.)
From hospital and university staff
"On behalf of all nursing staff... we convey... our
profound regret at the loss of Dr. Katherine E. Mac-
Laggan, our National President. We were keenly aware of
and proud of her professional stature. For those now
entrusted with providing continuity for the task to which
she brought such distinction, we offer our deepest sym-
pathy and support. - Helen D. Penney, Director of
Nursing, Central Newfoundland Hospital, Grand Falls,
Nfld."
"Sincere condolences on the death of Dr. Katherine E.
MacLaggan, CNA President. Miss R. Cunningham,
Director, School of Nursing, St. Paul's Hospital, Van-
couver, B. C."
"Please accept our sincere condolences on the death
of our Association President, Dr. Katherine E. MacLag-
gan. - Faculty, Misericordia School of Nursing, Win-
nipeg, Manitoba."
"The Faculty and Students. . . extend. . . to the Can-
adian Nurses' Association their sincere sympathy in the
loss of one who has contributed so much to nursing. -
Lillian Brady, Director of Nursing Education. Halifax
Infirmary School of Nursing, Halifax, N.S."
"Personnally and on behalf of the nursing staff of
the University of Alberta Hospital, I extend sincere
sympathy. - M. Geneva Purcell, Director of Nursing.
University of Alberta Hospita1."
"The board and staff... express their sympathy to
the Canadian Nurses' Association in the death of their
president, Dr. Katherine E. MacLaggan. - Director of
Nursing. Moose Jaw Union Hospital, Moose Jaw, Sask."
"Very sensitive to your loss. Sympathy and prayers.
- Sister Françoise Robert and Faculty, School of Nurs-
ing, University of Ottawa."
From government personnel
"We join the nurses of this and other countries in
28 THE CANADIAN NURSE
paying tribute to Katherine MacLaggan. We join her
friends and family in gratitude for her life and in sorrow
for her death. Our sincere sympathies. - Senior Nursing
Officers of the Department of National Health and
Welfare."
"The Deputy Minister and Officials of the Department
of Health join me in extending to you. .. sincere con-
dolences on your great loss. - Stephen H. Weyman,
M.D., Minister of Health, Province of New Brunswick."
"Most sincere regrets from administrative and nursing
staff on death of Dr. Katherine E. MacLaggan. Her
efforts in the field of nursing will exert a lasting influence
in Canada and internationally. - O.H. Curtis, M.D.,
C.M., D.P.H., Deputy Minister of Health, Province of
Prince Edward Island."
From associations
"Sincere condolences. .. Katherine MacLaggan was a
great lady and a distinguished leader in Canadian nurs-
ing. - President and Members, Association of Nurses
of the Province of Quebec."
"Our heartfelt sympathy on the death of Dr. Kathe-
rine E. MacLaggan. - Nurses of the Labrador City
Wabush Chapter, Labrador."
"Deeply regret to learn of the death of your Presi-
dent. Dr. Katherine MacLaggan was a most dedicated
educator and leader. Her presence will be surely missed.
- Chaiker Abbis, President, Canadian Hospital As-
sociation."
"Regret untimely passing of Katherine E. MacLaggan
who made unique contribution to nursing education and
the national organization. - M.T. MacFarland, M.D., Re-
gistrar, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Winnipeg,
Manitoba. "
"The deepest regrets of our Association on the death
of your President. - W.C. Sinnott, Secretary, Hospital
Association of Prince Edward Island."
"The ANA grieves with you over the untimely death
of Katherine E. MacLaggan, well known to us for her
forward-looking and progressive leadership in nursing.
We extend our deepest sympathy with the sad realiza-
tion that your loss is our loss too. - Judith G. Whitaker,
Executive Director, American Nurses Association, New
York. "
"Deepest sympathy to the Canadian Nurses' Associa-
tion and to all Canadian nurses on the death of Presi-
dent Katherine E. MacLaggan. Am notifying ICN mem-
ber associations. - Sheila Quinn, Deputy Executive
Director, International Council of Nurses, Geneva, Swit-
zerland. "
"The members of the Association of Nurses of Prince
Edward Island share with you at CNA Headquarters
a great personal loss in the early death of our President,
Dr. Katherine E. MacLaggan. - Helen L. Bolger,
Executive Secretary Registrar, ANPEI."
MARCH 1967
The disparity in health standards bet-
ween the Arctic and southern Canada
has prompted a committee of the Cana-
dian Pediatric Society to study the
Eskimo health problems, and to make
suggestions as to how pediatricians can
cooperate with and support the pro-
grams presently being carried out by
the Northern Health Services of the
Department of Health and Welfare. As
a result, in July of 1965, The Montreal
Children's Hospital started to send a
senior pediatric resident each month
to serve in the new 28-bed hospital at
Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island.
A harsh land
The health problems of the arctic
must be considered in relation to th\':
geography, climate, and the history of
its people. The 1,253,000 square miles
of land comprising the Northwest Terri-
tories equal the combined area of the
Atlantic Provinces, Quebec, Ontario,
and Manitoba. Distance alone creates
a problem in survival. In the Eastern
Arctic (Baffin and Ellesmere Islands)
Precambrian rocks form mountains,
often divided by glaciers, which rise to
10,000 feet and fall in spectacular
cliffs into majestic fjords. The vegeta-
tion consists only of lichens, mosses
and a few shrubs.
In this land, the dog sled or skidoo
is useful only on the coastal areas
during the winter. Effective transporta-
tion of men and materials depends on
the airplane in winter, and on coastal
vessels during the short summer.
MARCH 1967
Medical care of
Eskimo children
Small northern hospitals now have something new - a pediatric resident.
N. Steinmetz, M.D.
During break-up and freeze-up most
transportation comes to a standstill,
although some of the larger settlements
have landing strips on firm soil. Radio
is still the chief means of communica-
tion.
The climate makes severe demands
on housing and clothing. Great skill is
required to live off the land. Between
November and February it is genuinely
cold, the temperature falling to minus
30-40 degrees F, and only in June,
July and August does the average tem-
perature rise to 40-45 degrees F. Strong
winds and blowing snow are the chief
hazards in overland travel.
A hard life
Traditionally, all the Eskimos lived
along the coast in family units, and
moved to follow the game upon which
their survival depended. Starting as
early as 1000 A.D., but mainly between
the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries,
they had increasing contact with white
explorers. During the 1800's they dealt
with whalers, fur traders, and mission-
aries. Gradually they settled near
trading posts as the latter developed,
and sought employment there. The
white man established these settlements
according to criteria that satisfied his
own requirements.
The town of Frobisher Bay, for ex-
ample, was never an Eskimo settle-
Dr. Steinmetz is pediatric resident at The
Montreal Children's Hospital, and particip-
ated in the program at Frobisher Bay.
ment. In 1914 the Hudson Bay Com-
pany established a trading post else-
where on the Bay. In 1942, the United
States built a military airfield in Fro-
bisher, obviously because it was a good
place to have an airfield, not because
the area was a good hunting ground.
Of the approximately 3,000 Eskimos in
the Eastern Arctic, nearly one-half of
them now live in Frobisher Bay, which
is for them an artificial location. Here,
as in other such settlements, the men
find little opportunity to use their
special skills for hunting and arctic
survival. Consequently these skills are
as foreign to the new generation as
they are to us. The Royal Canadian
Mounted Police now teach Eskimo
Boy Scouts how to make igloos.
Education, as we know it, is now
being provided to children, but the
percentage of the population over 15
years of age without schooling is re-
markably high - 34 percent in the
North West Territories compared with
1.4 percent in the rest of Canada.! The
birth rate is more than twice that of
the rest of Canada; the under-four-
years age-group comprises the largest
group of the Eskimo population in the
Eastern Arctic. Hence the interest of
Canadian pediatricians in improving
the medical care of these people.
Pediatric care essential
The economic situation is such that
a bare, prefabricated, one-room dwel-
ling (4 walls, 1 roof, 2 windows) costs
$1000, a gallon of fuel oil costs 60ç, a
THE CANADIAN NURSE 29
30 THE CANADIAN NURSE
--.......
#
J
,
.
'-
gallon of water 1
. The per capita
income of the northern Eskimo is $426
per year compared to $1,734 for the
rest of Canada.:! Under these conditions
it is difficult to build an environment
conducive to good health. Diseases that
could be prevented by education, im-
proved living standards, and accessibili-
ty of treatment still take a huge toll in
life.
The task of providing effective me-
dical care to this scattered population
is presently being attempted by the 28-
bed Frobisher Bay Hospital under three
doctors, by the 28-bed missionary
hospital in Pangnirtung, which is staffed
by three very able nurses, by several
nursing stations, and by lay dispensers
in small outposts.
The infant death rate per 1000 live
births is 6
times that for the rest of
Canada, and the death rate for children
one to four years of age is 15 times
that for the rest of Canada. 3
Death Rates for Infants Under I Year
of Age - Per 100,000 Live Births. 4
NWT P.Q. Canada
Lower Respiratory
Tract Infection 5458 473 434
Gastroenteritis 1463 153 120
--'-
The death rate of female children
is significantly greater than that for
males.
Three out of five children are born
at home, delivered by women who have
learned the art from their ancestors.
Pre-and postnatal care, as we know it,
is difficult to provide for such a far-
flung population.
Simple diseases have serious effects
Among the greatest causes of death
in infants under one year of age are
lower respiratory tract infections and
gastroenteritis, each 12
and 12 times
as common as in the rest of Canada. II
These figures all look very dramatic,
but it must be remembered that they
have to be interpreted with care, due
to the small number of the population.
The Eskimos living on the trading
post no longer have easy access to
their native diet, and cannot afford nor
know how to choose a balanced diet
MARCH 1967
from the variety of foods available in
the white man's stores. All too often
potato chips and soft drinks form a dis-
proportionate amount of their pur-
chase. As a result malnutrition is mani-
fested by the appearance of vitamin D
deficiency, rickets, and iron deficiency
anemia. These diseases are not seen in
the more remote camps where raw
meat is the staple diet-
Impetigo, upper respiratory tract in-
fections, and draining ears are common-
place. Our experience suggests that in
the Eastern Arctic there is a relation-
ship between middle ear disease and
social conditions. as was demonstrated
by Cambon et al 6 in the Western
Arctic.
Several epidemics of viral disease
have been recorded. 7 They have been
more severe in remote areas than in
more concentrated populations where
immunological resistance is higher.
With this in mind, a widespread pro-
gram of measles vaccination has re-
cently been undertaken by the Northern
Health Service.
Memophilus influenza and meningo-
coccal meningitis have been reported
to occur more frequently than in the
rest of Canada. In Frobisher Bay we
have seen five to seven cases per month
whereas the average from a much larger
population at The Montreal Children's
Hospital is 4.4 cases per month. Poor
housing. inadequate nutrition in settle-
ments, and resulting decreased resistan-
ce are likely contributory causes.
Chronic disease is common
The increasing influx of transient
laborers has been associated with a
rising incidence of venereal disease in
adolescents.
Routine chest roentgenograms of
Eskimo children referred to The Mon-
treal Children's Hospital for various
reasons have frequently demonstrated
a diffuse chronic non-tuberculous lung
disease. Clinically, the child mayor may
not cough, and sometimes no adventi-
tious sounds are heard on auscultation.
The significance of these findings is
not known, nor is the cause or course.
Tuberculosis has been a problem in
the Eskimo population only since the
MARCH 1967
second half of the 1800's, when con-
tact with whalers, trappers, and traders
became established. As late as 1955-57
Schaefer 8 estimated that 5- 1 0 percent
of all Eskimos reached by the Eastern
Arctic Patrol had to be evacuated for
treatment of active tuberculosis. A vi-
gorous program of BCG vaccination.
case finding, and treatment is reducing
this problem.
A. new frontier
The government departments dealing
with Canada's northland have made
great strides in recent years in improv-
ing living and health standards of the
Eskimo, and in providing education
and training. However, much remains
to be done. In the same spirit in which
other Canadian university centers have
initiated medical services in the North, *
so The Montreal Children's Hospital is
sending its residents to Frobisher Bay.
Here they are responsible for those
children requiring special medical care,
and as a result are often able to reduce
evacuations for treatment.
The residents run two well-baby
clinics a week, and work in the out-
patients department every afternoon.
An important aspect of their work is
the provision of follow-up care to those
children who have returned from The
Montreal Children's Hospital after
having been treated there. Thus, com-
munication between the two hospitals
has improved greatly. We hope that by
complementing the work of the North-
ern Health Service, their presence will
improve the medical care of Eskimo
children.
The project has already proven its
worth as a training experience by de-
monstrating how much can be achieved
far away from a sophisticated medical
center. Residents are more intimately
involved with the family and the child's
home. Much interest in the medical
problems of the Arctic is already being
*Queen's University, Kingston, Ont., sends
interns to Moose Factory in Northern On-
tario, and the University of Alberta pro-
vides intern service for the Inuvik area at
the mouth of the Mackenzie River in the
Northwest Territories.
stimulated as a result of this contact.
In summary, we "Southerners" have
been responsible for disturbing the
ecology of the Arctic. We have tempted
the Eskimo with our way of life, and
made him dependent on our technolo-
gy. As these programs of medical
service mature, we hope they will help
to restore the new generation to better
health. This done, the Eskimo will be
able to benefit from the training and
education that can equip him to parti-
cipate in our civilization.
References
l. The Northwest Territories Today. A re-
ference paper for the Advisory commis-
sion on the Development of Govern-
ment in the Northwest Territories. Ot-
tawa, Queen's Printer, 1965, p. 18.
2. Ibid., p. 123.
3. Ibid., p. 19.
4. Dominion Bureau of Statistics. Vital
Statistics 84-202 (1960) Ottawa, Queen's
Printer, 1962.
5. Ibid.
6. Cambon, K., Galbraith, J.D., and Kong,
G. Middle Ear Disease in Indians of
the Mount Currie Reservation, British
Columbia. CMAJ, 93: 1301, 1965.
7. Schaeffer, Otto, Medical Observations
and Problems in the Canadian Arctic.
CMAJ. 81: 248, 1959.
8. Ibid. 0
THE CANADIAN NURSE 31
Nursing in
the North
Nuning on Conodo's modern-doy
frontier offen 0 wide voriety
of experience ond numerous
opportunities. Nunes ore essentiol
in bringing 0 heolth program
to the vast northern area of
Canada where geography is the
single greatest enemy of health.
32 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Health care to the more than 200,000
residents scattered over 3,500,000 square
miles of territory is provided by the
Medical Services Branch of the Department
of National Health and Welfare.
Over 800 nurses, working in hospitals or
from nursing stations and health centers
located in trading posts and settlements,
meet the challenge of providing
comprehensive, community-type health
programs - even such programs
as managing your first two-wheeler.
,
,
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The northern nurse's responsibilities include
communicable disease control;
immunization programs; health supervision
and teaching through home visits,
child-health, pre- and postnatal clinics;
and health consultant in home,
school and community.
This 28-bed hospital at Frobisher Bay
is one of 16 hospitals maintained
by the Medical Services Branch.
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MARCH 1967
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The hospitals conform to federal standards
and are built in accord with the north's
special needs. They are well-equipped and
are far from primitive.
Outpost nursing stations, 42 of them, ure
located in isolated areas that hal'e no
resident physician. Two nurses, one well-
qualified in obstetrical nursing, and one
with public health preparation, staff
these centers for emergency care and
n'acuation of the seriously ill.
':!'
Visiting nurses work mainly from health
clinics in semi-isolated centers. The nurse
in the north tral'els by any means al'ailable:
plane, canoe, dog-team, fishing boat,
and, where there are roads, car.
School health IS one aspect of the total
community program. The nurse and teacher
work together to strengthen home and
school health.
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Winter working dress for the public health
nurses includes a nath'e parka and ski
outfit. A new uniform is being made up
and will include a dress suit, topcoat,
slack outfit, and ski suit. D
MARCH 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 33
During the last half-dozen years, the
School of Nursing and the Medical
School at Dalhousie University have
become aware that nurses serving in
the remote, sparsely populated areas
of Canada's Northland are required to
provide ca:e far beyond the horizons
defined by nursing education in Cana-
da. Dr. Robert C. Dickson, Professor
of Medicine at Dalhousie University
Medical School, and others have had
opportunity for travel and observation
in the Canadian North, and a liaison
has developed between the University
and one organization providing north-
ern health services.
Everywhere in the North the provi-
sion of health services tends to follow
one general pattern. Regional hospitals,
preferably with several doctors, are
surrounded by satellite nursing stations
staffed by one or more nurses. Trans-
portation, usually by air, is provided
from the satellite nursing station to the
regional hospital when weather condi-
tions permit, and some sort of radio
communication is maintained between
them.
The nursing stations vary in size and
facilities offered, but they serve as a
center for the health program through-
out the surrounding district, providing
outpatient clinics at the nursing station,
a few beds for inpatients, and a public
health program. A midwifery service is
provided, and there are beds and
bassinets in the station for obstetrical
patients. Initial care for seriously ill
patients awaiting transport to the re-
34 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Outpost nursing
A new program at Dalhousie University helps prepare nurses for positions in
remote areas of the North.
Ruth E. May, B.A., R.N., CM.
gional hospital is given in the station, if
possible under the radio direction of a
doctor at the nearest hospital.
A lack of doctors
It is obvious that a nurse at a
northern nursing station will be pro-
viding services which fall within the
prerogative of a doctor in other parts
of Canada. Although a doctor may
visit from time to time and be available
for some radio consultation, many of
the nurse's day-by-day activities will
require judgment and skill beyond the
scope of what we normally consider
to be nursing.
It is impossible to provide doctors
now at this level; there are simply not
enough available. Moreover, a familiar-
Miss May is the newly appointed Lecturer
in Outpost Nursing at the Dalhousie Uni-
versity School of Nursing. She holds a B.A.
degree from Wellesley College, Wellesley.
Mass., and is a graduate of the Massachu-
setts General Hospital School of Nursing
in Boston. She received her midwifery
preparation at the Frontier Nursing Service
Graduate School of Midwifery in Kentucky,
and has served for a number of years with
the International Grenfell Association in
northern Newfoundland and Labrador. For
the past eight years she has been nurse-
in-charge of the nursing station and sur-
rounding district at Mary's Harbour, Labra-
dor, an area in which about 1500 Labra-
dor fishermen live. Miss May has also been
a member of Nurses' Christian Fellowship.
ity with this type of service leads one
to feel that doctors should not be used
at this grass roots level even if they
were available. The total population
served by one of these stations is small
and often widely scattered. There is
little to attract a doctor professionally.
Diagnostic facilities are of necessity
very limited in a station of this size.
Any surgery requiring general anesthe-
sia, no matter how minor, is usually
not possible as there is normally no one
qualified to give anesthesia safely. A
very large number of the doctor's pa-
tients would need to be referred to the
regional hospital, often not because the
doctor lacked the medical background
to care for them, but because the re-
quisite facilities would be lacking.
[s it reasonable, one asks, for a per-
son educated amid all the intricacies of
latter twentieth century medicine to
work where it is impossible for him to
use a considerable portion of the know-
ledge he has acquired and where
further professional growth is neal1Y
impossible? How much better for him
to serve as a member of a medical
team at a regional hospital and for
specially prepared nurses to continue
to serve at the nursing station level.
As a familiarity with northern facil-
ities developed, one fact became in-
escapable. A large number of the
nurses serving in northern nursing sta-
tions are either foreign born or foreign
educated. This pattern developed es-
sentially because it was desirable for
these nurses to have formal preparation
MARCH 1967
in midwifery, and such preparation is
difficult to obtain on this side of the
Atlantic. Gradually a conviction arose
that facilities should be provided in
Canada to help Canadian girls wishing
to work in remote areas of the North.
We hear much these days about the
responsibility of the highly developed
nations to the developing areas of the
world and the personal rewards of this
"Peace Corps" type of service. Why
not a plan to prepare Canadian nurses
for service in the isolated areas of the
Canadian North, a plan which would
include preparation not only in mid-
wifery but in all the areas where the
nurse is required to function beyond
the scope of nursing elsewhere in
Canada.
A new program is born
Thus the Outpost Nursing Program
at Dalhousie was born. The entire fac-
ulty of the School of Nursing and
key persons at the University Medical
I School have been most enthusiastic. A
program extending over two calendar
years has been planned and will be di-
rected by a member of the University
School of Nursing faculty who is a
qualified midwife with an extensive
background of northern service at the
nursing station level.
The first class, to be admitted in
September, 1967, will be limited to
eight students, as the clinical experience
will be highly individualized with in-
tensive tutorial type teaching maintain-
ed in all areas. Applicants must be
graduate nurses and are asked to have
completed at least one year of pro-
fessional nursing experience. Prepara-
tion in public health nursing, a vital
area in northern service, will be inte-
grated throughout the program, and a
university diploma in public health
nursing as well as a diploma in outpost
nursing will be awarded at the comple-
tion of the program. Within the next
year or two a shortened course for
students who already have preparation
in public health nursing will be devised.
Students will spend their first year
in Halifax. Lectures and seminars in
basic public health nursing will be
provided during this year and also
clinical teaching within the areas of
general medicine, surgery, pediatrics,
and midwifery. Some lectures in ma-
teria medica and some basic laboratory
experience will be included. Three
teaching hospitals in Halifax have of-
fered clinical resources most enthu-
siastically for the students, and
clinical teaching and experience will
be carried out there, primarily at
the bedside, under the direction of
medical school personnel working in
cooperation with the lecturer in outpost
nursing. Opportunity will be given for
MARCH 1967
the student to develop some skill in
basic physical examination and also in
various specific procedures such as the
starting of intravenous infusions, su-
turing, and the opening of superficial
abscesses.
The second year will consist of an
internship under the direction of the
University in a northern setting, using
selected hospitals and nursing stations
of the International Grenfell Associa-
tion and the Department of National
Health and Welfare. The students will
spend half of this year exclusively
within the area of midwifery at St.
Anthony Hospital, St. Anthony, New-
foundland. The remainder of the year
will provide further teaching and su-
pervised experience in public health
nursing and in clinical medicine, sur-
gery, and pediatrics. Opportunity will
also be given for the students to de-
velop some skill in routine dental
extractions.
Midwifery emphasized
Particular care has been given to the
development of the midwifery section
of the program. A comprehensive nine-
month experience has been arranged
with three months during the first year
in Halifax and the remainder during
the internship year. Lectures will be
given by the lecturer in outpost nursing
and the obstetrical staffs of the hospi-
tals involved.
Each student will have the opportu-
nity to care for in labor, and to deliver,
approximately 30 to 40 women. Op-
portunity to evaluate, follow, and con-
tribute to the care of patients with
abnormal courses will be provided.
There will be extensive experience in
antenatal clinics with emphasis on
patient and family teaching. During the
internship, when travel permits, there
will be a program of weekly home
visits to mothers and babies following
discharge from hospital.
Experience in postpartum care and
management of the normal newborn
and premature infant will be provided.
As in all the clinical areas, teaching
and supervision will be individualized
on a tutorial pattern.
This experience will use as a found-
ation the three months in obstetrical
nursing that students receive in their
basic nursing education program. Al-
though basic obstetrical nursing is not
midwifery, it does serve as a very useful
background, and some lectures review-
ing and expanding this material will be
given before the students embark on
their full-time midwifery experience.
At the end of the program, there-
fore, the students will have completed
a total of one year within the overall
area, three months during the basic
nursing course, and nine months during
the outpost nursing program. This has
been arranged to be equivalent not
only in time but also in content with
the British pattern of midwifery pre-
paration, and the University feels that
graduates of the program can be ex-
pected to function at the same level of
competence. It is hoped that the esta-
blishment of this experience will re-
present a significant achievement in the
history of nursing education in Canada.
Constant emphasis throughout the
entire program will be given to the
early recognition and evalution of sig-
nificant illness and potential threats
to the well-being of the patient and his
family. The nurse must learn to initiate
treatment or transfer the patient to a
hospital before an emergency situation
develops; one of her aims must be to
prevent the development of emergency
situations in isolated nursing stations
whenever this is possible. However,
there will be discussions of reasonable
plans of action in unavoidable or un-
predicted emergencies when medical
aid or transport to hospital is not im-
mediately available.
Considerable thought has been given
to the identification of those functions
and procedures that can be taught
safely to nurses and to those that she
should avoid. h is essential that the
students be taught to recognize and
respect their limitations. It should be
noted, also, that it is never intended
for these students to use the specific
skills developed within this program in
other areas of Canada where such care
is provided by resident doctors.
Arduous, but rewarding
The type of northern service for
which this program in outpost nursing
seeks to prepare nurses is arduous, and
nurses considering service of this sort
should face the demands realistically.
There are likely to be emergency
situations and tragedies that must
sometimes be met and accepted alone.
Many of the common amenities of
twentieth century living will be lacking.
There can be periods of drudgery and
loneliness; in due time the glamor is
likely to fade. However, those who
have steeped themselves in this work
have found the rewards far outweighing
the demands. There will always be a
tremendous challenge and satisfaction
in attempting to provide the best
possible service to those whose birth-
right has included so much less than
ours.
Hundreds of years ago Jesus said to
a group of his friends,
"In so far as you rendered such
services to one of the humblest of
these my brethren, you rendered
them to myself." - Matthew 25:
40, (Weymouth). D
THE CANADIAN NURSE 35
Drug dependency research -
expensive luxury or necessary
commodity?
Mood-changing drugs and their
effects on those who ingest them have
received much attention during the
past few years. Drugs hold a special
fascination - they at once attract and
repel. Purveyors of juicy newspaper
headlines, spicy television programs,
lurid tales, are guaranteed a market.
However, whatever sensational quali-
ties drugs may have, only serious study
will enhance our knowledge to the
point where fact rather than fancy will
prevail.
Research, for the most part, is not
sensational. Unless some spectacular
scientific breakthrough is achieved, it
does not merit newspaper headlines.
It is often forgotten that behind each
striking discovery are years and years
of quiet and often frustrating research
and experimentation. Serendipity is
indeed rare!
Fortunately, more and more quali-
fied researchers are now studying
mood-changing drugs and their physio-
logical, pharmacological, psychological
and sociological effects. To be sure,
one meets the very people who are part
of interesting tales told, but the collec-
tion of factual data is an expensive,
time-consuming and, at times, very
tedious process. Nor are research re-
ports recommended bedtime reading
unless perhaps for quick sleep induce-
ment. For research into drug depen-
dency must embrace such mundane
matters as prevention, pharmacology,
epidemiology, treatment, and legisla-
tion. and must assure a systematic ac-
36 THE CANADIAN NURSE
In drug dependency research, the questions are still more
plentiful than the answers.
Ingeborg Paulus
cumulation of general knowledge. It
therefore has to draw on various dis-
ciplines to make it less of a riddle to
those engaged in preventing and fight-
ing a disease that seems to take on new
shapes as more and more mood-
changing drugs become known and
available for experimentation.
NAF research program
The Narcotic Addiction Foundation
of British Columbia (NAF) was found-
ed in September, 1955, with the objec-
tive "to develop a research, treatment,
rehabilitation and education program."
Many obstacles prevented the develop-
ment of all goals simultaneously. Con-
sequently it was not possible until the
end of 1964 to start the development
of a research program.
Research should include a thorough
examination of the many-faceted as-
pects of drug dependency and abuse.
Lack of financial resources have, to
date, prevented the NAF from doing
other than rudimentary medical and
sociological research. We have been
engaged in sociological research for
two years. Some projects are finished,
some are in progress, and some are in
the planning stages. The following is
a short account of research undertaken
by the NAF.
Miss Paulus is Research Associate with
the Narcotic Addiction Foundation of British
Columbia. Vancouver. B. C.
Past endeavors
Information Collection on the NAF
PatienJ Population
Any research calls for the accumu-
lation of a body of data that lends
itself to manipulation. That is, if data
are to be meaningfully interpreted they
must be complete rather than frag-
mentary; they must be ordered into
some meaningful categories rather than
be a haphazard mess; and they must
be accurate. The collection of this kind
of data is not always easy. It is further
complicated when the respondent is
a patient who quite often comes for
help only when he is drugged, agitated,
or in the process of withdrawal; in
other words, when his reasoning and
memory frequently are impaired.
This, then, was a first task: to
devise a suitable form for collecting
necessary information during the intake
process, which would provide up-to-
date knowledge of our patient popula-
tion. Data on socioeconomic character-
istics such as age, sex, marital status,
education, etc., are now easily checked.
We can get immediate information on
our patients' origin, period of addic-
tion and criminal record, accumulated
either prior or subsequent to addiction.
Apart from knowing something about
the NAF treatment population, this
kind of information is used to devise
prevention and treatment methods.
Treatment Results
One of the primary functions of the
staff at the NAF is to treat and reha-
MARCH 1967
bilitate its patients. How do we know
whether or not our methods actually
produce the desired results? One way
is to compare two similar groups -
one following a specific treatment
program, the other not. After a suitable
time lapse, the two groups can be
followed up and the effects of treat-
ment measured and assessed. The re-
sults of such a study may be inconclu-
sive, yet they may give clues to success-
ful treatment approaches. Unfortun-
ately, this type of prospective treatment
assessment study is time-consuming. It
may be five or six years before suffi-
cient data are available for drawing
conclusions that can be generalized
over a larger population. Moreover,
ethical considerations may prevent this
type of research. Is one justified to
treat some patients and not others?
What criteria for selection should one
employ? These are very serious ques-
tions that the treatment team must
answer before such a study can be
started.
Retrospective follow-up studies are,
at best, compromises. One has a group
of patients treated some years ago; to
find out what has happenned to these
patients since their treatment is diffi-
cult, since the necessary controls are
lacking. If a considerable number of
patients had improved, one would not
be justified in attributing this to the
treatment, for other factors, including
time, may have been equally important
in bringing about a change.
At the NAF we were faced with a
unique situation. In 1963, Dr. R. Halli-
day, past clinical director, decided to
change the drug addiction treatment
radically from that usually practiced in
North America, by maintaining selected
patients on small doses of metha-
done for anywhere from 4 to 52 +
week periods. At the same time the
NAF continued treating a portion of
its patients by giving them regular,
12-day withdrawals, in conjunction
with the standard social work, psy-
chiatric, and medical treatment given
to all patients.
We could compare the two treatment
populations and assess results, but we
could not assess the effectiveness of
either type of treatment. Since one
treatment was quite different from any
practiced during the past 40 years, we
decided to do a retrospective follow-up
study. As expected, the results of the
study were inconclusive, but they did
give an impetus to planning a long-
range prospective study. Without the
retrospective study, we might not have
learned anything. By doing it, we
gained at least enough knowledge to
guide us in the future.
Briefly, the study suggested that
older patients responded more favor-
MARCH 1967
ably to either type of treatment. Age
seemed to be the most important vari-
able, influencing change in a positive
direction. For patients over 50 years
of age, in particular, the prolonged
methadone treatment program indi-
cated promising results..
From what we were able to learn,
we concluded that the NAF is serving
the community by maintaining all pa-
tients over 50 years on a narcotic
drug. It seems that various processes
(to be investigated shortly) take place
in addicts' lives that can best be de-
scribed as "maturing-out of narcotic
addiction" (a term coined by Dr. Char-
les Winick, director, program in drug
dependence and abuse of the American
Social Health Association). But these
processes seem to fail for a consider-
able portion of the addict population.
This portion seems to be unable to
function without some chemical help.
To offset the detrimental aspects of
the illegal procurement of drugs, a
maintenance-treatment program seems
an economical choice. As yet, we do
not know what kind of treatment is
indicated for younger addict patients.
We feel that only new experimental
approaches will help us further.
Present research
Barbiturates
During the past few years, we have
noted several changes in drug abuse
patterns. First, increasingly more
heroin addicts are using barbiturates,
either alone or in conjunction with
their heroin or methadone intake. We
noted a rapid increase in barbiturate
consumption especially among women.
We postulated various hypotheses for
this change in drug abuse patterns,
which we were testing on a sample of
our patients. The major hypothesis that
the supplementation of heroin with
barbiturates is mainly an economic
necessity was confirmed. Furthermore,
the easy availability of barbiturates also
contributes to their heavy abuse.
We know that the abuse of barbitur-
ates and amphetamines is not limited
to heroin addicts. Unfortunately, our
resources do not allow us to undertake
an investigation into these drug abuses.
A strong necessity for research into this
problem exists, but it is fraught with
difficulties. The result is that very few
accounts other than "popular press"
articles are available to bring this
serious abuse, with its detrimental phy-
sical and social consequences, to the
l
.--
,.
I
. Ingeborg Paulus, "A comparative Study
of Long-term and Short-term Withdrawal of
Narcotic Addicts Voluntarily Seeking Com-
prehensive Treatment," Vancouver, B. C..
The Narcotic Addiction Foundation of
British Columbia, April, 1966.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 37
"
..
,
\
\
\
attention of an uninformed public.
Psychetklics
At the present time, there seems to
be an insatiable demand for accounts of
the dangers and delights associated
with the marijuana (cannabis sativa)
and LSD-25 (lysergic acid diethylamide)
cult. As expected, the popular press
has taken the lead in "informing" the
public about this cult. Speculations and
half-truths fill page after page. Factual
research is time-consuming, and before
responsible findings are released, the
myths surrounding these drugs seem to
overshadow the realities. It becomes
increasingly difficult, even for the wary
researcher, to separate fact from fancy.
The NAF study is especially interest-
ed in distinguishing between the drug
abuser and the isolated young ex-
perimenter. It seems to be part of the
follies, and perhaps the privileges of
youth, to taste some of the forbidden
fruits of life. Thus we are trying to
determine who the young people are
who are so attracted to psychedelic
drugs that they risk incarceration and
a criminal record just to partake of
these forbidden "pleasures."
We must ask such questions as: Will,
in a few years from now, our clinic be
overrun with narcotic drug users who
started on their road to addiction via
the psychedelics? Or will the use of
psychedelics be a fad with no direct
consequences as far as our future treat-
ment population is concerned? Will
this group of drug abusers need treat-
ment at all? Or will it need treatment,
but different from that required by the
heroin addict? In other words, we are
trying to find present facts on which
to base future actions and policies.
Planned research
From our past endeavors we are
perhaps able to answer some questions;
but our questions are still more plenti-
ful than our answers.
Prospective Treatment Follow-up
Study
One issue to be investigated, which
arose out of the retrospective follow-
up study, is the effectiveness of the
38 THE CANADIAN NURSE
present treatment the NAF is able to
give. The retrospective follow-up study
could not answer this question, because
we had no untreated population as a
control. It did, however, enable us to
formulate a treatment-research pro-
gram. The proposed study will be very
expensive; therefore, its realization is
dependent on financial support present-
ly being sought.
Natural History of Addiction
A less expensive but no less impor-
tant project involves the investigation
of the natural history of addiction. By
questioning the addict and from ac-
cumulated records, we want to dis--
cover: who the addict was before he
started to use drugs; the deciding fac-
tors that made him experiment with
any kind of drug; the unpleasant re-
alities he was trying to escape; what
happened once he started to use drugs;
the length of the drug-use span; and
what made him stop using drugs. In
other words, what does an addict
career entail? Does it come to a natural
or unnatural end? And, once ended,
what then?
Goal: Prevention of abuse
When we have answered some of
these questions, we might be able to
launch a more effective campaign of
drug abuse prevention. This, we feel,
merits our greatest efforts. Although it
is essential to know how best to treat
addicts. it is much more essential and
also less expensive to prevent drug ex-
perimentation and abuse. The com-
petition for tax-payers' dollars to
prevent and cure society's various ills
is heavy. The more we learn how to
prevent these ills, the more funds will
be available to enrich all of our lives.
It may seem that in view of the pres-
sing demands for treatment, research is
an expensive luxury; but viewed in the
light of its long-term benefits, research
is one of the most necessary commodi-
ties when dealing with the riddle of
drug dependency and abuse. D
MARCH 1967
For some years there has been con-
siderable controversy as to the validity
- or even morality - of using nar-
cotic drugs in the treatment and reha-
bilitation of narcotic drug addicts. To
many people the concept that addicts
can be treated or cured appears naïve,
or even ludicrous; follow-up statistics
from various treatment centers are
quoted to indicate that the vast major-
ity of addicts following treatment, in
or out of prison, quickly relapse to
their former way of life, that is, to
criminal behavior or prostitution, as
well as to the use of narcotic and other
addicting drugs.
On the other hand, there are those
who commend what they term the
"British system" of treating addicts.
They conclude that the relatively small
number of addicts in Britain (about
753 according to the British Ministry
of Health report, 1965)1 is due to this
supposed method of treating addicts
there. When compared with Canada's
known addict population of 3,573 in
1965,2 (in a population of 20 million
as compared with Britain's population
of more than 50 million) it may seem
that there is something about the legal
and medical management of addicts in
Britain that we in Canada might study
and adopt to our advantage.
No "system" in Britain
When one takes a closer look at the
situation in Britain, a number of facts
become apparent. First, there is in
reality no "system" of treating addicts
MARCH 1967
Use of narcotics
addict therapy
.
In
Treatment of persons addicted to narcotics is frequently a dismal failure. The
question of the role of narcotic drugs in the treatment of such persons
still remains unanswered.
Robert Halliday, M.B., D.P.M.
in Britain if, by system, one means:
that all addicts are given narcotics
regularly in the course of treatment;
that the government has clinics to
which addicts may go for treatment;
or that all drug addicts are registered
and, once registered, are automatically
placed on a narcotic for an indefinite
period, or even for life.
Further, when one considers the law
relating to the manufacture, sale, dis-
tribution, and use of narcotics or dan-
gerous drugs, it becomes apparent that
British law is very similar to Canadian
law.
From whence, then, comes the myth
of the "British system"? - for myth it
is. In fact, there is no system of regis-
tration; nor are there government
clinics; nor is it government policy (via
the ministry of health or elsewhere) to
encourage or direct physicians to treat
addicts with narcotics. Indeed, in the
British Ministry of Health report re-
ferred to earlier, the following recom-
mendations, among others, are made:
that all addicts to dangerous drugs be
reported to a central authority; that to
treat addicts a number of special treat-
ment centers should be established, es-
pecially in the London area; and that
it should be a statutory offence for doc-
tors (other than those on the staff of
the special treatment centers) to pres-
cribe heroin and cocaine to an addict.
Dr. Halliday is Co-ordinator of Education
for the Narcotic Addiction Foundation of
British Columbia, Vancouver. B.C.
These recommendations make it quite
clear that the "British system," so
lauded by many naïve, if well-meaning
people, is not a reality.
Addiction considered an illness
What does happen in Britain that is
different from typical Canadian policy
and practice? As far back as 1924, the
Rolleston Committee, which investi-
gated the problem of narcotic drug
abuse for the British Government, con-
cluded that morphine or heroin might
properly be administered to addicts in
the following circumstances:
1. Where patients are under treat-
ment by the gradual withdrawal
method with a view to cure.
2. Where it has been demonstrated
after a prolonged attempt at cure that
the use of the drug cannot be safely
discontinued entirely, on account of
the severity of the withdrawal symp-
toms produced.
3. Where it has been clearly de-
monstrated that the patient, while
capable of leading a useful and rela-
tively normal life when a certain mini-
mum dose is regularly administered,
becomes incapable of this when the
drug is entirely discontinued.
A memorandum from the British
Ministry of Health to physicians in-
cluded this statement: "The continued
supply of drugs to a patient, either
direct or by prescription, solely for
the gratification of addiction, is not
regarded as a medical need."3
It may be concluded that one sign if-
THE CANADIAN NURSE 39
icant difference between the British
and Canadian attitudes toward addicts
is that in Britain addicts have been
recognized as people in need of medical
help, whereas in Canada and the U.S.,
until recently, the addict has been re-
garded as a criminal, and treated as
such.
It was only in 1961 that Canadian
legislation regarding illegal possession
of narcotics was altered, and the man-
datory six months minimum jail sen-
tence of convicted persons revoked.
This jail sentence was never mandatory
in Britain. Usually fines, suspended
sentences, or probation were employed,
rather than imprisonment.
Athough certain addicts - notably
the so-called criminal addicts - are
normally reluctant to enter hospital for
treatment, the fact is that in Canada it
is almost impossible to obtain a hos-
pital bed (general or psychiatric) for
such therapy. In Britain it has usually
been easier for the addict to gain ad-
mission to and obtain treatment in a
hospital. Again, the emphasis has been
on the addict as a sick and dependent
person, whatever his criminal activities
may be.
In Canada today
The first recommendation of the
Rolleston Committee (now 40 years
old) is generally accepted in Canada
today. In most instances the synthetic
narcotic methadone hydrochloride is
used in the withdrawal program. It has
been demonstrated that over a period
of from one to three weeks, most nar-
cotic addicts (heroin being their drug
of choice) can be safely withdrawn by
gradually reducing the methadone
which is substituted for the heroin.
Since heroin cannot be legally ob-
tained for any purpose in Canada, it
cannot be used, though morphine or
other narcotics may be used as the
substitute. However, methadone has be-
come most widely accepted, and, be-
ginning with an initial dose of about
40 mg. daily, can be safely and gradu-
ally reduced until no narcotics are
being employed. Other drugs - tran-
quilizers and antidepressants - may
also be used in conjunction with the
methadone, and continued as necessary
after the latter has been discontinued. 4
But what about the second and third
40 THE CANADIAN NURSE
recommendations of the Rolleston
Committee? How are they to be in-
terpreted? With our present knowledge
of the treatment of addicts, both of
these recommendations are more sub-
ject to criticism than when they were
originally advocated. However, it is still
true that treatment is frequently a dis-
mal failure, in spite of our opportun-
ities, and the question of the role of
narcotic drugs in the therapeutic regi-
men still remains.
NAF experiment
The Narcotic Addiction Foundation
of British Columbia is a private agency
engaged in the treatment of the addict
patient at liberty in the community who
seeks treatment voluntarily. [n 1963
the NAF decided to apply the Rolles-
ton recommendations in the treatment
of certain selected, and usually older,
patients whose history indicated re-
peated failure in therapy. It should be
noted that drug therapy, though fre-
quently an essential part of the treat-
ment and rehabilitative program, is not
the only, or indeed the main aspect.
The rationale for the procedures
used depends on the recognition of the
addict as physically, psychologically,
and socially sick. He is a disturbed
and dependent person, who has gradu-
ally focused his life around those pro-
cesses by which he obtains the drug,
and the gratification he receives from
it. Further, in most addicts of this
group the dependency and seU-des-
tructive needs are so great that to begin
their therapy without the use of narcot-
ics (if they are at liberty and not in
control) would be unthinkable. In other
words, their motivation is poor, and
their ability to get along without drugs
in a reasonable way is minimal.
We hoped that by administering
methadone for a longer period, while
at the same time continuing investiga-
tion into the physical, social and psy-
chological problems of the individual,
and using suitable therapies (medical,
psychiatric, counseling, re-education,
job-training, and job-finding, etc.), we
would be able to help the individual
to become less dependent on the nar-
cotic, to reduce or resolve his social
and emotional conflicts, and gradually
assume m9re responsibility for him-
seU. In such a program, the drug -
comparable in some ways to the pro-
longed use of tranquilizers or antide-
pressants in treating mentally ill pa-
tients in the community - would be
an essential feature of therapy, and
would assist many addicts to lead more
Ilseful and constructive lives. Our ex-
perience with this method at the NAF
has tended to confirm the above hypo-
thesis, and many "hard-core" addicts
have given up their criminal and anti-
social behavior under this regimen. 5
More recently, Dole and Nyswander6
in New York have experimented with a
variation of this approach, and while
results are still tentative, they again in-
dicate that for some addicts such an
approach is worthwhile, is less costly
to the community, and at worst helps
to prevent many addicts from contin-
uing and repeating their cycle of
drugs, criminality, jail, and more drugs.
Changing attitude
Since the aforementioned British
recommendations were proposed, our
understanding and approach to the
treatment of the addict has gradually
moved toward acceptance of him as a
sick person who needs treatment, what-
ever other forms of control might be
desirable. This principle is operative
even when imprisonment is assigned
for criminal acts. Within this past year
a new federal drug treatment center for
convicted offenders has been opened at
Matsqui, in the Fraser Valley, British
Columbia. After screening, selected ad-
dict offenders are sent to this center
for treatment and rehabilitative mea-
sures, which will extend into after-care
support, with extensive use of parole.
These measures are the result of a
changing and more enlightened social
attitude about the causes and manage-
ment of addiction - an attitude es-
sential to more sophisticated social
action.
Although this approach to treat-
ment is helpful to some addicts, it is
by no means helpful to all. Many
drug-dependent individuals require ex-
ternal controls in a clinic or hospital
setting for some time before they have
reached the degree of maturity, under-
standing, and social progress, which
will enable them to exercise control
over themselves while at liberty in the
community. In New York and Califor-
MARCH 1967
.
t
MARCH 1967
......
.
I
...
,
nia, legislation has been enacted that
petmits "committal" of suitable addicts
to such a treatment setting; similar
legislation is desirable in Canada.
Conclusion
The reader is referred to the recom-
mendations of the Special Committee
of the Canadian Medical Association, 7
which spells out the components of
good medical care in the treatment of
the addict. These include the following
advice: "It may, in certain circumstan-
ces, be good medical practice to pre-
scribe maintenance doses of narcotics
for long periods to an addict at liberty,
if other components of good medical
care are also provided. If they are not,
the doctor may be guilty of trafficking.
Our advice to general practitioners is
that they should, if possible, avoid
prescribing narcotics for long periods
for addicts under their care."
References
I. Great Britain. Interdepartmental Com-
mittee on Drug Addiction. Drug ad-
diction; the second report. London, Her
Majesty's Stat. Office, 1965.
2. Division of Narcotic Control. Ottawa,
Department of National Health & Wel-
fare, 1965.
3. Special Committee on the Traffic in Nar-
cotic Drugs in Canada. Proceedings, 2nd
session, 22nd Parliament 3-4 Elizabeth
II. 1953- I 954. Ottawa. Queen's Printer,
1955.
4. Halliday, R. Treatment of the narcotic
addict. H.C. Med. Joumal, 6: 421, 1964.
5. Halliday, R. Narcotic drug addicts as
voluntary patients; the use of metha-
done on short-term and long-term with-
drawal treatment programs. Report to
Committee on Problems of Drug De-
pendence. National Academy of Sciences,
Washington. D.C., 1966, p. 4599 (Un-
published)
6. Dole V.P. and Nyswander, M. Medical
treatment for diacetylmorphine (heroin)
addiction; a clinical trial with methadone
hydrochloride. J. Amer. Med. Assoc.
193: 646, Aug. 23, 1965.
7. Good medical practice in the care of the
narcotic addict. A report prepared by a
Special Committee appointed by the Exe-
cutive Committee of the Canadian Medi-
cal Association. Callad. Med. Assoc. J.
1040-1043, May 8. 1965. 0
THE CANADIAN NURSE 41
Care of patients addicted
to non-narcotic drugs
On admission to hospital, the per-
son addicted to non-narcotic drugs may
appear intoxicated; but there is a subtle
difference between him and the person
intoxicated with alcohol. The drug ad-
dict's difficulty in walking is usually
more marked than his ability to speak
or comprehend. An alcoholic who
finds it hard to maintain balance, looks
half asleep, has incoherent speech, .and
usually falls into bed and to sleep
quite quickly. The drug addict, on the
other hand, has difficulty maneuvering,
but is much more aware of what is
going on; although his speech may be
somewhat slurred, he makes sense.
Quite often the patient has a mixed
addiction - to both sedative drugs
and alcohol - which may be sus-
pected by his unusual behavior. Fre-
quently a patient who is admitted for
treatment of an alcohol problem de-
monstrates an additional problem by
begging for a certain kind of drug.
Staff are always aware of the possi-
bilitv that a patient is in the process
of changing his dependence from al-
cohol to sedatives. From the stand-
point of clinical management, depend-
ence on alcohol is the lesser of two
evils.
Alcoholics may switch drugs
Many alcoholics begin to use bar-
biturates or tranquilizers when, for
various reasons, they can no longer
take alcohol without being in trouble.
One patient who had changed his de-
pendence from alcohol to pills was
42 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Nursing a patient who is addicted to drugs is much more difficult than nursing
one addicted to alcohol. The drug addict takes longer to withdraw, wants to hang
onto his chemical beyond reason, is wretchedly uncomfortable, jittery, and
anxious for days. He tries the patience and ingenuity of the staff to the utmost.
Mary L. Epp
brought to hospital by his wife. It was
a frustrating conference. His wife was
threatening to leave him, the doctor
was stressing the dire physical and
mental consequences of his continued
use of pills, and his employer was sug-
gesting that he was in danger of losing
his job. But he sat there quite happy
through it all. He was so thoroughly
tranquilized that he was incapable of
worry and refused to stay for treat-
ment. He might have been more ame-
nable to reason the next morning after
he had "slept off" some of his sedative.
Other persons start taking drugs on
prescription, but increase dosage until
it is so out of control that they be-
come intoxicated, fall down frequent-
ly, and are quite unable to cope.
Choice of drugs
The drugs to which a person may
become addicted include anything that
can change the way he feels, such as
Aspirin, A.P.c. & C's, barbiturates,
tranquilizers, bromide, paraldehyde,
amphetamines, chloral hydrate, codei-
ne, morphine, heroin, methadone, De-
merol, or mixtures of these. When a
person is becoming dependent on a
drug he is very careful not to run out
of his special brand - although he
may take only a few pills a day. Later
in the addiction he will not be as par-
ticular about the type of drug he uses,
as long as there is plenty.
Mrs. Epp is Director of Nursing at The
Bell Clinic in Willowdale. Ontario.
Clothing and luggage searched
A good way to admit a patient who
is addicted to drugs is to take him
directly to an examining room, where
he is seen by the admitting doctor
while his luggage is left elsewhere and
very thoroughly and carefully search-
ed. His pyjamas and dressing gown
are taken to him only after all pockets
have been checked; his clothes are
removed from the room and examined
for drugs. Pills have been found in
trouser cuffs and billfolds - in fact,
almost anywhere. A woman has many
hiding places among her cosmetics.
The examination of clothing and
personal effects should be done rou-
tinely even though the patient seems
to be sober, is channing and good
looking, and assures you he has noth-
ing to hide. At the risk of feeling
foolish for insisting on this routine,
you must resist the temptation to escort
the patient directly to' his room. After
you have been fooled a few times you
will be quite matter-of-fact about the
searching performance even if you
have to do it in front of the patient.
These patients are not trustworthy
while they are undergoing withdrawal
and we can help them only when they
realize that they cannot manipulate the
staff. Actually, most patients expect to
be searched.
Some patients arrive with an as-
tonishing variety of pills scattered
among their belongings. Besides the
tranquilizers and/or barbiturates, they
often have laxatives, diuretics, antacids,
MARCH 1967
,
l
MARCH 1967
-\
"
-
pills for hypertension, etc. It is im-
portant to take every pill away. After
consulting the family physician, the
staff doctor will decide which ones,
if any, the patient requires.
Withdrawal routine
During treatment, we are careful
to avoid transferring a patient's de-
pendence to another type of pill. This
is particularly true when treating pa-
tients with a drug that demonstrates
cross-tolerance with the addicting drug.
Patients are told that they will have
to put up with some discomfort. If
they are made as comfortable on the
new pill as they were on the old, they
will never recover.
At the beginning of treatment a
drug addict finds it difficult to coop-
erate. Do not expect him to tell the
truth about his addiction. To plan the
treatment of his withdrawal reaction
it may be important to know how
much he has been taking; however,
you cannot rely on what he tells you.
This may be partly because he is
ashamed of his addiction and partly
because he quite truthfully does not
know. It is a well-known fact that
many so-called suicides are the result
of unintentional overdose. The addict
forgets how much sedative he has
taken or is too impatient to wait for
the drug to take effect.
Barbiturates
If the patient has been taking large
amounts of barbiturates for a long
THE CANADIAN NURSE 43
time, he may have a convulsion on
abrupt withdrawal in spite of treatment
with anticonvulsant drugs. Under these
circumstances the physician usually
withdraws the barbiturates gradually
and administers both tranquilizers and
anticonvulsants concurrently. If the
patient is addicted to a tranquilizer, he
is usually switched to another tran-
quilizer at once and the dosage is
gradually reduced to zero.
Paraldehyde
Paraldehyde makes an alcoholic feel
wonderful. It is a derivative of alcohol
and much stronger. To many alcoholics
who have learned to put up with the
taste and smell, this is the drug of
choice on withdrawal. The odor. of
course, is unmistakable and the nurse
can only hope that when a patient is
admitted smelling of paraldehyde, it
has been prescribed for him, and not
taken voluntarily for its "welcome"
effects. In the latter case there may
be considerable difficulty withdrawing
the patient from his drug.
Amphetamine
The withdrawal reaction of the am-
phetamine addict is in sharp contrast
to that of the addict to sedative drugs
or alcohol. He is very sleepy and dull
and complains of having difficulty in
thinking. If he is presumed to be an
amphetamine addict and does not
behave in this way, we may suspect
a mixed addiction, that he has some
concealed supplies, or that he plans a
trip to the drug store at the first op-
portunity.
Support from staff
A great deal of time is spent by
the staff in reassuring and getting ac-
quainted with patients in the first
stages of a recovery program. Persons
addicted to drugs need to learn to de-
pend on people rather than chemicals
and they start with a new dependence
on the hospital staff. When this shift
in dependence begins, the staff must
be prepared to accept it for a pro-
longed period, sometimes years. while
hopefully the patient learns to depend
on other people as well.
44 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Patients may choose a particular
member of the staff as their "mentor."
Care must be taken to maintain a
professional, although friendly, atti-
tude. A rule that patients are seen only
at the clinic or hospital and that phone
calls all take place while the nurse is
on duty is a stabilizing influence. No
staff phone numbers are released to
patients
Sitting down and chatting with the
patient will help to pass the time for
him and also give you a better idea of
just how the withdrawal is going. Pa-
tients may put on a show to get more
pills or more attention. We must try
to understand that they are probably
afraid of life without their chemical
comfort. Sometimes a patient can be
helped to appreciate his situation by
comparing his continuous drug intoxi-
cation to a big downy comforter which
he has wrapped around himself as pro-
tection from all his problems. As he
is withdrawn he becomes naked and
vulnerable and is hurt over and over
again. A scolding from his wife, loud
noises, the idea that he may have
damaged himself permanently, all hit
him with nothing to cushion the blow.
With growing awareness that the
staff is capable and really wants to
help him, the patient becomes less
apprehensive about being withdrawn
from his chemical comforts. During
the withdrawal period he desperately
needs attention and kindness, and often
finds it hard to believe that the nurse
cares what happens to him. Your con-
cern and belief that he can be better
gradually penetrates and he begins to
have some hope that life without pills
is possible - if not too acceptable
at first.
It is amazing how soon patients
want to get up and around. They will
et cleaned up as well as they can and
ioin the other patients ño matter how
they mav feel or how shaky and un-
steady thev are. Sometimes the staff
mav fear that these patients will fall
or disturb other patients; but it would
seem that the comfort they get from
being with others, even thoue:h they
may - be dozing part of the time, as-
sists the withdrawal process.
Visits after discharge encouraged
Persons who have been discharged
from hospital are encouraged to visit
the staff regularly. Most ex-patients
particularly enjoy a chat with their
favorite nurse, but anyone is better
than no one. Other members of the
staff, therefore, must be prepared to
help if someone's patient phones or
visits when she is off duty. He may
be unhappy and jittery and will need
to be encouraged to put up with the
way he feels for the time being. We
hope that he will learn, too, that talk-
ing with any understanding person can
be of help. This points up the neces-
sity for regular staff conferences, as
well as the importance of recording the
nurses' conversations about patients.
Not all recover
Unfortunately, some persons are so
emotionally disturbed and so chroni-
cally uncomfortable that they are
unable to function in society at all
without some chemical dulling of un-
pleasant reality. For such patients,
the smallest dosage which will enable
them to carry on is maintained. It
may be necessary to change the kind
of medication occasionally as their
tolerance for one kind builds up.
Conclusion
It is important for nurses to realize
that although it may take a great deal
of effort and a long time, it is pos-
sible to help most people to learn to
live without sedative drugs and to be-
come more comfortable through im-
proved communication with others. 0
MARCH 1967
I am employed as a nurse in the
Small Animal Surgery at the Ontario
Veterinary College in Guelph, Ontario.
How did I get here? Almost acci-
dentally.
In the fall of 1964, I heard by the
grapevine that the services of a nurse
were being considered for the operating
room at O.V.c. Because of my interest
in animals and the enticement of regu-
lar hours of work, I investigated. At
the time, I had been on the staff of a
Guelph hospital for 10 years since my
graduation as a registered nurse in
1949. I am married, have two teen-
age sons, and. of course. a dog and cat.
Many patients referred
In the Small Animal Department at
the Veterinary College, there is a hos-
pital and outpatient clinic for the pub-
lic. All pets of local residents are
received on appointment, examined by
a clinician on staff, and given treatment
or hospitalized as inpatients.
Many difficult cases are referred to
the clinic by out-of-town veterinarians.
Animals are sent here from all over the
country, from as far west as British
Columbia, and as far east as the Mari-
time provinces. Many, too, are natives
of the United States.
A variety of patients
Our patients include grand champi-
on show dogs, field trial dogs, and
many good old lovable mongrels. Cats,
too, are represented on our patient list.
Occasionally our feathered friends
MARCH 1967
Deserter of people?
"Few nurses have patients like mine, which include grand champion show dogs,
lovable mongrels, cats, and even a few feathered friends."
Jean Wilkinson
-...
,
--""
Mrs. Wilkinson is nurse in the Small
Animal Surgery at the Ontario Veterinary
College jp Guelph. Ontario.
require treatment. An old grey owl had
a broken wing pinned successfully; a
snow goose had a tumor removed; and
a peacock and homing pidgeon re-
quired medical care. Birds are poor
anesthetic risks, however, and rarely
become surgical patients.
Animals have many of the same
diseases as man plus some peculiar to
themselves. The following operations
are done on dogs and cats: tonsillecto-
my. splenectomy, cystotomy, lobecto-
my, diaphragmatic hernia repair, tho-
racotomy, kidney transplants, open-
heart surgery, thoracic surgery, lami-
nectomies, and all types of orthopedic
surgery. Pins and plates are used al-
most daily in some unfortunate dog
who has met an accident with a car. A
fractured femur, radius, tibia, pelvis,
etc., can be pinned or plated success-
fully and "Fido" will be up and run-
ning about on all four legs in a matter
of a few weeks.
Occasionally we have a cesarean
section. It's quite exciting when several
people are "puppy rubbing" the small
pink-nosed puppies who squeak loudly
at this indignity. After the mucous is
removed from nose and mouth, the
newborn is placed in a heated box with
several brothers and sisters - any
number, from one to nine.
Strict aseptic technique in O.R.
The surgery here is modern, air-con-
ditioned, and well-equipped. We have
three operating rooms plus a scrub
room and working area. The operating
suite could be compared to one in a
small hospital. The most stringent asep-
tic technique in operating room pro-
cedure is carried out for all animals.
Doctors scrub, gown, and glove.
Before the animal is brought in, his
operative area is shaved and the skin
cleansed with antiseptic. Dogs and cats
are anesthetized and wheeled in on
stretchers. The most common anesthe-
tic for these animals is Nembutal. given
intravenously. Sodium Pentothal and
Surital are used intravenously for mi-
THE CANADIAN NURSE 45
The operating rooms for small animal
surgery are nwdern, air-conditioned,
and well-equipped.
Strict aseptic technique is carried out
for all types of surgery.
...
-......
--"
.
\.
l
'-
--- '..
46 THE CANADIAN NURSE
nor surgery and for anything that re-
quires a short-acting anesthetic.
We have two large anesthetic ma-
chines for f1uothane inhalation, used
mainly on older dogs that are poor
anesthetic risks, or for animals that
require thoracic surgery. The animals
are all intubated with endotracheal
tubes for a clear airway during anes-
thesia, and then are draped with sterile
drapes, the same as in operating room
procedures for a human.
A central service department cleans
and sterilizes instruments, drapes, and
equipment. Most of our surgery is done
in the afternoon since this is a teaching
university. The mornings are free for
lectures and clinic office hours.
Very few patients are lost during
surgery. Intravenous stimulents, oxy-
gen, and respirators are available if
needed. The use of intravenous saline
dextrose and whole blood transfusions
is common.
Research
The research work done in this de-
partment may be of help in human
surgery some day. I have had a small
part in helping with some work done
on research of bone healing. This was
carried out on rabbits as a postgraduate
study. Another beneficial research pro-
gram is one that has been done on
Legg-Perthes' disease. This may prove
beneficial to children. Hip prosthesis
was pioneered on dogs a few years ago.
Not a deserter of people
I noticed that a reporter headlined
me in a column last year as a "deserter
of people." However, I still have a
close relationship with people through
their family pets. Pet owners are a very
devoted lot. They like to see their pet,
who is just like one of the family, get
the very best care possible. If I am
helping in some small way to do this.
then I have not let "people" down. 0
MARCH 1%7
Imagine if there were ten ways to
tell time. Suppose half the people on
highways drove on the left side as
a matter of choice. What if there was
a dispute as to whether to stop or go
on a red light.
It is obvious that many things that
we take for granted in our lives have
been standardized for convenience and
safety.
There is even considerable stan-
dardization within individual hospitals.
However, there is little standardiza-
tion from hospital to hospital, and
this creates problems. One special
aspect of this is standardization of
medical-surgical supplies and equip-
ment. As early as 1931 the United
States government set up a committee
to investigate this, but the battle to
standardize has been a losing one.
There are still as many techniques of
doing a procedure as there are doctors
and nurses in a hospital.
One example from a manufacturer
concerns needle sizes. "There are few
doctors or nurses who would know any
difference between a 20-gauge, 1 h-
inch needle and a 21-gauge, 1
-inch
needle if they did not read the label.
Yet there are as many different sizes
as there are users in some hospitals !"
One hospital had been using 10
different sizes of needles; a product
manager convinced the staff to use
just three standard sizes for a one-
month trial. One month later they
wondered why they had ever needed
all the other sizes in the first place.
Individual preference
The individual doctor, by law, is
MARCH 1967
Stan dard ization
Many things we take for granted have been standardized for our convenience
and safety. Would greater standardization in products and procedures
help our patients?
George T. Maloney
Mr. Maloney is Vice-President in charge
of Merchandising for C.R. Bard, Inc.,
Murray Hill, New Jersey. This article is
adapted from a speech presented to the
Mid-West Hospital Association Annual
Convention in Kansas City last fall.
allowed to practice the art of healing
according to his own discretion. More
uniformity in teaching in medical
schools would help to reduce the
various whims of the individual doc-
tor. The same applies to nursing
schools.
Today, commercially prepareä, pre-
packaged, preassembled, presterilized
tray setups are coming on the market.
A host of manufacturers are preparing
them. These people recognize the im-
portance of the concept of a standard
"for one and for all" if there is to be:
· more convenience
· better service
· smaller inventories
· assured quality
If hospitals will not accept a stand-
ard setup they will get greater ag-
gravation.
Nurses may already have experienc-
ed some of the problems associated
with specially-prepared sets. "It's
late!" "Something's missing!" "They've
used the wrong item!" Then it begins
- phone calls, questions, answers,
promises, explanations.
How efficient would any central
service be if it had to prepare 10 to
20 variations of the same setup? How
much higher are costs when special
parts must be purchased for the varia-
tions as opposed to the cost-saving
of quantity purchase? How much
more storage space is required if sever-
al variables of an item must be stocked
according to glove size, needle size,
syringe size, and so on ?
Compound these problems by
1,452* hospitals in Canada and you
have an idea of the number of poten-
tial problems facing manufacturers
and dealers.
High costs of specials
Manufacturers, because of compe-
tition, have catered to these individual
preferences and have made "specials."
In other words, the salesman is told
that if the tray is not prepared special-
ly for that hospital, it will be ob-
tained from another manufacturer.
*Dominion Bureau of Statistics, List of
Canadian Hospitals (83-201) 1965, p. 6.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 47
However, if this trend continues,
prices will have to rise.
An excellent analogy is what has
happened in the automotive industry.
From Henry Ford's "I'll paint it any
color as long as it's black" concept,
there is now a huge range of models.
A spokesman for Ford stated that
it is conceivable that they could go
through an entire year without making
two identical automobiles. It does not
take much "gray matter" to under-
stand the reason for the high cost of
an automobile. Many people believe
that as volume goes up, price comes
down. The converse of this is true in
the automobile industry because most
cars are "specials."
Hospitals often fail to understand
the reason for a higher price on a
special. For example, if their special
is created by removing a part, some
believe that the price of the tray
should be reduced proportionately.
What has to be taken into considera-
tion is not only the cost of the part;
when there is deviation from a stand-
ard product, closer supervision and
more production training is necessary
because more problems are created.
With a standard product, prod-
uction follows a pattern and those
involved develop a greater degree of
skill. This naturally leads to greater
ease in training employees, and
greater proficiency of work. Also, aU
manufacturing costs, particularly low
labor and inventory costs, mean less
money tied up in production. The
customer then receives a quality
product at a lower price.
Standardization will come
Manufacturers, doctors, nurses, and
hospitals are all in the business of
providing safe, effective, quality
patient care. Standardization will
help, but all will have to coordinate
efforts to achieve it.
First, simple, honest communica-
tion is essential. At many a conven-
tion, someone has stopped by our
booth and requested a "speciaL" After
he has been told about the time,
trouble, and expense necessary, and
that there was no guarantee that the
product would satisfy, he invariably
expressed thanks and understanding
of the problem.
Second, a natural evolution will
occur, because neither the hospital
nor the dealer will be able to eval-
uate all the new products introduced
each year. Dealers will influence the
tendency to standardization. They do
not have the space for four variations
of the same tray, nor the time to learn
the selling features. The space pro-
blem need not be elaborated as every-
one is aware of the problems of keep-
48 THE CANADIAN NURSE
ing up with space demands caused
by disposables. However, the cost
and disadvantages of returning to
reusables is obvious. As the fellow
said: "Horse travel doesn't cost as
much as going by jet, but who is going
to travel by horse?"
To be profitable, disposable business
must be done on a volume basis. Com-
petition will eventually force manu-
facturers to standardize or get out
of certain areas.
Third, the introduction of electro-
nic equipment and items such as the
dataphone will help to bring stand-
ardization. Recently, eight hospitals
in an area organized to share com-
puter facilities to improve patient ser-
vice and hospital administration. The
new system will help control inven-
tories of more than 2,500 different
stock items and will provide greater
economies in supply purchase. These
eight hospitals have had to come to
agreement on basic items.
Fourth, labor problems will also
bring standardization more quickly.
Hospital rates are rising rapidly as
higher salaries are obtained by nurses
and other hospital employees who
have been underpaid in past years.
Hospital administration will aim for
increased efficiency and one way will
be through increased standardization.
A fifth factor affecting standard-
ization is that the practice of medi-
cine is changing. Dr. Oscar Creech, Jr.,
Professor of Surgery and Chairman of
the Department at Tulane University
School of Medicine, recently predicted
that by 1990 medicine will be prac-
ticed on an assembly-line basis. He
pointed out that neither patients nor
physicians are ready for such changes,
but radical changes in the practice of
medicine are inevitable and the pro-
fession must prepare for them so as to
dictate in some measure how they will
occur. Standardization of equipment
and supplies will play a part if this
prediction becomes reality.
In the United States, the Federal
Government is becoming increasingly
involved in the medical industry, and
with Medicare it will become even
more concerned with costs. It is to be
hoped that the industry itself will un-
dertake cost control and not invite the
government to take over.
Manufacturer's goals
Manufacturers must meet the crite-
ria of quality of the medical industry
in all products. Each item must be of
a quality that is adequate for its spe-
cific purpose. Therefore, the purpose
must be spelled out before work can
begin on a product. Again, communi-
cation between user and manufacturer
is essential as trial and error evalua-
tion help to elucidate additional factors
and more useful methods.
Many techniques of communication
may be used:
1. Questionnaires are devised for
each specific product. These are kept
simple and concise, but include a com-
ment section. Some questionnaires are
sent by an agency so that the manu-
facturer's name is not used; others are
designed to be used by salesmen during
a "market test" phase of a product.
2. Consultants are sent to approxi-
mately 100 hospitals to check out var-
ious aspects of a product in the actual
situation. Monthly reports are sent in
on the product.
3. Recently, an advisory panel has
been used effectively. The panel for
an item used in nursing would include:
five nurses from the nursing adminis-
tration office (either the director or her
associates); three operating room su-
pervisors; nine central supply super-
visors; one nurse from the intravenous
team; one nurse with special interest in
research and development; and one
purchasing agent.
The panel meets for a day to pre-
sent concepts and prototypes and to
evaluate existing products. The atmos-
phere is relaxed and informal and cri-
ticism is encouraged.
4. Organization within the industry
can also help. A new group of market-
ing people from 31 companies held a
meeting at which competitors sat to-
e-ether and agreed that they could, and
should, work together toward certain
aspects of standardization.
Identical goals
Standardization will benefit patient
care, but it needs cooperation and
communication and time.
In a recent editorial in the Journal of
the American Hospital Association ma-
gazine, Hospitals, it was stated: "A
need exists for more standardization,
simplification, higher standards, bet-
ter communication, more efficient
marketing techniques, and more co-
operative efforts by hospitals and in-
dustry to develop products for hospital
use... Better communication between
hospitals and supply firms is also
needed about product research and
development and also use of equip-
ment and supplies in patient care...
Hospitals should not only be willing
to assist industry by discussing in use,
patient-care factors that may affect
proper design, but also should realize
that this is a continuing responsibility
of the hospital field. Industry, on its
part will find that involving profes-
sional and hospital personnel early in
the development stages of hospital
equipment will be advantageous..."
This sums it up quite solidly. 0
MARCH 1967
Hospital and health care
- what price?
Almost daily, news media make
Canadians aware of skyrocketing hos-
pital costs. While all this informa-
tion is of great interest to the indi-
vidual, it unfortunately fails to reveal
how much of the total cost is diverted
from one's personal income. If one
considers all the various types of taxes
to which one's income is subjected,
it becomes clear that it would be an
exercise in futility to attempt to com-
pute any given individual's share of
hospital costs.
Hospital operating costs
Public general hospitals, with few
exceptions, come under provincial
jurisdiction. It is left to provincial
governments to negotiate with hos-
pitals, individually, to determine the
amounts that each hospital is entitled
to receive in order to offer hospital
care to those requiring it.
However, in the Canadian system
of taxation the federal government
collects a part of the taxes earmarked
to pay hospital costs, which in turn
are transferred to the provincial gov-
ernments. As the amounts received
from the federal government cover
approximately half (depending on the
province involved) of shareable hos-
pital costs, it remains to the province
to raise most of the remaining balance.
This is accomplished through various
tax-raising programs and, in some
provinces, through direct contribu-
tions from individuals.
In some provinces, authorities may
MARCH 1967
Often we are informed that the local hospital's costs have increased 20 percent
in the past year. This raises the question of how much each individual
is going to have to supply to cover the increase.
S. J. Maubach, B. Comm., CA.
raise funds to reimburse hospitals for
their costs through a combination of
the foregoing methods. For instance,
in Ontario a married man must pay,
or have paid on his behalf, $6.50
per month to the provincial plan for
prepaid hospital care. However, the
total collected by the province in this
manner is insufficient to provide
enough funds to reimburse hospitals
for the province's share of costs and
it therefore becomes necessary to al-
locate monies gathered from some
other source to the hospital cost pool.
In Quebec, individuals do not make
direct payments to the provincial
government in the form of premiums;
the provincial government's share of
hospital costs is financed through
general tax programs. In British
Columbia, yet another innovation is
found. Each hospital patient must
pay one dollar per day to the hos-
pital while he remains in the institu-
tion, in addition to the amount he
pays to the government.
Here then we see the individual
may pay for hospitalization to three
parties: the federal government, the
provincial government, and the hos-
pital in which he becomes a patient.
These are but a few examples to il-
lustrate how complicated it would be
for any individual to determine how
much one actually does pay toward
hospital costs.
Mr. Maubach is Lecturer, School of Hos-
pital Administration. University of Ottawa.
Furthermore, it must be noted that
most provinces do not reimburse each
hospital its total costs incurred in
the treatment of patients. For in-
stance, in all provinces except Mani-
toba, depreciation on hospital buil-
dings must be absorbed by the hos-
pital. Interest on capital debt is not
generally covered in reimbursement
formulas except in Alberta and Mani-
toba.
Hospital capital costs
Up to now mention has only been
made of the funds required in the day-
to-day operations of the hospital.
Where does the money come from to
build the hospital in the first place?
As with operating costs, both federal
and provincial governments are invol-
ved in financing part of the capital
required to construct and partially
equip hospital facilities.
These two levels of government
combine to underwrite, in most cases,
a large portion of the total cost; the
amount varies from province to pro-
vince. However, the federal program
is constant for each project. It is there-
fore left to most hospitals to find other
sources of funds to finance that por-
tion of capital costs not provided for
by federal and provincial authorities.
These funds are derived from several
possible bodies - municipal govern-
ments, philanthropic organizations,
religious orders operating the hos-
pitals, and, needless to say, you and I.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 49
Federal
Government
Taxes
Tax-Shared Programs
Provincial
Government
Individual
Charges
Not Paid by Plan
Donations
Prope y Taxes
Municipal
Government
Religious
Bodies
CHART 1
Philanthropic
Bodies
Source and allocation of
hospital funds
It might be well to follow the flow
of funds to their final destination -
the hospital. Taxes collected by the
federal government are passed on to
the provincial governments under an
established formula. This money goes
into a provmcial hospital pool. The
provincial government raises money
from taxes or premiums, or both, and
these are also allocated to the hospital
pool. This pool of funds is then distri-
buted to individual hospitals based
on a negotiated budget, or other
similar planning and control devices,
which is meant to repay the hospital
for approved costs incurred in treat-
ing patients in a standard ward.
Should the patient prefer accommoda-
tion superior to that of the standard
ward, it is necessary that the indivi-
dual pay an extra fee to the hospital.
These extra funds obtained by the
hospital are sometimes shared with
the province and the portion retained
by the hospital is meant, in part, to
cover losses suffered by the institu-
tion. (Chart. J.)
Not to be forgotten are those hos-
pitals which serve the outpatients of
50 THE CANADIAN NURSE
A Public General
Hospital
the community. In varying degrees,
most of the provincial plans do not
reimburse the hospital for the entire
costs, sometimes substantial, incurred
in rendering this service.
Table 1
Projected 1966 Expenditure on
Personal Health
Services and Facilities]
Cost
Per Capita
Service
Physicians
Dentists
Other Health Services
Health Insurance Admin.
Prescribed drugs
Hospital Services
TOTAL SERVICES
HEAL TH FACILITIES:!
TOTAL
$ 24.91
8.00
7.14
4.68
7.56
73.89
$126.18
8.27
$134.45
I. Royal Commission on Health Services.
Volume I. Queen's Printer, 1964, p. 843.
2. Ibid., p. 851.
Other health facilities
While this article has so far been
restricted to the hospital field, some
reference should be made to other
health care costs in order that some
idea may be given of the magnitude
of the total health care picture which,
directly or indirectly, must be paid
for by the tax-paying public.
The anticipated cost of health care
in Canada in 1966 shows that $134.45
would be spent for every man, woman
and child. While the major portion
goes to hospital services, $60.56 per
man, woman and child will go to other
services and health facilities. (Ta-
ble J.)
While the figures in the table give
a rough indication of total health
care costs, it should be pointed out
that they are shown on a per capita
basis. If you happen to earn higher
than average income, your share of
the cost is substantially higher.
Even though it now appears impos-
sible to determine how much we, as
individuals, pay toward hospital and
other health care costs, we undoubted-
ly receive much better care than our
forefathers did. However, in view of
the rapidly changing nature of health
services offered to us, the day will soon
arrive when the politicians, health
care leaders and the Canadian public
must determine how much income is
being spent and should be spent for
our well-being. 0
MARCH 1967
research abstracts
The following are abstracts of studies
selected from the Canadian Nurses' As-
sociation Repository Collection of Nursing
Studies. Abstract manuscripts are prepared
by the authors.
Buchan, Irene M. A Study of inadive
nurses in Alberta, Canada, to determine
selected characteristics, reasons for in-
acti,'ity, and the extellt to which they
represellt a potential nursing resource.
Seattle, 1966. Thesis (M.N.) University
of Washington.
The study was done to determine: l. the
characteristics of inactive nurses; 2. the
reasons for their inactive status; and 3. the
extent to which inactive nurses planned to
return to full-time or part-time nursing
employment.
Data were gathered by a questionnaire.
The respondents comprised 374 inactive
nurses in Alberta. Data from the question-
naires were tabulated according to four
categories: l. nurses who had already re-
turned to active nursing; 2. inactive nurses
who planned to return to active nursing;
3. inactive nurses who were uncertain about
returning to active nursing; and 4. inactive
nurses who did not plan to return to nur-
sing. In order to present a composite
picture of the inactive nurse, data from
the questionnaires of the latter three
categories were tabulated and analyzed.
Questionnaires of 43 nurses who were al-
ready re-employed were deleted from the
study, leaving a total of 331 inactive nurses
as the study population.
The findings indicated that the respon-
dents represented a considerable potential
nursing resource. A composite picture of
the inactive nurse was presented. 1 he three
main reasons for inactivity given by the
majority of the non-practicing nurses were
concerned with home and family respon-
sibilities, arrangements for care of children,
and personnel policies. Recommendations
for further study were made.
Neylan, Margaret S. The del'elopment 01
an e,'aluation Q-Sort; a study of nursing
instructors. Vancouver, 1966. Thesis
(M.A.) University of British Columbia.
The purpose of this study was to develop
an Evaluation Q-Sort and to test it by
measuring the perceptions held by nursing
instructors on the relative importance of
five functions and effects of evaluation.
The functions and effects identified for
study were: the measurement of student
achievement; the measurement of student
MARCH 1967
progress; psychological effects of evalua-
tion; the influence of evaluation on teach-
ing; and the influence of evaluation on
administration. An Evaluation Q-Sort was
developed and used to measure the percep-
tions of evaluation held by the III nursing
instructors in the 6 professional nursing
schools in the Lower Mainland and Van-
couver Island areas of the Province of
British Columbia.
The population was divided into 10 clas-
sifications according to various criteria
related to role, experience, preparation, and
instructional setting. The central hypothesis
assumed that the group of instructors as a
whole would not assign greater importance
to anyone of the 5 functions and effects
of evaluation. The 9 sub-hypotheses assum-
ed that the perceptions of evaluation held
by nursing instructors would not be in-
fluenced by the variables selected for study.
The .05 level of significance was used in
the study.
The results indicated that the nursing
instructors did ascribe significantly dif-
ferent degrees of importance to the 5 func-
tions and effects of evaluation. Measure-
ment of student achievement was ascribed
least importance and measurement of stu-
dent progress was ascribed most importance
among the functions and effects studied. In
addition, differences were found with res-
pect to the nature of the instructors' res-
ponsibilities, the type of school in which
she taught, and her stated level of satisfac-
tion with preparation as an evaluator. No
differences were found with respect to
length of experience in nursing service or
education, preparation as an instructor,
course in tests and measurements, instruc-
tional focus, and instructional setting.
Arpin. Kathleen. A study to identify dif-
ferences, on selected factors, between
uni,'ersity-qualified students who are
enrolled in the first year of a bac-
calaureate or a diploma program in
nursing. Boston, 1965. Field Study,
(M.S.) Boston University.
The study was undertaken to identify
the differences, on selected factors, be-
tween university-qualified students who were
enrolled in the first year of a baccalaureate
program or a diploma program in nursing.
The subjects selected for study were
students enroIled in the first year of two
baccalaureate programs in nursing and uni-
versity-qualified students in one diploma
school of nursing. The schools taking part
were located in large metropolitan cities
in approximately the same geographical
area.
Data were coIlected by means of a mail-
ed questionnaire, administered by faculty
members, which was developed to obtain
information on the student's social class,
social background, educational background,
reasons for selection of school, interest
in further education, and other related
factors that might influence a student's
selection of a particular type of school.
The responses to the questions were com-
pared and the differences and similarities
described.
The findings indicated that there were
differences and similarities between the
two groups. The major areas of difference
were in social class, reasons for selection
of school, interest in further education.
and in social background on the items relat-
ed to parental attitude toward university
education. There was little or no difference
between the two groups on the remaining
items used to gain information on social
background, educational background, and
on the other related factors that might have
influenced a student's selection of a parti-
cular type of program.
Recommendations include: l. that a
more definitive study of all students in
grade 13, who have been accepted in either
a baccalaureate or a diploma program, be
done to determine the differences between
the two groups, and 2. that a study of
parents of grade 13 students who have been
accepted in either a baccalaureate or a
diploma program be done to determine
their attitude toward university education
for their daughters as compared to the
students.
Lennie. Clara May. A study of student
achie,'ement in an A Iberta hospital school
of nursing in relation to selected char-
acteristics of the mother. Seattle, ]965.
Thesis (M.N.) Univ. of Washington.
The purpose of this study was to explore
the relationship between achievement of
the student nurse in a diploma program
and selected characteristics of the mother.
A questionnaire, given to 236 second
and third-year students, provided informa-
tion about the mother's characteristics and
other biographical data. School records
were reviewed for student achievement.
The data revealed little relationship
between the achievement of the student
nurse and characteristics of the mother as
measured by her preparation as a nur
e or
(Continued on page 52)
THE CANADIAN NURSE 51
research abstracts
(Continued from page 51)
in a related health field, level of education,
present and past occupation, income, and
by the mother-daughter relationship. There
was some indication that the younger,
single student who entered nursing directly
from the parental home in which both
parents were living together, received higher
grades in nursing fundamentals, micro-
biology, and pharmacology II. The older
student obtained higher grades in introduc-
tion to disease, and medical-surgical nur-
sing. When mothers were employed before
marriage, daughters did better in social
sciences. Students from larger families,
daughters of mothers employed part-time,
daughters of mothers currently employed
in a hospital, and daughters who thought
parents should guide them in career choice,
received higher grades in several measures
of achievement.
Baribeau, Pierrette. A study of expressed
attitudes of Lamaze fathers toward labor
and deli\'ery experience. Boston, 1964.
Thesis (M.Sc.) Boston University.
This exploratory study is concerned with
the father's attitude toward the labor and
delivery phase of his wife's pregnancy.
The investigation was conducted within the
realm of the Lamaze method of childbirth.
It was assumed that by defining the father's
role during this important event, the Lamaze
method was contributing to the reduction
of the father's anxiety by an increased feel-
ing of participation.
The sample included six fathers whose
wives had had a succesful labor according
to the Lamaze method. The fathers were
present only during the labor period. Four
of the fathers were doctors, one was an
architect and the sixth was an assistant
researcher. Three were having their second
or third experience with the Lamaze
method of childbirth; for three, it was
their first experience.
The method of data collection was a
partially structured interview with open-end-
ed questions. The interviews were conduct-
ed in offices, restaurants or in waiting-
rooms. The responses were recorded verb-
atim with the aid of a tape recorder.
The data were analyzed in relation to
the father's attitude toward childbirth,
labor, role perception, and the influence
of his participation on these attitudes.
In conclusion, it appears that the Lamaze
fathers, as they gained more experience
with the method, also gained more confi-
dence in the value of their participation.
They expressed less anxiety verbally and
in their reported behavior as long as they
were allowed to be with their wives to assist
them. They agreed that the Lamaze method
52 THE CANADIAN NURSE
is a support to the father because of the
knowledge given, the defined task, and
the rationale for active participation of
the husband in the childbirth process. Some
fathers expressed the belief that having
something to do was a help to them. Their
encounter with the Lamaze method left
them with a feeling of satisfaction and a
positive attitude toward childbirth.
Consequently, it is recommended that
prenatal classes should stress the import-
ance of usefulness of the father in the
antepartal and partal period. Such classes
should include, beside the usual knowledge,
a better delineation of the father's role.
Nurses should be aware of the father's
need for a role definition and be prepared
to supply such information. Furthermore,
a study should be made to ascertain the
degree of decreased anxiety experienced
by the Lamaze fathers as compared to
the amount of anxiety of other prepared
fathers.
McKinnon, M. Barbara, Sister. Coordination
within tire educatioMI program in hos-
pital schools of nursing. London, 1965.
Thesis (M.Sc.N.) Univ. of Western
Ontario.
This study was designed primarily to
determine the need for greater coordination
within the educational program as perceiv-
ed by directors, teachers, and head nurses
participating in selected hospital schools
of nursing programs. The project investi-
gates four main aspects of coordination,
namely: 1. the perceived need for coordina-
tion, the degree of this need, and the
reasons underlying it; 2. the functions that
may conceivably be included in coordina-
tion; 3. an assessment of how well coor-
dination is currently carried out; the re-
cognized need for modification of activities,
Toul!h
The 900 people who have
joined Canadian University
Service Overseas took on a
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and how this modification may be effected;
4. the persons deemed most suitable to
effect coordination, and their desirable
qualifications.
Since only 5 of the 63 diploma schools
in Ontario employ an educational coordin-
ator, it seemed pertinent to explore the
reactions of these coordinators regarding
their recent appointments and the extent
of their contribution to the school program.
Findings from the study indicate the
expressed need for greater coordination
within the educational program in hospital
schools of nursing. Evidence points to the
advisability of charging one person within
a school faculty with the primary responsi-
bility for coordinating the educational pro-
gram. The research data from this project
should be assessed within the framework
of further definitive study of the whole
organizational pattern and allocation of the
many functions involved in implementation
of the educational program.
Bell, Franc" E, A study of programs in
selected schools of nursing to determine
the liberal education content of the
curriculum with specific reference to
learning experiences related to nursing
of the aged. London, 1966. Thesis
(M.Sc.N.) Univ. of Western Ontario.
This survey study explores the liberal
education content of the curriculum of
four purposely selected schools of nursing,
with specific reference to learning ex-
periences related to nursing of the aged.
None of the schools in the sample are
associated in the traditional manner with a
hospital; two are located within multidisci-
pline institutions, and two in single dis-
cipline institutions.
Through the use of a questionnaire, data
were collected pertinent to the following:
the general education prerequisite for
entrance; what comprises the general educ-
ation component; the means used to liber-
alize the professional education component;
and how these are utilized with specific
reference to learning experiences related
to nursing of the aged. This study is not
intentionally either comparative or evalu-
ative in relation to these curricula.
Recommendations arising from the find-
ings in the study include: 1. repetition of
the project using a larger sample with the
possible development of tools for purposely
comparing and evaluating the curricula
studied; 2. research into what comprises
the most appropriate general education
background for entrance into basic schools
of nursing; 3. further exploration through
research and the continuing refinement of
the curricula in schools of nursing to ascer-
tain how these may be optimally liberalized;
4. strengthening of the general education
and professional education preparation of
teachers in schools of nursing to maximize
their contribution to the liberalizing of the
curriculum.
MARCH 1967
,
".
o
Ie
books
Nursing Care of the Adolescent by S.L.
Hammar, M.D. and Jo Ann Eddy, B.S.,
R.N. 232 pages. New York, Springer
Publishing Company, Inc., 1966.
Reviewed by Mrs. S. Lyons, nursing
service supervisor, The Montreal Chil-
dren's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec.
This text is informative, realistic frank,
and practical. By discussing the normal
phases of adolescence, and by explaining and
interpreting the confusing physical and
emotional changes that occur, the authors
answer many questions and clear up com-
mon misconceptions.
Dr. Hammar and Miss Eddy bring forth
an important concept when they deal with
the feelings of the nurse as well as those
of the adolescent. They point out the need
for the nurse to understand her own feelings
before she can effectively cope with those
of the adolescent and thus establish good
rapport.
The emotional responses and the be-
havioral changes of the "normal" adoles-
cent are discussed, and ways of helping
him handle them are presented. In ad-
dition to stating a principle to be followed,
examples of the "how" are included, which
make the management more concrete and
meaningful. This is followed by a discus-
sion of illness and the additional stress that
this places on the teenager due to his hyper-
sensitivity and uncertain self-image.
Most nursing texts deal primarily with
diseases and nursing care; however, this
book emphasizes normal teenage growth,
development, and behavior. The many
unique problems confronting the sick ado-
lescent, either physically or emotionally,
are discussed within this context. Each
chapter of this paperback is followed by a
summary and suggested reference readings.
This book would help those dealing with
adolescents in sickness or in health, at home,
at school, or in hospital. It simply and
directly discusses the many and unique
problems confronting the adolescent, and
explains the inconsistent behavior character-
istic of this age group, for example, resolu-
tion of the conflict between dependency and
independency.
The authors' stated objective is met. "This
book is not intended to be a comprehensive
discourse on adolescence, for it neither
covers the entire field of adolescence, nor
details all illness found in this age group,
but we hope that it will be a useful hand-
book."
MARCH 1967
Continuity of Patient Care: The Role of
Nursing edited by K. Mary Straub, R.N.,
Ed.D. and Kitty S. Parker, R.N., M.S.N.
232 pages. Washington, The Catholic
University of America Press, 1966.
Reviewed by the laJe Dr. Katherine Mac-
Laggan, director, School of Nursing,
University of New Brunswick, Fredericton,
N.B.
The editors have done a yeoman job in
their attempt to present a report of the
1965 Workshop of the School of Nursing
of the Catholic University of America. This
workshop was "designed to consider the
responsibilities of nurse practitioners in as-
suring continuity of patient care."
The report is presented in two parts:
presentation of main topics, and summaries
of seminar proceedings. The first part is
composed of the papers presented by com-
petent authorities, followed in some cases
by discussions of these papers. The second
part summarizes the discussion and the
deliberation of the group sessions. Every-
one familiar with the workshop technique
DIRECTORS
AND
ASSIST ANT
DIRECTORS
tJ
WORKSHOPS ON
PROBLEM-SOLVING
learn and practice problem-
solving skills applied to
Hospital Nursing Service
Have you registered?
Halifax April 11-14, 1967
Vancouver May 2-5, 1967
It s later than you think!
Write to:
CANADIAN
50 The Driveway,
Ottawa 4, Ontario.
NURSES' ASSOCIATION
will accept that repetItIon is unavoidable,
and, of course, repetition is evident in this
report.
Details, such as demographic data, and
legislation affecting maternal and child
health services and mental health services,
are American in orientation, but the inter-
pretation of these details is applicable to
the Canadian situation.
All nurses, to say nothing of the power
figures in Canada who make the big deci-
sions about health, such as doctors, ministers
of health, government officials, and admi-
nistrators of health services, should read
the report to broaden their horizons on
the meaning of continuity of patient care.
For instance, Dr. Eleanor P. Hunt, a
consultant on biostatistics to the research
division of the Children's Bureau in Wash-
ington, says:
"The health professions then have
changed from their traditional role of im-
provement of the physical ills of an indi-
vidual on a personal basis to community
based action leading to the prevention of
disease and the correction of all physical,
economic, emotional, and spiritual problems
surrounding illness."
While this has been said before in many
conteAts and in other words, it still counts
as big news for those who make decisions
and ensure action.
To nurse educators, the report has im-
plications for curriculum development. To
nurse administrators, it indicates the ex-
tent to which the base of operation in nurs-
ing services must be widened. To nurse
practitioners, it provides some insight into
the magnitude of the nursing role in con-
temporary society.
Gynecologic Nursing by John I. Brewer,
M.D., Ph.D., Doris M. Molbo, R.N.,
Ph.B., and Albert B. Gerbie, M.D. 171
pages. St. Louis, Mosby, 1966.
The subtitle calls this "A textbook con-
cerning nursing through an understanding
of the patients themselves and their gyne-
cologic problems." It is directed toward
aiding the student to develop good judg-
ment in patient care, rather than toward
providing her with vast stores of facts. The
book outlines some guides in human rela-
tionships as well as the necessary facts and
procedures of gynecologic nursing.
Because the authors have prepared a
book that will assist nurses to make judg-
ments, much of the content involves con-
THE CANADIAN NURSE 53
books
cepts that could be applied to all patients
in hospital. Chapters on "The Essence of
Nursing," "The Preoperative Patient," and
'The Postoperative Patient," contain much
material that is applicable to all surgical
nursing, yet the approach is such that it
is in no way repetitive.
When the size of the book is considered.
for it is a slim volume, one is impressed
by the thoroughness and completeness of
the material and the clear, concise method
of presentation. h is an easy book to read.
At the end of each chapter, lists of re-
commended reading for students, patients
and instructors are given.
The second chapter of the book, "The
Patient's Symptoms," presents the three
main gynecological symptoms: bleeding,
pruritis, and pain. This discussion of symp-
toms, and their meaning to both patients
and nurses, provides one of the best intro-
ductions to patient understanding to be
found in a nursing text. A thorough expla-
nation of the psychological basis of symp-
toms is supplied. The section on pain is
excellent and should be read by every
nurse.
Gynecologic Nursing deserves consider-
ation as a text in schools of nursing, and
as well should be available on every ward
that has gynecologic patients. It mi:;ht
also be required reading prior to 1riservice
discussions for graduate nurse ç .
Maternity Care in the World, Interna-
tional Survey of Midwifery Practice
and Training. Report of a Joint Study
Group of the International Federation of
Gynaecology and Obstetrics and the In-
ternational Confederation of Midwives.
527 pages. 1966. Toronto, Pergamon
Press.
Reviewed by Miss Frances Howard, nurs-
ing consultam, Canadian Nurses' Associa-
tion, Ottawa, Ontario.
Another first has been added to the in-
creasing body of infonnation on world
health services. Through the joint effort of
the InternationaJ Federation of Gynaecology
and Obstetrics and the InternationaJ Council
of Midwives. a world survey of maternity
health services was begun in 1961. Maternity
Care in the World is a compilation of the
data obtained through this survey.
The purpose of the study was to inves-
tigate the training and practice of midwives
throughout the world. However the study
group recognized the need to obtain other
kinds of infonnation related to the practice
of midwifery. Vital statistics on maternal
health services as well as information on
the training and practice of midwives was
obtained.
One hundred and seventy-four countries
54 THE CANADIAN NURSE
CNA's Repository Collection of Nursing Studies
Next month. Canadian Library Week will be observed. Last year THE CANADIAN
NURSE recognized a sister association's special week by a feature article on the CNA
Library. This year it seemed appropriate to describe a rather unique aspect of the library
service, the CNA Repository Collection of Nursing Studies.
Four years ago the decision was made that the Canadian Nurses' Association
would establish and maintain a collection of nursing studies. When the CNA library
was established on a formal basis in 1964, this collection became the responsibility of
the library.
The collection now contains some 90 studies, and includes master's and doctoral
theses and studies by government organizations and institutions. Their scope varies
from major surveys of large areas or topics to investigations of relatively small scope.
The only governing criterion is that the study is on a subject of concern to nursing in
Canada, or, in the case of a thesis, was conducted by a Canadian nurse.
The earliest study in the collection at present is the famous Weir Report, Survey
of Nursing Education in Canada, printed in 1932 by the University of Toronto Press.
This report is now out of print but is still very much in demand for schools of nursing
libraries. This demand may now be met, in part at least, by loans from the CNA
library.
Recent additions to the collection include Portrait of Nursing; a Plan for the
Education of Nurses in New Brunswick by CNA President, Dr. K.E. MacLaggan; The
Study of Nursing Education in Canada by Dr. H.K. Mussallem for the Royal Commis-
sion on Health Services; The Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on Nursing Education
in Saskatchewan (Tucker Report); master's theses from some of the 1966 graduating
class at the University of Western Ontario; and A Study of Inactive Nurses in Alberta
by Irene M. Buchan, a Canadian Nurses' Foundation scholar, submitted toward a
master's degree at the University of Washington.
Canadian Nurses' Foundation scholars are required, and other master's and doctoral
students are encouraged, to deposit their theses in the collection. Since only minimal
funds are available to assist the students to defray typing costs of a copy of their study
for the collection, many students prefer to lend us a copy with written permission to
Xerox it.
Studies deposited in the collection are shown as received in the special listings
in the CNA Bul/etin and in the accession list of the CNA library in THE CANADIAN
NURSE.
In 1964, the Canadian Nurses' Association issued an Index of Canadian Nursing
Studies (now out of print). This issue of the Index included many studies for which
copies were not available in the collection. In the revised Index the majority of the
studies are available for consultation from the CNA collection of Nursing Studies.
Now, still another key to the collection will be available in the form of selected
abstracts that are to be published periodically in THE CANADIAN NURSE.
Use of the collection as a resource tool for nursing research and studies increases
daily, both at national office and across Canada by inter-library loan. Some studies
are booked months ahead. The CNA Repository Collection of Nursing Studies, while
still young and developing, is already proving of value to the profession and to the
contributors.
were included in the study. Data are re-
ported by country and by region. A com-
mentary is included for each country. Com-
parative tables illustrating data on maternity
care and midwifery training and practice
by country and by region are included. Vital
statisticaJ data are reported for the years
1951 and 1961. In addition there is a
summary of the world situation. Included
are vitaJ statistics, by region, and a sum-
mary commentary on methods of training
and roles and functions of midwives. Prob-
lems of definition and registration which in-
hibit the conduct of global studies are
noted.
The study group recognized that recom-
mendations could not be made toward spe-
cific action in individual countries. Instead,
recommendations relate to the conduct of
similar national studies as a prelude to the
establishment of national P9licies. Similar
internationaJ studies are recommended for
the future.
It is also recommended that aJl countries
aim at establishing uniform definitions, thus
allowing for more conclusive comparative
data. Other recommendations refer to re-
gistration of midwives, aid to developing
countries, improvement of standards of
training and practice. and increased country
membership in the ICM and the F.I.G.O.
Maternity Care in tllC World is described,
in the preface, as "the end of the beginning,"
As such it is a vaJuable reference book for
all health personnel involved with maternity
services. It provides an opportunity to com-
pare progress with that of other countries
and to learn of other methods of training
and utilization of midwives. The recom-
mendations call for continued study and im-
provement and provide a directive for future
action, internationally and nationally.
MARCH 1967
R
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' I
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fr No.
510
_ ANN COHN. L.P. N.
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,íO JOHN
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MARCH 1967
books
Migraine by Harold Maxwell, M.D. 64
pages. Toronto, The Macmillan Company
of Canada Limited, 1966.
Reviewed by Miss W. Bell, director of
nursing service, The General and Marine
Hospital, Owen Sound, Onto
No.
100
While Migraine has been written essen-
tially for the medical profession by one
of its own members, this in no way detracts
from its interest for those outside the
profession, and particularly those afflicted
by headache. Since we are told in the fore-
ward that approximately one in ten of our
adult population is affected, in some degree,
by migraine, it should follow that this
publication will be widely and thoughtfulIy
read.
Many theories are expressed as to the
cause of migraine and it has been variously
described throughout the centuries. Insuf-
ficient evidence gave no real support to
the thinking of those who sought to clas-
sify it as an allergy. However, some evidence
did indicate that migraine sufferers are
more likely to be people who present
neurotic symptoms, the most notable one
being anxiety. It is thought that they pos-
sess unresolved, unconscious conflicts mak-
ing stressful life situations too difficult to
handle. Somatic, hysterical and phobic feat-
ures may also be observed. However, it
must be realized that there is no conclusive
proof that migraine is the only affliction
to which the foregoing symptoms are
linked.
The doctor-patient relationship is stres-
sed in a very positive way, and the rap-
port and relationship between the patient
and general practitioner is highly signifi-
cant, being a means of lessening tension
for the patient to a marked degree. Time,
of course, is an essential element.
The concluding chapter is a real high-
light for patients with this illness. It deals
with many of their accompanying problems
in a most practical and helpful way and
ends with the locations of the migraine
clinics situated throughout England.
No.
169
Medicine for Nurses, 10 ed., by W. Gordon
Sears, M.D. (Lond.), M.R.C.P. (Lond.).
549 pages. Toronto, The Macmillan
Company of Canada Limited, 1966.
Re
'iewed by Miss Thelma Pelley, director
of nursing, Stratford General Hospital.
Stratford, Ontario.
This text presents a concise compilation
of elementary data pertaining to the symp-
tomatology, diagnosis, and medical treat-
ment of diseases that are classified in ac-
Next Month
in
The
Canadian
Nurse
. Cancer
chemotherapy
. Changes
in Saskatchewan's
nursing
education
. Official
opening
of CNA
Headquarters
D
Photo credits
Dominion-Wide, pp. 11, 19
National Film Board, pp. 30, 32
National Health and Welfare,
pp. 30, 32, 33, 43
Miller Photo Services, Toronto,
pp. 37, 38, 41
University of Guelph, p. 46
THE CANADIAN NURSE 55
books
cordance with their relationship to parti-
cular body systems and/or functions.
In the preface to this tenth edition of
a text first published more than 30 years
ago, the author states that he has "not
materially altered the general plan or
academic level of the contents." It is there-
fore understandable that the text will
have limited relevance to any progressive
program in nursing. The title of the text,
and the author's introductory comment
that the text is designed to assist nursing
students to acquire the minimum know-
ledge of medical science required for the
writing of the General Nursing Council
examinations, suggests a simplified, in-
complete presentation of medical data.
In a disease-oriented approach, the text
does not place emphasis upon any explan-
ation of primary principles of medicine and
their application to nursing practice. The
limited scope of the presentation is illustrat-
ed by the limited introductory definitions
of "medicine" and "health," which des-
cribe medicine as "the art and science
of healing disease," and health as "the
perfect structure of all organs and tissues
of the body with a perfect performance of
all their functions." These definitions do
not express the broader concepts of pre-
ventive medicine and of the World Health
Organization definition of health which
implies not perfection but a relative state
of well-being and effective personal and
social functioning.
The format of the text is a collection of
brief, simplified definitions organized prim-
arily on a basis of the systems affected.
It would seem that the format, approach,
and content of the text tend to encourage
memorization of given factual data rather
than to stimulate a questioning attitude or
an intelligent analysis and application of
scientific principles to nursing practice.
A further illustration of the limitations
of the presentation is the fact that in the
discussion of metabolism, the emphasis is
upon disorders, with practically no refer-
ence to the normal processes of metabolic
function. There are brief comments upon
fluid needs but no reference to the phy-
siology and importance of electrolyte ba-
lance.
It is submitted therefore that this text
has little to offer the instructor, student
or practitioner of nursing who has access
to a wide selection from many compre-
hensive texts on pathology, physiology, and
pharmacology. There is also a wide selec-
tion of medical nursing texts that assist the
nurse to understand and apply the basic
principles of medical, physical, and social
sciences, which are indivisibly interrelated
to the art and science of nursing.
All nurses today are committed to an
obligation to be learners, teachers, and prac-
titioners of the art of nursing. Therefore,
the nurse of today needs the assistance of
texts that provide intellectual stimuli and
give an adequate illustration and explana-
tion of the correlation and the application
of scientific facts and principles, which are
the underlying rationale of the essential
skills exercised in the practice of nursing.
Introduction to Growth, Development
and Family Life by Dorothy Ellen Bab-
cock, R.N., B.S.N.E., M.S.N. 2d ed. 145
pages. Toronto, The Ryerson Press, 1966.
Reviewed by Denise Martin, clinical in-
structor, St. Elizabeth Hospital, Hum-
boldt, Saskatchewan.
This paperback text is divided into three
parts: part one, Self Understanding; part
two, Normal Child Development; and part
three, Maturity.
As stated in the preface, the book is
intended for those engaged in Practical I
Vocational Nursing. It is written in a very
basic and informal style with considera-
tion given to basic principles and the ap-
plication of these principles to the care
of patients. Each part is preceded by an
overview and ended with a summary, dis-
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hospital-white tubing and ear pieces with the slim-fit
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THE CANADIAN NURSE
Heartburn's one of the worst kinds of
indigestion. And Tums are the best way
of relieving it. Wherever you are take
Tums; they need no water, taste pleas-
antly minty, act fast to bring long-last-
ing relief from heartburn, gas and indi-
gestion, and cost so little. Tums fight
acid indigestion so well because the y
consume 93 times their own wei g ht in
excess stomach acid - So take heart,
heartburn sufferers - take Tums for
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MARCH 1967
books
cussion questions, and references. Through-
out the chapters there are many diagrams
and illustrations.
Part one, Self Understanding, summarizes
the concepts of personality development
and those factors that influence its develop-
ment. The "iceberg" phenomenon is dia-
gramed and explained.
Major developmental milestones and the
basic physical and emotional needs of the
individual at various age levels comprise
part two. Each chapter has a catchy head-
ing, eg., "Jet Age - Between One and Five
Years." The same pattern is carried through
to part three, Maturity.
The book fulfills the author's intention
of preparing a book, on an introductory
level, for the practical nurse and of doing
this in an interesting style.
Educational Psychology by S.R. Laycock
and H.C. Munro. 470 pages. Toronto,
The Copp Clark Publishing Company,
1966.
Reviewed by Mrs. Frederica Heasman,
R.R. # 1, Cam , lachie Ontario.
Writers of applied introductory texts
face a number of hazards for they must
try to mtroduce a subject to students who
do not have the requisite background knowl-
edge. Hopefully, the day will come when
student teachers have a background of phi-
losophy, sociology, psychology, growth and
development, etc., before they try to for-
mulate ideas about teaching.
Some authors writing for students with
limited backgrounds resort to admonish-
ing, eg., "you must accept..... or to offer-
ing simple solutions to complex questions,
eg., "the best way is to..... Others offer
much detail, obscuring the viewpoint they
seek to express.
A need exists for these texts and will
continue as long as school teachers are
being prepared in short programs in
teachers' colleges, and nursing specialists in
education, supervision, and public health
are offered postgraduate courses of one
academic year.
This text deserves wide recognition. It
has avoided the pitfalls and contributes
positively to an understanding of learning.
Some of its strengths are: I. The role of
the teacher as outlined is warm, humane,
and creative. Differences in students,
teachers, and approaches to learning are
supported, and statements made are based
on well-chosen references. 2. A skillful selec-
tion of the material presented has resulted
in a well-organized text written in pleasant
English. 3. A variety of approaches to
problems of teaching are outlined as exam-
ples of creative thinking rather than as
MARCH 1967
solutions. A basis for evaluation is sug-
gested and is integrated throughout the text
in such a way that evaluation is presented
as one process of learning. 4. It would
be difficult for a person using this text to
avoid going on to further reading in the
areas considered as the approach is broad
and the references are well used.
This text would be of value for beginning
teachers in nursing schools and for public
and occupational health nurses. It could
also help the experienced teacher who is
feeling "dried up" or discouraged.
It is a pleasant experience to read this
book. The authors' sincerity, enthusiasm,
and respect for learners remains undiminish-
ed after a lifetime of teaching.
The Nursing Clinics of North America,
vol. I, no. 3, September 1966. June S.
Rothberg, guest editor. Chronic Disease
and Rehabilitation. 533 pages. A W.B.
Saunders publication, available in Canada
from McAinsh & Co. Ltd., of Toronto
and Vancouver.
Reviewed by Mrs. J. Peitchinis, associate
professor, School of Nursing, University
of Western Ontario, London, Ontario.
Twenty nursing specialists contribute 17
papers to this "Symposium on Chronic
Disease and Rehabilitation," which prob-
ably does provide, as the guest editor hoped
it would, valuable new insight and specific
suggestions for nurses practicing in all set-
tings.
The reviewer concurs with those authors
who perceive many of the assumptions
and practices discussed in the symposium
to be applicable and imperative in all nur-
sing: there are rehabilitative aspects in the
care of most patients, and one looks
forward to the time when all nursing
practice is directed toward them, so that
the adjective rehabilitative becomes un-
necessary. The reviewer prefers the term
long-term illness or disability employed by
many of the contributors to those of chronic
disease or disability used in the subtitle,
and by some of the authors.
The symposium sets out many of the
basic assumptions underlying "rehabilitative
nursing." It discusses the assessment of
"patient need," approaches to working ef-
fectively with patients, and means for co-
ordinating all the services of the health
team. In some papers the nurse is seen as
the team leader. The role of the clinical
nursing specialist in a rehabilitation center
is described, and possibilities for nursing in
industrial health settings are suggested. Not
only is consideration given to the care of
patients with particular long-term illnesses,
but also to the process of aging, and to re-
habilitation of psychiatric and pediatric
patients. There are numerous illustrations
and patient studies to facilitate the reader's
understanding; proposals for teaching re-
habilitative care to nonprofessional person-
nel are also presented.
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with the sliding section of the belt in the
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back of the patient; the ends are taken back
of the chair and hooked together. When this
Posey Belt is used on a patient in bed, it
is slipped over the patient's head, with the
long strap at the patient's back. The snaps
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 57
films
Fire Safety
They Called It Fireproof was produced
in 1963 by the National Film Board. In the
film, a coroner's inquest investigates the
causes of a fire that took the lives of
two patients in a supposedly "fireproof'
hospital. It shows how every individual in
the hospital has a responsibility for safety-
consciousness and constant vigilance.
The film is an excellent one for all levels
, rJæt.
,
'"
..
of hospital personnel, and should be shown
in all schools of nursing and be used ex-
tensively in inservice education programs.
The 28-minll1e, color, sound picture re-
ceived an award from the (USA) National
Committee on Films for Safety. It is avail-
able on loan for a nominal service charge
from the regional office of the National
Film Board, or from the Canadian Film
Institute. 1762 Carling Ave.. Ottawa 13.
Community Health
A useful film for student nurses learning
about community and public health pro-
grams might be A Day in the life of a
,
\
Wondersole Is contoured
to rnatch the shape of your
foot. Your body weight is dis-
tributed evenly along Its entire
length for cornplete support.
,.
'\
'\
'"
-
What a difference Air Step's new Wondersole makes to ycur
general feeling of well-being. It lets you walk on the entire
bottom of your foot instead of Just the heel and ball. This
allows you to walk and stand longer without strain.
For the name of your nearest Air Step dealer, write Air Step WARD
DivisIOn, Brown Shoe Company of Canada, Ltd., Perth, $15.99
o.l""'
e
:
::'"
THE SHOE WITH THE MAGIC SOLE 'Prices quoted are Suggested Retail Prices.
Air Step Division, Brown Shoe Company of Canada Ltd., Perth, Ontario
58 THE CANADIAN NURSE
MEDIC
$15.99*
Public Health Nurse. This film was prepar-
ed for television audiences and centers
around the South Okanagan Health Unit in
Kelowna, B.C. It shows some of tl}e special
services offered in the health department.
It also illustrates some of the facilities
for consultation and service from the staff
of the provincial mental health services.
The film can be obtained from the Cana-
dian Film Institute, 1762 Carling Ave.,
Ottawa 13, or from your provincial film
library. The black and white film was
produced in : 963 and runs for 12 minutes.
accession list
Publications in this list of material
received recently in the CNA library are
shown in language of source. The majority
(reference material and theses, indicated
by R excepted) may be borrowed by CNA
members, and by libraries of hospitals and
schools of nursing and other institutions.
Requests for loans should be made on the
"Request Form for Accession List" {page
60) and should be addressed to: The
Library, Canadian Nurses' Association,
50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario.
BOOKS AND DOCUMENTS
I. Australasian hospital directory and
nurses' year book 1966. Compiled and an-
notated by A.L. Hart. Sydney, N.S.W.,
New South Wales Nurses' Assoc., 1966.
185p. R
2. Canadian annual review, 1965. Edit-
ed by John Saywell. Toronto, University
of Toronto Press, 1966. 569p. R
3. Child psychiatry. Ottawa, Canadian
Psychiatric Association Journal, vol. 10,
no. 5, October 1965. p. 423-443.
4. Comparisons of intensive nursing
service in a circular and a rectangular unit;
Rochester Methodist Hospital, Rochester
Minn., by Madelyne Sturdavant. Chicago.
American Hospital Association, 1960.
219p.
5. Examinations and their place ill med-
ical education and educational research.
Edited by John P. Hubbard. Evanston Ill.,
Association of American Medical Colleges,
c1966. 69p. (Journal of Medical Education.
vol. 41, no. 7, pt. 2, July 1966.)
6. Factors influencing continuity of
nursing service by Louise C. Smith. Study
sponsored by National League for Nursing;
directed by Institute of Research and Ser-
vice in Nursing Education, Teachers Col-
lege, Columbia University. New York,
NLN, 1962. 139p.
7. Handbook for the night super-
visor in the small hospital by Sister M.
Virginia Clare. St. Louis. Catholic Hospital
Association, 1963. lOOp.
8. Higher education ill a changing
Canada; symposium presented by Royal
MARCH 1967
accession list
Society of Canada in 1965. Edited by J.E.
Hodgetts. Toronto, Published for the
Society by University of Toronto Press,
1966. 90p.
9. Horizons unlimited; a handbook des-
cribing rewarding career opportunities in
medicine and allied fields. Chicago, Amer-
ican Medical Association, c1966. l30p.
10. How to find ollt; a guide to sources
of information for all arranged by the
Dewey Decimal Classification. Edited by
G. Chandler. 2d ed. London, Pergamon,
c1963. 198p.
I I. Manual of hospital planning pro-
cedures. Chicago, American Hospital As-
sociation, 1966, cl958. 72p.
12. The nursing clinics of North Amer-
ica, v. I, no. 4. December, 1966. Philadel-
phia, Saunders. 209p. Contents: Sympo-
sium on the nurse and the new machinery.
Ruby M. Harris, guest editor. Symposium
on mental retardation, Kathryn Barnard,
guest editor.
13. Occasional paper ':0. 64, Ottawa,
Canadian Library Association, 1966. 2 pts.
pt. I. Canadian books, pamphlets and do-
cuments on gerontology in the Library of
Parliament. pt. 2. Articles on aging indexed
in Canadian periodical index 1947-1965,
excerpted by Joan O'Rourke.
14. The operation of state hospital
planning and licensing programs by G. Hil-
ary Fry. Chicago, American Hospital As-
sociation, c1965. l34p.
15. Personal and vocational relation-
ships of the practical nurse by Marion
Keith Stevens. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1967.
258p.
16. Pharmacology for practical nurses
2d. ed. by Mary Kaye Asperheim. Philadel-
phia, Saunders, 1967. 163p.
17. The Planning of change; readings
in the applied behavioral sciences edited
by Warren G. Bennis and Kenneth D.
Benne and Robert Chin. New York, Holt,
Rinehart and Winston, 1964, c1961. 289p.
18. Psychology of human behavior for
nurses, 3d ed. Lorraine Bradt Dennis. Phi-
ladelphia, Saunders, 1967. 289p.
19. Psychology of human behavior for
nurses, 3d ed. Instructors' guide, by Lor-
raine Bradt Dennis. Philadelphia, Saunders,
1967. HOp.
20. The sister as a clinical specialist by
Sister Léon Douville and Sister Marilyn
Emminger. St. Louis, Conference of Catho-
lic Schools of Nursing, 1966. 126p.
21. Skills that build executive success.
Boston, Graduate School of Business Ad-
ministration Harvard University, 1964.
121p. (Selections from Harvard Business
Review.)
22. A sociological framework for patient
care. Edited by Jeannette R. Folta and Edith
MARCH 1967
S. Deck New York, Wiley, c1966. 418p.
23. A study of arbitration decisions by
Carl Hamilton. Toronto, United Steel-
workers of America, 1966. 84p.
24. Your health and you by H.P.
Simonson and E.A. Hastie and H.A.
Dorothy. Toronto, Macmillan, c1966.
153p.
PAMPHLETS
25. A brief to Committee on the Heal-
ing Arts. Toronto, Registered Nurses' As-
sociation of Ontario. 1966. 27p.
26. Enrolment in Canadian universities
anå colleges to 1976/77; 1966 projection,
by Edward F. Sheffield. Ottawa, Associa-
tion of Universities and Colleges, 1966.
20p.
27. An index of care by J.A.K. Mac-
Donell and G.B. Murr!!y, Ottawa, Medical
Services J. 31 :499-517, Sep. 1965. Reprint.
28. Job descriptions. St. John's, Asso-
ciation of Registered Nurses of Newfound-
land, 1966. 16p.
29. Joint statement on non-nursing acti-
,'ities carried out by nursing personnel in
some hospitals. Vancouver, British Colum-
bia Hospitals' Association and Registered
DANDRUFF
WARD
DANDRUFF
WARD
You won't see this in your hospital
We're not trying to fool you.
We're making a point'
That dandruff is a serious medical
problem and the only truly effective
treatment is the medical one - Selsun
by Abbott.
Selsun clears up annoying, unsight-
ly dandruff in two or three treatments.
(thoroughly effective in 92% to 95%
cases reported l ).
You use it like any shampoo. Works
fast. Comes in a handy unbreakable
bottle. Leaves your hair glistening.
Really, there's no room for dandruff
in your professional or social life. Use
Selsun and get to the root of the
problem.
Precautions: Occasional sensitization
of the neck and external ear may
occur. Falling hair which may accom-
pany scalp treatment is usually due to
an impoverished or diseased condition
of the hair and scalp.
1 Slinger, W. N., and Hubbard, D. M., Treat-
ment of Seborrheic Dermal,tis with a Shampoo
Containing Selenium Disulfide, Arch. Dermal.
& Syph.. 64:41, 1951.
EJ
Selsun*
.Trademark registered
(Selenium Sulfide Detergent Suspension, U.S.P.)
ABBOTT LABORATORIES LIMITED Halifax. Montreal. Toronto. Winnipeg' Vancouver
THE CANADIAN NURSE 59
accession list
Nurses' Association of Britis!l. Columbia
Joint Committee, 1966. 6p.
30. A list of schools of nursing in
Olltario and minimum education require-
ments for entrance. Toronto, Ontario Hos-
pital Association, 1966. 30p.
31. Problem areas in the scientific,
engineering and nursing professions by
Garnet T. Page. Montreal 1963. 9p.
32. Sun'ey of salaries and employment
conditions in non federal psychiatric hos-
pitals. June 1, 1965. New York, American
Nurses' Association. Research and Statistics
Unit, 1966. 31p.
33. Tentative draft for 1966-67 of the
policies and procedures of accreditation of
the Dept. of Baccalaureate and Higher
Degree Programs of the National League
for Nur
im!. rev. New York. National
League for Nursing. Dept. of Baccalaureate
and Higher Degree Programs, 1966. 20p.
34. Théorie et pratique du case work
par Gordon Hamilton. Paris, Comité fran-
çais de service social et d'action sociale,
1965. 294p.
35. To make a good assignment by
Laura Jean Otto New York, National
League for Nursing. Dept. of Hospital
Nursing, 1963. 21p.
GOVERNMENT DoCUMENTS
Canada
36. Bureau fédéral de la statlstlque.
Annuaire du Canada; ressources, histoire,
institutions et situation économique et so-
ciale du Canada. Ottawa, Imprimeur de la
Reine, 1966. 1302p.
37. Dept. of Labour. Legislation
Branch. Developments in the enactment
and administration of labour laws in Cana-
da; August, 1 965-September, 1966. Ottawa,
1966. 67p.
38. Dept. of National Health and Wel-
fare. Emergency Health Services. Emer-
gency hospital operating manual 1966. Ot-
tawa, Queen's Printer, 1966. 102p.
39. Ministère de la Santé Nationale et
du Bien-être Social. Services de Santé
d'Urgence. La section du nursing. Biblio-
graphie se rapportant au nursing d'urgence.
Ottawa, 1965. 30p.
40. Ministère de la Santé Nationale et
dll Bien-être Social. Services de Santé d'Ur-
gence. Soins médicaux en cas de désastre;
collection d'artic1es. Ottawa, 1965. 135p.
Nova Scotia
41. Dept. of Labour. Economics and
Research Division. Wage rates and hours
of labour in Nova Scotia. Halifax, 1966.
226p.
United States
42. Dept. of Health, Education and
Welfare. Public Health Service. Admini-
strative aspects of hospital central medical
and surgical supply sen'ices. Washington,
1966. 37p.
43. -. A manual for hospital cen-
tral medical and surgical supply services.
Washington, 1966. 106p.
44. Dept. of Labour. Bureau of Labour
Statistics. Major collective bargaining agree-
ments; arbitration procedures. Washington,
U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1966. 167p.
45. -. Major collective bargaining
agreements; management rights and union-
management co-operation. Washington,
U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1966. 69p.
46. National Center for Health Statistics.
Report of the United States delegation to
the 1nternational Conference for the Eighth
Revision of the International Classification
of Diseases. Geneva, July 6-12, 1965.
Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off, 1966.
STUDIES DEPOSITED IN CNA REPOSITORY
COLLECfION
47. Senior nursing students career plans
and their knowledge of and preparation for
selected positions in nursing by Sister Loret-
ta Morin. Washington, 1966. Thesis
(M.Sc.N.) Catholic University of Amer-
ica. 62p. R
48. Survey of schools of nursing in the
province of Nova Scotia compiled by Sister
Clare Marie. Halifax, Registered Nurses'
Association of Nova Scotia, 1966. 2Op. R
Request Form for "Accession List"
CANADIAN NURSES' ASSOCIATION LIBRARY
Send to:
LIBRARIAN, Canadian Nurses' Association, 50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario.
Please lend me the following publications, listed in the . .... _. .. __ .... ..._
Canadian Nurse, or add my name to the waiting list to receive them when available:
Item
No.
Author
issue of The
Short title (for identification)
Requests for loans will be filled in order of receipt.
Reference and restricted material must be used in the CNA library.
Borrower
Position
Address
Date requested ..
60 THE CANADIAN NURSE
MARCH 1967
classified advertisements
ALBERTA
NIGHT SUPERVISOR, R.N. AND MEDICAL HEAD
NURSE for 9O-bed active treatment hospital in the
City of Wetoskiwin, situated midway between Ed-
monton and Red Deer. Residence accommodation
available, excellent salary ranges and fringe benefits
in effect, as well as payment for prior experienc:e.
Apply to: Director of Nursing, Municipal Hospitol,
Wetaskiwin, Alberto. 1-96-1
Registered Nurs.. (5) required (summer relief or per-
manent posts) for May 1967. The Peace River Municipal
Hospital, Alberto, was built 5 years ago and has a
complement of 70 beds. Starting salary for J 966
$370. New salary scoles expected for 1967. Peace
River is a progressive town and a beauty spot on the
Prairies. Apply to: The Director of Nursing for fuller
particulars. Peace River Municipal Hospital, Peace
River, Alberto. 1.69-1
REGISTERED NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY (WANTED)
for a 37-bed Generol Hospital. Solory $380. $440
per month. Commencing with $375 with 1 year and
$390 with 3 years practical experience elsewhere.
Full maintenance available at $35 per month. Pen-
sion plan available, train fare from any point in
Canada will be refunded after I year employment.
Hospital located in a town of 1,100 population, 85
miles from Capitol City on a paved highway.
Apply to: Two Hills Municipal Hospital, Two Hills,
Alberto. 1.88.1
NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active 30-bed hospital,
recently constructed building. Town on main line of
the C.P.R. and on Number 1 highway, midway
between the cities of Calgary and Medicine Hot.
Nurses on stoff must be willing and able to toke reo
sponsibility in all departments of nursing, with the
exceptions of the Operating Room. Recently renovated
nurses' residence with all lingle rooms situated On
hospital grounds. Apply to: Mrs. M. Hislop, Adminis-
trator and Director of Nursing, Bassano General Hos-
pital, Bossano, Alberto. 1.5.1
ADVERTISING
RATES
FOR ALL
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISINC
$10.00 for 6 Ii nes or less
$2.00 for each additional line
Rates for display
advertisements on request
Closing date for copy and cancellation is
6 weeks prior to 1st day of publication
month.
The Canadian Nurses' Association has
not yet reviewed the personnel policies
of the hospitals and agencies advertising
in the Journal. For authentic information,
prospective applicants should apply to
the Registered Nurses' Association of the
Province in which they are interested
in working.
Address correspondence to:
The
Canadian
Nurse
D _
50 THE DRIVEWAY
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO.
MARCH 1967
I I
ALBERTA
General Duty Nur.e. for active, accredited, well-
equipped 64-bed hospital in growing town, population
3,500. Salaries range from $380-$440 COmmensurate
with experience, other benefits. Nurses residence.
Excellent personnel policies and working conditions.
New modern wing opened this year. Good COmmu-
nications to large nearby cities. Apply Director of
Nursing, Brooks General Hospital, Brooks, Alberto.
1-13-18
GENERAL DUTY NURSES for modern 25-bed hos-
pital on Highway No. 12, East-Central Alberto.
Salary range $380 to $440. (including a regional
differential). New staff residence. Full maintenance
$35. Personnel policies as per AARN. Apply to the:
Director of Nursing, Coronotion Municipal Hospital,
Coronation, Alberto. Tel.: 578-3803. 1-25-18
GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 64-bed, active treatment
hospital, 35 miles South of Calgary. Salary range
$360 - $420. living accommodation avoiloble in
separate residence if desired. Full maintenance in
residence $35 per month. 30 days paid vocation after
12 months employment. Please appl y to: The Director
of Nursing, High River Municipa Hospital, High
River, Alberto. 1.46.1
GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Madern 26-bed hospital
close to Edmonton. 3 buses doily. Salary $360.00 to
$420.00 per month commensurate with experience.
Residence available $35.00 per month. Excellent
personnel policies. Apply: Director of Nursing,
Mayerthorpe Municipal Hospital, Mayerthorpe, Al-
berto. 1-61.1
GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 94-bed General Hospitol
located in Alberto's unique Dinosaur Badlands. $360
- $420 per month, 40 hour week, 31 days vocation,
pension, Blue Cross, M.S.1. and generous sick time.
Apply to: Miss M. Howkes, Director of Nursing, Drum-
heller General Hospital, Drumheller, Alberto. 1-31-2 A
BRITISH COLUMBIA
Operating Room Head Nune ($464 - $552), General
Duty Nurses (B.C. Registered $405 - $481, non-Regis-
tered $390) for fully accredited 113-bed hospital in
N.W. B.C. Excellent fishing, skiing, skating, c"rling
and bowling. Hot springs swimming nearby. Nurses'
residence, rOOm $20 per month. Cafeteria meals.
Apply: Director of Nursing, Kitimat General Hospital,
Kitimat, British Columbia. 2-36.1
Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, B.C., invites B.C.
Registered Nurses (or those eligible) to apply for
positions in Medicine Surgery and Psychiatry. Apply
to: Director of Nursing. Victoria, British Columbia.
2-76-4A
A Medical-Surgical Nursing Instructor, with University
preparation, for a 450-bed hospital with a school of
nursing, 150 students. Apply: Sister Mary Ronalda,
M.N., Director, School of Nursing, St. Joseph's Hos-
pital, Victoria, B.C. 2-76-5B
PSYCHIATRIC CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR required by
ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL, KAMLOOPS, British Col-
umbia. For further information write to: Director of
Nursing Education, Royal I nland Hospital, Kam-
loops, B.C. 2-81-2
REGISTERED, GRADUATE NURSES AND PRACTICAL
NURSES for modern 70-bed accredited hospital On
Vancouver Island, B. C. Resort area - home of the
tyee salmon - four hours travelling time to City of
Vancouver. RNABC policies and Union Contract in
effect. Residence accommodation available. Direct
enquiries to: Director of Nursing, Campbell River and
District General Hospital, Campbell River, British
Columbia. 2-9-1 A
Graduate Nur.H of Christian conviction: (Urgently
wanted). Willing to serve for one year or more in
Mission Hospitals in the outlaying areas of Canado.
Immediate need at Queen Charlotte Islands, Bello
Bello, Hazelton and Burns Lake in British Columbia
and at Boie Verte, in Newfoundland. Salary and
working conditions as agreed between Reg. Nurses'
Association and Hospital Association of Province con-
cerned. Please contact: Board of Home Missions of
The United Church of Canada, 85 St. Clair Ave., E.,
Toronto 7, Ontario, or Dr. W.D. Watt, 6762 Cypress
Street, Vancouver 14, B.C. 2-73-25
GRADUATE NURSES for 24-bed hospital, 35-mi. from
Vancouver, on coast, lalary and personnel prac.
tices in accord with RNABC. Accommodation availa-
ble. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital,
Squamish, British Columbia. 2-68-1
I I
BRITISH COLUMBIA
B.C. R.N. for General Duty in 32 bed General Hospi.
tal. RNABC 1967 salary rate $390 - $466 and fringe
benefit., modern, comfortable, nurses' residence in
ottroctive community clole to Vancouver, B.C. For
application form write: Director of Nursing, Fraser
Canyon Hospital, R.R. I, Hope, B.C. 2.30-1
GENERAL DUTY NURSES (Two) for active 66-bed
hospital, with new hospital to open in 1968.
Active in-service programme. Salary range $372 to
$444 per month. Personnel pol icies according to
current RNABC contract. Hospital situated in beauti-
ful Eost Kootenoys of British Columbia, with swim-
ming, golfing and skiing facilities readily available.
Apply to: The Director of Nursing, St. Eugene Hos-
pital, Cranbrook, British Columbia. 2-15-1
General Duty NurSH for active 30.bed hospital.
RNABC pol icies and schedules in effect, also North-
ern allowance. Accommodations available in res.
idence. Apply: Director of Nursing, General HOlpital,
Fort Nelson, British Columbia. 2.23.1
General Duty Nurses for new 30-bed hospital
located in excellent recreational area. Salary and
personnel policies in accordance with RNABC. Com-
fortable Nurses' home. Apply: Director of Nursing,
Boundary Hospital, Grand Forks, British Columbia.
2.27-2
General Duty -Nurle. (2 immediately) for active,
26-bed hospital in the heart of the Rocky Mountains,
90 miles from Bonff and Lake Louise. Accommoda-
tion available in attractive nurses' residence. Apply
giving full details of training, experience, etc. to;
Administrator, Windermere District Hospital, Inver-
mere, British Columbia. 2.31-t
General Duty Nunes for new 37-bed hospital.
Located in Southwest British Columbia. Salary and
personnel pol icies in accordance with RNABC. $390
to $466. Accommodation available in residence. Apply
to: Director of Nursing, Nicolo Volley General Hos-
pital, Box 129, Merritt, British Columbia. 2-41-t
General Duty Nurses for well-equipped 80-bed Gener-
al Hospital in beautiful inland Volley adjacent Lake
I{athlyn and Hudson Boy Glacier. Initial salary $387.
Maintenance $60, 40-hour 5 day week, vacation with
pay, comfortable, attractive nurses' residence,
Boating, fishing, .wimming, golfing, curling, skating,
skiing. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Bulkley Volley
District Hospital, P.O. Box No. 370. Smithers, British
Columbia. 2-67-1
GENERAL DUTY NURSES - Salary - non - B.C.
registered $375 per month - B.C. registered $390-
$466, depending On experience. RNABC policies in
effect. Nurses' residence avai'able. Group Medicol
Health Plan. All winter and summer sports. Apply:
Director of Nursing, Cariboo Memorial Hospital, Wil-
I iams Lake, British Columbia. 2-80-1 A
General Duty O. R. and experienced Obstetrical
Nunes for modern, 150-bed hospital located in the
beautiful Fraser Valley. Personnel policies in ac-
cordance with RNABC. Apply to: Director of Nursing,
Chilliwack General Hospitol, Chilliwack, British Co-
lumbia. 2-13-1
General Duty and Operating Room Nurses for 70.bed
Acute General Hospital on Pacific Coast. B.C. Regis-
tered $390 - $466 per month (Credit for experience).
NOn B.C. Registered $375 - Practical Nurses B.C. Li-
censed $273 - $311 per month. Non Registered $253.
$286 per month. Boord $20 per month, room $5.00 per
month. 20 paid holidays per year and to statutory
holidays after 1 year. Fare paid from Vancouver.
Superannuation and medical plans. Apply: Director of
Nursing, St. George's Hospital, Alert Boy, British
Columbia. 2-2.t A
Genera. Duty, Operating Room and Experienced
Obstetrical Nunes for 434-bed hospital with schoo'
of nursing. Salary: $372-$444. Credit for post ex.
perienc8 and postgraduate troining. 40-hr. wk. Stat
utory hol idays. Annual increments; cumulative sick
leave; pension plan. 28-daYI annual vacation; B.C.
registration required. Apply: Director of Nursing,
Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, British
Columbia. 2-73./3
GENERAL DUTY NURSES - for t09.bed hospital in
expanding Northwestern British Columbia City. Salary
$405 to $481 for B.C. Registered Nurses with recogni-
tion for experience. RNABC contract in effect. Gradu-
ate Nurses not registered in B.C. paid $390. Benefits
include comprehensive medical and pension plans.
Travel allowance up to $60 refunded after One
year's service. Comfortable modern residence accom-
modation at $ J 5 per month, meals at cost. Apply to,
Director of Nursing, Prince Rupert General Hospital,
551.5th Avenue East, Prince Rupert, B.C. 2-58-2A
THE CANADIAN NURSE 61
BRITISH COLUMBIA
General Duty ønd Operating Room Nurses for
modern 450-bed hospitol with School of Nursing.
RNABC policies in effect. Credit for past experience
and postgraduate training. British Columbia registra.:
tion required. For particulars write to: the Director of
Nursing Service, St. Joseph's Hospital, Victoria, British
Columbio. 2.76-5
Graduate Nurse required for 26-bed hospital in sunny
B.C. interior, solory $410 per month with 28 doys
annual vacation plus 10 paid stats. Full room and
board in TV equipped residence $50 per month with
free uniform loundry. Apply: Director of Nursing,
Princeton General Hospital, Princeton, B.C. 2-59-1
GRADUATE NURSES: Join uS at the booming center
of B.C.I! Surrounded by 50 beautiful lakes with
excellent boating, swimming, fishing plus all winter
sports. On hour's drive from Prince George, the
fastest growing city in Canada. Active 44-bed hos-
pital and modern nurses' residence over looking the
picturesque Nechako River. Starting salary $372 - $408,
recognition given for experience. Health and pension
plan, 40-hr. week and 4 weeks \lacotion. Write to:
Mrs. M. Grant, Director of Nursing, St. John Hospital,
Vanderhoof, British Columbia. 2-74-1
Graduat. Nun.. for G.n.ral Duty in modern 188-
bed hospital in city (20,000) on Vancouver Island.
Personnel policies in accordance with RNABC poli-
cies. Starting salary for R.N. $372. per month. Apply
to: Director of Nursing, Regional General Hospital,
Nanaimo, British Columbia. 2-46-1
MANITOBA
Dir.ctor of Nun.. for up-to-date 38-bed hospital.
New nurses' residence of 1964 has separate nursel
suite available. Sick leave, pension plan and other
fringe benefits available. Personnel policies will be
lent on request. Enquiries should include experience.
quaHfkations and salary expected, and should be
addressed to: Mr. O. Hamm, Administrator, Alfona
Ho.pital District No. 24, Box 660, Altona, Manitoba.
3-1-1
Register.d Nurse: Required for 50-bed general hospital
in fort Churchill, Manitoba. Starting salary $500 per
month. Return fare from Winnipeg refunded after one
year.s service. For particulars write to: Director of
Nursing, General Hospital, fort Churchill, Manifoba.
3-75-1
R.gi.t.r.d Nur..' for I B-bed hospital at Vita Manitoba,
70 miles from Winnipeg. Daily bus service. Salary
rang. $380 - $440, with allowanc. for experi.nc..
40 hour week, 10 statutory holidays, 4 weeks paid
vacation after one year. Full maintenance available
for $50 per month. Apply: Matron, Vita District
Hospital, Vita, Manitoba. 3-66-1
Registered Nurses and Licensed Practical Nurses for
232-bed Children's Hospital, with school of nursing;
active teaching center. Positions available on all
services. Apply: Director of Nursing, Children's Hos-
pital, Winnipeg 3, Manitoba. 3-72-1
Regist.r.d Nurs. for G.neral Duty in 20-bed hospital.
Solary range $405 - $490 per month. Living accom-
modations available. Generous personnel pol icies.
Apply: Director of Nurs
ng, Reston Community Hos-
pital. Reston, Man. 3-46-2
G.n.ral Duty Nurse. for 100-bed active treatment hos-
pital. fully accredited. 50 miles from Winnipeg on
Trans Canada Highway. Apply: Director of Nursing
Service. Portage District General Hospital. Portage La
Prairie, Manitoba. 3-45-1
NOVA SCOTIA
Director for School of Nur.ing: 50 students. Excellent
working conditions. Apply to: M. Jean Hemsworth,
Administrator, Glace Bay General Hospital, Glace
Bay, Nova Scotia. 6-15.1
R.gi.ter.d and Groduat. Nur... for G.n.ral Duty.
New hospital with all modern conveniences, also.
new nurses' residence available. South Shore Com.
munity. Apply to: Superintendant. Queens General
Hospital, Liv.rpool, Nova 5cotia. 6-20-1
R.gi.t.r.d Nur... for 21-bed hospital In pleasant
community - Eastern Shore of Nova Scotia. Apply:
Superintendent, Eastern Shore Memorial Hospital,
Sheet Harbour, Nova Scotia. 6-32-1
62 THE CANADIAN NURSE
I I
ONTARIO
Co..ordinator of Clinic.al Nursing Studies in the
Bachelor of Scienc:e in Nursing Course: The School
of Nursing, McMaster University. invites applications
from persons with advanced qualifications in clinical
nursing. The position is open for the 1967- J 968
session. with duties commencing July 1967. Please
apply sending curriculum vitae and two references
to: Director, School of Nursing, McMaster University,
Hamilton, Ontario. 7-55-15
REGISTERED NURSES (IMMEDIATELY) for a new 40-
bed hospital. Nurses' residence - private rooms with
bath - $20 per month. Minimum salary $415 plus
experience allowance, 4 semi-annual increments.
Reply to: The Director of Nursing, Geraldton District
Hospital, Geraldton, Ontario. 7.50-1 A
Algonquin Park cømp for girl.: R.quires R.gi.ter.d
Nur.... July and/or August. Single, under 50. Apply:
Camp Tanamakoon, 24 Wilberton Road, Toronto 7,
Ontario. HU. 1-3704. 7-133-72
Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants
are invited to make appl ication to our 75-bed.
modern General Hospital. You will be in the Vaca-
tionland of the North, midway between the Lakehead
and Winnipeg, Manitoba. Bosic wage for Registered
Nurses is $408 and for Registered Nursing Assistants
is $285 with yearly increments and consideration for
experience. Write or phone: The Director of Nursing.
Dryden District General Hospital, DRYDEN, Ontario.
7-26.1 A
Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistant.
for 83-bed General Hospital in french speaking cOm-
munity of Northern Ontario. R.N.'s salary: $420 to
$465/m., 4 weeks vacation, 1 B sick leave days and
R.N.A.'s salary: $300 to $340/m., 2 weeks vacation
and 12 sick leav. days. Unused sick leave are paid
at 100 0/0. Rooming accommodations available in
Town and meals served at the Hospitol. Excellent
personnel policies. Apply to: Director of Nursing,
Notre-Dame Hospital, Hearst, Ontario. 7.58-1
Regiltered Nurses and Registered Nursing Allistants.
Starting Salary for R.N. is $415 and for R.N.A. i. $300.
Allowance for experience. Exc.llent fringe benefits.
Write: Mrs G. Gordon, Superintendent, Nipigon Dis-
trict Memorial Hospital, Box 37, Nipigon, Ontario.
7-87-1
Registered Nurse. and Registered Nuning Aisistønts
for 160-bed accredited hospital. Starting salary $415
and $285 respectively with regular annual incre-
ments for both. Excellent personn.1 policies. Resid-
ence accommodation available. Apply to: Director of
Nursing, Kirkland & District Hospital, Kirkland Lake,
Ontario. 7-67.1
Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Alsistants
for 123-bed accredited hospital. Starting salary $400
and $255 respectively with regular increments for
both. Usual fringe benefits. for full information,
apply to: Director of Nursing, Dufferin Area Hos-
pital, Orongeville, Ontario. Phon. 941-2410. 7-90-1
Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants:
Applications are invited from R. N's and R. N. Ass'ts.
who are interested in returning to "nursing at the
bedside" in a well-equipped General Hospital. Excel-
lent starting salaries and fringe benefits now. Further
increase January 1. 1967. Residence accommodation if
desired. For full particulars write to: Director of
Nursing, Sioux Lookout General Hospital, P. O. Box
909, Sioux Lookout, Ontario. 7-119-1 A
Regi.t.red Nun.. for 34-bed hospital, min. salary
$387 with regular annual increments to maximum
of $462. 3-wk. vacation with pay; sick leave after
6-mo. servic.. All Staff - 5 day 40-hr. wk.. 9
statutary holidays, pension plan and other b.nefits.
Apply to: Superint.ndent, Englehart & District Hos-
pital, Engl.hart, Ontario. 7-40.1
Registered Nurse.. Applications and enqulfles are
invited for general duty positions on the staff of th.
Manitouwadge General Hospital. Exc.lI.nt salary
and fringe benefits. Liberal policies regarding ac-
commodation and vacation. Modern well-equipped
33-bed ho
pital in new mining town, about 250.mi.
east of Port Arthur and north-west of White River,
Ontario Pop. 3.500. Nurses' residence comprises indi-
vidual self-contained apts. Apply, stating qual ifica-
tions., experience, age. marital status, phone number.
etc. to the Administrator. General Hospital, Mani-
touwadge, Ontario. phone 826-3251 7-74-1 A
Registered Nurses: Applications are invited for Gener-
al Duty Staff Nurses; Gross salary range: $362 to
$422. Supervisory advancement opportunities. Resident
accommodations available; Hospital situated in tourist
town off Lake Huron. For further information write:
Superintendent, Sougeen Memoríal Hospital, South-
ampton, Ontario. 7-122-1
I I
I I
ONTARIO
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES: B.C. Civil Service. Salary:
$476-$580 per monfh, car provided. Interesting and
challenging professional service with opportunities for
transfer throughout beaufiful B.C. Apply to: B.C.
Civil Service Commission, 544 Michigan Streer,
VICTORIA, B.C.
COMPETITION No. 67:57. 2-76-7
R.gi.ter.d Nur... for 18-bed (exponding to 36 bed)
General Hospital in Mining and Resort town of 5,000
people. Beautifully located On Wawa Lake, 140 miles
north of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Wide variety of
Summer and winter sports including swimming , boat-
ing. fishing, golfing, skating, curling and bowling.
Six churches of different faiths. Salaries comparable
with all northern hospitals. Limited bed and board
available at reasonable rate. Excellent personnel
policies, pleasant working conditions. Apply to:
Director of Nursing, The Lady Dunn General Hospital,
Box 179, Wawa, Ontario. 7-140-1 B
Registered Nur
es and Registered Nursing ASlistantl,
for 100-bed General Hospital, situat.d in northern
Ontario. Starting salary, Registered Nurses $390 per
month. Register.d Nursing Assistants $273 per month,
shift differential, annual increment, 40 hour week.
O. H. A. pension plan and group life insurance.
O. H. S. C. and P. S. I. plans in effect. Accommodo.
tion available in residence if desired. For full par-
ticulars apply: The Director of Nurses, Lady MintO
Hospital, Cochrc.ne, Ontario. 7.30.1 A
Regiltered or Graduate Nursel, required for modern
92.bed hospital. Residence accommodation $20 month-
ly. Overseas nurses welcome. Lovely old Scottish
Town near Ottawa. Apply: Director of Nursing, The
Great War Memorial Hospital, Perth, Ontario. 7-100-2
R.gi.t.r.d Nun.. for G.n.ral Duty in well-equipped
28-bed hospital, located in growing gold mining
and tourist area, north of Kenora, Ontario. Modern
residence with individual rooms; room, board and
uniform laundry only $50/m, 4O-hr. wk., no split shift,
cumulaTive sick time, 8 statutory holidays and 28
day paid vacation after one year. Starting salary
$430. Apply to: Matron, Margaret Cochenour Memo-
rial Hospital, Cochenour, Ontario. 7-29
1
Registered Nurses for General Duty and Operating
Room, in modern lOO-bed hospital, situated 40 miles
from Ottawa. Excellent personnel policies. Residence
accommodation available. Apply to: Director of
Nursing, Smiths falls Public Hospital, 5miths falls,
Ontario. 7-120-2A
R.gi.t.r.d Nu.... for G.n.ral Duty in 100-bed hos-
pital, located 30-mÎ. from Ottawo, are urgently re-
quired. Good personnel policies, accommodation
available in new staff residence. Apply: Director of
Nursing. District Memorial Hospital, Winchester. On-
lario. 7-144-1
Registered Nurses for General Duty and Operating
Room in modern hospital (opened In 1956). Situated
in th. Nickel Capital of th. world, pop. 80,000
people. Salary $372 p.r mo., with annual merit
increments, plus annual bonus plan, 40-hr. wk. Recog-
nition for experience. Good personnel policies. Assist-
ance with transportation can be arranged. Apply:
Director of Nursing, Memorial Hospital. Sudbury.
Ontario. 7.127.4
G.n.ral Duty Nur... for 66-bed General Hospitol.
Starting salary: $405/m. Excellent personnel policies.
Pension plan, life insurance, etc., residence accom.
modation. Only to min. from downtown Buffalo.
Apply: Director of Nursing, Dougla. Memorial Ho.-
pital, fort Erie, Ontario. 7.45-t
G.n.ral Duty Nur.es for active General 77.bed Ho.-
pital in heart of Muskoka Lakes area: salary range
$400 - $460 with consideration for previous experience;
excellent personnel policies and fringe benefits:nurses.
residence available. Apply to: Director of Nursing,
Huntsville District Memorial Hospital, Huntsville, On-
tario. 7-59.1
General Staff Nurles and Regiltered Nurling Allis..
tantl are required for a modern. well-equipped Generol
Hospital currently expanding to 167 beds. Situated in
a progressive community in South Western Ontario, 30
miles from Windsor-Detroit Border. Salary scaled to
experience and qualifications. Excellent employee
benefits and working conditions plus an opportunity
to work in a Patient Centered Nursing Service. Write
for further information to: Miss Patricia McGee. B.
Sc.N., Reg.N. Director of Nursing. Leamington District
Memorial Hospital, Leamington, Ontario. 7-69-1 A
OPERATING ROOM NURSES (2) for a fully ac-
credited 70-bed General Hospital. for Operating
Room Duty. Salary according to experience. Apply to:
O.R. Supervisor, Penetanguishene General Hospital,
Pen.tanguishen., Ontario. 7.99.2
MARCH 1967
ONTARIO
General Duty Nur.e. for lOO-bed modern ho.pital.
Southwestern Ontorio, 32 mi. from London. Salary
ommensurate with experience and ability; S398/m
basic salary. Pension plan. Apply giving full par-
tlculors to: The Director of Nurses, District Memorial
Ho.pital, Till.onburg, Ontario. 7-131-1
General Duty Nurses, Certified Nursing Assistan'. &
Operating Raam Technician (1) for new 50-bed ho..
pital with modern equipment, 4!O.hr. wk., 8 statutory
holidays, excellent personnel policies & opportunity
for advancement. Tourist ,own on Georgian Bay.
Good bus connections to Toronto. Apply to: Director
of Nurses, General Hospital, Meaford, Ontario. 7-79-t
GRADUATE NURSES (2) - Girl's private camp; 175
compers, 6-16. Located at Sundridge, Ontario, 175
miles north of Toronto. Camp dates June 30 to
August 24. Salary not less than $400 for camp
seoson. Some help with transportation if coming from
o distance. Write: Mrs. John W. Gilchrist, 6.A Wynch.
wood Pork. Toronto 4, Ontario. 7-133-75
Graduate Nur.e. for .taff pa.itian. including O. R.
required for 8J.bed hospitol. Residence accommoda-
tion available. Pleasant Lakeside town within 04S mile.
of Stratford and 60 miles of London. Apply: Director
of Nursing, Alexandra Marine and General Hospital,
Goderich. Ontario. 7-51-1
Public Health Nurse. (Bilingual) for rural health unit.
Minimum salary: $5,200 with annual increments. Al-
lowance for experience. Car allowance, pension plan,
hospilalisation insurance, P.S.1. Apply to: Dr. R. G.
Grenon, Director, Prescott and Russell Health Unit,
P. O. Box 273. L'Orignal, Ontario. 7-73-14
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES for scenic urban and rurol
health unit, close to the Capital City in the Upper
Ottawa Valley Tourist Area. Good summer and
winter recreational facilities. Personnel policies pre-
sently under review. Direct enquiries to: Dr. R.V.
Peters, Director, Renfrew County Health Unit, 169
William Street. Pembroke, Ontario. 7-98-2
Public Health Nurses for generalized programme in
a County.City Health Unit. Salary schedule as of
January 1. 1967, $5,100 to $6,100. 20 days vacation.
Employer shared pension plan. P.S.1. and hospital-
ization. Mileage allowance or unit cars. Apply to:
Miss Veronica O'Leary, Supervisor of Public Health
Nursing, Peterborough County-City Health Unit. P.O.
Box 246, Peterborough, Ontario. 7-101-4A
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE (Qualified) for generalized
programme. Solary Ronge $5,200 - $6,400 according
to experience. Salaries negotiated annually. Personnel
Policies on request. Apply in writing to: Miss Beatrice
Whalley. Supervisor of Public Health Nursing, Waterloo
County Health Unit 109 Argyle St.. S.. Preston. Ontario.
10.109-2
Public Health Nurse. for general programme. Salary
range $5,tOO to $6,300. Personnel policies include Car
expense, Omers and Canada pension plans, group
life insurance, 50 % of P .S.I. and hospital insurance.
cumulative sick leave plan and liberal vacation.
Apply to: Dr. G.L. Anderson, Director, The Lamblon
Health Unit. 333 George Street. Sarnia, Ontario.
7-114-3
QUEBEC
NURSE far Children'. Summer Camp, located near
te. Agathe. Que.. well equipped infirmary. private
hving quarters. excellent facWties. Apply to: Mr. R.
La.zanik, Pine Valley Camp, 5465 Queen Mary Road,
sUIte 460, Montreal 29. Quebec. 9-47-67
SASKATCHEWAN
DIRECTOR OF NURSING for modern 24-bed active
treatment hospital. Graduates in nursing administration
or with experience will be given preference. Accommo-
dc:'tion available in nurses. residence. Salary schedule
WIll be based on Ihe SRNA recommandations. Apply:
Mr. R. Holinaty. Administrator. Wokaw Union Hospital.
Wakaw, Soskatchewan. 10-131.1 A
REGISTERED NURSES for 24-bed active treatment hos-
pital. Establ ished personnel pol icies and pension plan.
Solary range as per SRNA recommendations. Adjust-
ments to starting salary made for previous experience.
Residence accommodation available at $43.50 per
month. Apply: Mrs. Z. Johnson, Acting Director of
Nursing. Wakaw Union Hospital. Wakaw. Saskatche-
wan. 10.t31-1
MARCH 1967
I I
SASKATCHEWAN
MATRON required for a 6O.bed nuning home. Must be
a registered nurse and capable of taking charge of
intensive and Limited care patients. Duties to begin
as soon as possible. Salary in accordance to schedule
and experience. Apply to: SECRETARY-MANAGER,
Estevan Regional Nursing Home. E1tevan. Saskatche-
Wan. 1
3
2
Regi.te,ed Nur... for General Duty (2) in fully
modern 27.bed hospital Basic salary $400 per month.
Personnel policies according to Sask. Reg. Nurses. As-
sociation recommendations. New modern residence,
excellent working conditions. Duties to commence
when convenient. Apply to: Superintendent of Nursing
Services. Kipling Memorial Union Hospital, Kipling,
Saskatchewan. 10-59-1
General Duty and Operating Room Nurses. 01.0
Certified Nursing Assistants for 560-bed University
Hospital. Salary Commensurate with experience and
preparations. Excellent personnel policies. Excellent
opportunities to engage in progressive nursing. Ap-
ply: Director of Personnel. University Hospital, Sas-
katoon, Soskatchewan. 10-116-4A
UNITED STATES
REGISTERED NURSES - Southern California Op.
portunitie. available - 368-bed modern hospital in
dical-Surgicalt Labor. and Delivery, Nur.ey. Oper-
ating Room and Intensive and Coronary Care Units.
Good salary and liberal fringe benefils. Confinuing
inservice education program. Located 10 miles from
Los Angeles near skiing. Iwimming. cultural and edu-
cational facilities. Temporary living accommodations.
Apply: Director of Nursing Service, Saint Joseph
Hospital. Burbank. California 91503. 15.5-63
REGISTERED NURSES needed for rapidly expanding
general hospital on the beautiful Peninsula near
San Francisco. Outstanding policies and benefits.
including temporary accommodations at low cost,
health coverage, fully refundable retirement plan,
liberal shift differentials. no rotation. exceptional
in-service and orientation programs. unlimited sick
leave accrual. unlimited vacation accrual. sick leave
conversion to vacation. tuition reimbursement. Ex-
cellent salaries based on experience. Contact Person-
nel Administrator. Peninsula Hospital, 1783 EI
Camina Real, Burlingame. California - 697-4061.
15-5-20 B
Regi.tered Nunes: The Los Angeles County General
Hospital has opportunities in all clinical areas. We
invite your enquiries about positions avoilable in pre-
mature nursery. neuro-surgery. pediatrics, operating
rOOm and recovery room. as well as general medical
or surg ical wards. Several specialty programs are
planned for 1967. Starting salary with one year.s ex-
perience in an accredited hospital is $591 per month.
$624 after six months. Additional pay for a degree.
Evening bonus approximately $60 per monlh. Night
bonus $50. living quarters available on hospital
grounds for at least 90 days. We will help you with
Cal ifornia Registration. For further information,
write: Mrs. Dorothy Easley, Box 1311 CN. Los Angeles
County General Hospital. 1200 North State Street, Los
Angeles. California 90033. 15-5.3 E
REGISTERED NURSES Opportunities available at
415-bed hospital in Medical-Surgical, Labor and
Delivery. Intensive Care. Operating Room and Psy-
chiatry. No rotation of shift. good salary. evening
and night differentials, liberal fringe benefits.
Temporary living accommodations available. Apply:
Miss Dolores Merrell. R.N.. Personnel Director, Queen
of Angels Hospital, 2301 Bellevue Aevnue. Los
Angeles 26, California. 15.5-3G
REGISTERED NURSES - SAN FRANCISCO Children's
Hospital and Adult Medical Center hospital for men.
wOmen and children. California registration required.
Opportunities in all clinical areas. Excellent salaries,
differentials for evenings and nights. Hol idays. vaca-
tions, sick leave. I ife insurance, health insurance and
employer-paid pension-plan. Applications and details
furnished On request_ Contact Personnel Director. Chil-
dren.s Hospital. 3700 California Street. San Francisco
18, California. 15-5-4
REGISTERED NURSES: Mount Zion Hospital and Me-
dical Center.s increased salary scales now double Our
attraction for nurses who find they can afford to live
by the Golden Gate. Expansion has created vacancies
for staff and specialty assignments. Address enquiry
to: Personnel Department. 1600 Divisadero Street, San
Francisco. California 94115. An equal opportunity em-
ployer. 15-5-4 C
Nur.e. for new 75-bed General Hospital. Resort
area. Ideal climate. On beautiful Pacific ocean.
Apply to: Director of Nurse.. South Coast Com-
munity Hospital. South Laguna. California. 15-5-50
DIRECTOR
OF
REGIONAL SCHOOL
OF NURSING
"KIRKLAND LAKE"
Applications are invited for the
position of Director of a new
Regional School of Nursing to be
established in Kirkland lake with
an annual enrollment of 30
students encompassing five area
hospitals. An excellent opportu-
nity to develop a program from
the erection of the building to
operating the school.
Please direct enquiries to:
The Secretary of the Steering
Committee:
R. J. Cameron, Administrator,
KIRKLAND AND DISTRICT
HOSPITAL
Kirkland Laker Ontario.
UNITED STATES
General Duty Staff Nur.e. for 450-bed fully approved
teaching hospital. Top salaries with differential for
evening and night duty. High increments. 40-hour
week. paid vacation based on length of service. 8 paid
holidays per year. Accumulative sick plan. COm-
prehensive hospitalization plan. Excellent pension
plan. Orientation and dynamic inservice program.
Nurses. Association (A.F.L.) governs hours, salaries
and working conditions. Registration to work in
California required. Address applications to, Chief
Nurse, Southern Pacific Memorial Hospital, 1400 fell
Street, San Francisco, Colifornio 94117. 15-5-6 D
IN-SERVICE INSTRUCTORS - for ward teaching and
follow up of auxiliary stoff. Openings on general
medicine and in obstetrics. Write Nurse Recruitment
Officer, Box 1421, Los Angeles County General Hos-
pital, 1200 North State Street. Los Angeles, California
90033 15-5-3 f
PREMATURE AND NEWBORN NURSERY NURSES -
Two premature units (one larg&. one small) and regular
nurserieJ need R.N!s for care of high-risk babies.
Teaching programs. Promotional opportunities. Write:
Nurse Recruitment Officer, Box 1421, Los Angeles
County General Hospitol, 1200 North State Street, Los
Angeles. California 90033. t5-5-3 E
PSYCHIATRIC NURSES - Need nurses particularly in-
terested in children and adolescents. Also openings on
general wards. For details; write: Nurse Recruitment
Officer, Box 1421. Los Angeles County Generol Hos-
pital, 1200 North State Slreet. Los Angeles, California
90033. 15-5-3 K
OUTPATIENT NURSES - Degree, public health ex-
perience required. Must be interested in teaching pa-
tients and families. For information. write: Nurse
Recruitment Officer, Box 1421, Los Angeles County
General Hospital. 1200 North State Street, Los Angeles,
California 90033. 15-5-3 L
PROFESSIONAL NURSES - Investigate the unlimited
potential and professional growth offered our nursing
staff. Ultra-mod
rn equipment and facilities in a new.
progressive 150-bed. air-conditioned hospital. Located
in a warm. sunny climate 30 minutes from San Fran-
cisco. Top starting salaries. degree and experience re-
cognition. attractive paid benefits. no shift rotation.
Enquire and compare. write Personnel Director. JOHN
MUIR MEMORIAL HOSPITAL. 1601 Ygnacio Valley
Road, Walnut Creek, California 94598. 15-5-67 A
THE CANADIAN NURSE 63
UNITED STATES
I I
UNITED STATES
Registered Nurse., Career satisfaction. interest and
professional growth unlimited in modern, JCAH aC-
credited 243-bed hospital. Located in one of Califor-
nia's finest areas, recreational, educational and cul-
tural advantages are yours as well as wonderful
year-round climate. If this combination is what
you're looking for, contact us now!Staff nurse en-
trance salary above $500 per month; increases to
$663 per month; supervisory positions at highest
rates. Special area and shift differentials to $50 per
month paid. Excellent benefits include free health
and life insurance retirement, credit union and liberal
personnel policies. Professional staff appointments
available in all clinical areas to those eligible for
California licensure. Write today: Director of Nursing,
Eden Hospital, 20103 Lake Chabot Rood. Castro Val-
lev. California. 15-5-12
fional opportunities in area, equal opportunity
employer. Apply: Director of Nursing Service, Kaiser
Foundation Hospitals, San Francisco 15, California.
Phon.. (JO 7-4400) 15-5.57
Registered Nurses - California. Expanding, accredit-
ed 303-bed hospitol in medical center of Southern
California. University city. Mountain - ocean resort
area. Ideal year.round climate, smog free. Starting
salary $6,300. With experience. $6,600. Fringe bene-
fits, shift differential. initial housing allowance.
Wide variety rentals available. For details on Cali-
fornia License and Visa, write: Director of Nursing,
Cottage Hospital. 320 W Pueblo Street. Santo Bar-
baro. California 93105. 15-5-39 A
Registe.ed Nunes for 303.bed modern hospital. Po-
sitions available - All services, no shift rotation.
liberal benefits, advancement opportunities, educa-
REGtSTERED NURSES - General Duty for 54-bed
JCAH hospital 1 'I. hours from Son Francisco, 2
rrTIr I II 1
!ill
.
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BOX 1311 C
DOROTHY EASLEY. R.N. - Nurse Recruitment Officer
1200 North Stafe Sfreet
Los Angeles. California 90033
Telephone 213 225-3115
Are you looking for career nursing opportunities?
Do you want more training?
Do unusual services appeal to you?
Then you will want
more information about our hospital
We are a university teaching hospital
for two schools of medicine.
We have over 200 internes, 300 residents
and a full time medical staff.
We are one of the world's
largest medical centers.
Starting Salary-$560.001 month
· Credit for degree
. Shift differential
. Credit for experience
Outstanding Promotional Opportunities
Assistant Head Nurse or Charge Nurse
Head Nurse
Clinical Specialist; Teaching Assistant; Instructor
Coronary Care Unit; P.A.R.. Intensive Care Units;
Chest Surgery; Jail; Premature Center; Admitting;
General Medicine; O.R.; Diabetic Service; Neurosurgery;
Metabolic Research; Dermatology; Orthopedics; Eye; Rehab;
You name it - We have it I
64 THE CANADIAN NURSE
I I
UNITED STATES
hours from Lake Tahoe. Starting salary $510/m
with differentials. Apply: Director of Nurses. Mem
orial Hospital, Woodland. California. 15-5.491
CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS
required
with preparation and experience. Eligible
for B. C. Registration. Medical. Surgical
and Paediafric areas.
Student enrollment - 200
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
Victoria. B. C.
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
For administrotion of patient core services
of loo-bed modern. accedited general
core hospital with medical. surgicol. ob-
stetrics and paediotric services. Patient
care stoff comprises 38 graduate nurses.
20 practicol nurses and orderlies ond
5 p.n. trainees. laboratory. X-Ray. physio-
theropy personnel.
The Direcfor of Nursing would be directly
responsible to the Administrafor.
Groduofion from an opproved School of
Nursing essentiol with experience or
preporotion in patient core odministra-
tion desirable.
Please direct enquiries or applications
stating experience. training and references
to:
Administrator.
KOOTENAY LAKE GENERAL
HOSPITAL
3 View Street, Nelson. B. C.
SCHOOL OF NURSING
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN GENERAL HOSPITAL
will require
2 TEACHERS - AUGUST 1967
DUTIES: Insfruction in Science ond Medicol-
Surgicol Nursing Porticipation in deve-
lopment of 2 year progromme.
QUALIFICATIONS: University preporotion
in Nursing Educotion or Public Heolth.
SALARY: Commensurafe wifh experience
and educotion. 50 students enrolled
onnuolly.
For further information contact;
Director School of Nursing
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN GENERAL
HOSPIT AL
St. Thomas. Onto
MARCH 1967
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YOU CAN TELL THAT NURSES HELPED TO DESIGN OUR NURSING UNITS
Community-General is completely designed for the nurse and the
maximum development of her professional nursing abilities.
. Unit Clerk Service - 16 hours a day
. Automated delivery of supplies
. Maximum supporting services of
Central Service, Dietary, Housekeeping,
and others
COMMUNITY-GENERAL HOSPITAL of Greater Syracuse
Syracuse, New York
Orientation Program
In-Service Program
Tuition Grants
Shift Differentials
Overtime - Paid at time and one half
Ex<:ellent Personnel Policies
Mail this coupon for information:
Director of Personnel
Community-General Hospital of Greater Syracuse
Broad Road
Syracuse, New York 13215
Name .
Street
City & State ..
Please check present status:
Student 0
R.N. 0
L.P.N. 0
Supervisor 0
MARCH 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 6S
The
Canadian
Nurse
VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPITAL
HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA
Invites applications from Registered Nurses
for all services including operating room,
recovery room, intensive care a nd emergency
in completely new wing.
1965 INDEX
Salary range for General Staff positions
$360.00 - $420.00 per month
and other liberal benefits.
An index of materials appearing
in Volume 61 of
Direct enquiries to:
Director of Nursing r
THE CANADIAN NURSE
is now available.
3383
Halifax, Nova Scotia
VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPITAL
Write for your copy to
Miss PIERRETTE HOTTE
at National Office,
50 The Driveway,
Ottawa 4
UNITED STATES
UNITED STATES
Staff Duty positions (Nurses) in private 403-bed
hospital. Liberal personnel policies and salary. Sub-
stantial differential for evening and night duty.
Write: Personnel Director, Hospital of The Good
Samaritan, 1212 Shatto Street, los Angeles 17.
Colifornia. 15-5-3b
REGISTERED NURSES - If you have a degree from
an NLN accredited school and one year'. experience,
we start you at $624 a month. Current openings on
burn services, chest surgery and chest medical units.
Write: Nurse Recruitment Officer, Box 1421, Los
Angeles County General Hospital, 1200 North State
Street, Los Angeles, California 90033. 15-5-3 I
GENERAl DUTY NURSES - for medical services. May
have experience in intensive core units and coronary
care unit if desired. With one year's experience, start
at $591. Write, Nurse Recruitment Officer, Box 1421,
Los Angeles County General Hospital, 1200 North
State Street, Los Angeles, California 90033. t5-5-3 G
NURSES - Califomia calls I Exciting new programs in
one of the country's largest medical centers. Openings
in neuro-surgery and renal dialysis units. Special
teaching programs on both services Write: Nurse
Recruitment Officer, Box 1421, Los Angeles County
General Hospital, 1200 North State Street, Los Angeles,
California 90033 15-5-3 H
PROfESSIONAL NURSES with a clinical specialty:
we have openings in all malor areas. Utilize your
specialty in the care of patients, not the desk. Write
for more information: Nurse Recruitment Officer, Box
1421, Los Angeles, County General Hospital, 1200
North Stole Street. Los Angeles, California 90033
15-5-3 J
NURSES, Regist.r.d, for modern 360-bed hospital.
Openings available in all areas, medicine-surgery,
delivery room, nursery, and postpartum. Near Wayne
State University, and an integral part of the new
Medical Center. Salary $550 to $635 per month
plus differential for afternoon and night. Premium
pav for weekends. Good fringe benefits including
Blue Cross and Life Insurance. Apply: Personnel
Director, Hutzel Hospital formerly Woman', Hospital),
432 East Hancock, Detroit, Michigan 48201. 15-23.1 F
66 THE CANADIAN NURSE
I I
NURSE TEAM LEADER POSITIONS in new 372-bed
fully accredited, General Hospital in resort area. $503
per month days and $528 per month evening and
night shift. Liberal fringe benefits. For descriptive bro-
chure and policies write: L. Sims, North Miami Gene-
ral Hospital, 1701 NE 127th Street, North Miami,
Florida. 15-10.2 A
REGISTERED NURSES, for 75-bed air conditioned
hospital, growing community. Starting salary $330-
$365/m. fringe benefits, vocation, sick leav., holi.
days, life insurance, hospitalization. 1 meal furnish-
ed. Write: Administrator, Hendry General Hospital,
Clewiston, Florida. 15.10.1
WEST tNDtES
Registered Graduate Nurse. who wish to gain valu-
able and interesting experience in the semi tropical
country of Haiti. Hopital Albert Schweitzer, Arti.
bonite Volley near St. Marc is a well-equipped
modern hospital, 160 overage daily census, medical,
surgical, pediatric wards and daily clinics. Two
year contract, $150 per month with transportation
to and from point or origin, maintenance, medical
care as provided at hospital. Compensatory day off
for any holiday worked; there are at least 17 na-
tional and religious holidays in Haiti. The nurse is
entitled to a vacation allowance at the rate of two
days for each full calendar month worked. Write:
Miss Walborg L. Peterson, P.O. Box 2213-B, Port-au-
Prince, Haiti. 17-1-2
ONTARIO
Director of Nursing: Appl icorions are invited for the
position of Director of Nursing effective january 1,
1967, for a 42-bed General Hospital located in the
heart of Northwestern Ontario. Residence suite availa-
ble. For full particulars write to, Les. J. H. Johnston,
Administrator, Sioux Lookout General Hospital, P. O.
Box 909, Sioux Lookout, Ontario. 7 119-1
DIRECTORS
AND
ASSISTANT
DIRECTORS
^"
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WORKSHOPS ON
PROBLEM-SOLVING
Learn and practice problem-
solving skills applied to
Hospital Nursing Service
Have you registered?
Halifax April 11-14, 1967
Vancouver May 2-5, 1967
It's later than you think!
W,ite to:
CANADIAN
50 The Driveway,
Ottawa 4, Ontario.
NURSES' ASSOCIATION
MARCH 1967
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GO!. .. Where the ACTION is!
Albany Medical Center, that's where. A modern teaching hos-
pital perfectly located in beautiful upstate New York . . . on
the doorstep of New York City's bright lights . . . exciting
horse racing at Saratoga. . . summer homes of the Philadelphia
and Boston Symphony Orchestras . . . scenic lake George . . .
and the greatest skiing in the East.
Our nursing opportunities are tops, too. For details, send for
our free booklet, "Albany Medical Center Nurse."
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· Mrs. Helen Middleworth, Director, Nursing SelVice
· Albany Medical Center Hospital
.
. Albany, New York 12208
.
.
.
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.
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.
.
.
.
-
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Please send me a free copy of your nursing booklet
NAME .............. ...... ................... ._
ADDRESS ...... . . . . _. ... _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Albany Medical Center Hospital
CITY .............. . STATE ......... ..ZiP......
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education
.
I
,
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recreation
Specialize at either the 424 bed Grace Central
Hospital in the new $250 million Detroit Medical
Center or at the 448 bed Grace Northwest Hospital.
(Grace is second largest in terms of admissions in
Michigan.)
Further your education at nearby Wayne State
University or one of the many smaller colleges
nearby.
EnJoy your leisure time in the heart of the
cultural and entertamment center of dynamic
Detroit or enjoy the all-year around sports and
recreation of Michigan.
Staff nurses at Grace earn from $500 to $600
per month for days and $514 to $629 for evening
and night duty plus very generous fringe benefits.
Other positions pay even more. For full informa-
tion contact: Dorector of Nursing.
GRACE CENTRAL HOSPITAL
4160 John R. Street.
Detroit. Michigan 48201
or
GRACE NORTHWEST HOSPITAL
18700 Meyers Road.
Detroit. Michigan 48235
68 THE CANADIAN NURSE
ONTARIO SOCIETY
FOR
CRIPPLED CHILDREN
requires
· Camp Directors
· General Staff Nurses
· Registered Nursing Assistants
for
FIVE SUMMER CAMPS
located near
OTTAWA COLLINGWOOD
LONDON
PORT COLBORNE
KIRKLAND LAKE
Applicafions are invited from nurses in-
terested in the rehabilitotion of physically
handicapped children. Preference given to
CAMP DIRECTOR applicants having super-
visory experience and to NURSING ap.
plicants with paediatric experience.
Apply in writing to:
Miss HREN WALLACE. Reg. N..
Supervisor of Camps,
350 Rumsey Road,
Toronto 17, Ontario
ST. JOSEPH'S
HOSPIT AL
HAMIL TON.
ONTARIO
A modern, progressive hospital,
located in the centre of Ontario's
Golden Horseshoe-
invites applications for
GENERAL STAFF
NURSES
and
REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS
Immediate openings are avail-
able in Operating Room, Psy-
chiatry, Intensive Care - Coro-
nary Monitor Unit, Obstetrics,
Medical, Surgical and Paediatrics.
For further information write to:
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING
Sf. JOSEPH.S HOSPITAL
Hamilton, Ontario
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your diploma
means something
at Presbyterian
Hang on to that diploma. It's
probably the most important
piece of paper you'll ever earn.
It's your certificate of profession.
alism. Make the most of your
diploma by choosing a hospital
where your professionalism, your
skill, your individual contributions
are appreciated.
h
PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL CENTER
ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO 81106
"Starting salary to $555 a month
..Expanding, progressive
500.bed hospital
"Personal orientation program
..Liberal fringe benefits
"Continuing educational programs
..Airline travel paid
"Two universities
..Growing metropolitan area
"Twenty minutes from nearby
mountain ski area
EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER
Mail coupon a.ull collect (505.243.9411, Eat. 219)
Mrs. Susan Dicke. Director o' Nurse RecrUitment
Presbytenan Hospital C""ter, Department B
Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106
Please mlil ml marl informltion Ibout nursing
at Presbyteriln Hospilel Clnter Ind how I mlY
mlkl the most of my diploml there.
Name
Address
City
Stlte
School of NurSIng
. Year of Graduahon _Month .
:............................--......-.-.--...--....... ... ......
MARCH 1967
THE HAMILTON AND DISTRICT SCHOOL OF NURSING
SPONSORED BY
THE HAMILTON HEALTH ASSOCIATION
INVITES APPLICATIONS FOR THE POSITION OF
INSTRUCTOR
QUALIFICATIONS - A University degree and graduate experience in one or more fields of nursing.
Eligibility for Nurse Registration in Ontario.
The fourth group of students will be enrolled in September 1967. Additional teachers will be required
since the maximum enrolment is expected to be reached this year.
THE SCHOOL PROGRAM
CONTROL - The entire curriculum which covers 2 calendar years is planned and controlled by the school.
Clinical experience, practice and observation is provided in:
1) The H. H. A. complex of hospitals.
2) The Joseph Brant Memorial Hospital, Burlington.
3) The Oakville Trafalgar Hospital, Oakville.
4) The Ontario Hospital, Hamilton.
5) Community agencies in the area.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION WRITE TO:
The Director,
HAMILTON AND DISTRICT SCHOOL OF NURSINC,
Box 590, Hamilton, Ontario
OS HAW A
GENERAL HOSPITAL
GENERAL DUTY NURSES FOR
ALL DEPARTMENTS
Starting salary for Ontario Regis-
tered nurses $400 with 5 annual
increments to $480 per month.
Credit for acceptable previous
service - one increase for two
years, two increases for four or
more years.
Non-registered - $360.00
Rotating periods of duty - 3
weeks vacation - 8 statutory
holidays.
One day's sick credit per month
beginning in the 7th month of
service cumulative to 45 days.
Pension Plan and Group life
Insurance - Hospital pays 50%
of Medical, Blue Cross and Hos-
pital Insurance premiums.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
OSHA W A GENERAL HOSPITAL
Oshawa, Ontario
MARCH 1967
STAFF NURSE POSITIONS
Salary Range $482.$620
with maximum starfing $539 on day shift,
$592 evening and/or night shifts. Credit
given for educafion and/or experience.
Opportunity fo gain knowledge and skill
in a specialized cancer research hospital.
Registration in Texas required. Excellent
personnel benefifs include: 3 weeks vaca-
tion, holidoys, cumulative sick leave,
laundry of uniforms furnished, retiremenf
and Social Security programs, Hospitaliza-
tion, Life and Disability Income Insurance
available. Equal opportunity employer.
For application and additional informotion
Write to:
Personnel Manager
THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS
M.D. ANDERSON HOSPITAL AND
TUMOR INSTITUTE
Texas Medical Center
Houston, Texas 77025
RIVERSIDE
HOSPITAL
OF OTTAWA
A new, air-conditioned 340-bed
hospital. Applications are called
for Nurses for the positions of:
HEAD NURSE - Operating Room
ASSISTANT HEAD NURSES
GENERAL STAFF NURSES
and
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS
Address all enquiries to:
Director of Nursing
RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL OF OTTAWA
1967 Riverside Drive,
Ottawa, Ontario
THE CANADIAN NURSE 69
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YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL
NEWMARKET, ONTARIO
HOSPITAL:
A newly expanded 257 bed hospital wifh such progressive
patient care concepts as a 12-bed I.C.U., 22-bed psychiatric
and 24-bed self care unif.
IDEAL LOCATION:
45 minufes from downtown Toronfo, 15-30 minutes from
excellent summer and winter resorf areas.
SALARIES:
Regisfered Nurses: $372-$447 per monfh.
Registered Nursing Assistants: $277-$310 per month.
BENEFITS INCLUDE:
Furnished apartments, medical and hospifal insurance. group
life insurance, pension plan, 40 hour week.
Please address all enquiries to:
Director of Nursing
YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL
596 Davis Drive
Newmarket, Ontario
ADDITIONAL CLINICAL TEACHERS
required
to assist in Developing New Curriculum and a
Regional School.
School of Nursing Building is New
and well equiped.
Salaries and Fringe Benefits at Metropolitan Level.
Qualifications - B.Sc.N.
or
Diploma in Nursing Education.
GENERAL STAFF NURSES
Required for all Services
Salaries and Fringe Benefits at Metropolitan Level.
Apply to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
BRANTFORD GENERAL HOSPITAL
Brantford, Ontario
70 THE CANADIAN NURSE
MAIMONIDES HOSPITAL
AND HOME FOR THE AGED
AN OPPORTU N ITY . . . .
A CHALLENGE....
A NEW EXPERIENCE....
SUPERVISORS, STAFF NURSES, NURSING
ASSISTANTS, INSTRUCTORS, PSYCHIATRIC
NURSE:
We invite you to ioin the nursing staff of New Mai-
monides.
LIBERAL VACATION _ HEALTH AND
PENSION PLANS . SALARIES COM-
MENSURATE WITH RECOGNIZED SCALES
Apply to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
5795 Caldwell Avenue
Montreal 29, Quebec
DIRECTOR
OF SCHOOL OF NURSING
Applications are invited for the above position in a
School of Nursing intending to revise programme in
Fall of 1967 to a two year programme with a third
year of experience in hospital nursing service. The
School of Nursing is a new self-contained educational
building, opened in 1964, with enrollment of ap-
proximately 140 students.
Trent University is situated in Peterborough.
Minimum requirement - Bachelor's Degree. Salary
will be commensurate with qualifications and ex-
perience.
For further details apply to:
Chairman of Nursing Education Committee,
PETER BOROUGH CIVIC HOSPITAl
Peterborough, Ontario
MARCH 1967
PALO ALTO-STANFORD
HOSPITAL CENTER
located on the beautiful campus of Stanford University in Palo Alto, California.
,
.
- ----
"We invite you to join our professional staff and to gain unparalled experiences in
nursing."
For additional information-
NAME:
ADDRESS:
CITY:
SERVICE DESIRED:
Return to: PALO ALTO-STANFORD HOSPITAL CENTER
Personnel Department
300 Pasteur Drive
Palo Alto, California
STATE:
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR
OF NURSING
Applications are invited for the
above position in a fully ac-
credited 163-bed General Hos-
pital in beautiful Northern On-
tario.
Desirable qualifications should
include B.S.N. Degree with ex-
perience in supervision.
For further information,
Write to:
Director of Nursing
KIRKLAND and DISTRICT HOSPITAL
Kirkland Lake, Ontario.
MARCH 1967
VICTORIA HOSPITAL
LONDON, ONTARIO
Modern l,OOO-bed hospital
Requires
Registered Nurses for
all services
and
Registered
Nursing Assistants
40 hour week - Pension plan
- Good salaries and Personnel
Policies.
Apply:
Director of Nursing
VICTORIA HOSPITAL
London, Onto
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
TORONTO, ONTARIO
REGISTERED NURSES
and
REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS
700-bed fully accredited hospital provides
experience in Operating Room, Recovery
Room, Intensive Care Unit, Pediatrics
Orthopedics, Obstetrics, General Surgery
and Medicine.
Orientation and Acfive Inservice program
for a II staff.
Salary is commensurate wifh preparation
and experience.
Benefits include Canada Pension Plan,
Hospital Pension Plan, Group Life Insu-
rance. Sick leave - 12 days after one
year, Ontario Hospifal Insurance - 50%
payment by hospital.
Rototing Periods of dUfy - 40 hour week,
S statutory holidoys - annual vacation
3 weeks after one year.
Apply:
Assistant Director of
Nursing Service
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSP1TAL
30 The Queenswoy
Toronto 3, Ontario
THE CANADIAN NURSE 71
THE HOSPITAL
FOR
SICK CHILDREN
,
.
'-..
-
OFFERS:
I. Satisfying experience.
2. Stimulating and friendly en-
vironment.
3. Orientation and In-Service
Education Program.
4. Sound Personnel Policies.
5. Liberal vacation.
APPLICATIONS FOR REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS INVITED.
For detailed information
please write to:
The Assistant Director
of Nursing
AUXILIARY STAFF
555 University Avenue
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
72 THE CANADIAN NURSE
HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
HOSPITAL -
Newly expanded 350-bed hospital. Progressive patient care con-
cept.
SALARY -
General Staff Nurses (Currently Registered in Ontario) $400.00 -
$480. - 5-increments.
Registered Nursing Assistants (Currently Registered in Ontario)
$295.00 - $331.00, - 3 increments.
HOUSING -
Furnished apartments available at subsidized rates.
JOB SATISFACTION -
High quality patient care and friendly working environment. We
appreciate our personnel and encourage their professional develop-
ment.
You are invited to enquire concerning employment opportunities to:
Director of Nursing
HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
200 Church Street, Weston, Ontario
Telephone 249-8111 (Toronto)
CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL
requires immediately
REGISTERED GENERAL DUTY NURSES
This is a modern 1,000-bed hospital including a new
200-bed convalescent-rehabilitation section. Benefits
include Pension Plan, sick leave, and shift differen-
tial plus a liberal vacation policy and salary range
$360 - $420 per month commensurate with training
and experience.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing Service
CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL
Calgary, Alberta
MARCH 1967
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REGISTERED NURSES e PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES
CERTIFIED NURSING ASSISTANTS
Have you considered a Career with the...
Indian Health Services of MEDICAL SERVICES
DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE
for further informotion write 10: MEDICAL SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE, OTTAWA, CANADA
"
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DIRECTOR OF NURSING
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Applications are invited
for the
4"".
POSITION OF DIRECTOR OF NURSING
The Director of Nursing will be responsible for
the administration of all nursing services within
the hospital. The hospital currently operates
375 beds and is undergoing extensive moderni-
zation and expansion costing $3,750,000. There
is a furnished apartment available at a mini-
mum rental. A 140 student School of Nursing
housed in a modern residence and operated
by the hospital is the responsibility of a Director
of Nursing Education.
THE SCARBOROUGH
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Address enquiries to:
Invites applications from General Duty Nurses.
Excellent personnel policies. An active and stimulat-
ing In-Service Education and Orientation Programme.
A modern Management Training Programme to as-
sist the career-minded nurse to assume managerial
positions. Salary is commensurate with experience
and ability. We encourage you to take advantage
of the opportunities offered in this new and expand-
ing hospital.
For1 William, Ontario
For further information write to:
Director of Nursing
SCARBOROUGH GENERAL HOSPITAL
Scarborough, Ontario
DOUGLAS M. McNABB, Administrator
McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL
"ARCH 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 73
....
-
----.
"
"-
HOSPITAL:
A newly expanded 257 bed hospital with such progressive
core concepts as a 12-bed LCU., 22-bed psychiatric and
24-bed self core unit.
IDEAL LOCATION:
45 mìnUfes from downtown Toronto, 15-30 minutes from ex-
cellent summer and winfer resort areas
SALARIES:
Registered Nurses: $400.00 - $480.00 per mOnfh.
Regisfered Nursing Assisfants: $295.00 - $331.00 per month.
FURNISHED APARTMENTS:
Swimming pool, tennis courts, etc. (see above)
OTHER BENEFITS:
Medical and hospital insurance, group life insurance, pension
pion, 40 hour week.
Please address all enquiries to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL
596 Davis Drive
Newmarket, Ontario
NURSE-
ANESTHETIST -OB
For 350 Bed Community
Teaching Hospital, 35 min-
utes from Metropolitan New
York.
Excellent Salary
+ Benefits
. . In-service Education
. . 8 Paid Holidays per year
. . Tuition Refund Program
. . 12 Paid Sick Days
per year
. . Free Life and
Disability Insurance
. . Blue Cross Coverage
.
Send Resume to:
Box CN 1433,.
125 West 41 St.
New York NY 10036
An Equal OpportLJ
ity
Employer MfF
74 THE CANADIAN NURSE
REGISTERED NURSES
Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois is a
new 587-bed General Hospital, located in a pleasant
suburb of Chicago.
The hospital is modern with a wide range of services
to patients, including Hyperbaric Oxygen Unit. Low-
cost modern housing next to the hospital is available.
The hospital is completely air-conditioned.
Annual beginning salary is from $6,000 plus shift
differential pay. Regular salary increments at six
months of service and yearly thereafter Sick leave
and other fringe benefits are also available.
REGISTERED
NURSES
Highand Park General Hospital
is a 300-bed General Hospital
located within 15 minutes of
downtown Detroit. It is fully ap-
proved by the Joint Commission
on Accreditation of Hospitals.
Salary range for Staff Nurses is
$6,484.40 to $7,633.60 annually
depending on schedule. Week-
end bonus of $5.00 per shift in
excess of one weekend per
month for part time nurses.
Call or write:
Assistant Director of Nursing
HIGHLAND PARK GENERAL
HOSPITAL
Highland Park, Michigan
883-7000, Ext. 576
Write or call collect:
Director of Nursing Services
LUTHERAN GENERAL HOSPITAL
PARK RIDGE, ILLINOIS 60068
Telephone: 692-2210 Ext. 211
Area Code: 312
W[}{]@ says
life at Mary Fletcher
Hospital Medical Center
is all work 8& no play?
Uncrowded Vermont is for A.
those who like outdoor
n.
Sailing, swimmin
skiing,
tennis, golf, are only '\Iin.
utes away from Mary f
t.
cher Hospital on the shor.
of lovely lake Champtain. \
Combine an exciting careti('
with off-duty recreation and
the cultural advantages of
an attractive college com.
munity. Excellent startin
salaries, liberal fringe bene.
fits, clinical affiliation with
Univ. of Vermont College of
Medicine. MfH serves as the
primary teaching and refer-
ral center for all of northern
New England.
r-------------
Personnel Office, Dept. 401
Mary Fletcher Hospital Medical Center
Burlington, Vermont 05401
Please tell me more about career opportuni-
ties at Mary Fletcher Hospital Medical Center
and send me literature about Vermont -
The Beckoning Country.
""-
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ADDRESS
1-_------------------
MARCH 196j
I II
OPPORTUNITY FOR
GROWTH
CHANGE
SPECIALIZA TION
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TORONTO GENERAL HOSPITAL
Large centrally located University Teaching Hospital
o. CONTINUE YOUR PROFESSIONAL GROWTH
Plonned orienlotion progromme
Continuing in-service programmes
Opporruniloes of 0 research ond teoching hospital
. BROADEN 'EXPERIENCE
Positions available:
General medicine - Obstetrics - Operating Room
Generol Surgery - Gynaecology - Recovery Room
Specialty units and intensive care - Cardioyoscular
Respirafory - Neurosurgery
. ENJOY ADVANTAGES OF LIBERAL PERSONNEL POLICIES
Excellent potient care focililoes
. Salaries scoled to qualifications ond experience
3 weeks vocotion, statutory hol,days cumulolive sick leove
-. Life insurance, hospitalization. retirement programme
- Uniforms laundered free
For additional information, write:
Director of Nursing
TORONTO GENERAL HOSPITAL
101 College Street, Toronto 2, Ontario
I II
THE MACK SCHOOL
OF NURSING
THE PLACE TO
CENTENNIAL
BE IN
YEAR!
OTTAWA CIVIC HOSPITAL
Ottawa, Ontario
Applications are invited from teachers interested in
developing a progressive educational programme in
this new Regional School, located in the Niagara
Peninsula. Applicants with baccalaureate degree
preferred. Diploma in nursing education and working
toward a degree accepted.
Good personnel policies.
Enjoy life in green and pleosont Ollawo. Daily
train and bus service ta Expa '67! Challenging
work in 0 modern teaching Hospital of 1087
beds, where administratian is progressive and
sfaff parficipatian encauraged. In-Service Educa-
tion program well established. Excellent salaries,
persannel palicies and fringe benefits to:
Apply to:
The Principal,
THE MACK SCHOOL OF NURSING.
Queenston Street,
St. Catha rines, Ontario
REGISTERED NURSES
for all services including Operating Room and
Psychiatry.
Apply in writing to:
Miss B. JEAN MILLIGAN, Reg.N., M.A.
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR.
MARCH 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 75
GRADUATE NURSES
Eligible for regisfrafion in the
Province of Onfario.
Various positions available os SUPER-
VISORS, HEAD NURSES, and GENERAL
DUTY NURSES. Excellent opportunifies for
odvoncement in all areaS of modern,
newly expanded 1,00o-bed General Hos-
pifal, including O.R. ond Recovery, Inten-
sive Core, Emergency, Cenfral Supply,
Medical and Surgical Unifs.
Please contact:
Director of Nursing
HENDERSON GENERAL
HOSPITAL
Hamilton, Ontario
SYDENHAM DISTRICT HOSPITAL
WALLACEBURG, ONTARIO
Exponsion, scheduled to open April I,
1967. Registered Nurs.s - salary range
$400 . $480, per monfh commensurofe
with experience and qualifications.
Registered Nuni"" Assistants - salory
range $295 - $331 per monfh. Excellenf
personnel polcies.
For further information and application
form please write:
Mrs. M. Brevik
Director of Nursing
SYDENHAM DISTRICT HOSPITAL
Wallaceburg, Ontario.
OPERATING ROOM NURSES
WE NEED
YOU
APPLY TO:
Director of Nursing Service
SUDBURY GENERAL HOSPITAL
SudburYr Ontario.
76 THE CANADIAN NURSE
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
Required for 37 bed active hospitoJ in
town of 1,700 pop. midway between
Calgary and lethbridge, paved hiwy.
wheat growing orea, close to foothills.
Training or experience in Nurse Adminis-
tration would be beneficial. Increase in
usage of all facilities in lost 6 months.
Salary to be negotiated. Suite in nurses'
residence. Insurance ond pension group.
Presenf Director refiring.
Apply in writing ta:
Administrator,
MUNICIPAL HOSPITAL
Vulcan, Alberta
WANTED
Registered Nurses required for twelve-bed
Company hospital in lynn lake, Manitoba.
Salary $385.00 per monfh plus five on-
nual increments. Free apartment ond
boord. Relocation expenses. Company
paid insurance, medical, hospital plans
and pension pion avoilable.
For further particutars, apply to:
Personnel Manager,
SHERRITT GORDON MINES
LIMITED,
Lynn Lake, Manitoba.
PORT COLBORNE
GENERAL HOSPITAL
PORT COLBORNE, ONTARIO
requires
A Supervisor for evening and nighf rofa-
tion of duty and A Supervisor for in-
service education programme for l66-bed
hospital wifhin easy driving disfance of
American and Conodion mefropolitan
cenfres, consideration given for previous
experience obtained in Conoda. Comple-
tely furnished apartment-style residence.
including balcony and swimming pool
facing lake. adjocent fa hospital.
Apply:
Director of Nursing
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Port Colborne, Ontario.
PSYCHIATRIC
CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR
require>d by
ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL
KAMLOOPS, British Columbia
For further information write to:
Director of Nursing Education
ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL
Kamloops, B. C.
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
GUELPH, ONTARIO
requires
Instructors for various Clinical Areos
Studenf enrolment - over 85.
UNIVERSITY CITY
Salary commensurate with prepara1ion
and experience.
Apply to:
DIRECTOR
ROYAL ALEXANDRA HOSPIT At
EDMONTON, ALBERTA
Modern acfive treatment hospital Super-
visors required for days, evening and
night duty for Poediatric and Medical
Nursing Units. General Duty for all servi-
ces including Intensive Core Unit. Excel-
lent working conditions and current per-
sonnel policies. Credit will be given for
previous experience and Postgroduate
qualificafions.
Apply:
Personnel Office,
ROYAL ALEXANDRA HOSPITAL
Edmonton, Alberta
MARCH 1967
EL CAMINO HOSPITAL
Registered Nurses -
All Services
Starting salary for
Experienced
Regisfered Nurses
$550 per month
448-bed fully-occred-
ifed generol hospi.
tal located 40 min-
Ufes soufh of
downtown Son
Francisco
Ample opportunity
for professianol
developmenf as
there ore two col-
leges and two uni-
versities in the
immediate vicinity
Excellent recreofiono I
facilities in close
proximity fo the
hospifal
LOCATED IN BEAUTIFUL SANTA CLARA VALLEY
YEAR 'ROUND SMOG-FREE TEMPERATE CLIMATE
-
-
"-
.'
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Benefits Include:
planned orienfotion
program
Continuing in-service
educafion
Two fo four weeks
vocation
Eight paid holidoys
Accumuloflve sick
leove
Free group life
insurance
..
Fully paid health in-
surance including
family coverage
Fully paid retirement
program
liberal shift
differential
4Q-hour week
.
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Apply to:
PERSONNEL DIRECTOR
EI Camino Hospital
2500 Grant Road
Mountain View, California 94040
THE COLLEGE OF NURSES OF ONTARIO
invites applications for the position of
DIRECTOR
The College of Nurses of Onforio is the statutory body which sefs
and mointains minimum standards of nursing education and proctice.
The Director is responsible to the Council of the College one! is
supported by qualified adminisfrative assistanfs, on educa1ional
cansultanf, and other sfaff of 40 members, professional and
clerical.
THE CHALLENGE - This chief executive pasifion offers a unique
opportunity and responsibility to influence nursing in Onfario.
QUAUFtcATIONS - The applicant must be a registered nurse with
advonced academic preparation and experience in nursing.
SALARY - Subiect to negotiation as recommended in the RNAO
Minimum Sfondords of Employment.
POSITION AVAILABLE - July I, 1968. An appointment prior to
this dote will be mode to provide for a period of orientation.
For further information and application form,
please contact:
The President of the Council,
COLLEGE OF NURSES OF ONTARIO
10 Price Street,
Toronto 5, Ontario
Application form is to be filed not later than May I, 1967.
Envelope should be marked "confidential".
\1ARCH 1967
ONCE A
ALWAYS
NURSEeee
A NURSE!
Whether you're a practicing R.N. or just taking time
out to raise a family, you can serve your community
by teaching lay persons the simple nursing skills
needed to care for a sick member of the family at
home.
Red Cross Branches need VOLUNTEER INSTRUCTORS
to teach Red Cross Care in the Home courses.
VOLUNTEER NOW AS A RED CROSS INSTRUCTOR
IN YOUR COMMUNITY
For further information, contact:
National Director, Nursing Services,
THE CANADIAN RED CROSS SOCIETY
95 Wellesley Street East,
Toronto 5, Ontario
THE CANADIAN NURSE 77
GENERAL DUTY NURSES
and
NURSING ASSISTANTS
Wonted for active General Hospital (125
beds) situated in Sf. Anthony, Newfound-
lond, a town of 2,400 and headquorters
of the International Grenfell Associotion
which provides medical core for northern
Newfoundland and the coo sf of Labrador.
Salaries in accordance with ARNN.
For further information
please write:
Miss Dorothy A. Plant
INTERNATIONAL GRENFELL ASSOCIATION
Room 701A, 88 Metcalfe Street,
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO
222 BED GENERAL HOSPITAL
requires
STAFF NURSES
REGISTERfD NURSING ASSISTANTS
Cornwoll is noted for its summer and
winter sport areas, and is on hour and a
half from bofh Montreal and Ottawa.
Progressive personnel policies include 4
weeks vocation. Experience and posf.basic
certificates are recognized.
Apply to:
Ass't. Director of Nursing
(service)
CORNWALL GENERAL HOSPITAL
Cornwall, Ontario
ASSISTANT DIREaOR
OF NURSING SERVICE
Applications are invited for the position
of Assistant Director of Nursing Service
for a 291-bed fully accredited General
Hospital.
Preference will be given to applicants
wi1h preporafion and experience in nurs-
ing service administration.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing Service
THE GENERAL HOSPITAL
OF PORT ARTHUR
Port Arthur, Ontario
78 THE CANADIAN NURSE
REGISTERED NURSES
required for
B2-bed hospifOI. Situated in the Niogara
Peninsula. Transportation assistance.
For salory rates and personnel policies,
apply to:
Director of Nursing
HALDIMAND WAR MEMORIAL
HOSPITAL
Dunnville, Ontario
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
Applications are invited for the above
position in a modern, 56-bed, fully ac-
credited hospifal wifh expansion plans
under acfive sfudy. Nursing adminisfrative
education ond experience desirable.
Salary commensurofe with qualificofions.
Apply:
Mrs. M. Fearn, Executive Director
THE BARRIE MEMORIAL
HOSPITAL
Ormstown" Quebec
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC HOSPITAL
School of Nursing requires
INSTRUCTRESS (Nursing Arts)
INSTRUCTRESS (Medical.surgical Area)
New self-contained educafion building for
school of nursing now open.
Trent Universify is sifuafed in Peferborough
For further information write to:
Director of Nursing
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC
HOSPITAL
Peterborough, Ontario
SCHOOL OF NURSING
WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL
Requires the following Faculty
0) Psychiatric Teacher (One).
b) Medical ond Surgicol Teochers (Two).
Minimum requirement - B. Sc. N.
The above additional staff is required
for New Program.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing Education
WOODSTOCK GENERAL
HOSPITAL
Woodstock, Ontario
SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL
COOKsVILLE, ONTARIO
A new 450.bed General Hospitol, located
12 miles from the Cify of Toronfo. has
openings for:
(1) GENERAL STAFF NURSES in all de.
partments;
(2) Registered Nursing Assistants in all
departments.
Fo, information or application, write to:
Director of Nursing
SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL
Cooksville, Ontario
SCHOOL OF NURSING
PUBLIC GENERAL HOSPITAL
Chatham, Ontario
requires
INSTRUCTORS
Student Body of 130
Modern self-cantoined educafion building
University Preparation. required with
salary differential for Degree.
For further information,
apply to:
Director, Nursing Education
MARCH 1967
What does
Methodist Hospital
have to offer me?
At the Methodist Hospital, where research is a part
of progress, a nursing career takes on new horizons -
rich in meaning and professional satisfaction.
If you're looking for the chance to be the nurse
you've always dreamed of - coming to the world
famous Methodist Hospital can be an adventure -
almost like stepping into the future - splendid
facilities, so much advance equipment and
everywhere the newest medical and patient care
techniques are in use.
Some of the best aspects of nursing at METHODIST
are as old as medicine itself - there is a spirit of
kindness and consideration, and emphasis on patient
care, that make this a hospital where nursing is
satisfying and rewarding, day by day.
Methodist Hospital is right in the center of the world's
great Medical, Research and Educational complexes.
HOUSTON is an exciting city - rodeo and opera,
pro-football and the famous Alley Theatre, water sports
and beaches an hour or less away, the Houston
Symphony and the Astrodome!
A Few Quick Facts: We're affiliated with Baylor
University College of Medicine and associated with
Texas Woman's University College of Nursing.
New $9Y2 million Cardiovascular and Orthopedic
Research Center will open soon. Our Inservice
Education Department gives you thorough
orientation, and continued instruction in new
concepts and techniques. You'll find every
encouragement to broaden your skills,
including tuition assistance in obtaining
further education in nursing.
.
Send for Your Colorful tnformative Illustrated
Brochure. . . to learn about Methodist Hospital,
Houston, positions available, salary and employment
benefits, tuition allowance, complimentary room
accommodation and our Nurse Specialist Programs.
Write, call or send coupon, Director of Personnel,
The Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center,
Houston, Texas 77025
J
r-------------------------------------ì
I Director of Personnel, THE METHODIST HOSPITAL, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77025 I
I Please send me your brochure about nursing opportunities at THE METHODIST HOSPITAL-Texas Medical Center I
I I
I Name I \
I Address I
I I
I City State Zip Code I
L_____________________________________
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UNIVERSITY
OF ALBERTA
HOSPITAL
Positions are available in our
rapidly expanding Medical Cen-
tre situated on a growing Uni-
versity campus. All service in-
cluding renal dialysis, coronary
intensive care and cardiac surg-
ery offer opportunities for ad-
vancement.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA
HOSPITAL
Edmonton, Alberta
REGISTERED NURSES
for General Duly
In modern 20-bed hospital locat-
ed in thriving northwestern On-
tario community. Starting salary
$335 minimum to $400 maxi-
mum for three years' experience.
Board and room in modern
nurses' residence is supplied at
no charge. Excellent employee
benefits and recreational facili-
ties available. Further particulars
on request. Apply giving full
details of experience, age, avail-
ability, etc. to:
Employment Supervisor
MARATHON CORPORATION
OF CANADA LIMITED
Marathon, Ontario
-iARCH 1967
OPERATING ROOM
SUPERVISOR
Required for 270-bed General
Hospital with construction of a
new hospital due to completion
in 1967, increasing the bed ca-
pacity to 450. Included in the
new hospital will be the most
modern operating room complex
based on the Friesen Concept of
material and equipment supply.
Excellent fringe benefits with
generous sick leave, four weeks
vacation and contributory pen-
sion plan.
For further information write:
Director of Nursing Service
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL
Belleville, Ontario.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 79
DIRECTOR, SCHOOL OF NURSINC
Applications are invited
for the
POSITION OF DIRECTOR.
SCHOOL OF NURSING
The Director will have complete charge of two-plus-one
diploma program with 360 students, adequate faculty,
new ultra-modern facility associated with 1000-bed
teaching hospital. Master's degree preferred. Considera-
tion will be given to candidate with Bachelor of Science
in Nursing Education degree and good leadership poten-
tial. Appointment will be made by July 1, 1967.
For further information, write to:
Chairman, Nursing Advisory Committee
c/o Nursing Office,
VICTORIA HOSPITAL
London r Ontario.
SCHOOL OF NURSING
PLUMMER
MEMORIAL
PUBLIC HOSPITAL
AJAX AND
PICKERING
GENERAL HOSPITAL
SAULT STE. MARIE
Invites Applications for:
1. Medical-Surgical Instructor
2. Medical Instructor
3. Obstetrical Instructor
AJAX, ONTARIO
127 Beds
250 bed non-sectarian General
Hospital with enrolment of 80
students. This School is planning
a change to two year patient-
centered, problem solving cur-
riculum and one year internship.
Excellent salaries commensurate
with experience and qualifica-
tions.
Nursing the patient as an indi-
vidual. Vacancies, General Duty
R.N.'s and Registered Nursing
Assistants for all areas, Full time
and part time. Salaries as in Me-
tro Toronto. Consideration for ex-
perience and education. Excellent
fringe benefits. Residence accom-
modation, single rooms, House-
Keeping privileges.
Apply to:
Principal,
SCHOOL OF NURSING
Apply to:
NURSING OFFICE PERSONNEL
80 THE CANADIAN NURSE
MOVE UP
TO CLEVELAND
Nurses find that the combination of
working at Mt. Sinai Hospital and liv-
ing in this growing midwestern city
cannot be matched in any other com-
munity. The beginning salary is $500
a month and there are exceptional ad-
vancement opportunities in this 532-
bed teaching hospital which is located
in the educational center of the city.
For more information, write to Nurse
Recruiter, Dept. CB.
L-, THE MT. SINAI HOSPITAL
OF CLEVELAND
University Circle, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
MALE REGISTERED
NURSES AND REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS
The Clarke Instifufe of Psychiotry, a
teaching, research and treatment hospital
affiliated with the Universify of Toronto.
invites applicafions from qualified person.
nel for positions as mole regisfered nurses
and male registered nursing assisfanfs.
The insfitufe will provide opportunities
for the development of new approoches
to fhe treotment of psychiafric illnesses,
along wifh educofion in Tesearch pro-
grams dealing wifh the causes, course
and treatment of psychiatric illnesses.
Applicants shauld be able to qualify for
registration in Ontario. The Insfitute offers
excellent personnel policies and sfoff
benefits.
Apply in Writing to:
Director of Nursing
CLARKE INSTITUTE OF PSYCHIATRY
250 College Street
Toronto 2B, Ontario
MARCH 1967
THE HOSPITAL
FOR
SICK CHILDREN
l
,
,
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1
YOU
Receive the advantages of:
1. Five-week orientation pro-
gram for new staff.
2. Ongoing in-service education
for nurses.
3. Extensive student education
program.
4. Research Institute.
APPLICATION FOR GENERAL
DUTY POSITIONS INVITED
For information contact:
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING
555 University Avenue
Toronto, Canada
\iARCH 1967
THE WINNIPEG
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Offers the following opporfunity for ad-
vanced preparafion to qualified Registered
Graduote Nurses:
A SIX MONTH CLINICAL COURSE
in
OPERATING ROOM
PRINCIPLES AND ADVANCED
PRACTICE
The course commences in September of
each year. Mointenance is provided, and
a reasonable sfipend is given each month.
Enrolment is limited to a maximum of
ten students.
For further information please
write to:
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING
700 William Ave.
Winnipeg 3
DIRECTOR
OF NURSING SERVICE
The Belleville General Hospital
requires a Director of Nursing
Service to be responsible for the
administration of all nursing ser-
vice activities.
The hospital presently has a ca-
pacity of 300 beds and will in-
crease to a total of 450 beds in
about one year, upon completion
of a construction programme.
The design incorporates a central
SUPPlY Process Dispatch system.
Applicants should have a degree
in nursing service administration
as well as considerable expe-
rience in a similar position.
Applications and enquiries
should be addressed to:
Acting Administrator
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL
Belleville, Ontario.
ONTARIO SOCIETY
FOR
CRIPPLED CHILDREN
l
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Invites applications from Public
Health Nurses who have at least
2 yeers experience in general-
ized public health nursing, pre-
ferably in Ontario.
INTERESTING AND VARIED
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES
IN AN EXPANDING PROGRAM
INCLUDE:
. an opportunity to work direct-
ly with children, their parents,
health and welfare agencies,
and professional groups
. participation in arranging
diagnostic and consultant cli-
nics
. assessing the needs of the
individually handicapped child
in relation to services provided
by Easter Seal Clubs and the
Society.
Attractive salary schedule with
excellent benefits. Car provided.
Pre-service preparation with sa-
lary.
Apply in writing to:
Director, Nursing Service,
350 Rumsey Road,
Toronto 17, Ontario
THE CANADIAN NURSE 81
WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL
Requires
GENERAL STAFF NURSES
ALL DEPARTMENTS
ond
O.R. TECHNICIANS
Apply:
Director of Nursing
WOODSTOCK
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Woodstock, Ontario
McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL
requires
Registered Nurses for general Stoff. The
hospifal is friendly and progressive.
It is now in the beginning stages of a
$3,500,000 program of expansion and
renovation.
- Openings in all services.
- Proximity to Lakehead
ensures opporfunity for
educafion.
University
furthering
For 'ull particulars write to:
Acting Director
of Nursing Service
McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL,
Fort William, Ontario,
ST. JOSEPHrS HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
Hamilton, Ontario
requires
CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS in all Nuning
areas. Well-equipped, modern School of
Nursing. Student enrolment over 300.
Modern, progressive, BOO-bed Hospital.
Salary commensurate with preparation
and experience.
Fo, 'urthe, details, apply:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
82 THE CANADIAN NURSE
PORT COLBORNE
GENERAL HOSPITAL
PORT COLBORNE, ONTARIO
STAFF NURSES
required
For 166-bed hospital within easy driving
disfance of American ond Canadian me-
tropolitan centres. Consideration given for
previous experience obfained in Canoda.
Completely furnished apartment-style resi-
dence, including balcony and swimming
pool facing lake, adjacenf to hospital.
Apply:
Director a. Nursing
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Port Colborne,Ontario
REGISTERED NURSES
For new 100-bed General Hospital in
resort fown of 14,000 people, beaufifully
located On shores of lake of the Woods.
Three hours' travel fime from Winnipeg
with good transportafion available. Wide
variety of summer and winter sports-
swimming, boofing, fishing, golfing, skat-
ing, curling, tobogganing, skiing and ice
fishing.
Salary: $372 for nurses regisfered in
Ontario with allowance for experience.
Residence available. Good personnel poli-
cies.
Apply to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
KENORA GENERAL HOSPITAL
Kenora, Ontario
REGISTERED NURSES
For all services including Operating and
Delivery Room.
Hospital rapidly expanding to 450 beds.
Sa lory $502 to $590 with shift, week-end
and Charge Nurse differenfial.
Write to Nursing Office
ST. JOHN HOSPITAL
22101 Moross Road
Detroit, Michigan 48236
or Telephone: 881.8200
(4-11-24)
ST. JOSEPHrS HOSPITAL
LONDON, ONTARIO
Teaching Hospital, 600 beds. new facilifies
requires
TEACHERS
REGISTERED NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS
For 'urther in'ormation apply:
The Director of Nursing
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
London, Ontario
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
EDUCATION
Masfer's degree preferred; fo conducf
basic nursing program ond affilliate pro-
gram.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing,
CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL
OF WINNIPEG,
Winnipeg, Manitoba.
RED CROSS
IS ALWAYS THERE
WITH YOUR HELP
MARCH 196:
UNIVERSITY OF
BRITISH COLUMBIA
School of Nursing
DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC
NURSING
DEGREE COURSE FOR
GRADUATE NURSES
Both of these courses leod to the
B.S.N. degree. Graduates are pre-
pared for public health as well as
hospital nuning positions.
DIPLOMA COURSES FOR
GRADUATE NURSES
I. Public Health Nursing.
2. Administration of Hospital
Nursing Units.
3. Psychiatric Nursing.
For information write to:
The Director
SCHOOL OF NURSING
UNIVERSITY OF B.C.
Vancouver 8, B.C.
DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY
offers
NEW DIPLOMA PROGRAM
in
OUTPOST NURSING
A program exfending over two calendar
years has been developed to prepare
graduate nurses for service in remofe
oreos of Northern Canedo. Major areas
within the course of study will include:
Public health nursing
Complete midwifery
Basic clinical medicine
Instruction will be highly individuolized.
I st year - To be spent at the University.
2nd year - To consist of an infernship
directed by the University in
selected northern agencies.
Candidates should have completed at
least one yeor of professional nursing.
Upon completion of the program studenfs
will receive a Diploma in Public Heolth
Nursing and a Diploma in Outpost
Nursing.
For further information write to:
Director,
SCHOOL OF NURSING
DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY
Halifax, Nova Scotia
MARCH 1967
I I
UNITED STATES
UNITED STATES
REGISTERED NURSES - Just over the Golden Gate
from San Francisco in "Marvelous Marin". Modern ex.
panding 250 bed hospitol. Opportunities in medical,
surgical obstetrical, ICU, OR, Cardiovascular, Psychia-
tric creas. Dynamic inservice program. Salary, based
on education end experience sterting from $600 to
$675. PM and night shift differentials of 10 % and
7 %, plus liberal employee benefits. Opportunities for
graduate study in nearby colleges end universities,
Stimulating, progressive hospital atmosphere plus ex.
citing off-duty attractions of nearby San Francisco,
the Redwoods, ocean swimming and mountain skiing.
Contact: Personnel Director, Marin General Hospital,
Box 30 San Rafael, California. 15-5-69 A
week, plus differential of $20 for 3-11 p.m. and
11-7 a.m. shifts. C.N. Ass'ts. $76 weekly plus $10 for
3-11 p.m. and 11-7 a_m. shifts. Write: Miss Byrne,
Director of Nurses, Chelsea Memmorial Hospital,
Chelsea, Massachusetts 02150. 15-22-1 C
REGISTERED NURSES: Excellent opportunity for ad-
vancement in atmosphere of medical excellence. Pro-
gressive patient care including Intensive Care and
Cardiac Care Units. Finely equipped growing 200-
bed suburban community hospital iust on Chicago's
beautiful North Shore. Completely air conditioned
furnished apartments, paid vacation, after six months,
staff development program, and liberal fringe bene-
fits. Storting salary from $466. Differential of $30
for nights or evenings. Contact: Donald L. Thomp-
lOn, R. N., Director of Nursing, Highland Park Hos-
pital, Highland Park, Illinois 60035. 15-14-3 A
Registered Nurse. and Certified Nursing Alsi.tan.s.
Opening in several areas, all shifts. Every other week-
end off, in small community hospital 2 miles from
Boston. Rooms available. Hospital paid life insurance
and other liberal fringe benefits. RN salary $ lOOper
.
REGISTERED NURSES
.
.
.
.
.
THE
350-BED
SARNIA GENERAL
H
c::>
50
p
A
L
T
ASKS
-
What Are You Seeking?
WE OFFER
the opportunity
1. to work directly with patients
2. to participate in group decisions
3.. LO.A. with financial assistance to further your education
in nursing
If you are interested . contact the Personnel Director, Sarnia General
Hospital, Sarnia, Ontario
THE CANADIAN NURSE 83
REGISTERED & GRADUATE
NURSES
Are required to fill vacancies in a modern, centrally
located Hospital. Tours of duty are 7:30 - 4:00, 3:30-
12:00 and 11 :30 - 8:00.
Salary range for Registered Nurses is $382.50 to
$447.50 per month and for Graduate Nurses is
$352.50 to $417.50 per month. We offer a full
range of employee benefits and excellent working
conditions.
Day Care facilities for pre-school children from 3
months to 5 years in age.
Apply in person, or by letter to :
Personnel Manager,
THE RIVERDALE HOSPITAL
St. Matthews Road,
Toronto 8, Ontario.
SCHOOL OF NURSING
BROCKVILLE
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Requires
TEACHERS
For the recently approved two yeor curriculum with
a third year of experience in nursing service. You
will enjoy participating in the development of a
progressive school which emphasizes planned leorn-
ing experiences for the students. Theory is taught
concurrent with clinical experience.
Qualifications: Bachelor of Science in Nursing
or Diploma in Nursing Education
or Diploma in Public Heolth Nursing
Excellent salaries and personnel policies.
You would enjoy living in the attractive "City of
the Thousand Islands" two and one half hours from
Expo 67.
For further information contact:
The Director, School of Nursing
BROCKVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL
Brockville, Ontario
84 THE CANADIAN NURSE
THE MONTREAL GENERAL HOSPITAL
offers a
6 month Advanced Course in
Operating Room Technique and
Management to
REGISTERED NURSES
with a year's Graduate experience
in an Operating Room.
Classes commence in September and
March for selected classes of
8 students
For further information apply to :
The Director of Nursing
THE MONTREAL GENERAL HOSPITAL
Montreal 25, Quebec
DIRECTOR OF SCHOOL
OF NURSING
REQUIRED FOR
DISTRICT SCHOOL OF NURSING
Minimum Requirement - B. Sc. N., with five years
experience. two of these in Nursing Education.
Apply to:
Mr. Harold Swanson, Chairman,
BOARD OF NURSING EDUCATION
220 Clarke Street
WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO
MARCH 1967
UNITED STATES
öTAFF NURSES - Here is the opportunity to further
levelop your professional skills and knowledge in
our I OOO-bed medical center. We have liberal personnel
)olicies with premiums for evening end night tours.
)ut nurses' residence, Icccted in the midst of 33
ultural end educational institutions, offers low-col'
10using adjacent fa the Hospitals. Write for our booklet
>n nursing opportunities. Feel free to tell uS what type
)osition you are seeking. Write: Director of Nursing,
loom 600, University Hospitals of Cleveland, University
:ircle, Cleveland, Ohia 44.06 15.36-1 G
legistered Nurse (Scenic Oregon vacation play-
round, skiing, swimming, boating & cultural
"Vents) for 295.bed teaching unit on campus of
Jniversity of Oregon medical school. Salary starts
]t $575. Pay differential for nights and evenings.
Liberal policy for advancement, vacations, sick
leave, holidays. Apply: Multnamah Hospital, Port.
land, Oregan. 97201. 15-38.1
GRADUATE NURSES - Wouldn't you like to work
at a modern 532-bed acute General Teaching Hos.
pital where you would have: (a) unlimited oppor-
tunities for professional growth and advancement,
(b) tuition paid for advanced study, (c) starting
salary of $429 per month (to those with pending
registration as well), d) progressive personnel poli
cies, (e) a choice of areas? For further information,
write or call collect: Miss Lauise Harrison, Director
of Nursing Service, Mount Sinai Hospital, University
Circle, Cleveland, Ohio 44106. Phone SWeetbriar
5-6000. 15-36-1 0
STAFF NURSES: Ta work in Extended Care or Tuber-
culosis Unit. Live in lavely suburban Cleveland in
2-bedroom house for $55 a month including all
ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
MONTREAL, QUEBEC
POSTGRADUATE COURSES
(a) Six month clinical course in Obstetrical Nursing.
Classes - September and March.
(b) Two month clinical course in Gynecological Nursing.
Classes following the six month course in Obstetrical
Nursing.
(c) Eight week course in Care of the Premature Infant.
1.
2.
Six month course in Operating Room Technique.
Classes - September and March.
3.
Six month course in Theory and Practice in Psychiatric
Nursing.
Classes - September and March.
For information and details of the courses, apply to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL
Montreal, P.Q.
MARCH 1967
utilities. Modern salary and excellent fringe benefits.
Write Director of Nursing Service, 4310 Richmond
Road, Cleveland, Ohio. 15.361 F
STAFF NURSES: UniverSIty of Washington. 320-bed
modern, expanding Teaching and Research Hospital
located on campus offers you an opportunity to
ioin the staff in one af the following specialties:
Clinical Research, Premature Center, Open Heart
Surgery, Physical Medicine, Orthopedicts, Neurosur-
gery, Adult and Child Psychiatry in addition to
the General Services. Salary: $501 ta $576. Unique
benefit program includes free University courses after
six manths. For information on opportunities, write
to: Mrs. Ruth Fine. Director of Nursing Services,
University Hospital, 1959 N.E. Pacific Avenue,
Sea!!I_, Washington 98105. 15-48-20
THE UNIVERSITY OF
WESTERN ONTARIO
SCHOOL OF NURSING
announces
FACULTY POSITIONS
available for the follawing programmes:
I. A Four-Year Basic Degree ProgrammE
(B.Sc.N.) beginning in September 1966
2. Degree Programme for Graduafe Reg.
istered Nurses.
3. Expanding graduate progrommes
(M.Sc.N.).
Enquires are invifed from qualified person!
wha are interesfed in University teaching
opporfunities in the School of Nursing of a
rapidly developing Heolth Sciences Centre.
For information write to:
The Dean, School of Nursing
THE UNIVERSITY OF
WESTERN ONTARIO
London, Canada
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DALHOUSIE
UNIVERSITY
Degree Course in Basic Nursing - (B.N.)
4 years
A program extending OVer four calendar
years 1100 ding to fhe Bachelor of Nursing
degree is offered ta candidates with a
Nova Scotia Grade XII sfanding (or equiv-
alenf) and prepares the student for nursing
practice in hospitals and 1he community.
The curriculum includes studies in the
humanities, nursing and the sciences.
Degree Course for Registered Nurses
(B.N.) - 3 years
A program extending OVer three academic
years is offered to Registered Nurses who
wish to obtain a Bachelor of Nursing
degree. The course includes sfudies in
the humanifies, sciences and a nursing
specialty.
Diploma Courses for Registered Nurses -
1 year
(1) Nursing Service Adminisfrafion
(2) Public Heolth Nursing
(3) Teaching in Schools of Nursing
For further information apply to:
Director, School of Nursing
DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY
Halifax, N.S.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 85
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GUY'S HOSPITAL
LONDON
TO REGISTERED NURSES OF
ACCREDITED SCHOOLS OF NURSING
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If you are visiting Great Britain, why not widen your professional
experience and consider ioining the stoff at Guy's Hospital?
Appointmenfs for six months are offered in all Branches of general
nursing, in fhe specialised units, and private potienfs wing.
The furnished accommodotion is excellent and all modern facilifies
are available. The Hospital is ideally situated for exploring London.
Those nurses who are interesfed and would like furfher informotion,
please wrife fo:
The Matron, Cuy's Hospital,
London, S. E. 1.
giving details of your nursing training, and subsequent experience.
UNIVERSITY OF WINDSOR
SCHOOL OF NURSING
FACUL TV APPOINTMENTS
Due to changes in the program offerings in this
School, new faculty positions are being created. A
planned reorganization of all curricula will be imple-
mented, and applications are invited from qualified
faculty who are interested in assisting in the reor-
ganization of the program.
Applicants should have a Master's degree and be
prepared to teach nursing at the university level. A
doctorate is preferred.
Academic rank will be in accordance with academic
qualifications and professional experience.
Salaries in this School of Nursing are in accordance
with the university scale. Date of appointment will
be during the summer 1967.
Please write to:
Miss F. M. Roach, Director,
SCHOOL OF NURSING
University of Windsor,
Ontario
86 THE CANADIAN NURSE
AN EXTENSION COURSE
IN NURSING UNIT ADMINISTRATION
Nurses interested in enrolling for the Extension Course
in Nursing Unit Administration should submit their
applications not later than June 1st, 1967. Appli-
cations will be accepted from nurses who are en-
gaged as assistant head nurses, head nurses or
supervisors and who are unable to attend a univer-
sity school of nursing. Directors of nursing in small
hospitals may also apply.
The course begins with a five-day workshop in Sep-
tember, followed by a seven month period of home-
study. A final five-day workshop will be held in
May 1968.
The Extension Course in Nursing Unit Administration
is jointly sponsored by the Canadian Nurses' Associa-
tion and the Canadian Hospital Association.
Information and application forms may be obtained
by writing to:
Director,
EXTENSION COURSE IN NURSING UNIT ADMINISTRATION
25 Imperial Street
Toronto 7, Ontario
MARCH 1967
HOYER
HYDRAULIC
PATIENT LIFTER
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TED HOYER & COMPANY, INC.
Dept. CN, 2222 Minnesota St., Oshkosh, Wis.
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CHASE
HOSPITAL
DOLLS
For demonstrating and practicing the
newest nursing techniques - lavage and
gavage - tracheotomy and colostomy,
and their post-operation care - nasal
and otic irrigations - catheterization and
all abdominal irrigations - subcutane-
ous, intramuscular and intradermal injec-
tions - and all standard nursing procedures.
Let us tell you about the new features we
have added to this world-famous teaching
aid. Write to
M. J. CHASE Co. Inc. 156 Broadway
Pawtucket Rhode Island
riARCH 1967
Index
to
advertisers
March 1967
Abbott Laboratories Ltd.
American Sterilizer Co.
Ames Company of Canada, Ltd. ..
The British Drug Houses (Canada) Ltd.
Brown Shoe Company of Canada, Ltd.
Canadian Tampax Corporation Limited
Canadian University Service Overseas
Charles E. Frosst & Co.
M. W. Chase Co, Inc.
Hollister Ltd.
Ted Hoyer & Company Inc,
W. J. Gage & Co. Ltd.
Lakeside Laboratories (Canada) Ltd.
Lewis-Howe Company (Turns)
J. B. Lippincott Co. of Canada Ltd.
C. V. Mosby Co,
Parke, Davis & Company, Ltd.
J. T. Posey Company
Poulcnc Limited
Reeves Company
Savage Shoes Limited
Uniforms Registered
White Sister Uniform Inc.
Winley-Morris Company Ltd.
Advertising
Manager
Ruth H. Baumel,
The Canadian Nurse
50 The Driveway,
Ottawa 4, Ontario
Advertising Representatives
Richard P. Wilson,
219 East Lancaster Avenue,
Ardmore, Penna. 19003
Vanco Publications,
170 The Donway West,
Suite 408, Don Mills, Onto
Member of Canadian
Circulation Audit Board Inc.
59
20
Cover IV
10
12, 58
5
52
15
87
14
87
23
9
56
24, 25
1
2
57
6
55
17
Cover III
Cover II
56
BæI:J
THE CANADIAN NURSE 87
PROVINCIAL ASSOCIA nONS OF REGISTERED NURSES
Alberta
Alberta Association of Registered Nurses.
10256 - 112 St., Edmonton.
Pres.: F. M. Moore; Past Pres.: M. Schuma-
cher; Vice-Pres.: G. Purcell, Sister Ann
Marie. Georgia Nobles. Committees-Nurs-
ing Ser
'ice: May Parker; Nursing Education:
Eileen Jameson. Executive Secretary: H. Sa-
bin: Regis/rar: D. J. Price.
British Columbia
Registered Nurses' Association of British
Columbia. 2130 West 12th Avenue, Vancou-
ver 9.
Pres.: M. Lunn; Past Pres.: A. George; Vice-
Pres.: I. Norrington; Hon. Sec.: 1. Jamieson.
COlllmittees - Nursing Education: R. Cun-
ningham; Public Relations: N. Fieldhouse;
Nursing Service: E. Williamson; Social &
Ec. Welfare: P. Wadsworth; Legislation &
By-Laws: M. Campbell. Executive Secretary:
E. S. Graham; Registrar: F. McQuarrie.
Manitoba
Manitoba Association of Registered Nurses,
247 Balmoral St., Winnipeg 1.
Pres.: Helen P. Glass; Past Pres.: M. E.
Wilson; Vice-Pres.: L. McGinnis, M. Nugent.
Committees-Nursing Service: Unnur Brown;
Nursing Education: K. McLaughlin; Public
Relations: Pearl Marcombe; Legislation: M.
Nugent. Executive Secretary and Registrar:
M. E. Cameron.
New Brunswick
New Brunswick Association of Registered
Nurses. 231 Saunders St., Fredericton.
Pres.: K. Wright; Past Pres.: M. J. Anderson;
Vice-Pres.: A. Estabrooks, I. Leckie; Hon.
Sec.: Sister Florence Darrah. Committees-
Social & Ec. Welfare: C. Bannister; Nursing
Education: A. Thorne; Nursing Senoice: A.
E
tabrooks: Finance: K. MacLaggan; Legis-
lation: M. MacLachlan; Public Relations:
Irene Rumsey. Executive Secretary: G. Her-
mann; Regi.rtrar: L. Gladney.
Newfoundland
Association of Registered Nurses of New-
foundland. 95 Le Marchand Rd., St. John's.
Pres.: J. Story; Past Pres.: J. Lewis; Vice-
Pres.: D. Pinsem. M. Marsh, Helen Penney.
COlllmittees - Nursing Education: Sr. M.
Xaverius; Nursing Senice: E. Kelly; Legis-
lation & By-Laws: V. Ruelokke; Finance:
M. Marsh; RegiMration: r. Winsor; Puh/ic
Relations: B. Coady. Executi
'e Secretary:
P. Laracy.
Nova Scotia
Registered Nurses' Association of Nova
Scotia, 6035 Coburg Rd., Halifax.
88 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Pres.: P. Lyttle; Past Pres.: H. Mack; Vice-
Pres.: J. Church, E. Purdy. Committees-
Nursing Education: Sister Marie Barbara;
Nursing Sen'ice: Rose Jenkins; Social & Ec.
Welfare: Sister Thomas Joseph. Executil'c
Secretary: Nancy Watson.
Ontario
Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario,
33 Price Street. Toronto 5.
Pres.: E. Geiger; Past Pres.: E. M. Sewell;
Vice-Pres.: Albert W. Wedgery, L E. Butler.
Committees - Finance: Norma Marossi;
Legislation & By-Laws: Albert W. Wedgery;
Nursing Education: E. M. Sewell; Nursing
Sen'ice: M. L. Peart; Public Relations: D. E.
Markle; Socio-Economic Welfare: Laura E.
Butler. Preridents: Dist. 1. J. O. Shack; 2.
M. L. Johnson; 3, N. Marossi; 4, I. Kay;
5, M. L. Ashton; 6, V. B. Duffy; 7, C
Blacklock; 8, D. R. Starr; 9, R. McNulty;
10, L E. Butler; II, M. L. Langstaff; 12. G.
V. Koivu. Executi
'e Secretary: Laura Barr.
Prince Edward Island
Association of Nurses of PrinCe Edward
Island, 188 Prince St., Charletown.
Pres.: Sr. M. Hennina; Past Pres.: Alice
Trainor; Pres. Elect: C. Corbett, 2nd Vice-
Pres.: C. Gordon. Committees - Nursing
Education: M. Murphy; Nursing Service: Sr.
Marie Monica; Public Relations: M. Babi-
neau; FiTUl1lce: A. Trainor; Legislation &
By-Laws: Katherine MacLennan; Social &
Ec. Welfare: G. MacDonald. Executive Se-
cretary-Registrar: Helen L. Bolger.
Quebec
The Association of Nurses of the Province
of Quebec, 4200 Dorchester Blvd. West,
Montreal 6.
Pres.: G. Jacobs; Vice-Pres.: (Eng.) J. M.
Gilchrist. J. MacMillan; (Fr.) M. Jalbert, J.
Monfette; Hon. Tres.: F. M. Allan; Hon.
Sec.: O. Gareau. Committees-Nursing Edu-
cation: A. I. MacLeod, Sr. B. Lesage;
Nursing Senoice: R. Dayon, T. Beliveau;
Labor Relations: E. C. Flanagan, G. Hotte.
Secretary-Registrar: Helena F. Reimer.
Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan Registered Nurses' Associa-
tion, 2066 Retallack St., Regina.
Pres.: V. Spencer; Past Pres.: M. Crawford;
Vice-Pres.: A. Gunn, Sr. Mary Rufina. Com-
mittees-Nursing Education: K. Dier; Nurs-
ing Service: B. Hailstone; Chapters and
Public Rehlliolls: Dolores Ast; Social & Ec.
Welfare: C. Boyko; Legislation and By-Laws:
A. Gunn; Finance: V. Spencer. Execllth'e
Secretary-Registrar: Grace Motta.
CANADIAN
h
NURSES'
ASSOCIA nON
Board of Directors
President
President-Elect Sister M. Felicitas
1st Vice-President E. Louise Miner
2nd Vice-
President... Marguerite Schumacher
Representative of Nursing
Sisterhoods SIster T. Castonguay
Chairman of Committee of Social &
Economic Welfare Evelyn E. Hood
Chairman of Committee on Nursing
Service .. Margaret D. McLean
Chairman of Committee on Nursing
Education .. Kathleen E. Arpin
AARN
RNABC
MARN
NBARN
ARNN
RNANS
RNAO
ANPEI
ANPQ
SRNA
Frances M. Moore, President
M. Lunn, President
H. P. Glass, President
K. Wright, President
Janet S. Story, President
Phyllis J. Lyttle, President
Elsbeth Geiger, President
Sister M. Hermina, President
G. Jacobs, President
Vera L. Spencer, President
National Office
Executive
Director
Helen K. Mussallem
Associate Executive
Director Lillian E. Pettigrew
General Manager Ernest Van Raalte
Research and Ad1'isory Services:
Director
Education
Service
Lois Graham-Cumming
Margaret Steed
Frances Howard
Socio-Economic
Welfare Glenna S. Rowsell
Library . Margaret L. Parkin
Information Services:
Public Relations
June I. Ferguson
Editor, The Canadian
Nurse Virginia A. Lindabury
Editor. L'infirmière
canadienne Claire Bigué
MARCH 1967
April1967
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IV2JSITY OF OTTAVA
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2 THE CANADIAN NURSE
APRIL 1967
The
Canadian
Nurse
ð
A monthly journal for the nurses of Canada published
in English and French editions by the Canadian Nurses' Association
Volume 63, Number 4
April 1967
27 Editorial...
28 Nursing Station at Expo 67
" H. K. Mussallem
Linda Long
30 Tomorrow's Nursing Education in Saskatchewan
Rebecca Bergman
34 From Communication to Coordination .
37 Current Status of Cancer Chemotherapy
41 Regional Cancer Chemotherapy "
44 The Fight Against Cancer
I. W. D. Henderson
Pamela Edwards
Mace Mair
The views expressed in the various articles are the views of the authors and do not
necessarily represent the policies or views of the Canadian Nurses' Association.
4 Letters 25 New Products
7 News 47 In a Capsule
20 Names 48 Books
23 Dates 50 Films
Cover Photo: "Style Centennial," the specially-designed uniform to be worn in the
nurses' exhibit at Expo 67. Courtesy of White Sister Uniform, Inc.
Executive Director: Heten K. Mussallem .
Editor: Vtrgtnla A. Ltndabury . Assistant
Editor: Glennls N. ZlIm . Editorial Assistant:
Carla D. Penn . Circulation Manager: Pler-
rette Hotte . Advertising Manager: Ruth H.
Baumel . Subscription Rates: Canada: One
Year, S4.50; two years, SB.OO. Foreign: One
Year, $5.00; two years, $9.00. Single copies:
50 cents each. Make cheques or money orders
payabte 10 The Canadian Nurse. Change of
Address: Fûur weeks' notice and the old
address as well as the new are necessary. Not
responsibte for journals tost in mail due to
errors in address.
Canadian Nurses' Association. 1966
Manuscript Information: "The Canadian
Nurse" welcomes unsoticited articles. All
manuscripts should be typed, double-spaced,
on one side of unruled paper leaving wide
margins. Manuscripts are accepted for review
for exclusive pubtication. The editor reserves
the right to make the usuat editorial changes.
Photographs (gtossy prints) and graphs and
diagrams (drawn in india ink on white pal'er)
are welcomed with such articles. The editor
is not committed to publish all articles sent,
nor to indicate defimte dates of publication.
Authorized as Second-Class Mail by the Post
Office Department, Ottawa, and for payment
of postage in cash. Postpaid at Montreal.
Return Postage Guaranteed. 50 The Driveway,
Ottawa 4. Ontario.
Statistics released recently by
National Health and Welfare show
that only 1,000,000 Canadians
have been persuaded to stop smoking.
Apparently another 2,500,000 tried
to stop and couldn't, and a further
3,000,000 didn't even try.
These figures are disappointing
considering the time and money
expended by the Department in its
campaign against smoking.
Every conceivable form of
propaganda on the dangers of
smoking has been issued by the
Department. The average smoker,
even with one eye shut and the other
closed, cannot escape this deluge
of information that reminds him,
daily, of the disturbingly high
correlation between smoking and lung
cancer, smoking and heart disease,
and smoking and emphysema.
Yet he continues to puff away,
undaunted by the fear of disease.
The time has come for all
organizations involved in this
campaign to shift into high gear.
The educational phase has been
completed; the next step is to find
ways and means to help persons
break the habit.
In many cities in the United States,
one-week programs are offered to
persons who need help to stop
smoking. The fact that most of these
programs are oversubscribed attests
to their popularity. Moreover,
follow-up studies have proven these
programs to be effective.
In Canada, little help is available
to smokers who wish to stop.
And for most smokers, "will power"
is insufficient to get them over the
first hurdle. They need support,
as well as psychologically-sound
measures to help them overcome
the habit.
A cutback in the number of
expensive brochures being published,
more emphasis on research, and an
increase in action would get the
campaign into high gear. - Editor.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 3
PRIL 1967
letters
{
Letters to the editor are welcome.
Only signed letters will be considered for publication
Name will be withheld at the writer's request.
"Accent provocative"
Dear Editor:
I realize you encourage professionalism
in your magazine, but after seeing the ad-
vertisement on the inside back cover of
your February issue, I wonder which pro-
fession it is you're encouraging.
It shows a picture of a pretty girl wear-
ing white high heels (I understand this
isn't exactly standard in hospitals) and the
message on the ad says, "accent provoc-
ative." Quick, get me to a hospital!
Raymond Fraser, Montreal, P.Q.
USSR Seminar
Dear Editor:
I would like to acknowledge the receipt
of the February issue of THE CANADIAN
NURSE in which there is a very interesting
article by Dr. H.K. Mussallem on her
recent trip to the USSR. We sent the copy
of your magazine to the Department of
Public Health in Moscow. - A. Makarov,
First Secretary, USSR Embassy.
Dear Editor:
I congratulate Dr. H.K. Mussallem on
her article "A Glimpse of Nursing in the
USSR" (February, 1967). Her "thumb-
nail sketch of observations" provided an
excellent picture of the Travelling Seminar
on Nursing in the USSR last October.
Thanks are due to Dr. Mussallem for
the continuous contributions she is making
to the nursing profession. - H. F. Naudett,
Administratrix, Trenton Memorial Hospital,
Trenton, Ontario.
Journal like "refresher course"
Dear Editor:
I must congratulate you on the educ-
ational material that appears every month
in this magazine. It is like a "refresher
course" for those of us who are not employ-
ed in the hospital today.
The article, "Nursing in the Armed
Forces" (November, 1966) was most in-
formative for those who have never served
in one of the medical branches.
Two letters published recently about
nurse-patient relations have aroused some
thoughts. I am sure that at some time we
all have been guilty of neglect when it
came to reassuring the patient who ex-
periences fear for the first time in the
4 THE CANADIAN NURSE
operating, labor, or case room.
To eliminate such accusations from the
patient, doctors and nurses should have a
good line of communication and under-
standing between themselves and the pa-
tients. If we cannot be nurses in the true
sense of the word, then we should not be
surprised to see "nursing robots" pressed
into service in the near future. The patient
would probably prefer this type of nurse
to a human one who cannot take or "make"
the time to act human.
It is not the fault of the schools of
nursing; it is the individual who decides
in the end the type of nurse she is going
to be. Maybe after she has been a patient
she will change for the better and show
consideration for those in her care. -
(Mrs.) Helen E. Gordon, Fort St. John,
British Columbia.
Men in nursing
Dear Editor:
I have just read the article on male
nurses (June, 1966) - my first copy was
lost in the mail. It may take time, but I
believe men will be accepted in nursing.
Think of how the public, doctors, and
even nurses resented the woman doctor.
Now she is accepted, or almost, as equal to
the male doctor.
If we had more male nurses it might pre-
vent the neglect of maternity patients that
a reader complained about (November,
1966). This neglect happens all too often.
The maternity patient has no alternative but
to enter hospital. Doctors will not take
a house case, and what nurse would or
could take a private case? With male
nurses there would not be the shortage of
nurses, and patients could receive better
care. - (Mrs.) Esther E. Cook, Manitoba.
University programs
Dear Editor:
Please forgive my procrastination in ex-
pressing my thanks for the very satisfactory
piece of work that you did on the Canadian
University Schools of Nursing (December,
1966) .
The layout was very interesting and I
believe that you grasped the essence of the
programs of the various schools, their phi-
losophy and objectives, quite satisfactorily.
It was interesting to note the aspects various
directors emphasized. No doubt this issue
will be helpful to many nurses throughout
Canada who are always a bit puzzled ov
the programs of the various universi
schools. - E.A. Electa MacLennan, dire
tor, Dalhousie University School of NUl
ing, Halifax, N.S.
Dear Editor:
Readers will be interested in certa
amendments made in the admission r
quirement to the University of Toron
School of Nursing. These will be effecti'
in the 1967-1968 session.
I. Graduate nurse students enrolled
the degree course no longer have to cor
plete the prerequisite in psychiatric nursin
2. The maturity clause referred to
your article (Dec. 1966, p. 42) has bee
revised and, commencing with the 196
1968 session, students of 25 years of aJ
may request special consideration if the
have not completed the published admi
sion requirements. These applicants w
be required to have standing in at least OJ
Grade 13 subject. - Helen M. Carpente
director, University of Toronto School I
Nursing.
Growl at "grumps"
Dear Editor:
Excuse this informal note but I car
resist a growl at the "grumps" lett
(February, 1966). You are putting out I
interesting magazine! Thank you for tl
good work. - Amanda Sloane, Denve.
Colorado.
Article sparks punster
Dear Editor:
Holy veterinarian, bat-nurse!
If you'll forgive me for sounding caU
rm sure that the article "Deserter
People" (March, 1967, p. 4S} didn't me;
to imply that nurses are for the birds. .
that nursing is going to the dogs.
The editors èlre as wise as owls to featu
some articles on the lighter side of nursin
Please keep busy as bees producing a jou
nal that makes Canadian nurses as proud
peacocks - G. Norens. Ontario.
Scholarship offered
Dear Editor,
The Regina General Hospital School
Nursing Alumnae is offering a yearly sch
larship of $500 to active members of tl
Alumnae, for postgraduate study in aJ
university school of nursing. Applicants mu
be actively engaged in nursing and registen
APRIL 19t.
in Saskatchewan. Completed applications
must be received by May 1st. Application
corm and further information may be ob-
lained from: (Mrs.) Margaret Klassen,
chairman. Scholarship Committee, 2 Lan-
gley. Regina. Saskatchewan.
Will donate journal collection
Dear Editor,
I have a complete collection of THE
CANADIAN NURSE journals from May, 1958,
10 the present. Because of the bulk and
weight of this collection. I am unable to
:ontinue storing these valuable journals.
I would like to donate the collection in
its entirety to any school of nursing lib-
rary that may require it. - (Mrs.) B. Orieux,
Box 689, Drayton Valley. Alberta.
Finds journal dull
Dear Editor,
It is with considerable mlsglVlng that I
renew my subscription to your magazine,
since I find it rather dull and unchallenging.
I had great hopes for a more vital and
interesting journal with the changes in
format a few years ago. Unfortunately, the
change was only in format - the same
tired articles still appear. Certainly in this
time of ferment and change in the nursing
situation one expects this to be reflected
in the official journal. However, this is
not the case.
I will continue with the French edition.
If I am not to be stimulated on nursing
topics, at least I can keep up with my
French. - (Mrs.) L.S. McCullogh, Victoria,
B.C.
Articles to be reprinted
Dear Editor:
I have just read two articles in your pub-
lication which interested me greatly: "LSD
25 and related substances," by Dr. H. War-
nes, and "Recent Advances in Heart Sur-
gery," by Drs. Grondin and Meere.
As Editor of the Bulletin of the Canadian
Association of Medical Record Librarians,
I am writing to obtain your permission to
reprint these articles in issues of our publica-
tion. If you would be kind enough to agree
to this, I would be most appreciative.
Joy Dunkley, R.R.L., Toronto, Ont.
Dear Editor,
The January, 1967 journal contains three
articles that I consider could be of great
interest to nurses in this State. I would be
most grateful if you would permit me to use
the following articles in the Queensland
Nurses Journal: 1. "Intensive care unit in
cardiovascular surgery," by C. Boisvert, 2.
"Nursing Care in varicose vein surgery," by
M. Rodrigue, and 3. "Varicose veins of the
lower limbs," by Dr. Dionne. - B. Schultz,
Executive Secretary, Royal Australian Nurs-
ing Federation (Queensland Branch), Aus-
tralia. 0
APRIL 1967
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APRIL 1967
news
How to Solve a Problem
Getting problems solved is a problem.
However. directors and assistant directors
of nursing service will get some aid in ways
to work through a problem at special re-
gional workshops to be held this spring.
The Canadian Nurses' Association is
sponsoring four-day workshops to stimulate
direçtors and assistant directors of nursing
to use the problem-solving approach in
administration.
This method. used for years in industry
and business, breaks down the problem into
steps. each of which can be further divided
and treated separately. Main steps involve:
recognition of the real problem (not just
its manifestations); examination of all fac-
tors: finding possible solutions and deciding
on the most useful; and implementation
of the plan and its final evaluation.
At the Atlantic workshop (Halifax. April
11-14) Mr. G.A. Hillier, industrial rela-
tions officer, Nova Scotia Light and Power
Corporation, will be chief speaker and dis-
cussion leader. He will also serve as con-
sultant to delegates when they break into
smaller work and discussion groups. Miss
Joan M. Gilchrist, assistant professor, School
for Graduate Nurses, McGill, will deliver
the opening address. Her topic will be
"Nursing Service: Today's Dilemmas." Mrs.
A. Isobel MacLeod, director of nursing,
Montreal General Hospital, will give the
final address.
At the Pacific workshop (Vancouver, May
2-5) Dr. Larry Moore, assistant professor,
Faculty of Commerce and Business Ad-
ministration, University of British Columbia.
will be the chief speaker. discussion leader,
and consultant. Miss Madge McKilIop, as-
sistant administrator of nursing, University
Hospital. Saskatoon, will deliver the opening
dddress. Miss Kathleen Dier, assistant pro-
fessor of nursing, University of Saskatoon.
will give the closing address.
Miss Frances Howard. CNA consultant
in nursing service, is in charge of the work-
shops.
Out of respect for the memory
of His Excellency, Governor-
General Georges P. Vanier, the
Official Opening of the Head-
quarters of the Canadian Nurses'
Association has been postponed
untll September, 1967.
APRIL 1967
CNA Board Appoints President
.
"-
I
1 '"
.-.
--- --
- --
-#'
e
Sister Mary Felicitas was appointed President of the Canadian Nurses' Asso-
ciation at the biannual Board of Directors meeting March 15 to 17, 1967.
The new President will serve for the balance of the term that would have been
served by Dr. Katherine E. MacLaggan who died in February. Sister Mary
Felicitas, elected Pr.esident-elect by acclamation at the CNA 33rd General
Meeting in July, 1966, is Director of the School of Nursing at St. Mary's
Hospital, Montreal. She is a graduate of Providence Hosptal, Moose Jaw,
Saskatchewan, and holds a B.Sc. degree from the University of Ottawa, and
an M.Sc. from the Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C.
World Health Day
World Health Day, April 7. marks the
anniversary of the establishment of the
world Health Organization in 1948. Each
year on World Health Day, WHO uses a
theme to draw attention to a health ques-
tion important to the world.
For 1967. the theme is "Partners in
Health." It calIs attention to career oppor-
tunities in health and to the world's serious
hortage of health personnel.
.'When we look at the state of the world's
health. at the progress which has been made
and the difficulties yet to be overcome, says
Dr. M. G. Candau, director-general of
WHO, "it is clear that the scarcity of
trained manpower for the health services is
an urgent problem almost everywhere -
especially in the developing countries."
"The progress of medical science has
made teamwork an essential feature of all
health care," according to Dr. Candau.
The day of the solitary research worker
or the single-handed physician providing
every form of medical care for his patients
has indeed passed.
"The team is the most efficient instru-
ment for combining the efforts of health
workers with different skills and experience
for the greater benefit of the individual
patient, or for the health care of the com-
munity.
"Teams vary in size and complexity. They
range from the group of a dozen highly
specialized individuals performing the
amazing operations of heart surgery, to
the three or four health workers with sim-
ple skills who, based on a rural health post,
THE CANADIAN NURSE 7
news
100" after the heahh needs of a widely-
pread population of 5,000 or more.
"Each of these two teams - so different
in training and interests - is composed of
individuals who share a single purpose.
They are partners in a common undertaking,
and on World Health Day 1967 these "Part-
ners in Health" are justly honored."
"Instant" Librariansl
Non-professional librarians working in
schools of nursing will receive assistance
from workshops sponsored by the Cana-
dian Nurses' Association. A program has
been drafted and individual subject out-
lines are in preparation. It is expected that
the first workshop will be held in August
or September, 1967.
"The workshop cannot produce 'instant'
librarians, but will outline the elements of
library organization and service, and assist
non-professional personnel to direct their
efforts to provide better service," says Mar-
garet Parkin, CNA Librarian and consultant
for the workshops.
As nursing education gradually moves
out of hospital schools into the general
education system, nursing library facilities
will probably become part of collections of
heahh science literature. Hospitals also
will tend to centralize library facilities for
medical, nursing, dietary, therapy, and other
staffs.
Provision of these central library facilities
will help to overcome problems, such as
depth and range of the materials, now faced
in small nursing collections. Users will
have access to larger and better collections,
and. at the same time, nursing sections will
be larger and better covered as the total
nursing budget will be directed to nursing
materials. The institutional library may also
be able to afford professional librarians to
organize material and provide service.
"These centralized services are still in the
future, however," says Miss Parkin. "The
present workshops aim to help in the exist-
ing situation. Good library services are es-
sential to quality nursing education, re-
search, and practice, and we must do our
best to provide them under present condi-
tions of staff and budgets."
Macmillan Award Winner for 1966
I
-.
. .,
-
Joan Kathleen Oswald, a third-year student at St. Joseph's School of Nursing in Vic-
toria, B.C., is first-prize winner of the Macmillan Comprehensive Nursing Care Studies
Competition for 1966. The theme of her study was "Care of a Patient witll Aneurysm
of the Internal Carotid." She is congratulated by Sister Mary Ronalda, Director
of St. Joseph's School of Nursing. Second-prize winner was Rochelle Sirois, a student
at the Edmonton General Hospital School of Nursing. The Competition, sponsored for
the past 12 years by The Macmillan Company of Canada, ended December 31, 1966.
8 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Ad Hoc Committee
on Accreditation Meets
Accreditation for Canadian nursing school
- Who would do it? What would it cost?
When could it start? Is it really practical?
These are the questions facing the Ad
Hoc Committee on Accreditation appointed
for the ] 966-68 Biennium by the Board 01
Directors of the Canadian Nurses' Associa-
tion. The first meeting of the Committee,
under chairman Sister Denise Lefebvre, was
held at CNA House late in February. The
six members reviewed past activities that
led to the committee's establishment and
have prepared recommendations to go be-
fore the Board at its mid-March meeting.
Terms of reference as laid down by the
Board ask the committee to blueprint the
technical aspects of accreditation.
Nursing Homes Institute
Hears New Regulations
Reading of the new regulations, spelling
out the requirement of the Nursing Homes
Act passed by the Ontario legislature last
June, provided a dramatic finish to the
Institute on Nursing Home Care held Feb-
ruary 2]-22 in Toronto.
Dr. Norman Angel, physician in charge
of the chronic care program of the Depart-
ment of Health (Ontario) told delegates to
the two-day meeting that the new Regula-
tions aim to provide an even level of care
across the province. The department of
health will now license all nursing homes.
The new Regulations provide minimal
standards, and are particularly concerned
with fire safety, sleeping accommodation ar-
rangements (including space, light, venti-
lation), advisory medical and dental supervi-
sion, and quality and quantity of nursing care.
The Regulations, which had been tabled
by the government just prior to the meeting,
were read to delegates as there had not
been sufficient time to have copies published.
Walter Lyons, associate administrator of
the Baycrest Hospital and Jewish Home for
the Aged, Toronto, was Keynote speaker.
"It is the staff, and not the residents, who set
the tone in an institution," he said. "If the
institution is clean, quiet, orderly and deadly
boring, it is not because the residents or
patients need it that way or bring it about."
Demonstrations on patient reactivation,
discussions and symposiums on medication
and dental problems among the aged, liabil-
ity insurance, hospital-nursing home relation-
ships, and the role of registered nurses in
nursing homes were also part of the ] 967
Institute.
Co-sponsors of the second annual insti-
tute were the Associated Nursing Homes
Incorporated of Ontario, the Registered
Nurses' Association of Ontario, the Ontario
Dental Association, the Ontario Hospital
Association, the Ontario Medical Association,
and the Ontario Welfare Council.
APRIL 1%7
news
Collective Bargaining
Coast to Coast
At the Canadian Nurses' Association So-
cial and Economic Welfare Committee meet-
ing held in Ottawa February 27-28, seven
provindal nurses' associations reported that
some 176 units are now bargaining collec-
tively for their members.
From British Columbia, where the
RNABC has been the collective bargaining
agent for its members for over 20 years, to
New Brunswick, where the NBARN recently
participated in voluntary negotiations with
the government for the first time, collective
bargaining is gaining momentum across the
nation.
A 1966 amendment to the Alberta Regis-
tered Nurses' Act allows the AARN to act
as bargaining agent for its members.
In Saskatchewan. where nurses have .no
collective bargaining rights, the SRNA has
drafted a nurses' collective bargaining bill
for presentation to the provincial legislature.
Over 1,200 Ontario nurses, with assistance
from the RNAO, are now organized for col-
lective bargaining.
In Quebec, over 6,000 French-speaking
nurses are members of bargaining units and
two new groups of nurses have recently
been formed. one under the aegis of Dis-
tric II ANPQ.
NBARN negotiated a 20 percent salary
increase for New Brunswick nurses in March
1967, raising the starting salaries of gen-
eral staff nurses from $3,720 to $4.476 an-
nually by 1968.
The ANPEI held a collective bargaining
workshop in January and will distribute ma-
terial at the district level to pave the way
for collective bargaining in Prince Edward
Island.
Campaign Against Measles
A mass immunization campaign against
measles is currently underway by the Sas-
katchewan Department of Public Health.
Started in October, 1966, the program
was originally offered to all children bet-
ween one and three years. The age group
was extended to all preschoolers in Decem-
ber.
Only one injection is required. Measles
Virus Vaccine, Live, Attenuated (Schwartz
Strain) is used. Children may experience
febrile reactions and general malaise, but
serious side effects are rare.
As the majority of children over one
year have previously had immunization
against diptheria, pertussis. tetanus, polio,
and smallpox, the measles vaccine is usual-
ly given alone, but there is no contraindica-
APRIL 1967
A
--'
\
Chairman of the Committee on Social and Economic Welfare, Evelyn Hood (right), and
Ontario Committee member, Margaret R. Page, take a few minutes during a coffee break
to compare provincial labnr lef?islatioll. The Committee met in Ottawa February 27-28.
tion to giving DPT and measles vaccine
together.
"The Saskatchewan Department of Pub-
lic Health recommends that all children
who have not had measles should receive
the vaccine," says Miss E. Louise Miner.
director, nursing division.
The Saskatchewan program is believed
to be the only one in Canada at the present
time.
laval Opens School of Nursing
Laval University has announced the es-
tablishment of a university program in
nursing.
The school will be known as "L'école
des sciences infirmières." and for the pre-
sent will be under the faculty of medicine.
It will offer a bachelor program com-
mencing in September 1967 and from Sep-
tember 1968, a master's program.
The bachelor's program will take three
years (six semesters). Practical experience
under the direction of the school will be
integrated throughout the course. The pro-
gram will include courses given in other
departments of the University.
The master's program will prepare can-
didates for specialization in the clinical
field. It will take two years. Doctoral pro-
grams will be determined later.
Candidates interested in teaching will take
courses in educational psychology offered
by the college of education.
The number of candidates will be limited.
Those who wish to enter the baccalaure-
ate program must have a diploma from an
institute or general college with prerequisite
options suited to nursing, or equivalent
preparation. Specific options will be decided
by the school based on the institute pro-
grams when the latter are known (April
1967 at the latest). Diploma nurses must
make up any required subjects, based on
individual evaluation of their applications.
Candidates for the master's degree must
possess a bachelor of science in nursing
as well as other prerequisites to be deter-
mined when the program is established.
Most schools of nursing in the eastern
Quebec region are affiliated with Laval
University. These schools and any post-
diploma courses eventually will be directed
by a Board separate from the Laval School.
Red Cross Bursary
For Ontario RN
A $1,000 bursary is being offered again
this year to graduate nurses in Ontario. by
The Canadian Red Cross Society, Ontario
Division. The purpose of the Award is to
enable a nurse to undertake further prepa-
ration in nursing at the degree level.
The successful candidate will be selected
on the basis of training. nursing experience,
and leadership qualities. The applicant's anlic-
ipated contribution to nursing in Ontario
will be considered.
Interested nurses should write to Dr.
Helen McArthur, The Canadian Red Cross
Society, 95 Wellesley Street East, Toronto 5,
for application forms and further infor-
mation. Applications must be submitted be-
fore May I. 1967.
The winner of the 1966 bursary, Miss
Marjorie Wallington, is presently completing
studies toward her master's degree in psy-
chiatric nursing at Boston University, Bos-
ton, Massachusetts.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 9
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10 THE CANADIAN NURSE
news
Public Health Nurses
Sign Contract
The Nurses' Association Peel County
Health Unit recently signed a co1/ective
agreement with County officials, effective
for one year; January I. 1967 to December
31. 1967.
The Peel County contract is the first
to be negotiated by public health nurses
after certification (March. 1966) by the
Labour Relations Board. Ontario county
nurses secured their contract in May, 1966,
by voluntary employer recognition of their
Association, without certification.
Under the Peel County contract, public
health nurses receive increases ranging from
$650 to $850 per year, and registered nurses,
from $400 to $800. Minimum salary for a
public health nurse is raised from $4.700
to $5,350 and maximum from $5,700 to
$6,550. Minimum for a registered nurse is
raised from $4,400 to $4.800 and maximum
from $5,000 to $5,800. Annual increments
for public health nurses are $300 and for
registered nurses $250.
Vacations under the contract will be three
weeks after one year's service and four
weeks after seVen years. Two years ago,
vacations of 18 working days per year were
unilaterally reduced to two weeks after one
year, three weeks after ten years, and four
weeks after 20 years.
The provincial civil service scale for car
allowance has been adopted; 14( per mile
for the first 5,000 miles per year; 7
per
mile for the next 5,000 miles, and 5( per
mile over 10,000 miles. Nurses driving less
than 350 miles per month will receive a
minimum of $50 per month.
Mrs. Sharon Down and Miss Luce Teunis-
sen represented the Nurses' Association Peel
County Health Unit during negotiations.
assisted by RNAO's Director and Associate
Director of Employment Relations, Mr. L.
B. Sharpe and Miss K.R. Lewis.
The Registered Nurses' Association of
Ontario announced that grey-listing of Peel
County, effective since negotiations broke
down last November, has now been re-
moved. The grey-listing of Halton County
and the United Counties of Stormont, Dun-
das and Glengarry remains in effect.
Bilingual Regional School
For Ottawa
A new bilingual school of nursing is soon
to be established for the Ottawa region.
As in all other regional nursing schools in
Ontario, the school will be under the Ontario
Department of Health and receive federal
financial assistance. The program and organ-
ization will be subject to approval by the
Ontario College of Nurses. The budget will
be contro1/ed by the Board of Administra-
tion of the school, subject to approval by the
Ontario Hospital Services Commission.
The regional schools program is of two
years duration folIowed by an internship
year; it is a transitional program between
the present hospital diploma program and
the two-year program to be offered in re-
gional and independent schools which is
proposed for 1975. At that time, it is pro-
posed that a1/ hospital-run schools will be
closed.
With the exception of the school dt
the Ottawa Civic Hospital, hospital
schools in Ottawa will no longer accept
students when the new school opens. Stu-
dents of the new school will receive prac-
tical experience in the other hospitals, how-
ever. Ottawa General, Perley, St. Vincent,
Grace, St. Louis Marie de Monfort, and
Riverside Hospitals will provide student
experience.
A l4-member committee, comprised of
two representatives from each of these
hospitals, was formed in May. 1966. Colonel
Laval Fortier, chairman, said that the com-
mittee is looking for a bilingual director
and is studying possible locations for the
school facilities. The school is expected to
open in the fall of 1968.
The new school will have room for 200
students each year. It is expected, however,
that admissions will be less for the first
few years.
Apply Now For
UWO Senior Seminar
The University of Western Ontario
School of Nursing in London will still
accept a limited number of applications for
its Seminar For Senior Nursing Executives.
June 12-23. 1967. This seminar is provided
for nurses in senior positions in hospitals,
Toueh
The 900 people who have
joined Canadian University
Service Overseas took on a
tough job. Long hours. Little
money. But the reward was
in the response of people
eager to help themselves.
Now it's your turn. Write
CUSO, 151 Slater Street,
Ottawa.
cuso
The Canadian Peace Corps
APRIL 1967
news
schools of nursing, public health agencies
and professional organizations.
There are no academic requirements. The
course is designed to benefit both nurses
who have completed university studies and
those who have not.
"Meals on Wheels"
For Shut-Ins
Disabled and elderly persons in many
cities in Canada now can remain independ-
ent, even though unable to cook hot meals
for themselves.
"Meals on Wheels:' a team effort of
local VON branches, women's organiza-
tions, and hospitals, provides hot meals 10
persons of any age who are confined to
their homes. This is neither a charitable nor
a catering service. Its main objective is to
allow persons to be independent.
In Brockville. Ontario, for example, the
"Meals on Wheels" service is jointly spon-
sored by the VON, the Brockville General
Hospital. and the May Court Club. Hot
noon meals are served three days a week
to JO shut-ins. The VON supplies the
names of persons requiring the meals, and
the Brockville General Hospital kitchen
staff prepare the food and pack it in air-
tight containers. The meals are then deliver-
ed by members of the May Court Club,
and arrive "piping hot" at their destination.
"Meals on Wheels" provides not only a
hot. substantial meal to the shut-in, but a
cheery visit from the woman who delivers it.
Narcotic Treatment Center
Dr Jacques Naiman, director of the out-
patient psychiatric clinic at the Jewish
General Hospital in Montreal, and profes-
sor in psychiatry at McGill University, has
described a new research and treatment
center for drug addicts.
Speaking to a group at the annual study
day, he said that the center has spent
some time studying techniques of treating
the narcotic addict. The center permits
addicts to be admitted during the with-
drawal period and works with them. Social
assistance agencies assist in the rehabilit-
ation program. This represents the only
trial of this kind in the province, and the
only other similar centers of this type are
in Toronto and Vancouver.
Treatment in the center is with metha-
done, a derivative of morphine, which al-
leviates the withdrawal symptoms, but is
less addicting. To help calm the patient,
a tranquilizer, such as Librium, may be
used to help return the patient to a useful
life.
The center also utilizes Cyclazocine, a
non-narcotic medication that counteracts
APRIL 1967
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A Hot Meal at Noon. In Brockvil/e, Ontario, the "Meals on Wheels" service delivers a
hot, mid-day meal three days each week to Mr. and Mrs. William Francis. The elderly
couple keep house for themselves, but find the preparation of a dinner too much of an
effort. COllsequelltly, the VON recommended "Meals on Whee/". Here, Mr. and Mrs.
Francis are about to enjoy the meal that has been delivered by Mrs. I.R. Amtis, of the
May Court Club. Miss lealllrelle Funke, VaN nurSe in charge of the local branch,
looks 011. The meals are prepared at Broch'ille General Hospital.
the effects of heroin - even injections
five times the normal dose.
The center, whose main objective is
research, hopes to obtain financial aid
from the Quebec Office for the Prevention
and Treatment of Alcoholism and Drug
Addiction. This would permit the est-
ablishment of a laboratory to aid in rapid
and economical detection of narcotic bar-
biturate and amphetamine addicts.
New School and Residence
Facilities FOr Brandon
A new $1,500,000 school of nursing and
residence unit for Brandon General Hospi-
tal is scheduled to start this spring. The
new facilities will accomodate 170 student
nurses, double the present number.
The new 8-story residence is adjacent to a
two-story school facility with an ad-
joining link. When completed, the building
will house classrooms, a lecture theatre,
offices, a library, an auditorium, a gym-
nasium, and recreation and lounge faci-
lities.
The school of nursing is the only one
in Brandon, and one of seven hospital
schools in the province.
Construction will start this spring and
is expec:ed to be completed by 1968.
Design Frees Nurses
To Nurse
There are no shelves in the service rooms,
no linen cupboards, and no one runs down
to pharmacy for a stat medication. Modern
supply concepts at the new Riverside Hospi-
tal of Ottawa are designed to keep nurses
nursing.
The new acute-care general hospital has
309 beds. 56 bassinets, and 21 service beds
for labor, recovery, and emergency care.
A five-floor "patient tower" rises above
the two-floor "service platform." The lower
floors contain the service areas: kitchen and
cafeteria, pharmacy, stores, central supply
area, central sterilizing room, laundry, and
employee locker-rooms are located on the
first level; administrative offices, emergency
(Continued on page 13)
THE CANADIAN NURSE 11
Save hours of your time D 1 1 @
by replacing the enema with... U CO ax Suppositories
,
I
"
,
...
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, .
:
t
,. "
...
I
.
"
"
Even modem enema equipment is cumbersome and time-.
consuming to assemble. Irrigation poles, bags, tubing,
bedpans-all must be drawn from Central Supply, in-
spected and brought to the bedside. It cuts into your valu-
able morning time and becomes a real burden when you
have several patients needing enemas.
And, more often than not, your patients are distressed at
the prospect of discomfort and loss of dignity-especially
the elderly, the seriously ill, or postpartum and post-
surgical patients.
Dulcolax (brand ofbisacodyl)
Dulcolax Suppositories 10 mg
Du1colax Suppositories for Children 5 mg
Du1colax Tablets 5 mg
"
Dulcolax Suppositories offer a sure, simple way to elimi-
nate the enema routine. One small suppository is inserted
in seconds. You like the simplicity and convenience-
patients are grateful to be spared the ordeal of an enema.
Dulcolax Suppositories usually act in 15 minutes to 1 hour,
so you can time evacuations and reduce accidents. You
can finish the whole ward in less time, with less effort,
less soiled linen.
Boehringer Tngelheim Products
Division of Geigy (Canada) Limited, Montreal
B-SHJ 6S
news
(Colllinued from page J J)
services, x-ray, laboratory, physiotherapy,
and the O.R., recovery rooms and intensive
care suite are on ground level.
The service facilities deliver all supplies
directly to patient areas. Medical supplies
usually found in service room cupboards are
delivered by interchangeable large carts,
which are left on the unit for 24 hours then
returned to central supply for checking and
restocking. Linen supplies are handled the
same way. Additionnal supplies or special
equipment are delivered from central supply
by means of a tray-conveyor which automat-
ically routes the material to the correct loca-
tion. Soiled materia1s are returned to a
special decontaminating and cleaning area
by trayveyor.
All wards and departments are connected
by pneumatic tube systems; this pennits
rapid transportation of messages, charts, and
small supplies to and from laboratory, x-ray
and pharmacy, for instance.
The hospital design is planned to improve
ervice to the patient by freeing nurses from
non-nursing duties for bedside care. This
centra1ized system of distribution of mate-
Facts about
Registered
Nurses in
Canada
Source: Research Unit,
Canadian Nurses
Association, 1966
Percent
50
APRIL 1967
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Service room supply and linen carts are loaded in central despatch area for remo
'al to
wards every 24 hours at the new Ril'erside Hospital of Ottawa.
rials and supplies makes use of the so-called
"Friesen Concept," developed by Gordon A.
Friesen International of Washington. D.C.,
hospital architects and planners.
Miss Velma M. Moffat, director of nurs-
ing. is delighted with the physical facilities
of the new hospita1. "We feel that nurses
are rea1ly free to nurse," she says. "Further.
Turnover Rate: 2
we are trying to emphasize this concept even
more on the wards." There is a trained
medica1 secretary for each nurses' station.
She handles all routine paperwork, all calls
and orders. "It was difficult to get nurses
to trust her at first." says Miss Moffatt.
"but she is now seen as an indispensible
member of the team."
The turnover rate is a ratio of leavers to stayers. In 1964, the turnover rate
for full-time head nurses in public general hospitals in Canada was 18 percent,
nursing supervisors 14 percent, and nursing directors 16 percent.
40
30
_..-::::
20
--
---------
10
1-
9
10-
24
25-
49
50-
99
SIZE OF HOSPITAL (Number of beds)
head nurses
nursing supervisors
nursing directors
/
......
...........
--.....
100-
199
300-
499
500- 1000+
999
200-
299
THE CANADIAN NURSE 13
New! Ready May
DIENHART:
BASIC HUMAN ANATOMY
and PHYSIOLOGY
By Charlotte M. Dienhart, Ph.D.
Illustrated by Steven P. Gigliotti
Here is an entirely new textbook
(not an abridgment of a larger
text) designed for practical nurs-
ing students and paramedical
personnel. It will set a new stan-
dard of clarity, conciseness, and
completeness. Dr. Dienhart ex-
plains human anatomy and phy-
siology in an outstandingly clear
and logical way, covering each
organ system in turn. Important
structures are shown in nearly
200 illustrations, eight pages of
which are in full color. Each
chapter begins with an outline
and ends with a summary and
review questions. References and
a glossary augment the value of
this text.
About 288 pp., illust.
About $4.75.
New Edition! Ready May
BOOKMILLER, BOWEN &
CARPENTER:
OBSTETRICS AND
OBSTETRIC NURSING
By Mae M. Bookmiller, R.N., George
Loveridge Bowen, A.B., M.D., and Dolores
Carpenter, R.N., B.S., M.A.
In a completely updated New
(5th) Edition, this respected text
remains notably clear, complete,
and graphic while incorporating
new information on such current
topics as amniocentesis, intraute-
rine transfusion, and the post-
maturity syndrome. The history
and fundamentals of obstetrics
are presented first, followed by
a detailed description of nursing
care during normal labor and
delivery and the puerperium.
Then possible complications are
discussed and the nursing re-
quirements of the neonate are
described.
About 650 pp., illust.
About $9.25.
... ..:.
.
, ,I'"
4
I" '\
.
. \
. ,
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\
In full color
in Dienhart's
Anatomy
New! Ready April
KOllER & DU GAS:
FUNDAMENTALS
OF PATIENT CARE
By Barbara Blackwood Kozier, R.N., B.A.,
B.S.N., M.N., and Beverly Witter Du Gas,
R.N., B.S., M.N.
Ideally suited to either the diplo-
ma or baccalaureate program,
this new text emphasizes nursing
fundamentals rather than tech-
niques, thus preparing the stu-
dent to understand the proce-
dures she will learn in her clini-
cal training. Major sections COver
the history and fundamentals of
nursing; needs common to all pa-
tients, such as hygiene, nutrition,
and safety; and specific needs of
patients with certain types of dis-
orders (e.g. respiratory problems,
fever, pain). The problem-solving
approach is stressed, with typical
"study situations" given for re-
vie'^'. after each chapter.
About 375 pp., illust.
About $7.00.
New January 1967!
KRON:
COMMUNICATION IN
NURSING
By Thora Kron, R.N., B.S.
This new book by the author of
Nursing Team Leadership is a
practical guide to a vitally im-
portant but often neglected as-
pect of nursing care - the tech-
nique of good communication. It
gives you a wealth of how-to-do-
it information: How to write an
effective memorandum; How to
give a demonstration; How to
make a speech; How to write an
article (on any subject); How to
use the telephone effectively;
How to be a good listener. Non-
verbal communication is recog-
nized, too, and its importance
explained.
244 pp., illust.
$4.05 Jan. 1967
Published by W. B. SAUNDERS COMPANY, Philadelphia and Landon
Order your copies from McAINSH AND CO. LTD.
1835 Yonge Street, Toronto 7.
14 THE CANADIAN NURSE
l
\..'
1967
7e:tú
Þ-e
-to-Z'ate
APRIL 1967
news
Alcoholism Problems
Probed by Nurses
In Ontario, the incidence of alcoholism
has more than doubled in the past 15 years.
A survey taken in 1951 revealed an estimat-
ed 48.878 alcoholics in the province. Today
the figure has mushroomed alarmingly to
100,000.
The nurse's role in this growing health
problem was examined during a three-day
conference at Geneva Park, Lake Couchi-
ching. Ontario, February 27 10 March 2.
The conference, set up to study "Alco-
holism - Social Stress and Harmful De-
pendence," was co-sponsored by the Alco-
holism and Drug Addiction Research Foun-
dation (ADARF), the Donwood Foundation.
the Registered Nurses' Association of On-
tario. the Ontario Hospital Association, and
the provincial medical and public health
associations.
Almost 100 nurses and delegates attended
the three-day conference to listen to guest
lecturers R. Gordon Bell, executive director
of the Donwood Foundation; R. Margaret
Cork, research associate, ADARF; and Rob-
ert J. Gibbins, associate research director,
Psychological Studies, ADARF.
Group discussions on all aspects of alco-
holism look up the balance of time allotted
to the conference, with members of Alco-
holics Anonymous and AI-Anon (a fellow-
hip for relatives and friends of problem
drinkers) on hand to offer personal exper-
iences.
Will Power No Answer
"Addiction is 100 strong to be controlled
by will power alone," said Dr. Bell in his
opening address. "If you. as nurses. can get
.
--.
-
,.
Gordon Patrick of ADARF chats with Dr. Gordon Bell, executive director of the
Donwood Foundation, during a break at Conference on Alcoholism.
this inlo your minds... then you will be able
to help."
Dr. Bell traced the process of alcohol
addiction from the predisposing factors to
the consequences - physical, mental and
social - of an uncontrolled desire to drink.
"The first drink is often the most im-
portant." he said. Individuals "who gel sick
at the smell of the cork obviously do not
have the physical ability to enjoy alcohol
in harmful quantities. However, drinking to
relieve anxiety. depression, loneliness or
boredom can result in the acquired desire
to drink for the sake of drinking," he ex-
plained. As it becomes more and more ne-
cessary for an addict to obtain alcohol, he
resorts to solitary drinking, biding his sup-
ply, and covering up his habit.
"Alcoholics are the prime manipulators in
.
..
..
Emphasis was on group discussion at the Nursing Conference on Alcoholism. Here, Lionel
Sands, Robert Schick, Sandra Doubt, Helen Campbell and chairman Cecile King discuss
a patiellt history. Following discussion indil'idual groups met to compare findings.
APRIL 1967
the community and nurses who don't know
this may find themselves being skillfully
manipulated." he warned.
According to Dr. Bell, the most signif-
icant of recent advances in the treatment
of alcoholics is the official recognition of
addiction as a physical disease. "Now that
it is recognized as a treatable problem, part
of the stigma attached to the disease may
fade," he said.
Pre\'ulence vf A 1c:olwlis/ll
Statistics on alcoholics were presenled by
Dr. Robert Gibbins in his address "Pre-
valence of Alcoholism in Ontario."
He noted that the highest rate of alco-
holism occurs in the unskilled labor cate-
gory and the lowest rate, in professional
and technical people.
Leading cause of death among alcoholics
surveyed was cardiovascular disease, which
accounted for 55 percent of the deaths, ac-
cording to Dr. Gibbins. He pointed out,
however, that this figure does not distin-
guish alcoholic population from general
population. Accidents, second largest killer
among alcoholics, accounted for 16 percent,
"a rate significantly higher than in the ge-
neral population," he said.
Right Attitude Essel/fial
In her address "Those People the Alco-
holic Affects," Margaret Cork, of the Add-
iction Research Foundation, said: "The most
obvious, long-range, indirect role of nurses
is that of strengthening family life."
Miss Cork, who presently is engaged in
a study of 104 children of alcoholics, report-
ed that "almost all of the children expressed
the opinion that the parental fighting and
quarrelling, the hurting and meanness, rather
than the drinking, troubled them the most,"
"Might not the nurse," she asked, "be
the person to start or support informal
THE CANADIAN NURSE 15
news
community team work - to work together
in a new way to rehabilitate the alcoholic
and his family?"
Essential to the role of the nurse are
the attitudes she shares with her peers.
friends, colleagues, and family. "All too
often." Miss Cork pointed out, "she has
one set of attitudes and values when work-
ing with alcoholics, and another for the
, I !IOUifæi.
"
....
party she may be at. where she talks in
such a way as to demean or belittle the
alcoholic. I know of no other illness where
negative feelings and attitudes can so read-
ily color or affect our ability to be truly
helpful."
Miss Cork stressed that any help for the
alcoholic and his family will depend on
a knowledge and understanding of alco-
holism. "Particularly for prevention - it
will depend on how early we recognize that
there are problems within the family's rela-
tionships, and some unhealthy aspects with-
in the functioning of family members."
)
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THE SHOE WITH THE MAGIC SOLE .Prices quoted are Suggested Retail Prices.
Air Step Division, Brown Shoe Company of Canada Ltd., Perth, Ontario
16 THE CANADIAN NURSE
[I/side Story from AA Members
"The alcoholic does not want to be
shielded from his problem, but he does not
want to be looked down upon, either,"
explained Marie, one of four members from
Alcoholics Anonymous who provided an
inside look at the problems of addiction.
Sid and George, two other members, des-
cribed their reactions to people who tried
to help them with their problem. "I didn't
think I was an alcoholic," explained Sid.
"[ really resented anyone who interfered
with my freedom when drinking."
George, too, claimed to be unaware of
his drinking problem. Asked by the audience
how he finally recognized his problem, he
said: "] was given an explanation of alcohol
in a clear way. This is what the alcoholic
needs - the power of simplicity."
Their advice to the nurses was "... Any-
one interested should have the courage to
confront a person with his problem and
offer to take him to a clinic or AA meet-
ing. You must go to meetings yourselves
and learn what it is all about. Then you
can invite the alcoholic to accompany you."
Alberta Hospitals Close Wards:
Blame Shortage of Nurses
The University Hospital in Edmonton has
closed three wards, containing 104 beds, be-
cause of shortage in nursing staff. The
wards have been closed since Christmas.
Miss M. G. Purcell, director of nursing,
aid that another 41 nurses were needed
before the wards could be put into service,
and that a three-month orientation program
for staff recruited from overseas is in opera-
tion to help attract foreign nurses.
The nursing shortage in Alberta seems
to be a chronic situation. Last summer two
Calgary hospitals also closed wards because
of a lack of nursing personnel.
Mrs. Lois Graham-Cumming, research
director of the Canadian Nurses' Associa-
tion, commented on the increasing short-
ages. "In 1966, 562 nurses graduated from
Alberta's nursing diploma programs. This
was a drop of 13 from the previous year.
"In 1966, the Alberta Registered Nurses'
Association granted initial registration to
633 Alberta graduates and initial registra-
tion to 655 out-of-province graduates. In
1965, 166 nurses came from foreign coun-
tries and 107 in 1964, an increase of 59."
Chicoutimi Nurses
Finally Get Contract
Registered nurses at the Hôtel-Dieu Saint-
Vallier in Chicoutimi, Quebec, obtained a
new wage contract at the beginning of Fe-
bruary. They were represented by the Syndi-
cat des infirmières catholiques (SPIC) (Syn-
dicate of Catholic Nurses of Quebec) in the
negotiations.
The 41 other groups of nurses affiliated
with SPIC had renewed their contracts in
November, 1966. However, at the Hôtel-
APRIL 1967
news
Dieu Saint-Vallier the signing of the con-
tract had been delayed because the Alliance
_ representing nurses affiliated with the
Confederation of National Trade Unions
(CNTU) - had contested the representation
by SPIC. The Alliance questioned, before
the Labor Relations Board, the vote taken
by SPIC members in February, 1966. The
CNTU demand was rejected, however, and
SPIC is the single negotiating agent for
nurses at I'Hôtel-Dieu Saint-Vallier.
Gift Helps Cancer Detection
A $25,000 gift presented to the Cancer
Detection Clinic of Women's College Hos-
pital, Toronlo, by Eli Lilly and Company,
will be used to administer a new test for
cancer. The gift was presented by William
D. Cairns, President of Eli Lilly and Com-
pany (Canada) Limited to Dr. Henrietta
Banting, Director of the Clinic, and was
given in memory of her late husband, Dr.
Frederick Banting, the co-discoverer of in-
sulin.
Lady Banting said that the fund would
be used "to extend the service in cancer
detection to include examinations which we
have not been able to provide in the past."
In its program of check-ups for well
people. the Clinic will perform sigmoido-
scopic examinations to detect malignant and
premalignant lesions in the lower intestines.
In addition to the purchase of the necessary
equipment, the Lilly gift also provides for
the training of medical and technical per-
sonnel to handle these tests.
Until now, the Clinic has performed
examinations mainly for breast, cervical and
uterine cancers, and has had 10 refer else-
where suspected cases of malignancy in the
gastrointestinal tract.
WHO Investigates Bilharziasis
The World Health Organization (WHO) is
sending a four-man research team to West-
ern Nigeria to cooperate in detailed investi-
gations into the disease bilharziasis, a serious
problem in many parts of Africa. An epide-
miologist, a malacologist, a parasitologist,
and a laboratory technician will form the
WHO team. WHO will also supply some
vehicles, and a certain amount of equip-
ment.
Bilhariziasis is the third greatest cause
of sickness in African countries, ranking
after tuberculosis and malaria. It is a chro-
nic, water-borne disease caused by eggs and
adult schistosomes (blood flukes), and is
sometimes called "snail-fever" because of the
essential part played by certain water-snails
in passing on the infection. People cannot
infect each other directly; as in malaria a
non-human host is necessary for part of the
cycle. Where there are no snails, or where
APRIL 1967
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they have been killed off. there can be no
bilharziasis.
Treatment for bilharziasis victims should
be given only under medical supervision.
Experts agree that further careful studies
are needed concerning the disease and me-
thods of destroying its snail vectors before
effective large-scale prevention and control
will be possible. The problem is all the more
urgent because bilharziasis tends to invade
new areas with the development of big
hydro-electric and irrigation schemes.
During a first period the team will study
the prevalence of bilharziasis, especially
among school children, the life and habits
of the snail vector, the tiny parasitic worm
(schistosome) that causes the disease. and
various factors influencing its continuation
and spread.
The project also will seek to establish
the most effective ways of measuring the
amount of sickness and number of deaths
for which bilharziasis is directly or indirect-
ly responsible.
The precise scientific information that it
is hoped to obtain will be of the utmost
value to the many countries throughout the
world where bilharziasis counts its victims
by thousands and tens of thousands. 0
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67 3
THE CANADIAN NURSE 17
New 4th Edition!
CARE Of THE PATIENT IN SURGERY
Including Techniques
Þ\ "" Presenting the newest concepts and approaches in care
/'" of the patient in the operating room, the thoroughly
revised, superbly illustrated new edition of this popular
text emphasizes fundamental principles to provide au-
thoritative guidance in all aspects of the nurse's duties
in surgery. Two new chapters, "Surgery on the Ear"
and "Ophthalmic Surgery", have been added to this
new 4th edition.
By EDYTHE LOUISE ALEXANDER, B.S., M.A., R.N.; WANDA BURLEY, B.S.,
M.A., R.N.; DOROTHY ELLISON, B.S., M.A., R.N.; and ROSALIND VALLERI,
B.S., M.A., R.N. Publication date: Ma<eh, 1967. 4th edition, approx. 810
pages, 7" x 10", 555 illustrations, 5 in color. About $15.70.
New 4th Edition!
MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING
The outstanding new edition of this classic text pro-
vides the timely information essential to effective care
of the patient in medical illness or surgical treatment.
The most up-to-date text available, it clearly reflects
current thinking and concepts, with emphasis on pa-
tient care rather than medicine or surgery. In this new
edition, principles of physiology, anatomy and sociolo-
gy are incorporated as they relate to the care of patients
of all ages. A new teaching guide is provided instruc-
tors adopting this new edition.
By KATHLEEN NEWTON SHAFER, R.N., M.A.; JANET R. SAWYER, R.N.,
A.M.; AUDREY M. McCLUSKEY, R.N., M.A.; Sc.M.Hyg.; and EDNA LlFGREN
BECK, R.N., M.A. Publication date: May, 1967. 4th edition, approx. 860
pages, 7" x 10", 236 illustrations. About $10.80.
New 7th Edition!
TEXTBOOK Of ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
The new edition of this widely adopted text has been
thoroughly revised and updated to include the latest
findings in all areas of anatomy and physiology. All
illustrations in the previous edition were carefully eval-
uated and many were replaced. Of the 336 illustrations
in this new edition, 210 are new. Of these, 178 were
done by the noted artist Ernest Beck, as was the new
full-color Trans-Vision (R) Insert. A helpful teaching
guide is provided all instructors adopting this text.
By CATHERINE PARKER ANTHONY, B.A., M.S., R.N. Publication date: April,
1967. 7th edition, approx. 570 pages, 7" x 10". With 336 illustrations of
which 110 are in color and a Trans-Vision(R) Insert of Human Anatomy
by ERNEST W. BECK. About $8.40.
New 7th Edition!
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY LABORATORY MANUAL
Presenting a streamlined method for recording results
of experiments and interpreting these results, the new
edition of this popular manual includes more physiolo-
gical experiments, more audio-visual aid suggestions
and chapter outlines and self tests. Superb new illustra-
tions by Ernest Beck have been added. As an addi-
tional aid to the instructor, a new answer book is in-
cluded for her use.
By CATHERINE PARKER ANTHONY, B.A., M.S., R.N. Illustrated by ERNEST
W. BECK. Publication date: May, 1967. 7th edition. About $4.05.
18 THE CANADIAN NURSE
ASK
YOURSELF
A New Book!
TEXTBOOK Of PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING
This precise, easily understood new text emphasizes
nursing skills and responsibilities to give a well-bal-
anced picture of the organizational and administrative
aspects of public health nursing. Completely current
evaluations are given of such timely public health
topics as mental health, drug addiction, alcoholism, air
pollution control and poison and radiation control.
By ETHEL L. KALLlNS, R.N., B.S., M.P.H. Publication date: February, 1967.
480 pages plus FM I-VIII, 61(." x 91(.", 57 illustrations. Price, $8.50.
New 10th Edition!
PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY
The revised and updated new edition of this widely
adopted text is a well-rounded, authoritative presenta-
tion of the fundamentals of inorganic, organic and
physiologic chemistry for nurses. Practical applications
of chemistry to nursing are made throughout and new
chapters are included on: milliequivalents; nucleopro-
teins and nucleic acids; electrolyte balance; water bal-
ance; acid-base balance; biochemistry of genetics.
By JOSEPH H. ROE, Ph.D. Publication date: March, 1967. 10th edition,
approx. 412 pagel, 6 3 /4" X 9 3 /4", 5S illustrations, 3 in color. About $7.50.
New 5th Edition!
A LABORATORY GUIDE IN CHEMISTRY
The updated new edition of this popular manual pre-
sents 65 exercises in inorganic, organic and physiologic
chemistry for nurses and includes new exercises on
ionization and thin-layer chromotography. It easily
adapts to use with any up-to-date required text.
By JOSEPH H. ROE, Ph.D. Publication date: March, 1967. 5th edition,
approx. 240 pøge., 51/2" x 81/2", 12 illustrations, 2 color plate., figure.
A to L. About $4.05.
APRIL 1967
Are your present textbooks
keeping pace with the high
A New Book!
AN ATLAS OF NURSING TECHNIQUES
This unique supplementary text provides the only pic-
torial presentation available of nursing techniques.
Step-by-step illustrations clearly show actual techniques
and concise discussions give reasons and guiding prin-
ciples involved. Emphasis is on principles and pur-
poses rather than body systems or diseases and on
nursing action rather than equipment.
By NORMA GREENLER DISON, R.N., B.A. Publication date: May, 1967.
Approx. 248 pages, 7" x 10", 113 illustrations. About $8.10.
A New Book!
PRINCIPLES OF OBSTETRICS AND
GYNECOLOGY FOR NURSES
This easy-to-understand new text utilizes a concise,
fundamental approach to provide an understanding of
the foundations, theory and clinical nursing practice
that concerns fetal development, delivery, gynecologic
complications and pathology. The fundamental con-
cepts and principles necess<,ry for understanding the
basics of nursing the mother and the child are clearly
defined.
By JOSEPHINE IORIO, R.N., B.S., M.A. Publication date: May, 1967.
Approx. 332 pag.., 6'/4" x 9'/4", 75 illustrations. About $7.40.
A New Book!
WORKBOOK FOR GYNECOLOGICAL NURSING
The only up-to-date workbook available in this area,
this new manual combines the psychological and patho-
physiological aspects of clinical nursing. Emphasizing
the psychologic aspects of gynecologic nursing through
a situation-type, problem-solving approach to the nurs-
ing-learning situation, it heJps the student understand
how she must meet the emotional needs of the patient
as well as her physical needs. A helpful answer book
is provided instructors using this workbook.
By CONSTANCE LERCH, R.N., B.S. (Ed.); and JOANNE K. WAGNER, R.N.,
B.S. (Nur..). Publication date: January, 1967. 121 page. plu. FM I-X,
7'/2" x 10';''', 6 illustration.. Perforated and punched. Price, $3.80.
New 2nd Edition!
PSYCHOLOGY
The Nurse and the Patient
Presenting its subject in greater depth than ever before,
the new 2nd edition of this highJy readabJe text clearly
shows the student how to relate psychological principles
to daily experiences in the classroom, in the hospital
and in her everyday living. All the latest views and
concepts have been presented and an entirely new
chapter has been added on sensation.
By ROBERT V. HECKEL, B.S., M.S., Ph.D.; and ROSE M. JORDAN, B.S.,
R.N. Publication date: January, 1967. 2nd edition, 344 page. pfu. FM
I-XVIII, 61(." x 91(.", 88 iIIu.tration.. Price, $8.10.
New 4th Edition!
A HANDBOOK AND CHARTING MANUAL
FOR STUDENT NURSES
The new 4th edition of this unique handbook provides
students with the additional help they may need in
arithmetic, spelling, vocabulary, study habits and read-
ing, hand-writing and printing and personal appear-
ance. In this new edition, the material on fundamentals
of charting has been completely updated to include the
latest accepted methods and concepts.
By ALICE L. PRICE, R.N., M.A. Publication date: January, 1967. 4th
edition, 211 page. plu. FM I-X, 8';''' xII", 50 iIIu.tration.. Price, $5.30.
New 7th Edition!
SELF-TEACHING TESTS
IN ARITHMETIC FOR NURSES
The thoroughly updated new edition of this popular
manual of self-instruction provides the simplest, most
direct approach to basic arithmetic and its application
to problems in dosages and solutions. In this new edi-
tion, all drugs are labeled by both generic and trade
names and an illustrated explanation of the various
types of syringes, calibrations and comparisons of
units of measure is included. Pretests and achievement
tests are also included. An answer book is provided for
the student's use.
By RUTH W. JESSEE, R.N., Ed.D. Publication date: March, 1967. 7th
edition, approx. 195 page., 7 1 /4" x 10 1 /2", 21 ill'Iltrations. About $3.20.
THE C. V. MOSBY COMPANY, LTD.
Publishers
86 Northline Road. Toronto 16, Ontario
APRIL 1967 THE CANADIAN NURSE 19
names
The University of
Ottawa was the third
stop for Duanpen
Chatikanand, from
Thailand, during her
recent tour of Can-
adian and American
universities. During
_ :ik her stay in the Ca-
pital, Mrs. Chatikan-
and visited the headquarters of the Cana-
dian Nurses' Association.
On September 12, 1966, Mrs. Chatikan-
and left Bankok, Thailand for Montreal.
She attended classes in the basic, postgrad-
uate and master's programs at McGill
University for three months. Next she at-
tended the University of New Brunswick in
Fredericton. Following her stay at the
University of Ottawa, Mrs. Chatikanand
made similar visits to the Universities of
Toronto and British Columbia.
As the assistant director of nursing
(education) at Siriraj School of Nursing
and Midwifery, University of Medical
Sciences, Dhonburi, Thailand, Mrs. Chati-
kanand will have the opportunity "to introd-
uce new ideas into the school" on her
return from North America.
A graduate in nursing and midwifery
from the same school, Mrs. Chatikanand
also holds her B.S.N. from the University
of Pittsburgh, which she attended on a
fellowship.
In 1959 she first joined the staff of
the school of nursing and in 1963 she was
appointed assistant director of nursing.
About nursing in Thailand Mrs. Chatikan-
and says, "It is on the same level as other
professions with salaries comparable to
those in industry."
Before returning home to the Siriraj
School of Nursing, Mrs. Chatikanand will
be visiting the Universities of Pittsburgh,
Boston, New York and Washington in the
United States.
"\
At the end of Jan-
uary, 1967, Sister
Jeannine Montour of
the Grey Nuns of the
Cross of Ottawa left
for Zambia, Central
Africa.
-
......
\
ing
20
Sister was sent to
Africa because of her
experience in teach-
and nursing. A graduate of Ste-
THE CANADIAN NURSE
\
Thérèse Hospital School of Nursing.
Shawinigan, Quebec, she obtained her
B.Sc.N. in 1960 at Marguerite d'Youville
Institute in Montreal. Since then she has
spent three years as assistant director of Ste-
Thérèse Hospital School of Nursing and the
last three and one-half years as supervisor
of pediatrics at Ottawa General Hospital.
For the past year Sister also served as
treasurer for the Ottawa Chapter of the
Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario.
Sister Montour is one of three nurses
at St. Luke's Hospital in Mpanshya, 110
miles from Lusaka, the capital of Zambia.
Sister Agnes Fleu-
ry, s.g.m., director of
the Regina Grey
-:;.. Nuns' Hospital
School of Nursing
since last September,
has been appointed
assistant administra-
tor, nursing.
Sister Fleury is a
graduate of the St. Boniface Hospital
School of Nursing, with a bachelor of
science degree in nursing. She has been as-
sociated with nursing education for many
years. Previous to her appointment at the
Grey Nuns' Hospital last August, Sister was
director of the St. Boniface Hospital School
of Nursing.
Oressa Hubbert has
been appointed dir-
ector of the new
Credit ValIey Region-
al School of Nursing
in CooksvilIe, On-
tario.
Miss Hubbert, a
graduate of the Mack
Training School, St.
Catharines, Ontario, completed her re-
quirements for a master of science in nurs-
ing degree at the University of Western
Ontario in 1964. She has had experience
in both nursing service and education and
is presently associate director of nursing
education at St. Joseph's School of Nursing,
London, Ontario.
...
On January I, 1967, the school of nurs-
ing at Guelph General Hospital separated
from the n.Jrsing service department. Lois
Campbell, formerly director of nursing
with the dual responsibility for education
and service, became director of nursing
service; Barbara Curry was appointed dir-
ector of the school of nursing.
r
'..-... .
-
-
...
.
4 _
L..-J'
Lois Campbell Barbara Curry
Miss CampbelI is a 1943 graduate of
Guelph General Hospital School of Nurs-
ing. After graduation, she obtained a diplo-
ma in nursing education at the University
of Toronto, and returned to teach at her
home school. She became associate director
of nursing service in 1951. After obtaining
her baccalaureate degree at the University
of Western Ontario, London, in 1960, she
returned to Guelph General Hospital as
director of nursing.
Miss Curry, a 1954 graduate of Victoria
Hospital School of Nursing, London, On-
tario, obtained a diploma in nursing edu-
cation following graduation and in 1964, a
B.Sc.N. degree from the University of West-
ern Ontario. She has held teaching posi-
tions at the Hospital for Sick Children,
South Waterloo Memorial Hospital School
of Nursing, and Guelph General Hospital
School of Nursing.
The new acting di-
rector of Regina Grey
Nuns' School of Nurs-
ing is Catherine Teresa
O'Shaughnessy, a gra-
duate of SI. Mary Hos-
pital School of Nurs-
ing, Montreal. Mrs.
O'Shaughnessy a Iso
holds her bachelor of
science in nursing from SI. Francis Xavier
University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia.
Since graduation she has gained experience
as science instructor at Holy Family Hos-
pital School of Nursing in Prince Albert
and at Regina Grey Nuns' School of Nurs-
ing in Regina, Saskatchewan.
During the five years previous to her pre-
sent appointment Mrs. O'Shaughnessy was as-
sistant director at the same school.
Active in many nursing organizations, she
has served as chainnan on the Public Rela-
(Continued on page 22)
APRIL 1967
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"Different" Ideas lor Gitls and Favors, Too!
22 THE CANADIAN NURSE
,
names
(Co",i//lled 11"011/ pUKe 20)
tions Committee of the Saskatchewan Regis-
tered Nurses' Association. on the Nursing
Education Committee. and on the Publicity
Committee of the Saskatchewa!1 Council of
Catholic Nurses.
No.
100
Viola M. Aboud of
Shawinigan, Quebec,
has been appointed as-
sistant nursing coor-
dinator for the nursing
station in the Man and
His Health Pavilion
at Expo 67. Miss
Aboud is on loan from
her position as special
assistant to the director of nursing at The
Montreal General HospitaJ. She will be on
Expo staff from March I to October 31,
1967. A Montreal General graduate, Miss
Aboud took further education at McGill, re-
ceiving her diploma in teaching and super-
vision from the School for Graduate Nurses.
Miss Aboud worked for six months in the
American University Hospital in Beirut.
Lebanon, and spent several months touring
the middle east. She speaks Arabic, as well
as English and French.
Her past experience as head nurse and
nursing arts instructor in Montreal will be
helpful in her Expo position. Miss Aboud
will share in planning and organization duties,
and hèlp in the orientation of graduates and
students coming from all parts of Canada
to staff the nursing station.
No.
169
Dr. Glen W. Bartlett, a native of Cana-
da, has been appointed manager of scien-
tific planning for the American Hospital
Supply Corporation.
Dr. Bartlett graduated from Mount Al-
lison University. Sackville, New Brunswick,
received his master's degree in microbio-
logy from the University of London, and
his doctor's degree in microbiology from
Oxford University.
Subsequently he held appointments as
associate professor in microbiology at
Memorial University of Newfoundland,
and as associate professor of microbiology
in the faculty of medicine, McGill Uni-
versity, Montreal. Prior to his present
appointment, he was senior research micro-
biologist at Abbott Laboratories.
The Alberta Association of Registered
Nurses has awarded this year's Margaret
CogswelI Memorial Scholarship to Mildred
Joan Arsene who is currently completing
the final year of the post-basic degree pro-
gram in teaching and supervision at the
University of Alberta, Edmonton. 0
Next Month
in
The
Canadian
Nurse
. child care worker
in psychiatry
. attitudes of nurses
to nursing
. drug protection for
Canadians
Photo credits
Dominion-Wide p. 7, 9
Leslie Spencer, Victoria, B.C.
p. 8
Manotick Photo, p. 13
APRIL 1967
dates
April 27-29, 1967
Registered Nurses' Association
of Ontario,
Annual Meeting,
Royal York Hotel, Toronto.
April 25-27, 1967
The 58th Annual Meeting of the Canadian
Public Health Association,
to be held jointly with a meeting
of the Ontario Public Health Association,
Chateau Laurier, Ottowa.
Theme of the meeting:
"Community Health in Canada:
A Centennial Appraisal and Projection."
Details available from Dr. S.E. Acres,
General Secretory, Steering Committee,
Epidemiology Division,
Deportment of Notional Health
and Welfare, Ottowa.
April 28-29, 1967
The Royal Alexandra Hospital, School of
Nursing 20th reuniOn of the 1947
graduating closs Would members
of the 1947 graduating closs
please write to Mrs. Nora MacKay,
13374 - 140 St., Edmonton.
May 1-7, 1967
Mentol Health Week
May 4-6, 1967
St. Boniface Hospital School of Nursing,
25th Reunion of the 1942
groduating closs.
Would members of the 1942
graduating closs please write
to Miss F. E. Taylor,
10123-122 Street, Edmonton.
May 16-19, 1967
Alberto Association of Registered Nurses
Annual Meeting.
Chateau Lacombe,
Edmonton, Alberto.
May 19-21, 1967
60th Anniversary Reunion
of the Royal Inland Hospital School
of Nursing, Kamloops, B.C.
For further information write:
Mrs. Sylvia Lum, Suite "C",
248 Victoria St., Kamloops, B.C.
May 24-26, 1667
Saskotchewon Registered
Nurses' Association Annual Meeting,
Saskatoon.
May 29-31, 1967
Operating Room Nurses'
APRIL 1967
Fourth Ontario Conference,
The Inn on the Pork, Toronto Onto
Sponsored by the Operating Room Nurses
of Greater Toronto.
Direct inquiries to:
Mrs. Eleanor Conlin,
437 Glen Pork Ave., Apt. 309,
Toronto 19, Ontario.
May 31-June 2, 1967
Registered Nurses' Association of
Novo Scotia Annual Meeting,
Sydney, N.S.
May 31-June 2, 1967
Registered Nurses' Association of British
Columbia Annual Meeting,
Bayshore Inn, Vancouver, B.C.
May 31-June 2, 1967
New Brunswick Association of Registered
Nurses, Annual Meeting,
The Playhouse, Fredericton.
June 7, 1967
Manitoba Operating Room Study Group,
one-day symposium,
to be held in conjunction with the
Manitobo Hospital Association Conference
and the Western Hospital Institute
at the Royal Alexander Hotel,
Winnipeg, Manitoba.
Theme: What's New?
June 24, 1967
St. Joseph's Hospital School of Nursing,
Toronto, Centennial Reunion.
Any graduates who do not receive
alumnae newsletters,
please send nome and address to:
St. Joseph's Hospital School of
of Nursing Alumnae,
30 The Queensway,
Toronto 3, Ontario.
July, 1967
75th Anniversary,
Novo Scotia Hospital School of Nursing,
Dartmouth, N.S.
All interested graduates please contact
Mrs. G. Varheff,
20 Ellenvale Ave.,
Dartmouth, N.S.
October 19-21, 1967
First reunion of graduates of
the McGill School for Graduate Nurses,
Montreal.
For further information write Moyra Allen,
Acting President of
the Alumnae Association,
School for Graduate Nurses,
3618 University Street, Montreal 2, P.Q.
FOR PATIENT PROTECTION
...
POSEY HEEL PROTECTOR
(Polenl Pending)
Serves to prated the heel of the foot and
prevents irritation from rubbing. Constructed
of slick, pliable plastic, lined with artificial
lamb's wool. Can be washed or cutocfaved.
No. HP-63ALW. M $3.90 ea. - $7.80 pro
Without plastic shield $5.25
NO. 66
POSEY BELT
Potent Pending
This new
Posey 8 e I t
provides safe-
ty to a bed
patient yet
permit.s him
to turn from side to
side. Also allows sitting
up, if belt is slackened.
Made of strong, rein-
forced white cotton webbing; with flannel-
lined canvas reinforced insert. Strap passes
under bed after Q turn around spring rail to
anchor. Friction-type buckles. Buckl. is un-
der side of bed of patient's sight and
reach. Also available in Key.Lock model
which attaches to each side of bed. Small,
medium and large sizes. No. 66. $8.10. Key-
Lock Belt, No. K66, $13.95.
\
;d
'-
\
,
,
\
\
POSEY SAFETY BELT
Patented
Allows maximum freedom with safe re-
straint. An improvement over sideboards,
the Posey belt is designed to be under the
palient and oul of the way. Belt and bed
strap are of heavy white cotton webbing;
loop and pod of cotton flannel. Friction.type,
rust-resistant buckles. Small, Medium and
Lorge sizes. Safety Belt, No. 5-141, $6.75.
(Extra heavy construction with key. lock
buckles, No. P.453, $19.80)
POSEY PRODUCTS
Stocked in Canada
B. C. HOLLINGSHEAD LIMITED
64 Gerrard Street E.
Toronto 2, Canada
THE CANADIAN NURSE
23
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Modern Drainage Unit?
FOR USE ON BED Braided cord hanger
with metal hook attaches fast to any bed
frame.
OR BY AMBULATORY Cord also serves as
convenient carry handle for ambulatory
patient.
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No! In contrast, the Sterilon Closed
Bedside Drainage Collection Unit
is assembled and ready for use on any
catheterized ambulatory or bed
patient without special preparation.
Actually, when you think of time
saved as money saved, the Sterilon
BDB-9 costs less than the labor, time
and materials involved in an
old-fashioned drainage unit.
This means you don't have to autoclave
containers or buy other bothersome
accessories. There is no need to
worry about the container being
accidentally overturned. There's no
mess, no fuss with the Sterilon Drainage
Collection Unit, and it has an extra
strength polyethylene bag that is
graduated from 10 cc to 2000 cc.
It is also the only bedside drainage
unit in its price range that has a bottom
drain. It is Sterilon quality. This
means it comes packed sterile,
ready to use.
Another example of how Sterilon
doesn't let "disposability" interfere
with "quality."
As with all sterile disposable items, the packaging should always be checked. If the packaging is
damaged or the seal is broken, the product should not be considered sterile.
-
5'f'erllDnl STERILON CORPORATION f A SUBSIDIARY OF THE GILLETTE COMPANY
1505 Washmgton Street, Braintree, Massachusetts 02184
new products
{
Descriptions are based on information
supplied by the manufacturer and are
provided only as a service to readers.
Entrophen
(FROSST)
Description - Each "Polymer 37" coated
tablet contains acetylsalicylic acid 10 grs.
fhe "Polymer 37" coating prevents the
release of the medication in the stomach,
but allows disintegration in the upper
intestine where complete absorption takes
place. Thus, in the treatment of chronic
arthritides, an adequate serum salicylate
level can be maintained without gastric
intolerance.
Indications - Rheumatic disease, rheum-
atic fever, gastric intolerance to A.S.A.
Entrophen with codeine is available for
severe chronic arthritic pain.
Side-effect. - Tinnitus, nausea, vomit-
ing and diarrhea. Idiosyncrasy to acetyl-
salicylic acid is usually manifest as skin
rash. Anaphylaxis is uncommon.
Caution - Acetylsalicylic acid may
depress the plasma prothrombin concentra-
tion. Care should be exercised, therefore,
when Entrophen and anticoagulants are pre-
scribed concurrently. Large doses of sali-
cylates may have a hypoglycemic action.
This may affect the insulin requirements of
diabetics. Salicylates can produce changes
in thyroid function tests and slightly in-
crease the renal excretion of uric acid
(urincosuric action).
F or further information On dosage and
availability, write Charles E. Frosst & Co..
P.O. Box 247, Montreal, Quebec.
Unipen
(WYETH)
Description - Unipen nafcillin sodium
kills staph orally or by injection with high
concentrations in the tissues.
Do.age - Intravenous route: 500 mg.
every four hours. Intramuscular route: ad-
ministered by deep intragluteal injection,
500 mg. every six hours. For infants and
children the dosage must be reduced to 25
mg. per kg. once or twice daily. Oral route:
250 mg. to 500 mg. every four to six hours.
For infants and children, dosages should
be based on 25/50 mg. per kg. per day in
four divided doses.
In severe infections, both oral and parent-
eral dosage should be doubled. Orally,
Unipen should be given in the fasting state.
Precautions - Safety for use in preg-
nancy has not been established. Observe
care in intravenous use since thrombo-
phlebitis has been observed. As with other
penicillins, possible allergic reactions should
be considered.
Contraindication. - Do not use Unipen
APRIL 1967
in patients sensitive to penicillin. Unipen
is not indicated in minor or trivial infec-
tions. Its use should be accompanied by
appropriate bacteriologic studies.
Full information is available from John
Wyeth and Brother (Canada) Limited.
Windsor, Ontario.
,-- "'
-
Spil-Pruf
(RUSCH)
Description - A urinal for the bedfast
male patient. The Spil-Pruf Male Urinal is
guaranteed not to spill, not only when the
device is turned upside down, but also
when dropped or even thrown.
Made from acid-resistant, non-absorbent
polypropylene, the entire unit may be auto-
claved or chemically disinfected. It does
not retain odors and because it is practical-
ly noiseless it will not awaken sleeping
patients if it is dropped.
For further information write: Rusch of
Canada Limited, 25 Grenville Street, To-
ronto 5. Ontario.
Belt No. 66- T
(POSEY)
Description - A modified version of the
Posey Belt No. 66. As with the original,
the new model provides bed safety, with a
maximum of patient movement, and is
constructed of heavy, reinforced white cot-
ton webbing. with a flannel-lined canvas
reinforced insert. In use, the belt ties to
both sides of the bed for additional security.
Inquiries regarding this new belt should
be directed to your local hospital equip-
ment dealer, or to the J.T. Posey Company.
39 S. Santa Anita Avenue, Pasadena, Cali-
fornia 91107.
Booklets Available
The Canadian Cancer Society makes
available some books for nurses and per-
sons who will be providing care for cancer
patients in the home.
Cancer Manual for Public Health Nurses,
a 112-page paperback book, includes infor-
mation about cancer of selected sites, and
emphasizes the function of the public
health nurse in the cancer control pro-
gram and in the physical and psychological
care of the patient.
Essentials of Cancer Nursing is a 125-
page book prepared for student nurses. It
outlines the types and sites of cancer and
discusses the nature of the disease in detail.
Special nursing procedures are included.
This manual is especially valuable in aid-
ing the student to realize the psychological
and socioeconomic problems created by the
disease.
A book for graduate nurses, A Cancer
Source Book for Nurses, discusses the pro-
blem of cancer in more depth than the
student manual. It was prepared by the
American Cancer Society, and the agencies
mentioned are essentially American, but it
is an excellent aid.
A 42-page manual covering nursing pro-
cedures, A Cancer Guide for Practical
Nurses, would be useful to homemakers
caring for patients in the home, as well as
for practical nurses. The procedures are
clearly explained and the booklet is well-
illustrated.
Single copies of these booklets may be
obtained through your local Cancer Society,
or by writing directly to the Canadian
Cancer Society, 790 Bay Street, Toronto,
Ontario.
A brochure dealing with the facilities
and limits for flying patients on board air-
craft has been published by Swissair, the
national airline of Switzerland.
Called Patients Flying by Swissair, the
publication is available to doctors, nurses,
and others charged with caring for sick
or disabled persons. It lists the pre-flight
formalities and facilities available for
transporting patients to and from the air-
craft, special care during the flight, and the
airline's procedure in the event of deterior-
ation in the patient's condition during
flight.
Copies of the brochure are available
from Swissair's district offices throughout
North America or from its Public Rela-
tions Department, 608 Fifth Avenue, New
York City 10020.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 25
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26 THE CANADIAN NURSE
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I
When the
call is for IIStat. II
diagnostic findings
. . . you can rely on AMES tests for immediate
results in which you can have the utmost
confidence. For example:
lABSTIX * Reagent Strips: provide the broadest urine
screening possible from a single reagent strip test; you get
5 basic uro-analytical facts in 30 seconds-pH; protein;
glucose; ketones (acetone and acetoacetic acid), and occult
blood. The new firm, clear, plastic reagent strip permits
precise, reproducible readings in all 5 diagnostic areas.
DEXTROSTIX * Reagent Strips: provide a blood glucose
determination in just 60 seconds with only one drop of
capillary blood. DEXTROSTIX is invaluable in diabetic
screening and management, and in emergency situations
such as differential diagnosis of diabetic coma. This
"true-glucose" method is also useful in a variety of clinical
situations where rapid and accurate blood glucose
estimations are needed.
CliNITEST. Reagent Tablets-provide a quick, reliable,
quantitative estimate of urine sugar. Testing with
CLiNITEST has special significance for the hard-to-control
diabetic, the newly diagnosed patient, or in diabetes when
insulin, other medication or diet is being adjusted.
Reliable Reproducible Results
AM ES tests are easy to perform and require no elaborate
laboratory apparatus. They are designed to provide depend-
able clues to abnormal conditions. when rapid findings are
necessary. Reagents employed in each strip are precisely
controlled to provide uniformity in composition. Accurate,
reliable reproducible readings are thus assured. Ready inter-
pretation of results is permitted through the precise matching
of colour changes observed after testing, with colour charts
provided for each determination. AMES diagnostic aids save
time, money and space. Moreover they prove of material
assistance to physicians by helping to recognize patients
who need immediate care, further study, or more extensive
diagnostic procedures.
Ames Company of Canada, ltd.
Rexdale, Ontario.
(l!,'
AIVIES
>Registered Trademarks
C AM-03366
APRIL 1967
This is the year of the flaming lamp
on Parliament Hill - a flame that
symbolizes 100 years of achievement
since Confederation united a few col-
onies to make a country. To nurses,
this flame represents not only 100
years of Confederation, but also more
than 300 years of nursing service to
the people of this country.
The profession is, indeed, proud of
its past; but it is also deeply concerned
with its future. In a large measure,
future success will be determined by
the progress made in the basic areas
of the preparation, utilization, and
compensation of the practicing nurse.
It would be comforting indeed if we
could believe that the necessary
changes could take place at a leisurely
pace. to be cheerfully assessed by our
descendants at Canada's next centen-
nial. Such is not the case. A leisurely
pace cannot be maintained if the pro-
fession is to remain contemporary and
honor its objectives of service.
Nursing education is but one of
several fields giving ample evidence
of accelerated action and change. The
long-mooted question of whether the
entire system of nursing education
should be integrated into the general
education system is no longer pertinent.
The pertinent questions today are
when and how this will be done. The
answers are coming in fast, province
by province.
First to grasp the torch of the
modern nursing education principles
was Saskatchewan. In fact, and in
law in this province, all nursing edu-
cation is now a responsibility of the
Department of Education. Other pro-
vinces are following rapidly. Legislation
is now before the government of New
Brunswick to bring the education of
nurses and some other categories of
health workers into the educational
stream of that province; in Alberta,
two new programs of nursing education
are developing in junior colleges; in
Quebec, implementation of the Parent
Commission Report will assure not
only that all nursing education is with-
in the educational system, but that
nursing education will evolve similar
to that of all other professional and
APRIL 1967
vocational groups in the province.
Courageous plans are emerging in
Manitoba: "The report on the year-
long study. tabled in the provincial
legislature... recommends that student
nurses be excluded from hospi.al op-
erations in the province and that their
course of studies be cut to two years,"
a newspaper reports. In Prince Edward
Island, a plan to move nursing edu-
cation into the educational stream has
been formulated. Newfoundland is also
seriously studying the implications of
an educational system for nurses under
educational auspices, and British Co-
lumbia is developing plans for the
orderly movement of all nursing edu-
cation into the proper educational
setting. Nova Scotia, too, is looking at
ways and means of improving its
diploma programs in nursing edu-
cation.
Ontario. on the other hand, is im-
plementing a program that suports the
introduction of "regional" schools.
This move toward the establishment of
separate, single-purpose institutions
under the general jurisdiction of the
provincial department of health raises
many questions. Countries or regions
that have adopted such a pattern at-
test that it is less than second best.
Hopefully, this system eventually will
be introduced into the educational
stream as an integral part of the
province's newly-developing, post-high
school institutions. Nothing less will
match the march across Canada.
These changes, although rapid and
profound. will not come easily. Emo-
tions will get in the way. Can we
survive the torture of watching the
new nurse emerge better equipped for
today and tomorrow's health needs?
To hurdle the emotional obstacles.
submit to sincere self-examination,
sort out the false from the true tradi-
tions in nursing, and then add up the
pros and cons of the newly-emerging
systems of education, is to conclude
that it is our responsibility to stand
squarely behind the policies to which
we have subscribed.
But at this time, more than new
programs in the general educational
system are required - and more than
EDITORIAL I
tacit approval needed. Specifically,
nurses must give active support to both
the university schools and the new
diploma schools and so channel the
resources that at least 25 percent of the
active nurses population are graduated
from university schools of nursing.
Today, only about 6,000 of Canada's
120,000 registered nurses have gradu-
ated from university programs. The in-
crease in percentage of nurses graduat-
ing from basic baccalaureate programs
is almost imperceptible and a long,
long way from the 25 percent required
to achieve the level and type of nursing
care required for our people.
The adequate preparation of nurses
is important, but can be a self-defeat-
ing process if the time of the well-
prepared nurse is not adequately
employed. It is estimated that at least
100,000 nursing hours are wasted in
Canada every day
hrough poor utiliz-
ation of nurses' time. How long can we
afford this waste? In the face of it,
how can we claim there is a shortage
of nurses?
Some small improvement in better
utilization of nursing time has been
recorded across the country. Auto-
mation may herald the beginning of a
real breakthrough. Nurses themselves
are analyzing this problem and seek-
ing assistance in remedying it.
Yet there are breakthroughs in areas
other than education and practice. The
nurses across this country are justly
concerned about their economic status.
They are even comfortable in partici-
pating openly in negotiations to im-
prove their social and economic wel-
fare. Where a decade ago the negotia-
tion of salary was believed to be
incompatible with professionalism, it
has now become one of the Associa-
tion's major programs.
Nursing in this time of the health
revolution is demanding and exciting.
To keep apace we will need to consol-
idate our efforts to move ahead, en-
ergetically, in the preparation, utili-
zation, and compensation of the practi-
tioner.
- H.K.M.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 27
'ft'
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Nursing station at
Expo 67
Nurses visiting Expo 67 will want to find time to see their exhibit. An "intensive
observation station," equipped with the latest telemetering and recording
devices, television monitors and intercommunication equipment, will show how
modern angels of mercy "watch over" seriously-injured or dangerously-ill
patients.
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28 THE CANADIAN NURSE APRIL 1967
Today's nurse - helped by electron-
ic equipment - must combine "inten-
sive observation" as a part of her nur-
turing role in positive patient care.
The Intensive Observation Station in
the Man and His Health Pavilion at
Expo 67 is designed to interpret this
aspect of the nurse's role.
Taped recordings from real patients
will demonstrate changes in condition,
such as in severe burn cases, cardiac
arrest, hemorrhage, and postoperative
infection. These "happenings" will
show the public the nurse in action.
Meditheatre
The Man and His Health Pavilion
is divided into two parts. A central
core contains six stages where live
actors will perform medical demons-
trations. This Meditheatre is sur-
rounded by sloping ramps that will
permit 750 persons to circulate around
the stages during each performance.
Three large screens situated high over
the actors' heads (one visible from
any point on the surrounding walk)
will show details of the action or de-
pict aspects referred to in the actors'
conversation.
The dramatic presentation will show
two "doctors" making rounds. On one
stage they visit a nursery with a heal-
thy baby and a newborn suffering
from Rh incompatibility. As the "doc-
tors" talk, the screens will show recent
developments in intraperitoneal and
postnatal replacement transfusion that
enabled doctors to save the babe's life.
Other "visits" include a few mo-
ments watching open heart surgery; a
call at the physiotherapy department
where an amputee patient is learning
how to use new prosthetic limbs; a
discussion with a "patient" on the ar-
tificial kidney; and two more stops
showing similar modern developments
in medicine. The entire Meditheatre
performance will take 20 minutes.
Peripheral exhibit area
The peripheral area of the building
contains free-standing exhibit islands
and demonstration booths.
Exhibits planned for this area inclu-
de one showing the effects of LSD on
spiders; a transparent man and wo-
man; surgical instruments of yesterday
and today; an autoanalyzer and
computer laboratory equipment; a
pharmaceutical exhibition showing how
a new antibiotic is developed and re-
constructing Fleming's original dis-
covery of penicillin; and the nurses'
station.
Photographs, illuminated objects,
and other media, such as "people
screens" - curtains composed of
APRIL 1967
photographs of faces swinging gently
- are means of dividing off sections
in this area.
Staff for the Nurses' Station
The nurses' booth is one of the few
"manned" exhibits. Twenty-one gra-
duate nurses and 78 students from the
ten provinces and three participating
states (Maine, New York, and Ver-
mont) will rotate during the si
-month
period. Graduates will have a 30-day
tour of duty; students wiH work 17
days. The hospital or school that no-
minated them has granted the selected
nurses leave with pay, travel expenses,
and a small daily allowance.
The 21 graduates were selected
from 56 candidates; 116 students were
nominated for the 78 positions. A spe-
cial advisory committee made the se-
lection based on geographical repre-
sentation, experience, and language.
Miss Rita Lussier, nursing coordin-
ator for "Man and His Health," has
a planned rotation. One graduate and
two students will be on duty at all
times, working a 5-day, 28-hour week,
on duty four hours at a time. "Duty is
arranged so that each nurse wiH have
full opportunity to enjoy other features
of the Exhibition," explained Miss
Lussier. "Her service pass covers ad-
mission to the Expo grounds and to all
theme, national, and private pavilions."
The Canadian Nurses' Association,
White Sister Uniforms, and Siemens
Medical of Canada are co-sponsors and
are working closely with Expo officials
to relate the exhibit to the overall theme.
CNA is responsible for organiza-
tion and staffing; Siemens Medical of
Canada (with Siemens Reiniger Wer-
ke, A. G. of Germany) is furnishing all
graphic, electronic and other equip-
ment; and White Sister Uniforms, Inc.
is providing special uniforms and will
see to their servicing during the ex-
hibition.
Distinctive expo uniform
Graduate nurses wiJI wear a white
uniform designed especially for Expo
67, distinguished by their pins and
school caps. Student nurses will wear
the uniform of their school.
White Sister, who designed the uni-
form, will give three dresses to each
graduate working in the nurses' sta-
tion, and will send two uniforms to
each student as gifts upon graduation.
These select nurses will be the only
ones to wear the distinctive uniform,
as the pattern will not be for sale. A
committee selected the skimmer sil-
houette, believing it represented the
forward image of today's nurse. A
sculptured collar is held by the Expo
67 pin. Special features include three-
quarter sleeves that can be folded into
a short-sleeve style, and the comfor-
table "action-back."
Off duty
"All work and no play makes Jill
a dull nurse," says Mr. Norman Lupo-
vich, president of White Sister. So the
company is providing the nurses work-
ing at Expo with tickets to one of the
performances at Place des Arts.
Working nurses will be billetted at
nurses' residences in the city and will
have an excellent opportunity to get to
know their Montreal colleagues.
Working at Expo 67 will also be a
learning experience. Nurses wiJI be re-
quired to submit a resume on tomor-
row's equipment and care as they ex-
perienced it. 0
.1
\
THE CANADIAN NURSE 29
Tomorrow's nursing education
in Saskatchewan
Hospital schools of nursing in Sas-
katchewan, 11 in number, are on the
threshold of losing their identity -
something the majority have had for at
least 50 years. Legislation passed in
1966 has meant that present schools
will be dissolved and in their place re-
gional (central) schools of nursing
will be established by the Department
of Education. Prior to this legislation,
hospital schools of nursing were under
the administrative control of the De-
p
rtment of Public Health in this pro-
VInce.
It is hoped that the first regional
school will be established by Septem-
ber 1967. How many will be establish-
ed is an unknown factor. But in the
foreseeable future there will be two.
Another possible change, in the
distant future, is the termination of
educational programs preparing nursing
assistants and psychiatric nurses once
the two-year diploma nursing edu-
cation programs are well established in
the regional schools. Simultaneously.
special programs enabling registered
psychiatric nurses to complete require-
ments for registration into the Saskat-
chewan Registered Nurses' Association
would be organized.
Still another future change will be to
develop a four-year integrated bacca-
laureate program at the University of
Saskatchewan School of Nursing in
Saskatoon, and. as the need is indicat-
ed, the establishment of a second
baccalaureate program at the Univer-
sity of Saskatchewan in Regina. Per-
30 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Suddenly tomorrow's nursing education is here and we are in the awkward
position of functioning in yesterday's. How did it happen? Why did it happen?
What is tomorrow's education? Will it meet the nursing service needs of
our society?
Linda Long, B.N., M.N.
.
,,,
Miss Long is Advisor to Schools of Nur-
sing. Saskatchewan Registered Nurses' As-
sociation Regind. Saskatchewan.
haps once these have been developed,
the one-year university certificate pro-
grams in public health, teaching in
schools of nursing, administration, and
psychiatry could be discontinued. Also,
consideration then should be given to
the establishment of a post-baccalau-
reate degree program.
Why change?
Many nurses have graduated from
the above-mentioned programs and
have made a very significant contri-
bution to society and the profession of
nursing. The health world is better
because of them. Why, then, the transfer
to another department of government
and why the dissolution of hospital
schools of nursing?
The purpose of the Saskatchewan
Registered Nurses' Association is to
"ensure that a high quality of nursing
service will be available to the public."
This is its professional responsibility
and it was incorporated for this pur-
pose.
Over the past 50 years this Asso-
ciation has been the instigator of many
changes that have brought about im-
provement in nursing practice and in
the educational programs designed to
prepare future nurses. Tomorrow's
change in nursing education is another
instance of this Association's profes-
sional leadership in striving toward
better patient care.
This major change in nursing edu-
cation in Saskatchewan resulted from
a study on nursing education requested
by the SRNA and carried out by the
Department of Public Health. In 1965,
an Ad Hoc Committee was established
to carry out a complete study on nur-
sing education. A review of the past
is necessary to understand why.
A developing need for change
Historical data show that change
was necessary, and its arrival was not
so sudden. However, the implementa-
tion of some of the suggested changes
is occurring more rapidly than is prob-
APRIL 1967
ably desirable and comfortable.
Within a 20-year period, 1946-
1966, the SRNA submitted seven
briefs and one report to the Depart-
ment of Public Health for considera-
tion. These submissions expressed
concern about standards of nursing
pr .lctice, educational programs, pro-
blems in the nursing profession, and
the efforts being made to improve
them.
The Department of Public Health in
Saskatchewan over the years has con-
sidered and granted many of the Asso-
ciation's requests. It has supported
changes in the Requirements for Ap-
proval of Schools of Nursing and
Admission to the Saskatchewan Re-
gÏ!.tered Nurses' Association. Financial
support to nursing educational pro-
grams has steadily increased and the
department has made a significant con-
tribution to experimentation in diploma
nursing education. Total costs of the
Ad Hoc Committee on Nursing Edu-
cation in 1965 were assumed by this
provincial department.
Voices over the years have request-
ed change in nursing education pat-
terns. Criticisms are recorded in many
publications familiar to the nursing
population. Some that seem to have
affected the province most significant-
ly are: the Weir Report, 1932; The
Study of the First Three Years, 1957;
the Cost Study of Basic Nursing Edu-
cation in Saskatchewan, 1958; the Re-
port on the Status of Basic Nursing
Education in Saskatchewan, 1957;
Spotlight on Nursing Education, 1960;
A Path to Quality, 1964; Portrait of
Nursing, 1965; the Report of the
Royal Commission on Health Sèrvices,
1964; tht Report of "Project 65,"
1966; the Requirements for Approval
of Schools of Nursing and Admission
to the Saskatchewan Registered Nurses'
Association (5 revisions within 25
years - latest 1963).
And changes begin
The effects of these voices have
been seen in the closure of some
hospital schools of nursing and im-
provements in others. They have also
provided the necessary impetus for
other major administrative changes.
The 1963 revised Requirements for
Approval of Schools of Nursing and
Admission to the Saskatchewan Re-
gistered Nurses' Association support-
ed shortened nursing education pro-
grams provided they were educational-
ly controlled. They recognized the
need to establish hospital schools of
nursing on a sounder educational basis;
to attract and maintain students in
schools of nursing; and to consider the
changes in general education and the
health needs of our society. These
APRil 1967
"Requirements" were developed over
a five-year period and involved work-
shops, institutes, and meetings by facul-
ty members from each school of nur-
sing. Directors of schools of nursing
proposed a resolution for acceptance
and the "Requirements" were approv-
ed at the annual meetin5 of the Asso-
ciation in May, 1963.
The 1963 "Requirements" include:
independent organization and admini-
stration of a school of nursing; suf-
ficient number of qualified teaching
staff by a specified date; academic
grade X I [ (senior matriculation)
standing (university entrance) for ap-
plicants; organized guidance programs
to help students make educational,
personal and professional adjustments;
adequate facilities for effective admi-
nistration of the educational program;
a new curriculum (minimum 22
months plus two months holiday) de-
signed with consideration of the stu-
dent's educational background, in-
creased available medical knowledge,
educational status of patients, nursing
needs of society, and the basic prin-
ciples of learning for student, teacher
ann patient.
implementation presented problems.
Many of these were alleviated through
discussions with the Department of
Public Health, workshops and insti-
tutes with faculty in the schools of
nursing, and the services of an edu-
cational consultant. In addition, the
Association presented a Brief to the
Department of Public Health request-
ing further assistance. This Department
financially supported experimentation
with shortened programs in three
hospital schools cf nursing after their
proposed programs were approved by
the Saskatchewan Registered Nurses'
Association. They also approved addi-
tional faculty in other schools of
nursing.
Development of shortened programs
in other hospital schools of nursing
became the next logical step for a
number of reasons. First, recruitment
could be affected; students would like-
ly go to those schools offering shorten-
ed programs. Second, revision in curri-
cula of these other schools and the in-
creased control of the students' time
by the teachers coincided with many
of the Association's requirements for
shortened programs. Third, organiza-
tion and activity of faculty had improv-
ed and the number of qualified teachers
had increased. Fourth, in most in-
stances educational facilities had been
increased (although not to their fullest
need); library budgets had increased
rapidly; more use of community re-
sources for student clinical experience
was accepted; all students now could
receive psychiatric nursing experience.
Fifth, systems of record keeping im-
proved and better use of records ma-
terial was made by teaching staff.
Sixth, but not by any means least or
last, selection and evaluation methods
of applicants and nursing students also
improved.
Administrative problems arise
In view of all the above-mentioned
improvements, why not Jet all hospitals
develop shortened programs?
Administrative educational inde-
pendence in all hospital schools of
nursing is needed. The provincial an-
nual evaluation reports show that pro-
gress toward complete achievement of
the 1963 "requirements" is handi-
capped by hospital aØministrative con-
trol. Budgets for schools are within the
general budget for that particular
hospital. As the school of nursing con-
tinues to achieve more of the 1963
"Requirements." cost to the hospital
increases. This poses a question of
service versus education cost to the
hospital.
It further poses the question: Should
the Department of Public Health as-
sume this cost when its primary
function is the provision of health
services to the public? It seems logical
that the Department of Education
should assume the financial responsi-
bility as it does for other professional
education programs and because its
primary function is the provision of
educational opportunities for the
people of Saskatchewan. Transfer of
such a responsibility should provide
educational independence for schools
of nursing.
Another major administrative hand-
icap is that hospitals include the school
of nursing as a component of the
formally structured nursing service de-
partment, whose primary function, like
other hospital departments (x-ray, diet
kitchen, laundry, operating room), is
service to the patient. The nursing
service department is concerned about
utilizing the nurse to meet patient
needs. The school of nursing is con-
cerned about preparing the nurse to
meet patient needs. Although their ulti-
mate goal is the same - to meet
patient needs - the purpose for each
one's existence is different and re-
quires separate administration. They
require different nurse administrators
- one experienced and well prepared
in the field of nursing service, and the
other experienced and well prepared
in the field of nursing education, with
both having as their ultimate goal,
better patient care. To date, only four
hospital schools of nursing have a full-
time director responsible for the ad-
ministration of the school and not all
of these have authority to conduct the
THE CANADIAN NURSE 31
business of their respective schools.
Further needs
The provincial annual evaluation re-
ports of the schools of nursing also
show that although many of the 1963
"requirements" were achieved and
others are in the developmental pro-
cess, a vital question arises: What is
the most economical and effective way
for improvements to be made so that
the nursing needs of Saskatchewan can
be met? Saskatchewan appears to be
very short of nurses; our present
system does not seem to fulfill the
need. The Association has predicted
that by 1975 at least 3,000 more
nurses will be required to maintain the
current ratio of one nurse to 287
people in our province. Our greatest
resource pool for graduate nurses is
from the diploma nursing education
programs. The need for more nurses
prepared at the degree level is also rec-
ognized and the Association predicted
that by 1975 at least 1,000 more would
be required.
Hospital schools of nursing conduct-
ing the total educational program (four
in number) appear to have fewer dif-
ficulties in implementing their curricula
than those (seven in number) who
share administrative responsibility for
their programs with a Centralized
Teaching Program. All three shortened
programs (varying in length from two
to two-and-one-half years) and the
two-plus-one-year internship program
occur in schools not involved in the
Centralized Teaching Program. "Pro-
ject '65" (the study of the Centralized
Teaching Program and the seven par-
ticipating hospital schools of nursing)
appears to support one administration
for the total educational program,
amalgamation and centralization of the
schools under educational institutions.
Maximum utilization of clinical resour-
ces was emphasized. This study advo-
cated these institutions be affiliated in
some way with the University of Sas-
katchewan.
Other problems identified in "Pro-
ject '65" corroborated many of those
continually mentioned in the provincial
annual evaluation reports of the Saskat-
chewan schools of nursing. Many of
these problems were mentioned in the
Weir Report of 1932. The major ones
are:
I. Lack of prepared nurses - espe-
cially in senior nursing service posi-
tions - who possess skill in organiza-
tion, assessment of patient care and
ability to direct others in that care. This
lack affects the climate in which stu-
dents learn and patients receive care.
2. Lack of prepared and sufficient
numbers of teachers in schools of nur-
sing. In 1965, only 21 percent of the
32 THE CANADIAN NURSE
teachers in schools of nursing had a
bachelor degree and 43 percent had no
preparation beyond the basic three-
year diploma program. A basic prin-
ciple in education is that the prepara-
tion of a teacher should be beyond
that of her student. Another difficulty
is to attract and maintain full-time
prepdred teachers, especially to smaller
centers. Certainly more attractive per-
sonnel policies help, but freedom to
develop an educational program is
also a strong incentive.
3. Service expectations often take
priority to educational needs. It is only
fair that students in schools of nursing
attain the same status as any other
student attending post-secondary edu-
cational institutions. Their educational
needs must be considered so that they
achieve the desired aim.
4. Recruitment of the most suitable
students is more difficult for the
schools of nursing outside the major
cities of Regina and Saskatoon.
5. Reasons for student withdrawal
in schools of nursing were, in order
of frequency: dislike for nursing, dis-
satisfaction with the program, and
academic difficulty. Recognition must
be given to presenting an attractive
program and safeguarding its imple-
mentation.
6. Only a few organized guidance
and counseling programs for students
are found in the schools, although
some are in the process of develop-
ment. Guidance is given to students by
individual teachers but is limited be-
cause of teachers' work load and lack
of preparation in principles of guid-
ance.
7. Planned and active inservice
education programs are greatly needed
both for faculty in schools and nursing
service personnel in hospitals. Impro-
vement in quality of service results
when staff are better informed. Staff
are also more satisfied when their in-
terests are considered.
All these problems have contributed
to a crisis in the quality and quantity
of nurses required to meet future
nursing service needs and the rapidly
expanding health services. This crisis
led the SRNA to suggest the complete
study of the problem. The Depart-
ment of Public Health established the
Ad Hoc Committee on Nursing Edu-
cation, consulted with the SRNA re-
garding terms of reference, and ap-
pointed three nurses to this Committee
as opposed to only one representative
from each of the six other related
health and educational organizations.
Tomorrow's change
The Ad Hoc Committee on Nursing
Education surveyed hospital diploma
and the baccalaureate degree nursing
education programs in detail. The nur-
sing assistant program (there is only
one in Saskatchewan and it is con-
ducted by the Department of Educa-
tion) and the three psychiatric nursing
education programs (conducted by
Psychiatric Service, Department of
Public Health) were also considered,
but in less detail.
Cost of nursing education in hospi-
tals conducting schools of nursing was
analyzed and studies to assess nursing
activities were established. Replace-
ment of nursing student service to the
hospital was estimated and a survey of
the potential nursing force in Saskat-
chewan, current and projected five
years into the future, was done. The
SRNA conducted this latter survey and
is in the process of analyzing its data.
Assistance was given by Research
Division, Department of Public Health.
Many of the recommendations made
by the Ad Hoc Committee on Nursing
Education in July 1966 were a restate-
ment of those made by the SRNA in
the Brief submitted to the Committee.
Those of particular significance and
upon which action has been taken are:
1. Removal of diploma schools of
nursing from hospitals, whose primary
function is service to the patient, not
education.
2. Transfer of financial control of
these schools of nursing from the De-
partment of Public Health, whose pri-
mary function is health services, to the
Department of Education, whose pri-
mary function is education.
3. Regionalization (centralization)
of schools of nursing so that the best
use can be made of all resources
(teacher, student, clinical experience,
physical facilities and financial).
4. Development of shortened and
improved educational diploma nursing
programs with control over the nursing
student's required educational expe-
riences. Minimum standards for short-
ened programs were established by the
SRNA and approved by the Senate of
the University of Saskatchewan in 1963.
5. Development of a four-year inte-
grated baccalaureate program at the
University of Saskatchewan School of
Nursing.
6. Increased financial support to
students enrolling in any of the nursing
programs.
The Ad Hoc Committee on Nursing
Education further recommended that
the SRNA continue to retain control
of minimum standards for eligibility
into the profession and continue to
conduct licensing examinations. This
control is essential so that nursing
standards may be maintained and
nurses may be protected in their pro-
fessional practice.
An amendment to the Education Act
APRil 1967
provided for the transfer of diploma
nursing education programs from the
Department of Public Health to the
Department of Educatio
. Proclama-
tion of a new Act Respectmg the Edu-
cation for Nurses was given in March
1966. It established a Board of Nursing
Education to function in an advisory
capacity to the Minister of Education.
Of the 12 members on this Board, six
are nurses representing the SRNA. The
current chairman is the medical repre-
sentative from the College of Physi-
cians and Surgeons. This Board con-
cerns itself with diploma nursing edu-
cation and later will assume control of
that for ancillary nursing personnel. It
is anticipated that once the new system
of diploma nursing education is esta-
blished, attention will be given to the
educational programs for psychiatric
nurses and the nursing assistant.
The SRNA has recommended, that
when the new shortened programs in
diploma nursing education are est-
ablished: the nursing assistant pro-
gram be discontinued; the program
preparing psychiatric nurses be dis-
continued; and special programs
should be established to allow psy-
chiatric nurses to complete the re-
quirements for registration into the
SRNA.
Reasons for these recommendations
are detailed in the Association's Brief
to the Ad Hoc Committee on Nursing
Education in 1965.
Changes at the departmental level
As diploma nursing education is
post-secondary level, it presented dif-
ficulties to the Department of Educa-
tion as to where it would fit into the
Department's current structured divi-
sions. There did not appear to be a
division specific to post-secondary edu-
cation. However, a national educational
trend appears to be emphasizing the
need to develop post-secondary edu-
cation programs, thus providing for
the group of high school graduates who
may not wish to go on to university
but need further education for employ-
ment. Hopefully, community colleges
may be developed for this group. It is
understood that the Department of
Education in Saskatchewan is consider-
ing this educational movement which
would involve structure changes within
the department. However, until such
time as this change occurs, the Depart-
ment of Education has organized a nur-
sing division which is directly respons-
ible to the Deputy Minister of Edu-
cation_
The Department of Education ap-
pointed Sister Thérèse Castonguay as
the Superintendent of Nursing Educa-
tion of the nursing division. She is re-
sponsible for development of diploma
APRil 1967
nursing education in Saskatchewan.
This means establishment of the re-
gional (central) schools of nursing and
phasing out of the current hospital
schools of nursing. This is a major
task, requiring a great deal of organiza-
tion and careful implementation of the
planned changes.
Plans are in progress for the esta-
blishment of the first regional (central)
school of nursing by September 1967.
It will be located in Saskatooh at the
Institute of Applied Arts and Sciences
(formerly known as Saskatchewan
Technical Institute) which is partially
post-secondary education. When this
school of nursing is established, it is
expected that the Centralized Teaching
Program (presently located in Saska-
toon) will close and the seven parti-
cipating hospital schools of nursing
will stop enrolling students. These
seven schools will complete the pro-
grams for students currently enrolled in
their respective schools, however. Four
of these seven schools of nursing are
not located in Saskatoon, and their
distance from this city varies from
75 to 200 miles.
Once the regional (central) school
of nursing is established in Saskatoon,
plans will then proceed for the develop-
ment of another in Regina. This invol-
ves four hospital schools of nursing, of
which two schools are located in a
smaller city 40 miles away.
When community colleges develop
post-secondary education programs in
Saskatchewan, it is hoped Regina will
be given first consideration and that
our second regional (central) school
will be established within such a
college. The Association has stated
that "future diploma programs should
be established in institutions conduct-
ing post-high school programs which
have a emphasis on higher education,"
and that their curricula "should be
composed of a balance between general
education and nursing courses."
Three standing committees have
been established by the Board of
Nursing Education, with a member of
the Board as chairman of each. These
committees - on building, curriculum,
and standards - have already held
meetings. Blueprints for the space allo-
cated to nursing in the Institute of
Applied Arts and Sciences in Saskatoon
are completed. The curriculum plan is
being developed and standards for the
regional ( central) school are being
established.
Planning for further change
The current Requirements for Ap-
proval of Schools of Nursing and Ad-
mission to the Saskatchewan Re-
gistered Nurses' Association are being
used as the base line upon which to
build a curriculum and define standards
for the new schools.
Policies for nursing students in the
regional (central) schools of nursing
should provide for a greater degree of
freedom and responsibility for the stu-
dent and his or her learning. Locating
these schools of nursing in institutes of
higher education should attract stu-
dents from a larger resource pool -
married women, men, and students
who normally may not have chosen
nursing.
Recruitment and selection methods
need to be further developed, as do
counseling programs in high schools,
regional (central) schools, and bacca-
laureate nursing education programs.
Provincially and institutionally, con-
tinuing education programs will need to
be established. Workshops, institutes,
and inservice education must be plan-
ned. Provision for extension courses
will need to be made by the University
of Saskatchewan. These needs have
always been present but are greater
with the graduates from the new short-
ened diploma and the integrated bacca-
laureate programs.
Will it meet the needsl
Will the changes meet the nursing
service needs of the community? The
answer: They must. Nurses must see
that they do.
The reason for such a major change
in nursing education was to bring both
quality and quantity of nursing care
into line with needs. The opportunity
is now present to develop nursing
education programs that could prepare
the nurse of tomorrow to meet society's
changing health needs. Nursing service
needs of society must always serve as
guides in development of nursing edu-
cation programs.
Nurses must continually keep a hand
on the "pulse" of the community's
needs and govern the development of
programs accordingly. We must keep
informed and aware of the students'
educational needs and desire to nurse.
We must continue research into the
quantity and quality of nursing care
required by patients with different med-
ical and dependency needs. Last, but
most important, we must be ever mind-
ful of the patients whom we serve. We
must listen carefully to what they are
saying and guide our service accord-
ingly. This is our professional obliga-
tion. We must see that the individual
needs of patients are met.
Changes in nursing education must
meet the individual patient's needs or
we have failed as a profession. 0
Bibliography available on request from
Editor, The Canadian Nurse.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 33
The mother of a six-month old
baby disappeared from her home. Two
days later she was found in a small
cave outside the City of Jerusalem,
dead from an overdose of barbiturates.
This woman had been hospitalized
in a psychiatric ward for a short pe-
riod after the birth of her child because
of depression. Later, she was put un-
der the care of a psychiatric outpatient
clinic. The family requested that the
hospitalization be held confidential,
and so no information was communi-
cated to the maternal and child health
station. Although the mother came to
the center from time to time, the baby
was usually brought by the husband or
grandmother, who shied away from
inquiries about the young mother.
Considerable soul-searching by both
the psychiatric staff and the health
center personnel followed the tragedy.
Should the family's wish for secrecy
have been granted? Should it have
taken precedence over the patient's
need for intensive follow-up care?
There was no definite answer for this
particular case. It was clear. however,
that better communication and coordi-
nation between the hospitals and other
health agencies in the city were needed.
A second incident further strength-
ened this belief. A new immigrant who
lived in a small village about 15 miles
from Jerusalem gave birth to a low-
weight baby. On this woman's fourth
postpartum day her father-in-law died.
She decided that she had to return
home to look after her relatives dur-
34 THE CANADIAN NURSE
From communication
to coord i nation
When a young, depressed woman committed suicide shortly after her baby's
birth, nurses at several health agencies in Jerusalem decided to take
action to prevent further tragedies.
Rebecca Bergman, R.N., Ed.D.
ing the seven-day mourning period.
Against medical advice, she signed her-
self and the baby out of hospital and
returned home.
The notice that was sent to the dis-
trict health office about this mother
reached the appropriate nurse two days
later. Fortunately, the nurse was in
the village - one of three which she
services - on the day the mother and
baby returned home. When neighbors
told her of their return, she went to
the home immediately and found the
baby, blue and cold, lying in a room
full of people. She at once wrapped
the baby in cotton, moved it into a
warm, isolated corner, and called the
doctor. Early nursing intervention pro-
bably saved this baby's life.
Directors meet
Several of the public health nurses
decided to look for ways to prevent
such incidents. They invited the direc-
tors of nursing of the major health
agencies that service Jerusalem to a
meeting. Agencies represented were
the district health office. which pro-
vides service in the Jerusalem villages;
the municipal health service, which
offers maternal. child and school
health services in the city; a voluntary
public health agency, which provides
comprehensive care for one section of
Jerusalem; three major hospitals,
Dr. Bergman is with the Department of
Social Medicine, Hebrew University-Had as-
sah Medical School, Jerllsalem, Israel.
which are all voluntary; the district
mental health office; and a health in-
surance agency that provides curative
care in outpatient clinics to residents
of the city and district.
The response was immediate and
positive. Several of the agencies al-
ready had informal contacts with other
services; even so, they believed it was
important to build up regular channels
of communication with all groups.
The immediate goals were to exa-
mine the existing system of inter-
agency nursing referral, and to set up
the mechanism of communication to
provide continuity of nursing care for
patients as they moved between public
health. outpatient clinic, and hospital.
Agency nurses meet weekly
A team of four nurses, one from
each of the three public health agen-
cies and the health insurance agency,
arranged to meet weekly in the pe-
diatric ward of each of the three hos-
pitals. Here they are joined by the
head nurses of the pediatric and obstet-
ric services, the hospital social worker,
and a pediatrician assigned by the
head of the department. Head nurses
or physicians of any service can join
the meeting if they wish to refer a
patient for follow-up care. The mental
health nursing coordinator for Jeru-
salem also attends these meetings when
she wishes to communicate with any
of the agencies.
Histories of new patients, patients
ready to be discharged from hospital.
APRil 1%7
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and patients who have special needs
are reviewed. The field nurses bring
information about patients' families
and environments when requested or
if they believe such information would
be helpful. They take notes about each
patient's home-care needs, and for-
ward this information to the family
nurse on the same or next day. Feed-
back on discharged patients is also
reported to the hospital.
Many problems discussed at these
weekly, two-hour meetings are refer-
red to the nursing director group,
whioh meets every two months.
Staff education
Many of the hospital nurses had
never worked in a clinic or public
health setting, and some public health
nurses had not been employed in hos-
pital for many years. Over a period of
several months, a two-day rotation of
key nurses was carried out to enable
them to see what their colleagues were
doing in the other services. This
brought them up-to-date on relevant
practices and strengthened personal
ties for future cooperation.
The committee members found that
they were not sufficiently familiar with
community resources. To remedy this,
small subcommittees visited and
brought back reports on facilities for
retarded children, rheumatic fever clin-
ics, nursing homes for the aged, etc.
These reports were later shared with
the staff in each agency.
APRil 1967
.,.
...ç;
-
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.."
. ..
'.oIt
Problems to be solved
Several problems required imme-
diate attention. Birth notices from the
hospitals were sent to the district
health office and from there to the
public health services. The time gap
varied from several days to weeks. At
our first meeting, the public health
nurses emphasized the importance of
receiving early notification of birth so
they could prepare for the return of
mother and baby. The hospital direc-
tors of nursing and the supervisor
from the district health office explained
this need to the clerical staff. Now.
notice is received by the public health
nurse within a few days of the baby's
birth.
A second problem involved the im-
portance of communicating relevant
information about the patient in time
for appropriate action to be taken.
Several sessions of the in service and
administrative meetings in each agen-
cy centered around this problem. In
addition, various resources and chan-
nels for continuity of care were out-
lined for staff.
Although the three public health
services offered care to motJhers and
children, work with other patients fre-
quently was limited, depending on the
policy of each agency. As change in
policy was beyond the competence of
the nursing committee, it was decided
to begin the new program primarily
with mothers and children. while
gathering data that could be used
when presenting a plan for expanded
-..",
Hadassah - Hebrew University
Medical Center in Jerusalem. The
village of En Kerem is in foreground.
services to the boards of the agencies.
Different practices in child care
were being taught in the agencies, often
to the confusion of mother and nurse.
For example, one hospital left the de-
cision of breast-feeding up to the mo-
ther; the health center nurses, to whom
these mothers were referred for super-
vision. encouraged mothers to breast-
feed their babies, according to the pol-
icy of their agency. A combined meet-
ing of nurses and doctors from the
hospital and public health service was
set up, and the rationale of each
method explained. On some points
agreement was reached; on others, the
agency's policy was clarified and taken
into consideration when planning for
continued care.
Since Jerusalem hospitals admit
emergency cases by rotation on set
days, a patient might be referred to
a different hospital for each admis-
sion. This was particularly true with
children of immigrant families who
,had frequent hospitalizations, usually
on an emergency basis. The disad-
vantages were obvious. The nursing
committee asked the inter-hospital
committee to consider readmission of
children to the same hospital regard-
less of the admission day, unless other-
wise requested by the family. This
was arranged and is now in force.
One of the public health agencies
had the impression that the number
of umbilical infections of the newborn
was increasing. The nursing director
brought this information to the meet-
THE CANADIAN NURSE 35
-----
..
\
-
iog, and it was decided to record all
such infections in hospitals and homes.
Soon the problem was traced to the
nursery of one hospital. The tech-
nique there was revised and the in-
fections disappeared.
The hospital nurses reported to the
committee that the large number of
visitors to the maternity wards exhaust-
ed the mothers and interfered with
care. They requested that public health
nurses ask the pregnant women to
arrange for fewer visitors. The public
health nurses believed it would be bet-
ter to extend the visiting hours, and
use a special room for visits. The com-
mittee decided to conduct a sample
survey of pregnant women, mothers
in the obstetrical ward, and hospital
and public health staff to obtain opin-
ions and suggestions before recom-
mending guidelines. This survey is
presently being carried out.
Another area still being reviewed in-
volves the roles of the nurse and so-
cial worker. Leading social workers
were invited to join the committee for
a session in which work problems were
discussed and literature on the sub-
ject reviewed. The next step will be
to hold a meeting with senior repre-
sentatives of nursing and social work
education to see what is being taught
about the other discipline, and to what
degree the schools can contribute to
the clarification of roles and promote
better cooperation.
The committee is now pressing for
the expansion of after-care services
36 THE CANADIAN NURSE
,
.
.
,
Baby being weighed at the Hadassah
Family and Community Health Center,
Kiryat Hayovel, Jerusalem.
t-
'-
--
....,
,
/
...
The public health nurse receives early
notification of a birth so that she can
prepare for the mother and baby's
return to the community.
,
I 'I
r
"
(
for all patients who require it. Two of
the public health agencies have broad-
ened their eligibility criteria. The health
insurance agency is considering an in-
crease in the number of nurses who
will provide treatment for home-bound
patients. Voluntary groups, such as
the homemaker service and the cancer
association, are being involved in-
creasingly in the care of patients who
have been referred by nurses.
of
Summary
Much ground has been covered in
the two and one-half years since the
first meeting. The two major accom-
plishments probably are the channels
that have been opened for coordina-
tion through communication, and the
readiness to study any problem area in
which nurses can contribute to better
patient care. 0
APRIL 1967
It is already becoming increasingly
difficult to know which of many drugs
should be chosen for a particular pa-
tient suffering from incurable cancer.
As yet there is no proven method to
determine the sensitivity of tumors in
the same manner that bacteriological
sensitivity can be established against
antibiotics. Recent studies\,2 suggest,
however, that the prognosis of a given
cancer can be established accurately
by biochemical analysis of the cell's
potential for spread and tissue des-
truction, and that biochemical cell
weaknesses can be discovered and ex-
ploited by means of available drugs.
The family of anti-cancer agents
includes artificially-produced substan-
ces as well as natural products obtain-
ed from animals (antibiotics) Or plants
(botanicals). Each type of cancer tends
to follow a pattern of sensitivity, so
that educated guesses can be made as
to the most suitable compound that
should be tried. The difficulty arises
when a patient does not respond to
the "most-likely" compound and a
change must be made. Since all these
substances are highly toxic, not only
to tumor tissues but to normal cells
of the body, it may be necessary to
wait a few weeks before embarking
on a second course using another drug.
In general, those cells in the body
that divide most rapidly are those most
affected by any substance that is toxic.
Since the lining cells of the stomach,
small bowel, and large bowel have a
high turnover rate, they therefore are
APRil 1967
Current status of
cancer chemotherapy
Although still a young field with more problems than answers. cancer
chemotherapy holds much promise for the future.
I.W.D. Henderson, M.D.
-
rapidly killed by a wide variety of
drugs that are capable of killing ma-
lignant c.ells. For this reason toxicity
of the gastrointestinal tract is fre-
quently encountered during chemothe-
rapy. In like manner, the bone mar-
row is one of the most active tissues
in the body; patients receiving cancer
chemotherapeutic agents must have
frequent estimations of hemoglobin,
white blood cells, and platelets.
Clinically, the usual side-effects of
the compounds are nausea, anorexia,
diarrhea and abdominal cramping pain.
Stomatitis can be a problem as the
cells in the mouth also metabolize
rapidly. The hematological depressions
caused by drugs produce anemia with
its usual side-effects of fatigue, lethar-
gy, insomnia, shortness of breath, and
muscle weakness. A low white cell
count often leads to superimposed in-
fection of one type or another, and a
drop in platelets (thrombocytopenia)
is the basic cause of bleeding in the
gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, or
internal organs.
Perhaps it is the incidence of side-
effects such as these that make many
physicians hesitant to use the com-
pounds in very sick persons. Never-
theless, a large number of patients can
be helped with minimum side-effects
if the drugs are administered carefully
and expertly with proper monitoring of
blood counts.
,
I
I
II
"
Dr. Henderson is Cancer Chemotherapist
at The Montreal General Hospital.
Pharmacology
For classification, anti-cancer drugs
THE CANADIAN NURSE 37
are separated into alkylating agents,
anti metabolites, antibiotics, botanicals
and hormones. In addition, there are
a number of compounds that are dif-
ficult to classify for their mode of ac-
tion is not yet entirely known - des-
pite the fact that they are claimed to
be effective in certain types of malig-
nant disease. (Table J).
A lkylating Agents
Alkylating agents form a large fam-
ily of drugs, including nitrogen mus-
tard. phenylalanine mustard (Alker-
an), phenylbutyric mustard (Chloram-
bucil or Leukeran), cyclophosphamide
(Procyotx), and triethylene thiopho-
sphoramide (Thio-Tepa).
In general, all alyklating agents do
the same thing when brought into
contact with living cells. Within each
cell is a nucleus containing the genetic
material called chromosomes, half of
which are derived from the female
parent, and half from the male. These
structures are formed of nucleic acids,
and contain a high concentration of
free electrons. It has been demonstrat-
ed that alkylating agents, which are
short of electrons, are attracted to the
heart of these chromosomes where
they react strongly, causing "cross-
linking," or, stated simply, a "gluing
together" of the strands.
During cell division, half the chro-
mosomes go to one daughter cell and
half to the other. If the chromosomes
are glued together, this cannot take
place; consequently, the cells become
sterile and die of "old age."
Alkylating agents have the same
effect on chromosomes and nucleic
acids as ionizing radiation. For this
reason, their effect sometimes is des-
cribed as radiomimetic.
Some of the alkylating agents, such
as nitrogen mustard, must be given
intravenously; others, such as Chlor-
ambucil and cyclophosphamide, are
available as tablets. The drugs as a
class are most useful in the treatment
of malignant lymphomas. This overall
term includes many distinct diseases,
such as Hodgkin's disease, lympho-
sarcoma, reticulum cell sarcoma, and
giant follicular lymphoma. When re-
missions of these diseases occur, the
picture can be startling and dramatic.
A neckfull of large, swollen lymph
glands may appear normal within a
very few weeks. Likewise, large epi-
gastric masses may disappear in a very
short time and not require further
treatment for many months or even
years. Linked to the lymphomas is
chronic lymphatic leukemia; here,
again, the alkylating agents are very
effective.
Many true cancers, such as carCl-
38 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Classification of Anti-cancer Drugs
I) Alkylating Agents:
Primary target. Nucleic acids of cell nuclei
2) Antimetabolites:
Interfere with manufacture of essential ground substances and en-
zymes within cells.
3) Certain Antibiotics:
4) Botanicals:
Complicated substances from plants.
5) Hormones:
Male type; female type; adrenal type.
6) Miscellaneous:
Synthetically produced for a specific toxic action. Some are alkylating,
some antimetabolic, some have unknown mode of action.
TABLE 1
noma of the breast and carcinoma of
the ovary, also respond to alkylating
agents. Other malignant diseases, in-
cluding carcinoma of the bronchus
and carcinoma of the kidney, respond
poorly to these agents. Even here, how-
ever, the occasional patient does ex-
tremely well.
A mimetabolites
Antimetabolites are much more
complicated in action since they in-
terfere with the manufacture of com-
plicated chemical compounds within
the body. In any cell simple substances
are combined in multiple stages to
form complex molecules of protein
and nucleic acids. Malignant cells
have, in general, a higher growth rate
than normal cells. They form a "tu-
mor," and have voracious appetites
for a number of simple chemical sub-
stances that eventually are incorpo-
rated as complex molecules into their
cell substances.
Many drugs interfere with the en-
zymes that carry out biosynthetic as-
sembly lines. Antivitamins and anti-
proteins are examples. So far the most
useful compounds in this series have
been anti-purines and anti-pyrimi-
dines. This merely means that they
block the synthesis or manufacture of
nucleic acids, the basic ground sub-
stance of cell nuclei and especially
chromosomes. Perhaps the best known
in this group is the drug ame1Jbopterine
(Methotrexate) which prevents the
conversion of folic acid into the active
compound tetrahydrofolic acid, which
is necessary in the manufacture of
purines.
Methotrexate is most useful in the
highly malignant disease of women
called choriocarcinoma. This disease
also occurs in men, where it arises in
the testes, but for some unknown rea-
son does not respond to Methotrexate.
In women, where the tumor arises in
the products of conception, notably
the placenta or a hydatidiform mole,
it rapidly grows and spreads through-
out the body to lungs, brain, and many
other organs. For these patients, Meth-
otrexate can be lifesaving. The drug
is administered in 5 to 10 day courses
with intervals of 6 weeks between
each course. It can be given intra-
venously or by mouth with a minimum
of side-effects. The results are some-
times dramatic in that patients sud-
denly get well, and the chest x-ray
that previously demonstrated large
masses of tumor growing throughout
the lungs quickly reverts to normal
within a few weeks.
It is said that 85 percent of pa-
tients with choriocarcinoma will res-
pond to this drug, although only about
one-half of that number will have long-
term remissions or cures. There are
now many examples of patients who
have had further children without any
evidence of tumor recurrence.
Antibiotics
Many antibiotics not only kill vi-
ruses and bacteria but also affect malig-
APRil 1967
Uses of Chemotherapy
I Adjunctive to Surger)
a. For circulating cancer cells
b. For washouts
c. For effusions
II Adjunctive to Radiotherap
.
Possible radiopotentiation
III S-,'stemic ChemotherapJ
a. Leukemias
b. Lymphomas tdecreasing
c. Carcinomas y usefulness
d. Sarcomas
IV Regional Chemotherap
a. Perfusions
b. Intra-arterial infusions.
TABLE 2
nant tissue. The best known is act-
inomycin. which was discovered by
Waksman of Rutgers University while
he was looking for the anti-tubercu-
lous drug streptomycin. When he dis-
covered streptomycin, he forgot about
actinomycin, which seemed far too tox-
ic for use. After his retirement, how-
ever, he carried out further work on
the possibility that this drug, which
was so toxic to bone marrow, might
be a useful compound in treating ma-
lignant diseases. So indeed it proved.
Actinomycin also has become a use-
ful compound in basic scientific re-
search in genetics. The reason for
this is its tendency to combine with
nucleic acids of the cell in such a way
that the messages from the nucleus
cannot be transmitted to the cytoplasm.
This results in a breakdown of "inter-
nal" communication and a lack of syn-
thesis of cellular substances. It is lar-
gely because actinomycin became
available to science that the so-called
genetic code and the dynamics of syn-
thesis within cells have been elucidat-
ed within the last year or two.
In cancer, actinomycin is most use-
ful in a variety of childhood malignan-
cies and ,has been used alone or in com-
bination with radiotherapy in sarco-
mas in adults. Sometimes the drug
is used in combination with an alky-
lating agent and an antimetabolite
(triple therapy) as is the case in tera-
tocarcinomas of the testes in adult
males.
Botanicals
Many substances found in plants
have proven effective in destroying
malignant cells. One well-known exam-
ple is the periwinkle flower. This
small, blue, wild flower, which grows
in the Eastern part of North America
APRIL 1967
and in the Caribbean, has been used
by herbalists among the primitive peo-
ples of North America for many hun-
dreds of years. In the folklore of the
North American Indian, periwinkle
tea was used for "wasting diseases."
It is not known what this really meant.
Since it could refer to cancer, tuber-
culosis, or possibly diabetes, the sub-
stance has been studied in great detail
both in Canada and the United States.
Initially it was found that the her-
bal preparations contained a wide va-
riety of complicated substances known
as alkaloids. It took many years to
separate these. None has been found
to affect tuberculosis and only one
of seven alkaloids has any effect on
blood sugar levels. They are all use-
ful, however, in a variety of malignant
diseases.
On the market at the present time
are vinblastine (Velbe) and vincris-
tine (Oncovin). Vinblastine is most
useful in the lymphoma group, espe-
cially if they have become resistant
to the alkylating agents. It has also
been effective in many other forms of
cancer although at a lower degree of
efficiency. Vincristine can also be
used in lymphomas. In combination
with steroids, it has made a tremen-
dous difference in the treatment of
acute leukemia in both childhood and
adult life. Over 90 percent of chil-
dren with acute leukemia can be
brought into remission for varying
lengths of time with this combination.
In addition, vincristine has been used
with a fair degree of success in malig-
nant brain tumors. A third alkaloid,
vinglycine is now under clinical trial
in the United States.
Hormones
Hormones are of many vanetles:
female-type, male-type, adrenal or
corticosteroids, and, of course, other
hormones related to the function of
the pituitary gland, the thyroid gland
and other endocrine organs such as
the thymus. In cancer, female hor-
mones are most useful in carcinoma of
(he prostate where it is possible to
control the disease for many years.
They are sometimes very effective in
older women with inoperable or incur-
able carcinoma of the breast.
Male hormones are used as a treat-
ment of carcinoma of the female breast
in younger women. A surprisingly high
number of patients with clear cell
carcinoma of the kidney may have
tumor regressions over long periods
when extra male hormone are given.
There are now male hormones or an-
drogens that do not have the virilizing
side-effects of hirsutism, voice change,
enlargement of the clitoris, and a chan-
ge in body hair distribution. This is a
real advance, for physicians used to
hesitate to use male hormone in young
women with breast cancer because of
these undesirable symptoms.
The corticosteroids are used in a
wide variety of malignant diseases, in-
cluding leukemias, lymphomas, carci-
nomas of the breast, and often as an
adjunct to other forms of chemothe-
rapy or radiation, especially if there
is any degree of peri-tumoral edema.
Prednisone is a prime example of this
family of compounds and is probably
the most widely used of the group.
Clinical uses
It is difficult to be dogmatic at this
time regarding the clinical situations
where cancer chemotherapy is indi-
cated. Table II classifies the possible
areas where drugs could or should be
considered.
Surgery, of course, is the first lil}e
of attack against any malignant di-
seases, other than those that effect the
general lymph gland structure of the
body and leukemia. Nevertheless, it
is recognized that a large number of
cancers have metastasized even before
symptoms have been produced and the
patient reaches a doctor. Because of
this the best of surgery may result in
incomplete cure. In general, this is
the fate today of two-thirds of pa-
tients with cancer. These patients will
return after varying time intervals with
metastases in bones, liver, lungs, brain,
skin, and sometimes throughout the
entire body.
Radiotherapy, like surgery, is a lo-
cal treatment; it is incapable of irra-
dicating disseminated disease. It still
is useful, however, in advanced cancer
to decrease the growth of bone metas-
tases that are causing pain and that
may go on to pathological fracture.
To find out if suitable drugs give!1
immediately postoperatively will de-
crease the incidence of late metastases,
the Chemotherapy National Service
Center of Washington, D.C. is carry-
ing out an enormous study, which in-
cludes most large hospitals in the
North American Continent. Although
the study is ongoing, it already shows
that there is a significant improvement
in some cancers when specific drugs
are added. An example is in carcinoma
of the breast. The use of drugs in this
way is usually refered to as adjuvant
chemotherapy.
In the treatment of malignant ef-
fusions, either drugs or the radioiso-
topes of gold or phosphorus may be
employed. If the effusion is in the peri-
cardial sac, the results are extremely
good. Approximately three-quarters of
malignant effusions affecting the pleu-
THE CANADIAN NURSE 31J
ral cavity can be controlled if
he
fluid is first withdrawn and a suitable
drug instilled. The treatment of malig-
nant ascites is less successful, possibly
because it is extremely difficult to dry
out completely the abdominal cavity.
Drugs or radioisotopes are thus diluted
to the point of being less effective.
Nevertheless, about half of the pa-
tients with malignant ascites may re-
ceive worthwhile palliation.
The other adjuvant study t:hat is un-
der heavy scrutiny at present invol-
ves the use of chemical agents to kill
cancer cells that may be spilled into
the pleural or peritoneal cavity, or
into a wound through which a cancer
has been excised. There is some doubt
at present whether one can do more
harm than good by instilling a toxic
substance that affects the cells respon-
sible for wound healing or those con-
cerned with resistance of the wound
dgainst infection. Certain types of can-
cer cells are quite resistant to chemical
agents unless these are used in unduly
high concentrations, which, unfortu-
nately, may create areas of chronic
inflammation and, later, adhesions.
At The Montreal General Hospital,
the practice is to use nitrogen mustard
at the concentration of 2 mg. <yo with-
in the abdominal cavity or the pelvis
if the operating surgeon feels that
there has been a possibility of disse-
mination of cancer cells. Perhaps the
most likely situation occurs in gyne-
cological practice where large cystic
adenocarcinomas of the ovary are some-
times broken during the maneuver
to remove them from the pelvis. Nitro-
gen mustard works quickly and
causes a minimum of late adhesions.
The antibiotic actinomycin also can
be used as an adjunct to radiotherapy.
This substance has the remarkable
property of potentiating the effect of
ionizing radiation on cells. Sometimes
this is desirable and sometimes it is
not. Certainly a more severe skin
reaction occurs if actinomycin is given
while radiotherapy is being adminis-
tered. Nevertheless, in resistant tumors
it is sometimes very worthwhile to
make ionizing radiation more effective
as a tumor-killing ray. This is true in
the highly malignant Wilms' tumor of
childhood. Another instance includes
fibrosarcomas, melanomas, and carci-
nomas of t:he maxillary sinus.
Although actinomycin is not the
only compound that is capable of
changing the radiosensitivity of cell.s,
too little work has yet been done 10
the field to be able to define exactly
which drugs should be combined rou-
tinely with radiotherapy.
Drugs are often given to patients
who are beyond help from radiother-
40 THE CANADIAN NURSE
apy or surgery. Within the field of
the malignant lymphomas, drugs are
combined with radiotherapy in well-
defined and agreed patterns that de-
pend on the actual extent of the di-
sease. In disseminated carcinomas and
sarcomas, approximately 25 to 30 per-
cent of patients will receive remis-
sions of varying duration using the
drugs presently available. One is often
surprised with the good results that
can be obtained. 3
As long as the drugs that we have
in our armamentarium are toxic to
the bone marrow and to the gastroin-
testinal tract, attempts to localize them
to a given area of the body that con-
tains a malignant growth seem worth-
while. This can be done by perfusion
where vascular isolation is accomplish-
ed by the surgeon and a second cir-
culation set up to take over a given
area of the body. For this purpose a
small heart-lung machine is necessary
and into this is injected a high concen-
tration of a suitable anti-cancer com-
pound. In general only the alkylating
agents and antibiotics are used for
this purpose as these act reasonably
fast, unlike the antimetabolites that
take many hours to be effective. Per-
fusion normally lasts one....half to three-
quarters of an hour, after which the
vascular system is reconnected to the
rest of the body and the artificial heart-
fung circulation discontinued.
Infusion is a term used to describe
a longer-term treatment with chemo-
therapy, when it is administered into
a small plastic catheter that has been
placed in a blood vessel feeding an
area of the tumor. In this instance the
drug is allowed to circulate through
the tumor bed into the veins of the
body and then be diluted by the nor-
mal blood volume. At times this is
all that is required, for one aohieves
a high concentration of the drug with-
in the tumor and a low concentration
in the general circulation. Neverthe-
less, sometimes even the low systemic
concentration is harmful to suscepti-
ble organs. For this reason it must be
neutralized with an antidote given ei-
ther orally or intramuscularly by the
nursing staff. This antidote is given in
sufficient amount to neutralize the low
concentration in the blood and, as
such, will neutralize a small part of
the drug going through the tumor bed.
Even so, the concentration of the drug
within the tumor is so high that the
small amount of antidote will not
interfere with its action.
Infusion is being used increasingly
for treatment of the liver, pancreas.
pelvis, brain and lungs. A new form
of infusion apparatus has been devised
and is now in use in certain centers
of the United States. The patient is
allowed out of hospital, and even back
to work. He wears a small portable
pump powered by a battery or a clock
mechanism that delivers a small con-
centration of drug each minute into
an artery leading to the part of the
body harboring a malignant tumor.
Such outpatient ambulatory infusional
therapy can be carried on as long as
60 days if necessary. Results so far are
encouraging while the mechanical as-
pects are becoming safer as more pa-
tients are treated.
Perfusion, on the other hand, has
not been used recently as often as it
was some years ago, but may be rein-
stituted as a valuable tool when new
compounds that are highly effective in
a
hort period of time, but still toxic
to bone marrow and the gastro-intes-
tinal tract, are found.
Cancer chemotherapy is stilI a young
field with more problems than answers,
but with a great deal of promise for
the future. New drugs are constantly
being manufactured throughout the
world and as each one enters clinical
trials there is renewed hope of real
benefit to cancer patients who are not
curable by surgery or radiation.
References
1. Bickis. I. J. and Henderson, I.W.D.
Biochemical studies of human tumors.
Estimation of tumor malignancy from
metabolic measurements in vitro. Can-
cer, vol. 19, no. I, Jan. 1966.
2. Bickis, I. J., Henderson, I. W. D., and
Quastel, J. H. Biochemical studies of
human tumors. In vitro estimation of
individual tumor sensitivity to anti-can-
cer agents. Cancer, vol. 19, no. I, Jan.
1966.
3. Henderson, I. W. D., Lipowski, 8.,
Klaassen, D. J. Seminar on cancer che-
motherapeutic management of malignan-
cy. Applied Therapeutics, Vol. 9, no. I,
Jan. 1967. []
APRil 1967
The use of anti-cancer drugs in
regional chemotherapy and as ad-
juncts to surgery and radiotherapy
is becoming increasingly important.
When properly administered, these
drugs can provide effective means of
controlling metastases to distant organs
and of relieving pain caused by estab-
lished tumors.
The field of chemotherapy includes
the use of infusion and perfusion as
well as the systemic administration
of drugs.
Perfusion
Perfusion is the method by which
chemotherapeutic drugs are adminis-
tered intra-arterially, using an extra-
corporeal circulation' to an area of
the body, usually a limb, which has
been isolated by the occlusion of col-
lateral vessels. (Figure I.) This tech-
nique is performed in the operating
room and requires a heart-lung ma-
chine to take over the circulation of
the isolated area.
After isolating the blood supply,
catheters are inserted into the artery
and vein that feed the area of the
body containing the tumor. Into this
re-circulation is injected a high con-
centration of chemotherapeutic agents
that circulate for about one-half to
three-quarters of an hour. Alkylating
agents and special antibiotics are
usually the drugs of choice as they
are fast acting.
All drug dosages are based on the
patient's weight. that is, his ideal
APRIL 1967
Regional cancer
chemotherapy
A description of the techniques of perfusion and infusion of anti-cancer drugs,
and the nurse's responsibilities.
Pamela Edwards
....-.
....
Miss Edwards, a graduate of University
College Hospital, London, England, is
Chemotherapy Service Nurse at The Mon-
treal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec.
weight minus edema or fat, and, to
some extent, on the amount of fluid
of the heart-lung machine. This may
vary from 500 cc. in newer machines
to ] 500 cc. in the older types.
Indications for Perfusion
Perfusion may be used to shrink a
lesion to render it operable; to treat
lesions that are unlikely to respond
to surgery or radiation; and to treat
recurrent lesions in areas that can be
isolated vascularly.
As it is impossible to isolate any
part of the body completely, there is
a spillage or "leak" from the perfused
area to the systemic circulation. This
spillage is measured by adding radio-
iodinated serum albumen (RISA) to
the pump oxygenator at the commen-
cement of the perfusion. At the end of
the perfusion samples of blood are
taken from patient and pump and
compared with the original sample of
RISA injected. From these figures it
is possible to calculate the "percentage
spill. ..
Hypothermia is used to minimize
the spill and protect the bone marrow
from toxicity. The body is cooled to
30 0 C (88 0 F) before the perfusion
starts; any drug that spills into the sys-
temic circulation during perfusion is
relatively harmless at this temper-
ature. Meantime, the area being per-
fused is kept at the correct temper-
ature for the specific drug to be most
effective.
Possible Complications
Complications that may occur fol-
lowing perfusion include: ]. systemic
toxic reactions - anorexia, nausea,
vomiting, diarrhea; 2. bone marrow
depression - leukopenia, thrombo-
cytopenia, anemia; 3. loss of hair in
perfused areas; and 4. retardation of
incisional healing (skin grafts may be
necessary at a later date).
THE CANADIAN NURSE 41
Infusion
This technique differs from perfu-
sion in that there is no attempt to
isolate the area from the systemic
circulation. The drug is introduced
directly into the malignant area via
the artery that feeds it. For example,
a catheter is inserted into the hepa-
tic artery to treat disease of the liver,
or into the external carotid artery
for infusion of the mouth, throat or
sinuses. Using this method, a high
concentration of a slow-acting anti-
metabolite infuses through the malig-
nant tumor and then gains access
to the general circulation. If the lower-
ed concentration there is likely to be
toxic, an antidote may be given by
injection.
The two most common drugs used
are S-F1uorouracil and Methotrexate,
given either singularly or combined.
Methotrexate is an extremely toxic
drug. An effective antidote, Citrovo-
rum Factor (Leucovorin) can be given
when necessary as an injection, a
tablet, or as a mouthwash, if signs of
toxicity appear in the mouth.
Method of Infusion
A patient who is to have an infusion
is admitted to hospital where a hemo-
gram (hemoglobin, white blood count
and differential, platelets, prothrom-
bin time and bleeding time) is done
before the procedure. For patients
having liver and pancreas infusions,
plasma proteins, serum transaminase,
alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin are
assayed at regular intervals.
A thorough explanation is given to
the patient as to why he is having the
catheter inserted. Infusions usually
are given for 7 to 10 days, 16 to 18
hours per day, commencing in the late
afternoon and finishing in the morn-
ing. The patient is thus able to get up
for part of the day.
The method by which the catheter
or catheters are inserted is as follows:
The patient receives a bilateral groin
preparation as for an aortogram. He
receives premedications one hour be-
fore he is taken to the x-ray depart-
ment. There, an aortogram or arterio-
gram is performed to determine the
exact blood supply of the tumor.
Under fluoroscopy the catheter(s) is
placed in the appropriate artery(ies)
and about 5.0 ml. of 10 mg.%
heparin/saline solution are injected
via a two-way stopcock into the
catheter to keep it from blocking. The
stopcock is then closed and wrapped
in a sterile towel.
On the patient's return to the ward,
the nurse irrigates the catheter every
half hour with 5.0 ml. of 10 mg. %
heparin/saline solution until the infu-
42 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Perfusion - using a disc oxygenator
A syrmge
B containing drug
> _Ó
.
warm
water
y
. I
femoral
\. artery & vein
II I
! venous
m
vm,
e -
i '
+ '\
electric motor to disc (Kay-Cross) oxygenator
revolve discs
bubble trap (Cross)
oxygen-+
..-
heat exchanger
(water jacket)
drain
pump
The system is a miniaturized heart-lung machine. The size of the disc oxy-
genator is, however, much smaller. Venous drainage is by gravity.
Fig. 1
Infusion - using pressure cuff-plastic transfer pack
Fenwall,OOO cc. Disposable
Plastic Bag combining Drug
and Anticoagulant.
/'
IV pole
Catheter through
femoral artery and aorta
to infuse hepatic, mesenteric,
or renal arteries,
depending on site of tumor.
Fig. 2
APRIL 1967
sion is commenced. Catheter irriga-
tion is continued during the following
days when the infusion is not actually
in progress, but the frequency is de-
creased to once every three hours.
Usually the infusion is carried out
by a small. almost noiseless, pump
that sits on the patient's bedside table
and delivers the medication at the
required speed. Air embolus can oc-
cur, however, if the bottle containing
the medication becomes empty and
the machine continues to pump air.
Numerous devices have been develop-
ed to obviate this occurrence; most
equipment includes a safety bottle that
will run in automatically if the drug
bottle empties and the pump is not
stopped. This provides additional time
for the mistake to be noticed.
A new apparatus that is sterile, ef-
ficient. and safe has recently become
available. It consists of a sterile, col-
lapsible, plastic bag that is filled by
gravity from a 1000 cc. IV bottle
of normal saline, which contains the
drug of choice, and heparin 50 mg.
(Figure II). Air bubbles are expelled
from the bag and the inlet tube is
tightly knotted. The bag is then placed
inside a large pressure cuff with an
attached gauge and handbulb very
similar to a sphygmomanometer. A
recipient set is inserted into one of
the outlet ports of the bag, the drip
chamber is half filled, and the bag
inverted to hang from an intravenous
pole.
After the tubing from the bag is
cleared of air, the system is completely
air-free and ready for use. The adapter
at the end of the recipient tubing is
inserted into the patient's catheter and
the stopcock opened. The hand pump
is then pressurized until the gauge re-
gisters 250-300 mm. of mercury. Over
300 mm. of pressure is likely to burst
the bag. The nurse caring for the
patient is instructed to keep the pres-
sure about 250 mm., as this pressure
is well above the normal systolic
blood pressure and will infuse the
fluid at the desired rate as controIled
by a clamp on the recipient tubing.
As an extra precaution the recipient
set has a ball-valve in the rubber adap-
ter near the end of the tubing that
fits into the catheter; this prevents
backflow should there be a drop in
the external pressure cuff.
In addition to its safety features,
this equipment lessens the chance of
infection, since it comes in a sterile,
disposable pack that can be discarded
after each day of infusion.
Pm,sible Complications
In any emergency, such as a block-
ing of the catheter, the attending
APRIL 1%7
nurses are instructed to: 1. stop the
infusion by either switching off the
pump or lowering the pressure of the
cuff to zero; 2. close the stopcock,
disconnect the infusion set, and keep
the stopcock end of the catheter sterile;
3. irrigate the catheter with 5 m!. of
10 mg. % heparin/saline solution, a
supply of which is kept by the pa-
tient's bed. Since cold heparin/saline
causes spasm of arteries and pain in
the specific region, the solution is not
refrigerated.
If a catheter becomes blocked, a
tuberculin syringe filIed with the
heparin/saline solution, rather than
a large-bore syringe, is used to clear it.
This is because a syringe with a nar-
row bore gives a higher pressure.
Should any oozing occur at the site of
the catheter insertion, the nurse ap-
plies a pressure dressing and calls the
chemotherapy team or service intern.
As the nurse looking after the pa-
tient may be the first to notice signs
of toxicity, she has to know what to
observe and record in the nursing
notes, and what to report verbally to
the doctor.
The patient may complain of a sore
mouth. This can lead to ulcerative
stomatitis, especially if the infusion
is being given into the external caro-
tid artery. If the liver is being infused,
part of the stomach and duodenum
also may receive a high concentration
of the drug and ulcerate. Gastro-
intestinal hemorrhage may result. Un-
controIled nausea or vomiting require
anti emetics such as Ste1azine, Steme-
til or Gravol.
Systemic toxicity of infusions that
involve arteries leading to the large
bowel may cause diarrhea. Bone mar-
row depression as evidenced by a
white ceIl count below 3,000 or plate-
lets below lOO,OOO/mm. are not un-
common. Repeat tests are ordered by
the chemotherapy team every few days.
Chemotherapeutic drugs are charted
by the person administering them on
a special form so that an immediate
"birds-eye-view" is available on the
amount and types of drugs a patient
has received.
General Care
During the 7 to lO-day treatment
program, the patient spends much of
his time in bed; a semi-Fowler's posi-
tion is recommended as being the
most comfortable. To prevent de-
cubiti, he is encouraged to turn fre-
quently, and to lie on alternate sides.
Since the position of entry of the cath-
eter is often in the femoral region,
acute flexion at the hips is avoided
to prevent kinking of the catheter
and tearing of the site of insertion
through the artery wall. Once the
patient is up and about, walking pre-
sents little difficulty; it is when he is
getting in and out of bed that he needs
assistance.
Durin
the days that the infusion
is in progress, the patient needs repeat-
ed reassurance from the doctor and
nurses that everything is progressing
well. Tranquilizers, sedatives, anal-
gesics, and anti emetics are administer-
ed as required.
After three to four days of infu-
sion, the patient is taken to the x-ray
department to have a straight (ab-
dominal) film and a repeat angiogram
to ensure that the catheter is stilI in
the correct position. At the end of
the infusion the catheter is removed
by a gentle pull, after which a pres-
sure dressing is applied over the site
for 24 hours.
He is usually discharged home one
to two days later and foIlowed in the
chemotherapy department on an out-
patient basis. If necessary, infusion
may be repeated. The tumor is often
kept under control with courses of
intravenous injections or oral medica-
tion.
Summary
Intra-arterial perfusion and infu-
sion of chemotherapeutic agents are
used at present as palliative proce-
dures. Although neither is regarded
as curative, the exploitation of many
new drugs may change the end results
in the near future. As long as drugs
remain toxic, methods to localize their
effects will continue to prove worth-
while. 0
THE CANADIAN NURSE 43
The fight
agai nst cancer
Nurses daily engage in front line, face-to-face combat in the fight against cancer.
This article from "general headquarters" reports on the overall picture in the war.
Mace Mair
In Canada, the first treatment of
cancer was recorded in 1700. At that
time a famous French-Canadian phy-
sician and scientist, Dr. Michel Sarra-
zin, operated on Sister Marie Barbier
de I'Assomption of Montreal for can-
cer of the breast at the Hôtel Dieu of
Quebec. The operation was success-
ful and Sister Barbier lived for 19
years following the surgery. The part-
nership between nurse and doctor in
the fight against cancer can surely be
said to date from that time.
Real advances in the study and con-
trol of cancer came much later with
the introduction of anesthesia, the de-
velopment of antiseptic methods, and,
at the turn of the last century, the
use of x-rays as diagnostic aids.
Two voluntary organizations
An effective force against cancer
was mobilized in 1938 when the Cana-
dian Cancer Society was formed.
The Society was founded following
a request from the Canadian Medical
Association for a lay medical associa-
tion t,hat would assist in public educa-
tion and help bring cancer patients
for treatment at an early stage. Its
weapons: research, education, and ser-
vIce.
In 1947, at the instigation of the
federal government, the National Can-
cer Institute was formed to guide and
develop a nation-wide cancer research
/
Mr. Mair is the National Information Of-
ficer for the Canadian Cancer Society.
44 THE CANADIAN NURSE
program. The greatest portion of the
Institute's income is supplied by the
Society, and the two organizations are
closely associated. They share a joint
administrative office and one execu-
tive officer.
The Canadian Cancer Society de-
pends almost solely on the public for
its operating funds, which, in turn, are
the principal support of cancer re-
search in Canada. This money is rais-
ed during the annual appeal each
April. Supplementary income comes to
the Society from bequests from those
who have known the threat of cancer
or whose families have benefited by
programs of the Society.
For purposes of fund-raising and
other objectives, the Society is well or-
ganized. Divisions in each of the 10
provinces enjoy considerable autonomy
and operate with their own director-
ates. Over 100,000 volunteers con-
tribute to the success of the campaign,
which has exceeded its objective every
year since the first effort in 1949. No
professional fund-raising organization
is retained by the Society. The 1967
campaign goal is $4,767,500 - 6.7
percent more than the 1966 figure; this
is a customary annual increase to meet
the rising costs of equipment and tech-
nical help.
The objectives of the Society are
directed to three basic areas: educa-
tion, patient welfare, and research.
Research is the biggest and most vital
of these and always accounts for over
50 percent of the expenditures of the
APRIL 1967
Society; this money is allocated
through the National Cancer Insti-
tute.
Education
Education programs receive ap-
proximately 15.4 percent of the money
spent each year. The message is
directed to the Canadian public and
stresses the importance of early diag-
nosis of cancer for the best chance
of survival. The program includes:
. Educational films. In 1965,
383,883 showings were arranged.
. Releases for communications
media - press, radio, television and
others. These groups have been very
generous in cooperating with all pha-
ses of the educational program.
. School programs. Naturally,
much of this work has emphasized the
relationship of cigarets to lung cancer
and a most active group has used
films, lectures, poster and essay con-
tests (with almost 30,000 children
participating), and exhibits. During
1965, 1,914 schools were involved.
. Speakers. Volunteers and mem-
bers of unit and local education groups
speak to meetings and gatherings of
all sizes. Special events have included
cancer forums, women's clinics, TV
forums and addresses to nursing, med-
ical and many professional groups.
One of the areas in which cancer
is the most damaging is also one of
the most challenging for educational
work. This is in industry where it is
estimated that there is every year a
total loss of 60,000 man years among
workers between the ages of 20 and
64; this takes no account of the enor-
mous loss of time through treatment.
And this is for a disease that Sir Alex-
ander Haddow, retiring President of
the International Union of Cancer,
said was 80 percent preventable.
Welfare
The welfare programs of staffs and
volunteers of the Canadian Cancer
Society are directed to the relief of
suffering and, wherever possible, to
enable cancer patients to live a nor-
APRIL 1967
mal work life in spite of any after-
effects of the disease. This program
also is concerned with those who must
be helped to live as comfortably as
possible through a terminal period.
These important services are pro-
vided free through cancer institutes
and by arrangements with unit offices
across Canada:
. Dressings. In anyone year over
six million dressings are provided for
cancer patients. These are available in
more than 150 units or dressing sta-
tions. As in all work of the Society,
the volunteer plays a big part with
15,873 members involved in this de-
dicated force in 1965.
. Nursing. This includes bedside
nursing care at boarding and nursing
homes, as well as home nursing. For
example, in 1965 a total of 3,218 nur-
ses cared for a total of 7,055 patients
in periodic visits at home.
. Care (as distinct from nursing).
This welfare work is done by volun-
teers, a total of 6,000, who visit pa-
tients at home; other sufferers need
special housekeeping services. Trans-
portation to treatment areas is usual-
ly provided for about 10,000 people
in anyone year. A number of auxiliary
services are provided by volunteers
at hospitals, clinics and lodges; this
includes library, tea, reception ser-
vices, hairdressing, entertainment, oc-
cupational therapy, and many other
forms of help and encouragement for
cancer patients.
. Drugs and treatment services.
Some drugs, usually pain-relievers,
may be paid for by the Society. Also,
special nursing and psychological help
may be provided by the Society to help
the patient adapt after serious cancer
surgery.
. Rehabilitation. This is one of
the most rewarding programs of the
Society. It aims to help restore the
patient to as normal a life as possible
in family, industry, and community. It
may involve the provision and fitting
of prosthetic aids for excised areas,
such as providing the patient with a
ear or nose prosthesis. One of the
most successful rehabilitation pro-
grams is undoubtedly the Laryngec-
tomy Club, which provides methodical
training and assistance to those who
have lost their larynx and must learn
an entirely new method of speech.
Because of variations in laws af-
fecting medical and welfare matters
between Canadian provinces, these ser-
vices are not uniform across Canada.
The Society allocates 12.6 percent of
its funds to work of comfort, welfare,
and rehabilitation.
Research
The history of research into cancer
in Canada is largely the story of the
National Cancer Institute of Canada.
Its objectives were and are the pro-
motion of professional education and
research in the field of cancer, the ap-
proval and support of grants and fel-
lowships to deserving scientists, and
the coordination of provincial diagnos-
tic and treatment programs.
The Institute has a total member-
ship of 40, made up of 25 represen-
tatives of Canadian medical and pro-
fessional groups and 15 members-at-
large; the latter are chosen because of
their interest in the national cancer
problem. Over 75 percent of the reve-
nue is received from the Society and
the balance comes from government
grants and some special grants for
equipment.
From an initial expenditure in 1947
of $20,000 for research, the Institute
now allocates $2,500,000 each year
to research. This work involves over
500 scientists, assistants, and techni-
cians with projects being carried on
in 16 different Canadian universities.
Because the organization is based on
private funds, it is possible to quickly
alter and reorient the direction of re-
search to adapt to new discoveries or
promising new areas.
One Institute function of world re-
putation is the Canadian Cancer Re-
search Conference, held biennially.
All grantees and fellows assemble for
a four-day technical meeting, also at-
tended by scientists from many dif-
THE CANADIAN NURSE 45
ferent countries. Seven conferences
have been held so far.
What has been accomplished with
this research program? This question
is asked often and Canadians can be
proud of the answer. There are five
recognized areas where Canadian
achievements have led the way to
world progress. They are:
. Radioauwgraphy. This is a me-
thod of studying cell behavior by the
use of radioactive isotopes. In this
field, Dr. C. E. Leblond of McGill
University first incorporated radio-
active isotopes into tissue, then placed
microscopically thin slices of the tissue
against equally thin layers of film
emulsion. The isotope identifies itself
and the portion of the cell in which it
is located through photographic action
on the emulsion. The film shows an
outline of the cell structure since ra-
diation acts as a light source.
. Tissue growth media. Drs. Ray-
mond Parker and J. F. Morgan deve-
loped a synthetic chemical medium
which made it possible for living cells
to remain alive and multiply in flasks.
This opened a new area for laboratory
examination of cells.
. Vinblastine (VLB). This new
drug was derived from the common
periwinkle plant by Drs. Noble, Beer,
and Cutts and found to be effective
in slowing down production of white
blood cells. It is, therefore, a valu-
able aid in prolonging the life of many
sufferers from leukemia and other
forms of cancer.
. Chromosome study, A study of
chromosomes in both normal and ma-
lignant cells by Dr. Murray L. Barr
resulted in a discovery that cells from
tissue of females differed from the
cells of males; this aided the study not
only of cancer behavior but of various
glandular disorders.
. Cobalt therapy. The greatest Ca-
nadian achievement in cancer is de-
finitely the development of the Cobalt
bomb by Drs. Johns and Watson. By
finding that Cobalt 60 as an isotope
of cobalt is intensively radioactive and
gives off a gamma ray more penetrat-
46 THE CANADIAN NURSE
ing than x-rays, they advanced the
treatment of cancer through the abili-
ty to reach deeper cancers than had
been possible with low voltage ma-
chines.
In addition to these outstanding
advances that opened new paths of re-
search in countries all over the world,
several other contributory accomplish-
ments hold a high place in the world
fight against cancer.
In the international field, Canadian
researchers are very highly respected
and play a vital part in the work and
administration of the International
Union against Cancer. Ninety-nine na-
tional cancer bodies in 67 countries
support this organization and Dr. R.
M. Taylor, executive officer in both
the Canadian Cancer Society and the
National Cancer Institute, was elected
Secretary General of the Union, on a
four-year term, in October, 1966. In
addition to Dr. Taylor, seven other
Canadians serve on committees of the
Union.
Progress in the battle
A single cure for cancer, or a dra-
matic breakthrough, has not developed.
On the other hand, most researchers
feel that real progress is bound to
come by degrees and by finding ways
to control the numerous types of can-
cer.
The five-year cure rate has im-
proved greatly and now it is accepted
that 55 percent of all types of cancer
can be cured by surgery and/or radia-
tion, provided that they are diagnosed
in time for treatment.
Much research in the immediate
future will be directed to searching for
the cause, and to finding ways of pro-
longing the lives of those who cannot
yet be treated. There has been sub-
stantial success in giving terminal cases
many years of useful, normal life. For
example, the survival time for acute
leukemia has increased from three
months to two years; this may seem
like a tragically short time but it does
represent eight times the former pe-
riod of survival for the disease.
At present, it is necessary to con-
centrate, as has been done for some
years, on prevention and on early
diagnosis. In theory, a program on
these two points could wipe out more
than 80 percent of cancer. Among
the types of cancer susceptible to this
approach are skin, lung, breast, uterus,
and most stomach carcinomas, and
numerous types formerly regarded as
fatal but not necessarily so because
of recent advances in knowledge.
What would do the most good
would be a complete public awareness
of the dangers and a cool, fearless as-
sessment of the risks. These include
recognition not only of the smoking
problem but also other working and
living habits that promote cancer.
Support for the Annual Cancer
Campaign, and encouragement of this
support by family, friends and neigh-
bors remains one of the most produc-
tive efforts against cancer. Nobody can
measure the benefits achieved by the
work of over 100,000 volunteers each
year. The money they provide is vital
but their educational work and general
assistance is essential.
Cancer seeks out its victims in every
corner of Canada. As the ,headquar-
ters for the fight against it, the So-
ciety needs and merits help from all
Canadians. Every unit and the smal-
lest branch of the Society have a ready
pipeline to full information.
A wider awareness of facilities and
greater promotion of services by nur-
ses could aid in the fight. Local offi-
cials are easily located (in nearly all
cases through phone listings) and they
can provide information or answers to
all types of questions. Through them
patients can be referred to clinics,
cancer institutions, or other offices of
the Society.
In a word, the best way to achieve
the greatest improvement would be to
work harder at communications, and
to carry the message as widely as pos-
sible. This has been the secret of pro-
gress to date and its effectiveness will
decide who wins in the fight against
cancer. []
APRil 1967
in a capsule
Is Anybody Happy?
The most positive conclusIOn to be drawn
from a recent survey on the state of mar-
riage or unmarriage, as the case may be,
is that married men are happy... or at least
less unhappy than the unmarried ones...
that is to say, the unmarried men adjust
less well than unmarried women, who it
must be pointed out, adjust better than the
married ones (women that is).
If anyone is uncertain whether to feel
happy, unhappy, adjusted, or maladjusted,
the results of the survey released in Mod-
ern Medicine of Canada will provide one
thing at least - confusion.
From 785 interviews in a sample adult
population, the following data were obtain-
ed: Whether married or single, women
show more fears than men and men more
antisocial tendencies than women. Single
women are less fearful than married women,
however, whereas single men are more anti-
social than married men. Single men are
also the least and single women the most,
morally strict of the four groups.
Single persons of both sexes show more
desire for freedom of action than married
persons, but the tendency is strikingly
greater in single men. Married men are the
most self-assertive of the four groups; single
men are less so than single women. but
more so than married women.
Since men have greater freedom of choice
in marrying, those who do not marry seem
likely to have more psychological impair-
ment to begin with. This theory is sup-
ported by a much greater incidence of
childhood stress in single men than in the
other groups; single women, on the other
hand, show the least. Single men also show
more signs of social isolation.
Snorers Are Shocked
It was British inventor James Watt who
invented the steam engine. Now another
British Watt, this time psychiatrist Dr. Al-
lan Watts, has made a less spectacular but
no less significant contribution to science.
An anti-snoring machine, invented by
Fredrick Miles, has been tested by Dr. Watts
and found to be "highly successful with a
few dozen patients I treated."
He said a tiny throat microphone is con-
nected to a small power unit and attached
by wires to the patient's arm. As soon as
the sleeper snores, an electric impulse is
sent into his arm, causing it to twitch -
though the shock is not strong enough to
wake him completely from hi
sleep.
APRil 1967
This sets up a "mental block" against
snoring, said Dr. Watts, and after a few
weeks the machine can be taken away be-
cause the patient's arm will automatically
twitch when he snores. - Associated Press.
Immunity Declines - Epidemic
Predicted
The virus, Asian No.2. which caused the
great 1957 epidemic of Asian flu, has been
relatively quiet during the last decade. It
is now changing antigenically, and through-
out the world immunity has declined. At
a conference on vaccines against viral and
rickettsial diseases in Washington, Dr.
W.e. Cockburn, WHO, reported that ano-
ther influenza epidemic has been predicted
for 1967. - Nursj,/g Times, December,
1966.
Suicides High
Among young adult Canadians. suicide
ranks third as a cause of death, according
to the federal Department of Health and
Welfare.
In reply to a recent written question
in the House of Commons, Mrs. Margaret
Rideout. parliamentary secretary to the
federal Minister of National Health and
Welfare. said that in 1964 there were 2.482
deaths from accidents, 402 from cancer.
and 269 suicides in the 15 to 29 year age
group. M.D. of Canada, January, 1967.
Smoldering Image
The image of the "smoker:' cultivated so
lovingly by advertisers. has gone up in a
cloud of cigaret smoke. Friends of the
smoker see nOl the suave. sophisticate de-
scribed in commercials, but a type "more
demanding, attention-seeking. assertive.
jealous:' than the nonsmoker.
Dr. Gene M. Smith of Harvard Medical
School in Boston, assessed 1,462 college
and nursing students in a study on smoking
and personality. By using both self-ratings
and ratings by classmates, he discovered
personality aspects the smoker could never
have seen through the haze. The c1ear-
sighted nonsmoker described his peer as
"less conscientious. self-reliant and re-
sponsible. less mannerly and refined, less
good-natured. trusting and tender," but
"more extroverted" than himself. Dr. Smith
noted that on the basis of the peer ratings
alone, an observer could pick out a heavy
smoker three-quarters of the time.
His results are in line with the theory that
'mokers and nonsmokers may differ gen-
etically, possibly meaning that the link be-
tween smoking and disea
es such as cancer
IS due to some predisposition rather than
to cause and effect. This is perhaps unlikely,
Dr. Smith said. but the possibility merits
study.
Another explanation is that the personality
traits of smokers and nonsmokers may be
governed by environment. - excerpts from
Science News, Oct. 1966.
"Ceographical Clusters" of MS
Some unidentified factor in the environ-
ment makes Southern Ontario residents
particularly prone to multiple sclerosis, a
Washington. D.C., doctor reports. He ruled
out climate and diet as causes of the
dÌ!.ease. He also ranked heredity as un-
likely.
Dr. J.F. Kurtzke reported these findings
after probing into the disease's peculiarity
of showing up in geographic clusters. The
Leamington-St. Thomas-Delhi strip of South-
ern Ontario, for example, is noted for the
disease in Canada.
These "geographic clusters" form a high-
frequency band that stretches across the
globe. The northern United State, South-
ern Canada, and Northern Europe all have
an incidence of MS of 30 to 60 cases per
100,000 population. In the southern U.S.,
southern Europe, and Australia the rate is
only 5 to 15 per 100,000 and it is generally
low in Africa and Asia, although some sur-
veys may be inadequate.
Multiple sclerosis has disabled an estim-
ated 25.000 Canadians, mostly young adults
between 20 and 45. The cluster pattern
indicates that some outside factor in the
environment is the cause, writes Dr.
Kurtzke, of Georgetown University and
Washington's Veterans Administration Hos-
pital, in Archives of Neurology.
The cluster areas are too small to be
affected specifically by climate or diet,
he said. Surveys in Denmark and Swit-
zerland, where two generations of patients
were- surveyed, suggested that it did not
run in families.
Realize Your Worth - In $$
Basic body chemicals once valued at 98
cents are now valued at $800, according to
a report in The American Druggist by
Charles A. Thomas, Monsanto Board Chair-
man. The reason: A major market has
developed for enzymes and nucleic acids. -
Management Review, November, 1966.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 47
books
Hearing Loss by Joseph Sataloff. M.D..
D.Sc. (Med.) 404 pages. Toronto. J.B.
Lippincott, 1966.
ReI'iewed by Dr. Jack A. Rubin, Win-
nipeg, Manitoba.
The prime value of this book lies in its
comprehensive, practical, and readable
coverage of every aspect of otology and
audiology. Ideally suited for anyone inter-
ested in hearing disorders, their diagnosis
and management, this book is remarkably
complete in all areas. Although it is pos-
,ibly a little too superficial for the otologist,
it should be extremely useful to audiolo-
gists. speech and hearing therapists, and
members of the nursing profession who
have a special interest in otology.
All chapters are well illustrated with
audiograms and case reports. A complete
classification of types and causes of hear-
ing loss is presented and the difference
between conductive and sensori-neural deaf-
ness is clarified. The author reviews the
management of conductive deafness, em-
phasizing the newer surgical procedures
for restoration of the sound-conducting ap-
paratus. Nerve deafness is analyzed and
various diagnostic tests to localize the
pathology are well presented. The chapter
on tinnitus and vertigo and their signifi-
cance is very helpful. The author outlines
various methods of testing patients for
hearing defects and discusses pitfalls to
avoid. Special tests for speech testing,
recruitment, tone decay, malingering, and
masking are described and their signifi-
cance dealt with.
The chapter on occupational deafness is
timely and should be of special interest
to industrial physicians who are concerned
with this increasing problem. In the sec-
tion dealing with hearing loss in children,
particular emphasis is placed on early
diagnosis and treatment.
A Sociological Framework for Patient
Care edited by Jeannette R. Folta, R.N.,
Ph.D. and Edith S. Deck, R.N., M.S.
418 pages. New York. John Wiley &
Sons, 1966.
Reviewed by Dr. Margaret N. Lee, as-
sociate professor, University of Windsor,
School of Nursing, Windsor, Ontario.
In their forward to this book, the
authors identify a "need for a book of
readings that will tie together the under-
lying concepts and principles inherent in
48 THE CANADIAN NURSE
comprehensive care." As the title shows,
the concepts and principles examined are
drawn from sociology. Although much of
the content is directed toward physicians
and professional nurses, it would be useful
to professional practitioners in all the
health sciences.
The book is divided into seven parts,
corresponding to the seven underlying con-
cepts to be examined. In each part, a
number of experts separately examine a
significant aspect of the sociological basis
and framework of health care. Each part
has an introduction that presents briefly
the basic ideas to be discussed and poses
some of the questions that necessarily arise.
Each part closes with an epilogue that
does not summarize the previous discus-
sion but comments on and amplifies it.
This technique enables the reader to attain
a clear understanding of those aspects and
value systems of modern, technologically
advanced societies that foster the continu-
ing development of scientific health care.
For example, in Part III, "The Routes to
Becoming: The Professions," several writers
CANADIAN
LIBRARY. WEEK
APRIL 16-22 AVRIL 1967
LA.SEMAINE.DES
BIBLIOTHEQUES
CANADIENNES
:i ..."D MAN ANO
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examine the societal movements and value
systems that lead some members of society
to become health professionals.
In the same part another writer presents
a sociological analysis of the frustrations
imposed upon one body of health science
professionals (nurses) by the conflicts of
values found within the system of the
hospital as an institution of society.
Since the book is not a textbook of
sociology, the reader who will enjoy and
use it most will be a person who has a
thorough grounding in the basic concepts,
principles and terminology of sociology as
a discipline. It should prove extremely
helpful to university teachers and students
of nursing, because it can help to fill a
long-felt but ill-defined need within the
university school of nursing, that is, the
necessity to help the student to bridge the
gap between the knowledge of culture and
society learned in an academic discipline,
and her conscious, deliberate use of this
knowledge as she learns to become a profes-
sional practitioner of nursing.
Laboratory Tests in Common Use,
4 ed., by Solomon Garb, M.D., F.A.C.P.
192 pages. New York, Springer, 1966.
Re
'iewed by Miss Helen Saunders, in-
sen' ice education supervisor, Royal Ju-
bilee Hospital School of Nursing, Vic-
toria, .B.e.
This clûth-bound book is intended as
a quick reference work for graduate and
student nurses in ward units. Because of
its organization and content it would seem
ideal for this purpose. Not intended as a
laboratory manual, it omits detailed pro-
cedure of laboratory tests. In fact, some
of the procedures mentioned have been
replaced by newer methods.
Two major changes in this new edition
include the addition of 15 newer tests to
bring the total number of laboratory tests
to 145 and, for each test, a list of drugs,
food or other procedures that might inter-
fere with or produce misleading laboratory
results. Common laboratory tests are group-
ed in chapters according to the body fluid
or excretion on which the test is performed
- a more practical method of classification
than a division into "biological," "chemical,"
etc. Tests are arranged alphabetically in
each chapter and good cross-indexing helps
the reader to associate the several names
often given to the same test.
APRIL 1%7
books
(C"I/til/lletl from page 48)
A description of the body functions or
disorder for which each test is used and
an explanation of the physiological ration-
ale behind the test are provided. The test
itself is then described under the follow-
ing headings: collection of specimens,
laboratory procedure, possible interfering
materials, and range of normal findings for
an adult.
Eight tables and/or summaries of infor-
mation appear at the end of the book.
Most helpful for nurses who collect blood
specimens would be the table on blood tests
that gives the number of cc's required and
type of anticoagulant needed. For all
nurses, the list of definitions of laboratory
terms and the selected bibliography on
laboratory procedures would be useful and
enlightening. Very limited in its scope is
the table of distinctions between normal
values in infants and children and those
in adults. Some of the other tables may
be redundant in view of the very clear
presentation of information throughout the
book.
As a ward reference this book is very
informative and is at a level and in a
format that most graduate nurses would
find helpful and practical.
Establishing Relationships in
chiatric Nursing by Ira Davis
R.N., B.S., M.A. 53 pages. New
Springer, 1966.
Psy-
Trail.
York.
Re
'iewed by Miss Barbara Bycroft. il/-
structor. Clarke II/stitt/te of Psychiatry,
Toronto.
This small handbook is directed to nurses
involved in patient care in psychiatric
settings.
The author is associate professor of nurs-
ing, California State College at Los Angeles
and psychiatric nursing consultant for The
Veteran's Administration Hospital at Sepul-
veda and Long Beach, California. Such
an active professional background, coupled
with a lively concern to assist nurses to
become skiIIed experts in psychiatric nurs-
ing, amply qualify the author as an authority
on this subject.
The author presents her material in a
concise, practical manner. It is organized
in two parts: "The Patient and His Environ-
ment in a Psychiatric Hospital," and "The
Psychiatric Nurse; Her Purpose and Ac-
tions." She has written with a provocative
premise: "that in psychiatric nursing parti-
cularly, job satisfaction for the nurse and
improvement for the patient are intimately
related and develop simultaneously." A
focus on the importance of the nurse's
APRIL 1967
feelings, individuality. and creativity as
an active participant in the treatment team
is maintained.
As well, the bool sllccessfully preserves
the author's aim to follow two basic mental
heallh concepts: I. All behavior is mean-
ingful to the individual even though he
might not understand its meaning at the
time, and 2. no one is iII in all spheres.
The nursing concept prevailing in this
handbook is that "nurses work with the
heallh concepts: I. All behavior is mean-
to assist him toward his maximum potential
for healthy living." This concept provides
a helpful guide in the varied and changing
aspects of the psychiatric nurse's role
today. Practical examples of nurse-patient
situations and suggested readings are pro-
vided.
This compact handbook would be a use-
ful reference for graduate nurses involved
in any psychiatric unit. As well, it would
be adaptable for use by nurse educators.
The author's concise treatment of her sub.
ject perhaps indicates some supplementary
clinics or discussions for inexperienced
graduate nurses or nursing students. The
general absence of psychiatric jargon is
I
I
\
\.
RX
JØ
WONDER' AIDE TECH
$15.99* $15.99* ,'- $15.99*
Three smart styles by Naturalizer-
and the smartest thing about them is their amazing Wondersole!
1 Wondersole is shaped to match 2 Ordinary insoles are flat. The
the contour of the foot. Supports ball and heel of your foot are
body weight evenly, over all parts forced to support the entire b1!dy
of the foot. lets you stand and weight. Feet tire easily.
walk longer without strain.
THE s 2k:
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2
Wondersole TM
For namø of your nearest dHIB, write:
NATURALIZER DIVISION, 8ROWN SHOE
COMPANY OF CANADA. LTD.. PERTH. ONTARIO
.Pnces quoted are Suggested Retail Prices
THE CANADIAN NURSE 49
books
(COll1illuecl from page 49)
refreshing. An adequate framework of
knowledge for further reading and investi-
gation is provided.
Drugs in Current Use 1967 edited by
Walter Modell, M.D., F.A.C.P. 152 pages.
New York. Springer. 1967.
ThIs paperback presents concise infor-
mation about drugs currently in use, new
drugs still on trial. and older. well-establish-
ed drugs.
Drugs are listed alphabetically, under
non-proprietary names. The more common
proprietary names are usually provided.
Information about each drug includes: ma-
jor uses; physical properties; absorption;
actions. both therapeutic and toxic; mode
of administration; preparations; dosage;
antidotes.
This compilation of drugs, although up-
to-date and well presented, would have
limited value in Canada. Many of the pro-
prietary names listed are used only in the
United States.
The Stor} of Modern Medicine by
Dr. Lawrence Rosenberg and Nancy
Rosenberg. 112 pages. New York. W.W.
Norton, 1966.
This is a brief history of medicine for
} oung teenagers. It tells of the growth
of medical science throughout the centuries,
from Imhotep to Sabin, from magic to
electron microscopes.
Dr. Rosenberg, a professor in orthopedic
surgery, and Mrs. Rosenberg, the author of
three other children's books, have outlined
the major discoveries that have contributed
to the development of modern medical
science and briefly portrayed the lives of
the men who made them.
The book is accurate and interesting. It
would be an excellent gift for any boy
or girl interested in entering the medical
or nursing field, and would be a valuable
book for high school libraries.
films
April is Cancer month, and the following
fIlms are all concerned with the early
detection and treatment of cancer. The
films would be available through your local
Cancer Society, as well as through other
film sources throughout the country.
50 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Especially for Nurses
What is Cancer? - 20-minute, black.
and-white, sound.
Breast Self-Examination - 15-minute,
color, sound.
II Could Happen To You - 8-minute,
color, sound.
Time and Two Women - 18-minute.
color, sound. Also available in 35mm.
For Community Groups
Canadian Crusade - 15-minute, color,
sound.
Life-Story - 14-minute, color, sound.
The Million Club - IO-minute and 28-
minute, color, sound. Also available in
35mm.
Sense in the Sun - 14-minute, color,
sound.
Smoking and Lung Cancer - 30-minute,
black-and-white, sound.
Traitor Within I I-minute, CL.or,
sound.
accession list
Publications in this list of material re-
ceived recently in the CNA library are
shown in language of source. The majority
(reference material and theses, indicated
by R, excepted) may be borrowed by CNA
members, and by libraries of hospitals and
schools of nursing and other institutions.
Requests for loans should be made on the
"Request Form for Accession List" (page
52) and should be addressed to: The Libra-
ry, Canadian Nurses' Association, 50 The
Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario.
BOOKS AND DOCUMENTS
I. L'avenir des infirmières par Kaspar
Naegele. Ottawa, Association des Infirmiè-
res canadiennes, 1967. 30p.
2. Baccalaureate education for the re-
gistered nurse student. Proceedings of a
Dept. of Baccalaureate and Higher Degree
Programs Conference held in St. Louis,
Miss., Jan. 20-21, 1966. New York, Nation-
al League for Nursing, 1966. 67p.
3. Catalogue de /'.édition du Canada
français publiée par Ie Conseil supérieur
du Livre avec Ie concours du Ministère des
Affaires culturelles du Québec 1966-1967.
Montréal, 1966. Iv. R
4. Communication in nursing by Thora
Kron. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1967. 244p.
5. Drugs in current Use 1967 edited
by Walter Modell. New York, Springer.
1967. 152p.
6. Esselltials of cancer nursing. A pri-
mer on cancer for nurses. New York,
American Cancer Society, New York City
Cancer Committee, 1963. 125p.
educational wOrking package
\
POST. OPERATIVE MANA6EMENT KIT
A must for all nurses and student nurses, the new POM Kit has
become the most successful "in-service" teaching aid for Ileostomy
and Ileal-Bladder education. Included in this working package are
all the necessary products needed for proper post-operative man-
agement of the patient - 3 Bongort Expendable Drainage Bags
plus 5 sample sized accessory products. The POM Kit is yours for
$1.00. Request 754 CN.
.JJ'
T.JÑ /T/F.,Ç! 0
.4 fiG/GAL
PORT CHESTER . NEW YORK
APRil 1967
accession list
7. Freedom of USsoClUt101I ulld the pro-
tt'ction of the right to orgallize; a worker's
education manual. Geneva, International
Labour Office, 1959. 157p.
8. GO\'emmellts ulld the ulliversity; The
F rank Gerstein lectures, York University,
1966. Toronto, Macmillan, 1966. 92p.
9. A guide for staffillg a hospital lIurs-
il/g sen-icl' by Marguerite Paetznick. Gene-
va. World Health Organization, 1966. 93p.
10. Hiddell hierarchies the professiolls
"nd go
'erllmel/t by Corinne Lathrop Gilb.
New York, Harper and Row, 1966. 307p.
I I. Hospital desigl/ al/d fUl/cliol/ by E.
rodd Wheeler. New York, McGraw-Hili,
1964. 296p.
12. lmproi'il/g multiple - choice t est
items. A manual for examiners by Ollie A.
Jensen. Chicago, Public Personnel Associ-
ation, 1963. 52p.
13. Laboratory tests il/ commoll use by
Solomon Garb. 4th ed. New York, Springer,
1966. J 92p.
14. Mal/uel pratique de l'il/firmière soi-
I(,wllte; tome 3, reanimation anesthesie,
ervice des opérations, appareillage divers
pOllr les soins osseuses, explorations, et
techniques en pathologie; spécialités inclu-
ses par M. L. Nappee. Paris, Massons, 1966.
793p.
15. M illimum curriculum guide for
schools of I/ursil/g il/ Saskatchewal/ COI/-
ducting a basic diploma I/ursil/g educatiol/
program. Regina, Saskatchewan Nurses' As-
sociation, 1966. 47p.
16. Natiol/al studel/t aid illformatiol/
sen'ice; service de renseignements, aide na-
tionale aux étudiants; undergraduate awards.
Don Mills, Ont., Canadian Scholarship
Trust Foundation Iv. (various paging).
17. Nurses' duty apparel; a study of
professional nurses' preferences in uniforms,
shoes and hosiery. New York, American
Journal of Nursing Co. Advertising Re-
search Department, 1964, 78p.
18. Nursil/g the multiple sclerosis pa-
tient. New York, National Multiple Sclero-
is Society, 1965. 1llp.
19. Nutritiol/ for practical I/urses by
S. Phyllis Howe. 4th ed. Philadelphia,
Saunders, 1967. 302p.
20. Proceedil/gs of the Cal/adial/ COI/-
ferellce Oil Agil/g, Toronto, Jan. 24-28,
1966. Ottawa, Can. Welfare Council. 1966.
105p.
21. Report of the W. K. Kellogg Foul/d-
arioll, Battle Creek, Mich., 1966. 178p.
22. Social security; a worker's education
manual. Geneva, International Labour Off-
ice, 1958. 132p.
23. Studies il/ I/ursil/g; abstracts of re-
ports submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of Master of
Science in Nursing, 1961-1966. London,
APRIL 1967
Ont.. University of Western Ontario. School
of Nur
ing, 1966. 21p. R
24. A study of clwl/ges ill job satisfac-
timl of lIurse practitiol/ers followil/g il/-
Sf'n-ice educatiol/ program by Kathleen
Mary Straub. New York. National League
for Nursing, 1966. 90p. (League exchange
no. 79 )
25. A callcer source book for I/urses.
New York, American Cancer Society, 1963.
120p.
product preferences among hospital, public
health. and private duty nurses. New York,
American Journal of Nursing Co. Advertis-
ing Research Department, 1966. 17p.
27. Fifth report of the Expert Com-
mittee 011 I/ursil/g. Geneva, World Health
Organization, 1966. 32p. (WHO Technical
report series no. 347)
28. A guide for refresher courses for
i,ll1ctÏl'e lIurses. Regina, Saskatchewan Re-
gistered Nurses' Association, 1966. 12p.
29. lmmul/ologie et reproductiol/ hu-
mllÏl/e. Rapport d'un Groupe scientifique de
rOMS. Genève, Organisation mondiale de
PAMPHLETS
26. Bae/" rubs; a study of practices and
ONE-STEP PREP
...
with
FLEET ENEMA"
sÙ/gle dose
disposable ui/it
FLEET ENEMA's fast prep time obsoletes soap and
water procedures. The enema does not require warm-
ing. It can be used at room temperature. It avoids the
ordeal of injecting large quantities of fluid into the
bowel, and the possibility of water intoxication.
The patient should preferably be lying on the left side
with the knees flexed, or in the knee-chest position.
Once the protective cap has been removed, and the
prelubricated anatomically correct rectal tube ge
tly
inserted. simple manual pressure on the container
does the rest! Care should be taken to ensure that
the contents of the bowel are completely expelled. Left
8
colon catharsis is normally achieved in two to five
minutes, with little or no mucosal irritation, pain or
spasm. If a patient is dehydrated or debilitated,
hypertonic solutions such as FLEET ENEMA, must
be administered with caution. Repeated use at short
intervals is to be avoided. Do not administer to children
under six months of age unless directed by a physician.
And afterwards, no scrubbing, no sterilisation, no
preparation for re-use. The complete FLEET ENEMA
unit is simply discarded!
Every special plastic "squeeze-bottle" contains 4V2
fl. oz. of precisely formulated solution, so that the
adult dose of 4 fl. oz. can be easily expelled. A patented
diaphragm prevents leakage and reverse flow, as well
as ensuring a comfortable rate of administration.
Each J 00 cc. of FLEET ENEMA contains:
Sodium biphosphate ......... 16 gm.
Sodium phosphote . 6 gm.
For our brochure: "The Enema: Indications and Techniques",
containing full information, write to: Professional Service
Deportment, Charles E. Frosst & Co., P.O. Box 247,
Montreal 3, P.O.
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A
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.3 MONTREaL catlilaDa
FOUNDED IN CANADA IN 1699
THE CANADIAN NURSE 51
accession list
la Santé, 1966. 23p. (Série de rapports
techniques no. 334)
30. A list of schools of nursing ill
Olltario and minimum education require-
l1Ie11ts for entrance. Toronto, Ontario Hos-
pital Association, 1966. 30p.
31. The nurse in public health agencies;
her role, functions and practices by Dor-
othy Sutherland. New York, Nursing Out-
look, 1963. 38p.
32. Nurse-faculty census i966; various
programs of nursing education by Hessel
Flitter. New York, National League for
Nursing, 1966. 11 p.
33. Performance test procedures and
problems by Roscoe W. Wisner. Chicago,
Public Personnel Association, 1965. 26p.
(Personnel brief no. 29)
34. Problems arising from the handling
of drugs ill the physicians office by Lester
P. Dodd. New York, American Nurses'
Association, 1966. 4p.
35. Problems with pharmaceutical prac-
tices ill physicians offices by Robert C.
Johnson. New York, American Nurses' As-
sociation, 1966. 4p.
36. You and the press by Eric Sleath.
London, National and Local Government
Officers Association, Public Relations De-
partment, 1966. 24p.
GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS
British Columbia
37. Bureau of Economics and Statistics.
Dept. of Industrial Development, Trade,
and Commerce. Salary and wage rate sur-
I'ey. A study of salary and wage rates in
selected clerical, professional and trade oc-
cupations in business, industrial and service
establishments in four regions. Victoria,
1966. 32p.
Canada
38. Dept. of Labour. Economics and Re-
search Branch. Labour organization ill
Canada. 55 ed. Ottawa, Queen's Printer,
1966, 106p.
39. Dept. of Labour. Labour-manage-
ment Co-operation Service. Joint consult-
atioll in hospitals and sen'ice industries.
Ottawa, 1966. 15p.
40. Royal Commission on Health Ser-
vices. Emerging patterns in health care by
Robert Kohn. Ottawa, Queen's Printer,
1966. 145p.
Great Britain
41. Central Office of Information. Re-
ference Division. Social services in Britain.
Rev. London, 1966. 115p.
42. Ministry of Health. Central Health
Services Council. The post-certificate train-
ing alld education of nurses. London, Her
Majesty's Stat. Off., 1966. 21p.
israel
43. Ministry of Health. Nursing Depart-
ment. Nursing in israel. Jerusalem, 1964.
Edited by M. Olga Weiss. 74p.
Manitoba
44. Minister of Health's Committee on
the Supply of Nurses. Report. Winnipeg,
1966. 152p.
United States
45. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel-
fare. Mental retardation activities; annual
report January 1966. Washington, U.S.
Govt. Print. Off., 1966. 87p.
46. -. Children's Bureau. America's
children and youth in institutions 1950,
1960, 1964. A demographic analysis. Wash-
ington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1966. 49p.
47. -. Public Health Service. Biblio-
graphy of the history of medicine. Bethesda,
Maryland, 1966. 290p.
48. -. Cancer manual for public
health nurses. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print.
Off., 1963. 112p.
STUDIES DEPOStTED IN CNA REPOStTORY COL-
LECTION
49. Problems regarding performance
evaluation as expressed by thirty-one head
nurses in one Canadian hospital by Betty
Nanette Nixon Harrington. Seattle, 1966.
67p. Thesis (M.N.) - Washington. R
Request Form
for "Accession List"
CANADIAN NURSES r
ASSOCIATION LIBRARY
Send to:
LIBRARIAN, Canadian Nurses' Association,
50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario,
Please lend me the following publications, listed in the
....... ....,.. , issue of The Canadian Nurse,
or add my name to the waiting list to receive them when
available.
Item Author Short title (for identification)
No.
TOO MANY SQUARE MEALS?
Tums get rid of acid
indigestion fast!
Request for loans will be filled in order of receipt.
Reference and restricted material must be used in the
CNA library.
Borrower
Position ..
Address
Date requested ..
Good eating and drinking is some-
thing we all like. But indigestion is
the course that finishes the meal for
too many of,us. When that happe':!s,
take Tums. They're pleasantly mint
flavoured, need no water and get to
work fast on heartburn, gas and stom- Try Tums lor the tummy I
ach upsets. And long-lasting
T"m,.'" '''''' ,!fe,,,.., t
consume 93 times their n n 1M) ce.
own weig ht in excess stom- IZ \YI UVU
aëI1ãëTd. Tums cost just a ..
dime, so try them soon.
APRIL 1967
52 THE CANADIAN NURSE
classified advertisements
ALBERTA
BRITISH COLUMBIA
DIRECTOR OF NURSING EDUCATION: RED DEER
JUNIOR COLLEGE. This position will require a
person with a master.s degree in nursing education
to be responsible under the dean's direction for
,he organjzotion and operation of a two-year pro-
gramme of nursing education. Experience with cur-
rent programmes of nurses' training desirable.
Duties will begin April t, 1967. Persons interested
may write for further details and for application
forms to: G.H. Dowe, Superintendent of Schools,
Red Deer Public School District No. 104, 4747 -
53 Street, Red Deer, Alberta. 1-76-5
Ålloclat. Director of Nursing S.rvice - responsible
for nursing service in 200-bed general hospital.
University prepraraf10n and experience essential.
Apply Director of Nursing, Lethbridge Municipal
Hospital, Lethbridge, Alberta. 1-57-1
REGISTERED NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY (WANTED)
for a 37-bed General Hospital. Salory $380 - $440
per month Commencing with $375 with 1 year and
$390 with 3 years practical experience elsewhere.
Full maintenance available at $35 per month. Pen-
sion plan available, train fare from any point in
Canada will be refunded after 1 year employment.
Hospital located in a town of 1.100 population, 85
miles from Capital City on a paved highway.
Apply to: Two Hills Municipol Hospitol, Two Hills,
Alberta. 1-88-'
GENERAL DUTY NURSES - Salary ronge - $4,320
to $5,460 per annum, 40 hour week. Modern living.
in facilities available at moderate rates. if desired.
Civil Service holiday. sick leave and pension bene-
fjts. Starting salary commensurate with training
and experience. Apply to: Superintendent of Nurses.
Boker Memorial Sanatorium, Box n. Calgary.
Alberto. 1-14-3 A
ADVERTISING
RA TES
FOR ALL
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING
$10.00 for 6 lines or less
$2.00 for each additional line
Rates for display
advertisements on request
Closing date for copy and cancellation is
6 weeks prior to 1st day of publication
month.
The Canadian Nurses' Association has
not yet reviewed the personnel policies
of the hospitals and agencies advertising
in the Journal. For authentic information,
prospective applicants should apply to
the Registered Nurses' Association of the
PrOliince in which they are interested
in working.
Address correspondence to:
The
Canadian
Nurse
.,/'
()
50 THE DRIVEWAY
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO
APRIL 1967
I I
ALBERTA
NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in octive 30.bed hospital,
recently constructed building. Town on main line of
.he C.P.R. and on Number 1 highway, midway
between the cities of Calgary and Medicine Hat.
Nurses on staff must be willing and able to take re-
sponsibil ity in all departments of nursing. with the
exceptions of the Operating Room. Recently renovated
nurses' residence with all single rooms situated on
hospital grounds. Apply to: Mrs. M. Hislop, Adminis.
'rotor and Director of Nursing. Bessano General Has.
pital, Bassano, Alberta. 1-5-1
General Duty Nurse. for active, accredited. well-
equipped 64.bed hospital in growing town, population
3,500. Salaries range from $380-$440 commensurate
with experience. other benefits. Nurses residence.
Excellent personnel policies and working conditions.
New modern wing opened this year. Good commu-
nications to large nearby cities. Apply Director of
Nursing, Brooks General Hospital, Brooks, Alberta.
1-13-1B
GENERAL DUTY NURSES for modern 25-bed hos-
pitol on Highway No. 12, East-Central Alberta.
Solary ronge $380 to $440. (including a regional
differential). New staff residence. Full maintenance
$35. Personnel policies as per AARN. Apply to the:
Director of Nursing. Coronation Municipal Hospital.
Coronation, Alberta. Tel.: 578-3803. 1-25-1B
GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 64-bed, active treatment
hospital, 35 miles South of Calgary. Salary range
$360 - $420. Living accommodation availoble in
separate residence if desired. Full maintenance in
residence $35 per month. 30 days paid vacation after
12 months employment. Please apply to: The Director
of Nursing, High River Municipal Hospital, High
River, Alberta. 1-46.1
GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Modern 26-bed hospital
close to Edmonton. 3 buses doily. Salary $360.00 to
$420.00 per month commensurate with experience.
Residence avoilable $35.00 per month. Excellent
personnel pol icies. Apply: Director of Nursing.
Mayertholpe Municipal Hospital, Mayerthorpe, Al-
berta. 1-61-1
GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 94-bed General Hospital
located in Alberta's unique Dinosaur Badlands. $360
- $420 per month, 40 hour week, 31 doys vocation,
pension. Blue Cross. M.S.I. and generous sick time.
Apply to: Miss M. Hawkes, Director of Nursing, Drum.
heller General Hospital, Drumheller, Alberta. 1-31 -2 A
BRITISH COLUMBIA
Op.rating Room Hoad Nurs. ($464 - $552), G.n.ral
Duty Nurs.s (B.C. Register.d $405 - $481, non-Regis-
tered $390) for fully accredited 113-bed hospital in
N.W. B.C. Excellent fishing, skiing, skating, curling
end bowling. Hot springs swimming nearby. Nurses'
residence. room $20 per month. Cafeteria meals.
Apply: Director of Nursing, Kitimot General Hospital.
Kitimat, British Columbia. 2-36-1
Royol Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, B.C., invites B.C.
Registor.d Nurs.s (or those .'igibl.) to apply for
positions in Medicine. Surgery and Psychiatry. Apply
to: Director of Nursing. Victoria, British Columbia.
2-76-4A
A Medical.Surgical HUrling Instrudor, with University
preparation, for a 450-bed hospital with a school of
nursing, 150 students. Apply: Sister Mary Ronalda,
M.N.. Director, School of Nursing, St. Joseph's Hos-
pital, Victoria, B.c. 2-76-5B
PSYCHIATRIC CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR required by
ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL, KAMLOOPS, British Col-
umbia. For further information write to: Director of
Nursing Education, Royal Inland Hospital, Kam-
loops, B.C. 2-81-2
REGISTERED, GRADUATE NURSES AND PRACTICAL
NURSES for modern 70-bed accredited hospital on
Voncouver Island, B. C. Resort area - home of the
tyee salmon - four hour. travelling time fo City of
Vancouver. RNABC policies and Union Contract in
effect. Residence accommodation available. Direct
enquiries to: Director of Nursing, Campbell River and
District General Hospital, Campbell River, British
Columbia. 2-9-1 A
GRADUATE NURSES for 24.bed hospital, 35-mi. from
Vancouver. on coast. salary and personnel prac.
tices in accord with RNABC. Accommodation availa-
ble. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital,
Squamist>, British Columbia. 2-68-1
I I
B_C. R.N. for G.n.ral Duty in 32 bed General Hospi-
ta'. RNABC 1967 salary rate $390 - $466 and fringe
benefits, modern, comfortable, nurses' residence in
attractive community close to Vancouver, B.C. For
application form write: Director of Nursing, Fraser
Canyon Hospital, R.R. I, Hope, B.C. 2.30- 1
GENERAL DUTY NURSES (Two) for active 66-bed
hospital, with new hOipital to open in 1968.
Active In-service programme. Salary range $372 to
$444 per month. Personnel policies according to
current RNABC contract. Hospital situated in beauti-
ful East Kootenays of British Columbia, with swim-
ming, golfing and skiing facilities readily available.
Apply to: The Director of Nursing, St. Eugene Hos-
pital, Cranbrook, British Columbia. 2-15.1
G.n.ral Duty Nurs.s for active 30-bed hospital.
RNABC policies and schedules in effect, also North-
ern allowance. Accommodations available in res.
idence. Apply: Director af Nursing, General Hospital,
Fort Nelson, British Columbia. 2-23.1
G.n.ral Duty NUrl.. for new 30-bed hospital
located in excellent recreational area. Salary and
personnel pol iciel in accordance with RNABC. Com.
fortabl. Nurses' home. Apply: Director of Nursing,
Boundary Hospital, Grand Forks, British Columbia.
2-27.2
G....ral Duty Nurs.. (2 immediately) for active,
26-bed hospital in the heart of the Rocky Mountains,
90 miles from Banff and Lake Louise. Accommoda-
tion avoilable in attractive nurses. residence. Apply
giving full details of training, experience, etc. to:
Administrator, Windermere District Hospital, Inver-
mere, British Columbia. 2-31.1
G.n.rat Duty Nurs.s for new 37-bed hospital.
Located in Southwest British Columbia. Salary and
personnel policies in accordance with RNABC. $390
to $466. Accommodation avoilable in residence. Apply
to: Director of Nursing, Nicola Valley General Hos-
pital, Box 129, Merritt, British Columbia. 2-41.1
GENERAL DUTY NURSES - for 109.bed hospitol in
expanding Northwestern British Columbia City. Salary
$405 to $481 for B.C. Registered Nurses with recogni-
tion for experience. RNABC contract in effect. Gradu-
ate Nurses not registered in B.C. paid $390. Benefits
include comprehensive medical and pension plans.
Travel allowance up to $60 refunded after one
yea,'s service. Comfortable modern residence accom.
modation at $15 per month, meols at cost. Apply to:
Director of Nursing, Prince Rupert General Hospital,
551-5th Avenue East, Prince Rupert, B.C. 2-58-2A
GENERAL DUTY NURSES - Salary - non - B.C.
registered $375 per month - B.C. registered $390-
$466, depending on experience. RNABC policies in
effect. Nurses' residence available. Group Medical
Heolth Plan. All winter and summer sports. Apply:
Director of Nursing, Cariboo Memorial Hospital. Wil-
liams Lake, British Columbia. 2.80-1 A
G.n.ral Duty O. R. and .xperi.nced Obstetrical
Nurs.. for modern, ISO-bed hospital located in the
beautiful Fraser Valley. Personnel policies in ac-
cordance with RNABC. APpl r. to: Director af Nursing,
Chilliwack General Hospifa, Chilliwack, British Co-
lumbia. 2-13-1
G.nerat Duty and Operating Room Nurs.s for 70-bed
Acute General Hospital on Pacific Coast. B.C. Regis.
tered $390 - $466 per month (Credit for experience).
Non B.C. Registered $375 - Practical Nurses B.C. Li-
censed $273 - $311 per month. Non Registered $253-
$286 per month. Board $20 per month, room $5.00 per
month. 20 paid holidays per year and 10 statutory
holidays after 1 year. Fare paid from Vancouver.
Superannuation and medical plans. Apply: Director of
Nursing.. St. George's Hospital, Alert Bay, British
Columbia. 2-2-1 A
General Duty, Operating Room and Experienced
Obst.trical Nurs.s for 434-bed hospitol with school
of nursing. Salary: $372-$444. Credit for past ex.
perience and postgraduate training. 40.hr. wk. Stat.
utory holidays. Annual increments; cumulative sick
leave; pension plan; 28-daYI annual vacation; B.C.
registration required. Apply: Director of Nursing,
Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, British
Columbia. 2-73-13
General Duty and experienced Operating Room
Nurse for 54-bed active hospital in northwes.ern
B.C. t967 solaries: B.C. Registered $405, Non-
Registered, $390, RNABC personnel policies in effect.
Planned rotation. New residence. room and board:
$50/m. T.V. and good social activities Write:
Director of Nursing. Box 1297. Terrace. British
Columbia. 2.70-2
THE CANADIAN NURSE 53
ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
ANNOUNCES VACANCIES
FOR
REGISTERED NURSES
The Ontario Department of Health has positions available for Registered Nurses (Ontario) as Ward Super-
visors and Ward Nurses at the following mental hospitals and hospital schools:
BROCKVILLE, COBOURG, EDGAR, GODERICH, HAMILTON, KINGSTON, LAKESHORE, LONDON, NORTH BAY,
OWEN SOUND, PALMERSTON, PENETANGUISHENE, PORT ARTHUR, ST. THOMAS, TORONTO, WHITBY,
WOODSTOCK.
SALARIES: WARD SUPERVISORS - $5,250 to $6,000
WARD NURSES - $5,000 to $5,500
NOTE: Eligibility for supervisory positions may depend on additional nursing training. Salaries above
minimum will be considered for previous experience and additional qualifications.
BENEFITS: Sick leave credits, vacation credits, excellent pension, subsidized health and life insurance plans,
annual salary increments.
(î)
ONTARIO
PROVINCE OF OPPORTUNITY
Interested applicants should apply to:
Director,
PERSONNEL AND ORCANIZATION
Ontario Department of Health,
Room 5424, Whitney Block,
Parliament Building, Toronto 5, Ontario.
MAIMONIDES HOSPITAL
AND HOME FOR THE AGED
AN OPPORTUNITY. e . .
A CHALLENGE.. e .
A NEW EXPERIENCE....
SUPERVISORS, STAFF NURSES, NURSING
ASSISTANTS, INSTRUCTORS, PSYCHIATRIC
NURSE:
We invite you to join the nursing ItaH of New Mai.
monides.
LIBERAL VACATION . . HEALTH AND
PENSION PLANS . . SALARIES COM-
MENSURATE WITH RECOGNIZED SCALES
Apply to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
5795 Caldwell Avenue
Montreal 29, Quebec
54 THE CANADIAN NURSE
DIRECTOR
OF SCHOOL OF NURSING
Applications are invited for the above position in a
School of Nursing intending to revise programme in
Fall of 1967 to a two year programme with a third
year of experience in hospital nursing service. The
School of Nursing is a new self-contained educational
building, opened in 1964, with enrollment of ap-
proximately 140 students.
Trent University is situated in Peterborough.
Minimum requirement - Bachelor's Degree. Salary
will be commensurate with qualifications and ex-
perience.
For further details apply to:
Chairman of Nursing Education Committee,
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC HOSPITAL
Peterborough, Ontario
APRIL 1967
r
BRITISH COLUMBIA
G.n.ral Duly and Op.rating Room Nu.... for
modern 450-bed hospital with School of Nursing.
RNASC policies in ..ffeet. Credit for past experience
and postgraduate uoining. British Cofumbia registra-
tion required. For porticu.ars write to: the Director of
Nursing .5ervlce. SI. Joseph"s Hospital, Victona, Br.tish
Columbia. 2-76-5
Graduat. Nur.e required for 26-bed hospital in sunny
8.e. interior, solory $410 per month with 28 days
annual vacation plus JO paid stats. Full room and
board in TV equipped re.idence $50 per month with
free uniform laundry. Apply: Director of Nursing,
Princeton General Ho.pital, Princeton, B.e. 2-59-1
GRADUATE NURSES: Join us at the booming center
of B.e.!! Surrounded by 50 beautiful loke. with
excellent boating, swimming, fishing plus all winter
sports. On hour's drive from Prince George, the
fostest growing city in Canado. Active 44-bed has.
pital cnd modern nurses' residence over looking the
picturesqee Nechako River. Starting salary $372 - $4
8,
recognition given for experience. Health and pension
plan, 4O-hr. week and 4 weeks vacation. Write. to:
Mrs. M. Grant, Director of Nursing, St. John Hospital,
Vanderhoof, British Columbia. 2-74-1
GRADUATE NURSES for bu.y 21-bed generol ho.pital
preferobly with obstetricol experience. Friendly at-
mosphere. beoutiful beaches. local curling club.
Own room and board $40 month. Ba.ic salary $357
or $372 pL s recognition for post graduate. eJ(-
perience. Apply Motron. Tofino General Hospital,
Tofino, Voncoever Island, B. e. 2-71-1
STOPI Summer is just around the corner and with
it Vacotion. & Stoff Chonges. Applications will be
received for positions on the staff of our modern
80-bed general ho.pital situated in the Fra.er Volley
convenient to Voncouver, Okanagan Valley. Van-
couver Island and Seattle. Accommodation avoilable
in Stoff Residence. RNABe. Personnel Policies in
effect. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Longley Me-
morial Hospital, Murrayville, B.e. 2-44.1
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES: B.e. Civil Service. Solary:
$476-$580 per month, cor provided. Interesting and
challenging professional service with opportunities for
tronsfer throughout beautiful B.e. Apply to: B.e.
Civil Service Commission, 544 Michigan Street,
VICTORIA, B.e.
COMPETITION No. 67:57. 2-76-7
MANITOBA
Dir.ctor of Nurses for up-to-date 38.bed ho.pital.
New nurses' residence of 1964 has separate nurses
suite availoble. Sick leave, pension plan and other
fringe benefits availoble. Personnel policies will be
sent on request. Enquiries should include experience,
qual ification. and salary expected, ond should be
Hospital District No. 24, Box 660, Altona, Manitoba.
addressed to: Mr.. O. Hamm, Administrator, Altona
3-1.1
Regi.t.red Nurs.: Required for 5O-bed general hospital
in Fort Churchill, Monitoba. Starting salary $500 per
month. Return fare from Winnipeg refunded after one
year's service. For particulars write to: Director of
Nursing, General Hospital, Fort Churchill, Manitoba.
3-75-1
Regi.t.red Nur..' for 18-bed ho.pital at Vito Manitoba,
70 miles from Winnipeg. Daily bus service. Salary
range $390 - $475, with allowonce for experience.
40 hour week, 10 statutory hol iday., 4 week. po id
vocation after one year. Full maintenance available
for $50 per month. Apply: Matron, Vito Di.trict
Hospital, Vito, Manitoba. 3-68-1
Registred Nurse: Position available, effective as soon
as pos.ible, at GLENBORO HOSPITAL a 16-bed
hospital, locoted 100 miles west of Winnipeg on
No. 2 Highway. Excellent residence accommodation
ovailable. Starting .alary January I, 1967 - $395
per month. Increments allowed for experience. Per-
lonnel Pol icy Manual ond application forms on
request with no obligation. Please forward all en-
quiries to: Mr. S. A. Oleson, Box 130, Glenboro,
Manitoba_ Telephone No. 115 or No. 17. 3-28-tA
Applications are invited from R.N.'. currently regis-
tered in Manitoba for the position of matron in
17-bed hospital at Grondview, Mon. Please .tate
salary expected. Some experience preferred and
allowance mode for same. Board and room avai.
lable in residence ot reasonable rates. Personnel po.
licies On request. Enquiries should include experience
and qual ificotions. Apply to: Grondview Hospital,
Box 8, Grandview, Mon. 3.29-1
REGISTERED NURSE FOR DOCTOR'S OFFICE: Co. for
APRIL 1967
j I
MANITOBA
personal u.e could be provided. Please send appli-
cation with references and information as to ex-
perience and expected salary to: Hanover Medical
Clinic, Steinboch, Manitoba. 3-59-2
Registered Nurse or Licensed Practical Nurse for
10-bed hospital. Starting .alary - R.N. $400; loP.N.
$276 or up according to experience. 40-hour week,
3 weeks vocation, 9 .tatutory holidays. For further
information apply: Miss D. Moore, Matron, Wawa-
nesa Hospital, Wawanesa, Manitoba. 3-69-1
Registered Nurses and Licensed Practical Nurles for
232.bed Children'. Ho.pital, with .chool of nursing;
active teaching center. Positions available on all
services. Apply: Director of Nursing, Children's Hos-
pitol, Winnipeg 3, Manitoba_ 3-72- J
REGISTERED NURSES for Gen.ral Duly in 20-bed
Ho.pitol. Solary range $405 to $490 per month. Liv.
ing accommodations available. Generous Personnel
Policies. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Reston Com-
munity Hospital, Reston, Manitoba. 3-46-2 A
General Duty Nurses for loo-bed active treatment hos-
pital. Fully occredited. 50 miles from Winnipeg on
Trans Canada Highway. Apply: Director of Nursing
Service, Portage District General Hospital, Portage Lo
Proirie. Manitoba. 3-45.t
General Duty Nurse required for Indian Residential
School of 200 pupil., 20 mile. from the Pos, Mon.
Boy. and girls aged 9 to 18, di.ease prevention
and core of minor illness, town hospitol and doctors
only 20 miles away. light duties, in-lodging. If
married, husband might find other iob in .chool.
Solary $400. for 10 .chool month. plu. 3 weeks
poid holidays. Write: Rev. Fr. L. Poirier, Principal,
Guy Indian School, Guy Hill, Mon. 3-29-2
NOVA SCOTIA
Dir.ctor for School 0' Nursing: 50 student.. Excellent
working conditions. Apply to: M. Jean Hemsworth,
Administrator, Glace Boy General Ho.pital, Gloce
Boy, Novo Scotia. 6-15-1
R.gi.ter.d and Graduat. Nur... for General Duty.
New hospital with all modern conveniences, also,
new nurses' residence available. South Shore Com-
munity. Apply to: Superintendant, Queens General
Hospital, liverpool, Novo Scotia. 6-20.1
Regi.t.rod Nur.e. for 21.bed hospital in pleasont
community Eostern Shore of Nova Scotia. Apply:
Superintendent, Eastern Shore Memorial Hospital,
Sheet Harbour, Novo Scotia. 6-32-1
REGISTERED NURSES for 53-bed medium and long-
term active treatment hospital in a progressive city.
Particulars on request. Apply to: Director of Nursing,
Halifax Civic Hospital, 5938 University Avenue, Hali-
fox, Novo Scotia. 6-t7-10 A
GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Position. available for
Registered Qualified General Duly Nurse. for 138.
bed active treatment hospital. Residence accom.
modation avoilable. Applications and enquiries will
be received by:: Director of Nursing, Blanchard-Fraser
Memorial Ho.pital, Kentville, Novo Scotia. 6-19.1
ONTARIO
Director of Nursing: Applications are invited for
the position of Director of Nursing effective April 1,
1967, for a well.equipped 42-bed General Hospital
located mid-way between Winnipeg and the Lake.
head in Northwestern Ontario. For full particulars
write to: Administrator, Sioux lookout General Hospi...
tal, P.O. Box 909, Sioux Lookout, Ontario. 7-119.IC
A..i.tant Director of Public H.alth Nur.ing for ex-
ponding Health Unit, generalized program in Wei-
land County. Duties to commence at mutual conev
nience, salary open, usual allowances and fringe
benefit.. Apply to: Director, Wellond and District
Health Unit, King Street at fourth, Weiland, Ontario.
7-141-2
R.gi.t.red Nurs. for 34.bed hospital, min. .alary
$387 with regular annual incrementa to maximum
of $462. 3-wk. vocation with pay; .ick leave after
6.mo. .orvice. All Stoff - 5 day 40.hr. wk. 9
statutory holidays, pen. ion plan and other beneii...
Apply to: Superintendont, Englehart & Di.trict Ho..
pitol, Englehart, Ontario. 7-40-1
I I
ONTARIO
REGISTERED NURSES required for 100-bed hospital in
the Model Town of the North. All usual fringe
benefit. available and a limited amount of livig-in
accommodation. Salary range for general duty nurses
$415 - $485 depending On qualifications and ex-
perience. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Sensenbren.
ner Hospital, Kapuskasing, Ontario. 7-62-1
REGISTERED NURSES (IMMEDIATELY) for a new 40-
bed hospital. Nurses' residence - private rooms with
both - $20 per month. Minimum .alary $415 plu.
experience allowance, 4 semi-annual increments.
Reply to: The Director of Nursing, Geraldton District
Hospital, Geraldton, Ontario. 7-50-1 A
Registered Nurses. Applications and enquiries are
invited for generol duty position. on the stoff of the
Manitouwadge General Ho.pital. Excellent .alary
and fringe benefits. Liberal policies regarding ac-
commodation and vacation. Modern well-equipped
33-bed hospital in new mining town, about 250-mi.
ea.t of Port Arthur ond north-we.t of White Rive.,
Ontario Pop. 3,500. Nurses' residence comprises indi-
vidual self-contained apts. Apply, stating qualifica.
tions, experience, age, marital status, phone number,
etc. to the Administrator, General Hospitol, Mani-
touwadge. Ontario. Phone 826-3251 7-74-1 A
REGISTERED NURSE with administrafive experience
required by nursing home located in outskirts of
Metropolitan Toronto - Living-in accommodotion
available if desired. For further information write
P.O. Box A, The Canadian Nurse, 50 The Driveway.
Ottowa 4, Onfario. 7-152-1 A
Registored Nurses: Basic salary $400 per month, and
full maintenance $45/m. Supervisory advancement
opportunnities. Resident accommodations availoble;
Hospital situated in tourist town off lake Huron.
For further information write: Superintendent, Sau-
geen Memorial Hospital, Southampton, Ontario.
7-122-1
REGISTERED NURSES required immediately for 53-
bed hospital. Minimum salary $400 plus. Three weeks
vacation, pension, I ife and medical insurance, 8
statutory holidays, 40 hour week. Air, fail and road
communication. Northern ho.pitality. Apply to: Direc.
tor of Nurses, Porcupine General Hospital, South
Porcupine, Onto 7-123.1
Algonquin Pari< camp for girl.: Requir. R.gi.t.red
Nur.e.. July and/or August. Single, under 50. Apply:
Camp Tanamakoon, 24 Wilberton Road, Toronto 7,
Ontario. HU. 1.3704. 7-133.72
Rogi.t.red Nu.... for t8-bed (expanding to 36 bed)
Generol Hospital in Mining and Resort town of 5,000
people. Beautifully located on Wawa Lake, 140 miles
north of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Wide variety of
summer and winter sports including swimming, boat-
ing, fishing, golfing, skating, curl ing and bowl ing.
Six churches of different failhs. Solaries comparable
with 011 northern ho.pitals. limited bed and board
ovailable ot reasonable rate. Excellent personnel
policies, pleasant working conditions. Apply to:
Director of Nursing, The Lady Dunn General Hospital,
Box 179, Wowa, Ontario. 7-140-1 B
Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants
for 100-bed General Hospital, situated in Northern
Ontario. Salary range $415 - $455 per month, RNA'.
$273 - $317 per month, .hift differential, annual
increments, 40 hour week, OHSC and P.S.I. plan. in
effect. Accommolation available in residence if
desired. For full particulars apply to: The Director
of Nurses, lady Minta Hospital, Cochrane, Ontario.
7.30.1 B
Registered Nurses and Regiltered Nursing Allistants
for 160-bed accredited ho.pitol. Starting salary $415
and $285 re.pectively with regular annual incre-
ments for both. Excellent personnel policie.. Re.id-
ence accommodation avoilable. Apply to: Director of
Nursing, Kirkland & District Hospital, Kirkland Lake,
Ontario. 7-67-1
Registered Nurs_ and Registered Nursing Assistanh
for 123.bed accredited hospital. Starting salary $400
and $255 re.pectively with regular increments for
both. U.ual fringe benefits. For full information,
apply to: Director of Nursing, Dufferin Area Hos.
pital, Orangeville, Ontario. Phone 941-2410. 7-90-1
Regi.tered Nur... and R.gi.t.red Nursing A..i.tants:
Applications are invited from R. N's and R. N. Ass'ts.
who ore interested in returning to "nursing at the
bedside" in a well-equipped General Ho.pital. excel-
lent starting salaries and fringe benefits now. Further
increase January 1, 1967. Residence accommodation if
de. ired. for full particular. write to: Director of
Nursing, Sioux Lookout General Hospital, P. O. Box
909, Sioux Lookout, Ontario. 7-119-1 A
THE CANADIAN NURSE 55
ONTARIO
Registored Nur
es and Registerod Nursing Allistants,
for 100-bed General Hospital, situated in northern
Ontaria. Starting salary, Registered Nurses $390 per
month. Registered Nursing Assistants 5273 per month,
shift differential, annual increment, 40 hour week.
O. H. A. pension plan and group' life insurance,
O. H. S. C. and P. S. I. plans in effect. Accammada.
tion available in residence if desired. For full par-
tIculars apply: The Directar af Nurses, Lady Minto
Hospitol, Cochr<.ne, Ontario. 7-30-1 A
Regist.rod Nurses and Regist.red Nursing Assistants
are invited to make application to our 75-bed,
modern General Hospital. You will be in the Vaca.
tionland of the North, midway between the Lakehead
and Winnipeg, Manitoba. Basic wage for Registered
Nurses is $408 and for Registered Nursing Assistants
is $285 with yearly increments and consideration for
experience. Write or phone: The Director of Nursing,
Dryden District General Hospital, DRYDEN, Ontario.
7-26-IA
Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing ASlistants
for 83-bed General Hospital in French speaking Com-
munity of Northern Ontario. R.N:s salary: $420 to
$465/m., 4 weeks vacation, 18 sick leave days and
R.N.A:s salary: $300 to $340/m., 2 weeks vacation
and 12 sick leave days. Unused sick leave are paid
at 100 0/0. Rooming accommodations available in
Town ond meals served at the Hospital. Excellent
personnel pol ides. Apply to: Director of Nursing,
Notre-Dame Hospital, Hearst, Ontario. 7-58-1
REGISTERED NURSES and REGISTERED NURSING
ASSISTANTS for General Duty in a new 35-bed
General Hospital in Western Ontario. Excellent per.
sonnel policies, modern nurses' residence. Salary
commensurate with experience and qualifications.
Apply to: Administrator, Louise Marshall Hospital,
Mount Forest, Ontario. 7.82-1
Registered Nursel and Registered Nursing Assiltants.
Starting Salary for R.N. is $415 and for R.N.A. is $300.
AII
wance for experience. Excellent fringe benefi1s.
w.rrte: Mrs
. Gordon, Superintendent, Nipigon Dis-
tnct Memonal Hospitol, Box 37, Nipigon, Ontario.
7.87-1
Registered Nurses for General Staff and Operating
Room. Accredited 235-bed, modern, General Hospital.
Good personnel policies. Beginning salary $400 per
month, re
ogniti.on for experience, annual bonus plan.
Planned in-service programs. Assistance with trans-
port.ation. Apply: Director of Nursing, Sudbury Me.
monal Hospital, Regent Street, S., Sudbury, Ontario.
7.127.4 A
Registered or Graduate Nurses, required for modern
92-bed hospitol. Residence accommodation $20 month.
Iy. Overseas nurses welcome. Lovely old Scottish
Town near Ottawa. Apply: Director of Nursing, The
Greot War Memorial Hospital, Perth, Ontario. 7-100-2
Registered N,!rses for General Duty in well.equipped
28-bed hospItal, located in growing gold mining
and tourist area, north of Kenora, Ontario. Modern
re
idence with individual rooms; room, board and
unIform laundry only $50/m, 40-hr. wk., nO split shift
cumulative sick time, B statutory holidays and 2å
day paid vacation after one year. Starting salary
$430. Apply to: Matron, Margaret Cochenour Memo-
rial Hospital, Cochenour, Ontario. 7-29-1
Registered Nurses for General Duty and Operating
Room, in modern 100-bed hospital, situated 40 miles
from Ottowo. Excellent personnel policies. Residence
occommodation avoilable. Apply to: Director of
Nursi
g, Smiths Falls Public Hospital, Smiths Falls,
Ontaroo. 7.120-2A
Registered Nurses fer General Duty in lOO-bed hos-
pitol, located 30-mi. from Ottawa, are urgently reo
Quired. Good personnel policies, accommodation
available in new stoff residence. Apply: Director of
Nu
sing, District Memorial Hospital, Winchester, On-
taroo. 7-144.1
General Staff Nurses and Registered Nursing Assis-
tants are required for a modern, well-equipped General
Hospitol currently expanding fo 167 beds. Situated in
a progressive community in South Western Ontario, 30
miles from Windsor-Detroit Border. Salary scaled to
experience and qualifications. Excellent employee
benefits and working conditions plus an opportunity
to work in a Patient Centered Nursing Service. Write
for further information to: Miss Patricia McGee, B.
Sc.N., Reg.N. Director of Nursing. Leamington District
Memorial Hospital, Leamington, Ontario. 7-69-1 A
OPERATING ROOM NURSES (2) lor a fully aC-
credited 70.bed Generol Hospital. For Operating
Room Duty. Salary according to experience. Apply to:
O.R. Supervisor. Penetanguishene General Hospital,
Penetanguilhene, Ontario. 7-99-2
56 THE CANADIAN NURSE
I I
ONTARIO
General Duty Nurses for 66-bed General Haspital.
Start!ng salary: .$40
/m. Excellent personnel policies.
Pension plan, life Insurance, etc., residence accom.
modation. Only 10 min. from downtown Buffalo.
Apply: Director of Nursing, Douglas Memorial Hos.
pital, Fort Erie, Ontario. 7-45.t
General Duty Nurses for active General 77-bed Hos.
pitol in heart of Muskoka Lakes area: salary range
$400 . $460 with consideration for previous experience;
excellent personnel policies and fringe benefits:nurses.
residen
e a
ail
ble. App.ly to: I?irector of Nursing,
HuntsvIlle Dlstroct Memorial HospItal Huntsville On-
tario. '1-59.1
General Duty Nurses for JOO.bed modern hospital.
Southwestern Ontario, 32 mi. from London. Salary
commensurate with experience and ability. $39B/m
basic salary. Pension plan. Apply giving' full par.
tlculars to: The Director of Nurses, District Memorial
Hospital, Tillsonburg, Ontario. 7-131-1
General Duty NUllel, Certified Nursing Allistant. &
Operating Room Technician (1) for new 50-bed hos.
pital with modern equipment, 40-hr. wk., B statutory
holidays, excellent personnel policies & opportunity
for advoncement. Tourist town on Georgian Bay.
Good bus connections to Toronto. Apply to: Director
of Nurses, General Hospital, Meaford, Ontario. 7-79-1
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES for generalized program.
Minimum salary $5,150 with allowance for previous
experience and annual increments. Cumulative sick
leave plan. Hospitalization, P.S.I. and Pension Plan
available. Liberal transportation allowance and holi-
days. Apply to: A.E. Thoms, M.D., Director, Leeds
and Grenville Health Unit, 70 Charles Street, Brock.
ville, Ontario. 7.18-4
Public Health Nurses - General program, salary
range $5,030 to $6,148 plus cost of living bonus,
presently 3%. Starting salary related to experience.
Generous car allowance, cumulative sick leave
month vacation. Employer shared O.M.E.R.S. and
Canada Pension Plan, medical and hospital insurance.
Apply to: Dr. E.G. Brown, M.O.H., Kent County
Health Unit, Chafham, Onfaria. 7-24-4
Public Health Nurse - qualified. Salary schedule
$5,280 to $6,780. Shared pension plan, hospitaliza-
tion and P.S.I. Car provided or car allowance.
Apply to:: Dr. Charlotte M. Horner, Director, North-
umberland.Durham Health Unit, Box 337, Cobourg,
Ontario. 7-28-4
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES (qualified) requirel for
Health Unit situated on Lake Huron. Present staff
to be increased in order to provide an increased
geriatric service to the community. Salary $5,100.
$6,300, with allowance for experience. One month
vacation after one year; car allowance; cost of
medical and hospital ization insurance shared by
employer. Apply fo: Director and Medical Officer
of Health, Huron County Health Unit, Goderich,
Ontario. 7-51-2
Public Health Nurses (Bilingual) for rural health unit.
Minimum salary: $5,200 with annual increments. Al-
lowance for experience. Car allowance, pension plan,
hospitalisotion insurance, P.S.1. Apply to: Dr. R. G.
Grenon, Director, Prescott and Russell Health Unit,
P. O. Box 273, L'Orignal, Ontaria. 7-73.14
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES (QUALIFIED) Stoff
positions available in the City of Oshowa. Duties to
commence as loon as possible. Generalized program
in an offjcial agency. Salary $5,658 to $6,507.
Beginning salary according to experience. Liberal
personnel policies and fringe benefits. Apply to: Mr.
D. Murroy, Personnel Officer, City Hall, 50 Centre
Street, Oshawa, Ontario. 7-92-2 A
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES for scenic urban and rural
Ottawa Valley Tourrist Area. Good summer and
health unit, close to the Capitol City in fhe Upper
winter recreational facilities. Salary range $5,200-
$6,100. Allowance for experience and/or degree.
Usual fringe benefits. Direct enquiries to: Dr. R. V.
Peters, Director, Renfrew Caunty Health Unit, 169
William Street, Pembroke, Ontario. 7-98-2 A
Public Health Nurses for expanding Health Unit,
generalized program, in Weiland- County, duties to,
CommenCe at mutual convenience. For personnel
policcies, salaries and other information. Apply to:
Director, Weiland and District Health Unit, King
Street at Fourth, Weiland, Ontario. 7-141-2 A
Nurses (2) required by girl's summer camp for
period June 28 - August 24. Camp located on
Eagle Lake, 40 miles north of Kingston, Ont. For
further information contact: Mrs. C. Labben, 3 Pine
Forest Road, Toronto 12, Onfario. 7-133-71
nurses
who want to
nurse
At York Central you can JOin
an active, interested group of
nurses who want the chance to
nurse in its broadest sense. Our
126-bed. fully accredited hospi-
tal is young. and already talking
expansion. Nursing is a profes-
sion we respect and we were the
first to plan and develop a unique
nursing audit system; new mem-
bers of our nursing staff do not
necessarily start at the base salary
of $372 per month but get added
pay for previous years of work.
There are opportunities for gain-
ing wide experience, for getting
to know patients as well as staff.
Situated in Richmond Hill, all
the cultural and entertainment fa-
cilities of Metropolitan Toronto
are available a few miles to the
South. " and the winter and
summer holiday and week-end
pleasures of Ontario are easily
accessible to the North. If you
are really interested in nursing.
you are needed and will be made
welcome.
Apply in person or by mail to the
Director of Nursing.
YORK
CENTRAL
HOSPITAL
RICHMOND HILL.
ONTARIO
NEW STAFF RESIDENCE
APRIL 1967
ONTARIO
Public Health Nurses for generalized programme in
o Co
nty-City Heolth Unit. Solory schedule os of
Jon
ory I, 1967, 55,100 to 56,100. 20 doys vocotion_
Employer shored pension pion, P.S.I. ond hospitol-
izotion. Mileage allowance or unit corso Apply to:
M"ss Veronica O'Leary, Supervisor of Public Health
Nursing, Peterboro
gh County-City Heo"h Unit, P.O.
80x 246, Peferborough, Ontorio. 7-101-4A
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE (Quolified) for generolized
progromme. Solory Ronge 55,200 - 56,400 occording
to experience. Salaries negotiated annually. Personnel
Policies on request. Apply in writing to: Miss Beatrice
Wholley, S
pervisor of P
blic Heolth Nursing, Woterloo
Co
nty Heo"h Unit 109 Argyle St., S., Preston, Ontorio_
lO-t09-2
Public Health Nursel for generol progromme. Solory
ronge 55,100 to 56,300. Personnel policies include cor
expense, Orners and Canada pension pions, group
life insurance, 50 % of P.S.I. and hospital insurance,
cumulative sick leave pion and liberal vacation.
Apply to: Dr_ G.L. Anderson, Director, The Lombton
HeoUh Unit, 333 George Street, Sornio, Ontorio.
7-114-3
QUEBEC
NURSE for Children'l Summer Camp, locoted neor
Sre. Agothe, Que., well equipped infirmary, private
living quarters, excellent facilities. Apply to: Mr. R.
Lozonik, Pine Volley Comp, 5465 Queen Mory Rood,
suite 460, Montreol 29, Quebec. 9-47-67
Regiltered Nurlel (2) needed for childrens cooed
summer omp, June 23rd through August 20th -
Laurentian region. doctor on staff - excellent
focilities Write: Sy Bekoff: Y.M.-Y.W.H.A., 5500
Westb
ry Ave., Montreol, Que. 9-47-55
Regilt.,ed Nurl.. for 56-bed occredited Generol
Hospital. Accommodation available in motel type
residence complete with outdoor swimming pool.
Solories os opproved by Q.H.I.S. Apply: Director of
Nursing. The Barrie Memorial Hospital. Ormstown.
Quebec. 9-52-1
SASKATCHEWAN
DIRECTOR OF NURSING for 48-bed hospitol com-
pleted in 1963. Will be responlible for the odmin.
Istration of all nursing activities as well os pharmacy
and central suppl ies control. District located near a
noted summer resort. Excellent salary and fringe
benefits depending on quolifications and experience.
Duties to commence on or before JuJy 3J. J967.
Apply in writing or phone 667-2611 to: N.R. Wer-
szok. Administrotor. Maple Creek Union Hospital. Ba)(
1330, Mople Creek, Soskotchewon. to-78-1
Director of Nurse. required for a 30
bed Generol
Hospital with a medical stoff of three. Living-in
occommodations avoilable in modern nurses. resi-
dence. Sick leave. pension plan. personnel policies
and other fringe benefits. Salary open to negotia-
tio-:,. Enquiries should include experience. quolifi-
cotlons, and salory expected and addressed to: The
Administrotor. Unity Union Hospital. Unity. Sask.
10-126-1
Clinical Inltructors needed. Excellent personnel po.
licies. active clinical facilities. 275 students. Two
year educational program. For further information
write to: Associate Director of Nursing Education.
School of Nursing. Regina General Hospital. Regina.
Saskotchewon. 10-109-6
Regiltered Nurl.1 and Certified Nursing Alliltanh
for 450-bed Generol Hospitol. Positions ovoiloble
in all clinical and specialty areas. Saskatchewan
Registered Nurses. Association recommended policies
in effect. Recognition given for experience. Must be
eligible for Saskatchewan registration and/or certifi.
cotion. Apply to: Director of Nursing Service. Regina
Grey Nuns. Ho.pital. 410J Dewdney Avenue, Regina,
Soskotchewon. 10.109-7
Registered NUl'les and Certified Nurling Allistantl
for 750-bed hospitol, close to downton. Building ond
expansion program in progress. SRNA recommended
salaries in effect. Experience recognized. Progressive
personnel policies. Apply: Nursing Recruitement Of-
ficer. Regina General Hospital, Regina, Saskatchewan.
General Duty and Operating Room Nursel, allo
Certified Nurling ASlistants for 560-bed University
Hospital. Salary commensurate with e)(perience and
preporations. Excellent personnel policies. Excellent
opportunities to engage in progressive nursing. Ap-
ply: Director of Personnel, University Hospital. Sas.
kotoon, SOlkotchewon. 10-116-4A
APRIL 1967
I I
UNITED STATES
Regiltered Nurl.. wonted for 78-bed Generol Hos-
pitol. Storting solories ot 5525 per month with
regulor increments and shift differential. Good per-
sonnel policies. Social activities include skiing and
booting. Must be eligible for Alaska registration.
Apply to: The Director of Nursing Service, St. Ann',
Hospitol, 419 - 6th Street, Juneou, Alosko 99801.
15-2-3
REGISTERED NURSES - CALIFORNIA Progressive hos-
pita' in San Joaquin Valley has openings for R.N.'s.
Located between San Francisco and Los Angeles n&ar
mountoin, ocean and desert resorts. Paid vacation.
paid sick leave. paid Blue Cross. disobility insurance,
voluntary retirement plan. Salary range from $500 to
5700 monthly. Write: Personnel Director, Mercy Hos-
pitol, Bokersfield, Colifornio. 15-5-58A
REGISTERED NURSES - Southern Colifornio - Op-
portunities available - 368-bed modern hospital in
Medical-Surgicol, Labor and Delivery, Nursey, Oper-
ating Room and Intensive and Coronory Care Units.
Good solory ond liberol fringe benefits. Continuing
Inservice education program. Located 10 miles from
Los Angeles near skiing. swimming, cultural and edu-
cational facilities. Temporary living accommodotions.
Apply: Director of Nursing Service, Soint Joseph
Hospitol, Burbonk, Colifornio 91503. t5-5-63
Registered Nurses. Career satisfaction. interest and
professional growth unlimited in modern, JCAH oc-
credited 243-bed hospitol. Locoted in one of Colifor-
nia.s finest oreas, recreotional. educational and cul-
tural advantages are yours as weJJ as wonderful
year-round climate. If this combinotion is what
you're looking for, contact us now!Stoff nurse en-
trance solary above $500 per month; increases to
$663 per month; supervisory positions at highest
rotes. Speciol oreo ond shift differentiols to 550 per
month poid. Excellent benefits include free heo"h
and life Insurance retirement, credit union ond liberol
personnel policies. Professional staff appointments
availoble in 011 cllnicol oreas to those eligible for
Californio licensure. Write today: Director of Nursing.
Eden Hospitol. 20103 Loke Chobot Rood, Costro Vol-
ley, Colifornio. 15-5-12
Regilterod Nurl": The Los Angeles County Generol
Hospital hos opportunities in all clinical areaS. We
invite your enquiries about positions available in pre-
mature nursery, neuro-surgery. pediotrics, operating
room and recovery room, as well as general medical
or surgical words. Several speciolty programs are
planned for J967. Starting salory with one year's ex.
perience in an accredited hospital is $59J per month,
5624 offer six months. Addifionol poy for 0 degree.
Evening bonus approximately $60 per month. Night
bonus $50. Living quarters available on hospitol
grounds for ot leost 90 doys_ We will help you with
Californio Registration. For further informotion.
write: Mrs. Dorothy Eosley, Box 1311 CN. Los Angeles
County Generol Hospitol, 1200 North Stote Street, Los
Angeles, Coljfornio 90033. 15-5-3 E
REGISTERED NURSES Opportunities avoiloble ot
415-bed hospito' in Medicol-Surgicol, Lobor ond
Delivery, Intensive Core. Operating Room and Psy-
chiatry. No rototion of shift. good salary, evening
ond night differentiols, liberol fringe benefits.
Temporory living accommodotions ovoilobJe. Apply:
Miss Dolores Merrell, R.N., Personnel Director, Queen
of Angels Hospitol, 2301 Bellevue Avenue, Los
Angeles 26, Colifornio. 15-5-3G
REGISTERED NURSES - SAN FRANCISCO Children's
Hospitol ond Adult Medicol Center hospitol for men.
women and children. California registrotion required.
Opportunities in all clinical oreas. Excellent salaries,
differentiols for evenings and nights. Holidays, vaco-
tions. sick leave. life insurance, health insurance and
employer. paid pension-plan. Appl ications ond details
furnished on request. Contad Personnel Director, Chif-
dren.s Hospital. 3700 California Street, San Francisco
18, Colifornio. 15-5-4
REGISTERED NURSES: Mount Zion Hospitol ond Me-
dicol Center.s increased salary scales now double our
ottraction for nurses who find they can afford to live
by the Golden Gate. Expansion has created vacancies
for stoff and specialty assignments. Address enquiry
to: Personnel Department. 1600 Divisadero Street, San
Francisco. California 94115. An equal opportunity em.
ployer. 15-5-4 C
REGISTERED NURSES - Generol Duty for 84.bed
JCAH hospital 1 Y2 hours from San Francisco. 2
hours from Loke Tohoe. Storting lolory 5510/m.
with differentioll. Apply: Director of Nurlel, Mem-
oriol HOlpitol, Woodlond, Colifornio. 15-5.49B
I I
UNITED STATES
Registered Nurses - California. Expanding, accredit
ed 303-bed hospitol in medicol center of Southern
California. University city. Mountain - ocean resort
area. Ideal year-round climate. smog free. Starting
solory 56,300. With experience, 56,600. Fringe bene-
fits, shift differential. initial housing allowance.
Wide variety rentals available. For details on Coli-
fornia License and Visa. write: Director of Nursing,
Cortoge Hospitol, 320 W. Pueblo Street, Sonto Bor.
boro, Colifornio 93105. 15-5-39 A
Staff Duty palitianl (Nurs..) in privote 403.bed
hospitol. Liberol perlonnel policiel ond solory. S
b-
stantiol differential for evening and night duty_
Write: Personnel Director, Hospitol of The Good
Somoriton, 12 J 2 Sho"o Street, Los Angelel 17,
Colifornio_ 15-5-31\
Prof.slionna. Nurses - for immediate openings in
274.bed generol hospifol. Liberol fringe benefits_
Enjoy interesting, challenging position in the ideal
climote of Sonto Monico Boy. Apply: Director of
Nursing. Santa Monica Hospital. 1250. Sixteenth
Street, Sonto Monica, Colifornio. 15.5-40
Nurl.. for new 75.bed Generol Hospitol. Resort
areo. Ideal climate. On beautiful Pacific ocean.
Apply to: Director of Nurses, 50uth Coost Com-
munity HOlpitol, South Loguno, Colifornio. 15-5-50
Wanted - G.....al Duty Nurlel. Applicofionl now
being taken for nursing positions in a new addi-
tion to the existing hospital including surgery, cen-
trol sterile ond supply, generol duty. Salory 5475
per month plus fringe benefits. Contoct: Director of
Nurses, Alamosa Community Hospital Alamosa,
Colorodo. 15-6-1
REGISTERED NURSES: for 75-bed oir conditioned
hospitol, growing community. Storting lolory 5330-
$365/m. fringe benefits, vocation, sick leave, holi-
days, life insurance, hospitalization. J meal furnish-
ed. Write: Administrotor, Hendry Generol Hospitol,
Clewiston, Florido. 15-10-1
NURSES, Regilt..ed, for modern 360-bed hospitol.
Openings available in all areas. medicine-surgery.
delivery room, nursery, and postpartum. Near Wayne
State University, and an integral part of the new
Medico' Center. Solory 5550 to $635 per month
plus differential for ofternoon and night. Premium
poy for weekends. Good fringe benefits including
Blue Cross ond Life I nsuronCe. Apply: Personnel
Diroctcr,. Hutzel Hospital formerly Woman's Hospital),
432 Eost Honcock, Detroit, Michigon 48201. 15-23-1 F
REGISTERED NURSES: Come to Lubbock, Texos,
U.S.A. A city of over 60,000 populotion with on
excellent University of 20,000 studentl ond 0 lorge
Air Force Base. Positions open in a progressive
generol hospitol of 400 beds, J.C.A.H. occredited.
Positions open in intensive care unit, cardiac care
unit, operating room. psychiotric and general medical
ond lurgicol for 3-11 ond 11-7 Ihiffl. Storting 10Jory
of 5550_00 per month for rototing shifts of 3-11 ond
11-7 with 0 $15.00 roise in three monthl ond on
onnuol increol. of 520.00 per month. Contoct Per.
lonnel Deportment, Methodist Hospilol, 3615 19th
Street, Lubbock, Toxol 79410. 15-44.8
RED CROSS
IS ALWAYS THERE
WITH YOUR HELP
THE CANADIAN NURSE 57
THE ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
ANNOUNCES A VACANCY
AT THE
ONTARIO HOSPITAL. PORT ARTHUR
FOR
DIRECTOR OF NURSINC
SALARY: $8,600 - $10,000
DUTIES: Directly responsible to the medical Superintendent; administers the hospital's nursing programme.
QUALIFICATIONS: Registration as a nurse in Ontario; possession of a Bachelor of Nursing degree, com-
prehensive knowledge of nursing and of hospital policies and administration; several
years of progressively responsible supervisory and administrative experience.
BENEFITS: Sick leave credits, vacation credits, excellent pension, subsidized health and life insurance plans,
annual salary increments.
ONTARIO
PROVINCE OF OPPORTUNITY
Interested applicants should apply to:
Director of Personnel and Organization,
Room 5424,
Whitney Block, Parliament Buildings,
Toronto 5, Ontario.
SCHOOL OF NURSING
BRO C KVILLE
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Requires
DIRECTOR OF SCHOOL
OF NURSING
TEACHERS
For the recently approved two year curriculum with
a third year of experience in nursing service. You
will enjoy participating in the development of a
progressive school which emphasizes planned learn-
ing experiences for the students. Theory is taught
concurrent with clinical experience.
Qualifications: Bachelor of Science in Nursing
or Diploma in Nursing Education
or Diploma in Public Health Nursing
Excellent salaries and personnel policies.
You would enjoy living in the attractive "City of
the Thousand Islands" two and one half hours from
Expo 67.
REQUIRED FOR
DISTRICT SCHOOL OF NURSING
Minimum Requirement - B. Sc. N., with five years
experience, two of these in Nursing Education.
Apply to:
Mr. Harold Swanson, Chairman,
For further information contact:
The Director, School of Nursing
BROCKVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL
Brockville, Ontario
BOARD OF NURSING EDUCATION
220 Clarke Street
WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO
58 THE CANADIAN NURSE
APRIL 1967
UNITED STATES
Regist.red Nurses needed for rapidly expanding gen.
eral hospital on the beautiful Peninsula near San
francisco. Outstanding policies and benefits,. includ.
ing temporary accommodations at low cost. paid
hospital and major medical insurance, fully refund..
able retirement plan, libera' shift differentials, no
rotation, exceptional in-service and orientation pro-
grams, generous sick leave and vocation accrual.
sick leave conversion to vacation, tuition reimburse
ment, ond poid life insuronce. Solory ronge: $598.
sn7. Contoct: Personnel Administrator, Peninsula
Hospitol, 1783 EI Comino Reol, Burlingome, Colifor.
nio 94010. 15.5-20 C
REGISTERED NURSES: Excellent opportunity for od.
vancement in atmosphere of medical excellence. Pro..
gressive patient care including Intensive Core and
Cordioc Core Units. Finely equipped growing 200.
bed suburban community hospital iust on Chicogo.s
beoutiful North Shore. Completely oir conditioned
furnished apartments. paid vacation. after six months.
stoff development progrom, ond liberol fringe bene-
fits. Storting solory from $466. Differentiol of $30
for nights or evenings. Contact: Donald L. Thomp.
son. R. N., Director of Nursing, Highland Park Hos-
pitol, Highlond Park, Illinois 60035. 15-14-3 A
I I
UNITED STATES
Regist.red Nurses and C.rtified Nurting Astistants.
Opening in several areas, all shifts. Every other week-
end off, in small community hospital 2 miles from
Boston. Rooms available. Hospital paid life insurance
ond other liberol fringe benefits. RN solory $100 per
week, plus differentiol of $20 for 3-11 p.m. ond
11.7 o.m. shifts. CN. Ass'ts. $80 weekly plus $10 for
3.11 p_m. ond 11-7 o.m. shifts. Write: Miss Byrne,
Director of Nurses. Chelsea Memmorial Hospital.
Chelseo. Mossochusetts 02150. 15-22-1 C
WEST INDIES
Registored Graduat. Nurse, who wish to gain valu
able and intEresting experience in the semi tropical
country of Haiti. Hopital Albert Schweitzer. Arti-
bonite Volley near St_ More is 0 well-equipped
modern hospital. 160 average daily census. medical.
surgical. pediatric wards and daily clinics. Two
year contract. $150 per month with transportation
to and from point or origin. maintenance. medical
core os provided ot hospitol. Compensotory doy off
for any holiday worked; there are at least 17 na-
tional and religious holidays in Haiti. The nurse is
entitled to a vacation allowance at the rate of two
doys for eoch full colendor month worked. Write:
Miss Wolborg L. Peterson, P_O. Box 2213-B, Port.ou-
Prince, Hoiti. 17-1-2
"
NIGHT NURSE?
University Hospital is pleased to announce that starting pay for night
nurses now ranges from $30.00 to $33.00 per shift ($7,830 to $8,613
for an annual starting salary)-depending on education and experience.
After 4 years service, night nurse salaries range up to $9,396.00
per year. The base pay for permanent evening and rotating tours
has also been increased plus excellent University Staff benefits are
offered to all nurses.
University Hospital has a Service Department which assigns trained
personnel to handle paperwork and other non-nursing chores,
relieving our nurses for patient care exclusively.
Ann Arbor is nationally known as a Center of Culture with emphasis on
art, music and drama-and recognized as an exciting and desirable
community in which to live.
Write to Mr. George A. Higgins, A6001, University Hospital,
University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor. Michigan for
more information, or phone collect (313) 764-2172.
We are an Equal Opportunity Employer
UNIVERSITY OF
MEDICAL CENTER,
MICHIGAN
ANN ARBOR
APRIL 1967
ONTARIO SOCIETY
FOR
CRIPPLED CHILDREN
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Invites applications from Public
Health Nurses who have at least
2 years experience in general-
ized public health nursing, pre-
ferably in Ontario.
INTERESTING AND VARIED
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES
IN AN EXPANDING PROGRAM
INCLUDE:
. an opportunity to work direct-
ly with children, their parents,
health and welfare agencies,
and professional groups
. participation in arranging
diagnostic and consultant cli-
nics
. assessing the needs of the
individually handicapped child
in relation to services provided
by Easter Seal Clubs and the
Society.
Attractive salary schedule with
excellent benefits. Car provided.
Pre-service preparation with sa-
lary.
Apply in writing to:
Director, Nursing Service,
350 Rumsey Road,
Toronto 17, Ontario
THE CANADIAN NURSE S9
diploma or degree nurse
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Go South to Syracuse and See!
You II hnd friends af State UnIversity
Hosplt;,1 of the Upstate Medical Center
at Syracuse. a modern 350-bed teaching
hospital in the Canadians favorite U.S.
city
You II also find a helpful administration.
professional level salaries (up to $6 476
fo start, depending on your Qualifying
education and experience).
Fine benefits. too Eleven paId holIdays.
13to 20 paid vacation days. sound three-
way health insurance plan and special
collegiate educatIon programs
Above all, you'll find patient-centered
educational atmosphere in which you II
best have the opportunity to be the kind
of nurse you want to be. and receive the
rewards you deserve.
STATE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF THE UPSTATE MEDICAL CENTER AT SYRACUSE, N. Y.
.
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CN-4 (date) (time) .
. 0 Please send me application forms
MIss Adele WnRht, R.N.
. Director of Nursing $er\/.ces Name .
State University Hospital of the Ad dr ess
Upstate Medical Center at
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THE HOSPITAL
FOR
SICK CHILDREN
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OFFERS:
I. Satisfying experience.
2. Stimulating and friendly en-
vironment.
3. Orientation and In-Service
Education Program.
4. Sound Personnel Policies
5. liberal vacation.
APPLICATIONS FOR REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS INVITED.
For detailed information
please write to:
The Assistant Director
of Nursing
AUXILIARY STAFF
555 University Avenue
Toronto, Ontario, Canado
APRIL 1967
HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
HOSPITAL -
Newly expanded 350-bed hospital. Progressive patient care con-
cept.
SALARY -
General Staff Nurses (Currently Registered in Ontario) $400.00
$480. - 5-increments.
Registered Nursing Assistants (Currently Registered in Ontario)
$295.00 - $331.00, - 3 increments.
HOUSING -
Furnished apartments available at subsidized rates.
JOB SATISFACTION -
High quality patient care and friendly working environment. We
appreciate our personnel and encourage their professional develop-
ment.
You are invited to enquire concerning employment opportunities to:
Director of Nursing
HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
200 Church Street, Weston, Ontario
Telephone 249-8111 (Toronto)
CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL
requires immediately
REGISTERED GENERAL DUTY NURSES
This is a modern 1,000-bed hospital including a new
200-bed convalescent-rehabilitation section. Benefits
include Pension Plan, sick leave, and shift differen-
tial plus a liberal vacation policy and salary range
$380 - $450 per month commensurate with training
and experience.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing Service
CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL
Calgary, Alberta
THE CANADIAN NURSE 61
THE ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
HAS
TEACHINC OPPORTUNITIES
AT THE
SCHOOL OF NURSING
ONTARIO HOSPITAL. KINGSTON
Teaching positions available in medical-surgical nursing, paediatric nursing and psychiatric nursing. the
educational program of the School of Nursing is stimulating; creativity is encouraged.
QUALIFICATIONS AND SALARY:
Registration as a nurse in Ontario, with -
a) diploma in teaching and supervision, or, completion of at least a one
year university course which includes the principles of teaching.
SALARY: $5,750 to $6,600.
or, preferably
b) B.Sc.N. degree,
SALARY: $6,150 to $7,000
BENEFITS: Sick leave credits, vacation credits, excellent pension fund
and subsidized health and insurance plan.
For further information, apply to:
Director of Personnel and Organization,
Room 5424r Whitney Block,
Parliament Buildings r Toronto r Ontario.
@
ONTARIO
PROVINCE OF OPPORTUNITY
A valuable
contribution to the
Health professions
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF THE
SICKBED
Bv 1. H. VAN DEN BERG, M.D., PH.D.
An approach to the meaning of illness
for physicians, nurses and visitors.
o The author gives us a path to the
sickbed - a method of approach-
keeping in mind at all times the frus-
trations of the patient. This book will
force everyone to reconsider his ap-
proach to the sickbed.
o The a'lthor has studied in Switzer-
land, the Sorbonne and the Univer-
ity of Utrecht. He is Director of the
Instituut voor Conflictpsychologie in
Leiden and the author of The Chang-
ing Nature of Man and The Pheno-
merlOlogical Approach to Psychiatry.
o The Psychology of the Sickbed has
been published in Dutch, Norwegian,
Swedish, Finnish and Danish editions
and has been used throughout the
world as a basic textbook in nursing
chools.
handsome cloth edition-$2.95
Ask for our 1967 catalog
DUQUESNE UNIVERSITY PRESS
Pittsburg, Pa. 15219
62 THE CANADIAN NURSE
DIRECTOR
Of NURSING SERVICE
The Belleville General Hospital
requires a Director of Nursing
Service to be responsible for the
administration of all nursing ser-
vice activities.
The hospital presently has a ca-
pacity of 300 beds and will in-
crease to a total of 450 beds in
about one year, upon completion
of a construction programme.
The design incorporates a central
Supply Process Dispatch system.
Applicants should have a degree
in nursing service administration
as well as considerable expe-
rience in a similar position.
Applications and enquiries
should be addressed to:
Administrator
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL
Belleville, Ontario.
DIRECTORS
AND
ASSISTANT
DIRECTORS
tJ
WORKSHOPS ON
PROBLEM-SOLVING
learn and practice problem-
solving skills applied to
Hospital Nursing Service
Have you registered?
Halifax April 11-14, 1967
Vancouver May 2-5, 1967
It's later than you think!
Write to:
CANADIAN
NURSES' ASSOCIATION
50 The Driveway,
Ottawa 4, Ontario.
APRIL 1967
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THE WINNIPEG GENERAL HOSPITAL
ia Recruiting General Duty Nurses for all Services
SEND APPLICATIONS DIRECTlY TO
THE PERSONNEL DIRECTOR,
WINNIPEG GENERAL HOSPITAL
WINNIPEG 3, MANITOBA
DIRECTOR, SCHOOL OF NURSINC
Applications are invited
lor the
POSITION OF DIRECTOR.
SCHOOL OF NURSING
The Director will have complete charge of two-plus-one
diploma program with 360 students, adequate faculty,
new ultra-modern facility associated with 1000-bed
teaching hospital. Master's degree preferred. Considera-
tion will be given to candidate with Bachelor of Science
in Nursing Education degree and good leadership poten-
tial. Appointment will be made by July 1, 1967.
For lurther information, write to:
Chairman, Nursing Advisory Committee
c/o Nursing Office,
VICTORIA HOSPITAL
London, Ontario.
APRIL 1%7
THE HOSPIT At
FOR
SICK CHILDREN
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YOU
Receive the advantages of:
1. Five-week orientation pro-
gram for new staff.
2. Ongoing in-service education
for nurses.
3. Extensive student education
program.
4. Research Institute.
APPLICATION fOR GENERAL
DUTY POSITIONS INVITED
For information contact:
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING
555 University Avenue
Toronto, Canada
THE CANADIAN NURSE 63
DEPARTMENT
CANADA'S INDIANS
NEED YOUR
AND ESKIMOS
HELP
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES
REGISTERED HOSPITAL NURSES
CERTIFIED NURSING ASSISTANTS
o F
HAVE YOU CONSIDERED
A CAREER
WITH
MEDICAL SERVICES
NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE
for further information. write to:
MEDICAL SERVICES DIRECTORATE
DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE
OTTAWA, CANADA
CONSULTING
OCCUPA nONAl
HEALTH NURSE
required by
PROVINCE OF SASKATCHEWAN
Department of Public Health
Regina, Saskatchewan
SALARY: Up to $610 per month depending
on qualificafions.
REQUIREMENTS: Must have post-graduate
qualifications in Occupofionol Health or
Public Health Nursing and cansideroble
Indusfriol Nursing experience. Teaching
ability essenfial.
APPLICATIONS: When requesfing applico-
tion forms please sfote educofion, experi-
ence, current solary, and salary expected.
Please quate file no. c/c 9937.
Contact:
Director, Occupational Health
DEPARTMENT OF
PUBLIC HEALTH
Provincial Health Building
Regina, Saskatchewan
64 THE CANADIAN NURSE
HEAD NURSES
INSTRUCTORS
required
Applications are invited for the
positions of Head Nurse (Peadia-
tric Ward) and Head Nurse (Me-
dical Ward) in this modern 259-
bed hospital located in the beau-
tiful Niagara Peninsula.
Applicants with Post Basic edu-
cation are preferred but others
with experience are urged to
apply.
Residence accommodation in
private rooms available. Salary
wil/ depend on qualifications
and experience. Personnel pol-
icies, fringe benefits, etc. ex-
cel/ent.
IN
OBSTETRICAL NURSING
MEDICAL-SURGICAL
NURSING
Duties to include clossraom teaching and
clinical insfruclion. Assisfing in the deve.
lopment of 0 new curriculum and Re-
gionol Schoal.
B.Sc.N. ar diploma in Nursing. Educofian
required. Excellent salary range and
fringe benefits.
Please apply to:
Miss l. M. R. Lambe
Director of Nursing
WELLAND COUNTY
GENERAL HOSPITAL
.
Apply;.
Personnel Director
BELLEVILLE GENERAL
HOSPITAL
Weiland, Ontario
Belleville, Ontario
APRil 1%7
CORNWALL REGIONAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
invites applications from
TEACHERS OF NURSING
Here is an opportunity to participate in the develop-
ment of a progressive program which emphasizes
educational experience for Students. The program will
consist of a two year course, followed by one year
of nursing internship.
The new School is independently incorporated and
will be located in its own new educational and res-
idential building. The first class of Studenfs will be
admitted in September, 1967.
You would enjoy living in the friendly, thriving Sea-
way City that has excellent holiday swimming and
camping facilities and which is within one hour's
distance of Ottawa and Montreal.
Applicants should be registered, or eligible for regis-
tration in Ontario and have advanced preparation in
teaching and/or nursing. Copies of Personnel Poli-
cies will be forwarded on request.
For further information, write to:
THE DIRECTOR
Cornwall Regional School of Nursing
Box No. 939, Cornwall, Ontario
REGISTERED NURSES
Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois is a
new 587-bed General Hospital, located in a pleasant
suburb of Chicago.
The hospital is modern with a wide range of services
to patients, including Hyperbaric Oxygen Unit. Low-
cost modern housing next to the hospital is available.
The hospital is completely air-conditioned.
Annual beginning salary is from $6,000 plus shift
differential pay. Regular salary increments at six
months of service and yearly thereafter. Sick leave
and other fringe benefits are also available.
Write or call collect:
Director of Nursing Services
LUTHERAN GENERAL HOSPITAL
PARK RIDGE, ILLINOIS 60068
Telephone: 692-2210 Ext. 211
Area Code: 312
APRIL 1967
- -
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Applications are invited from
REGISTERED NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS
For full time, 40 hour week, Rotation Duty.
One Weekend off Duty every three weeks.
Vacancies in Medical, Surgical, Obstetric,
Paediatric, Operating Room, Intensive Care
and Emergency Unit. Active Inservice and
Orientation programs as well as excellenf
personnel policies and fringe benefits.
Director of Nursing
TORONTO EAST GENERAL
AND ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL
Toronto 6, Ontario
UNIVERSITY OF
ALBERTA HOSPITAL
invites applications for the position of
DIRECTOR Of NURSING SERVICE
The position involves administration of the patient
care services of a 1200 bed teaching hospital with
a rapidly expanding medical centre located on the
campus of the University of Alberta. Applicants with
experience in nursing service or education holding a
Baccalaureate Degree and/or a Master's Degree
preferred. Salary based on qualifications. Excellent
personnel policies with wide range of fringe benefits.
Direct enquiries or applications to:
Miss M. G. Purcell, Director of Nursing
UNIVERSITY OF
ALBERTA HOSPITAL
Edmonton, Alberta
THE CANADIAN NURSE 65
THE HAMILTON AND DISTRICT SCHOOL OF NURSING
SPONSORED BY
THE HAMILTON HEALTH ASSOCIATION
INVITES APPLICATIONS FOR THE POSITION OF
INSTRUCTOR
QUALIFICATIONS - A University degree and graduate experience in one or more fields of nursing.
Eligibility for Nurse Registration in Ontario.
The fourth group of students will be enrolled in September 1967. Additional teachers will be required
since the maximum enrolment is expected to be reached this year.
THE SCHOOL PROGRAM
CONTROL - The entire curriculum which covers 2 calendar years is planned and controlled by the school
Clinical experience, practice and observation is provided in:
1) The H. H. A. complex of hospitals.
2) The Joseph Brant Memorial Hospital, Burlington.
3) The Oakville T rafalgar Hospital, Oakville.
4) The Ontario Hospital, Hamilton.
5) Community agencies in the area.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION WRITE TO:
The Director,
HAMILTON AND DISTRICT SCHOOL OF NURSINC,
Box 590, Hamilton r Ontario
OSHAWA
GENERAL HOSPITAL
GENERAL DUTY NURSES FOR
ALL DEPARTMENTS
Starting salary for Ontario Regis-
tered nurses $400 with 5 annual
increments to $480 per month.
Credit for acceptable previous
service - one increase for two
years, two increases for four or
more years.
Non-registered - $360.00
Rotating periods of duty - 3
weeks vacation - 8 statutory
holidays.
One day's sick credit per month
beginning in the 7th month of
service cumulative to 45 days.
Pension Plan and Group Life
Insurance - Hospital pays 50%
of Medical, Blue Cross and Hos-
pital Insurance premiums.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
OSHAWA GENERAL HOSPITAL
Oshawa, Ontario
66 THE CANADIAN NURSE
DIRECTOR
REGIONAL SCHOOL
OF
OF NURSING
"KIRKLAND LAKE"
Applications are invited for the
position of Director of a new
Regional School of Nursing to be
established in Kirkland Lake with
an annual enrollment of 30
students encompassing five area
hospitals. An excellent opportu-
nity to develop a program from
the erection of the building to
operating the school.
Please direct enquiries to:
The Secretary of the Steering
Committee:
R. J. Cameron, Administrator,
KIRKLAND AND DISTRICT
HOSPITAL
Kirkland Lake, Ontario.
RIVERSIDE
HOSPIT At
OF OTTAWA
A new, air-conditioned 340-bed
hospital. Applications are called
for Nurses for the positions of:
GENERAL STAFF NURSES
and
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS
Address all enquiries to:
Director of Nursing
RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL OF OTTAWA
1967 Riverside Drive,
Ottawa, Ontario
APRIL 1967
.. 'Æ.. "'..( ""',
Are required to fill vacancies in a modern, centrally
located Hospital. Tours of duty are 7:30 - 4:00, 3:30-
12:00 and 11 :30 - 8:00.
Salary range for Registered Nurses is $382.50 to
$447.50 per month and for Graduate Nurses is
$352.50 to $417.50 per month. We offer a full
range of employee benefits and excellent working
conditions.
Day Care facilities for pre-school children from 3
months to .5 years in age.
Apply in person, or by letter to :
Personnel Manager,
THE RIVERDALE HOSPITAL
St. Matthews Road,
Toronto 8, Ontario.
SAINT JOHN
GENERAL HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
Saint John, N.B.
Invites applications for the
position of
ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR OF
NURSING EDUCATION
The School of Nursing comprises
200 students and is associated
with a teaching hospital of 600
beds. The Associate Direcfor of
Nursing Education is immediately
responsible to the Director of
Nursing.A baccalaureate degree
in Nursing Educafion is required.
Preference will be given to the
applicant with proven executive
and educational ability in an ap-
proved school of nursing.
For further information,
or application, write to:
The Director of Nursing
SAINT JOHN
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Saint John, N.B.
APRIL 1967
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YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL
NEWMARKET, ONtAiIO
HOSPITAL:
A newly exponded 257 bed hospital with such progressive
patient core concepts as 0 12-bed ..C.U., 22-bed psychiatric
and 24-bed self care unif.
IDEAL LOCATION:
45 minutes from downfown Toronto, 15-30 minUfes from
excellent summer ond winfer resort areas.
SALARIES:
Registered Nurses: $372.$447 per month.
Registered Nursing Assistants: $277-$310 per month.
BENEFITS INCLUDE:
Furnished apartments. medical and hospital insurance, group
life insurance, pension pion, 40 hour week.
Please address 0/1 enquiries to:
Director of Nursing
YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL
596 Davis Drive
Newmarket, Ontario
REGISTERED
GENERAL DUTY
NURSES
required
For 35-bed modern hospital in
northern Quebec. Residence ac-
commodation available. Bilin-
gual with few years' experience
preferred. Nurses on staff must
be willing to take responsibility
in all departments of nursing.
Excellent salary and fringe bene-
fits. OUfstanding recreational
facilities.
For further information,
apply to:
Medical Director
SCHEFFERVILLE HOSPITAL
Schefferville, Quebec
why not
Cleveland
Here in Cleveland at Mt. Sinai
Hospital, nurses find complete
job satisfaction and opportuni-
ties for advancement. Begin-
ning salaries of $500 a month,
attractive working conditions.
and provisions for educational
assistance are three other rea-
sons why you should consider
this city and Mt. Sinai Hospi-
tal. For more information, write
Nurse Recruiter, Dept. ee.
[!JIll' THE MT. SINAI HOSPITAL
: I OF CLEVELAND
UnIverSIty C"cle. Cleveland. OhIO 44106
THE CANADIAN NURSE 67
I II
OPPORTUNITY FOR
GROWTH
CHANGE
SPECIALIZA TION
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TORONTO GENERAL HOSPITAL
Large centrally located University Teaching Hospital
. CONTINUE YOUR PROFESSIONAL GROWTH
Planned oricnlalion progromme
(onflnu'f"Ig m-service programmes
Opparlunilles of a research and Icaching haSpllal
. BROADEN EXPERIENCE
Positions avoiloble:
General medicine - Obstetrics - Operating Raam
General Surgery - Gynaecalagy - Recavery Raam
Specialty units and inlensive core - Cardiavascular
Respiralary - Neurasurgery
. ENJOY ADVANTAGES OF LIBERAL PERSONNEL POLICIES
Excellenl patienl core facdilies
Solories scaled 10 qualificallons and expc"e"ce
3 weeks vacallan, Slalulary holIdays. cumulalive SICk leavc
Life Insurance, hospitalization, retirement programme
Uniforms laundered free
For additional information, write:
Director of Nursing
TORONTO GENERAL HOSPITAL
101 College Street, Toronto 2, Ontario
I I'
THE MACK SCHOOL
OF NURSING
THE PLACE TO
CENTENNIAL
BE IN
YEAR!
OTTAWA CIVIC HOSPITAL
Ottawa, Ontario
Applications are invited from teachers interested in
developing a progressive educational programme in
this new Regional School, located in the Niagara
Peninsula. Applicants with baccalaureate degree
preferred. Diploma in nursing education and working
toward a degree accepted.
Good personnel policies.
Enjoy life in green and pleasant Ottowa. Doily
train and bus service to Expo '67! Challenging
work in a modern teaching Hospital of 1087
beds, where adminisfration is progressive and
stoff porficipafion encouraged. 'n-service Educa-
tion program well esfablished. Excellent salaries,
personnel policies and fringe benefits to:
Apply to:
The Principal,
THE MACK SCHOOL OF NURSING.
Queenston Street,
St. Catharines, Ontario
REGISTERED NURSES
for all services including Operating Room and
Psychiatry.
Apply in writing to:
Miss B. JEAN MILLIGAN, Reg.N., M.A.
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR.
68 THE CANADIAN NURSE
APRIL 1967
PALO ALTO-STANFORD
HOSPITAL CENTER
Located on the beautiful campus of Stanford University in Palo Alto California.
.
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--
"We invite you to join our professional staff and to gain unparalled experiences in
nursing."
For additional information-
NAME:
ADDRESS:
CITY:
SERVICE DESIRED:
Return to: PALO ALTO-STANFORD HOSPITAL CENTER
Personnel Department
300 Pasteur Drive
Palo Alto, California
STATE:
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR
OF NURSING
VICTORIA HOSPITAL
lONDON, ONTARIO
Applications are invited for the
above position in a fully ac-
credited 163-bed General Hos-
pital in beautiful Northern On-
tario.
Modern l,OOO-bed hospital
Requires
Registered Nurses for
all services
and
Desirable qualifications should
include B.S.N. Degree with ex-
perience in supervision.
Registered
Nursing Assistants
For further information
Write to:
40 hour week - Pension plan
- Good salaries and Personnel
Policies.
Director of Nursing
Apply:
Director of Nursing
KIRKLAND and DISTRICT HOSPITAL
VICTORIA HOSPITAL
Kirkland Lake Ontario.
London, Onto
APRIL 1967
ST. JOSEPH'S
HOSPIT AL
HAMIL TON.
ONT ARlO
A modern, progressive hospital,
located in the centre of Ontario's
Golden Horseshoe-
invites applications for
GENERAL STAFF
NURSES
and
REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS
Immediate openings are avail-
able in Operating Room, Psy-
chiatry, Intensive Care - Coro-
nary Monitor Unit, Obstetrics,
Medical, Surgical and Paediatrics.
For further information write to:
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
Hamilton, Ontario
THE CANADIAN NURSE 69
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THE SCARBOROUGH
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Invites applications from General Duty NUrses.
Excellent personnel policies. An active and stimulat-
ing In-Service Education and Orientation Programme.
A modern Management Training Programme to as-
sist the career-minded nurse to assume managerial
positions. Salary is commensurate with experience
and ability. We encourage you to take advantage
of the opportunities offered in this new and expand-
ing hospital.
For further information write to:
Director of Nursing
SCARBOROUGH GENERAL HOSPITAL
Scarborough, Ontario
VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPIT AL
HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA
Invites applications from Registered Nurses
for all services including operating room,
recovery room, intensive care and emergency
in completely new wing.
Salary range for General Staff positions
$360.00 - $420.00 per month
and other liberal benefits.
Direct enquiries to:
Director of Nursing,
VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPITAL
3383
Halifax r Nova Scotia
70 THE CANADIAN NURSE
m
PROVINCE OF SASKATCHEWAN
DEPARTMENT Of EDUCATION
INVITES APPLICATIONS FOR
THE FOLLOWING POSITIONS:
I
DIRECTOR
School of Nursing, Saskatchewan Institute of Applied
Arts and Sciences, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
Unique opportunity for challenge and creativity in
the implementation of a new two-year school-based
program of Nursing Education. Qualifications re-
quired: Registered Nurse holding Master's Degree or
equivalent with experience in administration of
schools of nursing.
Salary Range - $777. to $991. per month.
I
ASSISTANT TO THE DIRECTOR
School of Nursing.
Registered Nurse, preferably holding Moster's Degree
or equivalent and some experience in administration.
Salary Range - $705. to $899. per month.
I
NURSING AND SCIENCES INSTRUCTORS
School of Nursing.
Positions available in Physical and Biological Scien-
ces, Behavioral Sciences and Nursing (Teaching and
Clinical Supervision).
Preference given to Registered Nurses holding Mas-
ter's or Baccalaureate degrees and having teaching
experience.
Salary Range - $528. to $777. per month depend-
ing on qualifications and experience.
All positions carry superannuation, in&urance and
other benefits of Public Service.
For further information and application forms,
write to:
Superintendent of Nursing Education
Department of Education
AVORD TOWERS BUILDING
Han. G.J. Trapp,
Minis.er.
Regina, Saskatchewan
L.H. Bergstrom,
Deputy Minis.er.
APRIL 1967
GENERAL DUTY NURSES
and
NURSING ASSIST ANTS
Wonted for aCfive General Hospital (125
beds) situated in St. Anthony, Newfound-
land, a town of 2.400 and headquarfers
of the I nfernafional Grenfell Associafion
which provides medical core for northern
Newfoundland and the coost of Labrador.
Salaries in accordance wifh ARNN.
For further information
please w rife:
Miss Dorothy A. Plant
INTERNATIONAL GRENFEll ASSOCIATION
Room 701A, 88 Metcalfe Street,
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO
222 BED GENERAL HOSPITAL
requires
STAff NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS
Cornwall is noted for its summer and
winfer sporf areos, and is on hour and a
half from both Montreal and Ollawa.
Progressive personnel policies include 4
weeks vocation. Experience and posf-basic
certificafes are recognized.
Apply to:
Ass't. Director of Nursing
(service)
CORNWALL GENERAL HOSPITAL
Cornwall, Ontario
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR
Of NURSING SERVICE
Applications are invited for the posifion
of Assistant Director of Nursing Service
for a 291-bed fully accredited General
Hospital.
Preference will be given fo applicants
wifh preparation and experience in nurs-
ing service administration.
Apply fa:
Director of Nursing Service
THE GENERAL HOSPITAL
OF PORT ARTHUR
Port Arthur, Ontario
APRil 1967-
REGISTERED NURSES
required for
52-bed hospifal. Sifuafed in the Niagara
Peninsula. Transpartation assistance.
For salary rafes and personnel policies
apply fa:
Director of Nursing
HALDIMAND WAR MEMORIAL
HOSPITAL
Dunnville, Ontario
CATHERINE BOOTH HOSPITAL
Requires
REGISTERED NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS
for new SO-bed hospital in west-end
Manfreal.
Openings in: Obsfetrics
Gynaecology
General Surgery
Planned orientation and active Inservice
program. Salaries in accordance with
ANPQ.
Appty fa:
Director of Nuning
CATHERINE BOOTH HOSPITAL
4375 Montclair Ave.,
Montreal 28, Que.
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC HOSPITAL
School of Nursing requires
INSTRUCTRESS (Nursing Arts)
INSTRUCTRESS (Medical-Surgical Area)
New self-contained educafion building for
school of nursing now open.
Trent University ;5 sifuafed in Peferborough
For further information write to:
Director of Nursing
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC
HOSPITAL
Peterborough, Ontario
SCHOOL Of NURSING
WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL
Requires the following Faculty
0) Psychiafric Teacher (One).
b) Medical and Surgical Teachers (Two)
Minimum requirement - B. Sc. N.
The above addifional stoff is required
for New Program.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing Education
WOODSTOCK GENERAL
HOSPITAL
Woodstock, Ontario
SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL
COOKSVILlE, ONTARIO
A new 45o-bed General Hospital, located
12 miles from the Cify of Toronto. has
openings for:
(I) GENERAL STAFF NURSES in all de.
partments;
(2) Registered Nursing Assistants in all
departments.
for information or applicatIon, wflte to'
Director of Nursing
SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL
Cooksville, Ontario
SCHOOL Of NURSING
PUBLIC GENERAL HOSPITAL
Chatham, Ontario
requires
INSTRUCTORS
Student Body of 130
Modern self-contained educafion building
University Preparation required with
salary differential for Degree.
For further information,
apply fa:
Director, Nursing Education
THE CANADIAN NURSE 71
ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
announces vacancies
IN
NURSING EDUCATION
The Ontario Department of Health has positions available for nursing instructresses and supervisors at
the following Ontario mental hospitals.
LAKESHORE - NEW TORONTO, LONDON, OWEN SOUND, PORT ARTHUR, ST. THOMAS, TORONTO, WHITBY
SALARIES from $5,750 to $7,800 (Without B.Se.N. degree)
$6,150 to $8,200 (With B.Se.N. degree)
NOTE: Salaries above the minimum will be considered for appropriate experience.
QUALIFICATIONS :
Registration as a nurse in Ontario and a post-graduate certificate in Nursing Education from a recognized
University, or completion of at least a one-year course at University level which includes the principles of
teaching, or the B.Se.N. degree.
BENEFITS: Sick leave credits, vacation credits, excellent pension fund and subsidized health and
insurance plan.
@
ONTARIO
PROVINCE OF OPPORTUNITY
Interested applicants should apply to:
Director, Personnel and Organization,
Whitney Block, Roqm 5424,
Parliament Buildings r Toronto, Ontario.
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
TORONTO, ONTARIO
REGISTERED NURSES
and
REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS
lOo-bed fully accredited hospital provides
experience in Operafing Room, Recovery
Room, Intensive Core Unit. Pediatrics
Orthopedics. Psychiafry. General Surgery
and Medicine.
Orienfafion and Acfive Inservice program
for all stoff.
Salary is commensurafe with preparation
and experience.
Benefits include Canada Pension Plan,
Hospital Pension Plan, Group life Insu-
rance. Afte, 3 months. cumulafive sick
leave - Ontario Hospital Insurance -
50% payment by hospifal.
Ratafing Periods of duty - 40 hour week,
8 sfatufary holidays - annual vocation
3 weeks offer one year.
Apply:
Assistant Directo, of
Nursing Service
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
30 The Queen.way
Toronto 3, Ontario
72 THE CANADIAN NURSE
GUELPH
GENERAL HOSPITAL
ACTlVE-200 BED
FULL Y
ACCREDITED
requires
GENERAL STAff NURSES
REGlmRID
NURSING ASSISTANTS
Pleasant City of 48,500, one
hour from Toronto Via 401.
Good personnel policies.
For further details apply to:
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Guelph, Ontario
OPERATING ROOM
SUPERVISOR
Required for 270-bed General
Hospital with construction of a
new hospital due to completion
in 1967, increasing the bed ca-
pacity to 450. Included in the
new hospital will be the most
modern operating room complex
based on the Friesen Concept of
material and equipment supply.
Excellent fringe benefits with
generous sick leave, four weeks
vacation and contributory pen-
sion plan.
For further information write:
Director of Nuning Service
BELLEVIUE GENERAL HOSPITAL
Belleville, Ontario.
APRIL 1967
WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL
Requires
GENERAL STAFF NURSES
ALL DEPARTMENTS
and
O.R. TECHNICIANS
Apply:
Director of Nursing
WOODSTOCK
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Woodstock, Ontario
McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL
requires
Regisfered Nurses for general Staff. The
haspifal is friendly and progressive.
It is now in the beginning stages of a
$3,500,000 program of expansion and
renovation.
- Openings in all services.
- Praximify to Lakehead
ensures apporfunity for
education.
UniversifY
furthering
For full particulars write to:
Acting Director
of Nursing Service
McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL,
Fort William, Ontario.
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
Hamilton r Ontario
requires
CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS in all Nuning
areas. Well-equipped, modern School of
Nursing. Stu:lent enrolment over 300.
Modern, progressive, BOO-bed Hospital.
Salary commensurate with preparation
and experience.
For further details, apply:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
APRil 1967
PORT COLBORNE
GENERAL HOSPITAL
PORT COLBORNE, ONTARIO
STAFF NURSES
required
for 166-bed hospifål wifhin easy driving
disfance of American and Canadian me-
tropolitan centres. Consideration given for
previous experience obfained in Canada.
Completely furnished aparfment-sfyle resi-
dence, including balcony and swimming
pool facing lake, adjacenf fo hospifal.
Apply:
Director of Nursing
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Port Colborne,Onta,io
REGISTERED NURSES
For new 100.bed General Hospifal in
resort town of 14,000 people, beautifully
located On shores of Lake of the Woods.
Three hours' fravel fime from Winnipeg
wifh good fransporfafian availcoble. Wide
variefy of summer and winfer sporfs-
swimming, boating, fishing, golfing, skaf-
ing, curling, tobogganing, skiing and ice
fishing.
Salary: $372 for nurses registered in
Ontario with allowance for experience.
Residence available. Good personnel poli-
cies.
Apply to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
KENORA GENERAL HOSPITAL
Keno,a, Ontario
VICTORIAN ORDER
OF NURSES
GREATER TORONTO BRANCH
Invites applications for positions of
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE
This branch offers diversified experience
including bedside nursing, individual
feaching, participafion in Home Core
Program for Mefropolitan Toronfo, and
studenf program. Inservice education and
other employee benefits
For details apply:
Director
VICTORIAN ORDER OF NURSES
GREA TER TORONTO BRANCH
281 Sherbourne Street
Toronto 2, Ontario
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
LONDON, ONTARIO
Teaching Hospital, 600 beds, new facilities
requires :
REGISTERED NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS
For further information apply:
The Director of Nursing
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
London, Ontario
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
EDUCATION
Masfer's degree preferred; to conducf
basic nursing program and affilliate pro-
gram.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing,
CHilDREN'S HOSPITAL
OF WINNIPEG,
Winnipeg, Manitoba.
MEDICINE HAT
GENERAL HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
MEDICINE HAT, ALBERTA
INSTRUCTORS
POSITIONS
CLASSROOM SCIENCE
PEDIATRICS
OBSTETRICS
MEDICINE
SURGERY
Closs 25-30 Studenfs
Current Recommended
Salary Scoles
Apply:
Director of Nursing Education
or any
CANADA MANPOWER CENTRE
THE CANADIAN NURSE 73
ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
NURSES: Have you been in your present position since graduation? Why not consider a change - or
have you lost interest in new horizons? The Ontario Department of Health will very shortly open
a new mental hospital in South Porcupine, 100 miles north-west of North Bay, and challenging
opportunities exist to make a significant contribution in the development of a comprehensive
nursing program.
SALARIES: $5,000 to $6,000 PER ANNUM (A starting salary above the minimum will be considered, based
on previous experience).
POSITIONS: AREA SUPERVISORS:
WARD SUPERVISORS:
WARD NURSES:
$5,750 to $6,600
$5,250 to $6,000
$5,000 to $5,500
QUALIFICATIONS: Registration as a nurse in Ontario.
NOTE: Eligibility for supervisory positions may also depend on additional nursing training.
BENEFITS: Sick leave credits, vacation credits, excellent pension fund and subsidized health and insurance
plan.
(î)
ONTARIO
PROVINCE OF OPPORTUNITY
Please apply in confidence to:
Director of Personnel and Organization,
Room 5424 Whitney Block,
Parliament Buildings, Toronto, Ontario.
ONTARIO SOCIETY
FOR
CRIPPLED CHILDREN
requires
· Camp Directors
· General Staff Nurses
· Registered Nursing Assistants
for
FIVE SUMMER CAMPS
located near
OTTAWA COLLINGWOOD
LONDON - PORT COLBORNE
KIRKLAND LAKE
Applications are invifed from nUrses in-
terested in the rehabilitation of physically
handicapped children. Preference given to
CAMP DIRECTOR applicants having super-
visory experience and to NURSING ap-
plicants wifh paediatric experience.
Apply in writing to:
Miss HELEN WALLACE, Reg. N.,
Supervisor of Camps,
350 Rumsey Road,
Toronto 11, Ontario
74 THE CANADIAN NURSE
SCHOOL Of NURSING
PLUMMER
MEMORIAL
PUBLIC HOSPITAL
SAULT STE. MARIE
Invites Applications for:
1. Medical-Surgical Instructor
2. Medical Instructor
3. Obstetrical Instructor
250 bed non-sectarian General
Hospital with enrolment of 80
students. This School is planning
a change to two year patient-
centered, problem solving cur-
riculum and one year internship.
Excellent salaries commensurate
with experience and qualifica-
tions.
Apply to:
Principal,
SCHOOL OF NURSING
AJAX AND
PICKERING
GENERAL HOSPITAL
AJAX, ONTARIO
127 Beds
Nursing the patient as an indi-
vidual. Vacancies, General Duty
R.N.'s and Registered Nursing
Assistants for all areas, Full time
and part time. Solaries as in Me-
tro Toronto. Consideration for ex-
perience and education. Excellent
fringe benefits. Residence accom-
modation, single rooms, House-
Keeping privileges.
Apply fo:
NURSING OFFICE PERSONNEL
APRIL 1967
MEDICINE HAT
GENERAL HOSPITAL
MEDICINE HAT, ALBERTA
STAFF NURSES
Curren. Recommended
Solary Scoles
Apply:
Director of Nursing
or any
CANADA MANPOWER CENTRE
REGISTERED NURSES
SALARY - $415 . $490
PLUS MERIT INCREASES
8 HOUR WORKING PERIODS
MODERN 45 BED
ACCREDITED HOSPITAL
RESIDENCE ACCOMMODATION
RECREATIONAL FACILITIES
E.G. GOLF, CURLING, SWIMMING
Write to:
Director of Nursing
ANSON GENERAL HOSPITAL
Iroquois Falls, Ontario
GENERAL HOSPITAL
ST. JOHN'S, NEWFOUNDLAND
Opporfunity for Instructors in all areas of
nursing, in progressive School of Nursing,
where new ideas are welcomed.
Program consists of two years of planned
study and pracfice, complefely controlled
by School, plus one year of internship.
New School and residence wifh swimming
pool in rapidly growing city of 100,000
people. Good personnel policies. Solary
under review.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
GENERAL HOSPITAL
St. John's, Newfoundland
APRIL 1967
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
SARNIA, ONTARIO
Invites applications for the
positions of:
IN-SERVICE DIRECTOR
EVENING SUPERVISOR
GENERAL DUTY NURSES
328-bed hospital, excellent personnel po-
licies.
For fUrth
information apply:
Director of Nursing
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
Sarnia, Ontario
TEACHER
FOR
SCHOOL OF NURSING
GUELPH GENERAL HOSPITAL
Baccalaureafe preferred, Diploma will be
considered.
Guelph is a pleasant city of 48,000, one
hour's drive from Toronto. The University
of Guelph offers educafiona' and cultural
advantages fo community members.
The School of Nursing is under separate
direction from the hospital and has its
own Boord of Management. Sfudent En-
rolmenf is 98.
Interested applicants may write:
Director
School of Nursing
GUELPH GENERAL HOSPITAL
Guelph, Ontario
HAMILTON CIVIC HOSPITALS
SCHOOL Of NURSING
announces
FACULTY POSITIONS ARE AVAILABLE
I. PSYCHIATRIC NURSING
2. NURSING
Minimum qualificofion is Bachelor's De-
gree.
Please direct enquiries to the:
Director, School of Nursing
BARTON STREET EAST,
Hamilton, Ontario
REGISTERED GENERAL
DUTY NURSES
For 22-bed General Hospital, in progres-
sive community on Trans-Canada High-
way. Personnel PolicIes according 10
SRNA recommendafions. Solary: $364 for
nurses registered in Sask. S.H.A. Pension
Plan.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
HERBERT-MORSE UNION
HOSPITAL
Herbert, Saskatchewan
W1LSON MEMORIAL
GENERAL HOSPITAL
requires
REGISTERED NURSES FOR
GENERAL DUTY
REGISTERED NURSING
ASSISTANTS
20-bed hospital. Situated in a progressive
Northwestern Onfario community.
Room and board provided.
For full particulars,
Write to:
Director of Nursing
Marathon, Ontario
SCHOOL Of NURSING
requires
INSTRUCTOR IN SCIENCE
AND MEDICAL
SURGICAL NURSING
REQUIREMENTS:
University preparafion in Nursing Edu-
cafion. Solary differenfial for degree.
For further information,
contact:
Director of Nursing
JEffERY HALE'S HOSPITAL
1250 St-Foy Road, Quebec
6, P.Q.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 75
What does
Methodist Hospital
have to offer me?
At the Methodist Hospital, where research is a part
of progress, a nursi ng career takes on new horizons -
rich in meaning and professional satisfaction.
If you're looki ng for the chance to be the nurse
you've always dreamed of - coming to the world
famous Methodist Hospital can be an adventure -
almost like stepping into the future - splendid
facilities,
o much advance eQuipment and
everywhere the newest medical and patient care
techniques are in use.
Some of the best aspects of nursing at METHODIST
are as old as medicine itself - there is a spirit of
kindness and consideration, and emphasis on patient
care, that make this a hospital where nursing is
satisfying and rewarding, day by day.
Methodist Hospital IS right in the center of the world's
great Medical, Research and Educational complexes.
HOUSTON is an exciting city - rodeo and opera,
pro.football and the famous Alley Theatre, water sports
and beaches an hour or less away, the Houston
Symphony and the Astrodome!
A Few Quick Facts: We're affiliated with Baylor
University College of Medicine and associated with
Texas Woman's University College of Nursing.
New $9'12 million Cardiovascular and Orthopedic
Research Center will open soon. Our Inservice
Education Department gives you thorough
orientation, and continued instruction in new
concepts and techniques. You'll find every
encouragement to broaden your skills,
including tuition assistance in obtaining
further education in nursing.
.
"
Send for Your Colorful tnformative Illustrated
Brochure. . . to learn about Methodist Hospital,
Houston, positions available, salary and employment
benefits, tuition allowance, complimentary room
accommodation and our Nurse Specialist Programs.
Write, call or send coupon, Director of Personnel,
The Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center,
Houston, Texas 77025
J
r-------------------------------------.
I Director of Personnel, THE METHODIST HOSPITAL, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77025 I
I Please send me your brochure about nursing opportunities at THE METHODIST HOSPITAL-Texas Medical Center I
I I
I Name I
I Address I
I I
I City State Zip Code I
L_____________________________________
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OF ALBERTA
HOSPITAL
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A 1,200 bed teaching hospital, with a School of Nursing of 450 students. A rapidly expanding Medical
Center, situated on a growing University Campus.
NURSING OFFERS
* Planned Orientation Programme
* In Service Educofion Programme
* Organized programme to provide op-
portunities for Team leoders, Leader-
ship Responsibility
* Opportunities for Professional develop.
ment in O.R., Coronary Core, Cardiac
Surgery, Renal Dialysis, Neurosurgery,
and Rehabilitation
For more information write to:
Director of Nuning
BENEFITS
* Excellent Pafient Core Facilifies
UNIVERSITY
OF ALBERTA
HOSPITAL
* Salary scaled to qualificafion and ex.
perience
Edmonton, Alberta
Canada
* Liberal personnel policies
76 THE CANADIAN NURSE
APRIL 1967
GRADUATE NURSES
Eligible for registration in the
Province of Ontario.
Various positions available as SUPER-
VISORS, HEAD NURSES, and GENERAL
DUTY NURSES. Excellent opporfunifies for
advancement in all areas of modern,
newly expanded I,COO-bed General Hos-
pifal, including O.R. and Recovery. Infen-
sive Core. Emergency. Cenfral Supply.
Medical and Surgical Units.
Please contact:
Director of Nursing
HENDERSON GENERAL
HOSPIT AL
Hamilton r Ontario
CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS
required
wifh preparafion and experience. Eligible
for B. C. Registration. Medical. Surgical
and Paediafric areos.
Student enrollment - 200
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
Victoria, B. C.
SCHOOL OF NURSING
ST. THOMAS.ELGIN GENERAL HOSPITAL
will require
2 TEACHERS . AUGUST 1967
DUTIES: Insfruction in Science and Medical-
Surgical Nursing Parficipation in deve-
lopment of 2 year programme.
QUALIFICATIONS: University preparafian
in Nursing Educafion or Public Healfh.
SALARY: Commensurafe with experience
and education. 50 Ifudenls enrolled
annually.
For further information contact:
Director School of Nursing
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN GENERAL
HOSPITAL
St. Thomal, Onto
APRIL 1967
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
Required for 37 bed active hospi1al in
town of 1,700 pop. midway between
Calgary and Lefhbridge. paved hiwy.
wheat growing area. close to foothills.
Training or experience in Nurse Adminis-
tration would be beneficial. Increase in
usage of all facilities in lost 6 months.
Salary to be negofiated. Suite in nurses'
residence. Insurance and pemian group.
Present Director retiring.
Apply in writing to:
Administrator,
MUNICIPAL HOSPITAL
Vulcan, Alberta
WANTED
Registered Nurses required for twelve-bed
Company hospital in Lynn Lake. Manitoba.
Salary $385.00 per monfh plus five an-
nual increments. Free apartment and
board. Relocation expenses. Compony
paid insurance. medical. hospital plans
and pension plan available.
For further particulars, apply to:
Penonnel Manager,
SHERRITT GORDON MINES
LIMITED,
Lynn Lake, Manitoba.
REGISTERED NURSES
Registered Nurses required for General
Duty in well sfaffed 90 bed general hos-
pital.
Salary Scale $3.200 x $120 to $4.200 per
annum.
Liberal personnel policy.
Good prospects for early promofion to
senior posifions on basis of merit and
ability rafher than on seniority.
Fare paid from present location.
Apply for further details
to:
Dr. A. H. Dennison
Medical Superintendent
NOTRE DAME BAY
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
Twillingate, Newfoundland
PSYCHIATRIC
CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR
required by
ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL
KAMLOOPS, British Columbio
For further information write to:
Director of Nursing Education
ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL
Kamloops, B. C.
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
GUELPH, ONTARIO
requires
Insfructors for various Clinical Areas
Studenf enrolment - over 85.
UNIVERSITY CITY
Salary commensurate with preparation
and experience.
Apply to:
DIRECTOR
ROYAL ALEXANDRA HOSPITAL
EDMONTON, ALBERTA
Modern active treafment hospital Super-
visors required for days. evening and
night duty for Paediafric and Medical
Nursing Unifs. General Dufy for 0/1 servi-
ces including Intensive Core Unif. Excel-
lent working condifions and current per-
sonnel policies. Credit will be given for
previous experience and Pastgraduafe
qualifications.
Apply:
Personnel Office,
ROYAL ALEXANDRA HOSPITAL
Edmonton, Alberta
THE CANADIAN NURSE 77
I I
UNITED STATES
UNITED STATES
STAFF NURSES Here is the opportunity to turther
develop your professionol skills ond knowledge in
our 1.000-bed medical center. We have liberal personnel
policies with premiums for evening and night tours.
Our nurses. residence. located in the midst of 33
cultural and educational institutions, offers low-cost
hous,ng adjocent to the Hospita1s. Write for our booklet
on nursing opportunities. Feel free to tell us what type
position you are seeking. Write: Director of Nursing,
Room 600, University Hospitals ot Cleveland, University
Circle. Cleveland, Ohio 44-06 15-36. J G
liberal polky for advancement, vacations, sick
leave, holidays. Apply: Multnomah Hospital, 1'ort.
land, Oregon. 97201. 15-38-1
STAFF NURSES: To work in Extended Care or Tuber.
culosis Unit. live in lovely suburban Cleveland in
2-bedroom house for $55 a month including all
utilities. Modern salary and excellent fringe benefits.
Write Director of Nursing Service, 4310 Richmond
Road, Cleveland, Ohio. 15-36 1 F
GRADUATE NURSES - Wouldn't you like to work
at a modern 532-bed acute General Teaching Hos-
pital where you would have: (a) unlimited oppor-
tunities for professional growth and advancement,
(b) tuition paid for advanced study, (c) starting
salary of $429 per month (to those with pending
registration as well), d) progressive personnel po Ii-
Registered Nurse (Scenic Oregon vacation play-
ground, skiing, swimming, boating & cultural
events) for 295-bed teeching unit on campus of
University of Oregon medical school. Salary starts
at 5575. Pay differential for nights and evenings.
ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
MONTREAL, QUEBEC
POSTGRADUATE COURSES
1.
(a) 'Six month clinical course in Obstetrical Nursing.
Classes - September and March.
(b) Two month clinical course in Gynecological Nursing.
Classes following the six month course in Obstetrical
Nursing.
(c) Eight week course in Care of the Premature Infant.
2.
Six month course in Operating Room Technique.
Classes - September and March.
3.
Six month course in Theory and Practice in Psychiatric
Nursing.
Classes - September and March.
For information and details of the courses, apply to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL
Montreal, P.Q.
78 THE CANADIAN NURSE
I I
UNITED STATES
cies, (e) a choice of areas? For further information
write or call collect: Miss Louise Harrison, Directo;
o
Nursing Service, M
unt Sinai Hospital, University
C..cle. Cleveland, Oh,o 44106. phone SWeetbrior
5-6000. 15-36.10
STAFF NURSES: University of Washington. 320.bed
modern, expanding Teaching and Research Hospital
o
ated on campus offers you an opportunity to
lOin the staff in one of the following specialties:
Clinical Research, Premature Center, Open Hearl
Surgery, Physical Medicine, Orthopedicts, Neurosur-
gery, Adult and Child Psychiatry in addition to
the General Services. Salary: $501 to $576. Unique
benefit program includes free University courses after
5ix months. For information on opportunities, write
to: Mrs. Ruth Fine. Director of Nursing Services,
University Hospital, 1959 N.E. Pacific Avenue.
Seattle, Woshington 98105_ 15-48-2D
REGISTERED NURSE)
Required for various deporfments in a
modern 140.bed hospital situated in the
Kawartha Lakes area.
Toronfa Council salaries in effect.
Please apply to:
Personnel Director
ROSS MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
Lindsay, Ontario
UNIVERSITY OF
BRITISH COLUMBIA
School of Nursing
DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC
NURSING
DEGREE COURSE FOR
GRADUATE NURSES
Both of these courses lead to the
B.S.N. degree. Graduates are pre-
pared for public health as well as
hospital nursing positions.
DIPLOMA COURSES FOR
GRADUATE NURSES
1. Public Health Nursing.
2. Administration of Hospital
Nursing Units.
3. Psychiatric Nursing.
For information write to:
The Director
SCHOOL Of NURSING
UNIVERSITY Of B.C.
Vancouver 8, B.C.
APRIL 1967
DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY
DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC NURSING - (B.N.)
An integrafed program extending over four calendar years is of-
fered TO candidates with Senior Mafriculafion and prepares fhe stu.
dent for nursing pracfices in the community and hospitals.
DEGREE COURSE FOR REGISTERED NURSES - (B.N.)
A program extending over three academic years is offered fo Re-
gistered Nurses who wish to obfain a Bachelor of Nursing degree.
The course includes sTudies in fhe humanities. sciences, and a
nursing specialty.
DIPLOMA COURSES FOR REGISTERED NURSES -
1 YEAR
(1) Nursing Service Administrafion
(2) Public Heolth Nursing
(3) Teaching in Schools of Nursing
DIPLOMA COURSE FOR REGISTERED NURSES
2 YEARS
Outposf Nursing Course extending over two calendar years and
leading fo a Diploma in Public Health Nursing and a Diploma in
Outposf Nursing.
For further information apply to:
Director, School of Nursing
DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY
Halifax, N.S.
OSLER SCHOOL OF NURSING
Requires Additional
TEACHERS
For the expanding educational programme in this
New, Regional, Independent, Co-educational school
of nursing. The second class will be admitted in
September 1967.
Teachers who have a B.Se.N. or Diploma in Nursing
Education with nursing experience will be involved
in the development of the two year curriculum of
planned learning experiences followed by a third
year of hospital nursing service, will assist in class-
room teaching and accompany students to one of
the three regional hospitals being utilized for clinical
experience.
If you would like to be part of a dynamic, progres-
sive nursing education programme, you are invited
to write for further information to:
PRINCIPAL
OSLER SCHOOL OF NURSINC
206 Church Street, Weston, Ontario
Telephone: Toronto - 247-8562
APRIL 1967
AN EXTENSION COURSE
IN NURSING UNIT ADMINISTRATION
Nurses interested in enrolling for the Extension Course
in Nursing Unit Administration should submit their
applications not later than June 1 st, 1967. Appli-
cations will be accepted from nurses who are en-
gaged as assistant head nurses, head nurses or
supervisors and who are unable to attend a univer-
sity school of nursing. Directors of nursing in small
hospitals may also apply.
The course begins with a five-day workshop in Sep-
tember, followed by a seven month period of home-
study. A final five-day workshop will be held in
May 1968.
The Extension Course in Nursing Unit Administration
is jointly sponsored by the Canadian Nurses' Associa-
tion and the Canadian Hospital Association.
Information and application forms may be obtained
by writing to:
Director,
EXTENSION COURSE IN NURSING UNIT ADMINISTRATION
25 Imperial Street
Toronto 7, Ontario
THE MONTREAL GENERAL HOSPITAL
oilers a
6 month Advanced Course in
Operating Room Technique and
Management to
REGISTERED NURSES
with a year's Graduate experience
in an Operating Room.
Classes commence in September and
March for selected classes of
8 students
For further information apply to :
The Director of Nursing
THE MONTREAL GENERAL HOSPITAL
Montreal 25, Quebec
THE CANADIAN NURSE 79
Director of
Nursing Education
This is an unusual opportunity for an R.N., experi-
enced in nursing education, to assume the responsibi-
lity of organizing and operating a new I 25-student
school. In order to make this one of the outstanding
schools of its kind. the Board expects the Director
to institute a program consistent with the latest
thinking in the field of nursing education.
The school is being established in new buildings. with
up-to-date equipment, at Comer Brook, Newfound-
land, adjacent to, but independent of, the Hospital
and will offer a strictly educational program with no
service aspect except that required for experience.
Comer Brook is not "the sticks'" Including its en-
virons, its population is 45,000. It is situated on the
Humber River, nestled in the
mountains and has been described
as one of the most beautiful cities
in North America.
The
Thorne
Group
Ltd.
If you qualify and desire to pur-
sue this opening further, please
write, quoting File No. 461, to our
Toronto office, 101 Richmond
Street West.
MANAGEMENT CONSULTANTS
TORONTO MONTREAL WINNIPEG
Unique. convenient
- (
j.R..D
t
/(ì1 f,
.' .it! )'
SHAPE conforms anatomically to surfa-
ces of the interglutal cleft
SECURE during all normal activity with-
out adhesive tape
COMFORTABLE for the patient
STERILE. and highly absorbent. Made of
smooth. lint free exterior
BUTTERflY SHAPED
ANORECTAL DRESSIN G
CONVENIENT and VERSATILE for use
dry or with topical medication on central
portion.
Available from all recognized
vi Surgical Dealers or from
WIN lEY-MORRIS CO. lTD.
M Surgical products division
Montreal 26 Quebec
67-1
80 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Index
to
advertisers
April 1967
Ames Company of Canada, Ltd.
Bland Uniforms Limited
Boehringer Ingelheim Products
The British Drug Houses (Canada) Ltd.
Brown Shoe Company of Canada, Ltd.
Canadian Tampax Corporation Limited
Canadian University Service Overseas
Clinic Shoemakers
Charles E. Frosst & Co.
Duquesne University Press
Lakeside Laboratories (Canada) Ltd.
Lewis-Howe Company (Turns)
C.V. Mosby Co.
J. T. Posey Company
Reeves Company .
W. B. Saunders Company
Scholl Mfg. Co. Ltd.
Sterilon of Canada
Uniforms Registered
United Surgical Corp.
White Sister Uniform Inc.
Winley-Morris Company Ltd.
Winthrop Laboratories
Advertising
Manager
_Ruth H. Baumel,
The Canadian Nurse
50 The Driveway,
Ottawa 4, Ontario
Advertising Representatives
Richard P. Wilson,
219 East Lancaster Avenue,
Ardmore, Penna. 19003
Vanco Publications,
170 The Donway West,
Suite 408, Don Mills, Onto
Member of Canadian
Circulation Audit Board Inc.
26
6
12
5
49, 16
21
10
2
51
62
1
52
18, 19
23
22
14
10
24
Cover III
50
Cover II
17
Cover IV
GÐ:J
APRil 1%7
May 1967
U
IVERSrTY OF OTTARA
SCHOOL OF NURSING
01"1 Aili A, ONT.
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DESIGNED AND CREATED FOR THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF GRADUATE NURSES
SERVING AT "THE MAN AND HIS HEALTH PAVILION"
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WHITE SISTER AT EXPO 67:
As a co-sponsor of the important "Man and His Health Pavilion" and its unique "Intense Electronic Observation
Nurses' Station", White Sister has created the "Centennial Uniform" as a gift for the exclusive use of the Graduate
Nurses who will come from all parts of Canada to be on-duty at this "Nurses' Station".
THE STYLE:
Selected from twenty-one original White Sister fashions submitted to consultants from the Canadian Corporation for
the 1967 World's Exhibition . . . the "Centennial Uniform" represents, most clearly, the forward image of our
Centennial year so perfectly blended with the look of professional dignity. With its uniquely sculptured shawl collar,
bearing its proud Expo 67 pin, its modern softly fanning skimmer shape, convertible 3/4 sleeves that fold up to
short and White Sister's famed action back . . . it is, most surely. the right style for such a significant. event.
"CAPRICE" THE EXCITING FABRIC:
"Caprice" a very special new intimate blend of 65% Fortrel & 35% combed cotton in a lovely bengaline weave was
carefully selected for the "Centennial Uniform". Because of "Caprice", this uniform will pertorm as beautifully as it
looks. It provides the strength and easy-care qualities of Fortrel plus the soft and supple comfort features of fine
combed cotton. It is quite beautiful, subtly lustrous and uniquely luxurious. It is one of the finest uniform fabrics ever
created and though nurses cannot purchase the exclusive "Centennial Uniform", they can find its very same "Caprice"
fabric in many other select White Sister styles.
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CREATED by WHITE SISTER UNIFORMS
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Lippincott
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Lippincott now provides teaching transparencies-in arresting color-for the overhead pro-
jector. The following series are available: Fundamentals 0/ Nursing (163 transparencies) ·
Drugs and Solutions (36 transparencies) · First Aid (51 transparencies) · Bandaging and
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For further information, please write: J. B. Lippincott Company of Canada Ltd.,
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Jf J. B. Lippincott is now the exclusive distributor for the above series, developed by and fonnerly 'Jl
1l distributed by the Robert 1. Brady Company. Projectors are also available frop! Lippincott. jf
The
Canadian
Nurse
D 'l;
A monthly journal for the nurses of Canada published
in English and french editions by the Canadian Nurses' Association
Volume 63, Number 5
May 1967
27 Editorial
28 Wadhams' Outpost Nursing Station S. Johnson
31 Medical Intensive Care S. Staples
35 Poison Control as a Nursing Function L. Pearson
38 Drug Protection for Canadians E. M. Ordway
42 A Tropical Disease -- in Quebec S. Lauzé
43 The Child Care Worker in Psychiatry
The views expressed in the various articles are the views of the authors and do not
necessarily represent the policies or views of the Canadian Nurses' Association.
4 Letters
7 News
46 Books
21 Names
25 Dates
50 Accession List
Photo counesy of St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, H.C. Mrs. SaIly Staples, author
of article on page 31, is seen in the Medical Intensive Care Unit at St. Paul's.
Executive Director: Helen K. Mussallem .
Editor: Vtrgtnla A. LIndabury . Assistant
Editor: Gtennls N. ZlIm . Editoriat Assistant:
Carla D. Penn . Circulation Manager: Pler-
rette Hotte . Advertising Manager: Ruth H.
Baumet . Subscription Rates: Canada: One
Year, $4.50; 1wo years. $8.00. Fureign: One
Year. $5.00; two years, $9.00. Single copies:
50 cents each. Make cheques or money orders
pa}able to The Canadian Nurse. Change of
Address: Fûur weeks' notice and the old
address as well as the new are necessary. Not
responsible for journals lost in mail due to
error
in address.
@ Canadian Nurses' Association, 1967
Manuscript Information: "The Canadian
Nurse" welcomes unsolicited articles. All
manuscripts should be typed, doubte-spaced,
on one side of unruled paper leaving wide
margins. Manuscripts are accepted for revicw
for exclusive publication. The editor reserves
the right to make the usuat editorial changes.
Photol(raphs (glossy prints) and graphs and
diagrams (drawn in india ink on white paper)
are welcomed with such articles. The editor
is not committed to publish all articles sent,
nor to indicate defimte dates of publication.
Authorized as Second-Class Mail by the Post
Office Department. Ottawa, and for _ payment
of postage in cash. Postpaid at Montreal.
Return Postage Guaranteed. 50 The Driveway.
Ottawa 4. Ontario.
For patient who require
comprehensive, detailed care, the
intensive care unit is the logical
environment. Here, a round-the-clock
staff can focus its attention and
equipment on the early diagnosis of
patient complications, as well as
on emergency, resuscitative measures.
Concern recently has been
expressed, however, over the rapid
development of ICUs in
North America. Some doctors are
convinced that hospital personnel do
not fully appreciate the problems
and posible hazards that are inherent
in the establishment and operation
of such a unit. They are concerned
that. in the haste to set up an ICU,
essential pre-planning may be
disregarded.
Frequently, for example, plans for
staffing are ignored until the ICU
is ready for operation. And not all
hospitals are able to attract sufficient
or suitable nurses to staff the unit.
One study of the care given in ICUs,
reported in the November 1966 issue
of Nursing Outlook, shows that
staffing varied from one nurse per
patient to one nurse for seven
patients. Further. the study revealed
"shocking discrepancies in the
quality of nursing care given."
ICUs can be hazardous for
patients if their operation is not
planned and supervised. In his
article "Monitors That Save Lives
Can Also Kill" The Modern
Hospital, March 1967), Dr. Paul E.
Stanley points out that the electrical
shock hazard posed by medical
instruments may be a serious threat
to patients. Faulty equipment and
lack of inspection, inadequately-
trained personnel, disregard for
safety precautions - all can mean
death for the patient.
Infection and psychological trauma
are two other potential hazards for
patients in ICUs. One physician
recently stated that it is unsound,
because of the risk of infection, to
lump all seriously ill patients in
one unit. Another, speaking from the
psychological point of view, said
that patients in ICUs are subject to
severe trauma that can produce
psychiatric reactions. He suggests
modification in the structure and
operation of ICUs to encourage more
uninterrupted periods of sleep, and
reduction of the "sensory monotony
of the environment." - Editor.
I1A Y 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 3
letters
{
Letters to the editor are welcome.
Only signed letters will be considered for publication
Name will be withheld at the writer's request.
Comments on comments
Dear Editor:
I am a Briti
h registerd nurse now work-
ing in Nova Scotia and would like to add
my comments to the letters "Is this nurs-
ing?" (Nov., 1966), "Unfair to blame
nurses" (Jan., 1967) and "No critici
m"
(Feb., 1967).
In December I entered the obstetrical
unit of a large Halifax hospital to have
my first child. The care and attention
that I received in labor and delivery was
excellent. However, there was another side
to the coin - the care that I received
after being transferred to a private room
was, on the whole, disgustingly poor. I
requested a basin as I was still wearing
the dirty shirt that I had on in the delivery
room. The answer was, "Oh well. I'm
going to bathe you in a minute."
Almost four hours later I was given the
bath by a nurse. I have observed students
giving a better bed bath during their first
weeks of training. I had to ask for drinking
water since at no time prior to this had
anybody been in to see if I required any-
thing. One morning I asked a nurse for two
A.P.C. and C. tablets for my headache.
As she left the room she shouted down the
hall, "2q wants something for a head-
ache."
After my discharge from hospital, I
decided that I had been unlucky and met
all the indifferent nurses in one unit; how-
ever, I was very sad to discover soon
afterwards that this was not so. Last week
I had to have minor surgery at the other
large hospital in this city. At no stage
was anything explained or any reassurance
given to me until five minutes before the
Pentothal was administered. Although I
have been nursing for many years I have
a fear of anesthetics. Placed in the role
of patient, I found it hard to be calm
and objective about the procedure to be
performed.
I am only too sorry that I have to agree
wholeheartedly with "Distressed Reader,
Ontario." Even in my own hospital I some-
times feel ashamed that I belong to the
nursing profession. Have we become so
technical that the basic concept of nursing
has to be discarded? Where is the love
and respect of humanity? - Disillusioned
R.N., Nova Scotia.
Correspondents sought
Dear Editor:
I am doing a senior research paper on
the health and emergency facilities avail-
able at Expo 67 and would appreciate
4 THE CANADIAN NURSE
receiving any data you may have. I would
also like to correspond with a nursing
student in Canada who could keep me
periodically infonned about the exposition.
(Miss) Sue Noble, Senior Student,
Samaritan Hospital, Ashland, Ohio 4480S.
Dear Editor:
As a graduate of the old Western Hos-
pital of Montreal, 1917, I would like to
get in touch with any of my classmates.
I think we should do something to com-
memorate this fiftieth year of our gradua-
tion, if only to write each other a letter.
I would like to hear from any of om
class, or former classes. - (Mrs.) A.D.
Buchanan (Mary M. Collins), 100 Arthur
SI. N., Guelph, Ontario.
Cranberry juice proves useful
Dear Editor:
In the February issue we read the excerpt
in "In A Capsule" regarding the use of
cranberry juice for patients with strong-
smelling urine. As this is a geriatric area
with 60 female patients who are frequently
incontinent, we decided to try this method.
We commenced a trial with four patients
and within two weeks we noticed a con-
siderable improvement in the odors of the
ward. We have continued to give six
ounces of cranberry juice to selected patients
each morning and the staff of this ward
is very pleased with the result. Thank you
for this helpful advice. - Shirley Til-
berry, Essondale, B.C.
Canadian nurses "made in U.S.A."
Dear Editor:
I find the sentiments expressed by Sharon
Johnston of Montreal in "Grumps" (Letters,
February, 1967) very interesting, and I
am inclined to agree. Nurses have been
seeking status for ages. first by aiming
at higher salaries and now by higher educa-
tion.
The aim of the American Nurses' Associa-
tion is for more education at the theoretical
level. But soon nurses will be so theo-
retically minded they will be of no practical
use. Granted that there will always be a
need for advanced education for nurses
who will be teachers, administrators and
so on, but how can nurses provide
superior service in their advanced role if
they cannot back it up with practical ex-
perience ?
I can see the day coming when so-called
mundane or routine nursing care will be
given by nursing assistants (who are paid
less than R.N.s.), and professional nurses
will be discussing the results of care car
ried out by others, and wondering wh
they feel somewhat dissatisfied.
I agree with someone else who wrot
that what is needed in nursing - and b
nurses - is devOl;ofl. And I fail to se
how that can be achieved in the classroom
Articles pertaining to maternal ani
child care are of particular interest to m
as I am a midwife as well as R.N. Th
January 1967 issue carried a report 0]
"Effectiveness of Nursing Visits to Prim
igravida Mothers." When I managed t.
plow through it I was struck by th.
reasons given for the need for the stud}
Anyone who can seriously feel that th1
mother today can receive all the help sh.
needs from her family physician and fron
knowledge acquired through her readin!
and general education, is either an optimis
or rather short-sighted.
I sincerely believe the non-u
e of mid
wives in this country and in the Unite<
States is a waste. I realize that I am buck
ing the trend, but before being classifie<
as completely out of date, I would dra\l
to your attention the infant and materna
mortality rates. Canada and the U.S. de
not stand up very well in comparison witt
other countries, in spite of our higher
standard of living.
I notice that many, if not most, of YOUl
authors who have postgraduate nursin
education received it in the United States
Is that why we are drifting in their direc
tion? The best in the U.S. would compan
favorably with the best in the world. BUI
we to not need to succumb to the notior
that because it is "made in U.S.A." il
must be good. - Mrs. GT. Marek, Beard
more, Ontario.
Articles provoke thought
Dear Editor:
Congratulations to Jean Wilkinson or
her interesting article "Deserter of People'
(March, 1967) in which she describes her
unusual job at the Ontario Veterinary Col
lege in Guelph.
In the same issue, I found the articl
by Mr. Maloney, "Standardization," alsc
of interest. I am sure many feel as I do
that this concept should be extended tc
the area of registration examinations. Surel}
a nurse's ability is not a matter of geog
raphy. During Canada's Centennial year
with so much emphasis on national unity.
what better project could our profession
undertake than the establishment of national
exams ? I was pleased to read that this issue
came under review at the CNA Board 01
Directors' meeting, - L.H., Sarnia, Ontario
MAY 1967
some nurses call it the PAPER TAPE
physicians call it the NON-IRRITATING TAPE
patients call it the COMFORTABLE TAPE
\
"
MICROPORE Surgical Tape
The only microporous tape.
Nurses find it ideal for routine dressina and bandaging. Its
unique microporous construction permits unequalled evap-
oration of perspiration. Maceration is prevented and dress-
ings do not sweat off. Micropore Tape is so thin, airy, light-
weight it looks and feels paper thin. It unwinds freely, doesn't
tangle, tears off easily. And with Micropore Tape, valuable time
is not lost from daily rounds because of messy adhesive residue
to clean up after removal, or tape burn to be treated.
Physicians appreciate the notable freedom from skin sensitiza-
tion and irritation even in tape-sensitive patients. Total micro-
porosity permits underlying skin to function in a normal
manner. Unlike other adhesive tapes, Micropore Surgical Tape
is X-ray clear.
..
"
\.
\
Your patients are more comfortable with lighter, cooler, less
bulky dressings. Their convalescence is not complicated by
distressing skin reactions. And there is no apprehension at the
prospect of "inching off" or sudden "shock removal." Micro-
pore Tape peels off painlessly without pulling hairs.
No other tape has bef'n reported in the literature so extensively
or so favorably. (1) Depaulis, J.: La Presse Medicale 72:841,1964. (2)
Golden, T.: Am. J. Surl!. 100:789, 1960. (3) Hu. F., et al.: J. Invest.
Dermat. 37:409, 1961. (4) Weisman, P. A.: Brit. J. Plastic Surl!. 16:379.
1963. (5) Valentin.: Gazette Med. de France 71:1430, 1964. (6) Murray.
P. J. B.: Bnt. Med. J. 2:1030. Oct. 26, 1963.
3M Medical Products, P.O. Box 2757, London, Canada.
or leading Surgical Suppliers in your area.
medical Products 3m
P.O. 2757 LONDON. CANADA
I'1AY 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 5
You, too, need
plenty of fresh air
and sunshine!
4
Jet CPA to Hawaii
(for about 10% down)
"
And have fun' Hawaii is the
place to let yourself go. To lift
your sagging spirits. To enjoy life
to the fullest. From swinging
Waikiki Beach to the quieter
Neighbour Islands, Hawaii is a
wonderland of sunshine,
surf, coral beaches.
What's more, a holiday in Hawaii
needn't be expensive. There
are ocean-front hotels with
reasonable rates, inexpensive
housekeeping apartments,
even live-in trailers.
See your travel agent or
Canadian Pacific soon.
...
"
. Example down payments - $45.90 tram
Toronto; $40.20 lrom Winnipeg: $35.80
Irom Calgary; $28.80 tram Vancouver -
economy excursion round trip.
,
..
..
Let
jet y-ou there.
..
.
...
...
.
-
-
..
,.-...
-
.......
_.
.....
-
!IJ!IIIIIIWI
.......
.....
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"-
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t
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-
...
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. I
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CANADIAN PACIFIC AIRLINES
C"N"D...N P"CIF'C - PL"NES I TR..'NS I TRuCKS I SHIPS I TELECOMMUNIC..TlONS I WORLD S MOST COMPLETE TR..NSPORT..TlON SYSTEM
news
::;ap Narrows Between Canadian
md American Salary Goals
-\ national salary goal for Canadian
lUrses. set by the Canadian Nurses' Asso-
'iation. has almost closed the gap between
,tarting salary goals for Canadian and
'\merican nurses.
By a motion passed by the Association's
Joard of Directors meeting in Ottawa last
\farch. a salary goal of $6,000 for entrance
nto nursing practice in 1968 from a basic
liploma program was adopted. The Board
Ilso adopted a beginning salary of $6,600
.or those entering practice from a bac-
'alaureate program.
The American Nurses' Association set a
,imilar national goal of $6.500 minimum
,tarting salary last year.
The new salary goal means a $500
ninimum monthly salary for Canadian
lurses. The Association, however, has no
:>ower to implement the increases. but set
he goal as a negotiation target for the
lrovincial organizations.
Two provinces. British Columbia and
:)uebec. already have recommended 1968
.tarting salaries that equal to the goal set by
he Association. Ontario has recommended a
$475 starting salary and Saskatchewan a
450 starting minimum.
New Brunswick. whose recommended
'a
ic salary for 1968 is the lowest of the
10 provinces. is the only province whose
!Oal has already been achieved. Dr. Stephen
Weyman. the province's health minister,
mnounced on March 4. 1967, that New
Brunswick nurses would receive a 20 per-
ent salary increase over a two-year agree-
ment. Starting salaries for general staff
nurses will be raised from $3,720 to $4,476
annually by 1968. This is equivalent to
.1 $372 monthly salary.
In announcing the Association's stand
on salaries, CNA President Reverend Sister
Mary Felicitas said it is important to the
health standards of all our people that
the nursing profession continue to increase
in quantity and quality to meet the demands
for better care.
'"The present economic status of nurses
can be a deterring factor in the recruitment
of young people in a very competitive
ociety and can keep qualified nurses from
practicing their profession." she said.
Similar reasons were expressed by Jo
Eleanor Elliott. President of the American
Nurses. Association when that national goal
was established last summer. She told
reporters at the time. that there is "a direct
relationship between the economic position
of nursing and quality of patient care."
MAY 1967
Nursing Education Committee Recommends
Strong Controversial Policies
Recommendations proposed by the Committee on Nursing Education
and accepted by the Board of Directors of the Canadian Nurses' Associa-
tion at their meeting in Ottawa in March reflect strong, go-ahead policies.
The committee presented a list of Beliefs About Nursing Education, and four
strong recommendations calling for immediate and appropriate action on
the Beliefs. Board members supported the committee's actions and accepted
the stated beliefs with only minor changes.
Major points on which the committee complete statement on CNA policies, be-
requested action are: liefs and activities for the next biennium.
· definition of two distinct categories of The committee noted "Current trends
nurse practitioners eligible for licensure as in health appear to be toward mOTe
registered nurses, comprehen
ive health services whose nature
. differentiation in educational programs and complexity will demand an increasing
for each category, number of highly qualified nursing person-
neL" The committee therefore called for
· placement of nursing education within
the general education system. immediate action to encourage recruitment
of suitable candidates into nursing prac-
· phasing out as soon as feasible of present
titioner programs rather than assistant
programs for licensed certified registered
assistants (nurse aides. practical or psychiat- programs.
In presenting the Beliefs. the committee
ric nurses).
emphasized that there is a rapid growth
· assistance to qualified members of present of workers in nursing who are inadequately
programs of licensed auxiliary personnel prepared for or geared to future needs
in nursing to gain preparation at the of nursing. The report to the board said:
diploma level. and "Tremendous resources (financial, clinical,
· preparation of a new category of workers .md human) are being used for the pre para-
to assist in IIoll-nursing activities at the tion of nursing assistants," and that these
secondary school level. "could be better utilized in preparing nurs-
The Beliefs will be introduced into a ing practitioners."
CNA Headquarters
Unopened But Named
It has a name now, even though the new
headquarters of the Canadian Nurses'
Association is not yet officially open. The
name "CNA House," which has been used
un-officially since the Association moved
into the building over a year ago, was
chosen as the official title at the meeting
of the Board of Directors held in Ottawa
in March.
Original planning of CNA House was
done by a House Committee. Mildred
Walker, chairman of the committee, died
this January, shortly after her retirement
as senior nursing consultant in the oc-
cupational health division of the Department
of National Health and Welfare. Other
members of the original committee were
Evelyn Pepper, vice chairman, Mary Ac-
land. and Mima MacLaren.
The opening of CNA House originally
scheduled for March 15, 1967, was post-
poned out of respect for the memory of
Govenor General Georges P. Vanier. It
has been tentatively scheduled to coincide
with the next Board meeting to be held
in Ottawa, September 27-29, 1967.
National Exams For Canada?
A national testing service for Canadian
nurses is receiving serious consideration
by the national and provincial associations.
The national service was recommended by
the Board of Directors at the mid-March
meeting in Ottawa. The service would
eventually offer, in both languages, registra-
tion examinations in the five nursing sub-
jects: medical, surgical, psychiatric, pediat-
ric, and obstetrical nursing.
The Board authorized the national office
staff to obtain consultant services to develop
a plan for a national testing service and to
determine the requirements regarding peT-
sonnel and facilities.
At present, the Ontario and New Bruns-
wick Associations are using examinations
prepared by the RNAO Testing Service.
The other provincial associations are using
examinations from the National League
for Nursing. In Quebec. only English-
speaking applicants write NLN test pool
papers.
The Board's decision was prompted by
the position taken by the American Nurses'
Association at their biennial meeting in
June 1966: the ANA has requested that
THE CANADIAN NURSE 7
news
NLN examinations no longer be given
outside the USA.
As considerable time is required to set
up a Canadian testing service, the Board
recommended that provincial associations
use the testing services of RNAO in the
meantime.
CNA Offers
Consultation Services
The Board of Directors of the Canadian
Nurses' Association has defined its policy
concerning consultation services offered by
national office staff. Approval of recom-
mendations suggested by the national office
staff was given at the Board meeting at
CNA House in March. The recommenda-
tions were based on practices in other nurs-
ing and allied agencies.
Services offered are of two kinds: inter-
pretation and consultation.
Interpretative visits arc made on behalf
of the Association to interpret Association
objectives to sister organizations - inter-
national, national or others. Expenses
incurred on these trips will be assumed
by CNA.
Consultive services are offered to help
other associations to improve nursing care.
When consultation is requested by a mem-
ber association, CNA assumes the expenses
for at least the first five days. For prolong-
ed visits to a member organization, CNA
will pay the consultant's salary, while the
provincial organization pays transportation
and living expenses. Consultation fees to
non-member organizations will be $80 a
day plus transportation and hotel expenses.
Reorganization of structures initiated in
1965 and approved by CNA members at
the July 1966 General Meeting has made
this revision of policy necessary.
Requests for consultation are addressed
to the Executive Director. Acceptance is
subject to the nature of services requested
and CNA's resources.
Royal Commission on Status of
Women To Get Brief from Nurses
The Canadian Nurses' Association will
submit a Brief to the Royal Commission on
the Status of Women. the CNA Board of
Directors decided at their March meeting
in Ottawa.
The Commission, announced by the
federal government in February, will be
chaired by Mrs. John Bird (Ann Francis).
It will investigate women's roles and make
recommendations to the federal govern-
ment to ensure that women receive equal
rights in every sphere of Canadian society.
CNA's Committee on Social and Econo-
mic Welfare recommended the submission
of the Brief on behalf or nurses, and sug-
gested areas to be incorporated. Items to
8 THE CANADIAN NURSE
be included, among others, were: considera-
tion of nursery schools to enable mothers
to return to the profession, instigation of
maternity leave without loss of benefits,
and greater income tax deductions for the
working wife.
Although the CNA is a professional
organization, and includes men among its
membership, the Board pointed out that
its members comprise a very large group
of working women; more than one-half of
all employed nurses are married, according
to latest CNA statistics. The Board there-
fore believes that a statement from org-
anized nurses is necessary.
Several provincial associations - New-
foundland, British Columbia, Manitoba, and
Saskatchewan - indicated that they may
also submit statements to the Commission.
Special Meeting Planned
For Provincial Registrars
The ten provincial officers responsible
for registration will undertake an in-depth
study of registration requirements and
licensing responsibilities for foreign nurses.
This suggestion was approved by the
Board of Directors of the Canadian Nurses'
Association at their meeting in Ottawa in
mid-March.
Miss Helena Reimer, secretary-registrar
for the Association of Nurses of the
Province of Quebec, told the Board that
the meeting had been requested at a
conference of executive secretaries and
registrars held just previous to the board
meeting. Miss Reimer pointed out that
several provinces - especially those that
offer higher basic salaries - receive many
applications from out-of-province nurses.
The conference could investigate ways
and means to coordinate registration re-
quirements.
Miss Lillian Pettigrew, associate executive
director of CNA, was named chairman of
the conference, which is planned for late
fall.
"Becduse of misunderstandings about dif-
ferences in provincial registration require-
ments, nurses moving from province to
province or coming from another country
are often critical of complexities in obtain-
ing registration," said Miss Pettigrew. "It
is hoped that the investigation may suggest
ways of speeding up the processing of
applicants' credentials."
First Canadian Conference
On Maternal and Child Health
Held in Ottawa
Canada's infant death rate c9mpares
poorly with rates of other countries, such
as Sweden and the Netherlands, Health
Minister Allan MacEachen told delegates in
his opening address to the conference on
Maternal and Child Health held in Ottawa
March [9-22, 1967. The four-day confe-
rence was called by the federal department
of health to help assess ways and means
The Handicapped at Expo 67
Handicapped per-
sons have not been
forgotten by those
planning Expo 67,
according to Expo
officials. All buil-
duings and facili-
ties constructed by
the Expo Corporation are in accord with
recommendations published in 1965 as a
supplement to the National Building
Code of Canada. The supplement, Build-
ing Standards for the Handicapped.
1965, expressed concern that handicap-
ped and aged persons often are frustrat-
ed by the difficulty in getting about
in public places.
The Montreal world fair, to be
held from April 28 to October 27,
demonstrates the feasibility of planning
facilities that permit easy access for
the handicapped. A special symbol in-
dicates entrances and facilities specially
prepared for the convenience of handi-
capped visitors.
A specially designed car for the Expo
transportation system, called "La Bal-
lade," will carry 50 handicapped pas-
sengers in comfort and without fatigue.
The car will accommodate up to 25
wheelchairs. This train will leave from
Place d'Accueil on MacKay Pier four
times a day.
Special groups of 60 persons can rent
other transportation for several hours
for about $2.00 each; an Expo guide
will accompany the group.
Wheelchairs will be available for rent
at the Expo site. Cost will be about
$5.00 per day; a partial refund will be
given.
Expo consultants advised all pavillion
architects to consider the handicapped
in their designs. As part of the overall
landscaping effect, ramps rather than
exterior stairways, were provided. Rest-
rooms are planned with special fixtures
and wide doors to facilitate the visitor
in wheelchair.
of meeting maternal and child health needs
in a changing society.
About 150 delegates - mostly doctors,
nurses, and social workers - represented
provincial departments of health and major
voluntary organizations concerned with the
program areas.
Four experts with extensive professional
background and experience participated as
consultants throughout the conference. Sir.
Dugald Baird, formerly Regius Professor
(Continued on page 10)
MAY 1967
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-BRAMPTON.ONTARIO-
BETTER TO START WITH.
BEST TO STAY WITH
news
(Cuntinued from paRe 8)
of Midwifery and Gynaecology. University
of Aberdeen. Scotland; Dr. Helen Wallace.
Professor of Materna1 and Child Hea1th,
University of California, Berkeley; Madame
Ie Docteur Nathalie P. Masse, Directeur
de I'Enseignement, Centre Internatiorull de
rEnfance, Paris; and Dr. Leona Baumgart-
ner, visiting Professor of Social Medicine.
Harvard Medical School, Boston, gave the
mam addresses, and participated in the dis-
cussions.
The conference was mainly community
oriented. and concentrated on areas of
maternal health and the newborn, infant,
and toddler.
Dr. Gregory Tompkins, associate profes-
sor of obstetrics and gynecology at Dalhou-
ie University. Ha1ifax. pointed out that
Canada's maternal death rate is also com-
paratively high. as is the rate of infant
deaths immediately following birth. He em-
phasized good prenata1 care and ca1led for a
massive education program to be directed to
expectant mothers.
DANDRUFF
WARD
I
DANDRUFF
WARD
k-
You won't see this in your hospital
We're not trying to fool you.
We're making a point!
That dandruff is a serious medical
problem and the only truly effective
treatment is the medical one - Selsun
by Abbott.
Selsun clears up annoying, unsight-
ly dandruff in two or three treatments.
(thoroughly effective in 92% to 95%
cases reported 1 ).
You use it like any shampoo. Works
fast. Comes in a handy unbreakable
bottle. Leaves your hair glistening.
Really, there's no room for dandruff
in your professional or social life. Use
Selsun and get to the root of the
problem.
Precautions: Occasional sensitization
of the neck and external ear may
occur. Falling hair which may accom-
pany scalp treatment is usually due to
an impoverished or diseased condition
of the hair and scalp.
1 Slinger, W. N., and Hubbard, D. M., Treet-
ment 01 Seborrheic Dermatitis with e Shempoo
Conteining Selenium Disulfide, Arch. Dermal.
& Syph., 64:41, 1951.
eJ
Selsun*
-Trademark registered
(Selenium SuI/ide Detergent Suspension. U.S.P.)
ABBOTT LABORATORIES LIMITED Halifax, Montreel . Toronto. Winmpeg . Vancouver
10 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Dr. Helen Wa1lace pointed out that then
were some preventable factors in the death!
of children age 1-4 years. The three mair
causes of death in this age group are
accidents, influenza and pneumonia, anc
congenital malformations.
Fun reports on the conference, and boun
copies of major speeches, will be availab1e
later for loan to nurses through the CNA
Library, 50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4. Thf
accession list will contain notice of availa.
bility.
CNF Names Officers
Miss M. Jean Anderson, director of nurs.
ing at Victoria Public Hospita1 in Frede. I
ricton, N.B., was elected president of thf
Canadian Nurses' Foundation at the Board I
of Director's meeting he1d at CNA House:
in Ottawa on March 15, 1967. I
The nine-member Board also e1ecteo
Miss Vema Huffman, public hea1th nursin!!
consultant in the Department of National
Health and Welfare, Ottawa, as vice-presi.
dent. Both positions are for one-year terms.
Dr. Helen K. Mussa1lem, executive di
rector of the Canadian Nurses' Association,
was appointed as secretary/treasurer. The
Board also named Miss Dorothy Percy as
chairman of the nominations committee
and Miss Huffman as chairman of the selec-
tions committee for the awards.
The Canadian Nurses' Foundation is a
national incorporated body organized to
acquire funds to provide scholarships for
nurses and to stimulate research in nursing
science. The CNF presently gives scholar-
ships of up to $3,500 each for study at
the master's level, and awards of up to
$4.500 each to doctora1 candidates.
Committee Vacancies Filled
Vacancies on various committees were
filled during the recent meeting of the Board
of Directors of the Canadian Nurses' Asso-
ciation. Several of the appointments were
necessitated by the death of Dr. Katherine
E MacLaggan, former CNA president.
Miss Louise Miner, first vice-president
of the Association, was appointed to the
CMA-CHA-CNA liason committee. Sister
Mary Fe1icitas, the new president of the As-
sociation, was named to the Canadian Wel-
fare Council, the Nursing Unit Administra-
tion Course Advisory Committee, and to
the Board of Governors of the Victorian
Order of Nurses for Canada.
Appointed as a representative of CNA
to a newly formed steering committee on
Canadian Conference on Hospita1-Medical
Staff Relations was the executive direc-
tor of the Association, Dr. H.K. Mussallem.
The appointment of Miss Evelyn Pepper
to the Committee on Nominations was also
ratified. Other members on the Nominations
Committee include A. Isobel MacLeod,
chairman, Sheila Nixon, Margaret Page
and Mary Wilson.
(Continued on page 12)
MAY 1967
....
your
Own
hands:
,
soft testimony to your patients' comfort
Your own hands are testimony to Dermassage's effectiveness. Applied by your
soft, practiced hands, Dermassage alleviates your patient's minor skin irritations
and discomfort. It adds a welcome, soothing touch to tender, sheet-burned
skin; relieves dryness, itching and cracking. . . aids in preventing decubitus
ulcers. In short, Dermassage is "the topical tranquilizer". . , it relaxes the patient
. . . helps make his hospital stay more pleasant.
You will like Dermassage for other reasons, too. A body rub with it saves your time
and energy. Massage is gentle, smooth and fast. You needn't follow-up with
talcum and there is no greasiness to clean away. It won't stain or soil linens or
bed-clothes. You can easily make friends with Dermassage-send for a sample!
Now available in new, 16 ounce plastic container with convenient flip-top closure.
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-T"ACEfoIAf!1oC
'AY 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 11
news
(Continued from paRe /0)
CNA and You
"From where you sit, it may appear
to be a long way to CNA's Headquarters
in Ottawa and its influence on your work
and your professional life may appear cor-
respondingly remote."
But the influence of the Canadian Nurses'
Association on the individual Canadian
nurse is far from remote, as a recently
published pamphlet "What the CNA does
for you" clearly points out.
In a personal and straightforward man-
ner this small pamphlet describes the four
main areas where CNA directly concerns
its members. [t also points out that its
effectiveness is directly related to "support
and participation it receives from you, its
individual members."
The Association, as the unified voice of
nurses across the country, can exert a tre-
mendous influence on the entire profession
as long as its members are aware of it.
This pamphlet was prepared "to explain
briefly what the CNA does for you and to
TO
PLAN
FOR A LIFETIME
-. \.
.!.: '-
, . \
/':.." I "
'ì}
' ,A
\
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'
,
"
Marriage is a responsibility that aften reo
quires both spiritual and medical assistance
from professional people. In many instances
a nurse may be called upon for medical
counsel for the newly married young w....
man, mother, or a mature woman
"To Plan For II. lifetime, Plan With Your Doc.
tor" is a pamphlet that was wriHen to assist
in preparing a woman for patienf-physician
discussion of family planning methods. The
booklet stresses the importance to the indi.
vidual of selecting the method that most
suits her religious, medical, and psychalogical
needs.
\..
'-
\
\
,
Nurses are invited to USe the coupon below
to order copies for use as an aid in coun.
selling. They will be supplied by Mead John-
son laboratories as a free hn/ice.
Møa!!Jïj iTimm1
LABORATGRIES
'lÝ:fcon;11 Æ/r Li/i:
I ORDER FORM
I
I Please send
I Name
I Addre..
I
L_____
-----------\
I
copies of "To Plan For A Lifetime, Plan With You. I
Dodor" to:
I
I
... I
I
To: Mead Johnson laboratories,
III St. Clair Avenue West,
Toronto 7, Ontario.
12 THE CANADIAN NURSE
solicit your interest and participation so i
can be more effective in the work bein!
done."
For free copies of this publication writt
to the Canadian Nurses' Association, 50 Thl
Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario.
US Library Council
Invites CNA Membership
The Canadian Nurses' Association ha' J
become the only non-American agency OJ
the Interagency Council on Library Tool:
for Nursing. The Council is an independen
advisory body composed of representative: _,0
from agencies and organizations with aI
active interest in library aids to nursing
Miss Margaret L. Parkin, CNA Librarian II
had attended the March meeting of tht In
Council as a guest. In announcing the invi
tation, she anticipated that participatior
in the Council's activities would be reflect
ed in improved CNA library services an(
that all Canadian nurses would benefit.
"This membership will give the CNA ar
excellent opportunity to share in exchangf
of ideas, plans and experiences and to ex
plore nursing library needs with othel
groups," said Miss Parkin.
c"
Unique Nursing Program
Scheduled For BClT
Ii
British Columbia's first two-year basic 8,
diploma program is scheduled to begin thi! 1,
September at the British Columbia Institute
of Technology. Amendments to the Nurses
Act passed recently, removed restrictions cal
ling for a minimum three-year course. The M
Registered Nurses' Association of Britis1- TI
Columbia helped draft the new program.
The course will be the first of its kine
in Canada to offer a common instructior
to students enrolled both in nursing am 11
other medical technology options. It i!
hoped that this will encourage mutual under.
standing and foster an atmosphere of hanno-
ny between nursing students and other wor-
kers in the heal th field.
Newly appointed director of the nursif1l1
program is Barbara Blackwood Kozier, R.N.,
B.A., B.S.N., M.N. Mrs. Kozier is c0-
author of a new textbook Fundamentals oJ
Patient Care.
Clinical facilities for the program will bt
made available through outside hospitals
Approval-in-principle and a willingness te
collaborate in the development of the pro
gram have already been indicated by tW(
area hospitals, the Burnaby General ane .1
the Lions Gate.
Admission of 60 students per year i!
envisioned, with provision for expansion
Fluoridation Gets CNA Approval
The Canadian Nurses' Association ha:
officially endorsed fluoridation of water a!'
a public health measure.
This decision was made by the Board 0
Directors at their meeting March 16-17 ir
Ottawa.
MAY 1967
news
The Board based its endorsation on scien-
ific report
and studies of medical and
lublic health authorities in Canada and the
United States. and recommendations from
he World Health Organization, the Can-
Idian and American Medical Associations.
he U.S. Department of Health, the Can-
,dian Dental Association, the Health Lea-
we of Canada, as weIl as commendations
'rom the faculties of preventative medicine
)f 75 Canadian and American Universities.
RPN's Seek Recognition
in Ontario
The Psychiatric Nurses' Association of
)ntario has asked the College of Nurses of
)ntario to examine the po
sibility of change
n the provincial Nurses' Act to allow
)ntario registered nurses of the future to
lave one of two basic types of training.
.ach leading to registration: I. a physical..
)riented course; 2. a psychosocial-health-
)riented course.
This suggestion h,l
also been submitted
o the Registered Nurses. Association of
)ntario. The RNAO has indicated that this
opic will be discussed at the next RNAO
Board of Directors meeting. Mr. R. Ewart
Jrown. vice-president of the PNAO. i
also
In RNAO Director.
The PNAO is also preparing a brief to
he Committee on the Healing Arts. set up
mder the Public Enquiries Act of Ontario.
fhe psychiatric association has already sub-
nitted a brief to Dr. B. H. McNeel, direc-
or of psychiatric services for Ontario.
A general meeting of the psychiatric
lUrses unanimously passed a resolution that
he Associaton proceed toward the establish-
nent of a separate charter, but at the same
ime. explore every possibility for eventual
ncorporation under the College of Nurses
)f Ontario and RNAO.
At a press conference in late Mdrch. Mrs.
{.A. Dyson. R.P.N.. PNAO executive se-
:retary, said that RPNs ask for dual and
qual registration. Mr. Brown said. "We can
Iccept nothing less."
NLN Convention Opens
In New York This Month
The National League for Nursing Conven-
ion in New York will open Monday morn-
mg. May 8. with a keynote address by
John S. Millis, Ph. D., president of Western
Reserve University and Chairman of the
2itizens Commission on Graduate Medical
Education. The week-long convention pro-
ram will feature many other notable fi-
ures in health and education as it deve-
lops various facts of the convention theme,
"Nursing in the Health Revolution."
A film program featuring a new movie
premiere and one of the largest educational
v\AY 1967
I
Thermometer Registers Dollars Not Degrees
.
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A six-foot thermometer helped student nurses at St. Joseph's Hospital. Toronto.
to raise $115 for a mission run by the Oblate Fathers in the Northwest Territories.
The Christian Student Nurses club organized the projecl. Convenors Mary Syrotuik
(center) and Pam Dillon (left) and publicity chairman Pat Evans (right) planned an
advertising campaign to let staff know of the project and on SI. Valentine's Day set up
a collection booth decorated with photographs and Eskimo arts and crafts on loan
from the Department of Northern Affairs. Students constructed the thermometer of
plastic sheeting. red tape. and a red light bulb.
exhibit to be staged at a League convention
are also scheduled.
The membership will also vote on bylaw
changes for reorganization of the League
structure.
The convention runs from May 8 to 12
with major sessions at the New York Hilton
Hotel. The National Student Nurses' Asso-
ciation Convention, May 4-7, immediately
precedes the League meeting.
Each morning of the convention will be
devoted to general assemblies, with lunch-
eons, afternoon and evening sessions re-
served for business meetings and programs
of special interest groups.
MARN Responds to Report
The Manitoba Association of Registered
Nurses has issued a statement to its mem-
bers in reply to the Report of the Commit-
tee on the Supply of Nurses. The Report.
commis
ioned by the Manitoba Department
of Health in 1965, was tabled in the Legis-
lature in January of this year.
The Reply, prepared by an Ad Hoc
Committee within the Association, was pu-
blished in the MARN News Bulletin for
March. 1967.
The Association announced that it was
pleased that several recommendations made
by MARN to the Committee during its
investigations were accepted. The Committee
particularly endorsed the concept of two
types of nurse practitioners, each with dis-
tinct roles and functions.
The Association also endorsed the con-
cept of a register of nurses as suggested
in the Report and dedared its support of
recommendations on several other matters.
The MARN has asked for more informa-
tion and clarification of terms of reference
and functions of a proposed Permanent
Committee on Nursing, as suggested in the
Reporl. Other parts of the Report are also
marked for detailed study and the MARN
has requested a discussion with the Minister
of Health on these points.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 13
news
New Brunswick Students
Award Bursary
Judith McKay, a fourth year nursing
student at the University of New Brunswick,
received the $200 bursary awarded annually
by the New Brun
wick Student Nur
es' As-
sociation.
Miss Donna Malcolm, president of
NBSNA, said that the bursary is awarded to
a senior student who has been an active
chapter member.
The students' association raises the mo-
ney from fees. Each student in the province
pays $1.00 per year to NBSNA.
Miss McKay comes from Florenceville.
N.B. She has been an active member of
NBSNA and is, at present, president of the
nursing society at UNB.
University of Sherbrooke
Receives Grant
Quebec's Minister of Health. Jean-Paul
CloutIer, has announced a grant of one
million dollars to the Medical Center of
the University of Sherbrooke.
The grant permits the University to
begin work on a proposed three million
dollar project.
Facts about
Registered
Nurses in
Canada
Male School of Nursing to Close
The Alexian Brothers Hospital in Chica-
go will close its famous all male school
of nursing effective with the graduation
of the current freshman class in 1969.
According to Brother Flavian Renaud,
provincial for the brotherhood, the decision
is the result of a long and thorough study
of nursing education undertaken by a
committee of brothers since 1962. Brother
Flavian listed six major reasons that
convinced the committee of the correctness
of this decision.
I. A college program offers the educa-
tion best suited to qualify a man to ac-
cept leadership roles in nursing.
2. The brotht:rs recognize the value of
a coeducational program for men in nur-
sing. Society is accepting the male nurse
to a greater extent, and consequently many
schools are now anxious to admit them.
3. The congregation has a diminishing
need for the Alexian School, since the
majority of brothers attend university pro-
grams.
4. Qualified faculty are difficult to ob-
tain.
5. The school of nursing is a financial
burden to the hospital and congregation.
6. Nursing education in junior college
programs is low in tuition and provides
the student with an associate degree. Those
wishing to advance to a full college degree
are allowed more credits from a junior
college program than a diploma program
Brother Flavian emphasized that tht
brotherhood will maintain its interest ir
nursing education. Two of its hospitals an
already providing clinical facilities to col
lege and university programs, he said.
Work Conferences for Teachers
and Directors of Diploma
Nursing Programs
Teachers and directors of nursing pro
grams who are planning on implementing
two-year curriculum design would find il
worthwhile to attend a work conference
conducted by Dr. Mildred Montag and Dr
Alice Rines, Division of Nursing Education
Teachers College. Columbia University
June 5-9 and/or June 12-19. 1967.
The focus of the conference, June 5-9, is
on curriculum. The program will include
philosophy, organization of curricula, selec-
tion and organization of the content of nurs-
sing courses. and approaches to teaching
nursing.
The content of the conference, June 12-
16. 1967. will include trends, practices and
issues in adminstration, assessment of com-
munity resources, establishing and maintain-
ing relations with cooperating agencies, and
utilization of community agencies. Appli-
cation must be made to the Division of
Nursing Education by June I, 1967. Enrol-
ment limited. Registration fee $65.00 for
each conference.
Financial Assistance
Chart shows financial assistance granted to registered nurses for post-basic
university study, Canada, 1965. National organizations include the Canadian
Nurses' Foundation, Canadian Red Cross, St. John Ambulance, and Victorian
Order of Nurses. One province, which granted an additional $54,725, was
unable to identify the type of program; the money went to 107 nurses
(60 university diploma/certificate, 46 baccaulareate, 1 master's).
Type of Program
Total
Agency Granting University Post-basic Master's Dodorate
Financial Assistance Diploma/Certificate Baccalaureate
Amount Nurses Amount Nurses Amount Nurses Amount Nurses Amount Nurses
Expended Assisted Expended Assisted Expended Assisted Expended Assisted Expended Assisted
TOT AL5 $914,601 669 $568,520 449 $271,961 188 $55,150 26 $18,970 6
National Nursing 101,900 62 52,500 41 12,400 8 23,000 9 14,000 4
Organizations
Provincial Nurses 15,600 21 1,500 3 6,900 13 4,200 4 3,000 1
Associations
Provincial 797,101 586 514,520 405 252,661 167 27,950 13 1,970 1
Governments
14 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Source: Research Unit, Canadian Nurses' Association, 1966.
MAY 1967
news
itudy Investigates
:;rowth of Quebec Children
A study on growth undertaken by a Uni-
ersity of Montreal research body will seek
:J determine the degree of dental hygiene
nd the rate of growth of French-Canadian
hildren as compared with European and
\merican children.
The survey is expected to last at least
"lree years and more than 2,000 Montreal
hildren - boys and girls from 6 to 16
ears - will be observed. Each year, the
hildren will receive a physical, dental and
nthropometrical examination lasting one-
,aU day. These tests are free of charge.
\ dietitian will attempt to determine the
"lfluence of food habits on the children's
:rowth. Mrs. Micheline Dubuc, who will
arry out the study on diets, is convinced
hat differences exist between eating habits
.f Quebec school children and those in
ther provinces and she wonders what
epercussions this may have on the health
If future generations.
While a physician. dentist or anthropo-
ogist examine the child, the nutritionist will
liscuss his diet with the mother. Later,
he three specialists will give advice to the
'arents.
The cost of the survey is covered by a
:rant provided through federal-provincial
Igreements.
)upervision:
:ompromise or Challenge
Nursing care, nursing education, nursing
Issignments are becoming more and more
'omplex. The supervisor's role is the most
ikely to be affected, but the supervisor
lerself does not seem to realize the extent
)f her role in today's and tomorrow's nurs-
ng care.
.
i'
...
I
t
Complete physical examinations will be carried out on more than 2,000 Quebec
school children during a three-year study on growth patterns by the Vniversit},
of Montreal Research Center. Both males and females will be obsen'ed.
These were the remarks of Mr. Roger
Gosselin, guest speaker at the workshop
sponsored by the French chapter of ANPQ
District II. The meeting took place in
Montreal, March 8. 9 and 10, 1967. Mr.
Gosselin is director of study and develop-
ment projects in the Quebec area for Sam-
son, Bélair, Simpson, Riddell Inc" adminis-
tration consultants.
The speaker commented on the role of
the supervisor as currently described in
literature. Then he surprised his audience
with his own definition of this role and
gave his description of the extensive changes
it would bring about if adopted.
Mr. Gosselin maintains that the super-
visor should no longer be considered simply
as the person responsible for inservice edu-
cation and nursing care and as an adminis-
trative spokesman without any real adminis-
trative functions. He foresees an extension of
the supervisor's role on both sides, that is,
a broadening of responsibilities toward both
,..
'Ii
\
..
.
Mr. Jean-Marie Toulouse, psychologist, joins one of the discussion groups
during the Nursing Supervisors' Workshop sponsored by the ANPQ ÐÙtrict ff
(Frendo. The workshop took place in Montreal, March 8, 9 and 10, 1967.
MAY 1967
authorities and subordinates. The supervisor
is the middleman to whom the hospital
hands out long-term objectives. She also
takes part in the formulation of these ob-
jectives and points out to the authorities
modifications brought about by the pa-
tient's special needs.
Mr. Gosselin's speech was followed by a
discussion on the supervisor's present func-
tions. Mrs. Yolande Belzile-Rochon, super-
visor at Notre-Dame Hospital, Montreal,
spoke on "Supervision in hospital environ-
ment" and she emphasized means of control,
staffing and work planning. Miss Pierrette
Lussier, district supervisor at the City of
Montreal Health Department, described the
role of the nurse supervisor in public health.
Miss Rita Dussault, lecturer in the master's
degree nursing program at University of
Montreal, suggested "ways of supervising:'
emphasizing planning of observation visits,
teaching communication and equipment ins-
pection.
Members of the discussion groups suggest-
ed, among other things, that the title "super-
visor" be replaced by "senior nurse." They
also suggested that the nursing service pre-
pare a working chart to be posted in each
department so that everyone knows exactly
to whom he is responsible.
Ontario Universities Report
On Health Science Programs
Ontario universities face a serious shor-
tage of health sciences teachers and scien-
tists unless provisions are made quickly
for postgraduate training of additional man-
power to meet anticipated increases in en-
rolment. A Report on Health Sciences ill
Ontario U"iversities, released by the Com-
mittee of Presidents of Universities of On-
tario, estimated that space now being cons-
tructed at five universities for additional
teaching and research in the health sciences
THE CANADIAN NURSE 15
news
and their teachmg hospitals. will double
enrolment in undergraduate medical stu-
dents.
In addition, enrolment in dentistry, nurs-
ing, pharmacy, physiotherapy and occupa-
tional therapy, speech therapy and public
health will likely increase from the present
2.637 undergraduates and graduates to
4.944 in the next decade.
The Report estimated that by 1975-76
Ontario universities would require for their
total health sciences courses, 1,867 post-
graduate teachers and scientists - an in-
crease of 1,10 lover present staff.
The Report emphasized that university
construction. stimulated by the federal
Health Resources Fund of $500 million will
mean the opening of extensive new facilities
during the 1969-71 period.
The Report foresaw difficulty in obtain-
ing the necessary faculty unless teachers and
scientists in Canada were encouraged to
remain in academic work and others encou-
raged to return to Canada from abroad.
Also, a more favorable working environ-
ment should be created for university facul-
ty members, such as increased facilÎties, ade-
ONE-STEP PREP
with
, . \ FLEET ENEMÞ:
si1Jgle dose
) disposable 1l1Jit
I FLEET ENEMA's fast prep time obsoletes soap and
water procedures. The enema does not require warm-
ing. It can be used at room temperature. It avoids the
ordeal of injecting large quantities of fluid into the
bowel, and the possibility of water intoxication.
The patient should preferably be lying on the left side
with the knees flexed, or in the knee-chest position.
Once the protective cap has been removed, and the
prelubricated anatomically correct rectal tube gently
inserted, simple manual pressure on the container
does the rest! Care should be taken to ensure that
the contents of the bowel are completely expelled. Left
ã
colon catharsis is normally achieved in two to five
minutes, with little or no mucosal irritation, pain or
spasm. If a patient is dehydrated or debilitated,
hypertonic solutions such as FLEET ENEMA, must
be administered with caution. Repeated use at short
intervals is to be avoided. Do not administer to children
under six months of age unless directed by a physician.
And afterwards, no scrubbing, no sterilisation, no
preparation for re-use. The complete FLEET ENEMA
unit is simply discarded!
Every special plastic "squeeze-bottle" contains 4 V:z
fl. oz. of precisely formulated solution, so that the
adult dose of 4 fl. oz. can be easily expelled. A patented
diaphragm prevents leakage and reverse flow, as well
as ensuring a comfortable rate of administration.
Each J 00 cc. of FLEET ENEMA contains:
Sodium biphosphate .. 16 gm.
Sodium phosphate . . . . .. ....... 6 gm.
For our brochure: "The Enema: Indications and Techniques",
containing full information, write to: Professional Service
Deparfment, Charles E. Frosst & Co., P.O. Box 247,
Montreal 3, P.Q.
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16 THE CANADIAN NURSE
A QUAUTV PHARMACEUTICALS
o Ç
B..JíwMt
.
.
'OI/NOlD IN CANADA IN 1899
quate grants for conducting re!>earch. and
opportunities for working with others in the
field.
It attached much importance to steps to
attract and encourage outstanding univer-
sity graduates to continue in postgraduate
courses leading to careers in the health
sciences.
It placed importance on creation of new
levels of student aid, both undergraduate
and graduate in the form of scholarships,
bursaries and graduate fellowships.
The Report stated that universities should
continue to have primary responsibility for
medicine, dentistry, public health, medical
social work, clinical psychology, speech
therapy and audiology, and should also
provide degree programs for leaders in nurs-
ing, pharmacy. physiotherapy and occupa-
tional therapy.
The Report also stated that responsibility
for training of large numbers of personnel
in shorter diploma courses in nursing, phar-
macy, physiotherapy, occupational therapy
and dietetics, should rest with the Colleges
of Applied Arts and Technology and hos-
pital schools.
In establishing such priorities, it recom-
mended a coordinating planning council,
similar to the newly-formed Ontario Council
of Health, to prevent duplication of effort
and provide for close cooperation between
government, universities, hospitals and the
various health professions.
Physical Facilities Readied for
Saskatchewan Regional School
Plans for physical facilities for the new
regional nursing education program to open
in Saskatoon this coming fa1l are nearly
completed. The new program, the first in
Canada to be established under a depart-
ment of education rather than a health
department, will open its doors to about
250 students in September.
The nursing program will be given at the
Saskatchewan Institute of Applied Arts and
Sciences. Classes eventually will be held in
a new tower to be built on the Institute
grounds. At present, ho'Wever, the facilities
of SI. Andrews College on the University
Campus and additional facilities at the Sas-
katchewan Institute of Applied Arts and
Sciences will be used temporarily to house
both classroom activities and office space
for teachers. The central library will be si-
tuated at the Institute while a resource li-
brary for behavioral sciences will be avail-
able at SI. Andrews College \\here most of
the behaviornl science classes will be given.
Sister Thérèse Castonguay, s.g.m., super-
intendent for the nursing education division
of the department of education, reports that
plans for the new tower at the Saskatche-
wan Institute are completed and the work
is moving ahead almost on schedule. The
new tower will cover 45,000 square feet
and will have six floors. Two of these
MAY 1967
news
loor
will be used for classroom and office
pace for the school of nursing. One theatre
f :!OO seats and two theatres of 100 s::ats
;ill be available, eight classrooms of 35
ats, four nursing labs of 24 seats, two de-
nonstration and practice units of 8 beds
;me which will be equipped with modern
'lOnitoring devices), three seminars of 24
hairs and six seminars of 12 chairs, plus
study room of approximately 75 individual
arrels will complete the educational faci-
ities available on these two floors. Some
Inassigned space will provide for funher
xtension.
The admini
trative and office space will
'rovide for 24 single offices and 16 double
Iffices, plus one lecturer's office with four
lesks. There is also a student lounge and a
acuity lounge available on these floors.
entral facilities in the tower will provide
'or library accommodation, general admi-
li
tration offices, auditorium, cafeteria,
ounge and closed circuit TV facilities.
It is expected that this new tower will
Je completed on time to admit the second
;Ia
in September. 1968. There is no plan
o move in the middle of the year, even
f facilities were available, as this would
'ause unnecessary disruption in the pro-
ram.
Living accommodation will be the respon-
sibility of the students, and housing registry
will be available in the general administra-
tion of the Institute for students who wish
to have assistance in locating suitable living
accommodation.
Intensive Care Nursing Course-
Three major hospitals in Victoria, B.C. -
Royal Jubilee, St. Joseph's and the Veteran's
Hospitals - combined in planning and im-
plementing an eight-day course in January
for nurses in general surgical and medical
intensive care units. and coronary care
units.
The B.C. Hospital Insurance Service un-
derwrote much of the expense, enabling
nurses in these units to be relieved for the
duration of their course. Thirty doctors,
several nurses, and other specialists shared
in the teaching. Many nurses, in addition
to those employed in the intensive care units,
attended pans of the course in their own
time; ten nurses came from '"Up-Island"
hospitals. A total of 69 to 98 nurses attend-
ed these lectures and demonstrations daily.
Four days of the course emphasized newer
concepts in medical and nursing care of
acutely-ill patients, whether following sur-
gery or not; and four days were assigned
to introduce the need for and objectives of
specialized coronary care units, and care
of the patients in such units. The use of
cardiac monitoring equipment, pace-makers
and defibrillators, and the '"basics" of inter-
pretion of electrocardiograms were explain-
ed and demonstrated. Future drills in the
coronary care units were planned, as it was
recognized that only an introduction to
these skills could be made in these four
days.
Nurses, doctors and hospital administra-
tive personnel were enthusiastic about the
course. Many stated it had given them a
new awareness of the extent of knowledge
and skills expected of nurses in these spe-
cialized units and a greater appreciation of
what can be accomplished by the united
endeavors of three hospitals in planning
for staff teaching.
New Hospital
to Treat Addictions
"We want the staff to feel as if it is an
exclusive club," said Dr. Gordon Bell.
Executive Director of the new Donwood
Foundation Limited, Toronto, which admit-
ted its first patient Monday, February 27th.
The staff for the new 50-bed hospital is
from the Bell Clinic, which Dr. Bell pri-
vately owned and operated for 20 years pre-
viously.
The Donwood Foundation Limited is a
non-profit, special public hospital with Mrs.
Mary Epp, director of nursing. II was
built to treat addictions of all kinds - to
food, drugs, tobacco and alcohol.
A feature at Donwood will be the per-
MOVING?
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OTHER ADJUSTMENT REQUESTED:
MAY 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 17
RPR!!!
Jb' I
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ANN COHN. L.P. N.
tI.\SS "
\m;sE
OLBROOK
[
'OR. JO\-\N OE N"
,J RES\
Ë I LSON. R. N.
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PER\J\SOR
largesl lelling among nursesl Superb lifellme qua.
lify . .. lmoolh rounded edges... feathe<Weighl.
liel flal... deeply engraved. and lacquered. Snow-
white plastic will not yellow. Sotisfoetion guaran.
teed. GROUP DISCOUNTS. .. write for full color
order envelope51 group prices.
SMART IDEA: Order 2 identical (10.... nama) Pinl
at discount price., as precaution agoinst Iou and
added convenience
(lMI changing).
With 1 hne With 2 lines
leUennl lettfunl
510 s.,n sa....hitt
,llSlil; ...., ,.IIN Ir
,IU I,.rt.
1 Pm only .60 .90
2 Identlnl 1.00 1.60
1 Pm only 1.25 1.55
2 l(Jenhcal 2.00 2.60
100 WIIItI ,IMlie. I....
Ir Ii'" .,tal f'....
169 r.il...o ..í.....'.
"I. pll "sm. ,"101.
tàp. Tacg
Now remove and refø-
ten cap band inltantl,
for laundering or
replacement! Dellcatel,
molded Cap- Tacl are In.
conlplcuDusfrontand
back, ,et sturd, for
,ears of senlce.
6 C roc i' . $1
Choose Black , Dk. Blue or Clear
plastic with trny gold caduceus ,."
motif... or Solid Black (no gold)
.-.....
IMPORTANT ORDERING INFORMATION
Due to the difference In the rate of exchange,
extra postage, and additional costs in transfer
of funds, it IS necessary for us to add a special
Handling Charge of 25c on all orders from Canada
amounting to less than $5.00.
TO: REEVES COMPANY, Atlleboro, Mass. 02703 U.S.A.
STYLE DESIRED: No. a. shown above.
METAL FINISH (169 or 100) Gold 0 Silv.r 0
I-L
N
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k
ue CL _
Please send 0 1 Pin 0 2 Pins (same name)
LETTERING:
2nd Line,
-------------
Please send 0 1 Pin 0 2 PIns (sa"", name)
LETTERING: .
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Please send seto Cap-Taco (6 per set)
o Black 0 Dk. Blue 0 Clear 0 Solid Black
I enclose $
plus 25c Handling Charge
Send to
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Cify Stote Zip
NOTE: Order for 1. 2 or 3 persons on above
coupon. _ . use extra sheet for more.
18 THE CANADIAN NURSE
news
sonal almosphere. Dr. Bell plans to divide
patients into groups of 10 for therapy. He
also intends to have monthly conferences
for all staff members - chefs, waitresses,
cleaning women, etc. This will enable every-
one coming into contact with the patients to
play a part in their care.
No.
169
8uilding Program At UN8
The University of New Brunswick has
awarded an $862,000 contract for construc-
tion of superstructure on the School of
Nursing Building.
The new School of Nursing Building will
contain, among other facilities, a 400-seat
auditorium, a multi-purpose education wing,
a nursing arts laboratory, a circular de-
monstration theatre, teaching rooms, and
office accomodation for about 60 facuIty
members.
The school's basement has already been
completed and furnished at a cost of
$270.000. Lectures are presently being held
in several classrooms of the basement.
The total cost of the building and furnish-
ings is estimated to be $1,325,000 of which
a grant covering 75 percent of the cost is
expected shortly from the Federal Depart-
ment of Health and Resources. The remain-
ing 25 percent or $331,250 will be raised
by the university.
Construction of the superstructure is ex-
pected to begin in mid-April and be com-
pleted by December 31.
Ninety-one students are presen<ly enrol-
led in the four-year bachelor of nursing
program, with six more students enrolled
in the registered nursing degree program.
Male Nurses Gain
Recognition
There Is a Place for Mell ill the Nursillg
World according to the Ontario Hospital As-
sociation. That is the title of a new pam-
phlet soon to be distributed by the Asso-
ciation to high schools right acros
the pro-
vince.
This move to encourage bright young
men to consider nursing as a career follows
a resolution by the hospital association
urging effort
to promote higher recruit-
ment of males into this vital area of hospital
work.
Although the last century has seen the
development of nursing as a predominately
female profession, it was not always so.
During the early Christian era and even to
the middle of the last century, men be!ong-
ing to brotherhoods and religious orders a
-
sumed nursing duties. Members of the bro-
therhood of Parabolini in the third cen-
tury. SI. Basil's Monks in the sixth century,
(he order of SI. John and the Teutonic
Knights during the crusades, and the congre-
PROVINCE OF ALBERT A
EMPLOYMENT
OPPORTUNITIES
GENERAL DUTY NURSES
Preference given to nurses with
experience in Psychiatric Nursing.
Salary: $360 - $455 per month,
depending on qualifications and
experience.
Benefits - Civil Service holiday,
sick leave and pension benefits.
Positions available in various
Active Treatment, Retarded Adult,
Retarded Juvenile, Geriatric and
Continued Treatment Mental Hos-
pitals.
For details and application
forms write or apply to:
The Director of Mental Health,
304 Administration Building r
Edmonton, Alberta.
SCHOOL OF NURSING
WOODSTOCK
GENERAL HOSPITAL
WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO
Will require
TEACHERS - AUGUST, 1967
For the approved two year cur-
riculum with a third year of ex-
perience in nursing service. (50
students enrolled annually)
Qualifications: University prepa-
ration in Nursing Education or
Public Health.
Salary: Commensurate with ex-
perience and education.
Apply to:
The DirectorrSchool of Nursing,
WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL
Woodstock r Ontario.
MAY 1967
news
gation of Alexian Brothers. in existence
ince the 14th century. cared for the sick
and wounded.
In pointing out the challenge, satisfaction
and rewards awaiting men who choose a
nursing career. the OHA pamphlet asks
high school students
ome basic questions:
. Do you enjoy working with people and
giving assistance in time of need? This is the
prime consideration of anyone going into
this profession.
. Are you a good student? Modem nursing
needs people who have the capacity to learn
new techniques and methods in order to
keep up with this rapidly expanding field.
Modern nursing is a continuous learning
process.
. Are you able to accept responsibility?
This is important because the nurse is
responsible for life - the life of his pa-
tient.
. Do you have an interest in scientific sub-
jects? As a member of the paramedical team.
the nurse finds himself more and more
involved in scientific and electronic ap-
proaches to patient care.
. Do you desire a career with ample op-
portunity for advancement? Nursing these
days offers better salaries than ever for
general duty staff and in Ontario have been
advancing every year by from 7 to 10 per-
cent. And more and more higher-paid admi-
nistrative, supervisory and teaching positions.
suitable for men. are opening in the expan-
ding hospital field.
Last year, for instance, a male registered
nurse became the first to be appointed ad-
ministrator of a hospital. Several hospitals
now have men as directors of nursing. One
big reason is the extra stability which they
bring to a profession that has always been
at the mercy of marriage and motherhood
Although many married women return to
nursing after their children have grown up.
there is a need for a constant supply of
life-time career nurses.
Since 1963. there has been a 40 percent
increase in the number of male nursing
students throughout Ontario. The total fi-
gure. however, is still small. About 80 men
were studying for their Registered Nurse
diplomas this past year in 20 hospital nurs-
ing schools. Another 24 schools say they
are prepared to consider admitting men as
candidates.
SRNA Responds to Ad
Hoc Committee Report
The Saskdtchewan Registered Nurses' As-
sociation has issued statements on the Re-
commendations of the Ad Hoc Committee
on Nursing Education issued in August,
1966. The committee was called by the Sas-
katchewan Department of Public Health:
MAY 1967
!\IT. Justice Walter A. Tucker was chair-
man. The responses are based on SRNA
policies and objectives, and have been ap-
proved by the Council of the Association.
Generally. the Association approves the
underlying principles inherent in all the
recommendations. "Most of the recommen-
dations were a reiteration of those made by
the SRNA in a Brief to this Committee,"
says Linda Long, SRNA advisor to schools
of nursing.
There is evidence to indicate that the gen-
eral m
mbership want diploma nursing edu-
cation included in post-secondary education
program developments, such as community
or junior colleges, and not technical insti-
tutes," adds Miss Long. "Also, they express
the need to take time for the transfer of
hospital diploma nursing education pro-
grams to regional educational institutions.
This, they feel, is vital to ensure a satis-
factory development and, more important,
it is essential for protection of the patient
whom We as nurses serve during this transi-
tion stage.
"The general membership have sought as-
surance that the Saskatchewan Registered
Nurses' Association will maintain mini-
mum professional standard setting and their
method of enforcement," she says. 0
When they ask about
Family Planning...
The interested nurse will want to be of help.
One way is to provide them with a copy of the new,
informative booklet "An Introduction to Family Planning"
This booklet uses clear diagrams and understandable
copy to explain how conception takes place, and
the various methods available for family planning.
You may wish to use the coupon below to obtain
a copy of this booklet. Additional copies are available
on request.
Miss E. Dawson, R.N.,
Department of Educational Services,
Ortho Pharmaceutical (Canada) Ltd..
19 Green Belt Drive,
Don Mills. Ontario.
Miss Dawson: Please send copies of the free booklet
"An Introduction to Family Planning"
R.N.
Address
City
Provo
Devoted to Research ;n Family Plann;nR
I
I
L_______________________
THE CANADIAN NURSE 19
,
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\
,
,
A
,
\,
,
\,
ew
Elastoplas.t
plastic net .fj
1111
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"
prevents adherence of
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This is Elastoplast . . . with a
difference. The pattern you see,
much enlarged, is a new plastic
net film that separates the med-
icated pad from the wound.
Granulation tissue won't adhere,
so it's easily removed without
discomfort to the patient. At
the same time, this porous net
keeps the wound dry by allow-
ing moisture and skin exudates
to pass through to the underly-
ing pad. Wounds heal naturally
because Elastoplast is a truly
porous dressing.
Available in all widths-l Yz",
2Yz" and 3", in I yard and 5
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Elastoplast . . . makes the
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o
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DRESSING STRIP
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20 THE CANADIAN NURSE MAY 1967
names
The new director of
the School of Nurs-
ing, Misericordia Gen-
eral Hospital, Win-
nipeg. Manitoba, is
Ona Gebhard, a native
of Edmonton, Alber-
ta. Mrs. Gebhard
graduated from Royal
Jubilee H 0 s pit a 1
School of Nursing, Victoria, British Col-
umbia, and has since earned a certificate
in public health from the University of
British Columbia, a Bachelor of Nursing
degree from the University of Manitoba,
and, recently, an M.S. degree (major in
psychiatric nursing) from the University
of Minnesota.
-
-
Mrs. Gebhard has worked as staff nurse
with Tranquille Sanatorium, Tranquille,
B.C., with the Metropolitan Health Com-
mittee, Vancouver, and with the Provincial
Department of Health in Manitoba. From
1958 to 1963, she was student health dir-
ector at Misericordia School of Nursing
and the following year, instructor in psy-
chiatric nursing. Following this she attended
the University of Minnesota.
Mrs. Gebhard has worked on various
committees with the Manitoba Association
of Registered Nurses. including the nursing
service and nursing education committees.
-
Kathleen DeMarsh,
who is pre s e n t 1 Y
studying for her M.
Sc.N. in administra-
tion at the University
of Western Ontario
London, has been
appointed director of
nursing service at
the Winnipeg General
assume her new position
Hospítal. She will
on July I, 1967.
Miss DeMarsh, a graduate of the school
of nursing of Saskatoon City Hospital, re-
ceived her certificate in teaching and super-
vision from the school of nursing of the
University of Toronto in 1943. From 1951
to 1954 she attended Victoria College of the
University of Toro'lto where she obtained
her B.A. She is presently studying on a
Canadian Nurses' Foundation Scholarship.
Miss DeMarsh has held supervisory posi-
tions with Saskatoon City Hospital and was
director of the school of nursing at Brant-
ford General Hospital, Brantford. Ontario,
from 1943 to 1946. 1 he next two years
MAY 1967
were spent in outpost nursing with the
Canadian Red Cross Society in New Bruns-
wick. Following this she was on a special
assignement for the Red Cross. rewriting the
Red Cross Home Nursing Manual. She has
held various other positions with the
Society including assistant national director
of nursing services at the National Head-
quarters in Toronto.
Previous to enrolling at Western, Miss
DeMarsh spent five years as assistant dir-
ector of nursing education at the Atkinson
School of Nursing, Toronto Western Hos-
pital.
Jeanne d' Arc Pa-
quet has recently
been appointed dir-
ector of nursing at
the new Pierre Janet
Psychiatric Hospital
I / in Hull, Quebec. A
V graduate of the school
of nursing of Saint-
Jean-de-Dieu in Mont-
real, Miss Paquet completed a postgraduate
course in psychiatric nursing at the Uni-
versity of Montreal in 1955, and in 1963
she received a certificate in nursing edu-
cation from L'institut Marguerite d'You-
ville, Montreal.
Since then she has undertaken special
studies in business administration, religious
sCience and philosophy, advanced studies
in group dynamics, and hospital adminis-
tration.
Before her present appointment, Miss
Paquet spent four years as a head nurse at
Saint-Jean-de-Dieu Hospital in the psychi-
atric research section and five years as
head nurse in medicine and surgery at
Sacred Heart Hospital, Hull. She was dir-
ector of studies for the affiliation programs
at Saint-Jean-de-Dieu for four years, dur-
ing which time she organized and directed
the studies' program of the postgraduate
course in psychiatry.
,
Marlene Caldwell,
a 1952 graduate of
the school of nursing
of Grace Hospital,
Winnipeg, was re-
cently appointed reg-
istrar of the Mani-
toba Association of
Registered N u r s e s.
Mrs. Caldwell has
had general duty ex-
.-
"
perience at the Hamiota General Hospital,
Hamiota, Manitoba, and has also had clin-
ical experience in psychiatry at the Win-
nipeg General Hospital. Previous to her
appointment with the MARN, Mrs. Cald-
well spent a year as an "instructor in the
inservice education department of the
Winnipeg General.
Margaret McLean,
consultant in hospital
nursing for the De-
partment of National
Health and Welfare.
returned recently from
her first trip to the
Middle East where
she acted as special
consultant at a lO-day
seminar on "Development of the Clinical
Services for Nursing Education."
Fourteen Middle Eastern countries, each
represented by two persons - one from
nursing service and one from nursing educa-
tion - participated in the seminar. which
was planned by a regional panel of nurses
and the World Health Organization, with
Miss McLean on loan as special consultant.
Her job was to analyze the problems of
the participating countries and to summar-
ize the decisions made. Objective of the
seminar was to improve nursing service in
the clinical areas of the Middle East - in
hospital nursing service and public health
fields. At present. a few of these countries
have university
chools of nursing and some
are working to improve their diploma
schools.
Miss McLean's report on the seminar, to
be published by WHO, includes the recom-
mendations made at the seminar that a
study and evaluation of nursing needs and
resources be conducted, that a practical
program of staff education be inaugurated,
and that those countries with similar needs
and problems work together.
"The commitment of a few prepared
nursing personnel in the countries. in spite
of fewer qualified people and less adequate
facilities, supplies and equipment espe-
cially impressed me," said Miss McLean.
-
.
..
Freda L. Paltiel recently joined the
staff of the Department of National
Health and Welfare as senior research of-
ficer for the Rehabilitation and Chronic
Diseases Unit of the Health Research Div-
ision. Mrs. Paltiel has a broad background
in research in health and social welfare
subjects. In 1964 she served as research
associate with the Royal Commission on
THE CANADIAN NURSE 21
New Mosby texts to help today.s students
develop the in-depth understanding
that will be demanded of tomorrow.s nurses
Fig. 11..10. Dry steril. dr.ssings. A, a sterile disposable glove offers pro-
tection during removal of contaminated dressing. B, soiled dressing and
glove are discarded. C, wound is cleansed with sterile materials. D,
method of opening individually packaged dressing. E, dressing is removed
f,om wrapper with steril. forceps. F, dressing being applied with steril.
forcepl. G, completed dressing.
A New Book!
A New Book!
Dison
AN ATLAS OF
NURSINC TECHNIQUES
Here is a unique contribution to the field of nursing literature
- an outstanding pictorial presentation that specifically ex-
plains and describes basic nursing techniques. Emphasis is
placed on the principles, purposes and nursing action, thereby
allowing adaptation and modification by the student under
varying situations.
The original step-by-step illustrations drawn specifically for
this atlas show the techniques as the nurse would view them.
The reasons and guiding principles for selecting these tech-
niques are clearly explained. "How-to" illustrations compliment
the "why" explanations and guide your students through nurs-
ing procedures involved in medical-surgical nursing. Among
the vital topics demonstrated are the nurse's actions in emergency
situations; ventilation; administration of drugs; topical medi-
cation and intravenous fluid therapy. Current methods and
techniques for elimination, drainage and suction are among
the many important topics chosen for illustrated study.
This is the only text which provides detailed descriptions of
venipuncture with Jelco I.V. Catheter Placement Unit and the
step-by-step use of the Bird Respirator and Bennett Therapy
Unit. The unique visual format of this new text enhances and
accelerates student learning. This text is an ideal supplement
to your courses in "Medical-Surgical Nursing", "Fundamen-
tals", and other specialty courses.
By NORMA GREENLER DISON, R.N., B.A., Clinical Instructor, Medical-Surgical
Nursing, Saint Mary', School of Nursing, Rochester, Minn. Publication date:
April 1967. 258 pages, 7" x 10", 113 illustrations. Price, $8.60.
LEARNINC MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY STEP-BY-STEP
Young-Barger
This outstanding new manual introduces a unique three Jtep
method of mastering medical terminology, enabling your stu-
dents to apply this knowledge to their daily studies and all
medical specialities. Step olle breaks down medical terms into
their components, permitting immediate recognition. In Jtep
two she learns basic anatomy and physiology of body
systems and in .rtep three is taught the names of major dis-
eases, plus terms used in physical examination and diagnosis.
A time-saving alphabetized list of common abbreviations, sam-
A New Book!
pie forms and information necessary for processing medical
reports are additional helpful teaching aids included in this
new text. A complimentary instructor's manual proviCing sam-
ple curricula, supplemental lecture material and teaching tips
will be furnished instructors adopting this new manual.
By CLARA GENE YOUNG, Retired Technical Editor and Writer (Medical),
U.S Civil Service and; JAMES D. BARGER, M.D., (F.A.C.P.) Pathologist, Las
Vegas, Nevada. Publication date: May, 1967. Approx. 220 pages, 7" x 10",
39 illustrations. About $5.85.
TEXTBOOK FOR PSYCHIATRIC TECHNICIANS
McClelland
Emphasizing the thcrupewic function of the psychiatric tech-
nician, this comprehensive new text provides your student with
the skills, knowledge and attitudes necessary for the most ef-
fective care of his patient. This easy-to-understand new text
defines the technician's role, job duties and responsibilities as
a vital member of the mental health team. The importance of
interpersonal relationships to therapeutic functioning is under-
cored with emphasis on prevention, early detection, treatment
and rehabilitation of the mentally ill. An in-depth study is
made of patterns of behavior and management including physi-
cal and emotional nursing approaches and measures. Questions
for discussion, a vocabulary review and summary are helpful
additions to each chapter.
By LUCILLE HUDLIN McCLELLAND, R.N., B.S.N., M.S.N.E., Ph.D., Psy.
chiatric Nursing Consultant for Psychiatric Consultant Team sponsored by
Department of Menta' Health, State of Illinois, Institute of Psychoanalysis,
Chicago, Illinois. Publication date: July, 1967. Approx. 270 pages, 61/
" x
91/
", 32 illustrations. About $7.20
THE C. V. MOSBY COMPANY, LTD.
Publishers
86 NOtthline Road. Toronto 16, Ontario
22 THE CANADIAN NURSE
MAY 1967
Health Services .LOd in the following year.
contributed the chapter on Research in
Aging to the Report of the Senate Com-
mittee on Aging. She has recently com-
pleted assignments on behalf of the Can-
adian Welfare Council and also has parti-
cipated in the Victorian Order of Nurses
Home Care Plan of Ottawa as medical
,ocial work consultant.
In connection with her new duties to
carry out research and related activities
on rehabilitation and chronic disease pro-
grams, Mrs. Paltiel is especially interested
in the work of the official and voluntary
agencies in Canada that are active in direct
service programs as well as in health educ-
ation and research in this field.
Maude Irene Dolphin, former director
of nursing at Nanaimo Regional General
Hospital. Nanaimo. British Columbia. has
been appointed assistant professor, admin-
istration, at the school of nursing of the
University of Toronto. Miss Dolphin is a
1944 graduate of the Royal Victoria Hos-
pital School of Nursing, Montreal. She
also holds a bachelor of nursing degree
from McGill University and a master of
nursing from the University of Washington,
Seattle.
Miss Dolphin has gained a variety of
experience throughout her nursing career.
Following graduation she spent two years
as a supervisor at the Alexandra Hospital,
Montreal. Following this she worked as a
head nurse at Royal Victoria Hospital,
Montreal, and as an instructor at the Van-
couver General Hospital, Vancouver, British
Columbia. From 1953 to 1959, she served
as nurse educator in Pakistan. Syria, and
Mauritius with the World Health Organi-
zation. On her return to Canada she be-
came a public health staff nurse with the
provincial public health department in
Nanaimo.
Miss Dolphin has been with the Uni-
versity of Toronto since November, 1966.
Barbara Blackwood
Kozier has been nam-
ed director of the new
nursing program
scheduled to begin at
... the British Columbia
Institute of Technolo-
gy this September.
... Mrs. Koziel', at pre.
sent on leave from
her doctoral study, holds several degrees,
including her B.A. and B.S.N., from the
University of British Columbia and her
M.N. with a major in administration of
schools of nursing from the University of
Washington. She also attended the Univers-
ity of Washington College of Education as
a doctoral candidate and obtained additional
preparation in medical-surgical nursing.
Mrs. Koziel', an author of several art-
icles and a recently published textbook on
MAY 1967
patient c:lre. has worked as a staff nurse.
an instructor, .and a teaching assistant. Her
first position was with the Vancouver
Branch of the Victorian Order of Nurses
and from there she went to the R.W.
Large Memorial Hospital. Bella Bella. B.C.,
and The Vancouver General Hospital.
Mrs. Koziel' has always been active in
professional associations including the Can-
adian Federation of University Women and
several alumnae associations.
the National Childbirth Trust. The semindrs
will consist of an intensive course on the
French approach to preparation for child-
birth - the psychoprophylactic method, and
will include lectures, discussions, films and
slides.
Mrs. Wright studied the psychoprophyl-
actic approach of Dr. Pierre Vellay who
worked witll the late Dr. Fernand Lamaze,
and has adapted his technique for English
use. The method has been used success-
fully for the last seven years.
Mrs. Wright is also author of the book
The New Childbirth, which has been pub-
lished recently in North America. 0
Erna Wright, tutor-in-charge of antenatal
training at Charing Cross Hospital, London,
England. will be conducting seminars for
HOLLISTER, MAR Y
#23/7 Dr. Bowma'1
"f'"/NTAKE & OUTPUT
---
t 'i HOLD BREAKFAST I
or
!-
/
LOOKING
FOR SURGERY
00
the reading is easy
with a
.
LINE-a-VISION
sign by Hollister
Designed to direct patient care reminders to eye level, the
Line-O- Vision Sign is easy to see, whether it's placed high on a
wall or door, or low on a bed. Signs are available with any number
of slots, from one to five. One of these holds the patient's name,
and the others are used for Reminder Cards which concern the
patient's care. Each slot has a clear covering to protect its card
from dust, damage or tampering. More than 120 printed Reminder
Card titles, in a variety of bright colors, cover most patient care
situations. This sturdy sign is made of a tough synthetic that will
never chip, crack or discolor. In attractive beige, the Line-O- Vision
Sign is a handsome addition to any patient care facility.
Writ. for a copy of the new full-color Llne-O-V'.'on Information Iflt.
fJ:
!
THE CANADIAN NURSE 23
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24 THE CANADIAN NURSE
1435 ST. ALEXANDER STREET, MONTREAl 2, QUE.
MA. Y 1967
dates
May 6, 1967
Estevan Nurses Chapter of the
Saskatchewan Association of
Registered Nurses, 21 st Anniversary
and Reunion.
Would former members please write
to Mrs. J. M. Budd, 1025 Valley Street,
Estevan, Saskatchewan.
May 8-9, 1967
Thirteenth Annual Meeting of the
Association of Registered Nurses
of Newfoundland. To be held in
Grand Falls, Newfoundland, with
guest speaker, Mrs. Huguette labelle,
Associate Director of Nursing
Education, Ottawa General Hospital
School of Nursing.
May 16-19, 1967
Alberta Association of Registered
Nurses, Annual Meeting,
Chateau lacombe,
Edmonton, Alberta.
May 19-21, 1967
60th Anniversary Reunion of the
Royal Inland Hospital School of
Nursing, Kamloops, B.C.
For further information write:
Mrs. Sylvia lum, Suite "C",
248 Victoria St., Kamloops, B.C.
May 24-26, 1967
Saskatchewan Registered Nurses
Association Annual Meeting,
Saskatoon.
May 25-27, 1967
and
May 28-30, 1967
National Childbirth Trust Seminar,
'The Psychoprophylactic Method,"
Dunbar Community Center,
Vancouver, B.C. Guest Speaker:
Erna Wright. For information,
application forms and costs, write:
Mrs. R. Brodie, Area Secretary, NCT,
3919 West 19th Ave., Vancouver 8,
British Columbia.
May 29-30, 1967
Nova Scotia Operating Room Nurses'
Conference. To be held at the
Victoria General Hospital, Halifax.
May 31-June 2,1967
Registered Nurses' Association of
Nova Scotia Annual Meeting,
Sydney, N.S.
May 31-June 2, 1967
Registered Nurses' Association of
British Columbia Annual Meeting,
Bayshore Inn, Vancouver, B.C.
May 31-June 2, 1967
New Brunswick Association of
Registered Nurses Annual Meeting,
The Playhouse, Fredericton.
MAY 1967
June 4-16, 1967
A residential summer course on
Alcohol and Problems of Addiction.
University of Windsor, in association
with Addiction Research Foundation
of Ontario. Enrolment limited to 80.
Direct enquiries to: Director, Summer
Course, Addiction Research
Foundation, 344 Bloor St. West,
Toronto 4, Ontario.
June and July, 1967
The School of Hygiene, University of
Toronto will conduct an 8-week course
in Advanced Study of Health Services
Organization and Administration.
Pre-requisite qualifications -
A baccalaureate degree or equivalent.
Preference to be given to candidates
with considerable administrative
experience in a health service
program. Fees: $200. Registration
limited. Further information from:
Course Director, Professor F.B. Roth,
School of Hygiene, University of
Toronto. Requests for application
forms to: Dr. D. L. Maclean,
Secretary, School of Hygiene,
University of Toronto.
June 7, 1967
Manitoba Operating Room Study
Group, one-day symposium, to be
held in conjunction with the Manitoba
Hospital Association Conference
and the Western Hospital Institute
at the Royal Alexander Hotel,
Winnipeg, Manitoba.
Theme: What's New?
June 8-9, 1967
Manitoba Association of Registered
Nurses, Annual Meeting, Royal
Alexander Hotel, Winnipeg.
June 24, 1967
St. Joseph's Hospital School of
Nursing, Toronto, Centennial Reunion.
Any graduates who do not receive
alumnae newsletters, please send
name and address to: St. Joseph's
Hospital School of Nursing Alumnae,
30 The Queensway, Toronto 3,
Ontario.
July 5-8, 1967
Congress on Mental Health.
Sponsored by the Canadian Mental
Health Association. To be held at
le Château Champlain, Montreal.
Theme: Man and His Mind.
November 16-17, 1967
Association of Nurses of the
Province of Quebec, Annual Meeting
Château Frontenac, Québec City.
NEW FOR HOSPITALS
the
Autolope
It responds
to heat
treatment.
,'"
,...
.
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When the contents of the enve-
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TORONTO. MONTREAL. VANCOUVER
WINNIPEG. KINGSTON. BRANTFORD
THE CANADIAN NURSE 25
New Edition Ready June
Bookmiller, Bowen & Carpenter:
OBSTETRICS AND
OBSTETRIC NURSING
By Mae M. Bookmiller, R.N., and
George Loveridge Bowen, A.B.,
M.D., formerly of N.Y.U. School of
Medicine and Bellevue Hospital, and
Dolores Carpenter, R.N., B.S., M.A.,
Bellevue and Mills Schools of Nurs-
ing.
In the completely updated New (5th)
Edition, this highly respected text-
book of obstetric nursing retains its
notably clear, complete, and gra-
phic presentation while incorporat-
ing new information on such topics
of current interest as amniocentesis,
intrauterine transfusion, the post-
maturity syndrome, placental insuf-
ficiency, and chromosomal abnor-
maities. The history and fundamen-
tals of obstetrics are presented first,
followed by a detailed description
of nursing care during normal labor
and delivery and the puerperium.
Then the possible complications of
each period are discussed and the
nursing requirements of the neonate
are described. Over 350 illustrations
illuminate the text, self-examination
questions are given for each chapter,
and a comprehensive glossary is in-
cluded.
About 650 pp., iIIust. About $9.25.
1967 7e
t4
pit
New! Ready April
Kozier & Du Gas:
FUNDAMENTALS OF
PATIENT CARE
By Barbara Blackwood Kozier,
R.N., B.A., B.S.N., M.N., B.C. In-
stitute of Technology, and Beverly
Witter Du Gas, R.N., B.A., M.N.,
formerly of Vancouver General
Hospital School of Nursing.
This entirely new text in nursing
fundamentals falls precisely in Jine
with current teaching concepts, and
is id
ally suited to either the diplo-
ma or the baccalaureate program.
The approach is patient-centered
throughout, with emphasis on fun-
damentals rather than techniques,
thus giving the student a firm foun-
dation for understanding the pro-
cedures she will learn in her clinical
training. The book is divided into
three major sections: 1) history and
fundamentals of nursing; 2) needs
common to all patients, such as
safety, hygiene, and nutrition; and
3) specific needs of patients with
certain types of disorders (e.g. res-
piratory problems, fever, pain). The
problem-solving approach is stres-
sed, with typical "study situations"
presented for review at the end of
each chapter. Chapter outlines, vo-
cabulary lists, bibliographies, and a
comprehensive glossary augment the
usefulness of this welcome text.
386 pp.,
illust.
About $7.00
't4e4
New! Ready May
Dienhart:
BASIC ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY
By Charlotte M. Dienhart, Ph.D.,
Emory University. Illustrated by
Steven P. Gigliotti.
Now in press, this entirely new text-
book will set a new standard of
clarity, conciseness, and complete-
ness. It is not an abridgement of a
larger text, but a new book written
especially for the student of practi-
cal nursing and for paramedical
personnel. Dr. Dienhart explains the
anatomy and physiology of the hu-
man body in an outstandingly clear
and logical way, covering each or-
gan system in turn. Important struc-
tures are vividly portrayed in about
150 black-and-white illustrations,
most of them prepared especially for
this book, plus eight pages of plates
in full colour. Throughout the text,
useful information is presented in
convenient tables. Every chapter be-
gins with an outline and concludes
with a detailed summary and a list
of review questions. A list of select-
ed reference materials and a glossary
are also provided.
Abóut 288 pp., illust. About $4.75.
Published by W. B. SAUNDERS COMPANY, Philadelphia and London
Order your copies from McAINSH AND CO. LTD., 1835 Yonge Street, Toronto 7.
26 THE CANADIAN NURSE
MAY 1967
As of 1969, the National League
for Nursing will restrict its sale of
Test Pool examinations to the U.S.A.
This decision, made at the American
Nurses' Association biennial meeting
last June, has serious implications for
nursing education in Canada, since
eight of the ten provincial nursing
associations are dependent on this
NLN testing service for the licensing
of professional graduate nurses.
RNAO testing service available
Ontario and New Brunswick are the
only provinces that do not purchase
the State Board Test Pool examina-
tions from the NLN. (Quebec pur-
chases NLN examinations for English-
speaking candidates; French-speaking
candidates write examinations that are
prepared in the province.) Graduates
of Ontario and New Brunswick
schools of nursing write examinations
prepared by the Registered Nurses'
Association of Ontario's Testing Ser-
vice, which was initiated in 1964.
The RNAO is prepared to extend
its testing service to the eight prov-
inces now with NLN, as soon as prov-
incial contracts with that organization
are terminated in 1969. If the prov-
inces agree to this, the RNAO testing
I service then could fonn the nudeus
for a national testing service in this
country.
The RNAO Testing Service offers
French and English examination pa-
pers in four major areas of dinical
content: medical, surgical, pediatric,
and obstetrical nursing. Since psychia-
tric nursing is not a compulsory sub-
ject of study for students in Ontario
schools of nursing, an examination on
this subject is not offered.
Board action
NLN's decision to withdraw its test-
ing services prompted CNA's Board
of Directors to set up an ad hoc com-
mittee on national examinations in
September, 1966, to determine what
would be needed in the development
of a Canadian system of machine-scor-
ed, objective type, registration examin-
ations. In additIon, the committee was
directed to submit recommendations
concerning CNA's involvement in such
a project.
MAY 1967
At its last meeting in March, 1967.
the Board of Directors approved cer-
tain recommendations submitted by
this ad hoc committee. These were :
I. That CNA be instrumental in
setting up a National Testing Service
with the eventual goal of a separate
foundation being developed.
2. That CNA recommend to the
provinces that: a) The RNAO reg-
istration examinations be utilized in
1969, at which time national stan-
dardization would take place; b) the
provinces participate in the item ana-
lysis of the RNAO examinations in
1968; and c) each province requiring
an examination in psychiatric nursing
for registration be individually res-
ponsible in this area until such time
as a national examination is available.
3. That the Canadian Nurses' Asso-
ciation organize a National Testing
Department to develop registration
examinations to be made available to
the provinces; and that such a Testing
Department offer examinations a) for
the licensing of professional graduate
nurses; b) in the five major areas of
dinical practice; c) in both French and
English.
4. That CNA take immediate steps
to plan and provide for the prepara-
tion... of persons [skilled in test and
measurement techniques].
5. That CNA obtain the services of
a qualified consultant now, on a tem-
porary basis, to develop a plan for
a national test:ng service and to det-
ermine the requirements regarding
personnel and facilities.
Although the CNA Board of Dir-
ectors has approved these recommend-
ations, the final decision concerning
their implementation rests with each
provincial nurse licensing body, since
licensure falls within provincial juris-
diction.
Decisions must be made
Whether we like it or not, whether
we are prepared for it or not, we have
to become involved, immediately, with
some type of testing service for nurse
licensure. The "we" in this instance
refers to nurse educators as well as to
the provincial nurses' associations and
the national association.
EDITORIAL I
That this testing service should
provide machine-scored, objective-type
examinations is hardly contestable at
this point in our history. The issues
that may be questioned - and ultim-
ately decided on by each provincial
nursing association - are these:
First, should examinations for nurse
registration be prepared at the national
or provincial level? Second, if at a
national level, should CNA become -
and be identified as - an examina-
tion-setting body? Third, should the
RNAO Testing Service be used as the
nucleus for examinations at the nation-
al level?
National or provincial level?
It is unlikely that individual prov-
inces will wish to undertake the mon-
umental task of preparing and pro-
cessing their own machine-scored, ob-
jective tests. This would be wasteful
of both human and financial resour-
ces. Moreover, the shortage of per-
sons skilled in test and measurement
techniques would eliminate the possi-
bility of each province being able to
set up its own examinations.
I'here IS another, logical, reason
why registration examinations should
be conducted at the national, rather
than provincial level. The establish-
ment of a nationwide system of ex-
aminations would be a big step toward
uniformity of registration requirements
in this country.
Await consultant's report
The answers to the second and third
questions - concerning CNA involve-
ment with a testing service, and the
possibility of the RNAO Testing Ser-
vice becoming a nucleus for national
examinations - will probably be in
the affirmative. However, a final dec-
ision will be made only when the con-
sultant - as yet unnamed - has
examined and reported on the whole
issue, and when the provincial asso-
ciations have studied her report and
reached their own condusions.
One thing is certain: We can no
longer rely on our friends south of the
border to provide us with this testing
service. The nursing profession in Ca-
nada must assume this responsibility,
and assume it quickly; 1969 is only
two short years away.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 27
The first patient at the Red Cross
Outpost when it opened in Wadhams,
British Columbia on November 1,
1965 was a huge miner who eased in
through the kitchen door without
knocking, suffering from broken ribs
as a result of a faIl. The second pa-
tient was a 69-year-old hand logger
who had been mauled by a gnzzly
bear the previous year. He was
brought in with a badly swollen leg
and severe dehydration, having tested
the theory that "you feed a cold and
starve a fever." The miner left under
his own power; the logger stayed the
night - the first to try the new one-
bed hospital. All went well with him
and by morning he felt chipper and
ready for breakfast.
Since its debut, the Wadhams Out-
post has learned the wisdom of the
slogan "be prepared." After two
years, its files contain records of
avulsions, lacerations, contusions,
sprains, aches and pains, sore throat,
earache, "running noses," removal of
foreign bodies from all parts of the
anatomy, salt water boils, fish poison
infection, infected bites from our im-
pressive Inlet insects, acute abdomens,
cardiac attacks, allergic reactions,
contact dermatitis, ingestion of stove
oil, carbon monoxide poisoning, alco-
holism, emotional problems, insom-
nia, corns, hemorrhoids and hot
flashes - and too, too often, tooth-
ache from abscessed teeth.
Wadhams is one of 24 outpost nurs-
ing stations operated by the Canadian
28 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Wadhams' Outpost
Nursing Station
Sybil Johnson
Red Cross, and the most isolated. It is
located about 250 miles north of Van-
couver City, between Vancouver Is-
land and the Queen Charlottes, where
an inlet cuts deeply into the rugged,
rocky coastline of British Columbia.
This is Rivers Inlet, one of the two
mainland regions where the famous
Sockeye salmon come to spawn and
one of the greatest fish-packing areas
in Canada; where rain forests rise lush
and green and the logging industry
thrives; where the Pacific weather
systems stage exhilarating demons-
trations; where all the buildings and
walks squat on floats, docks and
pilings.
At one time, there were 11 canneries
in operation in the area, but now only
fish camps remain. Wadhams, owned
by B. C. Packers Ltd., is the largest
camp on the Inlet. In the summer
there may be 500 people in Wadhams,
thousands in the Inlet. Then the fish-
ing season ends, and like small ghost
towns the camps are left to a lone
caretaker and his family. Logging con-
tinues until weather forces a shut-
down. A few of the families stay on.
By winter the population consists of
these families whose businesses and
homes are here, and the one cosy little
native viII age of Owikano at the head
of the Inlet.
Transportation is either by boat or
plane. If it weren't for large logging
vehicles, one could come to believe
that tires are used only as bumpers
on the sides of boats. Communication
is by radio-telephone, subject to the
whims of weather distortion. There is
no TV, no daily paper; in fact, for
eight months of the year, supplies and
mail arrive by freighter twice a month,
and there is weekly service for the
other four months.
Although the furniture in our Wad-
hams clinic is not the most modem, it
is sturdy and serviceable. The dental
chair is a museum piece, dating back
to the 1890's shortly after the first
Methodist medical missionary came
into Rivers Inlet to open a medical
center, to care for the gory accidents
of fish cannery workers, neglected
families of fishermen, and the appal-
ling misery suffered during the fren-
zied passion to harvest the Sockeye
salmon.
In 195] the Fisheries Association,
assisted by the fishermen and the Na-
tive Brotherhood, provided the present
medical center. It was built in two
sections in Vancouver, towed on a
large scow to the Inlet, then pulled
to its present position and joined, to
produce a well planned, three-room
clinic and a deliphtful three-room suite
with all the facilities of town.
Before the Canadian Red Cross
Society took over, this medical center
had been operated for three summer
months by the R. W. Large Memorial
Hospital of Bella Bella, B. c., with a
senior medical student in attendance.
Mrs. Johnson is employed at the Red
Cros
Outpost Hospital at Wadhams. B.c.
MAY 1967
One doctor from Bella Bella visited
weekly in the medical boat. He still
does. After fishing season, he flies in
once a month, collects the Red Cross
nurse and together they make the
rounds of Rivers and Draney Inlets,
Owikano village and the logging
camps on Owikano Lake. Of course,
when winter comes the doctor's calls
are subject to long delays by un-
friendly weather. This same fiendish
weather provokes hazardous boat trips
for all, and some of the flights in the
"tin eagle" are spent straining on the
seat belt, instead of reclining on the
seat.
All seriously ill patients are flown
out to Bella Bella, Port Hardy or Alert
Bay. The ambulance plane can be
here within half an hour. Less serious
cases can be transported by boat.
Thus, as a rule, in-patients remain in
the Outpost only 24 hours, subject
of course to wind, weather and tides.
The summers are busy, but winter is
slack. Logging accidents and boat
explosions are always a possibility, but
the men are safety conscious.
One thing a nurse learns quickly
at an outpost such as Wadhams is to
think ahead where provisions are con-
cerned. A breakfast for the working
men means bacon, half a dozen eggs,
half a loaf of toast, potatoes, fruit,
jam, and coffee with milk and plenty
of sugar. Groceries are ordered from
the city throughout the winter, and
after a few months of shortages one
learns to order sufficient supplies. One
thing is certain - our patients enjoy
home-cooked meaJs, and a request for
a second helping is regarded as a
compliment by a nurse who doesn't
profess to be a cook.
Red Cross has equipped the Outpost
for almost everything because almost
everything from birth to death can
happen.
One day that started at 5:00 A.M.
developed steadily, until Paul, a 63-
year-old, 300-pound fisherman, col-
lapsed on his boat with all the symp-
toms of cerebral vascular accident.
While waiting for the ambulance
plane, this large man was carried to
MAY 1967
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 29
the nursing station and, since his stay
would only be about 20 minutes, the
canvas stretcher was placed in the
center of the opened Toronto couch
in the waiting room. The exhausted
stretcher-bearers went en masse to find
a cart for a return trip. During this
lonely vigil, Paul had a violent seizure
with all movements lashing to the left,
toward the wall. Visions of her patient
falling off the stretcher and then off
the couch, catapulted the nurse into
protective calisthenics that can only be
described as a mis-match by about 200
pounds. Of course the seizure didn't
last forever, sodium luminal was in-
jected, the "shook-up" nurse was
attempting to regain her poise and
composure when a plane landed. No
ambulance, this plane! Dr. C. S. Gam-
ble and Nurse Beacom of the National
Health Services had arrived for the
doctor's first official visit. The hour
was noon, the nurse's husband and
son came in for lunch, and the table
was bare. It was one of "those" days;
but somehow, one survives to meet a
live "Peter" another morning.
Pete was a 74-year-old fisherman
who spent seven long hours at night,
in the chill waters of Queen Charlotte
Sound, clinging to two life preserver
rings, when his boat sank suddenly
after hitting a submerged deadhead.
Fishermen are a hardy lot. Pete's big
problem when he recovered from
shock and exhaustion was, "would his
missus let him buy another gill-
netter?"
The Red Cross nurse was called to
the village one March evening when
the flu epidemic raged along the coast.
She found everyone in the village
suffering. The following night she re-
turned to attend the men who had
been overcome by the infection and
had to leave their work in the logging
camps. The men suffered the most.
The Oolichans (candle-fish) were run-
ning and all were too ill to fish.
The first trip was the opportune
time to test the efficiency of the nur-
se's little black bag. What a schmoz-
zle! No electric lights, just a small
kerosene light, usually in a remote
corner - and nothing, absolutely no-
thing, was right in that miserable bag.
The second night, despite improve-
ments, was just as impossible. Now the
nurse travels with a small pack-sack
and the little black bag. Flashlights
and kerosene lamps pose no prob-
lems. In fact after a storm, our power
system in Wadhams was laid to rest
and during that time a nasty lacer-
ation had to be sutured by flashlight.
I should not admit the flashlight was a
spotlight - but I will.
Last year, when most of my cases
had been "dry-runs," I admitted two
30 THE CANADIAN NURSE
burn patients from separate boat ex-
plosions. The first patient was put to
bed, the cold water treatment and
supportive therapy was started with
dispatch and efficiency. The second
man was brought in screaming with
pain. Quickly he was placed on the
Toronto couch; cold water hand baths
were propped on orange boxes and
saturated towels swathed on his face,
neck, chest and arms. Ophthalmic oint-
ment was instilled in his eyes, and
analgesics and supportive therapy were
given. "Oh my God, such relief!"
he whispered. Any feeling of a job
well done was quickly dampened. The
blue smock of the Red Cross nurse
dripped, her shoes squished, the place
looked like a disaster area. Either she
start bailing, or open the door lest the
building sink. However, the patients
responded satisfactorily and were
transferred to hospital. I saw them
both a few weeks later and their
almost total recovery was amazing.
The cold water treatment has proved
miraculous here.
That same day -Freddy was admitted
with diarrhea. Freddy is a most im-
portant baby. The morning of his
birth, Freddy's Dad took me up the
raging river to the village in a flimsy,
temperamental speed boat. I was so
sure it was my last trip that I was
completely composed and waiting for
the end, when suddenly we swerved
to the shore. Clutching the maternity
bundles we ran logs like boom men,
galloped up the bank, puffed up to
the house to find Freddy had just
arrived. The eagle, not the stork, de-
livers in this sphere. All [ did was
instill eye drops and mop up. While
I was waiting for the placenta, soft
music from a Spanish guitar floated
in from the living room. Then a sweet
male voice began to sing. The little
mother smiled. "Fred is happy, he has
a son. He is singing our song."
One of the greatest satisfactions has
been the monthly visit to the Indian
village. These delightful people are
intelligent and humorous. I could fill
pages about the many adventures ex-
perienced on these trips, about the
rides up the swirling, white waters of
the cascading river, to the village in
a genuine 30-foot war canoe, or in
the flat-bottomed tin boat with water
trough seats that are always filled with
shockingly cold water; or about the
walks up the new logging road through
the best grizzly country in B. C.
This fall a hunter was attacked by
two timber wolves. He escaped but
the natives are concerned about wolves
being hungry at this time. Speaking of
wolves, the lone cry of a wolf on TV
is just background music; but when
heard "live" at the Outpost, those
round pearly notes make my hair rise
so fast the dead ends snap off.
The monthly visit to the village
coordinates with Indian Health Serv-
ices and some public health. The little
people of these communities greet the
nurse with mixed emotions: Will she
smile and poke, or smile and stroke?
The year 1967 is the space age to
you, but in this wild and wonderful
wilderness, wind, weather, and tides
are not for countdown. They are
seriously studied for safe existence.
Here is the beauty of the forest prim-
eval and all the chilling reality of
survival of the fittest. Here is isol-
ation that defies time. This same
isolation poses a nursing problem.
During the winter the inhabitants are
out of contact with others and im-
munity is lost. A pale, listless virus
outside can suddenly become a viru-
lent vampire once introduced in the
Inlet. It wasn't long till pHisoHex and
paper towels became my traveling
companions.
When this article was started, the
writer feared lack of material. Now
comes the realization: I haven't even
started. I haven't mentioned what a
Red Cross Outpost means to this
isolated country, or that the Red Cross
nurse is expected to perform hair cuts,
fill in legal documents, shorten trous-
ers, referee disputes, remain neutral
in fishing versus logging arguments,
and consume gallons of coffee. Nor
have I mentioned our "diggings" -
Indians camped on these shores for
centuries and artifacts abound. And
these are only a few of the things I
haven't mentioned.
I will tell you about the dark night
loggers on Owikano Lake were re-
turning to camp in their logging boat
when a dim glow in a bay suddenly
became a brilliant light that lit the
shoreline and mountains. A u.F.0.
swung up, hovered for a second, then
in a flash disappeared over the moun-
tains. It would give me great glee to
include in my month-end report to our
director of nursing services in Van-
couver: "Sutured with fine unidentified
wire the 7th digit on the 7th left foot
of M.N.O. "Gniht," a friendly Raga-
nooter from outer space." On the
other hand, I don't think I have the
stamina to wait out the two weeks for
her reply. 0
MAY 1967
Intensive care units are springing
up all across Canada. Even the 25 to
99-bed institutions are planning them,
and soon one in every 20 small hos-
pitals will have units of 4-5 beds for
intensive care.
One of the newest and most modern
intensive care units in Canada is the
20-bed specially-designed area at St.
Paul's Hospital in Vancouver. This
570-bed genera] hospital adapted a
wing in one of their oldest buildings
for medical intensive care.
Over two years was spent in design
.nd planning after federal and prov-
incial governments granted funds (one-
third of total cost borne by each) for
construction. St. Paul's provided the
remaining one-third with the major
part of the hospital contribution com-
ing from the P.A. Woodward Founda-
tion.
At St. Paul's Hospital, a special six-
bed Coronary Care Unit occupies one
end of the intensive care ward, sharing
certain facilities, supplies, and staff.
Coronary heart disease is the leading
cause of death today, and, despite in-
creasing knowledge and intensive re-
search. no satisfactory preventive pro-
gram has yet been devised. With the
new techniques and equipment for
diagnosis, observation. and treatment,
and use of this specially designed and
equipped area, a significant reduction
in mortality can be achieved.
Unit design
An old patient wing on the second
MAY 1967
Medical
. .
Intensive care
A new breed of nurses is necessary - those qualified to work in intensive care
unit. Just as good case room, operating room, or emergency staff are developed
after graduation, so are qualified specialists in intensive care.
Sally Staples
floor of the central building previously
converted for office use was selected
for the unit. It was completely modern-
ized.
Doors from the main corridor open
automatically - and noiselessly - by
electric eye control. The whole area is
carpeted to provide noise control; this
also brings beauty to the area, and
helps promote a tranquil atmosphere
in the midst of much activity and
stress.
Just outside the automatic doors is
a comfortable, private visitors' room
where relatives and friends can remain
during critical periods. Visiting regu-
lations inside the unit are tailored to
the individual patient's needs and
wishes.
A conference room for team discus-
sion, clinics, and lectures is also avail-
able outside the unit.
Immediately inside the doors is the
resident physician's office and a small
room for his secretary. This medical
director attends the unit full-time. He
supervises the four rotating members
of the physician's committee to over-
see admissions and discharges and
length of stay on the unit. The office
space is shared by a physician work-
ing toward his Fellowship in cardio-
logy, and a full-time resident and in-
tern. All are responsible to the medical
director. There is at least one medical
Mrs. Staples is head nurse of the In-
tensive Care Unit at St. Paul's Hospital.
Vancouver. British Columbia.
staff member on the unit at all times.
A small but well-equipped blood gas
laboratory is located on the unit and
one full-time technician is assigned
there. When she is off duty blood gas
work may be done by the resident.
Analysis of arterial and venous blood
gases - pH, pO:!, peO:!, and
O:! saturation - is a vital service on
ICU. The new automated laboratory
facilities of the hospital are also avail-
able.
The clean utility and supply room is
also located in this area. Consider-
able planning as to flow of materials
has made this rather small room high-
ly functional. Auxiliary staff clean
equipment and are responsible for
suppJies.
Just off the utility area a small room
has been adapted as a private office for
the head nurse.
Two four-bed wards are located in
the next area. Here, patients may be
kept for observation, after coming off
the heart-monitoring equipment or
after the acute phase of their illness,
before returning to general care wards.
Patients who need special investigation
also may be admitted to these rooms.
An eight-sided, open nurses' station
occupies the central portion of what
used to be the large open ward. Sup-
porting pillars form the corners of the
station. but otherwise a clear view of
the surrounding rooms is possible from
any point in this charting and work
area.
The head nurse and ward clerk
THE CANADIAN NURSE 31
share the desk facing the unit entrance;
the area at the other end contains the
monitoring equipment consoles for the
coronary care rooms. A medication
"island" containing sink and all nec-
essary supplies for dispensing med-
ications is located in the center. Two
"crash carts" completely set up for
cardiopulmonary resuscitation are lo-
cated inside the station. The charting
drea faces out into the rooms. The en-
tire ceiling is lined with acoustic tile,
and all communication equipment (te-
lephones, patient call systems, etc.)
are set at a low level and equipped
with flashing lights. Individual pocket
paging devices are used by all per-
sonnel on the recuscitation team. Only
the emergency signal sounds loudly
through the entire area. Business is
carried on remarkably quietly.
The six acute care facilities include
two two-bed rooms and two single
rooms along the side walls of the
ward. One single room is arranged for
isolation care, and also has special
plumbing equipment for emergency
hemodialysis. The front of each room
and the sliding doors are glass, which
allows for direct view of each patient.
Sliding curtains can be pulled across
the glass when privacy is desired.
At the end of the ward, six individ-
ual rooms specially designed for cor-
onary care are arranged in a semi-
circle facing the central monitoring
console desk.
Patient unit
Each patient unit is equipped with
special built-in facilities and furniture.
Beds were designed specifically to suit
the needs of patients in acute care
areas. All beds have an electrically-
operated high-low feature. Head
boards are removable for easy access
32 THE CANADIAN NURSE
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MEDICAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
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MAY 1967
for intubation of the patient, or for
tracheostomy care; these may also be
used as support boards for external
heart massage in the case of cardiac
arrest. Side rails are self-storing and
simple to lock into place. Footboards
adjust to the patient's height. Each
bed has six positions for intravenous
poles.
Each patient area is equipped with
two separately fused circuits to avoid
any interruption in treatment in case
of power failure in one of the circuits.
A minimum of eight outlets is provid-
ed for each bed. Two oxygen outlets
with flow meters and humidfiers are
provided in each bed area. One of the
outlets is installed below bed level to
permit condensation to drain readily
from humidifiers back into the bottle
and avoid the danger of draining into
the patient. Two vacuum outlets permit
a combination of two types of suction
at one time - nasopharyngeal suction,
intermittent gastric suction, or thoracic
suction.
Intravenous poles are suspended
from tracks on the ceiling; IV's hang
directly above the limb, and do not
interfere with nursing care.
An executone communication sys-
tem combines regular nurse call with
receiver and speaker; alarm button for
the nurse to summon assistance in case
of emergency; television speaker jack;
and telephone jack. Wall-mounted
blood pressure manometers, with a
swivel-action that permits them to be
easily read from either side of the
bed. complete each unit.
Special equipment
Electrocardiographic m 0 nit 0 r i n g
equipment has been developed to sup-
plement and assist in the observation
of cardiac patients so that changes in
MAY 1967
status can be noted sooner and more
easily than by intermittent patient ob-
servation alone. Electrocardiographic
monitors operate through skin elec-
trodes to transmit the ECG signal to the
bedside monitor and/ or central panel
oscilloscopes; they present audible and
visible signals with each heart beat.
Each unit is equipped also with an
external cardiac pacemaker, which
can be set to function aU[QmaticaIIy
if cardiac asystole occurs; it can also
be used as an auxiliary power unit for
a transvenous pacemaker catheter in
the treatment of heart block. As the
unit is equipped with a central monitor,
the audible signal is usually turned off
in the patient's room.
Other equipment at the patient's
bedside includes: an oscilloscope, to
observe electrocardiographic image,
with lead selector; a heart rate meter
with an alarm system to indicate
when a predetermined high or low
setting has been reached, or when the
patient develops bradycardia or tachy-
cardia; and a demand pacemaker,
which may be used as described above.
The central monitor at the nurses'
station has a unit connected to the
heart rate meter with audio and visual
alarm system; a slave oscilloscope,
which simultanoeously duplicates each
of the ECG patterns from the individ-
ual scopes in the patients' rooms; a
magnetic tape device which records
for five minute periods and erases
continuously until such time as an
emergency occurs and, at that time,
readings made during the interval
preceeding the emergency are auto-
matically transferred to a permanent
paper record; and an electrocardio-
graph direct readout, which is activated
simultaneously with the alarm system
and also can be activated manually,
whenever a permanent record of the
ECG is required.
Mobile equipment not kept in the
station, but readily available for use,
will monitor various physiological
parameters necessary for adequate
scientific therapy and evaluation of
patients, such as heart rate, ECG,
intra-arterial blood pressure, central
venous blood pressure, cardiac output,
core and skin temperature, blood pH,
and so on.
Many patients adapt quickly and
well to automated devices; others ex-
hibit great anxiety. Not the least of the
nurse's skill in the use of equipment
involves interpretation of the machines.
The importance of maintaining the
dignity of the individual and of creat-
ing a warm. understanding nurse-
patient feeling is also part of the chal-
lenge of ICU nursing.
Nursing care
Sudden and often critical changes in
patient condition place responsibility
on the nursing department to provide
the most expert nursing care possible
on an ICU. Adequate staff, carefully
selected and specially prepared, is es-
sential. Nurses must be able to work
efficiently while carrying out a variety
of activities, frequently under pressure,
and to take responsibility for initiating
action in emergency situations.
There can be no compromise in pro-
viding sufficient personnel to provide
needed services in the intensive care
unit. To give adequate care, a ratio of
one nurse to every two or three
patients has been found necessary.
This coverage requires a staff of two
for each bed in the unit, for example,
1 head nurse, 1 instructor, 20 register-
ed nurses, 10 practical nurses, 2 nurse
aids, 4 orderlies, and I ward clerk
THE CANADIAN NURSE 33
This would give an average of from 4
to 6 registered nurses, 2 practical
nurses, and an orderly on each shift.
Orientation and teaching programs
must be developed if patients are to
receive the best possible nursing care.
The unit should have an instructor who
will be responsible for developing and
carrying out these programs with the
help and cooperation of the head nurse
and supervisor.
Orientation will require a planned
program about three to four weeks in
length and should include lectures from
doctors and nurse educators and clini-
cal experience under the direct super-
vision of a senior nurse.
Ongoing inservice education should
also be part of the ICU program. A
written, well-thought-out program
should include: review of physiology
and pathophysiology; review of drugs
and information on new drugs; basic
electrocardiography; arrhythmias -
recognition and treatment; shock -
recognition and treatment; emotional
support of the seriously ill patient and
his family; laboratory tests in dignosis
and treatment; use of equipment; and
review of techniques.
Other areas should be covered as
the need is apparent. The limiting
factor of any intensive care unit will
be the degree of education and training
of unit personnel.
Team concept
The best approach to patient care
in a coronary care unit is through a
team effort involving medical and nurs-
ing personnel. Effectiveness of in-
tensive care is closely correlated with
the strength and structure of the
team. Medical and nursing personnel
share observations regarding the clini-
cal course of the patient; for example,
they interpret arrhythmias together.
Patient problems are discussed at
team conferences and solved by both
physicians and nurse members. Prob-
lems may be directly or indirectly
related to the disease of the patient.
For example, the doctor may be con-
cerned that the patient is beginning to
show some signs of heart failure, so
34 THE CANADIAN NURSE
he will review these signs with the
nurse to make sure she understands
what to look for and what treatment
to be prepared for in the event these
signs develop; or because of his dis-
ease, the patient may not be able to
accept his disability and the doctor and
nurse together must find ways to help
him understand and accept change.
Relationships between doctor and
nurse in ICU tend to be more on a
partnership basis. The traditional sub-
servient role of the nurse must be put
aside. Sometimes this is in conflict
with the educational background of
the nurse and she must be emotionally
mature to accept the change. Relation-
ships with nursing colleagues must in-
clude a readiness to share, cooperate
and work together, confidence, and
trust.
Special responsibilities
Many techniques used in intensive
care are familiar to all nurses. How-
ever, these patients require exception-
al judgment and precision in admini-
stering care. There are added respons-
ibilities in an ICU that are not normal-
ly considered nursing responsibilities.
Some of these involve continuous as-
sessment of the patient, detection of
early signs of complications, and
constant patient observation. The ICU
nurse must continually evaluate and
make decisions based on her eval-
uations.
All nursing personnel on the unit
should be able to perform closed chest
massage to sustain an adequate cir-
culation and be proficient in the use
of airways and breathing bags for vent-
ilating a patient who has suffered a
cardiac arrest.
Closed chest massage and oxygen
therapy are only interim measures to
sustain circulation until definitive
action can be taken against arrythmias.
In an intensive care unit, the nurse
must be able to recognize a death-
producing arrhythmia, such as ventric-
ular fibrillation, and by herself, in-
stitute immediate action to reverse this
condition, namely electrical counter-
shock. In a coronary care unit every-
thing is in readiness to treat the ar-
rhythmia and, therefore, cardiac mas-
sage is of less importance than in
other areas of the hospital.
Once the arrhythmia has been
terminated with external electrical
stimulation and circulation has been
restored, the remaining program for
resuscitation involves the correction
of the acid-base disturbances that de-
velop during this brief period, and the
use of drugs to preserve the normal
rhythm and prevent further catastro-
phic episodes. The importance of
combating acidosis has become partic-
ularly evident, and large amounts of
intravenous bicarbonate solution arc
used for this purpose. It is the nurse's
responsibility to start an infusion of
NaHC0 3 immediately or, if cardiac
arrest occurs, reverse the acidosis as
quickly as possible.
For optimum care of patients in an
intensive care unit, the nurse must be
versed in the treatment of arrhythmias,
shock, and other untoward events and
must be competent in the use of all
resuscitative and other special equip-
ment so that time is not wasted trying
to understand the operation of the
machine. Operation of equipment must
become second nature to the nurse so
that she is able to concentrate on the
response of the patient to the equip-
ment.
More than ever before, well-quali-
fied, independent, hard-working nurses
are needed for the new nursing roles.
Such is the challenge for nurses
and for nursing. 0
MAY 1967
When a mother phones an emer-
gency department to ask if oil of winter-
green is dangerous because her two-
and-a-half year old son has just swal-
lowed an unknown quantity of it, the
emergency nurse knows that no
chances can be taken. The child must
come in for treatment as quickly as
possible, for one teaspoonful can be
fatal.
It is quite a different situation when
she receives a call about an accidental
ingestion of some cleaning product just
recently on the market. She must leave
everything to search the files for the
product, perhaps only to find that it is
too new to be there. The doctor may
now request that a long distance call
be made to the manufacturer for the
information. In all, it may take up to
one-half hour to get what she st;:lrted
to find. This is very frustrating in a
busy department.
All of the hospital staff at our
hospital were aware that this problem
was not going to improve. City pop-
ulations are increasing and so are the
number of household, garden, and
workshop chemicals. People are also
very careless in using and storing these
items. They siphon off gasoline from
tanks and end up swallowing it; they
work in poorly ventilated areas with in-
dustrial chemicals and are overcome
by fumes; they store kerosene, anti-
freeze and gasoline in pop bottles, and
children, having learned that such bot-
tles give nourishment, drink the con-
tents; they provide candy-flavored pills
MAY 1%7
Poison control
as a nursing function
Poison control centers were first established in Canada in 1957 through the
provincial departments of health. The idea is to have available, at a central point,
information regarding poisonous substances and the treatments indicated. Often
these centers are attached to a hospital. One such center - and its nursing
function - is described.
Lois Pearson
for their children and then leave the
bottles lying about only to discover
later that the whole supply has been
consumed. There is no limit to insidi-
ous possibilities. A man recently
used an aerosol de-icing spray in his
nostrils by mistake.
Elderly people, too, are potential
risks for poisoning accidents. With fail-
ing eyesight, they go to cabinets where
liniments and cough mixtures are stor-
ed together and take a dose of a lini-
ment by mistake. Because of poor mem-
ories, they consume overdoses of
pills.
Our hospital decided that one nurse
appointed to a Poison Control Depart-
ment would be of valuable assistance
in the emergency department. Also she
would be responsible for maintaining
an [nformation Center and would
have the necessary facts available for
doctors in the area when they needed
them.
It was expected that, by having in-
formation up-to-date, the treatment of
poisons would become more refined
and some unnecessary gastric lavage
could be eliminated. Finally, as a part
of the poison control project, it was
expected that the Information Centre
would become involved in an educa-
tional program.
Collection information
It is now a year since I started this
work in our Poison Information
Centre. My time has been occupied by
adding the supplementary material
provided by government agencies to
our poison files. I also write or tele-
phone manufacturers for information
on their products. Reprints, clippings,
pamphlets and letters are filed and
cross-indexed according to their titles
and key words. Because of this, the
material is organized for computer re-
trieval. I procure information on drugs
from our pharmaceutical services anù
consult experts on plants, fungi and in-
secticides in the Department of Agri-
culture.
Poison reports are carefully com-
pleted for a national program on poison
control. These reports are set up on
punch cards which are used for data
processing. By contributing to this pro-
gram, we can obtain specific statistics
on any aspect of the program for our
own use. Comprehensive reporting
supports their research into the causes
and kinds of poisonings. Information
is then provided for us on the latest
treatments and toxicity of the poisons.
Completing these forms is an edu-
cational experience. I have become
familiar with the toxic ingredients of
many substances, their actions, and the
treatments for their effects. Any lack
of information is noted, the deficiency
corrected from day to day. Assistance
to doctors has become more skillful
because of daily research activities.
Mrs. Pearson, who has her degree in
nursing education from the University of
Ottawa, is nurse in the Poison Information
Centre at the Ottawa Civic Hospital.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 35
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36 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Qualifications
I believe that a nurse is essential in
a Poison Information Centre. Ideally,
the candidate should be a registered
nurse with at least a certificate course
in public health, as well as with some
administrative experience. She should
have some pediatric nursing experience
or be a mother, herself.
She needs a good understanding of
basic psychology, for the people she is
concerned with are often in an un-
derstandably highly anxious state. Fin-
ally, she would have at least a certifi-
cate in elementary typewriting - pa-
perwork staggers us all!
Incidental research
Working with the reports stimulated
me to do some epidemiological surveys
for our own hospital. We know now
that poisoning accidents occur in great-
est frequency between 8: 30 and 9: 30
A.M., 10:30 and 11 :30 A.M., and 4:30
and 5 :30 P.M., and that almost all
poisoning accidents occur between
7:30 A.M. and 7:30 P.M. Saturday is
the busiest day of the week, particular-
ly in the morning. It can be assumed
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that this is the time when parents are
sleeping in and children are up and
about, hunting for something to eat
or something to do.
Another project involves using a
map of the city and marking on it the
location of each accidèntal poisoning.
This gives a very good idea of what
areas we are servicing and which
districts have the greatest number of
accidental poisonings.
Our own hospital statistics for last
year show that 25 percent of accident-
al poisonings have been caused by the
salicylates and 22 percent have invol-
ved children. This knowledge is caus-
ing greater interest in salicylate treat-
ment and particularly in developing a
program of prevention.
Community effort
The city health department is shar-
ing this interest with us. Their nurses
visit homes of all children who have
been accidentally poisoned. During
their visits, they observe for residual
effects and safety check lists and leave
literature on household poisons. Busy
parents accept these constructive mea-
MAY 1967
sures to help them with their curious
and energetic children. The nurse some-
times has occasion to help a frustrated
mother understand the difficult period
in child development between the ages
of one to five years. She also finds
that she is a source of information in
other health problems and encourages
families to attend to them.
The Information Centre coordinates
this follow-up program with the emer-
gency department. Notices are given
to parents that a follow-up visit will
be made by the public health nurse.
Referrals are made through the Centre
and reports are sent back following
the visits.
Periodically, representatives from
the public health .department and the
hospital meet to discuss the progress
of poison control. The objective is to
broaden our understanding of the prob-
lem and to coordinate our approach.
As the nurse from the Information
Centre, I act as the secretary for these
meetings.
Educational function
Within the hospital, talks are given
at the request of various groups. Both
professional and non-professional staff
want to be informed about household
poisons, and the correct procedures
for dealing with them, as well as the
organization for hospital care.
In the emergency department, the
staff is oriented to using sources of
information. They are responsible for
this information as well as for the treat-
ments when I am not present. This
orientation program is on a continuing
basis. Staff is kept informed of new
developments for poison control.
All telephone calls are taken in the
emergency department. This is nec-
essary for I may be out of my area
during the day and am only there for
40 hours of the week. While I am in
the Centre, calls are relayed to me
through the intercommunication sys-
tem. My phone has all the lines of the
emergency department but does not
ring in my area. A call can be held if
I wish to phone outside for informa-
tion.
Public relations is a vital function of
the Centre. It is necessary to have the
cooperation of the community in our
work. People need to know that the
Information Centre is a public service
that coordinates its services with those
of the emergency department, the pub-
lic health department, and their own
personal physician.
Requests are also made by the
public for talks on the organization of
this program. I stress that instructions
are given after consultation with a
doctor. The doctor for the emergency
MAY 1%7
department is always on hand. If some-
one has to come to the hospital for
treatment his own doctor is consulted
if necessary, and always if the person
has to be admitted. The public health
nurse, also, refers any medical prob-
lems back to the family doctor if the
need arises.
Sometimes, a mother, who has tele-
phoned the Centre, is instructed how
to observe for toxic symptoms in her
child. She is told that she can get in
touch with us at any time and this
support is usually sufficient to calm
her fears.
This work is extremely interesting.
Doctors and patients are finding the
Information Centre a useful service
and it is rewarding to feel that one
can be an important link between the
hospital and the community.
I have developed a greater appre-
ciation of the work done in prevention
by the public health department. How
satisfying it is to treat the cause of the
accident as well as the effect! 0
Functions and Standards for a Nurse in Poison Control
Organizes and maintains adequate information on poisons.
. Collects new information and incorporates it into the file systems.
. Builds and keeps up-to-date a reference library on toxicology and
therapeutics.
Coordinates the plan for care of accidental poisonings treated in the
emergency department and the follow-up visiting by the public health
nurse.
. Provides information on poisons for the doctor in the emergency
department and consults with him on poison calls.
. Refers accidental poisonings in children to the public health nurse
for follow-up visiting.
Participates in a program of education.
. Orients staff in emergency department to sources for poison in-
formation, and gives continuing programs on new poisons.
. Gives talks to hospital staff on the functions of the poison control
program.
· Informs the public about the services available for poison control
through talks and distribution of literature.
Participates in research.
. Keeps reports on poisonings for comparative statistics, and learns
individual needs.
. Studies epidemiological causes of poisonings.
. Assists in research programs for improvement in knowledge
of poisons.
Practices good public relations with doctors, consultants specialists, and
the public.
. Assures that the services of the Poison [nformation Centre are
adequate for doctors and the public.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 37
Twentieth-century humans tend to
take more medicine than their ances-
tors did. More drugs are available,
they are more complex and more
powerful; they are packaged in at-
tractive forms; and they are promoted
with relentless regularity via radio,
television, and the printed word.
A vailable evidence points to an in-
crease in the misuse of both over-the-
counter medicines and prescription
drugs. Many of you, in the course of
your nursing duties, have seen the
tragedy that can result from the misuse
of drugs, whether accidental or inten-
tional.
As nurses you are in a unique posi-
tion, because of your close relation-
ship with a patient at a time when he
or she is most health-conscious. You
have an excellent opportunity to im-
press upon your patients the necessity
of treating drugs with the utmost
respect and it is hoped that you will
take this opportunity to assist in edu-
cating the consumer in the proper use
of drugs.
Food and drug protective legislation
All drugs sold in Canada are govern-
ed by regulations found in one or more
of the Acts administered by the Food
and Drug Directorate of the Depart-
ment of National Health and Welfare.
There are three Acts and accompany-
ing Regulations that fall under this
jurisdiction. They are the Food and
Drugs Act and Regulations. the Nar-
cotic Control Act and Regulations. and
38 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Drug protection
for Canadians
A century ago sugar syrup could be sold as a "cure" for everything from gout to
galloping consumption. Now, Canadians are protected from misleading claims
and harmful or adulterated drugs. The Food and Drug Directorate, which
oversees the protective Acts, is described in this article.
Eleanor M. Ordway
the Proprietary or Patent Medicine
Act. This legislation gives the Director-
ate effective control over manufacture
and distribution, but does not give the
authority to guarantee or approve of
any drug. The Food and Drug Direct-
orate is charged with the responsibility
of enforcing the Acts and Regulations,
within the framework of the authority
conferred upon it.
At present the Food and Drug Di-
rectorate has a staff of about 800,
with approximately 380 at head-
quarters in Ottawa and the remainder
located in district and regional offices
with laboratories and inspection staff
at Halifax, Montreal, Toronto, Win-
nipeg, and Vancouver.
The inspection staff, as part of its
duties, has carried out an active pro-
gram of plant inspection and this has
resulted in remodelling of plants, revis-
ing of quality control systems, and in-
creased number of qualified personnel
being employed by manufacturers.
It is estimated that there are at
least 30,000 different single-and mul-
tiple-ingredient drug preparations on
the market, and some 700 persons,
firms or corporations hold a Manufac-
turers Sales Tax Licence under the
Excise Tax Act as manufacturers or
producers of drugs. Since the Director-
ate's responsibility encompasses foods,
cosmetics and medical devices, as well
Miss Ordway is Chief of the Consumer
Division, Food and Durg Directorate, De-
partment of National Health and Welfare.
as drugs, it would be physically im-
possible to check every drug product.
The burden of responsibility for the
quality of a drug rests on the shoulders
of the manufacturer.
Advisory council of consumers
The Advisory Council of Consumers
was established July, 1964 by the
Government of Canada to advise the
Minister of National Health and Welf-
are and the officers of the Food and
Drug Directorate "in matters involving
consumer interest relating to the ad-
ministration of the Food and Drugs
Act and the Proprietary or Patent
Medicine Act." The problem of the
use and misuse of drugs by consumers
was an area to which the Council im-
mediately turned its attention.
It was felt that consumers needed
to be made aware: of the undesirable
side effects that may develop in some
people when taking certain drugs; of
the need for reading drug labels care-
fully and for following instructions
regarding dosage; of the necessity to
see a doctor if pain persists; of the
danger of accidental poisonings, es-
pecially where children are concerned;
of the hazards that can occur when an
individual drives his car or operates
machinery while taking certain drugs.
Medication should be taken only when
needed and preferably after receiving
the advice of a physician.
Drugs can and have saved many
lives but when improperly used they
can be dangerous. More than ever be-
MAY 1967
fore, consumers want and need to know
how to use drugs safely and wisely.
Toward this end the Consumer Di-
vision has prepared drug educational
kits that have been sent to key people
in over 30 leading organizations across
the country and to individuals who are
in a position to make effective use of
the material provided. Public response
to the program has been extremely
favorable and more than 2,000 requests
for educational material have been
received since the program started last
fall. This would seem to indicate a
great desire on the part of the public
to become informed about drugs and
also a need for an educational pro-
gram of this type.
The Consumer Division has also
fulfilled speaking engagements to a
wide variety of groups including high
school classes (as part of their con-
sumer education curriculum), profes-
sional associations, and consumer
groups. Through these channels, as
well as others under consideration, the
Division hopes to reach a major seg-
ment of the drug-consuming popula-
tion.
The cartoons illustrating this article
are reprints of the posters found in the
drug educational kit. Also included in
the kit are booklets, .'Consumer Me-
mos," and information sheets on in-
dividual drug topics. Supplementary
material is prepared and sent out from
time to time so that the educational
program is a continuing one.
Consumer education is just one facet
of the overall responsibility of the Food
and Drug Directorate in the field of
drugs. There are many areas in which
the Directorate functions to protect the
interest of the consumer.
Drug notification
Drug Notification Regulations came
into effect in October of 1966 and
every manufacturer of a drug is now
required to file annually with the
Directorate the following information
about each and every drug he imports
or manufactures and offers for sale in
Canada: the name and address of the
manufacturer; the name under which
the drug is sold; the use and purpose
for which the drug is recommended; a
quantitative list of the medicinal in-
gredients contained in the drug by
their proper or common names; and
the recommended dosage of the drug.
The manufacturf'r must also notify the
Directorate if he withdraws the drug
from the market or changes its formu-
lation, or recommended dosage.
This legislation should provide the
Directorate with more accurate inform-
ation on manufacturers and products,
and, as a result, it should be possible
MAY 1967
to exercise better control over the ma-
nufacture and distribution of drugs in
Canada.
Drug manufacture
For all drugs the Regulations require
that "No manufacturer shall sell a drug
in dosage form unless the drug has
been prepared, processed, stored, label-
ed, and tested under the conditions
prescribed in the Regulations." These
requirements for manufacture refer to
the physical layout and maintenance
techniques of the area where the drug
is processed and packaged, the pres-
ence of qualified supervisory personnel
during all stages of manufacture, the
testing for identity, potency, and purity
of each batch of raw or bulk ingre-
dients used in the manufacturing
process, the establishment of specifica-
tions and standards for both raw ma-
terial and finished dosage forms, the
checking of quantities and identity of
all material used in formulation, the
keeping of records covering the manu-
facturing, finishing and testing oper-
ations, and the use of some system of
identifying each lot or batch of a drug
so that it can be recalled rapidly from
the market if necessary.
A manufacturer must also keep a
reference sample and records of each
lot of drug produced for a period of
five years or until the expiration date
is passed for that drug. Importers of
drugs must also provide satisfactory
evidence that Canadian standards have
been met.
Advertising and labeling of drugs
A manufacturer must comply, as
well, with the Act and Regulations as
they apply to advertising and labeling
of drugs. The general label require-
ments are as follows: the main panel
of both the inner and outer labels must
carry the proper name, the standard
under which the drug was manufac-
tured, and the proprietary or brand
name; the common name if there is no
proper name; the name and address of
the manufacturer or distributor of the
drug; the lot number of the drug;
adequate directions for use; a quan-
titative list of the medicinal ingredients
by their proper or common names; on
the outer label a correct statement of
net contents, and, where the drug is
intended for parenteral use, the name
and proportion of any preservative
present therein.
Certain specific groups of drugs re-
quire additional information on the
label. Part C of the Regulations lists
a table of drugs for which limits of
dosage for adults have been establish-
ed and their labels must include the
recommended single and daily adult
dose or the prescribed fraction of the
adult dose for the various age groups
if recommended for use by children.
If the recommended single or daily
adult dose exceeds these established
limits, the label must carry the caution
that the product is to be used only on
the advice of a physician.
Drugs containing acetylsalicylic acid
and its salts or salicylic acid and its
salts or salicylamide must carryon
their labels the statement: "Caution:
Keep out of reach of children," or
"Caution: Keep this and all medication
out of the reach of children," and if
the drug is recommended for children,
a cautionary statement to the effect
that the drug is not to be administered
to children under two years of age
except on the advice of a physician.
The drug phenacetin requires a
warning statement on the label: "Cau-
tion: May be injurious if taken in large
doses or for a long time. Do not
exceed the recommended dose with-
out consulting a physician."
The advertising of over-the-counter
drugs (that is, those which do not re-
quire a prescription for sale) on radio
and television also comes under the
scrutiny of the Directorate. The Ca-
nadian Broadcasting Act requires that
all advertising continuity be reviewed
by the Directorate. A manufacturer
may also request the Directorate to
review the labels and other proposed
advertising material for a drug and to
give an opinion as to whether or not
they comply with the Act and Regu-
lations.
Drug schedules
Incorporated into the Food and
Drugs Act are eight schedules, A to
H inclusive. These schedules define
areas of drug concern and also differ-
entiate between certain classes of
drugs. For example, Schedule B lists
those publications accepted as stand-
ards of reference for drugs for which
no Canadian standards have been est-
ablished. Schedule C comprises in-
jectables produced from tissue extracts
including liver extract, anterior pituit-
ary extract, and insulin, as well as
THE CANADIAN NURSE 39
radioactive isotopes. Schedule D refers
to parenterals including sera, vaccines,
antibiotics and toxoids. Different con-
trols and requirements apply to each
schedule and are outlined in the Act
and Regulations.
The Food and Drugs Act lists in
Schedule A a number of diseases, dis-
orders and abnormal physical states
for which no claims of treatment, pre-
vention or cure may be made for a
drug. A few of those mentioned are
alcoholism, cancer, diabetes, and heart
disease. However, the manufacturer of
a parenteral or Schedule F drug may
mention one of the Schedule A condi-
tions in the inserts accompanying the
drug, if it is necessary in order to give
adequate directions for safe use of
such a drug.
Schedule C and D drugs
The Act prohibits the sale of bio-
logical drugs listed in Schedules C and
D - injectables produced from tissue
extracts and radioactive isotopes, and
parenterals - unless the manufacturer
holds a licence to sell such drugs.
Samples and protocols of tests on eaoh
lot of a new drug that is included in
Schedule C or D of the Act must be
submitted to the Laboratory of Hygiene
of the Department of National Health
and Welfare for assay, and that lot
may not be released for distribution
until the Food and Drug Directorate
notifies the manufacturer whether it is
acceptable or not. Usually the product
is marketed on a release basis for a
considerable time after it is first in-
troduced to the trade.
These drugs carry a Canadian li-
cence number on the label and the
licences may be renewed each year
following an inspection of the manu-
facturer's premises to ascertain that
adequate facilities, technical staff, and
control systems are available. Thus the
Directorate maintains relatively strict
control over the quality of biological
products.
Schedule F drugs
Schedule F of the Food and Drugs
Act lists those drugs for which a pre-
scription is required and the labels of
40 THE CANADIAN NURSE
these drugs must carry the symbol
"Pr" on the upper left hand corner in
addition to the aforementioned inform-
ation. Schedule F drugs may not be
advertised at any time to the general
public for human use.
Schedule G drugs
Schedule G drugs are referred to as
controlled drugs and also require a
prescription. Their labels must carry
the symbol "C" on the upper left hand
corner and they, too, cannot be ad-
vertised to the general public. In ad-
dition, accurate records of the manu-
facture, distribution, and sale of these
drugs must be kept and these opër-
ations may be carried out only by
authorized persons. Recent regulations
have made practitioners responsible for
maintaining records of their prescribing
and administering of controlled drugs
in quantities in excess of a three days'
supply. All these records must be made
available to the Department on re-
quest.
Amphetamine and its salts, barbi-
turic acid and its salts and derivatives,
benzphetamine and its salts, and
methamphetamine and its salts are
classes of drugs that fall within Sche-
dule G.
Schedule H drugs
Schedule H of the Food and Drugs
Act lists two drugs, thalidomide and
lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD),
which cannot be sold in Canada.
However, the Regulations provide for
two exceptions. A manufacturer may
supply LSD to an institution approved
by the Department for clinical use or
laboratory research by qualified in-
vestigators. Thalidomide may be sup-
plied as the bulk chemical in powdered
form to an institution approved by the
Department for experimental and in-
vestigational use on animals only, by
qualified investigators.
New drugs
When a manufacturer wishes to
market what would be considered a
"new drug" under the regulations,
there are several steps he must follow.
First, he submits the findings of his
tests and research to the Directorate
-.-
DRVGS AND ALCOIOL
DON'T MIX
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.
DKUB PItOTECTION
MEANS TEANIDKE BT:
.
DON'T IISTE YDUB MONEY
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MAY 1967
in the form of a preclinical submission
and requests permission to distribute
the new drug to qualified investigators
for clinical trial. If the Directorate finds
the preclinical submission in compli-
ance with the Regulations, a "Notice of
Acceptance" is issued to the manu-
facturer giving him this permission. If
the results of the clinical trial support
the drug's usefulness, the manufacturer
then requests permission to market the
new drug. This application to the
Directorate is termed a "new drug sub-
mission" and is a document that often
consists of 15 to 20 volumes of mater-
ial. The Directorate reviews the sub-
mission and if it is found to comply
with the intent and purpose of the
Regulations, a "Notice of Compliance"
is issued to the manufacturer and he
may then make the drug available for
sale in accordance with the require-
ments of the Act and Regulations.
After the "Notice of Compliance"
has been issued, a manufacturer must
notify the Directorate immediately if
a new drug shows serious side effects
or new evidence indicates that it might
be unsafe in any way and he may be
required to withdraw the new drug
from the market.
It should be reiterated here that the
Directorate does not at any time place
a stamp of approval on any drug. The
Regulations place the major share of
responsibility on the manufacturer to
provide accurate and detailed inform-
ation and data for assessment. The
medical profession must also share
considerable responsibility in the devel-
opment of new drugs and in their use
against disease. The integrity of both
the manufacturer and the medical pro-
fession in this respect must be un-
questionable.
Adverse reaction reporting program
The last decade has seen an ava-
lanche of drugs released and an appar-
ent sudden increase in drug adverse
reactions. This has resulted in the
establishment of a Drug Adverse
Reaction Reporting Program by the
Food and Drug Directorate.
Twelve university teaching hospitals,
MAY 1967
in a contractual agreement with the
Directorate, submit monthly reports
of a comprehensive nature under the
"Evaluation and Research System." A
shorter Alerting Form is used by
individual doctors, hospitals, and other
members of the medical and para-
medical professions, under the "Drug
Alert System," to report any drug ad-
verse reaction they experience in their
practices.
If similar reports of previously un-
known reactions to the same drug are
received, steps are taken to investigate
the reaction more thoroughly for a
possible cause-and-eJfect relationship.
Narcotic control act
The second Act administered by the
Food and Drug Directorate is the Nar-
cotic Control Act which covers the
classes of drugs listed in its schedule.
The Act limits the possession of a
narcotic to those persons so authorized
by the Regulations. Only these author-
ized persons may deal with a narcotic
or import a narcotic into Canada. All
narcotics must carry the symbol "N"
on the upper left hand quarter of their
label and they may not be advertised
or displayed for sale to the general
public.
All narcotics and narcotic prepara-
tions require a prescription with the ex-
ception of two classes of over-the-
counter preparations containing one-
eighth grain or less of codeine in solid
form or one-sixth grain of codeine per
ounce or less in liquid form. The labels
of these over-the-counter narcotic pre-
parations must carry the following
caution; "This preparation contains
codeine and should not be administer-
ed to children except on the advice of
a physician."
Those persons who are authorized
to import, possess, or traffic in nar-
cotics must keep detailed records of all
such transactions and furnish them on
request to the Department. The Nar-
cotics Control Division of the Food
and Drug Directorate works in close
liaison with the Royal Canadian
Mounted Police and other law enforce-
ment agencies to insure that the pro-
visions of the Act and Regulations are
carried out.
Proprietary or Patent Medecine Act
The third Act administered by the
Directorate is the Proprietary or Patent
Medicine Act which applies to re-
medies that are not defined in any
publication of standards. A manufac-
turer may submit his formula to the
Directorate for examination and if it
is found to comply with the Act, a
registration number, which identifies
the product, is issued to the manu-
facturer. The licence to sell these re-
gistered proprietary medicines must be
renewed annually with the Depart-
ment.
Once again, there are specific label-
ing requirements for certain ingredients
outlined in the Act and any advertising
material to be used on radio or tele-
vision must be reviewed by the Food
and Drug Directorate to ensure that
no false or deliberately misleading
statements are made about a product.
Conclusion
This is just a brief outline of the
responsibility of the Food and Drug
Directorate in the field of drugs. The
Acts are intended to be a protection
for the Canadian consumer against
fraud, deception, or danger to health.
The consumer himself must accept
some responsibility and become better
informed on the proper use of drugs.
Drugs can be miracle workers when
properly used, but when misused, they
can turn into deadly killers ! 0
THE CANADIAN NURSE 41
In many psychiatric institutions in
Ontario, there has appeared a relatively
cew member of the psychiatric team.
Emotionally disturbed children in such
institutions now receive their ministra-
tions not from the psychiatric nurse,
but from the child care worker.
Looks after "Iife situation"
To an observer, the child care
worker's role seems to be many roles
wrapped up in one: she is occupational
therapist, as she helps a child with his
poster painting; she is physiotherapist
as she encourages him to participate in
gym class; she is play therapist as she
shows him how to shake his tambour-
ine in the "rhythm and dance" session;
she is nurse as she bandages his cut
thumb; and she is mother surrogate as
she comforts him when he is unhappy.
All these functions contribute to the
child care worker's main responsibility:
to look after "the life situation"* of the
emotionally disturbed child. In the psy-
chiatric setting she helps to establish
a therapeutic milieu, or an environ-
ment conducive to maturation and
desired personality changes in the
child.
A registered nurse on a unit where
child care workers are employed would
be responsible "for providing nursing
care for physically ill children, and for
dispensing medication."**
Available programs
Several child care programs are of-
fered in Ontario. One. sponsored by
42 THE CANADIAN NURSE
The child care
worker in psych iatry
Her arrival on the health team has been welcomed by some, questioned
by others.
the provincial department of education,
is at The Provincial Institute of Trades
and Occupations in Toronto. Another,
which has a joint training committee
with ThistIetown Hospital near Toron-
to, is given by The Children's Psy-
chiatric Research Institute in London.
At ThistIetown Hospital, a children's
psychiatric institution run by the pro-
vincial department of health, a two-
year program has been in operation
since 1959, and is offered to persons
who have grade 12 education. Ap-
plicants with a university degree, a
diploma in nursing, or a teaching cer-
tificate, are placed in a special, one-
year program. At the completion of the
one or two-year program, a certificate
in child care work is granted by the
department of health.
Böth sexes needed
Most applicants to ThistIetown's
program are women, according to Dr.
J.D. Atcheson, the hospital's super-
intendent. "We are constantly attempt-
ing to recruit more males," he said, ' as
it is extremely important that disturbed
children receive care from both sexes.
We prefer persons between the ages of
20 and 55 years," he added, "and are
seeking older men and women."
*J.C. Atcheson, and H.R. Alderton, The
development and organization of a children's
psychiatric hospital, CMAJ 91: 158-164,
July 25, 1964.
U I bid
Students at Thistletown are taught
by psychiatrists, nurses, social work-
ers, and child care workers. The curri-
culum includes instruction in child
development; child health and first aid;
child psychiatry; family dynamics;
group dynamics; milieu therapy - a
course that outlines the principles and
practices required for a therapeutic en-
vironment; and activities with children
- a course that emphasizes the im-
portance of play to children, and
teaches the techniques of involving
children in play activities.
To date, Thistletown has graduated
218 child care workers. Over 100
students presently are enrolled in the
program.
Employment
Graduates of the child care course
usually are employed in psychiatric
institutions that provide residential care
for children. A few work in special
nursery schools and in supervisory
case work with children's aid societies.
The beginning yearly salary for
child care workers in psychiatric in-
stitutions is between $4,800 and
$5,000. Instructors, supervisors, and
chief child care workers receive salaries
ranging from $7,200 to $10,000.
Employed at Clarke Institute
Carol Lord, an attractive, 24-year-
old graduate of the Thistletown pro-
gram, is one of several child care
workers employed at the Clarke In-
stitute of Psychiatry in Toronto. She
MAY 1967
.
,
.'
..
.
......
..
,
speaks with quiet enthusiasm about her
work with emotionally disturbed chil-
dren.
"Caring for these children is very
satisfying," she says. "Over a period
of time, we establish close relation-
ships with each of them, and, in many
instances, are able to see definite per-
sonality changes."
Carol heard about the child care
course from a friend who was investig-
ating career opportunities. At that time
Carol was completing grade 12, having
been away from school for three years
at a typing job. 'I've always enjoyed
children." she says, "so this course
was exactly what I was searohing for..'
The two-year course at Thistletown
was not easy, according to Carol.
Learning the principles and concepts
of care, and applying them to hospital-
ized children were challenges that not
all her classmates were able to meet.
Following graduation in 1965, Carol
remained on Thistletown's staff for a
year. She began her work at the Clarke
Institute in the summer of 1966.
Raised eyebrows
The child care worker's arrival on
the psychiatric scene has raised pro-
fessional eyebrows in some institutions.
Not everyone is willing to squeeze over
to make room for her on the health
team.
The reservations emerge from eco-
nomics as well as professional pride. In
some institutions, the newly graduated
child care worker receives a salary
MAY 1967
.
1..\
I
\.
i ;
-
equal to, and sometimes higher than
that paid to a newly registered nurse.
This is a little hard on the morale of
the registered nurse. Another element
is the disquieting possibility that the
advent of the child care worker may
mean that the care given by the re-
gistered nurse will be confined to
aduits. One psychiatric nurse expresses
it this way: "Why should another
category of worker be introduced to
care for emotionally disturbed child-
ren? Our preparation enables us to
care for any mentally ill person, child
or adult."
Adding fuel to the fire is the en-
thusiastic reception accorded to the
child care worker by many psy-
chiatrists. "Frankly, we welcome this
worker," says one doctor. "The re-
gistered nurse's training has made her
so concerned about asepsis and clean-
liness that she is unable to provide
warm, emotional support to the di-
sturbed child."
Dr. Atcheson, of Thistletown, gives
a different reason for the introduction
of this new worker. He believes that
persons who provide a treatment mi-
lieu for children need very special
training. "A training in pediatric and
psychiatric nursing does not necessarily
provide the content for such a skill,"
he says. To back his argument, he cites
examples of nurses who took this spe-
cialized course because they believed it
essential for anyone caring for disturbed
children. Several of these nurses are now
employed as child care workers.
Child care worker Carol Lord and
"friends" at the Clarke Institute
of Psychiatry in Toronto.
Applicants increase
While the pros and cons of the value
of a specially-prepared group to care
for emotionally disturbed children are
being debated, applicants to the child
care programs in Ontario continue to
increase. Moreover, persons respons-
ible for residential care for disturbed
children in other provinces are express-
ing interest in such programs.
It is probable that an applicant to
a child care program has a motivation
similar to that of an applicant to a
school of nursing - the desire to
become a member of a "helping" pro-
fession. Why, then, does he or she
select child care work in preference to
nursing or some other health career?
A major reason seems to be the
desire of the applicant to work ex-
clusively with children. Another reason
may be the attraction of a program
that is two years, rather than three, in
length. Also, the fact that the student
child care worker receives $3,120 dur-
ing his first year of studies, and $4,050
during his second, at programs spon-
sored by the provincial department of
illCalth, undoubtedly influence his or
her selection. 0
THE CANADIAN NURSE 43
Microscopic examination shows
wast like bodies, some of which are
isolated. others clumped together.
44 THE CANADIAN NURSE
A tropical disease
in Quebec
S. Lauzé, M.D.
X-ray examination of an eight-year-
old boy disclosed a rather mysterious
pathological condition. His chest plates
showed what appeared to be nodules
or small growths in the mediastinum.
Physical effort caused breathlessness.
Clinical specialists examined the lad
and believed that the lesions were in-
active and the disease itself quiescent.
Naturally, under these circum-
stances, tuberculosis was suspect. Thor-
ough investigation followed, including
chest x-rays of the family. Results were
negative, thus ruling out one possible
source of tuberculosis infection. The
child had been born in hospital and his
mother had taken complete care of him
subsequently. The only other person
who might have infected the baby was
a grandmother whose visits tended to
be frequent and lengthy. In spite of
an efforts at tactful persuasion, it was
not possible to have her x-rayed.
The family finally decided to allow
the child to be admitted to hospital
for intensive investigation and diag-
nosis. A variety of tests failed to pro-
duce any new information and thoracic
surgery was considered necessary. At
operation, multiple growths could be
seen, some closely adherent to the
trachea. Others were scattered over
the lung surface. Removal of the tra-
cheal growths would have caused more
harm than good. Tissue for biopsy
was obtained which, in the opinion
of the pathologist, showed all of the
familiar characteristics of tuberculosis.
However, even with the help of spe-
cial staining techniques, he failed to
isolate the organism.
For practical reasons the youngster
underwent treatment for tuberculosis.
This involved numerous injections into
his buttocks for which he has yet to
forgive both his doctor and his uncle,
the pathologist. There matters rested
until the day that the pathologist dis-
covered that these "tubercular" lesions
rarely contained tubercle bacilli. Then
he began his search for another
agent. Eventually his investigation led
Dr. Lauzé is chief of the department of
pathological anatomy. Hôpital Notre-Dame,
Montreal. Quebec.
-
him to suspect a fungus well known to
research workers in tropical and sub-
tropical zones, but relatively unfamiliar
in this climate.
This organism, histoplasma by name,
is a very tiny yeast, first identified by
a pathologist, Darling, in 1905. He
had found it in a man in Panama
who died from an acute infection.
Surprisingly, pathologists later dis-
covered that more than half of the
lesions attributed to the tubercle bacilli
in our region were, in reality, caused
by this particular fungus. A solution
containing silver aids in identifiying
the fungus.
Re-examination of the little eight-
year-old confirmed that his lesions con-
tained many histoplasma that rou-
tine examination had failed to disclose.
This fungus is widely distributed
in the earth. [t flourishes especially
well in the soil found under old hen-
yards. Hens are the chief carriers of
the histoplasma, although they do not
become infected themselves. Other
types of birds as wen as bats also har-
bor the organism.
This little boy had grown up in a
new home in a Montreal suburb built
on the site of an old farm. As a baby,
he had dined greedily on the good
earth!
Histoplasma can also cause an acute
and fatal illness akin to "galloping
consumption" in its characteristics. An
old Egyptian legend has it that anyone
desecrating the pyramids was doomed
to die violently within a year of the
time that the tomb was entered. Au-
topsies performed on modern archeo-
logists who have succumbed to acute
illness following their "digs" in the
pyramids have confirmed that death
was due to massive infection by this
fungi, probably deposited by bats.
Identification of the organism is im-
portant for the lesion imitates the
caseous granuloma of tuberculosis.
Histoplasmosis is non-contagious from
person-to-person in contrast to tuber-
culosis, thus isolation in a sanatorium
or similar institution is unnecessary.
Today the hero of this story is a
fine young man, standing a good foot
taller than his father.
MAY 1967
books
Nutrition and Physical Fitness, 8ed.,
by L. Jean Bogert, Ph.D., George M.
Briggs, Ph.D. and Doris Howes Calloway,
Ph.D 614 pages. Saunders, available in
Canada from McAinsh & Co. of Toronto
and Vancouver, 1966.
Reviewed by Miss Elizabeth Campbell,
teaching dietitian, Faculty of Medicine,
Dalhousie University, and Mrs. Jocelyne
Nielsen, lecturer, School of Nursing,
Dalhousie University.
The original author of this basic text
book, Dr. Jean Bogert, states that the main
purpose of this 1966 revision is to give the
study of nutrition greater depth through
consideration of various discoveries of the
last decade. Basically, the book has a
scientific approach but the authors have
cleverly blended science with a consider-
ation of the practical and human aspects of
eating. It is designed for college or post-
high school students who already" have an
understanding of basic science.
The nutritional information is up-to-date.
Most references at the end of each chapter
are publications of the 1960's. Unfortun-
ately the dietary recommendations are from
the American Food and Nutrition Board
and although the explanations of safety
factors would permit substitution of Can-
adian figures and rationale, this feature
alone detracts from the value of this book
for Canadian use.
The book is essentially a nutrition text
and does not attempt to include diet ther-
apy. It is divided into four parts. The first
half of the book, or 17 chapters, considers
the body needs. The authors have added
results of recent research on body utili-
zation and metabolism of various nutrients.
The energy nutrients, carbohydrates, fats
and fatty acids, proteins and amino acids
are considered at length and include recent
biochemical discoveries. Macro- and micro-
minerals are studied extensively in their
influence and relationship to metabolism.
The section on vitamins is also enlarged
and the B-complex is given an interesting
and complete coverage.
Part Two on "Body Processes" is also
new. This is a welcome addition to a
standard nutrition text. It would be of
greater value to students of nutrition who
have a limited background in physiology
and metabolism. Diets for various condi-
tions are studied in Part Three. Special at-
tention is given to teenagers. Weight control
is treated objectively and fallacies of cer-
tain reducing diets are pointed out very
skillfully throughout this section.
MAY 1967
Economics of food is discussed in the
last part, entitled "Meal Planning." The
practical view expressed would be of great
help to health workers involved in planning
meals with families of various income
groups. A chapter on fads or fallacies and
one on the world food situation are timely
additions to this last section.
Most chapters adequately cover recent
developments. One glaring omission is a
consideration of carbohydrates and their
relation to dental caries. Each chapter is
well illustrated, occasionally in color.
Tables, appendix, and figures are all well
presented. Some diagrams, especially those
explaining the bio-chemical processes, ap-
pear juvenile and not in keeping with the
academic quality of the text itself. A few
photographs are out of date, particularly
those showing teenagers of today.
Irregardless of these minor faults and
criticisms, this book should find many
readers among students of nutrition and
health sciences who have an elementary
background in chemistry and biology. All
nurses concerned with the application of
scientific principles of good nutrition will
welcome this well-written text.
Basic Concepts of Anatomy and Phy-
siology by W. B. Dean, G. E. Farrar,
Jr., M.D. and A. J. Zoldos. 346 pages.
Toronto, Lippincott, 1966.
Reviewed by Miss Lucille Peszat, lec-
turer, University of Ottawa School of
Nursing, Ottawa.
This book uses the program approach to
provide basic information on anatomy and
physiology. Presentation is simple and
concise, with each of the nine chapters
devoted to a specific area of anatomical
and physiological interest. The foundation
of the book is laid in the first two chapters
- "Basic Biological Concepts" and the
"Human Cell." "Information from these
chapters is utilized throughout the remain-
ing seven: "Human Tissues," "Skin and
Skeleton," "Respiratory System," "Circu-
latory System," "Nervous System," "En-
docrine System," "Genito-Urinary System,"
and "Digestive System."
The student is able to progress through
these chapters by completing simply-con-
structed frames. By filling in blanks or
answering multiple-choice q:Jestions, he
actively participates in the learning process.
Answers are readily available within the
text and the student can progress at his
own rate. Although most frames are simply
constructed, some branching is seen.
This book provides a firm foundation of
basic concepts in anatomy and physiology.
Especially noteworthy are the large number
of drawings used to illustrate many of the
frames. However, there does appear to be
greater concentration on anatomy with
physiological content kept relatively simple.
Chapters worthy of mention include
those on the nervous system, which present
rather intense matter in a relatively simple
yet challenging manner.
Not available in this text is a breakdown
of content within each chapter, nor is there
an index listing. Therefore the student is
unable to make special reference to any
one item or concept, but must progress
through the whole chapter to gain specific
knowledge. No additional bibliography or
additional readings are listed to supplement
the material presented.
This book has potential as a beginning
text for students who have little or no
knowledge of anatomy and physiology. It
could also be used as a reviewing aid by
students who have taken beginning biology
or anatomy and physiology or for student
nurses who may wish to recall previously
acquired knowledge before proceeding to
more advanced theory.
Because of the lack of depth in certain
areas, this text may have greater implication
for programs where a basic knowledge of
anatomy and physiology may be required
or desired - for example, in programs for
nursing assistants, orderlies, medical sec-
retaries, technicians or individuals taking
specialized courses in first aid.
Supplemented by more advanced text
books in anatomy and physiology, this book
could be an asset in a school of nursing
library.
Rehabilitation Services in Hospitals
and Related Facilities. 66 pages.
Chicago, American Hospital Association,
1966.
Reviewed by Mrs. H. McMinn, director
of nursing service, Provincial Geriatric &
Rehabilitation Center, Regina, Sask.
This guide provides a comprehensive
understanding of rehabilitation services and
their function as a component part of
medical care. It is directed generally to
persons responsible for patient care pro-
grams and specifically to persons with
limited knowledge of rehabilitation services.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 45
Opiates, radiation therapy,
oral contraceptives, motion,
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ant · otics...
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FRANK W. HORNER LIMITED. MONTREAL, CANADA
Next Month
in
The
Canadian
Nurse
. Series on Modem
Psychiatric Care
. Hemophilia
. Attitudes of Nurses
to Nursing
ð
Photo credits
Toronto Star Syndicate, p. 13
University of Montreal. p. 15
Henry Koro, Montreal, p. 15
St. Paul's Hospital
Photo Lab., Vancouver, p. 32
National Health and Welfare, pp.
36,40
Clarke Institute of Psychiatry,
Toronto, p. 44
MAY 1967
books
(Continued from page 45)
As a manual, it does not deal with clin-
ical practices; it does place emphasis on
functions and management. As a guide, the
material is presented in such a way as to
be of practical use in planning and initiating
a rehabilitation program or improving an
existing program.
The titles of the various sections give
insight into the aspects of the subjects
that are covered. These include: "Rehabili-
tation -An Integral Part of Medical Care";
"Planning a Rehabilitation Program";
"Managing the Rehabilitation Program";
and "Housing the Program."
The chapter on "Evaluating the Pro-
gram" is written as a series of questions.
It is thus an excellent check-list for any
established or new rehabilitation program.
The listed general references, visual
aids, and sources of professional informa-
tion add considerably to this informative
but concise booklet.
Psychology 8S Applied to Nursing,
4 ed., by Andrew McGhie, M.A. Ph.D.
344 pages. Toronto, Macmillan of Can-
ada, 1966.
Reviewed by Mrs. Joan Mills, instructor,
Dept. Nursing Education, Sf. Francis
Xavier University School of Nursing,
Antigonish, N.S.
This text, as the author states, is directed
at the student nurse, to help make the
introduction of psychology in her education
as painless as possible. Throughout the
book the author is very much aware of
the nursing student and frequently points
out an analogy between the case in point
and the hospital setting.
The material is presented in five main
sections. Each chapter inc1udes a summary
and a few questions to help the reader
formulate opinions on the subject covered.
The first section deals with the psy-
chological aspects of human development
from childhood, adolescence, adulthood to
old age. In dealing with "the infant's rel-
ations with others," the author postulates
the theory that the infant is "incapable of
forming any permanent relationship to the
mother during the first six months of life."
He states that the normal infant shows a
need to be stimulated but his need is not
discriminative in that it does not appear
to be attached to any particular person.
And again with breast feeding "it seems
unlikely that the infant, during the first six
months of life, experiences any differenti-
ation between the breast and the bottle."
He hastens to add that the importance of
mothering during this period must not be
underestimated. This section might be
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 47
books
lacking in depth of scientific explanation,
but it should provoke some stimulating
discussion.
Adolescent behavior, with all its ups and
downs. is presented in an easily read,
factual manner. The student who fits into
this age group will undoubtedly find this
of special interest.
The author presents the individual, in
each stage of development - child, adol-
escent, adult - as a patient in hospital.
These brief sections should reinforce the
nurse's understanding of the problems of
adaptation to hospital life experienced by
different age groups.
Part II, "Assessment of Personality," is
devoted to intelligence and personality tests:
the types, uses and limitations of these in
assessing human behavior.
Section III is concerned with human
motivation. Instincts, attitudes, opinions,
unconscious motivation, heredity and en-
vironment and environmental stimulation
make up the content of this section. Some
previously held ideas regarding the influ-
ence of instincts upon human behavior are
questioned and the author substitutes a new
concept, which, though more limited, is
more scientific in its formulation. Some of
the ways in which we react to changes in
the relationship between ourselves and the
outside world are considered in this unit.
The section on interaction with the envir-
onment examines the processes that govern
human behavior. The student will read with
interest the chapter on learning and re-
membering and should obtain some practical
value from it.
In the last section, the author takes a
brief look at "group processes" to remind
us "that we live not in a vacuum, but as
part of a complicated social pattern." Re-
ference is made to norms operating in
different cultures and it is pointed out that
if an individual steps outside the norm of
his particular society or group he is ostroci-
zed by his own society.
Throughout this book the author has
developed two broad themes:
1. The individual owes it to himself to
achieve his potential.
2. We are inclined to exaggerate the
rational nature of human behavior.
This is a concise, well-written, and easily
read book, interspersed with fla
hes of
humor that add to its appeal. There are
times when one disagrees with some of the
author's broad statements, but as he states
himself, "successful teaching becomes suc-
cessful only at the point where the student
begins to question the ideas and conclusions
of his teacher." However, this book should
not be substituted for a psychology text
book for students in schools of nursing.
48 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Personal and V ocationaI Relation-
ships of the Practical Nurse
by Marion Keith Stevens, B.S., R.N. 309
pages. A W. B. Saunders publication,
available in Canada from McAinsh &
Company, Toronto and Vancouver, 1967.
Reviewed by Mrs. Kathleen Johnstone,
coordinator, Vancouver Vocational In-
stitute, Practical Nursing Department,
Vancouver, B.C.
In the chapter on communication, the
author writes: "The primary purpose of
words is to convey ideas. If they fail to
do this they are valueless. The long word
is not necessarily the apt word." She dem-
onstrates her own belief in this quotation
throughout the book. She has avoided the
"long-word expression" and the "pseudo-
intellectual vocabulary" and has produced
an interesting, readable, and most inform-
ative book. She maintains a consistently
high level of interest through a simple
direct style and apt anecdotes.
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MAY 1967
--
books
The book is divided into five parts; the
first one "Relationships of One Person to
Another" is the most detailed.
The first chapter, "The Image of The
Nurse" has a pertinent and humorous
questionnaire on "How You Appear to
Others." Chapters on personality, emotions,
and mental mechanisms should help the
nurse to better self-knowledge. In the
chapter on motivation, the author writes,
"Paramount to understanding the behaviour
of other persons is the need to understand
our own behaviour."
There is an interesting chapter on rules
of conduct that includes the American
Nurses' Association code of ethics for pro-
fessional nurses; a code of hospital ethics;
the Nightingale pledge; pledge of the Army
Nurse Corps; the flight nurse creed; and
the Oath of Hippocrates. A few valuable
pointers are given on etiquette. Of good
manners, the author says, "They are the
lubricant which causes the mechanism of a
relationship to run smoothly."
Other chapters in the first part deal with
laws of learning, tests and examinations,
and also give the names and addresses of
magazines of interest to the practical nurse.
Part two deals with the relationships of
the nurse and the patient. The author De-
lieves that the old idea "the nurse must not
become emotionally involved with the pa-
tient" should be amended to read, "The
nurse must not become emotional." She
stresses that the nurse must become invol-
ved. This section continues with a description
of patients and problems that the nurse
may become involved in - pain, dis-
ability, terminal illness, the new mother,
the child, etc.. and in each case makes
helpful suggestions as to how the nurse
might guide the relationship.
The third part deals with relationships
with other people in the hospital. Nursing
service organization is explained and the
lines of authority clarified. Then the nurse's
relationships with doctors and her place in
the nursing team is discussed. There are
excellent suggestions to guide the nurse in
her relationship with visitors.
Part four, "The Relationship of The
Nurse With Professional Groups," begins
with a concise history of nursing and dis-
cusses related organizations including the
World Health Organization and community
health.
In the last section, "Economics and the
Nurse," suggestions are given on applying.
evaluating, and resigning from a job. In
the chapter "Your Money," the value of
the information on taxes, social security,
and medicare would seem to be limited, and
might tend to date the book. The chapter
(C01ltillued Oil paRe 50)
MAY 1967
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 49
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50 THE CANADIAN NURSE
books
(Continued from paRe 49)
on the nurse and the law is more sig-
nificant as it deals with principles rather
than particular situations.
Throughout the book, the author has
been able to present good ideas in a very
interesting way. The Manual for Teachers
is very helpful. It contains thought-provok-
ing situations for discussion and gives good
references.
accession list
Publications in this list of material
received recently in the CNA library are
shown in language of source. The majority
(refence material and theses, indicated by
R excepted) may be borrowed by CNA
members, and by libraries of hospitals ålld
schools of nursing and other institutions.
Requests for loans should be made on the
"Request Form for Accession List"' (page
52) and should be addressed to: The
Library, Canadian Nurses' Association, 50
The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario.
BOOKS AND DOCUMENTS
I. A breviations utiliSlées en médecine
et en biologie medicale. Paris, Publie par
I'Union internationale de la Pre sse medicale,
1963? n.p. R
2. Annotated guide to health instruction
materials in Canada, compiled by the
School Health Committee of the Canadian
Health Education Specialists Society. 2d
ed. Ottawa, 1967. 105p.
3. The complete gamut of progressive
patient care in a community hospital by
Lewis E. Weeks. Battle Creek, Mich., W. K.
Kellogg Foundation, 1966. 55p.
4. Dictionary of Canadian biography.
General editor: George W. Brown, Tor-
onto, University of Toronto Press, 1966.
177p. R
5. Emerging strategies and structures
for educational changes. Proceedings of the
Anniversary Invitational Conference June
12-15, 1966. Toronto, Ontario Institute for
Studies in Education, 1966. 177p.
6. The health sciences in Ontario uni-
versities; recent experience and prospects
for the next decade. Toronto, Committee
of Presidents of Universities of Ontario,
Presidents' Research Committee, 1966. 26p.
7. The hospitals yearbook, 1967; an
annual record of the hospitals of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland. London,
Institute of Hospital Administrators, 1966.
1318p. R
8. Introducing nutrition by Helen And-
rews Guthrie. St. Louis, Mosby, 1967. 464p.
9. Nursing service. Staff utilization and
control program orientation report. rev.
Los Angeles, Commission for Adminis-
trative Services in Hospitals, 1966. 1 v.
(Loose leaf)
10. The nursing clinics of North Amer-
ica, v. 2, no. I. March 1967. Philadelphia,
Saunders. 214p. Contents: radiation uses
and hazards; the nurse and the law; law
and the nurse - the Canadian position.
II. Nutrition and diet modifications for
the nurse by Carolynn E. Townsend,
Albany, N.Y. Delmar, c1966. 202p.
12. Nutrition and diet modifications for
the nurse, instructor's guide, by Carolynn
E. Townsend. Albany, N.Y. Delmar, 1966.
32p.
13. Principles of management. an anal-
ysis of marwgeriul functions by Harold
Koontz and Cyril O'Donnell, 2d. ed. New
York, McGraw-Hili, 1959. 718p.
14. Problem solving discussions and
conferences: leadership methods and skills
by Norman R. F. Maier. New York.
McGraw-Hili, 1963. 261p.
15. Procedures of accrediting educatioll
in the professions: a series of reports,
Washington, National Commission on Ac-
crediting, 1964-1966. 25pts in I.
16. Prophylaxie des maladies transmis-
sibles, a [,homme. Rapport officiel du Co-
mite des maladies transmissibles, Asso-
ciatino americaine de santé publique. New
York, 1965; Adaptation française. Ottawa,
Ministere de la Sante national et du Bien-
etre social, 1966. 359p.
17. The psychology of the sick bed by
J. H. van den Berg. Pittsburgh. Duquesne
University Press, c1966. 136p.
18. A quality control plan for nursing
service. Los Angeles, Commission for Ad-
ministrative Services in Hospitals, 1965.
33p.
19. Ralldom House dictionary of the
English language, edited by Jess Stein.
New York, Random House, 1966. 2059p. R
20. Répertoire de l'lnstitut Canadien
d'Education des Adultes. Montreal, 1967.
iv. (looseleaf) R
21. The role of colleges and wli
'ersities
in assisting developing countries in the
field of nursing educatIOn. Report of a
conference held by Dept. of Baccalaureate
and Higher Degree Programs of the Na-
tional League for Nursing in Detroit, Mich.,
Sept. 8-9, 1966. New York. National
League for Nursing, 1966. 42p.
22. Schizophrenies ill the commullity:
an experimental study in the prevention of
hospitalization by Benjamin Passmanick,
Frank R. Scarpitti and Simon Dinitz. New
York, Appleton Century Crofts, c1967.
448p.
23. Schools of professional nursin!: ill
New York State Department of Mental
Hygiene 1942-62, by Lillian V. Salaman.
New York, Graduate School of Arts and
Science, New York University, 1964,
c1965. 196p.
MAY 1967
[ accession list
24. Standards for accreditation of Can-
adian mental hospitals. Toronto, Canadian
Council on Hospital Accreditation, 1964.
2v in 1.
25. A study to determine the readiness
of nurses to use independent judgement, in
determining what to teU and teach patients
about medicines by Marie J. Zimmer. New
York, National League for Nursing, 1967.
114p. (League exchange no. 80)
26. Time off with pay. New York, Na-
tional Industrial Conference Board, cl965.
84p.
27. To-day's health guide. A manual of
health information and guidance for the
American family. Edited by W. W. Bauer.
Chicago, American Medical Association,
cl965. 624p.
28. World Health Organization. Expert
Committee on the Midwife in Maternity
Care. Oct. 19-25, 1965. Report. Geneva,
World Health Organization, 1966. 2Op.
(WHO Technical report no. 331)
29. World Health Organization. Expert
Committee on Nursing. Geneva, 26 April-
2 May, 1966. Fifth report. Geneva,
1966. 32p. (WHO Technical report no 347)
30. The world year book of education,
1965. The education explosion edited by
George Z.F. Bereday and Joseph A.
Lauwerys, London, Evans, 1965. 498p.
PAMPHLETS
31. Associated degree education for
nursing. New York, National League for
Nursing, Dept. of Associate Degree Prog-
rams, 1967. 5p.
32. The changing cultural patterns of
work and leisure by Margaret Mead. Wash-
ington, U.S. Dept. of Labor, Manpower
Administration, 1966. 38p.
33. The development of a new drug in
a pharmaceutical firm. Address by G. E.
Paget presented at a meeting of the British
Association for the Advancement of Sci-
ence. Reprint. London, The Advancement
of Science, February 1967. lOp.
34. Education for nursing the diploma
way. New York, National League for
Nursing, 1966. 42p.
35. Emer[?enc}' health services informa-
tional and educaJÍonal programs: develop-
ment and present status by F. C. Pace.
Ottawa, 1967. Reprinted from The Can-
adian Medical Association Journal 96:221-
225, Jan. 28, 1967. 5p.
36. Fluoridation in Canada, 1966. Tor-
onto, Canadian Dental Association, Bureau
of Economic Research, 1966. 9p.
37. Guidelines for assessing the nursing
..
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For demonstrating and practicing the
newest nursing techniques - lavage and
gavage - tracheotomy and colostomy,
and their post-operation care - nasal
and otic irrigations - catheterization and
all abdominal irrigations - subcutane-
ous, intramuscular and intradermal injec-
tions - and all standard nursing procedures.
Let us tell you about the new features we
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aid. Write to
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MAY 1967
education needs of a community. New
York, National League for Nursing, 1967.
lip.
38. Guidelines to collective bargaining
for nurses in A Iberta. Edmonton, Alberta
Association of Registered Nurses, Employ-
ment Relations Committee, 1966. 5p.
39. Guiding principles for the provision
of occupational health services. Toronto,
Canadian Medical Association, 1964. 8p.
40. Horne Care by David Littauer, I.
Jerome Fiance and Albert F. Wessen.
Chicago, American Hospital Association,
cl961. 110p. (Hospital monograph series
no. 9)
41. L'infirmière auxiliaire; aperçu de
législation comparée. Genève, Organization
Mondiale de la Santé. 1966. 39p.
42. Investment in poor people by Theo-
dore Schultz. Washington, U.S. Dept. of
Labor, 1966. 26p.
43. It takes more than words; a teacher
listens in at the 1965 Canadian Youth
Conference on Smoking and Health by
W. J. MeUor, Ottawa, Dept. of National
Health and Welfare, 1966. 7p.
44. Practical nursing education to-day;
report of the 1965 survey of 722 practical
nursing programs. New York, NLN. 1966.
33p.
45. A teenager looks at smoking. Im-
pression of the Canadian Conference on
Smoking and Health, May 12-14, 1965, by
Heartburn's one of the worst kinds of
indigestion. And Tums are the best way
of relieving it. Wherever you are take
Tums; they need no water, taste pleas-
antly minty, act fast to bring long-last-
ing relief from heartburn, gas and indi-
gestion, and cost so little. Tums fight
acid indigestion so well because the y
consume 93 times their own we ig ht in
excess stomach acid - So take heart,
heartburn sufferers - take Tums for
quick relief.
T" TO::
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the tummy! CI1.J
U
THE CANADIAN NURSE 51
accession list
Hilary Lips. Onawa, Dept. of National
Health and Welfare, 1966. 8p.
GO\ ERNMFNT DOCUMENTS
46. Bureau of Statistics. Census of
Cal/ada 1961, vol. 7, pt. 2. General review.
Canadian families. Ottawa, Queen's Printer.
1967. (Cat. no. 99-526) 62p.
47. Bureau of Statistics. Hospital mor-
hidit.\' 1962. Onawa, Queen's Printer, 1967.
1:!3p_ (CaL no. 82-525)
48. Bureau of Statistics. Mental health
statistics 1964. Institutional admissions and
separations. Ottawa, Queen's Printer, 1967.
181p.
49. Bureau federale de la Statistique.
La morbidite IlOspitaUere 1962. Ottawa,
Imprimeur de la reine, 1967. 123p. (Cat.
no. 82-525)
50. Dept. of Indian Affairs and Nortn-
ern Development. People of light and dark,
edited by Maja van Steensel. Ottawa,
Queen's Printer, 1966. 156p.
51. Dept. of National Health and Wel-
fare. Changes in legislation in general
assistance, mothers' allowances and living
accomodations for the elderly in Canada,
1964 and 1965. Ottawa, 1966. 26p.
52. Dept. of National Health and Wel-
fare. Del/tal effects of water on fluorid-
atiol/. Report 1954-1963. Ottawa, 1954-
1964. 7v.
53. Dept. of National Health and Wel-
fare. Research and Statistics Directorate.
Prol'incial health services by province.
Onawa. 1966. 234p.
54. Ministere du Travail. Direction de
I'Economique et des Recherches. Organi-
satiol/s de tramilleurs au Canada 1966. 55
ieme ed. Ottawa, Imprimeur de la reine,
1966, 1l0p.
55. National Research Council of Can-
ada, NRC rniew, 1966-0000. Ottawa,
Queen's Printer, 1966. 310p.
56. Royal Commission on Health Serv-
ices. Psychiatric care in Canada, extent
and results by Alex Richman. Ottawa,
Queen's Printer, 1967. 459p.
Great Britaill
57. Central Office of Information, Re-
ference Division. Health services in Britain
rev. London, 1964. 68p.
Ontario
58. Select Committee on Aging, 1964-
1967. Final recommendations tabled dur-
illg the fifth session of the twenty seventh
legislature. Toronto, Queen's Printer, 1967.
42p.
United States
59. Dept. of Health, Education and
Welfare, Office of the Assistant Secretary
for Program Coordination. Job develop-
ment alld training for workers in health
services. Reprint. Health Education and
Welfare Indicators. Aug. 1966. Washing-
ton, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1966. 12p.
60. Dept. of Health, Education and
Welfare, Public Health Service. Cerebro-
vascular disease epidemiology. A work-
shop. Washington, 1966. 69p.
61. Dept. of Health, Education and
Welfare, Public Health Service. Compre-
hensh'e care services in YOur community.
Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1967.
54p.
STUDIES DEPOSITED IN CNA REPOSITORY
COLLECTION
62. History of Saint Joseph's School of
Nursing Victoria, British Columbia, Can-
ada 1900-1960, by Sister Mary Beatrice
Wambeke. St. Louis, Mo., 1960. Thesis
(M.Sc.N.Ed.) - St. Louis University,
192p. R
63. La myasthenic grave et les soins du
nursing par Gilberte Beaulieu. Travail de
recherche présenté à l'Institut Marguerite
d'Youville, 1963. 158p. R
64. The second twenty years in the
historical development of nursillg educatioll
at Laval Ulliversity by Sister Berthe Le-
sage. Thesis (M.Sc.N.) - Catholic Uni-
versity of America, 1965. 87p. R
65. A study of the unit manager con-
cept ill action by Sister M. Celestine O'Sul-
livan. Thesis (M.Sc.N.) - University of
Western Ontario, 1963. 126p. R
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52 THE CANADIAN NURSE
MAY 1967
I
r
classified advertisements
ALBERTA
BRITISH COLUMBIA
Associat. Director of Nursing S.rvice responsible
for nursing service in 200-bed general hospital.
University prepraration and experience essential.
Apply Director of Nursing Lethbridge Municipal
Hospilal, Lelhbridge, Alberla. 1.57-1
NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in aclive 30-bed hospilal,
recently constructed building_ Town on main line of
Ihe C.P.R. and an Number 1 highway, midway
between the cities of Calgary and Medicine Hat.
Nurses on slaff musl be willing and able 10 lake re-
sponsibility in all departments of nursing, with the
exceptions of the Operating Room. Recently renovated
nurses' residence with all single rooms situated on
hospilal grounds. Apply 10: Mrs. M. Hislop, Adminis-
trator and Director af Nursing, Bassano General Hos-
pilol, Bassano, Alberla. 1-5-1
General Duty Nurles for active, accredited, well.
equipped 64.bed hospital in growing town, population
3,500. Salaries range from $380-$440 commensurale
with experience, other benefits. Nurses residence.
Excellent personnel policies and working conditions.
New modern wing opened this year. Good commu-
nications to large nearby cities. Apply Director of
Nursing, Brooks General Hospilal, Brooks. Alberla.
1-13-IB
GENERAL DUTY NURSES - Salary range - $4,320
10 $5,460 per annum, 40 hour week. Modern living.
in facilities available at moderate rates, if desired.
Civil Service holiday, sick leave and pension bene-
fits. Starting salary commensurate with training
and experience. Apply to: Superintendent af Nurses,
Baker Memorial Sanatorium, Box 72, Calgary,
Alberla. 1-14-3 A
ADVERTISING
RATES
FOR All
ClASSIFIED ADVERTISING
$10.00 for 6 lines or less
$2.00 for each additional line
Rates for display
advertisements on request
Closing date for copy and cancellation is
6 weeks prior to 1st day of publication
month.
The CanadIan Nurses' Association has
not yet reviewed the personnel policies
of the hospitals and agencies advertising
in the Journal. For authentic information,
prospective applicants should apply to
the Registered Nurses' Association of the
Province in which they are interested
in working.
Address correspondence to:
The
Canadian
Nurse
50 THE DRIVEWAY
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO.
MAY 1967
I I
ALBERTA
GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 64-bed, aclive Irealmenl
hospilal, 35 miles Soulh of Calgary. Salary range
$360 - $420. Living accommodalion available in
separate residence if desired. Full maintenance in
residence $35 per monlh. 30 days paid vacalion after
12 monlhs employmenl. Please appl y 10: The Direclor
of Nursing, High River Municipa Hospital, High
River, Alberle. 1.46-1
GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Modern 26-bed hospital
close 10 Edmonlon. 3 buses doily. Salary $360_00 10
$420.00 per month commensurate with experience.
Residence available $35.00 per monlh. Excellenl
personnel policies. Apply: Director of Nursing,
Mayerlho'pe Municipal Hospilal, Mayerlhorpe, AI-
berla. 1-61-1
GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 94.bed General Hospilol
localed in Alberla's unique Dinosaur Bodlands. $360
- $420 per monlh, 40 hour week, 31 days vocal ion,
pension, Blue Cross, M.S.I. and generous sick time.
Apply to: Miss M. Hawkes, Director of Nursing, Drum-
heller General Hospilal, Drumheller, Alberlo. 1-31-2 A
BRITISH COLUMBIA
ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL, VICTORIA, B.C.: Inviles
B.C. Regislered Nurses (or Ihose eligible) Ie apply
for Ihese posilions: SUPERVISOR for a 42-bed Psychia.
tric Unit. HEAD NURSE for modern Post-Operalive
Recovery Room. GENERAL STAFF for Psychialric Unit.
Apply indicating preparation and experience to:
Director of Nursing, Victoria, British Columbia.
2-76.4A
Operaling Room Head Nurse ($464. $552), General
Duly Nurses (B.C. Regislered $405 - $481, non-Regis-
lered $390) for fully accredited 113-bed hospilal in
N.W. B.C. Excellent fishing, skiing, skating, curling
and bowling_ Hot springs sWimming nearby. Nurses'
residence, room $20 per month. Cafeteria meals.
Apply: Direclor of Nursing, Kilimal General Hospilal,
Kilimal, Brilish Columbia. 2-36-1
Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, B.C., invites B.C.
Regislered Nurse. (or Ihose eligible) 10 apply for
positions in Medicine Surgery and Psychiatry. Apply
ta: Director of Nursing. Victoria, British Columbia.
2-76-4A
A Medical-Surgical Nursing Instructor, with University
preparolion, for a 450-bed hospilal wilh a school of
nursing, 150 sludenls. Apply: Sisler Mary Ronalda,
M.N., Director, School of Nursing, SI. Joseph's Hos-
pilal, ViCloria, B.C. 2-76.5B
PSYCHIATRIC CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR required by
ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL, KAMLOOPS, Brilish Col-
umbia. For further information write to: Director of
Nursing Education, Royal Inland Hospital, Kam-
loops, B.C. 2-81-2
B.C. R.N. for General Duly in 32 bed General Hospi.
lal. RNABC 1967 salary rale $390 - $466 and fringe
benefits, modern, comfortable, nurses' residence in
attractive community close to Vancouver, B.C. For
application form write: Director of Nursing, Fraser
Canyon Hospilel, R.R. I, Hope, B.C. 2.30-1
GENERAL DUTY NURSES (Two) for aclive 66-bed
hospilol, wilh new hospilal 10 open in 1968.
Active in-service programme. Salary range $372 to
$444 per month. Personnel pol ides according to
current RNABC contract. Hospital situated in beauti-
ful East Kootenays of British Columbia, with swim-
ming, golfing and skiing facilities readily available.
Apply 10: The Direclor of Nursing, SI. Eugene Hos-
pilal, Cronbrook, Brilish Columbia. 2-15-1
General Duly Nurses for aclive 30-bed hospilal.
RNABC policies and schedules in effect, also Norlh-
ern allowance. Accommodations available in res-
idence. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital,
ForI Nelson, Brili.h Columbia. 2-23-1
General Duly Nur.e. for new 3O-bed hospilal
located in excellent recreational area. Salary and
personnel policies in accordance with RNABC. Com-
forlable Nurses' home. Apply: Direclor of Nursing,
Boundary Hospilal, Grand Forks, Brilish Columbia.
2-27-2
GRADUATE NURSES for 24-bed hospital, 35-mi. from
Vancouver, on coast, salary and personnel prac-
t;ces in accord with RNABC. Accommodation availo-
ble. Apply: Direclor of Nursing, General Hospilal,
Squomlsl-, Brilish Columbia. 2-68-1
I I
General Duty Nurses (2 immediately) for active,
26-bed hospilol in Ihe hearl of Ihe Rocky Mounlains,
90 miles from Banff and Lake Louise. Accommoda-
tion available in attractive nurses' residence. Apply
giving full details of training, experience, etc. to:
Administrator, Windermere District Hospital, Inver-
mere, British Columbia. 2-31-1
GENERAL DUTY NURSES for well.equipped 48-bed
General Hospilal in Ihe Okanogan Valley. RNABC
policies in effecl. Apply 10: Director of Nursing, SI.
Marlin's Hospilal, Oliver, British Columbia. 2-50-1.
GENERAL DUTY NURSES - for 109-bed hospilal in
expanding Northwestern British Columbia City. Salary
$405 10 $481 for B.C. Regislered Nurses wilh recogni.
tion for experience. RNASC contract in effect. Gradu-
ale Nurses nol regislered in B.C. paid $390. Benefils
include comprehensive medical and pension plans.
Travel allowance up 10 $60 refunded afler one
year's service. Comfortable modern residence accom-
modolion 01 $15 per monlh, meals al cosl. Apply 10:
Director of Nursing, Prince Rupert General Hospital,
551-51h Avenue Easl, Prince Ruperl, B.C. 2-58-2A
GENERAL DUTY NURSES - Salary - non - B.C.
regislered $375 per monlh - B.C. regislered $390-
$466, depending on experience. RNABC policies in
effect. Nurses' residence available. Group Medical
Health Plan. All winler and summer sporls. Apply:
Director of Nursing, Cariboo Memorial Hospital, Wil-
liams Lake, Brilish Columbia. 2-80-1 A
General Duty O. R. and experienced Obstetrical
Nurses for modem, 150-bed hospilal localed in Ihe
beautiful Fraser Valley. Personnel policies in ac-
cordance with RNABC. APpl r. 10: Direclor of Nursing,
Chilliwack General Hospila, Chilliwack, Brilish Co-
lumbia. 2-13-1
General Duly and Operaling Room Nurses for 70-bed
Acule General Hospilal an Pacific Coasl. B.C. Regis-
lered $390 - $466 per monlh (Credil for experience).
Non B.C. Regislered $375 - Praclicol Nurses B.C. Li-
censed $273 - $311 per monlh. Non Regislered $253.
$286 per monlh. Board $20 per monlh, room $5.00 per
monlh. 20 paid holidays per year and 10 slolulory
holidays after 1 year. Fare paid from Vancouver.
Superannuation and medical plans. Apply: Director of
Nursing, St. George's Hospital, Alert Bay, British
Columbia. 2-2-1 A
Genera. Duty, Operating Room and Experienced
Obslelrieal Nurses for 434-bed hospilal wilh school
of nursing. Salary: $372-$444. Credil for pasl ex-
perienc9 and postgraduate training. 40-I1r. wk. Stat.
utory holidays. Annual increments; cumulative lick
leave; pension plan; 28-days annual vacation; B.C.
registration required. Apply: Director of Nursing,
Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, British
Columbia. 2-73-13
General Duly and Operaling Room Nurses for
modern 450-bed hospital wilh School of Nursing.
RNABC policies in effect. Credit for past experience
and postgraduate training. British Columbia registra-
tion required. For particulars write to: the Director of
Nursing Service, St. Joseph'. Hospital, Victoria, British
Columbia. 2.76-5
GRADUATE NURSES: Join us al Ihe booming cenler
of B.C.II Surrounded by 50 beauliful lakes wilh
excellent boating, swimming, fishing plus all winter
sports. On hour's drive from Prince George, the
fastest growing city in Canada. Active 44-bed hos-
pital and modern nurses' residence over looking the
picluresque Nechako River. Slarling salary $372 - $408,
recognition given for experience. Health and pension
plan, 40-hr. week and 4 weeks vacalion. Write 10:
Mrs. M. Grant, Director of Nursing, St. John Hospital,
Vanderhoof, Brilish Columbia. 2.74.1
STOPI Summer is iusl around Ihe corner and wilh
il Vacalions & Slaff Changes. Applicalions will be
received for positions on the staff of our modern
80-bed general hospilel siluated in Ihe Fraser Valley
convenient to Vancouver, Okanagan Valley, Van-
couver Islond and Seattle. Accommodation available
in Slaff Residence. RNABC. Personnel Policies in
effecl. Apply 10: Direclor of Nursing, Langley Me-
morial Hospilal, Murrayville, B.C. 2.44.1
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES: B.C. Civil Service. Salary:
$476-$580 per monlh, car provided. Inleresting and
challenging professionat service with opportunities for
Iransfer Ihroughoul beauliful B.C. Apply 10: B.C.
Civil Service Commission, 544 Michigan Street,
VICTORIA, B.C.
COMPETITION No. 67:57. 2-76-7
THE CANADIAN NURSE 53
MANITOBA
Director of Nurses for up-to-date 38-bed hospital.
New nurses. residence of 1964 has separate nurses
suite available. Sick leave, pension plan and other
fringe benefits available. Personnel policies will be
sent on request. Enquiries should include experience,
qualifications and salary expected, and should be
Hospitol District No. 24, Box 660, Allono, Manitoba.
addressed to: Mrs. O. Hamm, Administrator, AlIena
3-1-1
Registered Nurse: Required for 50-bed general hospital
in Forr Churchill, Monitoba. Starting salary $500 per
month. Return fore from Winnipeg refunded after one
year's service. For particulars write to: Director of
Nursing. General Hospital, Fori Churchill, Manitoba.
3-75.1
Regist.red Nurs.' for 18-bed hospital at Vita Manitoba,
70 miles from Winnipeg_ Daily bus service. Salary
range $390 - $475, with allowonce for experience.
40 hour wee
10 statutory holidays, 4 weeks po id
vocation oft.!r one year. Full maintenance avai1able
lor $50 per month. Apply: Matron, Vita District
Hospitol, Vito, Manitoba. 3-68-1
Registred Nurse: Position available, effective as soon
os possible, at GLENBORO HOSPITAL a 16-bed
hospitol, located 100 miles west of Winnipeg on
No. 2 Highway. Excellent residence accommodation
ovailable. Starting salary January I, 1967 - $395
per month. I ncrements allowed for experience. Per-
sonnel Policy Manual and application forms on
request with no obligation. Please forward all en-
quiries to: Mr. S. A. Oleson, Box 130, Glenboro,
Manitoba. Telephone No. 115 or No. 17. 3-28-1 A
Registered Nurse for 17-bed hospitol at Melita, Mon.
itoba. Solary ronge $395-$480. Generous personnel
policies. Full detoils avoilable on request. Apply:
Administrator, Wilson Memorial Hospital, Me1ita,
Manitoba. 3-37-1
Registered Hurses and Licensed Practical Nurses for
modern 48-bed acute care hospital in Mantoba's
only Paper Town, 80 miles from Winnipeg, excep-
tional recreational facilities - close to beach areas.
Solary range - Registered Nurses $395-$480, Licens-
ed Practical Nurses $270-$310, with consideration for
past experience. Modern residence, excellent person4
nel policies. Apply: Mrs. M. Gold, Director of Nurs-
ing, Pine Foils General Hospital, Pine Falls, Man-
itoba, or phone collect 367-8379. 3-44-1
Regilt.red Nurse or Licensed Practical Nurs. for
10-bed hospital. Starting salary -- R.N. $400; loP.N.
$276 or up according to experience. 40-hour week,
3 weeks vocation, 9 statutory holidays. For further
information apply: Miss D. Moore. Matron, Wawa.
nesa Hospital, Wawanesa, Manitoba. 3-69-1
Registered Nurses and Licensed Practical Nurses for
232-bed Children's Hospital, with school of nursing;
active teaching center. Positions available on all
services. Apply: Director of Nursing, Children's Hos-
pitol, Winnipeg 3, Monitoba. 3-72-1
REGISTERED NURSES for Generol Duty in 20.bed
Hospital. Salary range $405 to $490 per month. Liv.
ing accommodations available. Generous Personnel
Policies. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Reston Com-
munity Hospital, Reston, Manitobo. 3.46-2 A
NOVA SCOTIA
Director for School of Nursing: 50 students. Excellent
working conditions. Apply to: M. Jean Hemsworth,
Administrator, Glace Boy General Hospital, Glace
Bay, Nova Scotia. 6-15-1
Registered and Graduate Nurses for General Duty.
New hospital with all modern conveniences, also,
new nurses' residence available. South Shore Com-
munity. Apply to: Superintendant, Queens General
Hospital, Liverpoal, Novo Scotia. 6-20-1
Registered Nurses for 21-bed hospital in pleasant
community - Eastern Shore of Nova Scotia. Apply:
Superintendent. Eostern Shore Memoriol Hospitol,
Sheet Harbour, Novo Scotia. 6-32-]
GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Positions available for
Registered Quolified General Duty Nurses for 138-
bed active treatment hospital. Residence accom.
modation available. Applications and enquiries will
be received by:: Director of Nursing, Blanchard-Fraser
Memorial Hospital, Kentville, Nova Scotia. 6-19-1
54 THE CANADIAN NURSE
I I
ONTARIO
Director of Nursing: Applications are invited for
the position of Director of Nursing effective April 1,
1967, for 0 well-equipped 42-bed General Hospital
located mid-way between Winnipeg and the lake.
head in Northwestern Ontario. For full particulars
write to: Administrator, Sioux lookout General Hospi-
tal, P.O. Box 909, Sioux Lookout, Ontario. 7-119-1C
Assistant Director of Public Health Nursing for ex-
panding Health Unit, generalized program in Wel.
land County. Duties to commence at mutual conev-
nience, salary open, usual allowances and fringe
benefits. Apply to: Director, Weiland and District
Health Unit, King Street at Fourth, Weiland, Ontario.
7-141-2
Registered Nurses for 34-bed ,",ospiral, min. salarv
$387 with regular annual increments to maximum
of $462. 3-wk. vocation with pay; sick leave after
6-mo. service. All Stoff - 5 day 40-hr. wk., 9
statutory holidays, pension plan and other benefits.
Apply to: Superintendent, Englehart & District Hos-
pital, Englehart, Ontario. 7-40-1
REGISTERED NURSES required for 100.bed hospital in
the Model Town of the North. All usual fringe
benefits available and a limited amount of livig-in
accommodation. Salary range for general dUlY nurses
$4]5 - $485 depending on qualifications and ex-
perience. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Sensenbren.
ner Hospital, Kapuskasing, Ontario. 7-62-1
REGISTERED NURSES (IMMEDIATELY) for a new 40-
bed hospital. Nurses' residence private rooms with
both - $20 per month. Minimum salary $415 plus
experience allowance, 4 semi-annual increments.
Reply to: The Director of Nursing, Geraldton District
Hospitol, Geraldton. Ontorio. 7-50-1 A
Registered Nurses. Applications and enquIries are
invited for general duty positions on the staff of the
Manitouwadg8 General Hospital. Excellent salary
and ftlnge benefits. Liberal policies regarding ac-
commodation and vacation. Modern well-equipped
33-bed hospital in new mining town, about 250-mi.
eost of Port Arthur ond north-west of White River,
Ontario Pop. 3,500. Nurses' residence comprises indi-
vidual self-contained opts. Apply, stating qualifica.
tions. experience. age. marital status, phone number.
etc to the Administrator, General Hospital, Mani-
louwodge, Ontorio. Phone 826-3251 7-74-1 A
Registered Nurses: BasIc salary $400 per month, and
full maintenance $45/m. Supervisory advancement
opportu!\nities. Resident accommodations available;
Hospital situated in tourist town off Lake Huron.
For further information write: Superintendent, Sau-
geen Memorial Hospital, Southampton, Ontario.
7-122.1
REGISTERED NURSES required immediately for 53.
bed hospital. Minimum solary $415_ Three weeks
vacation, pension, I ife and medical insurance, 8
statutory holidays, 40 hour week. Air, rail and road
communicatian. Northern hospitality. Apply to: Direc-
tor of Nurses, Porcupine General Hospital, South
Porcupine, Onto 7-123.1
Registered Nurse. for 18-bed (expanding to 36 bed)
General Hospitol in Mining and Resort town of 5,000
people. Beoutifully locoted on Wowa Loke, 140 miles
north of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Wide variety of
summer and winter sports inch..ding swimming. boat-
ing, fishing, golfing. skating, curling and bowling.
Six churches of different faiths. Salaries comparable
with all northern hospitals. Limited bed and board
available at reasonable rate. Excellent personnel
policies, pleasant working conditions. Apply to:
Director of Nursing, The Lady Dunn General Hospital,
Box 179, Wowa, Ontario. 7-140-1 B
Registered Nurses and Registered Nurling Assistants
for ]OO-bed General Hospitol, situoted in Northern
Ontorio. Salary range $415 - $455 per month, RNA's
$273 - $317 per month, shift differential, annual
increments, 40 hour week, OHSC and P.S.I. plans in
effect. Accommolation available in residence if
desired. For full particulars apply to: The Director
of Nurses, Lady Minto Hospital, Cochrane, Ontario.
7.30.) B
Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing ASlistants
lor 160.bed accredited hospital. Storting salary $415
and $285 respectively with regular annual incre.
IT.ents for botr.. Excellent personnel pol icies. Resid-
ence accomm::>dation available. Apply to: Director of
NurSing, Kirkland & District Hospital, Kirkland Lake,
Ontario. 7-67-1
Regiltered Nurse, and Registered Nursing Assistants
for 123-bed accredited hospital. Starting salary $400
and $255 respectively with regular increments for
both. Usual fringe benefits. For full information,
apply to: Director of Nursing, Dufferin Area Hos-
pital, Orangeville, Ontario. Phone 941-2410. 7-90-1
I I
ONTARtO
Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants
are invited to make application to Our 75-bed,
modern General Hospital. You will be in the Vaca-
tionlond of the North, midway between the Lakeheod
and Winnipeg, Manitoba. 8asic woge for Registered
Nurses is $408 and for Registered Nursing Assistants
is $285 with yearly increments and considerotion for
experience. Write or phone: The Director of Nursing,
Dryden District Generol Hospitol, DRYDEN, Ontario.
7-26-1 A
Registered Nurses and Registered Nurling Assistants
for 83-bed Generol Hospital in French speaking com-
munity of Northern Ontorio. R.N.'s salary: $420 to
$465/m., .4 weeks vacation, 18 sick leave days and
R.N.A.'s salary: $300 to $340/m., 2 weeks vacotion
and 12 sick leave days. Unused sick leave are paid
at 1000/0. Rooming accommodations available in
Town and meals served at the Hospital. Excellent
personnel pol icies. Apply to: Director of Nursing,
Notre-Dome Hospital, Hearst, Ontario. 7-58-1
REGISTERED NURSES and REGISTERED NURSING
ASSISTANTS for Generol Duty in a new 35-bed
General Hospital in Western Ontario. Excellent per-
sonnel policies, modern nurses' residence. Salary
commensurate with experience end qualifications.
Apply to: Administrator, Louise Marshall Hospital,
Mount Forest, Ontario. 7-82.)
Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants.
5torting 50lary for R.N. is $415 ond for R.N.A. is $300.
Allowance for experience. Excellent fringe benefits.
Write: Mrs G. Gordon, Superintendent, Nipigon Dis-
trict Memorial Hospital, Box 37, Nipigon, Ontario.
7-87-1
Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants
required for 215-bed accredited hospital. For salary
rates and personnel policies apply to: Director of
Nursing, Norfolk General Hospital, Simcoe, Onto
7-118-1
Registered Nurse and Registered Nursing Assistants
in modern IOO-bed hospital, situated 40 miles from
Ottawa. Excellent personnel policies. Residence
accommodation avoilable. Apply to: Director of
Nursing, Smiths Falls Public Hospital, Smiths Falls,
Ontorio. 7.120-2A
General Staff Nurses and Registered Nursing AlSis
tants are required for a modern, well-equipped Generol
Hospitol currently expanding 10 167 beds. Situated in
a progressive community in South Western Ontario, 30
miles from Windsor-Detroit Border. Salary scaled 10
experience and qualifications. Excellent employee
benefits and working conditions plus an opportunity
to work in a Patient Centered Nursing Service. Write
for further information to: Miss Patricia McGee, B.
Sc.N., Reg.N. Director of Nursing, leamington District
Memoriol Hospital, Leamington, Ontario. 7-69-1 A
Registered or Graduate Nurses, required for modern
92-bed hospitol. Residence accommodation $20 month-
ly. Overseas nurses welcome. lovely old Scottish
Town neor Ottawa. Apply: Director of Nursing, The
Great Wor Memorial Hospital, Perth, Ontario. 7-100-2
Registered Nurses for General Duty in well-equipped
28-bed hospital, located in growing gold mining
and tourist area, north of Kenora, Ontario. Modern
residence with individual rooms; room, board and
uniform laundry only $50/m, 40-hr. wk., no split shift,
cl..mu(ative sick time, 8 statutory holidays and 28
day paid vocation offer one year. Starting salary
$430. Apply to: Motron, Margaret Cochenour Memo-
riol Hospitol, Cochenour, Ontorio. 7.29-1
REGISTERED NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active
occredited well equipped 28-bed hospital. 30 miles
from Ottawa. Residence accommodation. Good per-
sonnel policies. Apply to: Administratrix, Kemptville
District Hospital, Kemptville, Ontario. 7-63-1
REGISTERED NURSES required FOR GENERAL DUTY in
a modern fully accredited 300-bed hospitol. Excellent
working conditions, good personnel policies, 40 hour
week, 9 statutory holidays, 3 weeks annual vaca-
tion. Apply giving full particulars to: Personnel
Director, General Hospital, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario.
7.115-1
Registered Nurses for Generol Duty in 100.bed hos-
pitol, located 3D-mi. from Ottowa, are urgently re-
quired. Good personnel policies, accommodation
avoiloble in new staff residence. Apply: Director of
Nursing, District Memorial Hospitol, Winchester, On-
torio. 7-144.1
OPERATING ROOM NURSES (2) lor a fully oc-
credited 70-bed General Hospitol. For Operating
Room Duty. Salary according to experience. Apply to:
O.R. Supervisor, Penetanguishene General Hospital,
Penetanguishene, Ontario. 7-99.2
MAY 1967
DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY
offers
NEW DIPLOMA PROGRAM
in
OUTPOST NURSING
A program extending over two calendor
yeors hos been developed to prepore
graduote nurses for service in remote
oreas of Norfhern Conado. Mojor areos
within fhe course of sfudy will include:
Public heolth nursing
Complete midwifery
Bosic clinicol medicine
Insfruction will be highly individuolized.
1 st yeor - To be spent ot the University.
2nd yeor - To consist of on infernship
direcfed by fhe University in
selected northern ogencies.
Condidofes should hove completed of
leost one yeor of professionol nursing.
Upon completion of the progrom students
will receive a Diplomo in Public Heolth
Nursing ond 0 Diplomo in OutpoSf
Nursing.
For further information write to:
Director,
SCHOOL OF NURSING
DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY
Halifax, Nova Scotia
REGISTERED NURSES
FOR
GENERAL DUTY
In modern, 220-bed, fully accre.
dited General Hospital located
in a thriving farming and in-
dustrial community 135 miles
from Metropolitan Winnipeg on
the Trans Canada Highway and
60 miles from beautiful Clear
lake resort. Almost new, well-
equipped hospital providing
quality patient care and friendly
working environment. Salary
$375-$460, five increments. Ex-
cellent personnel policies.
Apply in confidence to:
Director of Nursing,
BRANDON GENERAL HOSPITAL
Brandon, Manitoba.
MAY 1967
UNITED STATES
I 1
UNITED Sf A TES
Register.d Nurses, Career satisfaction, interest and
professional growth unlimited in modern, JCAH ac-
credited 243-bed hospital. Located in One of Califor-
nia's finest areas, recreational, educational and cul-
tural advantages are yours as well as wonderful
year-round climate. If this combination is what
you're looking for, contact us now!Staff nurse en-
trance salary above $500 per month; increases to
$663 per month; supervisory positions at highest
rates. Special area and shift differentials to $50 per
month paid. Excellent benefits include free health
and life insurance retirement. credit union and liberal
personnel policies. Professional stoff appointments
available in all clinical areas to those eligible for
California licensure. Write today: Director of Nursing,
Eden Hospital, 20103 Lake Chabot Rood, Castro Vol-
ley, California. 15-5-12
REGISTERED NURSES - for sunny California. Excit-
ing expansion program requires nurses for all serv-
ices-Maternity. I.C.U., Specialized Surgery, etc. Excel-
lent orientation and in-service programs. Promotional
opportunities for Head Nurses and Supervisors. Con-
genial atmosphere where progress begins with pa-
tient core. Solary $550 to $650 for Stoff Nurses.
Good shift differential and fringe benefits. "Come
grow with us". Mr. Ken Clarke, R.N_ - Director of
Nursing Services. Greater Bakersfield Memorial Hos-
pital, P.O_ Box 1888, Bakersfield, California 93303.
Write or call collect 805 - 327-1792. 15-5-5A
Nur.e. for new 75-bed General Hospital. Resort
area. Ideal climate. On beautiful Pacific ocean.
Apply to: Director of Nurses, South Coast Com-
munity Hospital, South Laguna, California. 15-5-50
CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS
REQUIRED FOR
SCHOOL
NURSING
OF
SARNIA
H 0 S P
G ENE R A L
I TAL
. Excellent working conditions with opportunity for creative thinking In
nursing education and freedom to use new ideas
. Modern classrooms and facilities. Present student enrollment - 95.
. Plans are in progress for a Regional School.
. Good starting salary with special consideration for experience or
degree.
. Minimum qualifications - Diploma in nursing education.
Apply: Personnel Director, Sarnia General Hospital, Sarnia, Ontario, Can.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 55
ONTARIO
G.n.ral Duty Nurs.s for 66.bed Generol Hospital.
Starting salary: $405/m. Excellent personnel policies.
Pension plan, life insurance, etc., residence accom-
modation. Only 10 min. from downtown Buffalo.
Apply: Director of Nursing, Douglos Memorial Hos-
pitol, Fort Erie, Ontario. 7-45-1
Gen.ral Duty Nurs.. for active General 77-bed Hos-
pital in heart of M..Jskoka Lakes area: salary range
$400 - $460 with consideration for previous experience;
excellent personnel policies and fringe benefits:nurses'
residence available. Apply to: Director of Nursing.
Huntsville District Memorial Hospital, Huntsville, On
torio. 7-59-]
G.n.ral Duty Nur.e. for IOO.bed modern hospital.
Southwestern Ontario, 32 mi from London. Salary
COmmensurate with experience and ability; $398/m
basic salcfY_ Pension plan. Apply giving full par-
ticulars to: The Director of Nurses, District Memorial
Hospital, Tillsonburg, Ontario. 7-13]-1
General Duty Nurse., C.rtified NUlsing Assistant. &
Op.rating Room Technician (I) for new 50-bed hos.
pital with modern equipment, 40-hr. wk., 8 statutory
hol idays, excellent personnel policies & opportunity
for advancement. Tourist town on Georgian Bay.
Good bus connections to Toronto. Apply to: Director
of Nurses, General Hospital, Meafor d , Ontario. 7-79- 1
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES for generalized program.
Minimum salary $5,150 with allowance for previous
experience and annual increments. Cumulative sick
leave plan. Hospitalization, P.S.I. and Pension Plan
available. Liberal tronsportotion allowance and holi-
days. Apply to: A.E. Thoms, M.D., Director, Leeds
and Grenville Health Unit, 70 Charles Street, Brock.
ville, Ontario. 7-18-4
Public H.alth Nur.e. - General program, salary
range $5,030 to $6,148 plus cost of living bonus,
presently 3%. Starting salary related to experience.
Generous car allowance, cumulative sick leave
month vacation. Employer shared O.M.E.R.S. and
Canada Pension Plan, medical and hospital insurance.
Apply to: Dr. E.G. Brown, M.O.H., Kent County
Health Unit, Chatham, Ontario. 7.24-4
Public Health Nur.. - qualified. Solary schedule
$5,280 ta $6,780. Shared pension plan, hospitaliza-
tion and P.S.I. Car provided or car allowance.
Apply to:: Dr. Charlolle M. Horner, Director, North-
umberland-Durham Health Unit, Box 337, Cobourg,
Ontario. 7-28-4
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES (qualified) requirel for
Health Unit situated on Lake Huron. Present .taff
to be increased in order to provide an increased
geriatric service to the community. Salary $5,100-
$6,300, with allowance for experience. One month
vacation after One year; car allowance; cost of
medical and hospitalization insurance shared by
employer. Apply to: Director and Medical Officer
of Health, Huron County Health Unit, Goderich,
Ontario. 7-51-2
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES (QUALIFIED) Staff
positions available in the City of Oshawa. Duties to
commence as soon as possible. Generalized program
in an offIcial agency. Salary $5,658 to $6,507.
Beginning salary according to experience. Liberal
personnel policies and fringe benefi.s. Apply '0: Mr.
D. Murray, Personnel Officer, City Hall, 50 Centre
Street, O.hawa, Ontario. 7.92.2 A
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES for scenic urban and rurol
Ottawa Valley Tourrist Area. Good summer and
health unit, close ta the Capital City in the Upper
winter recreational facilities. Personnel policies pre-
sently under review. Direct enquiries to: Dr. R.V.
Peters, Director, Renfrew County Health Unit, 169
Will iam Street, Pembroke, Ontario. 7-98.2 A
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING SUPERVISOR - Applica-
tions sought for supervisory positions Sudbury and
District Health Unit. Requires Diploma in advanced
Public Heolth Nursing and Supervision or Baccalou-
reate degree with administration. For details apply:
The Directar, Sudbury and District Health Unit, 50
Cedar Street, Sudbury, Ontorio. 7-127-5 B
Public H.alth Nur... (qualifi.d) for generalized pro-
gram. Starting salary $5,350 per annum, allowance
for experience, car mileage paid. Three weeks vac-
alion after one year of work. Other fringe benefits.
Apply to: Miss M. Dickie, Supervisor of Nursing,
Peel County Health Unit, 16 Lynch Street, Brampton,
Ontario. 7.16-3
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES for general program. begin-
ing July, 1967. Salary range $5,000 to $6,000. Per-
sonnel pol icies include car expense, Omers and Can-
ada pension plans, group life insurance, 50% of
P.S.I. and hospital insurance, cumulative sick leave
plan and liberal vacation. Apply to: Dr. C.R. Lenk,
Director, Medical Officer of Health, Hastings and
Prince Edword Counties Health Unit, 266 Pinnacle
Street, Belleville, Ontario. 7-11.3
Public H.alth Nur... for expanding Health Unit,
generalized program, in Weiland County, duties to,
commence at mutual convenience. For personnel
policcies, salaries and other information. Apply to:
Director, Weiland and District Health Unit, King
Street at Fourth, Weiland, Ontario. 7-141-2 A
56 THE CANADIAN NURSE
I I
ONTARIO
Director of Nursing Services, Simcoe County Health
Unif. Appliconts for this position will hold a degree
in nursing and will have at least five years' expe-
rience in administration. For further information apply
in writing to: Dr. P.A. Scott, Director, Simcoe County
Health Unit, Caurt House, Barrie, Ontario. 7-8-3
R.gi.t.r.d Nurse. for Gen.rat Staff and Operating
Room. Accredited 235-bed, modern, General Hospital.
Good personnel policies. Beginning salary $400 per
month, recognition for experience, annual bonus plan.
Planned in-service programs. Assistance with trans-
portation. Apply: Director of Nursing, Sudbury Me-
morial Hospital, Regent Street, S., Sudbury, Ontario.
7-127-4 A
Public Health Nurses for generalized programme in
a County-City Health Unit. Solary schedule $5,400
to $6,600 per annum. 20 days vacation. Employer
shared pension plan, P.S.I. and hospitalization
Mileage allowance or unit cars. Apply to: Miss
Veronica O'Leary, Supervisor of Public Health Nurs.
ing, Peterborough County-City Health Unit, P.O.
Box 246, Peterborough, Ontario. 7.JO]-4A
Vacancies for Staff Public Health Nur.... Salary
range $5,207 to $6,598. Usual benefits, for details
apply: The Director, Sudbury and District Health
Unit, 50 Cedar Street, Sudbury, Ontario. 7.127.5A
QUEBEC
Regi.ter.d Nur..s for 56-bed accredited General
Hospital. Accommodation available in motel type
residence complete with outdoor swimming pool.
Salaries as approved by Q.H.I.S. Apply: Director of
Nursing. The Barrie Memorial Hospital, Ormstown,
Quebec. 9-52-]
Registered Nurse: Mount Sinai Hospital has an op-
ening for a Registered Nurse to work in their pu
blic health office in Montreal. Experience in Public
Health is not an absolute necessity. Apply to the:
Medical Director, Mount Sinoi Hospitol, P.O. Box
1000, Ste. Agathe des Monts, Quebec. 9-57-1
SASKATCHEWAN
DIRECTOR OF NURSING for 48-bed hospital com-
pleted in 1963. Will be responsible for the admin-
istration of all nursing activities as well as pharmacy
and central suppl ies control. District located near a
noted summer resort. Excellent salary and fringe
benefits depending on qualifications and experience.
Duties to commence on or before July 31, 1967.
Apply in writing or phone 667.2611 to: N.R. Wer-
szak, Administrator, Maple Creek Union Hospital, Box
] 330, Maple Creek, Soskatchewan. 10.78-1
Clinical Instructors needed. Excellent personnel po.
licies, active clinical facilities. 275 students. Two
year educational program. For further information
write to: Associate Director of Nursing Education,
School of Nursing, Regina General Hospital, Regina,
Saskatchewan. 10-109-6
Regist.red Nurses and Certified Nursing Assistants
for 750.bed hospital, close to downtown. Building
and expansion program in progress. SRNA recom-
mended !.alaries in effect. Experience recognized.
Progressive personnel policies. Apply: Nursing Re-
cruitement Officer, Regina General Hospital, Regina,
Saskatchewan.
REGtSTERED GENERAL DUTY NURSES required for
92-bed active treatment hospital. SRNA policies in
effect, modern residence accommodation available.
Apply to, The Director of Nursing, lIoydminster
Hospital, 46] I 48 Avenue, lIoydminster, Saskat.
chewan. 10-72-]
General Duty and Operating Room Nurses, also
Certified Nursing Assistants for 560-bed University
Hospital. Salary commensurate with experience and
preparations. Excellent opportunities to engage in
progressive nursing. Apply: Director of Personnel,
University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
10- 116-4A
UNITED STATES
REGISTERED NURSES: 350-bed hospital, known
throughout Sauthern California area for highest
quality nursing care, is seeking PROFESSIONAL
NURSES. Positions open on all shifts and in many
clinical specialties - I.C.U., open heart, etc. We
offer top wages and fringe benefits, an exceptional
in-service program, and are in the best possible
Southern California location. If you desire the
opportunity to fulfill your professional nursing career
under ideal conditions, both on ond off the job,
contact the Director of Nursing Service, St. Mary's
Long Beoch Hospital, 509 Eost 10th Street, Long
Beach, California, 90813. 15-5-32
I I
UNITED STATES
REGISTERED NURSES - Southern California Op-
portunities available - 368-bed modern hospital in
M
dical-Surgical, Labor.ond Delivery, Nursey, Oper-
ating Room and Intensive and Coronary Care Units.
Good salary and liberal fringe benefits. Continuing
inservice education program. Located 10 miles from
Los Angeles near skiing, swimming, cultural and edu-
cational facilities. Temporary living accommodations.
Apply: Director of Nursing Service, Saint Joseph
Hospital, Burbonk, California 91503. 15-5-63
REGISTERED NURSES Opportunities available at
415-bed hospital in Medical-Surgical, Labor and
Delivery, Intensive Care, Operating )(oom and Psy-
chiatry. No rotation of shift, good salary, evening
and night differentials, liberal fringe benefits.
Temporary living accommodations available. Apply:
Miss Dolores Merrell, R.N., Personnel Director, Queen
of Angels Hospitol, 2301 Bellevue Avenue, Los
Angeles 26, California. 15-5-3G
REGISTERED NURSES - SAN FRANCISCO Children's
Hospital and Adult Medical Center hospitol for men.
women and children. California registration required.
Opportunities in all clinical areas. Excellent salaries,
differentials for evenings and nights. Holidays, vaca-
tions, sick leave, life insurance, heolth insurance and
employer-paid pension-plan. Applications and details
furnished on request. Contact Personnel Director, Chil-
dren's Hospital, 3700 California Street. San Francisco
18, California. 15.5.4
REGISTERED NURSES: Mounr Zion Hospital and Me-
dical Center's increased salary scales now double our
attraction for nurses who find they can afford to live
by the Golden Gate. Expansion has crected vacancies
for staff and specialty assignments. Address enquiry
to: Personnel Department, 1600 Divisadero Street, San
Francisco, California 94115, An equal opportunity em.
ployer. ] 5-5-4 C
Registered Nurses - California. Expanding, accredit-
ed 303-bed hospitol in medical center of Southern
California. University city. Mountain - ocecn resort
area. Ideal year-round climate, smog free. Starting
solary $6,300. With experience, $6,600. Fringe bene-
fits, shift differential, initial housing allowance.
Wide variety rentals avoilable. For details on Cali-
fornia License and Visa, write: Director of Nursing.
Collage Hospitol, 320 W. Pueblo Street, Sonta Bar-
bora, Colifornia 93105. 15-5-39 A
Professionnal Nurses - for immediate openings in
274-bed general hospital. Liberal fringe benefits.
Enjoy interesting, challenging position in the ideal
climate of Sonta Monica Bay. Apply: Director of
Nursing, Santa Monica Hospital, 1250, Sixteenth
Street, Sonta Monica, California. ]5-5-40
REGISTERED NURSES General Duty for 84-bed
JCAH hospital )I:i! hours from San Francisco, 2
hours from Loke Tohoe. Starting solory $510/m.
with differentials. Apply: Director of Nurses, Mem-
orial Hospitol, Woodlond, California. 15-5-49B
Staff Duty po.ition. (Nur..s) in private 403.bed
hospital. Liberal personnel policies and salary. Sub-
stantial differential for evening and nigh. duty.
Write: Personnel Director, Hospital of The Good
Somaritan, 1212 Shotto Slreet, Los Angeles 17,
Colifornia. 15-5.311
PROFESSIONAL NURSES. No fancy claims or promises.
We do offer top starting salaries and very attrac-
tive benefits to staff nurses desiring unlimited poten
tial and professional growth. Untra-modern equip-
ment and facilities in a new, progressive 150-bed,
air conditioned hospital. Degree recognition. No
shift rotation. Inquire and compare. Write, Personnel
Director, JOHN MUIR MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, 1601
Ygnacio Volley Road, Walnut Creek, California.
15-5-67B
Wanted - General Duty Nurset. Applications now
being taken for nursing positions in a new addi-
tion to the existing hospital including surgery, cen-
tral sterile and supply, general duty. Solary $475
per month plus fringe benefits. Contact: Director of
Nurses, Alamosa Community Hospital Alamosa.
Colorado. 15-6.1
GENERAL DUTY NURSES. Solary, days $500-$550;
p.m. $525-$575; nights $520-$570 per month. In-
creases January 1, 1967. Excellent benefits. 230-bed
regional referral General Hospital with intensive
care and coronary units. Postgraduate classes avail-
able at two universities. Extensive intern and resi
dent teaching program. Hospital located adjacent to
Northwest's largest private clinic. Free housing first
month. Canadian trained nurses with psychiatric
affiliation please write: Personnel Director, Virginia
Moson Hospital, 1111 Terry Avenue, Seattle, Wosh.
ington 98101. 15.48-2B
MAY 1967
UNITED STATES
REGISTERED NURSES: Excellent opportunity for advan.
cement in atmosphere of medical excellence. Pro-
gressive patient care including Intensive Care and
Cardiac Care Units. Finely equipped growing 200-bed
suburban community hospital on Chicaga's beautiful
North Shore. Modern, furnished apartments are
available for single professional women. Other
fringe benefits include paid vocation after six
months, paid I ife insurance, 50% tuition refund and
staff development program. Salary range from $500.
$610. Contact: Donald L. Thompson, R.N., Director
of Nursing, Highland Pork Hospital, Highland Park,
Illinois 60035. 15.14.3B
Regist.red Nurse. and C.rtified Nursing ASlistants.
Oper:.ing in several areas, all shifts. Every other week-
end off, in small community hospital 2 miles from
Boston. Rooms available. Hospital paid life insurance
and other liberal fringe benefits. RN salary $100 per
week, plus differential of $20 for 3-11 p.m. and
11.7 a.m. shifts. C.N. Ass'ts. $80 weekly plus $10 far
3-11 p.m. and 11-7 a.m. shifts. Write: Miss Byrne,
Director of Nurses, Chelsea Memmorial Hospital,
Chelsea, Massachusetts 02150. 15-22-1 C
I I
UNITED STATES
NURSES, Registe,ed, for modern 360-bed hospital.
Openings available in all areas, medicine-surgery,
delivery room, nursery, and postpartum. Near Wayne
State University, and an integral part of the new
Medical Center. Salary $550 to $635 per month
plus differential for afternoon and night. Premium
pay for weekends. Good fringe benefits including
Blue Cross and Life Insurance. Apply: Personnel
Director, Hutzel Hospital formerly Woman's Hospital),
432 East Hancock, Detroit, Michigan 48201. 15-23.1 F
REGISTERED NURSES: Come to Lubbock, Texas,
U.S.A. A city of over 60,000 population with an
excellent University of 20,000 students and a large
Air Force Base. Positions open in a progressive
general hospital of 400 beds, J.C.A.H. accredited.
Positions open in intensive care unit, cardiac care
unit, operating room, psychiatric and general medical
and surgical for 3-11 and II -7 shifts. Starting salary
of $550.00 per month for rotating shifts of 3-11 and
11.7 with a $15.00 raise in three months and an
annual increase of $20.00 per month. Contact Per.
sonnel Department, Methodist Hospital, 36t5 19th
Street, Lubbock, Texas 79410. 15-44.8
l'
NIGHT NURSE?
University Hospital is pleased to announce that starting pay for night
nurses now ranges from $30.00 to $33.00 per shift ($7,830 to $8,613
for an annual starting salary)-depending on education and experience.
After 4 years service, night nurse salaries range up to $9,396.00
per year. The base pay for permanent evening and rotating tours
has also been increased plus excellent University Staff benefits are
offered to all nurses.
University Hospital has a Service Department which assigns trained
personnel to handle paperwork and other non.nursing chores,
relieving our nurses for patient care exclusively.
Ann Arbor is nationally known as a Center of Culture with emphasis on
art, music and drama-and recognized as an exciting and desirable
community in which to live.
Write to Mr. George A. Higgins, A6001, University Hospital.
University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan for
more information, or phone collect (313) 764-2172.
We are an Equal Opportunity Employer
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
MEDICAL CENTER. ANN ARBOR
MAY 1967
ONTARIO SOCIID
FOR
CRIPPLED CHILDREN
l \
""-
...:
........ i
Invites applications from Public
Health Nurses who have at least
2 years experience in general-
ized public health nursing, pre-
ferably in Ontario.
INTERESTING AND VARIED
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES
IN AN EXPANDING PROGRAM
INCLUDE:
. an opportunity to work direct-
ly with children, their parents,
health and welfare agencies,
and professional groups
. porticipotion in arranging
diagnostic and consultant cli-
nics
. assessing the needs of the
individually handicapped child
in relation to services provided
by Easter Seal Clubs and the
Society.
Attractive salary schedule with
excellent benefits. Car provided.
Pre-service preparation with sa-
lary.
Apply in writing to:
Director, Nursing Service,
350 Rumsey Road,
Toronto 17, Ontario
THE CANADIAN NURSE 57
THE HOSPITAL
FOR
SICK CHILDREN
,.
..
r
"
'-..
-
OFFERS:
1. Satisfying experience
2. Stimulating and friendly en-
vironment.
3. Orientation and In-Service
Education Program.
4. Sound Personnel Policies.
5. liberal vacation.
APPLICATIONS FOR REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS INVITED.
For detailed information
please write to:
The Assistant Director
of Nursing
AUXILIARY STAFF
555 University Avenue
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
58 THE CANADIAN NURSE
HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
HOSPITAL -
Newly expanded 350-bed hospital. Progressive patient care con-
cept.
SALARY -
General Staff Nurses (Currently Registered in Ontario) $400.00 -
$480. - 5-increments.
Registered Nursing Assistants (Currently Registered in Ontario)
$295.00 - $331.00, - 3 increments.
HOUSING -
Furnished apartments available at subsidized rates.
JOB SATISFACTION -
High quality patient care and friendly working environment. We
appreciate our personnel and encourage their professional develop-
ment.
You are invited to enquire concerning employment opportunities to:
Director of Nursing
HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
200 Church Street, Weston, Ontario
Telephone 249-8111 (Toronto)
CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL
requires immediately
REGISTERED GENERAL DUTY NURSES
This is a modern 1,000-bed hospital including a new
200-bed convalescent-rehabilitation section. Benefits
include Pension Plan, sick leave, and shift differen-
tial plus a liberal vacation policy and salary range
$380 - $450 per month commenSurate with training
and experience.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing Service
CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL
Calgary, Alberta
MAY 1967
diploma or degree nurse
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Go South to Syracuse and See!
You II find friends at State University
Hospital of the Upstate Medical Center
at Syracuse. a modern 350-bed teaching
hospital in the Canadians favorite U.S.
city
You II also find a helpful administration.
professional level salaries (up to $6.476
to start. depending on your Qualifying
education and experience).
Fine benefits. too. Eleven paid holidays.
13to 20 paid vacation days. sound three-
way health insurance plan and special
collegiate education programs
Above all. you'li find patient-cenfered
educational atmosphere In which you'li
best have the opportunity to be the kind
of nurse you want to be. and receive the
rewards you deserve
STATE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF THE UPSTATE MEDICAL CENTER AT SYRACUSE, N. Y.
. .
.
.
.
..þ. .
0 I'd like to talk with you when I'm in Syracuse
CN-567 (date) (time) .
. 0 Please send me application forms
MISS Adele Wright. R.N.
. Director of Nurslna Senice, Name .
t:::a
n;;:
1
:
a
:f the Address
.
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MAY 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE S9
CORNWALL REGIONAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
invites applications from
TEACHERS OF NURSING
Here is an opportunity to participate in the develop-
ment of a progressive program which emphasizes
educational experience for Students. The program will
consist of a two year course, followed by one year
of nursing internship.
The new School is independently incorporated and
will be located in its own new educational and res-
idential building. The first class of Students will be
admitted in September, 1967.
You would enjoy living in the friendly, thriving Sea-
way City that has excellent holiday swimming and
camping facilities and which is within one hour's
distance of Ottawa and Montreal.
Applicants should be registered, or eligible for regis-
tration in Ontario and have advanced preparation in
teaching and/or nursing. Copies of Personnel Poli-
cies will be forwarded on request.
For further information, write to:
THE DIRECTOR
Cornwall Regional School of Nursing
Box No, 939, Cornwall, Ontario
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPIT At
TORONTO, ONTARIO
REGISTERED NURSES
and
REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS
700-bed fully occredited hospitol provides
experience in Operofing Room, Recovery
Room, Infensive Core Unit, Pediotrics
Orthopedics, Psychiofry, Generol Surgery
and Medicine.
Orienfotion ond Acfive Inservice progrom
for 011 stoff.
Solary is commensurofe with preporation
ond experience.
Benefifs include Conodo Pension Pion,
Hospital Pension Plan, Group Life Insu-
ronce. After 3 months, cumulative sick
leove - Ontoria Haspitol Insuronce -
50% payment by hospitol.
Rofoting Periods of duty - 40 hour week,
S sfotutory holidays - onnual vacofion
3 weeks ofter one yeor.
Apply:
Assistant Director of
Nursing Service
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
30 The Queensway
Toronto 3, Ontario
60 THE CANADIAN NURSE
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Applications are invited from
REGISTERED NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS
For full time, 40 hour week, Rotation Duty.
One Weekend off Duty every three weeks.
Vacancies in Medical, Surgical, Obstetric,
Paediatric, Operating Room, Intensive Care
and Emergency Unit. Active Inservice and
Orientation programs as well as excellent
personnel policies and fringe benefits.
Director of Nursing
TORONTO EAST GENERAL
AND ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL
Toronto 6, Ontario
INSTRUCTORS
IN
OBSTETRICAL NURSING
MEDICAL-SURGICAL
NURSING
Dufies fa include clossroom teaching ond
clinicol insfrucfian. Assisfing in the deve.
lopmenf of a new curriculum ond Re-
gionol School.
B.Se.N. or diplomo in Nursing. Educotion
required. ExceUenf salory ronge and
fringe benefifs.
Personnel Director
Apply:
BELLEVILLE GENERAL
HOSPITAL
Belleville, Ontario
REGISTERED
GENERAL DUTY
NURSES
required
For 35-bed modern hospital in
northern Quebec. Residence ac-
commodation available. Bilin-
gual with few years' experience
preferred. Nurses on staff must
be willing to take responsibility
in all departments of nursing.
Excellent salary and fringe bene-
fits. Outstanding recreational
facilities.
For further information,
apply to:
Medicol Director
SCHEFFERVILLE HOSPITAL
Schefferville, Quebec
MAY 1967
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ROYAL ALEXANDRA HOSPITAL
EDMONTON, ALBERTA
Acfive treatmenf hospifal complex of 800 beds, wifh an additional
213 bed Children's Pavilion, opening in June, 1967. Services include
o Women's Povilion, Emergency ond Out Pafient Services, ond 29
bed Intensive Care Unit. Infensive Core Employees are given 0 20-
hour inservice program. Professional stoff 000 certified nursing oides
ore paid a solary commensurote wifh previous experience and ad-
ditionol responsibilifies imposed in the deportment.
POSITIONS AVAILABLE:
Evening Supervisor Children's Pavilion
Head Nurses - Surgery
General Staff Nurses for 011 services.
This modern Hospital provides excellent working condifions with
current personnel policies. General stoff nurse Salory $380-$450
wifh recognition for experience 000 post bosic educofion.
NURSES! An opportunity to
GIVE and to RECEIVE
SOMETHING OF VALUE
You may have the satisfaction of contributing a
valuable service with scope for promotion, and op-
portunity for sponsorship of further education in the
following positions:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING EDUCATION
CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR
GENERAL DUTY NURSE IN OPERATING
ROOM OR INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
Planned orientation and an active Staff Development
Programme for all nursing staff.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing,
STRATFORD GENERAL HOSPITAL
The Festival City
of
Stratford, Ontario.
MAY 1967
...
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TORONTO GENERAL
HOSPITAL
1820-1967
UNIVERSITY TEACHING
AND RESEARCH CENTRE
(1.300 Beds)
PROFESSIONAL GROWTH
Planned Programmes in
Orientation
Staff Education
Staff Development
PERSONNEL POLICIES
Salaries:
- Commensurate with Qualifications, Experience
3 weeks vacation
8 statutory holidays
Cumulative Sick leave
Pension plan
Hospitalization and medical insurance plan.
Uniforms laundered Free
OPPORTUNITIES FOR
General Staff Nurses
Registered Nursing Assistants
in
Clinical Services:
- Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics, Gynaecology
Specialty Units:
Cardiovascular, Clinical Investigation, Coro-
nary, Neurosurgery, Psychiatry, Operating
Room, Recovery Room, Renal dialysis, Res-
piratory .
Administrative and Teaching Positions:
- Consideration given to applicants with Uni-
versity preparation and! or experience.
Applicants' requests for any of the above positions
will be given careful consideration.
For additional information write:
Miss M. Jean Dodds,
Director of Nursing,
TORONTO GENERAL HOSPITAL
101 College Street
Toronto 2, Ontario.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 61
nurses
who want to
nurse
At York Central you can join
.In active. interested group of
nur
es who want the chance to
nur
e in its broadest sense. Our
I 26-bed. fully accredited hospi-
tal is young. and already talking
expansion. Nursing is a profes-
o;ion we respect and we were the
first to plan and develop a unique
nursing audit system; new mem-
bers of our nursing staff do not
necessarily start at the base salary
of $372 per month but get added
pay for previous years of work.
There are opportunities for gain-
ing wide experience. for getting
to know patients as well as staff.
Situated in Richmond Hill. all
the cultural and entertainment fa-
cilities of Metropolitan Toronto
are available a few miles to the
South. .. and the winter and
summer holiday and week-end
pleasures of Ontario are easily
accessible to the North. If you
are really interested in nursing.
vou are needed and will be made
"elcome.
Appl) in person or b
mail to the
Director llf l\Jursing.
YORK
CENTRAL
HOSPITAJ
RICHMOND HILL.
O
TARIO
NEW STAFF RESIDENCE
62 THE CANADIAN NURSE
WILSON MEMORIAL
GENERAL HOSPITAL
requires
REGISTERED NURSES FOR
GENERAL DUTY
REGISTERED NURSING
ASSISTANTS
20-bed hospifol. Situated in 0 thriving
Northwestern Ontorio community.
Room ond boord provided.
For full particulars,
Write to:
Director of Nursing
Marathon, Ontario
GENERAL HOSPITAL
ST. JOHN'S, NEWFOUNDLAND
Opportunity for Instructors in 011 oreos of
nursing, in progressive School of Nursing,
where new ideos ore welcomed.
PrOQrom consisfs of fwo yeors of plonned
study ond proctice. completely controlled
by School. plus one yeor of internship.
New School ond residence with swimming
pool in ropidly growing city of 100,000
people. Good personnel policies. Solory
under review.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
GENERAL HOSPITAL
St. John's, Newfoundland
HAMILTON CIVIC HOSPITALS
SCHOOL OF NURSING
announces
Foculty positions ore ovoiloble
1. EDUCATIONAL CO.ORDINATOR
2. PSYCHIATRIC NURSING
3. NURSING
Address enquiries to:
Director, School of Nursing,
HAMILTON CIVIC HOSPITALS,
Barton Street East,
Hamilton, Ontario
SUNNYBROOK
HOSPIT AL
REGISTERED NURSES
General Duty Nurses on rotating
shifts are needed as part of the
re-organization of Sunnybrook as
a university teaching hospital.
Employment in our Nursing Ser-
vices Department includes:
Metro Toronto Salary Scale
Accommodation at reduced
rates. Full range of fringe
benefits
Theree weeks vacation after
1 year
Good location
subway on
grounds.
bus from
to hospital
For additional information,
please write:
Director of Personnel
and Public Re!ations,
SUNNYBROOK HOSPITAL
2075 Bayview Avenue
Toronto 12, Ontario
MAY 1967
:....
This is a little Eskimo boy
Sometime during the next year,
he might fall and hurt himself-
or get measles or pneumonia.
He will need the care of a nurse.
A good nurse.
Maybe you7
Registered hospital and public health nurses, certified nursing assistants,
for further information write to:
MEDICAL SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE, OTTAWA, CANADA.
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR
OF NURSING
VICTORIA HOSPIT At
lONDON, ONTARIO
Applications are invited for the
above position in a fully ac-
credited 163-bed General Hos-
pital in beautiful Northern On-
tario.
Modern 1,000-bed hospital
Requires
Registered Nurses for
all services
and
Desirable qualifications should
include B.S.N. Degree with ex-
perience in supervision.
Registered
Nursing Assistants
For further information,
Write to:
40 hour week - Pension plan
- Good salaries and Personnel
Policies.
Director of Nursing
Apply:
Director of Nursing
KIRKLAND and DISTRICT HOSPITAL
VICTORIA HOSPIT At
Kirkland Lake, Ontario.
London, Onto
MAY 1967
ST. JOSEPH'S
HOSPIT AL
HAMIL TON.
ONTARIO
A modern, progressive hospital,
located in the centre of Ontario's
Golden Horseshoe-
invites applications for
GENERAL STAFF
NURSES
and
REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS
Immediate openings are avail-
able in Operating Room, Psy-
chiatry, Intensive Care - Coro-
nary Monitor Unit, Obstetrics,
Medical, Surgical and Paediatrics.
For further information write to:
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING
S1 JOSEPH'S HOSPIT At
Hamilton, Ontario
THE CANADIAN NURSE 63
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recreation
Specialize at either the 424 bed Grace Central
Hospital i
the new $250 mIllion Detroit Medical
Center or at the 448 bed Grace Northwest Hospital.
(Grace IS second largest in terms of admissions in
Michigan)
Further your education at nearby Wayne State
University or one of the many smaller colleges
nearby.
EnJoy your leisure time in the heart of the
cultural and entertainment center of dynamic
Detroit or enJoy the all-year around sports and
recreation of Michigan.
Staff nurses at Grace earn from $550 to $650 per
month plus shift differential of 53.50 per day for
evenmg and noght duty In addition to very generous
fringe benelits. Other positions pay even more.
For full Information contact Director of Nursing:
GRACE CENTRAL HOSPITAL
4160 John R. Street.
Detroit. Michigan 48201
or
GRACE NORTHWEST HOSPITAL
18700 Meyers Road.
Detroit. MichIgan 48235
64 THE CANADIAN NURSE
OWEN SOUND GENERAL
AND MARINE HOSPITAL
requires
GENERAL DUTY NURSES
This 250-bed modern hospital is
located in a year round recrea-
tion area with activities only
minutes from hospital or home.
Salary $400 - $480 per month.
Experience and post basic edu-
cation recognized. A new Re-
gional School of Nursing com-
mences this fall and a 2 + 1
Educational Programme is pre-
sently in progress.
Apply to:
Miss W. Bell,
Director of Nursing Service.
DIRECTOR
OF NURSING SERVICE
The Belleville General Hospital
requires a Director of Nursing
Service to be responsible for the
administration of all nursing ser-
vice activities.
The hospital presently has a ca-
pacity of 300 beds and will in-
crease to a total of 450 beds in
about one year, upon completion
of a construction programme.
The design incorporates a central
Supply Process Dispatch system.
Applicants should have a degree
in nursing service administration
as well as considerable expe-
rience in a similar position.
Applications and enquiries
should be addressed to:
Administrator
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL
Belleville, Ontario.
THE HOSPITAL
FOR
SICK CHILDREN
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YOU
Receive the advantages of:
1. Five-week orientation pro-
gram for new staff.
2. Ongoing in-service education
for nurses.
3. Extensive student education
program.
4. Research Institute.
APPLICA liON FOR GENERAL
DUTY POSITIONS INVITED
For information contact:
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING
555 University Avenue
Toronto, Canada
MAY 1967
ST. JOSEPH'S GENERAL HOSPITAL
PORT ARTHUR, ONTARIO
In June 1967 the opening of the new addition to the 1960 wing will complete
our 250-bed modern hospital. Applications are invited for the following Services:
Surgical, Medical, Pediatrics and Rehabilitation.
HEAD NURSES for
3 NURSING UNITS
REGISTERED NURSES
I
REGISTERED NURSING
ASSISTANTS
HEAD NURSE for O. R.
B.Se.N. with experience
preferred
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Salary Commensurate with
qualifications and
experience
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Planned Orientation
Continuing Inservice
Education
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Opportunity to continue education at lakehead University
Apply to:
Director of Nursing Service
ST. JOSEPH'S GEN ERAL HOSPITAL
Port Arthur r Ontario, Canada.
LlSTOWEl DISTRICT SECONDARY SCHOOL
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NURSING ASSISTANTS' TRAINING SCHOOL
Requires for September I, 1967 0 Nursing Insfrucfor to teoch
Nursing Subjects to Grodes XI ond XII of the Two-Yeor Co-Operofive
Course for Nursing Assistonts. Applicants must be 0 Regisfered
Nurse and hold either the degree of Bochelor of Scie'1ce in
Nursing or anofher University degree.
The Nursing Assistonts' Course in the Listowel District Secondory
School is well esfoblished being now in ifs fourfh yeor.
Hours of work - School Hours - 9 - 4. Sept. - June
Size of Closses - 14 moximum.
THE SCARBOROUGH
GENERAL HOSPITAL
SALARY SCHEDULE Cofegory 1 - $6.100 min. - $ 9.900 mox.
Cotegory 2 - $6.500 min. - $10,300 mox.
Cotegory 3 - $7.200 min. - $11,700 mox.
Cotegory 4 - $7,700 min. - $12.300 mox.
Annuol increment $300.00, other fringe benefifs. Allowonce for
teoching experience $300.00 per year; for Nursing experience
$200.00 per yeor up to 6 years.
Invites applications from General Duty Nurses. Excellent personnel
policies. An octive ond stimulating In-Serviæ Education and
Orientafion Programme. A modern Management Training Pro-
gramme to ossist the career-minded nurse to assume monageriol
positions. Salary is commensurate with experience and obility. We
encouroge you to take odvantoge of the opportunities offered in
this new ond exponding hospitol with its extended serviæs in
Poediatrics. Orfhopaedics. Psychiotry. Cardiology. Operating Room.
Emergency. and Intravenous Theropy.
For further information write to:
Director of Nursing
SCARBOROUGH GENERAL HOSPITAL
Scarborough, Ontario
Send applications to,
or for further information contact:
Mr. W. H. Jack, Principal,
listowel District Secondary School
listowel, Ontario.
Phone School
Home
519-291-1880
519-291-2143
MAY 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 65
YOU
Are cordially invited to join the
staff of
FULLY.QUALIFIED INSTRUCTORS
AT ST. MARY'S SCHOOL
OF NURSING IN KITCHENER
If you have a University Degree
and are interested in moving to
a progressive University City on
Highway 401, we would wel-
come the opportunity to tell you
about our School and our liberal
salaries and benefits
Sister M. Bonaventure, C. S. J.,
Director of Nursing Education
ST. MARY'S SCHOOL OF NURSING
Kitchener, Ontario.
NURSING
ADMINISTRA TION
An attractive, senior position is
available for a Registered Nurse,
preferably one with a degree in
Nursing but a University diploma
in Nursing Administration will
be acceptable. Experience in
nursing service is essential and
the successful applicant will be a
member of Management in Nurs-
ing Administration. Salary will
be negotiated. Replies, which
will be confidential, should in-
clude a resume of experience
and education.
Please write to:
Director of Nursing,
OSHAWA GENERAL HOSPITAL
Oshawa, Ontario.
66 THE CANADIAN NURSE
REGISTERED NURSES
AND
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS
For 300 bed Accredifed General Hospital
situafed in fhe picturesque Grond River
Valley. 60 miles from Toronto.
Modern well-equipped hospifol providing
quolity nursing care.
Excellenf personnel policies.
For further information write:
Director of Nursing Service
SOUTH WATERLOO MEMORIAL
HOSPITAL,
Galt, Ontario
MEDICINE HAT
GENERAL HOSPITAL
MEDICINE HAT, ALBERTA
STAFF NURSES
Current Recommended
Salary Scoles
Apply:
Director of Nursing
or any
CANADA MANPOWER CENTRE
RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL
OF OTTAWA
A new, oir-conditioned 340-bed hospital.
Applicotions ore called for Nurses for fhe
positions of:
GENERAL STAFF NURSES
and
REGISTERED NURSING
ASSISTANTS
Address all enquiries to:
Director of Nursing
RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL
OF OTTAWA
1967 Riverside Drive,
Ottawa, Ontario
HAMILTON GENERAL HOSPITAL
has immediate openings for
REGISTERED NURSES
Eligible for Onfario Registrofion. Oppor-
tunifies for placement in Medicol, Surgicol,
Paediotric, O.R., Recovery, Infensive Core
ond Emergency Unifs wifh eorly promo-
tional possibilifies. A-I benefits ond solo-
ries. Homilfon is a lorge cify ideolly
locoted in Soufhern Ontario and hos 0
fine Universify.
Apply to:
Personnel Department,
HAMILTON GENERAL HOSPITAL,
Barton Street East,
Hamilton, Ontario
REGISTERED NURSES
SALARY - $415 - $490
PLUS MERIT INCREASES
8 HOUR WORKING PERIODS
MODERN 45 BED
ACCREDITED HOSPITAL
RESIDENCE ACCOMMODATION
RECREATIONAL FACILITIES
E.G. GOLF, CURLING, SWIMMING
Write to:
Director of Nursing
ANSON GENERAL HOSPITAL
Iroquois Falls, Ontario
TEACHER
FOR
SCHOOL OF NURSING
GUELPH GENERAL HOSPITAL
Baccaloureofe preferred, Diplomo will be
considered.
Guelph is 0 pleosont cify of 48,000, one
hour's drive from Toronfo. The University
of Guelph offers educationol ond culturol
advonfages to community members.
The School of Nursing is under separote
direction from fhe hospifol ond hos ifs
own Boord of Managemenf. Student En-
rolment is 98.
Interested applicants may write:
Director
School of Nursing
GUELPH GENERAL HOSPITAL
Guelph, Ontario
MAY 1967
THE HAMILTON AND DISTRICT SCHOOL OF NURSING
SPONSORED BY
THE HAMILTON HEALTH ASSOCIATION
INVITES APPLICATIONS FOR THE POSITION OF
INSTRUCTOR
QUALIFICATIONS - A University degree and graduate experience in one or more fields of nursing
Eligibility for Nurse Registration in Ontario.
The fourth group of students will be enrolled in September 1967. Additional teachers will be required
since the maximum enrolment is expected to be reached this year.
THE SCHOOL PROGRAM
CONTROL - The entire curriculum which covers 2 calendar years is planned and controlled by the school
Clinical experience, practice and observation is provided in:
1) The H. H. A. complex of hospitals.
2) The Joseph Brant Memorial Hospital, Burlington.
3) The Oakville Trafalgar Hospital, Oakville.
4) The Ontario Hospital, Hamilton.
5) Community agencies in the area.
FOR FURTHER INFORM A TlON WRITE TO:
The Director,
HAMILTON AND DISTRICT SCHOOL OF NURSING,
Box 590 r Hamilton, Ontario
OSHA W A
GENERAL HOSPITAL
GENERAL DUTY NURSES FOR
All DEPARTMENTS
Starting salary for Ontario Regis-
tered nurses $400 with 5 annual
increments to $480 per month.
Credit for acceptable previous
service - one increase for two
years, two increases for four or
more years.
Non-registered - $360.00
Rotating periods of duty - 3
weeks vacation - 8 statutory
hol idays.
One day's sick credit per month
beginning in the 7th month of
service cumulative to 45 days.
Pension Plan and Group life
Insurance - Hospital pays 50%
I of Medical, Blue Cross and Hos-
I pita I Insurance premiums.
I
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
OSHAWA GENERAL HOSPITAL
Oshawa, Ontario
MAY 1967
DIRECTOR
REGIONAL SCHOOL
OF
OF NURSING
"KIRKLAND LAKE"
Applications are invited for the
position of Director of a new
Regional School of Nursing to be
established in Kirkland Lake with
an annual enrollment of 30
students encompassing five area
hospitals. An excellent opportu-
nity to develop a program from
the erection of the building to
operating the school.
Please direct enquiries to:
The Secretary of the Steering
Committee:
R. J. Cameron, Administrator,
KIRKLAND AND DISTRICT
HOSPITAL
Kirkland Lake, Ontario.
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....
OPPORTUNITY AND CHALLENGE
FOR THE REGISTERED NURSE
The new 22 bed Intensive Core Unit of
fhe Winnipeg Generol Hospital offers a
one year course in advanced Intensive
Core Nursing.
- Salaries scaled fo qualificafions and
experience
- Well planned orientation and continu-
ing educafion
- Approximately 100 lectures given by
doctors and nurses
- Nexf course fo commence September
1967
- Uniforms supplied and laundered free
Staff appointmenfs ore being mode
now.
Apply to:
Mrs. E. E. Hassett, R.N.,
Supervisor, Intensive Care Unit,
WINNIPEG GENERAL HOSPITAL
700 William Avenue,
Winnipeg 3, Manitoba
clo Personnel Dept.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 67
VISITING NURSING
OPPORTUNITIES ACROSS CANADA
lor employment or bursaries
write Director in Chiel:
VICTORIAN ORDER OF NURSES
FOR CANADA
5 Blackburn Avenue,
Ottawa 2, Ontario
PEDIATRIC HEAD NURSE
with postgraduate course in pediatrics
Required for 105-bed fully accredited
Generol Hospitol. Salory based on expe-
rience and qualificofions. Excellent per-
sonnel pol icies.
Apply:
Director of Nursing Service
ST. VINCENT DE PAUL
HOSPIT AL,
Brockville, Ontario
REGISTERED NURSES
REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS
required lor
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL
Construcfion of a new hospital scheduled
for complefion November 1967 will in-
crease the bed capacity to 450. Included
in fhe new hospifa I will be the Friesen
concept of equipment ond moferiol sup'
ply. Salory commensurafe wifh preporo-
tion ond experience. Benefits include Co-
nado Pension Pion. Hospifa1 Pension Plan,
Group Life Insuronce. Accumulotive sick
leave. Ontario Hospifal Insurance ond
P.S.1. - 50% poyment by hospifal.
Apply:
Personnel Director
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL
Belleville, Ontario
68 THE CANADIAN NURSE
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
Applications are invited lor
the position 01
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
The Direcfor of Nursing will be respon-
sible for the odminisfration of 011 nursing
services wifhin the Hospitol. At persent
the Hospital operotes 58 beds ond has
under review plans for renovotion and
exponsion of services ond additionol beds
fO 0 toto 1 complement of 125.
Address enquiries to:
H. D. Mac Robbie,
Administratrix,
WEST LINCOLN MEMORIAL
HOSPITAL,
Grimsby, Ontario
O.R. HEAD NURSE
Applications ore invited for the above
posifion, in a 100-bed hospifol. Solory
$437 - $557 with odditional recognifion
for posf basic educofion ond experience.
Preference will be given to appliconfs with
experience ond post basic preporofion in
O. R. technique ond nursing odminisfra-
tion.
For lurther details please contact:
Director of Nursing,
WEYBURN UNION HOSPITAL,
Weyburn, Saskatchewan
IN-SERVICE EDUCATION
CO-ORDINATOR
Required to reploce refiring incumbenf by
Sepfember 1 fo pion, direcf ond portici-
pote in fhe educofional progrommes of 0
650-bed hospifal. Appliconts must be well
experienced registered nurses wifh de-
monstrated leodership ond administrofive
abilify. Additional advonced quolificafions
preferoble. Salary according to qualifi-
cotions.
Please apply to:
Director of Nursing,
HAMILTON GENERAL HOSPITAL
Barton St. E.,
Hamilton, Ontario
DIRECTOR OF SCHOOL
OF NURSING
THE OTTAWA REGIONAL SCHOOL OF
NURSING
has an opening for 0 Director.
REQUIREMENTS: Moster's Degree prefer-
red ond a good working knowledge of
English and French.
CHALLENGE: A unique opporfunify fO par-
ticipafe in the pions for the building
of the school ond in the developmenf
of the progromme for bilingual sfu-
dents.
APPOINTMENT: To be mode as soon os
possible.
APPLICATIONS: Inferesfed oppliconts ore
invited to correspond with:
The Chairman of the Board
of Directors,
Mr. LAVAL FORTIER,
269 Stewart Street r
Ottawa 2, Ontario
ST. MARrS HOSPITAL
TIMMINS, ONTARIO
Modern 2OQ-bed hospifol situated
in Norfhern Ontario.
Requires
REGISTERED NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING
ASSISTANTS
STARTING SALARY: Reg.N. $415 per month
R.N.A. $270 per month
Recognition given for quolificotions and
experience. Excellent personnel policies.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing Service
ST. MARY'S HOSPITAL
Timmins, Ontario.
SCHOOL OF NURSING
requires
INSTRUCTOR IN SCIENCE
AND MEDICAL
SURGICAL NURSING
REQUIREMENTS:
University preparafion in Nursing Edu-
cofion. Salary differentiol for degree
For lurther inlormation,
contact :
Director of Nursing
JEFFERY HALE'S HOSPITAL
1250 St-Foy Road, Quebec
6, P.Q.
MAY 1967
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Forty thousand people
North of the 53rd parallel need you.
Manlloba'
rapidly expanding Northland olfe"
a challenging rewarding lile for REGISTERED
NURSES interested in PUBLIC HEALTH.
\\
Fbsitions with the Mamtoba Department of
Health open at The Pas, Manitoba and other
Northern locations.
. w,.........
For further mformation and application forms
contact: Director of Nursing.
Publi<. Health Nursing Servi<'ß.
Manitoba Department of Health.
Room 415. Norquay Building.
Winmpeg 1. Mamtoba.
II
DIRECTOR OF SCHOOL
OF NURSING
REGISTERED NURSES
REQUIRED FOR
DISTRICT SCHOOL OF NURSING
Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois is a
new 587-bed General Hospital, located in a pleasant
suburb of Chicago.
The hospital is modern with a wide range of services
to patients, including Hyperbaric Oxygen Unit. Low-
cost modern housing next to the hospital is available.
The hospital is completely air-conditioned.
Annual beginning salary is from $6,000 plus shift
differential pay. Regular salary increments at six
months of service and yearly thereafter. Sick leave
and other fringe benefits are also available.
Minimum Requirement - B. Sc. N., with five years
experience, two of these in Nursing Education.
Apply to:
Write or call collect:
Mr. Harold Swanson, Chairman,
Director of Nursing Services
220 Clarke Street
LUTHERAN GENERAL HOSPITAL
PARK RIDGE, ILLINOIS 60068
Telephone: 692-2210 Ext. 211
Area Code: 312
BOARD OF NURSING EDUCATION
WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO
MAY 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 69
WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL
Requires
GENERAL STAFF NURSES
All DEPARTMENTS
and
O.R. TECHNICIANS
Apply:
Director of Nursing
WOODSTOCK
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Woodstock, Ontario
McKEllAR GENERAL HOSPITAL
requires
Registered Nurses for General Staff. The
hospifal is friendly and progressive.
It is now in the beginning stages of a
$3,500,000 program of expansion and
renovation.
- Openings in all services.
- Proximify ta lakehead
ensures opporfunily for
education.
University
furthering
For full particulars write to:
Director
of Nursing Service
McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL,
Fort William, Ontario.
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
Hamilton, Ontario
requires
CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS in all Nursing
areas. Well-equipped, modern School of
Nursing. Student enrolment over 300.
Modern, progressive, SOO-bed Hospital.
Salary commensurate with preparation
and experience.
For further details, apply:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
70 THE CANADIAN NURSE
PORT COlBORNE
GENERAL HOSPITAL
PORT COLBORNE, ONTARIO
STAFF NURSES
required
For 166-bed hospital within easy driving
distance af American and Canadian me-
fropalifan centres. Consideration given for
previous experience obtained in Canada.
Completely furnished apartmenf-slyle resi-
dence, including balcony and swimming
pool facing loke, adjacent to hospital.
Apply:
Director of Nursing
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Port Colborne,Ontorio
REGISTERED NURSES
For new 100.bed General Hospital in
resort town of 14,000 people, beaufifully
located on shores of lake af the Woods.
Three hours' travel time from Winnipeg
wifh good transparfafion available. Wide
variefy of summer and winfer sports-
swimming, boating, fishing, golfing, skaf-
ing, curling, tobogganing, skiing and ice
fishing.
Solary: $372 for nurses regisfered in
Ontario with allowance for experience.
Residence available. Good personnel poli-
cies.
Appty to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
KENORA GENERAL HOSPITAL
Kenora, Ontario
VICTORIAN ORDER
OF NURSES
GREATER TORONTO BRANCH
Invites applications for positions 0'
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE
This branch offers diversified experience
including bedside nursing, individual
teaching, participafion in Home Care
Program for Mefropolitan Toronto, and
student program. Inservice educafion and
other employee benefits.
For details apply:
Director
VICTORIAN ORDER OF NURSES
GREATER TORONTO BRANCH
281 Sherbourne Street
Toronto 2, Ontario
Sf. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
LONDON, ONTARIO
Teaching Hospital, 600 beds, new facilifies
requires:
REGISTERED NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS
For further information apply:
The Di..ector of Nursing
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
London, Ontario
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
EDUCATION
Masfer's degree preferred; fo conduct
basic nursing program and affilliate pro-
gram.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing,
CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL
OF WINNIPEG,
Winnipeg, Manitoba.
QUO V ADiS
SCHOOL OF NURSING
OFFERS
Interesting positions for teachers
in Medical-Surgical Nursing in a
two-year program. Degree and
experience essential.
Write:
THE DIRECTOR
38 Sunnyside Avenue
Toronto 3, Ontario
MAY 1967
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. OF ALBERTA
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I' 1'111 HOSPITAL
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A 1,200 bed teaching hospital, with a School of Nursing of 450 students. A rapidly expanding Medical
Center, situated on a growing University Campus.
NURSING OFFERS
* Planned Orientation Programme
* In Service Education Programme
* Organized programme to provide op-
portunities for T eom leaders, leader-
ship Responsibility
* Opparfunifies for Professional develop-
ment in O.R., Coronary Core, Cardiac
Surgery, Renal Dialysis, Neurosurgery,
and Rehabilifation
For more information write to:
Director of Nursing
UNIVERSITY
OF ALBERTA
HOSPITAL
Edmonton, Alberta
Canada
BENEFITS
* Excellenf Pafient Care Facilities
* Salary scaled to qualificafion and ex-
perience
* liberal personnel policies
ONTARIO SOCIETY
FOR
CRIPPLED CHILDREN
requires
· Camp Directors
· General Staff Nurses
· Registered Nursing Assistants
for
FIVE SUMMER CAMPS
located near
OTTAWA COLLINGWOOD
LONDON - PORT COLBORNE
KIRKLAND LAKE
Applications are invited from nurses in-
terested in the rehabilitation of physically
handicapped children. Preference given to
CAMP DIRECTOR applicants having super-
visory experience 000 to NURSING ap-
plicants with paediatric experience.
Apply in writing to:
Miss HREN WALLACE, Reg. N. r
Supervisor of Camps,
350 Rumsey Road,
Toronto 17, Ontario
MAY 1967
GUELPH
GENERAL HOSPITAL
ACTlVE-200 BEDS-FULLY
ACCREDITED
requires
GENERAL STAFF NURSES
REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS
Pleasant City of 48,500, one
hour from Toronto Via 401.
Good personnel policies.
For further details apply to:
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING
GENERAl HOSPITAL
Guelph, Ontario
AJAX AND
PICKERING
GENERAL HOSPITAL
AJAX, ONTARIO
127 Beds
Nursing the patient as an indi-
vidual. Vacancies, General Duty
R.N:s and Registered Nursing
Assistants for all areas, Full time
and part time. Salaries as in Me-
tro Toronto. Consideration for ex-
perience and education. Excellent
fringe benefits. Residence accom-
modation, single rooms, House-
keeping privileges.
Apply to:
NURSING OFFICE PERSONNEL
THE CANADIAN NURSE 71
THE GENERAL REGISTRY
OF GRADUATE NURSES
TORONTO
FURNISH NURSES
AT ANY HOUR
DAY or NIGHT
Telephone: 483-4306
411 Eglinton Avenue East
Suite 500
Toronto 12, Ontario
JEAN C. BROWN, REG.N.
McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
Invites applications for the positions of:
TEACHERS IN
MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING
Responsibilifies include classroom and cli-
nical teaching in an integrated 36 month
programme.
The School has an enrolment of 140
sfudents and is associafed wifh a 375 bed
hospital.
Proximity fo the lakehead University of-
fers opportunities for furfher sfudy and
advancement.
Universify preparation required wifh sal-
ary differential for degree.
Apply to:
The Director of Nursing Education
McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL
School of Nursing, Fort William, Ontario
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR
OF NURSING SERVICE
Applications are invited for the posifion
of Assistant Director of Nursing Service
for a 291-bed fully accredited General
Hospital
Preference will be given fo applicanfs
with preparafion and experience in nurs-
ing service administrafion.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing Service
THE GENERAL HOSPITAL
OF PORT ARTHUR
Port Arthur, Ontario
72 THE CANADIAN NURSE
REGISTERED NURSES
required for
B2-bed hospitoL Situated in the Niagara
Peninsula. Transporfation assistance.
For salary rafes and personnel policies,
apply to:
Director of Nursing
HALDIMAND WAR MEMORIAL
HOSPITAL
Dunnville, Ontario
CATHERINE BOOTH HOSPITAL
Requires
REGISTERED NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS
for new BO-bed hospital in west-end
MonfreaL
Openings in: Obsfetrics
Gynaecology
General Surgery
Planned orientafion and acfive Inservice
program. Salaries in accordance with
ANPQ
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
CATHERINE BOOTH HOSPITAL
4375 Montclair Ave.,
Montreal 28, Que.
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC HOSPITAL
School of Nursing requires
INSTRUCTRESS (Nursing Arts)
INSTRUCTRESS (Medical.Surgical Area)
New self-contained educofion building for
school of nursing now open.
Trent Universify is situafed in Peterborough
For further information write to:
Director of Nursing
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC
HOSPITAL
Peterborough, Ontario
GENERAL DUTY NURSES
and
NURSING ASSISTANTS
Wanted for acfive General Hospital (125
beds) situated in St. Anfhony, Newfound-
land, a town of 2,400 and headquarters
of the Internafional Grenfell Associafion
which provides medical care for northern
Newfoundland and the coasf of labrador.
Salaries in accordance with ARNN.
For further information
ptease write:
Miss Dorothy A. Plant
INTERNATIONAL GRENFEll ASSOCIATION
Room 701A, 88 Metcalfe Street,
OnAWA 4, ONTARIO
SOUTH PEEL HOSpnAL
COOKSYILLE, ONTARIO
A new 450.bed General Hospifal, located
12 miles from 1he Cify of Toronto. has
openings for:
(1) GENERAL STAFF NURSES in all de.
partments;
(2) Registered Nursing Assistants in all
departments.
For information or application, write to:
Director of Nursing
SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL
Cooksville, Ontario
SCHOOL OF NURSING
PUBLIC GENERAL HOSPITAL
Chatham, Ontario
requires
INSTRUCTORS
Sfudenf Body of 130
Modern self-contained educafion building
University Preparation required wifh
salary differenfial for Degree.
For further information,
apply to:
Director, Nursing Education
MAY 1967
. minutes away from Boston Pops, Harvard Square, historic landmarks, beautiful beaches, nationally famous
colleges and universities, sailing on the Charles River, old Cape Cod and magnificent skiing. What's more, Beth
Israel is just minutes away from the new Boston . . . as modern as its exciting 52-story Prudential skyscraper.
And e\fery minute of a nurse's time is valuable - as valuable as gold. Beth Israel, an integral part of the Harvard
Medical Complex, realizes this. So at B.I., a nurse is
free to nurse . . . she is relieved from the pressure
and drudgery of non-nursing duties. A B.I. nurse is
encouraged through tuition reimbursement to further
her education. A B.I. nurse uses some of the most
modern equipment available, much of which Wé!o; in-
vented and perfected at the hospital. A B.I. nurse
works side by side with many of the world's finest
medical people.
Take a few minutes to consider Boston. . . and the
unlimited professional opportunities at Boston's Beth
Israel Hospital.
For further details on nursing at Beth Israel, reply to:
Miss Susan Vinnicombe, Supervisor of Nursing Place-
ment, Dept. 23
MINUTES.
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IS. AEL HO PITAL:
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KINGSTON. ONTARIO
CRADUATE NURSES
MALE and FEMALE
Excellent opportunities for advancement in a 600 bed
University Teaching Hospital
SALARY SCALE
with Ontario registration
$400 - $480 PER MONTH
without Ontario registration
$360 - $420 PER MONTH
credit given for post graduate experience and univer-
sity preparation.
FACILITIES AVAILABLE FOR GRADUATES TO QUALIFY
FOR ONTARIO REGISTRATION
Write to:
Mr. J. SCHOLES,
Associate Director Nursing Administration,
KINGSTON GENERAL HOSPITAL,
Kingston, Ontario,
Canada
\<\AY 1967
..
BETH ISRAEL HOSPITAL
330 Brookline Avenue
Boston, Massachusetts 02215
An Fqual Opportunity Emplover
SCARBOROUGH CENTENARY HOSPITAL
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Invites Applications For:
- HEAD NURSES IN ALL AREAS
- CASE ROOM, EMERGENCY AND I.C.U. STAFF
- GENERAL STAFF R,N. AND R.N.A.
This modern 7S0-bed hospifal, scheduled to open in the Summer of
1967, is fully equipped wifh the lafest facilifies to assist personnel
in patienf care and embraces fhe most modern concepts of feam
nursing. (See Hospital Administration in Canada January 1967
edifian). Excellent personnel policies are avoilable. Progressive staff
and management development programs offer the maximum op'
porfunities for those who are interested. Salary is commensurafe
with experience and ability.
For further information, please direct your enquiries to:
Director of Nursing Service,
SCARBOROUGH CENTENARY HOSPITAL
Post Office Box 250, West Hill, Ontario
THE CANADIAN NURSE 73
EL CAMINO
HOSPIT AL
LOCATED IN BEAUTIFUL SANTA CLARA VALLEY
YEAR 'ROUND SMOG-FREE TEMPERATE CLIMATE
Registered Nurses -
All Service.
Storting salary for
Experienced
Registered Nurses
$550 per monfh
44B-bed fully-accred-
ited general hospi-
tal located 40 min-
utes soufh of
downtown San
Francisco
-
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Ample opportunify
for professional
development as
there are two col-
leges ond fwo uni-
versities in the
immediofe vicinity
Excellent recreotionol
focilifies in close
proximity to the
hospitol
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.
Benefits Include:
Plonned orienfotion
progrom
Continuing in-service
educofion
Two to four weeks
vacation
Eight poid holidoys
Accumulative sick
leove
Free group life
insurance
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Fully poid heolfh in-
surance including
fomily coverage
Fully poid retirement
program
liberal shift
differenfioJ
40-hour week
.
.........
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Apply to:
PERSON N EL DI RECTOR
EI Camino Hospital
2500 Grant Road
Mountain View, California 94040
MAIMONIDES HOSPITAL
AND HOME FOR THE AGED
AN OPPORTUNITy....
A CHALLENGE....
A NEW EXPERIENCE....
SUPERVISORS, STAFF NURSES, NURSING
ASSISTANTS, INSTRUCTORS, PSYCHIATRIC
NURSE:
We invite you to join the nursing staff of New Mai.
monides.
LIBERAL VACATION . HEALTH AND
PENSION PLANS . SALARIES COM-
MENSURA TE WITH RECOGNIZED SCALES
Apply to:
DIRECTOR Of NURSING
5795 Caldwell Avenue
Montreal 29, Quebec
74 THE CANADIAN NURSE
VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPITAL
HALlFAX r NOVA SCOTIA
Invites applications from Registered Nurses
for all services including operating room r
recovery room, intensive care and emergency
in completely new wing.
Salary range for General Staff positions
$360.00 - $420.00 per month
and other liberal benefits.
Direct enquiries to:
Director of Nursing,
VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPITAL
3383
Halifax, Nova Scotia
MAY 1967
What does
Methodist Hospital
have to offer me?
At the Methodist Hospital, where research is a part
of progress, a nursing career takes on new horizons -
rich in meaning and professional satisfaction.
If you're looking for the chance to be the nurse
you've always dreamed of - coming to the world
famous Methodist Hospital can be an adventure -
almost like stepping into the future - splendid
facilities, so much advance equipment and
everywhere the newest medical and patient care
tethniques are in use.
Some of the best aspects of nursing at METHODIST
are as old as medicine itself - there is a spirit of
kindness and consideration, and emphasis on patient
care, that make this a hospital where nursing is
satisfying and rewarding, day by day.
Methodist Hospital is right in the center of the world's
great Medical, Research and Educational complexes.
HOUSTON is an exciting city - rodeo and opera,
pro.football and the famous Alley Theatre, water sports
and beaches an hour or less away, the Houston
Symphony and the Astrodome!
A Few Quick Facts: We're affiliated with Baylor
University College of Medicine and associated with
Texas Woman's University College of Nursing.
New $9Y2 million Cardiovascular and Orthopedic
Research Center will open soon. Our Insef\lice
Education Department gives you thorough
orientation, and continued instruction in new
concepts and techniques. You'll find every
encouragement to broaden your skills,
including tuition assistance in obtaining
further education in nursing.
Send for Your Colorful Informative Illustrated
Brochure. . . to learn about Methodist Hospital,
Houston, positions available, salary and employment
benefits, tuition allowance, complimentary room
accommodation and our Nurse Specialist Programs.
Write, call or send coupon, Director of Personnel,
The Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center,
Houston, Texas 77025
r-------------------------------------.
I Director of Personnel, THE METHODIST HOSPITAL, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77025 I
I Please send me your brochure about nursing opportunities at THE METHODIST HOSPITAL-Texas Medical Center I
I I
I Name I
I Add ress I
I I
I City State Zip Code I
L_____________________________________
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SCOTLAND
THE PLACE TO
CENTENNIAL
THE ROYAL INFIRMARY OF EDINBURGH
BE IN
YEAR!
OTTAWA CIVIC HOSPITAL
Ottawa, Ontario
REGISTERED GENERAL NURSES are invited to apply
for interesting posts of at least six months' duration
in this University Teaching Hospital. Duties may be
in general wards, or intensive care units. 42 hour
week. Salary E690 - E850 per annum.
Enjoy life in green and pleasant Ottawa. Daily
train and bus service to Expo '67! Challenging
work in a modern teaching Hospital of 1087
beds, where adminisfration is progressive and
sfaff participation encouraged. In-Sef\lice Educa-
fion program well esfablished. Excellent salaries,
personnel policies and fringe benefits to:
Residential accommodation available, if required.
Registration in the United Kingdom necessary. Arran-
gements should be made through applicant's National
Nurses' Association.
For lull details apply to:
The Lady Superintendent of Nurses,
THE ROYAL INFIRMARY
Edinburg, 3.
REGISTERED NURSES
for all services including Operating Room and
Psychiatry.
Apply in writing to:
Miss B. JEAN MILLIGAN, Reg.N., M.A.
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR.
AY 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 75
OPERATING ROOM SUPERVISOR:
To be in charge of Operafing Suite and
Emergency service of 58-bed hospifal.
Plans for renovation and expansion of
services and additional beds to a tofal
complemenf of 125 are under review.
Operating Room Supervisor is responsible
to fhe Direcfor of Nursing.
Address enquiries to:
H. D. MacRobbie,
Administratrix,
WEST LINCOLN MEMORIAL
HOSPITAL,
Grimsby, Ontario
SCHOOL OF NURSING
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN GENERAL HOSPITAL
will require
2 TEACHERS - AUGUST 1967
DUTIES: Instruction in Science and Medical.
Surgical Nursing Participation in deve-
lopmenf of 2 year programme.
QUALIFICATIONS: Universify preparation
in Nursing Educafion or Public Health.
SALARY: Commensurafe wifh experience
and educafion. 50 sfudents enrolled
annually.
For further information contact:
Director School of Nursing
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN GENERAL
HOSPITAL
St. Thomas, Onto
CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS
required
with preparafion and experience. Eligible
for B. C. Registrafion. Medical, Surgical
and Paediatric areas.
Student enrollment - 200
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
ROYAL J UBILEE HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
Victoria, B. C.
76 THE CANADIAN NURSE
DIRECTOR OF
NURSING SERVla
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
LONDON, ONTARIO
Applications are invited
for the position of:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING SERVICE.
Duties to commence not later than July
15, 1967. Minimum qualifications-<l bac-
coleaureofe degree and nursing adminis-
trafion experience.
Please address applications to:
Assistant Ad...,inistrator
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
London, Ontario
WANTED
Regisfered Nurses required for twelve-bed
Company hospital in Lynn Lake, Manitoba.
Solary $385.00 per month plus five an-
nual increments. Free aparfment and
boord. Relocafion expenses. Company
paid insurance, medical, hospital plans
and pension plan available.
For further particulars, apply to:
Personnel Manager,
SHERRITT GORDON MINES
LIMITED,
Lynn Lake, Manitoba.
REGISTERED NURSES
Registered Nurses required for General
Duty in well staffed 90 bed general hos-
pital.
Solary Scale $3,200 x $120 to $4,200 per
annum.
liberal personnel policy.
Good prospects for early promotion to
senior posifions an basis of merit and
ability rafher than on seniority.
Fare paid from present location.
Appty for further details
to:
Dr. A. H. Dennison
Medical Superintendent
NOTRE DAME BAY
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
Twillingate, Newfoundland
PSYCHIATRIC
CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR
required by
ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL
KAMLOOPS. British Columbia
For further information write to:
Director of Nursing Education
ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL
Kamloops, B. C.
GRADUA IE NURSES
For permanent staff or holiday relief. In
active 1M-bed ocufe General Hospital
wifh full accreditation, located in the
Columbia River Valley in southeasfern
British Columbia. Unlimited social and
sporfs activifies including golf, fennis,
swimming, skiing and curling. 40 hour
week; Starfing salary after regisfration
$390 rising to $466. Four weeks annuel
vacafion, 10 statutory holidays, 1 1 12 days
sick leave per month cumulative to 120
days. Employer-employee porficipation in
medical coverage and superannuation.
Residence accommodation.
For further information apply to:
Director of Nursing
TRAIL-TADANAC HOSPITAL
Trail, British Columbia
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
SARNIA, ONTARIO
Invites applications for the
positions of:
IN-SERVICE DIRECTOR
EVENING SUPERVISOR
GENERAL DUTY NURSES
328-bed hospital, excellent personnel po-
licies
For further information apply:
Director of Nursing
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
Sarnia, Ontario
MAY 1967
THE WINNIPEG
GENERAL HOSPIT At
Offers the following opporfunity far ad-
vanced preparafion to qualified Registered
Graduate Nurses:
A SIX MONTH CLINICAL COURSE
in
OPERATING ROOM
PRINCIPLES AND ADVANCED
PRACTICE
The course cammences in September af
each year. Maintenance is provided, and
a reasonable stipend is given each month.
Enrolment is limifed to a maximum of
fen studenfs.
For further information please
write to:
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING
700 William Ave.
Winnipeg 3
McMASTER
UNIVERSITY
DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC
NURSING (B.Se.N.)
A Four-Year Course which pre-
pares students for all branches
of community and hospital nur-
sing practice and leads to the
degree, Bachelor of Seience in
Nursing (B.Se.N.). It includes
studies in the humanities, basic
sciences and nursing. Bursaries,
loans and scholarships are a-
vailable.
For additional information,
write to:
School of Nursing
McMASTER UNIVERSITY
Hamilton, Ontario
. vtA Y 1967
UNITED STATES
I I
WEST INDIES
GENERAL DUTY AND LICENSED PRACTICAL NURSES:
115.bed JCAH hospitol on shores of lake Okeecho-
bee. liberal personnel policies; starting salary for
RN's. $525 (for lPN's $375) with 10% differential
for each group evenings and nights. Free meals;
nurses' residence available. Apply: Director of
Nurses, Glades General Hospital, Belle Glade, Flo-
rida 33430. 15-10-3A
Regist.red Graduat. Nurses who wish to go in valu-
able and interesting experience in the semi tropical
county of Haiti. Hðpital Albert Schweitzer, Arti-
bonite Valley near St. Marc is a well-equipped
modern hospital, 160 average daily census, medical,
surgical, pediatric wards and daily clinics. Two
year contract, $150 per month with transportation
to and from point or origin, maintenance, medical
care as provided at hospital. Compensatory day off
for any holiday worked; there are at least 17 na-
tional and religious holidays in Haiti. The nurse is
entitled to a vacation allowance at the rate of two
days for each full calendar month worked. Write,
Miss Walborg L. Peterson, P.O. Box 2213-B, Port-au-
Prince, Haiti. 17-1-
REGISTERED NURSES: for 75-bed air conditioned
hospital, growing community. Starting salary $330-
S365/m, fringe benefits, vacation, sick leave, holi-
days, life insurance, hospitalization. 1 meal furnish-
ed. Write: Administrator, Hendry General Hospital,
Clewiston, Florida. 15-10-1
B.
J 'd'1
SCHOOL FOR GRADUATE NURSES
McGill UNIVERSITY
PROGRAMS FOR GRADUATE NURSES
DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF NURSING
Two years from McGill Senior Matriculafion or three years from McGill Junior
Matriculafion or the equivalents. In First Year fhe studenf elecfs one clinical
setting in which to sfudy nursing, selecfing from
. Mafernal and Child Health Nursing
. Medical-Surgical Nursing
· Mental Healfh and Psychiatric Nursing
· Public Health Nursing
In Final Year the sfudent sfudies in nursing education, or nursing service
supervision, selecting from
. Teaching of Nursing
· Supervision of Nursing Service in Hospitals
· Supervision of Public Health Nursing Service
DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE (APPLIED)
A program of fwo academic years for nurses with a baccalaureate degree.
Students elect to major in:
· Development and Administration of Educational Programs in Nursing
. Nursing Service Administration in Hospifals and Public Healfh Agencies
PROGRAM IN BASIC NURSING
leading to the degree Bachelor of Science In Nursing
A five-year program far students with McGill Junior Matriculafion Or ifs equivalent.
This program combines academic and professional courses with supervised nursing
experience in the McGill teaching hospifals and selecfed health agencies_ This brood
background of education, followed by graduate professional experience, prepares
nursrs for advanced levels of service in hospitals and community.
For further particulors write to:
DIRECTOR, McGILL SCHOOL FOR GRADUATE NURSES
3506 UNIVERSITY STREET, MONTREAL 2, QUE.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 77
I I
UNITED STATES
UNITED STATES
STAFF NURSES Here is the opportunity to further
develop your professõonal skills and knowledge in
our I,ooo-bed medical center. We have liberal personnel
policies with premiums for evening and night tours.
Our nurses' residence, located in the midst of 33
cultural and educational institutions, offers low-cost
housing adjacent to the Hospitals. Write for our booklet
on nursing opportunities. Feel free to tell us whaffype
position you are seeking_ Write: Director of Nursing,
Room 600, University Hospitals of Cleveland, University
Circle, Cleveland, Ohio 44-06 15-36.1 G
STAFF NURSES: To work in Extended Core or Tuber-
culosis Unit. Live in lovely suburban Cleveland in
2.bedroom house for $55 a month including all
utilities. Modern salary and excellent fringe benefits.
Write Director of Nursing Service, 4310 Richmond
Rood, Cleveland, Ohio. 15-36 1 F
GRADUATE NURSES - Wouldn't you like to work
at a modern 532-bed acute General Teaching Hos.
pital where you would have: (0) unlimited oppor-
tunities for professional growth and advcmcement,
Ib) tuition paid for advanced study, (c) starting
salary of $429 per month (to those with pending
registration as well), d) progressive personnel pOli.
cies, (e) a choice of areas? For further information,
write or call collect: Miss Louise Harrison, Director
of Nursing Service, Mount Sinai Hospital, University
Circle, Cleveland, Ohio 44106. Phone SWeetbriar
5-6000. 15-36-1 D
Registered Nune (Scenic Oregon vacation play-
ground, skiing, swimming, boating & cultural
events) for 295.bed feaching unit on campus of
University of Oregon medical school. Salary storts
at $575. Pay differential for nights and evenings.
liberal policy for advancement, vacations, sick
leave, holidays. Apply: Multnomah Hospital, Port.
land, Oregon. 97201. 1.5-38-1
ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
MONTREAL, QUEBEC
POSTGRADUATE COURSES
1.
(a) 'Six month clinical course in Obstetrical Nursing.
Classes - September and March.
(b) Two month clinical course in Gynecological Nursing.
Classes following the six month course in Obstetrical
Nursing.
(c) Eight week course in Care of the Premature Infant.
2.
Six month course in Operating Room Technique.
Classes - September and March.
3.
Six month course in Theory and Practice in Psychiatric
Nursing.
Classes - September and March.
For information and details of the courses, apply to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL
Montreal, P.Q.
78 THE CANADIAN NURSE
I I
I !
UNITED STATES
STAFF NURSES: University of Washington. 320-bed
modern, expanding Teaching and Research Hospital
located on campus offers you an opportunity to
join the stoff in one of the following specialties:
Clinical Research, Premature Center, Open Heart
Surgery, Physical Medicine, Orthopedics, Neurosur-
gery, Adult and Child Psychiatry in addition to
the General Services. Salary: $501 to $576. Unique
benefit program includes free University courses after
six months. For information on opportunities, write
to: Mrs. Ruth Fine. Director of Nursing Services,
University Hospital, 1959 N.E. Pacific Avenue,
Seattle, Washington 98105. 15.48-2D
THE UNIVERSITY OF
WESTERN ONTARIO
SCHOOL OF NURSING
announces
FACULTY POSITIONS
available for the following programmes:
1. A Four-Year Basic Degree ProgrammE
(B.Sc.N.) beginning in September 1966
2. Degree Programme for Graduafe Reg.
istered Nurses.
3. Expanding graduafe programmes
(M.Sc.N.).
Enquires are invited from qualified persons
who are interesfed in University feaching
opporfunifies in the School of Nursing of 0
rapidly developing Heolfh Sciences Centre.
For informatian write to:
The Dean, School of Nursing
THE UNIVERSITY OF
WESTERN ONTARIO
London, Canada
UNIVERSITY OF
BRITISH COLUMBIA
School of Nursing
DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC
NURSING
DEGREE COURSE FOR
GRADUATE NURSES
Both of these courses lead to the
B.S.N. degree. Graduates are pre-
pared for public health as well as
hospital nursing positions.
DIPLOMA COURSES FOR
GRADUATE NURSES
I. Public Health Nursing.
2. Administration of Hospital
Nursing Units.
3. Psychiatric Nursing.
For information write to:
The Director
SCHOOL OF NURSING
UNIVERSITY OF B.C.
Vancouver 8, B.C.
MAY 1967
THE MONTREAL GENERAL HOSPITAL
offers a
6 month Advanced Course in
Operating Room Technique and
Management to
REGISTERED NURSES
with a year's Graduate experience
in an Operating Room.
Classes commence in September and
March for selected classes of
8 students
For further information apply to :
The Director of Nursing
THE MONTREAL GENERAL HOSPITAL
Montreal 25, Quebec
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REGISTERED & GRADUATE
NURSES
Are required to fill vacancies in a modern, centrally
located Hospital. Tours of duty are 7:30 - 4:00, 3:30-
12:00 and 11 :30 - 8:00.
Salary range for Registered Nurses is $382.50 to
$447.50 per month and for Graduate Nurses is
$352.50 to $417.50 per month. We offer a full
range of employee benefits and excellent working
conditions.
Day Care facilities for pre-school children from 3
months to 5 years in age.
Apply in person, or by letter to :
Personnel Manager,
THE RIVERDALE HOSPITAL
St. Matthews Road,
Toronto 8, Ontario.
, -tAY 1967
AN EXTENSION COURSE
IN NURSING UNIT ADMINISTRATION
Nurses interested in enrolling for the Extension Course
in Nursing Unit Administration should submit their
applications not later than June 1 st, 1967. Appli-
cations will be accepted from nurses who are en-
gaged as assistant head nurses, head nurses or
supervisors and who are unable to attend a univer-
sity school of nursing. Directors of nursing in small
hospitals may also apply.
The course begins with a five-day workshop in Sep-
tember, followed by a seven month period of home-
study. A final five-day workshop will be held in
May 1968.
The Extension Course in Nursing Unit Administration
is jointly sponsored by the Canadian Nurses' Associa-
tion and the Canadian Hospital Association.
Information and application forms may be obtained
by writing to:
Director,
EXTENSION COURSE IN NURSING UNIT ADMINISTRATION
25 Imperial Street
Toronto 7, Ontario
J...
t
HOSPITAL:
A newly expanded 257 bed hospital with such progressive
care concepts as a 12-bed I.C.U., 22-bed psychiatric and
24-bed self care unit.
IDEAL LOCATION:
45 minutes from downfown Toronto, 15-30 minutes from ex-
cellent summer and winter resort areas.
SALARIES:
Registered Nurses: $400.00 - $480.00 per monfh.
Registered Nursing Assistants: $295.00 - $331.00 per month.
FURNISHED APARTMENTS:
Swimming pool, tennis courts, etc. (see above)
OTHER BENEFITS:
Medical and hospital insurance, group life insurance, pension
plan, 40 hour week.
Please address all enquiries to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL
596 Davis Drive
Newmarket, Ontario
THE CANADIAN NURSE 79
r
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lor (f Jlor(Jc!a!
('0 IN lort
thot lasts!
meet the patient's needs with
ANUSOL
Hemorrhoidal Suppositories and Ointment
SAFE: Anusol contains no
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not mask the symptoms of serious
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Makers of Tedral.Brondecon. Choledyl
Unique. convenient
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SECURE during all normal activity with-
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STERILE, and highly absorbent. Made of
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dry or with topical medication on central
portion.
Available from all recognized
vJ Surgical Dealers or from
WIN LEY-MORRIS CO. LTD.
M Surgical products division
Montreal 26 Ouebec
67.t
80 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Index
to
advertisers
May 1967
Abbott Laboratories Limited
American Sterilizer Company
Ames Company of Canada, Ltd.
Bland Uniforms Limited
The British Drug Houses (Canada) Ltd
Canadian Pacific Airlines
M. J. Chase Co. Inc.
Charles E. Frosst & Co.
W. J. Gage Limited
Hollister Limited
Frank W. Horner Company
Lakeside Laboratories (Canada) Ltd.
Lewis-Howe Company (Turns)
J. B. Lippincott Company of Canada Limited
Mead Johnson of Canada Ltd.
Medical Products 3M Company
Ortho Pharmaceutical (Canada) Ltd.
J. T. Posey Company
Reeves Company
W. B. Saunders Company
Scholl Mfg. Co. Ltd.
Smith & Nephew Limited
Uniforms Registered
Warner-Chilcott Labs Co. Ltd.
White Sister Uniform Inc.
Winley-Morris Company Ltd.
Advertising
Manager
Ruth H. Baumel,
The Canadian Nurse
50 The Driveway,
Ottawa 4, Ontario
Advertising Representatives
Richard P. Wilson,
219 East Lancaster Avenue,
Ardmore, Penna. 19003
Vanco Publications,
170 The Donway West,
Suite 408, Don Mills, Onto
Member of Canadian
Circulation Audit Board Inc.
10
9
Cover IV
24
49
6
51
16
25
23
45
11
51
2
12
5
19
47
18
26
50
20
Cover III
80
1, Cover II
48, 80
I3E:J
MAY 196i
June, 1967
UN IV "'
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SCfl 0,) Y OF
. OOt OJi' OTTAWA
OT?AiA NURSIN0
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12- 6 8_Q
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The
Canadian
Nurse
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psychiatric care -
a new approach
attitudes of nurses
to nursing
idea exchange
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WHATEVER THE SIGN OF TROUBLE FOR ALLERGIC PATIENTS
BEt..,Cld ryl@
(diphenhydramine hydrochloride)
PARKE-DAVIS
PROVIDES RELIEF
Pets or pollen... dust or dander... whatever the allergen, you can rely on BENADRYL to provide symptom-
atic relief. A potent antihistaminic with antispasmodic and antiemetic properties, it helps control the
allergic attack whether symptoms are dermal, gastrointestinal, or respiratory. SUPPLIED IN A WIDE
VARIETY OF CONVENIENT ORAL AND PARENTERAL DOSAGE FORMS INCLUDING: KAPSEALS@ OF
50 MG.; CAPSULES OF 25 MG.; ELIXIR CONTAINING 10 MG. PER 4 CC.; STERI-VIAL@ CONTAINING 10
MG. PER CC.; AND 50 MG. PER CC. AMPOULES. DOSAGE: ORAL-ADULTS: 25 to 50 mg. three or four
times daily. High dosage (300 to 400 mg. daily) may be required for some conditions. CHILDREN: One or
two teaspoonfuls of Elixir three or four times daily. PARENTERAL-10 to 50 mg. intravenously or deeply
intramuscularly, not to exceed 400 mg. daily. PRECAUTIONS: Avoid subcutaneous or perivascular injection.
Single parenteral dosage greater than 100 mg. should be avoided. Persons who have become drowsy on
this or other antihistamine-containing drugs, or whose tolerance is not known, should not engage in
activities requiring keen response while using BENADRYL. Hypnotics, sedatives, or tranquilizers, if used
with BENADRYL,should be prescribed with caution because of possible additive effect. Diphenhydramine
has an atropine-like action which should be considered when prescribing BENADRYL. SIDE EFFECTS:
Side reactions, commonly associated with antihistaminic therapy and generally mild, may affect the
nervous, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems. Most frequent reactions are drowsiness, dizziness,
dryness of the mouth, nausea, and nervousness. Detailed information available on request. 10711
I PARKE-DAVIS I
your
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Your own hands are testimony to Dermassage's effectiveness. Applied by your
soft, practiced hands, Dermassage alleviates your patient's minor skin irritations
and discomfort. It adds a welcome, soothing touch to tender, sheet-burned
skin; relieves dryness, itching and cracking. . . aids in preventing decubitus
ulcers. In short, Dermassage is "the topical tranquilizer". . . it relaxes the patient
. . , helps make his hospital stay more pleasant.
You will like Dermassage for other reasons, too. A body rub with it saves your time
and energy, Massage is gentle, smooth and fast. You needn't follow-up with
talcum and there is no greasiness to clean away. It won't stain or soil linens or
bed-clothes. You can easily make friends with Dermassage-send for a sample!
Now available in new, 16 ounce plastic container with convenient flip-top closure.
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 1
IUNE 1967
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professional ...
from head to toe
THE
LINI
REG U 5 PAT. OFf. a CANADA. MADE IN USA
SHOE
CHOOSE FROM 27 WHITE STYlES. SOME AVAILABLE IN COLORS. . . SOME STYlES 3Yz-12 AAAA.E. $16.95 - $21.95
For a complimentary pair of white shoelaces. folder showing all the smart Clinic styles. and list of stores selling them. write:
THE CLINIC SHOEMAKERS . Dept. CN-6, 1221 Locust St.
2 THE CANADIAN NURSE
.
St. Louis, Mo. 63103
JUNE 19.
The
Canadian
Nurse
A monthly journal for the nurses of Canada published
in English and French editions by the Canadian Nurses' Association
Volume 63, Number 6
25 Editorial ...
26 From Institution to Community
27 The Saskatchewan Plan
29 Weyburn Psychiatric Centre
31 Community Psychiatric Nursing
33 Research Nursing in Psychiatry
35 Nursing Education in Malawi
38 Public Health Project in Ontario
40 Idea Exchange
42 Attitudes of Nurses to Nursing
June 1%7
Phyllis E. Jones
F. Grunberg
F. S. Lawson
.. John B. Wright
C. Albert Atkinson
and J. Frank VanKampen
W. Keith Paul
John R. Monaghan
C. G. Costello
The views expressed in the various articles are the views of the authors and do not
necessarily represent the policies or views of the Canadian Nurses' Association.
4 Letters 23 In a Capsule
7 News 45 Research abstracts
18 Names 46 Books
20 Dates 48 Films
22 New Products 49 Accession List
Cover photo shows members of the graduating class at Royal Victoria Hospital,
Montreal. - Photo by Graetz Bros.
Executive Director: Helen K. Mussallem .
Editor: Vlrglnta A. Llndabury . Assistant
Editor; Glennls N. ZlIm . Editorial Assistant:
Carla D. Penn . Circulation Manager: Pter-
reUe Houe . Advertising Manager: Ruth H.
Baumel . Subscription Rates: Canada; One
Year. $4.50; two years. 18.00. Foreign: One
Year. $5.00; two years, $9.00. Single copies:
50 cents each. Make cheques or money orders
payable to The Canadian Nurse. Change of
Address: Four weeks' notice and the old
address as well as the new are necessary. Not
responsible for journats tost in mail due to
errors in address.
@ Canadian Nurses' Association. 1967
I JUNE 1%7
Manuscript Information: 'The Canadian
Nurse" welcomes unsolicited articles. All
manuscripts shoutd be typed, double-spaced.
on one side of unruted paper teaving wide
margins. Manuscripts are accepted for review
for exclusive publication. The editor reserves
the right to make the usual editorial changes.
Photographs (gtossy prints) and graphs and
diagrams (drawn in india ink on white paper)
are welcomed with such articles. The editor
is not committed to publish all articles sent,
nor to indicate defimte dates of publication.
Authorized as Second-Class Mail bv the Post
Office Department, Ottawa. and for payment
of postage in cash. Postpaid at Montrcal.
Return Postage Guaranteed. 50 The Drivewav
Ottawa 4. Ontario. .
Nurses will be among the first to
support the belief that mentally ill
persons deserve the same quality of
care as physicaUy in persons. Nurses
also are in a position to know that
the mentally in do not get
comparative care. Here are some
facts:
. Of aU hospitalized persons, 41
percent are in psychiatric hospitals.
. Almost one-quarter of aU patients
in psychiatric hospitals have been
there for more than 20 years.
. In 1964, the amount spent on
each patient each day in a general
hospital was $28.31; in the mental
institution, it was $7.10.
But the nursing profession also
shares the responsibility for the
comparatively poor standard of care
to the mentaUy in. Here are some
more facts:
. Only five percent of registered
nurses employed in hospitals in
Canada are working in mental
hospitals.
. Only 2,655 graduate nurses are
employed in mental hospitals;
49,811 nurses are in general
hospitals.
. In addition there are 2,746
registered psychiatric nurses
employed in mental hospitals.
. Before psychiatric nursing
programs began to develop and
recruit members into the profession,
mentally in patients were cared for
almost completely by untrained
attendants.
The Canadian Mental Health
Association is currently preparing
a brief for submission to the
federal government concerning the
care of the mentally ill. This brief
win likely outline a plan of action
to develop and stimulate increasingly
effective psychiatric and mental
health services throughout Canada.
Nurses' associations must also be
prepared to take action concerning
nursing care of the mentally in.
If we do not, someone else win.
What wiII our plan of action be?
-G.Z.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 3
letters
{
Letters to the editor are welcome.
Only signed letters will be considered for publication
Name will be withheld at the writer's request.
RNAO protests editorial
Dear Editor:
The Board of Directors of the Registered
Nurses' Association of Ontario directed me
to write to you to protest that part of the
editorial of the April 1967 issue of THE
CANADIAN NURSE, which referred to On-
tario's method of implementing the "Iong-
mooted question of integrating nursing edu-
cation into the general education system."
A very brief review of progress in this area
may help to enlighten those readers who
gained the wrong impression from the
editorial.
I. As far back as 1948, Ontario actively
supported experimentation in nursing edu-
cation by making provision for the approval
of the Metropolitan School of Nursing in
Windsor, so that the Canadian Nurses' As-
sociation-Canadian Red Cross sponsored
demonstration of a two-year nursing cur-
riculum could take place.
2. Since 1960, starting with the Night-
ingale School of Nursing, independent
schools of nursing have been established.
3. The Quo Vadis School of Nursing was
established on the pattern indicated above,
to meet the needs of the mature recruit in-
to nursing.
4. The RNAO has advocated in the re-
cent past, both in the Briefs presented to the
Royal Commission in Health Services and
to the Ontario Committee on the Healing
Arts, that nursing education be integrated
into the general educational system.
5. The stated belief of the RNAO that
nursing education should be integrated into
the general educational system was imple-
mented in 1964, when a school of nursing
was established at The Ryerson Polytechni-
cal Institute in Toronto. This school gra-
duates its first class this May - the only
diploma graduates from a program in a
post-secondary educational institution in
Canada.
6. Briefs have already been submitted to
the departments concerned regarding the
inclusion of schools of nursing in the plan-
ning for Colleges of Applied Arts and
Technology.
It is interesting to note:
1. that Ontario could and did experiment
so widely in the field of nursing education:
2. that this experimentation was carried
out at the wish of a voluntary membership;
3. that this work was shared freely with
colleagues across Canada; and
4. either because of, or in spite of this
fact that Ontario is in a position of accept-
ing (1) something that "is less than second
4 THE CANADIAN NURSE
best." - (Miss) Elsbeth Geiger, President,
Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario.
Ontario's challenge
Dear Editor:
Congratulations to the journal and to
Dr. Helen Mussallem for giving us the facts
on nursing education in Canada (April edi-
torial). As an Ontario nurse, I was more
than a little dismayed to realize that On-
tario is -the one province that is not only
failing to move forward, but which is ac-
tually moving backwards.
Ontario has many events in her nursing
history of which she can be justly proud.
This is the province that pioneered the inte-
grated program of basic nursing education
in the university setting; that was chosen
for the demonstration (at Windsor) that
nurses could be prepared effectively in a
two-year diploma program; that fought for
and achieved legislation giving the nursing
profession control of its own education and
licensing procedures; that established the
first really independent school of nursing
outside a university in Canada (the Night-
ingale School of Nursing); and that imple-
mented a diploma program in nursing with-
in the framework of general education (at
The Ryerson Polythenical Institute).
Can this be the same province that has
allowed the establishment of a new system
of nursing education that, by definition, was
obsolete before it was implemented, that
has been demonstrated to be "less than
second best," and that is incompatible with
the stated beliefs of the nursing profession
in Canada and the recommendations of the
Royal Commission on Health Services that
nursing education ought to be part of the
general education system?
Ontario's rCiional schools of nursing pur-
port to offer a two-year educational pro-
gram followed by a one-year "internship."
The latter, which has been proven unneces-
sary, will be at best a quasi-apprenticeship.
(A true apprenticeship system requires the
presence of master craftsmen to teach and
guide the apprentices; such master crafts-
men in nursing are conspicuous by their
absence in many nursing service situations
where the students from regional schools
will spend their periods of internships). At
worst, the "internship" will be a source of
cheap labor for hospitals.
This nursing education issue in Ontario
was compounded recently when the Board
of Directors of the RNAO endorsed a rec-
ommendation for the establishment of di-
ploma programs in nursing in the new
Colleges of Applied Arts and Technology.
Does this mean that the nurses of Ontario
want single-purpose regional schools of nurs-
ing under the general jurisdiction of the
provincial department of health as well as
nursing courses within the general education
system? Do the 50,000 nurses in Ontario
know what they want or indeed, do they
even care? Certainly their silence on this
issue is ominous.
The handwriting is on the wall. Unless
the nurses of Ontario state their beliefs and
act upon them immediately, their hard-won
autonomy will be lost and nursing educa-
tion in the province will be set back S(J
years.
The rest of Canada has shown Ontario
the way. Our future depends on how
meet their challenge. - M. Josephine Fla-
herty, Toronto, Ontario.
Ideas for journal
Dear Editor:
Since leaving active nursing, I have found
THE CANADIAN NURSE a wonderful source
of up-to-date information. The "Letters" sec-
tion gives nurses from all parts of Canada
an opportunity to express ideas or to pro-
vide information for others. I believe this is
so essential when programs allover the
country are changing.
Would it be possible to have a page in the
journal each month where a current nursing
issue is printed (eg., shortage of nurses). The
following month, nurses from all regions
could send in their personal views. This
would be another way Canadian nurse
might realize that each of us are faced with
very similar problems in the profession. -
Valerie Northgrave, Ottawa, Onto
Missing journals
Dear Editor:
I would like to hear from any reader.
who can help us locate the following jour.
nals so that we can complete our volume!
for binding: Nursing Outlook, (Feb., May
1965; May, Aug., 1964; Feb., 1963; Apr.
1961; Jan., Apr., Aug., 1960). - (Mrs.:
Margaret Austin, Librarian, School of Nurs.
ing, St. Joseph's Hospital, Guelph, Ontario
Dear Editor:
We are trying to complete our collectior
of Nursing Outlook journals and would ap
preciate hearing from readers who migh
have the following issues: February, May
July, 1960 and April, 1961. - (Miss) Mabe
C. Brown, Librarian, Ottawa Civic Hospita
School of Nursing, Ottawa 3, Ontario.
JUNE 1967
I
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(3) Nurse must procure a syringe and
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Nurse reconstitutes vitamins (often a
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ABBOTT LABORATORIES LIMITEO HALIFAX, MONTREAL. TORONTO. WINNIPEG. VANCOUVER
JUNE 1967
1%:
.38Y
THE CANADIAN NURSE 5
Dermoplast*
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Better than a feather pillow for relief from
postepisiotomy discomfort
Soothing anesthetic spray relieves postepisiotomy surface pain and itching in seconds -
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Composition: Benzocaine. Benzetnomum chlonde. Menthol. 8-HydroxYQulnollne benzoate. and Methylparaben. dissolved In oils
Other indications: For Immediate use In relieving pain preventing infection. and coating burns surface wounds. lacerations
abrasIons. minor operation sites etc Administration: Hold can In a convenIent posItion at least 12 Inches away from affected area
POint spray nozzle and press button forward. Use two or th,ee times dally. or as dIrected by the physIcian A stenle gauze dressing.
'"Iurated with spray. may be applied If thought nece
sary Contraindication: Allergy to benzocaine Note: Chemical aCid or
alkali burns should be washed and neutralized before applying DERMOPlAST If d"tls present. spray with DERMOPLAST. then
'1ently wash away dIrt with mild soap solution. nnse thoroughly and respray with DERMOPlAST. Werning: Keep away from eyes
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by laundering with a detergent that does not contain bleach Supply; No 1001. In containers of 3 avdp oz (Prescnptlon Size)
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AYERST LABORATORIES, Division of Ayerst, McKenna & Hamson Limited. Montreal. Canada
8
Mt 1OO/
1I1
6 THE CANADIAN NURSE
JUNE 1967
news
CNA-CMA-CHA To Sponsor
Major Conference in Fall
Toronto. - Plans for the First Canadian
Conference on Hospital-Medical Staff Rela-
tions, to take place in Ottawa this fall,
were announced following a meeting of a
CNA-CMA-CHA Steering Committee in
mid-April.
The ten-member steering committee had
been formed following discussions of the
Liaison Committee of the medical, nursing
and hospital associations, a permanent group
that meets to discuss interdisciplinary mat-
ters. Boards of Directors of the three or-
ganizations had ratified the proposal for a
steering committee to investigate the pro-
posed conference.
Main theme of the conference would
concern the improvement of communications
between the chief of medical staff, the
hospital administrator, and the director of
nursing. Sub-topics of the conference also
suggested for the program concerned prob-
lems of medical staff organization, main-
tenance of high quality of patient care, and
relationships between hospitals :md govern-
ment.
Hospitals sending delegates to the con-
ference would be asked to ensure that the
chief of medical staff, hospital director,
and nursing director would all attend. It
was suggested that if all three represent-
atives could not attend, then the hospital
would be ineligible to send delegates. The
executive secretary of each of the three
associations in the 10 provinces will also
be invited.
Dates for the proposed three-day con-
ference will be established definitely at
the next planning meeting, but will likely
coincide with Grey Cup celebrations.
Dr. Helen K. Mussallem, executive dir-
ector, CNA, and Miss Margaret D. McLean.
nursing consultant, Department of National
Health and Welfare, will represent CNA
on the planning committee for the confer-
ence.
RNAO Reports Progress
In Collective Bargaining
Toronto. - In a closed session at the
Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario
annual meeting in April, members heard
representatives from 9 hospitals and 17
public health units report on their collective
bargaining activities.
Of the hospital nurses' associations, three
are now certified, and two of these have
signed contracts with their employers; the
remaining six associations plan either to
negotiate on a voluntary basis or apply for
JUNE 1967
Nursing Sister Attends Vi my Celebrations
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Captain (Nursing Sister) Z. M. Sharp, of the National Defence Medical
Centre in Ottawa, attended the memorial services of the Battle of Vimy
Ridge in Vimy, France on April 9, 1967. She was one of three medical per-
sonnel selected to accompany 72 Canadian veterans who participated in the
memorial service. The veterans, ranging in age from 67 to 85 years, were
representatives from the Canadian Battalions that had fought in the World
War I Battle. The trip was sponsored by the Canadian government; the re-
presentatives were chosen by the Canadian Legion. "They were a wonderful
group," Captain Sharp said, "and even the sick ones were well. The trip was
very tiring, of course, and the celebrations were exciting, but everyone
thoroughly enjoyed himself. We even took a night club tour in Paris." Shown
in the photograph are (from left to right); Mr. W. S. Frail, Centreville, Kings
County, Nova Scotia: Mr. J. Forman, D.C.M. and Bar, M.M., M.I.D., Lind-
say, Ontario; and Captain Sharp, Pembrook, Ontario.
certification. (A written agreement, on a
voluntary basis, is equivalent to certification;
however, nurses' associations may decide to
become certified even though they have a
written agreement, since formal certification
provides more security and guards again
t
possible policy changes with a new, incom-
ing hospital or public health board.)
Six public health units in Ontario are
certified; five are negotiating on a voluntary
basis; and six either are awaiting certifi-
cation or are in the initial stages of organ-
ization.
Four health units have been grey-listed
by RNAO in the past year. In Ontario and
Peel Counties, grey-listing was lifted when
satisfactory contracts were obtained by the
nurses. Halton and the United Counties
of Stormont Dundas and Glengarry remain
grey-listed until their situation is similarly
settled. According to RNAO officials, not
one registered nurse has accepted a posi-
tion in any health unit grey-listed by
RNAO, although in all four cases efforts
were made by the employer to fill staff va-
cancies.
Under the Ontario Labour Relations Act,
nurses wishing to bargain collectively. must
form local nurses' associations in individual
employing agencies. To date, no action has
been taken in the legislature to pass the
Nurses' Collective Bargaining Act, 1965
(presented to the government by RNAO in
February, 1965) or to amend the present
Labour Relations Act, making it more suit-
able for a profession.
VON General Meeting
Held in Ottawa
Ottawa. - "A job well done" is how
Mr. G. B. Rosenfeld, senior consultant in
hospital admini
tration and insurance with
the Department of National Health and
Welfare, described the work of the Victorian
Order of Nurses for Canada over the past
70 years. Speaking at the 69th annual meet-
THE CANADIAN NURSE 7
news
ing of the board of governors and gen-
eral meeting of members, held May 4 and
5, 1967 at the Chateau Laurier Hotel in
Ottawa, Mr. Rosenfeld said that he was im-
pressed by "the analysis and introspection
that the VON has undergone in its self
evaluation."
"Agencies in the health field are in the
spotlight and have many advantages" he
continued. "Industries and commercial or-
ganizations would pay millions to create a
demand for their products. Health agencies
have this demand . . . and the health of
residents of Canada is our goal."
President of the Canadian Nurses' Asso-
ciation, Reverend Sister Mary Felicitas,
congratulated the VON on its accomplish-
ments during the past year. "Over 100
branches with 700 nurses made 1,300,000
visits to patients in their homes," sbe said.
Fetal Heart Monitors
In Use in Montreal
Montreal. - Obstetrical patients at the
Jewish General Hospital will benefit from
the first fetal heart monitoring system to be
installed in a Montreal hospital. The ad-
vantage of the system - instituted at the
hospital at the end of April - is that it
evaluates the viability of the fetus and
discerns fetal distress on a continuous basis.
"It is rare to lose a baby during labor,"
said Dr. Morrie M. Gelfand, Chief of the
hospital's Department of Gyneçology and
Ohstetrics. "But with this system, we hope
to make the possibility rarer still."
The fetal heart sound monitoring system
consists of twelve microphones, a rubber
strap. a complicated wiring system, an am-
plifier, selector switch, oscilloscope, and a
cardiotachometer equipped with an alarm.
The obstetrician takes the first step in using
the system by locating the spot on the
mother's abdomen where the fetal heart
beats are strongest. The microphone is then
affixed to the spot with a rubber strap.
Long, walled-in wires connect the micro-
phone to the amplifier situated in the nur-
ses' station where, by turning the selector
switch, attending nurses can "tune in" to
the heart beats in anyone of 12 labor
rooms, hear them over the amplifier and
"see" them on the oscilloscope. When irre-
gularities occur, the nurses hear them and
see them at once.
Finally, the upper and lower limits of
normal fetal heart beats are set on the
cardiotachometer. When these limits are
transgressed, the cardiotachometer sets off
an alarm so that the medical staff is auto-
matically alerted and therapy time maxi-
mized.
"Community Health in Canada"
Theme for CPHA Meeting
Ottawa. - An appraisal of community
health in Canada after a century of
scientific and technological advances and a
projeçtion of community health care needs
in the next century formed the theme of
the 58th Annual meeting of the Canadian
Public Health Association. The meeting,
held jointly with the Ontario Public Health
Association, was held in Ottawa at the
Chateau Laurier on April 25-27.
- ,
l-' 1. 1
,
":.
Dr. M.G. Candau, director-general of the
World Health Organization, brought greet-
ings from his organization, and addressed
the delegates at a luncheon assembly. He
praised Canada's contributions to WHO
and especially praised the contributions 01
nurses. "Canadian nurses have carried their
skills and their gifts of organization, man-
agement and teaching to all quarters of the
globe," he said. He particularly stressed the
need for health personnel in the developing
countries.
In the afternoons, the group divided into
sections according to interest of the dele-
gates.
The newly released Statement of Func-
tions and Qualifications for the Practice oj
Public Health Nursing in Canada was the
subject of the panel presentation to the
Public Health Nursing Section on the first
afternoon.
The results of a study on activities of
nursing personnel in six health units were
presented to the nursing section at the
second afternoon session. Miss Verna M.
Huffman, public health nursing consultant
in the Department of National Health and
Welfare, reviewed the findings. She noted
that the one-third of nursing time was
spent in nursing service, one-third of all
nursing time was spent in the health unit
office, and 40 to 50 percent of all nursing
time was spent on activities that involved
no patient contact.
In commenting on the study, Miss Huff-
man indicated that, as suggested in the
CPHA Statement of Functions and Quali-
fications, certain activities now performed
by public health nurses could be assigned
(Continued on page Il)
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Dr. Morrie M. Gelfand, Chief, Department of Obstetrics
and Gynecology, Montreal's Jewish General Hospital, and
a patient show how the fetal heart sound monitoring sys-
tem's microphone picks up the fetal heart beats and re-
lays them to an amplifier in the central nursing stat
on
where it is "seen" and heard as often as the staff desire.
8 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Tuning in to anyone of twelve labor rooms, a nurse can
hear the heart beats on the amplifier (bottom left) and
"see" them on the oscilloscope (top right). Upper and
lower limits of babies' normal heart beats are set on the
cardiotachometer (bottom right). If these limits are ex-
ceeded, a sound alarm goes off to warn medical staff.
JUNE 1967
For one hundred years cotton gauze
has been the basic material in most
hospital dressings
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Open this folder to see how
have made ordinary gauze
slightly old-fashioned
\
Johnson & Johnson suggests four ways to use
new Sofnet* Gauze
\,
1. Burns. Hospital tests show Sofnet'" Gauze greatly reduces wound
adherence-and so there is less damage to new skin growth when
dressings are changed. It retains a saline. or silver nitrate. solution
far longer than ordmary gauze. Consequently. fewer dressing changes
are required.
......
2. Wet dressings. Sofnet'" Gauze absorbs more solution than ordinary
20 J( 12 mesh gauze and therefore remains moist for longer periods of
time. Consequently fewer dressing changes are required. It can be cut to
body shape and is particularly good around drainage tubes. There are no
loose threads to snag on forceps or suture lines.
\
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3. finger spong_so Sofnet'" Gauze can be folded around the finger
very easily. It is non-linting and therefore no lint is left in the wound
or incision. It is extremely absorbent. Laboratory tests indicate it is
twice as absorbent as 20 x 12 mesh gauze. Sofnet'" Gauze is supplied
in a variety of sizes suitable for finger sponges.
4. Flu"s. Sofnet'" Gauze is extremely soft and absorbent. It will not
snag on forceps or suture lines. Sofnet'" Gauze has no loose threads or
ragged edges. It is free from lint drop-out. Your Johnson &. Johnson
representative will be pleased to leave you samples. Please mail
reply card below.
r------------------------------------------,
BUSINESS REPLY CARD
no postage necessary if mailed in Cana
a.
For
samples
and
further
information
please
mail
this
postcard.
LIMITID
Hospttal Division,
2155 Boulevard Pie IX,
MONTREAL 4, Quebec
Uln spite of today's apparent explosion
in their awareness of sex,
young people are not well informed."
A recent study indicated that even
among college girls enrolled in health
education classes knowledge of menstru-
al facts was neither thorough nor accu-
rate. One reason, perhaps, for the lack
of accuracy was the fact that only 8% of
these girls obtained their information
about menstruation from doctors, nurses
or teachers.
Thi
small percentage probably
learned about menstruation because
they asked. Many young girls, however, never ask for
information-because they feel menstruation is not a
subject for discussion outside their homes. (And
sometimes very little information is available within
their homes.) Even the doctor is not likely to be con-
sulted unless the girl is concerned about a possible
abnormality.
One solution to this problem is to make information
on menstruation available to all young girls-whether
l)
"
.,
TAM PAX
tampon4
SAN IT ARY PROTECTION WORN INTERNAllY
MADE ONLY BY CANADIAN TAMPAX CDRPORATlON'LTD.,
BARRIE, ONT.
IUNE 1967
or not they specifically ask for it. Thus,
girls in health and physical education
classes, girls visiting school nurses, girls
at summer camp, girls consulting their
doctors-all should be provided with in-
formation on the normal changes that
are a part of growing up.
To assist you in explaining menstru-
ation to these girls we offer you (without
charge) laminated plastic charts drawn
by Dr. R. L. Dickinson, showing schemat-
ic illustrations of the organs of the female reproduc-
tive system. For the young girl we provide two free
booklets answering her questions about menstruation.
Send for them today. Professional samples of Tampax
menstrual tampons will also be included.
,.
"
-
....
t
..',
1. Israel, S, Leon: Obst. & Gynec. 26:920, 1965. 2. Larsen,
VIrginia L.: J. Am M. Women's A. 20:557, 1965.
Canadian Tampax Corporation limited,
P.O. Box 627, Bame, ant.
Please send free a set of Dickinson charts, copies of the two booklets,
a postcard for easy reordering and samples of Tampax tampons.
Name
Address
CN-I
THE CANADIAN NURSE 9
Do you feel adequately prepared to care for the patient with a kidney transplant?
Are you familiar with the newest techniques in care of the severely burned patient?
Are you certain of all the factors for properly preparing a patient for a corneal transplant?
Do you know what causes regression and how to control it?
Do you know how to alleviate your patient's sleep problems?
Because accuracy is a watchword of your profession, you need an authoritative
reference book that can offer you the latest developments in every area of clinical
nursing. Here is the book that meets that need . . . a first in nursing literature . . .
an outstanding new book that shares with you the insight and experience of 28
distinguished contributors as they discuss timely topics iJTIportant to you.
A New Book!
CURRENT CONCEPTS IN CLINICAL NURSING
This practical, timesaving new book is divided into the 4 clinical categories of
nursing: medical-surgical, psychiatric, pediatric, and maternity. An important
chapter on the patient with a corneal transplant outlines the necessary procedures
as well as the goals of postoperative care. Because of the increasing frequency
of organ transplants, a separate chapter explains this topic using the kidney as a
prime example. It clearly describes your role in postoperative management includ-
ing infection.
It provides you with practical, clinical guidance on such recurring problems as:
how to care for the patient with long-anticipated surgical experience; care of the
child with congenital defects or other long-term health problems; how to meet the
needs of the unwed mother, and care of maternity patients in the low socio-eco-
nomic groups. An excellent bibliography of current references offers you the op-
portunity for additional reading.
Up-ta-date, authoritative and completely clinical, this new book can offer sound
new answers to the problems you encounter every day. Order your copy now.
Edited by BETTY BERGERSEN, R.N., M.S.; EDITH ANDERSON, R.N., Ph.D.; MARGARET DUFFEY, R.N., Ph.D.;
MARtON ROSE, R.N., M.A.; MARY LOHR, R.N., Ed.D. with 28 contributon. Publicotion dote: Augu.t, 1967.
Approx. 486 poge., 7" x 10", 42 iIIustrotion.. About $17.30.
A New Book!
DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES IN GASTROENTEROLOGY
With Nurses Notes and Supplements on Instructions to Patients and Dietary Treatment
If your duties require a knowledge of gastrointestinal less it contains a wealth of clinical information that can
diagnostic procedures, this unique new guidebook can give you a better understanding of your profession. Its
help save time and increase your efficiency. Here in one completely up-to-date presentation includes such recent
single source are completely understandable descriptions advences as: pancreatic and hepatic scanning, arterio-
of all current gastrointestinal diagnostic procedures, graphy in diagnosis of pancreatic disease and the gastro
special instructions to be giveri to patients and an im- camera.
portant section containing a variety of special diets. Edited by CHARLES H. BROWN, M.D. With 21 contributors. Publicotion
Although written primarily for the physician, none the-
:t:: c
t
:: l::
t
;8
' 294 poges, 95 iIIustrotions, one 4-poge insert
------ THE C. V. MOSBY COMPANY, LTD
: Publishers ----- l
I 86 Northline Road. Toronto 16, Ontario
I I
I Please send me a copy of the book(s) checked. I understand that I 0 Bill me 0 Payment enclosed I
I have 30 days to decide whether or not I want to keep it (them). If I
I don't, I can return the book(s) and owe nothing. I realize that I
I can save the delivery charges by enclosing my remittance with this R.N. I
order.
I 0 Bergersen et aI, CURRENT CONCEPTS IN CLINICAL NURS- Address I
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I 0 Brown, DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES IN GASTROENTERO- City Zone.. ..... Provo I
LOGY, about $17.30. CN-6-67
L________________________________
10 THE CANADIAN NURSE JUNE 1967
news
(Coll1inued from page 9)
to non-nurse auxiliary staff, and the nurse
freed for nursing services. The use of tape
recorders, dictaphones and other mechan-
ical aids were also advocated as "nurse-
savers."
Copies of some of the addresses given
at the meeting will be available for loan
from the CNA Library. Please watch the
Accession Lists for notice of receipt of the
conference proceedings.
One School of Nursing
One Local Hospital
Recommended for PEl
Charlottetown. - One centralized school
of nursing to serve the entire province and
a merger of the two local hospitals in one
location, under one ownership and adminis-
tration were among the recommendations
of the Agnew Report on Hospital and
Medical Facilities in Prince Edward Island,
tabled in the provincial legislature last
month.
The centralized school would do away
with the existing schools at the Charlotte-
town and Prince Edward Island hospitals
in Charlottetown and the Prince County
hospital in Summerside.
The report suggest that the centralized
program could probably be located in Char-
lottetown and says that facilities would
need to be provided to accomodate ap-
proximately 100 students at a time or even
more.
"A use of all the local facilities in Char-
lottetown would make an impressive total
used jointly," the report stated. It reviewed
the facilities for nursing education now
available in the three hospitals and sug-
gested that a centralized school make use
of all local facilities in Charlottetown, in-
cluding the Sanatorium, which the report
indicated could be made available in the
near future. It recommended that science
education be obtained from one of the
province's two universities, St. Dunstan's or
Prince of Wales.
In recommending the merger of the local
hospitals, the report suggested that the site
of the present P.E.I. hospital be considered
as the home for the new combined facility.
Additional buildings, it goes on to say,
should be constructed on adjacent prop-
erty. The report indicates that there is some
urgency in deciding on the merger because
of existing problems.
If the merger of the two Charlottetown
hospitals becomes fact, the report recom-
mends that the Charlottetown Hospital be
considered for use as a chronic care hos-
pital for concentrated care of those with
chronic or terminal diseases that are too
complicated for care in the new homes for
the aged established in the province.
JUNE 1967
.
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"
J
.....
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/
M,iss Frances Howard and Mr. G.A. Hillier, (standing) conference leaders,
discuss aspects of problem-solving techniques with group members (seated left
to right) Mrs. Christine O'Neill, Miss Corrie Lebucette, and Miss Margaret
Beswetherick, at the Halifax Nursing Service Workshop.
Integrated Educational Programs
Favored by RNAO
Toronto. - Delegates attending the April
annual meeting of the Registered Nurses'
Association of Ontario approved a resolu-
tion that endorses the integration of dip-
loma schools of nursing in the province's
Colleges of Applied Arts and Technology.
The resolution stated that the system of
separate, single-purpose institutions under
the general jurisdiction of the provincial
department of health - as exemplified by
regional schools of nursing in Ontario -
is incompatible with the stated beliefs of
the profession. The resolution urged the
RNAO to discourage the establishment of
new regional schools, encourage the inte-
gration of present regional schools with
the Colleges, and support the establishment
of new diploma programs in nursing in
the Colleges.
In approving the resolution, delegates
were in accord with the opinions expressed
earlier by luncheon speaker Dr. D. Mc-
Cormack Smyth, Dean of the Joseph E.
Atkinson College. York University, Toronto.
Dr. Smyth said that the "fortress approach
to education," where disciplines remain iso-
lated from each other, is not in the best
interests of education. "I don't favor unif-
ication of education," he said, "but I do
favor integration."
Speaking in favor of the resolution dur-
ing the discussion period, Dr. Helen Mc-
Arthur, past president of the Council of the
College of Nurses of Ontario, told RNAO
members that they should not feel they
were being disloyal to present or past pat-
terns of education by approving changes
for the future.
As a result of another resolution ap-
proved by delegates, RNAO will urge the
College of Nurses of Ontario to invest-
igate the feasibility of having the Nurses'
Act amended to include a maturity clause
in the regulations for admission of stu-
dents to schools of nursing.
First Nursing Service
Workshop A Success
Halifax. - Fifty-eight nurses from the
four Atlantic provinces attended a Work-
shop for Directors and Assis
ant Directors
of Nursing Service in Hospitals in Halifax
April 11-14 to reinforce skills in problem
solving. The Workshop was sponsored by
the Canadian Nurses' As
ociation; the Re-
gistered Nurses' Association of Nova Scotia
participated in the planning. This was the
first of six regional nursing service work-
shops to be held in 1967.
Problems raised by the audience - such
as discipline, difficulties in rotation of staff,
poor attendance at staff meetings - were
used in group discussion. Mr. G.A. Hillier,
industrial relations officer, Nova Scotia
Light and Power Corporation, was group
leader for the workshop. He used case
studies to illustrate steps in problem solv-
ing and to provide the group with opport-
unities to break the problem down into
basic areas for intensive problem analysis
and decision making.
His objective was to permit represent-
atives to identify and think about manage-
ment and administrative activities that oc-
cupy the time of directors and assistant
directors in the nursing service situation.
"The group work was most effective and
the growth of skill, knowledge, and under-
standing of problem solving techniques was
apparent during the four days," said Miss
F-rances Howard, CNA consultant in nurs-
ing service, workshop director.
Nurse speakers at the Workshop, Miss
Howard, Mrs. A. Isobel MacLeod, director
of nursing, The Montreal General Hospital,
and Miss Joan Gilchrist, assistant professor,
School for Graduate Nurses, McGill, all
developed the same general theme. "Nurs-
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12 THE CANADIAN NURSE
news
ing service must develop a pattern by which
nurses can practice individual patient care:'
said Miss Howard. "Directors of nursing
service face the greatest challenge yet -
the creation of an environment that allows
nurses freedom to practice nursing in its
true meaning."
Bilingual Health Education
In New Brunswick
Ottawa. - Production, editing, and dis-
tribution of publications on public health
in New Brunswick has been assigned to a
bilingual public health educator. Translation
services recently established by the provin-
cial government will also make things easier
for the health education service.
Mr. A.A. Maillet, director of public
health education, New Brunswick Depart-
ment of Health and member of the provin-
cial Subcommittee on Physical Education,
told delegates attending the 58th annual
convention of the Canadian Association of
Public Health and the Ontario Association
of Public Health, which took place in Ot-
tawa from April 25th to April 27th, of the
bilingual program. He further explained
how the sanitary program was put into
action by his department and what mea-
sures had been taken to provide satisfactory
health education services.
The education service provides public
health nurses with the necessary materials
to inform and advise the lay public.
The population of New Brunswick is 60
percent English speaking and 40 percent
French speaking. The province is divided
into five districts. two of which are English
speaking, two, French speaking and one.
bilingual.
UBC To Offer
Master's Program
Vancou
'er. The Sen3te of the
University of British Columbia has approv-
ed a program leading to the degree of
Master of Science in Nursing (M.S.N.).
Designed to prepare selected persons for
leadership roles in nursing, this new pro-
gram will provide opportunity to study the
nature and effect of nursing practice in a
selected clinical area, and to explore the
theoretical foundations of a selected func-
tional role such as teaching or administra-
tion.
For full-time students, the program will
extend over a period of two academic years.
Part-time students must spend at least one
year in full-time attendence. and should
complete all requirements within five yean
of the initial registration.
Contingent upon the availability of requir-
ed faculty, it is anticipated that this program
will get underway in the fall of 1968. In
the meantime. however. interested indivi-
duals might submit their educational docu-
ments and other required materials for as-
sessment and, if indicated, proceed with
some courses such as those that may be
required to make up deficiencies for admis-
sion, or appropriate elective courses offered
by other departments of the university.
Requests for further information should
be directed to the School of Nursing, Uni-
versity of British Columbia, Vancouver 8.
B.C.
Keep Bargaining Units as Large
As Possible, U.s. Nurse Says
Torolllo. - The stability of a nurses
collective bargaining unit comes from head
nurses and supervisors, a U.S. nurse told
members of the Registered Nurses of Onta-
rio at their annual meeting in April.
Alice Y. Conlon, associate executive di-
rector of the Massachusetts Nurses' Asso-
ciation. said that nurses should fight to keep
bargaining units as large as possible. "Why
should head nurses and supervisors be ex-
cluded from bargaining units?" she asked.
"They do not hire, fire, or set personnel pol-
icies. They add stability to a collective
bargaining unit," she added, "since they
change jobs less frequently than general
duty nurses."
In Ontario, to date, only two hospital
nurses' associations have been able to in-
clude head nurses in their bargaining unit.
Refresher Courses in Quebec
Montreal. During April, District
11 of the Association of Nurses of the
Province of Quebec (English section) organ-
ized refresher courses to aid the return to
duty of non-practicing nurses. The courses
took place at the Jeffrey Hale Hospital in
Quebec City. Forty-three nurses attended.
Modern techniques of basic patient care,
use of modern equipment, methods to im-
prove nurse-patient relationships, and mod-
ern rehabilitation techniques were the sub-
jects discussed. Before returning to practice,
nurse candidates will be required to parti-
cipate in some practical work.
Guest speakers included: Misses Elizabeth
Logan, Helen McCallum and Lorine Besel.
Sister Mary Felicitas, and Drs. R.F. Mac-
Rae, P. Kozak, and D.W. Macmillan.
Nurses specializing in any of the fields
and interested in the new techniques were
also invited to take part in this workshop.
B.C. Psychiatric Nurses
Seek Salary Raises
New Westminster, B.C. - More than
1,000 psychiatric nurses .md some 150
registered nurses employed in the Provincial
Mental Health Services of British Columbia
are presently engaged in salary negotiations
with the govel nment of the province of
British Columbia. The economic security
campaign was initiated in October, 1966
and is still proceeding after a mass resigna-
tion of over 900 psychiatric nurses was
JUNE 1967
news
averted early in April.
The psychiatric nurse group had originally
asked for salary increases of 25 percent.
The B.C. Civil Service Commission's rec-
ommendations, given early in March, offer-
ed a 7.7 to 8.3 percent raise. In a secret
ballot mail vote the 1000 psychiatric nurses
rejected the Commission's recommenda-
tions by a 93 percent majority.
At that time the RPNs requested binding
arbitration.
On April 7, 1967 the B.C. government
announced the establishment of a Fact
Finding Panel. This panel would be com-
posed of one representative named by the
psychiatric nurses' group, one by the Com-
mission, and an impartial chairman. Rec-
ommendations will not be binding.
According to a recent press release from
the Psychiatric Nurses' Association, the exe-
cutive have agreed "reluctantly." "The exe-
cutive were reluctant to make their recom-
mendation because past studies and boards
that had recommended in favor of the em-
ployee group had been ignored," the re-
lease added.
An advisor from the Teamsters' Union
has been named as the psychiatric nurses'
representative to the Panel.
Five Alberta Hospitals Reach
Salary Agreement
Edmonton. - Negotiations that com-
menced last November between Staff Nurse
Associations and Hospital Boards of five
Alberta hospitals have resulted in salary
agreements. The Calgary General Hospital
and four major Edmonton Hospitals have
signed contracts covering a two-year period.
The basic starting salary for general duty
staff nurses in 1967 is $380 a month with
the salary increasing to $395 and $410 after
the first and second increments. The basic
starting salary in 1968 will be $405 with the
first increment raising it to $425 a month.
The starting salaries for head nurses in
1967 and 1968 are $440 and $465 a month
respectively.
These salaries have been agreed to in
settlements between the Calgary General.
the Royal Alexandra, Misericordia, Edmon-
ton General and the University of Alberta
hospitals. However, the Alberta Association
of Registered Nurses has not recommended
the new scale for adoption by all staff
nurses' associations in the province.
The recommendations are in line with the
salary goal set recently by the Canadian
Nurses' Association
RPNs Receive RN Diploma
In New SRNA Program
Regina. - Three registered psychiatric
nurses qualified for admission to the Sas-
katchewan Registered Nurses' Association
JUNE 1967
this spring under a new complementary
program. The new program pennits RPNs
to receive their RN diploma in less time
than was formerly required.
David Hunter, William Ayotte, and Mrs.
Beverley MacBeth are the first to complete
the new shortened course. Nine other psy-
chiatric nurses are currently registered in
the complementary program.
The SRNA developed the course follow-
ing a study of provincial psychiatric pro-
grams in 1964. The first students entered
the program in 1965.
The curriculum is planned so that stu-
dents will meet all requirements for eligibil-
ity to write the provincial RN examinations.
Students must also meet the admission re-
quirements of the school. Hours of instruc-
tion and clinical experience are based on
the differences in RN minimum program
and the RPN program. The minimum
length for the course is 12 months, and the
maximum length, 15 months.
RNAO Express Concern
About Recruitment
Toronto. Recruitment, both into
the profession and into the Association, is
of major concern to members of the Re-
gistered Nurses' Association of Ontario, ac-
cording to outgoing RNAO president Els-
beth Geiger.
In her keynote address at the RNAO an-
nual meeting in April, Miss Geiger remind-
ed delegates that the numbers entering nurs-
ing have remained fairly constant, but in
relation to population growth. the percent-
age of high school graduates entering nurs-
ing has been declining. "What responsibility
has the individual nurse assumed to in-
crease recruitment into nursing?" she asked.
"What pressures have been exerted by
nurses as a group to influence this recruit-
ment?"
Speaking of Association membership, Miss
Geiger said that the problem of recruiting
members gradually has increased since re-
gistration responsibility was vested in the
College of Nurses of Ontario and RNAO
became a separate and entirely voluntary
professional association. "There are two
ways of attacking this problem of num-
bers," said Miss Geiger. "The one that has
been followed is to engage in active mem-
bership recruitment programs, and this has
met with little success. The second . .. is to
offer a program that attracts the interest
and participation of nurses because it is
available to members only," she said.
Delegates' concern about RNAO mem-
bership was expressed in the passing of a
resolution that directs the Association's
Board to aproach the government to enact
legislation making membership in RNAO
compulsory for currently-employed register-
ed nurses.
Present RNAO membership is apprGxi-
mately 13.000.
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 13
news
Public Health Organizations
Could Coordinate Health Services
Ottawa - If modern health services
are to be coordinated, then it is natural to
look to the public health departments to
undertake this role, according to Milton H.
Brown, associate director of the department
of public health. School of Hygiene, Uni-
versity of Toronto. Speaking to the annual
meeting of the Canadian Public Health As-
sociation, held in Ottawa April 25-27, Dr.
Brown said that the three major areas pro-
viding health service are the hospital, the
physicians. and the public health services.
"Coordination to prevent overlappmg and
fragmentation and to promote a more effi-
cient use of skilled personnel is an urgent
need," he said. "Public health with its ad-
ministrative background in coordinating
community health activities would seem to
be a position tG give leadership in this
task," he added.
Dr. Brown also spoke of closer relations
between the physician and public health
nurse in the community.
Later, interviewed with Miss Phyllis Jones.
assistant professor, University of Toronto
School of Nursing, Dr. Brown and Miss
Jones, agreed that the team concept now
used in preparation of health personnel is
leading to closer relationships. They agreed
that current factors that work against co-
operation between the health nurse and the
family physician include: physician unaware
of the community services offered and too
busy to adequately investigate; schools for
health personnel in the past have not pro-
vided enough knowledge of the duties of
other health team members; and current
organizational practicEs are not conductive
to close cooperation.
SPIC Modernizes Structure
Quebec. - Representatives of the Syndicat
des infinnières catholiques (SPIC) (Syndicate
of Catholic Nurses of Quebec) have agreed,
in principle, to modernize the structure of
their bargaining unit to bring all the small
groups throughout the province into a single
unit. The agreement, which resulted from
discussions April 27 and 28 at Maison
Montmorency near Quebec City, will be
submitted to members for approval at their
next general meeting.
The new structure calIs for a provinsial
executive committee made up of members
elected by delegates at the general meeting
Furthennore, a provincial committee of
regional representatives will be establi
hed.
Members of the executive committee will be
members ex-officio of the provincial com-
mittee. Thus, democratic principles will be
preserved and district representation will be
assured.
These new structures are very much like
those of the Corporation of Catholic Teach-
ers and the Canadian Nurses' Association.
Miss Gertrude Hotte, President, told 94
"Hello Nurses" at Expo 67
-:.'''- ,.
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.
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Graduate and students nurses serving in the "Man and His Health The,.me
Pavilion" during Expo 67 had a special opportunity to meet Carol Ch
nnlng,
star of the Broadway musical hit "Hello Dolly" after perform.ances given. at
the World Festival during Expo. Here Miss Channing poses In the dressing
room with Stella Driscoll, R.N., Charlottetown, P.E.I., .Ann Spea
man, S.N.,
Hamilton, Ontario, Ginette Rheault, S.N.! Montreal, Rita J. Lussle.r,. B.Sc.N.
(Senior coordinator for the C.N.A. ProJect), Mo,!treal, a.nd Patrl
LQ Innes,
SN., Regina. Miss Driscoll is wearing the specwlly-desll!ned umform for
graduate nurses at the C.N.A. Nurses' station. Nurses serv
ng at the C.N.A.
booth are guests of White Sister Uniforms Inc. at world festival performances.
14 THE CANADIAN NURSE
attending nurses that the meeting had been
caIled to settle certain difficulties in enforce-
ment of coIlective bargaining and to inform
members of reorganization principles.
Nursing Scholarship
To Honor Dorothy Percy
Toronto - A new nursing scholarship
will be awarded annuaIly at the University
of Toronto in honor of Miss Dorothy M.
Percy. The award. expected to be about
$250 annuaIlY' will be presented for the
first time this September, Miss G. Vivian
Adair, chairman of the fund-raising com-
mittee, told THE CANADIAN NURSE in an in-
terview.
The scholarship fund was established by
friends and coIleagues of Miss Percy who
wished to make some tangible acknowledge-
ment of her many contributions to nursing.
Miss Percy, who served for 20 years as
chief nursing consultant, Department of Na-
tional Health and Welfare, retired in Jan-
uary of this year. Other highlights of her
distinguished nursing career are: assistant
superintendent of the Victorian Order of
Nurses for Canada; lecturer, University of
Toronto School of Nursing; service in Ca-
nadian Anny Medical Corps for which she
received several decorations and was dis-
charged with the rank of Captain (Matron);
secretary of the Division of Health, Welfare
Council of Greater Toronto; supervisor of
counseIlors, Civil Service Health Division.
The scholarship will be awarded to an
experienced registered nurse with demon-
strated leadership potential for study at
either the bachelor's or master's level at the
University of Toronto. Funher infonnation
for candidates may be obtained by writing
to the School of Nursing.
Contributions to the Dorothy M. Percy
Scholarship Fund can be sent to Mr. L.R.
Purvis, Director of Student Funds, Simcoe
HaIl, University of Toronto. Receipts for
income tax purposes will be given for do-
nations over $2.00.
Two Good Uses
Montreal - Surgical equipment donated
to the first aid stations at Expo 67 will be
sent to hospitals in Africa at the conclusion
of the six-month world exhibition.
The equipment was supplied by the Sal-
vation Anny, and will go to the Army's
African hospitals.
Automation Will be
"A Fact of Life"
Toronto - Introducing her talk "The
Maintenance of Quality of Nursing Service
with Automation" at the annual meeting of
the Registered Nurses' Association of On-
tario in April, Margaret D. McLean sug-
gested that the title of her address was a
misnomer.
"I am not interested in the maintenance
of the status quo," said Miss McLean, a
nursing consultant with the Department of
National Health and Welfare, "nor am I in-
,UNE 1967
news
terested in maintaining the quality of some
of the nursing service and nursing care that
I see in this country. However, I am inter-
ested in improving the nursing care pa-
tients receive. and in optimizing the utiliza-
tion of nursing personnel," she added.
Miss McLean was one of three guest
speakers whose theme for the day was "Au-
tomation - Nursing Inhibitor or Nursing
Facilitator?"
According to Miss McLean, automation
can become a nursing facilitator only if
nurses are prepared to accept and use it. "I
keep thinking of a game I played as a
child," she said, "in which the person who
was 'it' said: 'Ready or not, you will be
caught.' And whether nurses are ready to
Use automation to facilitate a high quality
of nursing care or not, we will be caught up
in a future in which automation is a fact
of life."
Miss McLean pointed out that automation
itself does not ensure high quality nursing
care. Each nurse must be educated by self
or others so that she understands what is
meant by "quality nursing care" and knows
how to give it, she said.
Other speakers at the automation session
were: Lloyd F. Detwiller, consultant-admi-
nistrator, Health Sciences Center, University
of British Columbia; and Elmina M. Price,
nurse researcher, St. Luke's Hospital. St.
Paul, Minnesota.
BC Staff Representatives
Discuss Collective Bargaining
Vancouver. - A two-day educational
conference and group discussion was held
early in April by representatives from
the 78 B.C. staff groups actively engaged
in collective bargaining under the prov-
incial nurses' association.
The conference, sponsored by the Reg-
istered Nurses Association of B.C., was
the first that brought all staff representatives
together at one time to discuss collective
bargaining.
A similar meeting will be held at least
once in each contract period.
The first day was devoted mainly to dis-
cussion of new trends in labor-management
relations. Dr. Noel Hall of the Department
of Commerce at the University of British
Columbia, spoke on principles and tech-
niques of bargaining and on labor laws.
Mr. R. A. Mahoney, president of Manage-
ment Research (Western) Limited, reviewed
recent settlements in labor disputes.
Miss Glenna Rowsell, CNA consultant on
social and economic welfare, reviewed the
national picture on nurses' employment
relations.
The RNABC, as the certified bargaining
authority for 78 groups of nurses, negoti-
(Conttnued on page 17)
JUNE 1967
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16 THE CANADIAN NURSE
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nate the enema routine. One small suppository is inserted
in seconds. You like the simplicity and convenience-
patients are grateful to be spared the ordeal of an enema.
Dulcolax Suppositories usually act in 15 minutes to 1 hour,
so you can time evacuations and reduce accidents. You
can finish the whole ward in less time, with less effort,
less soiled linen.
Boehringer Inge1heim Products
Division of Geigy (Canada) Limited. Montreal
B-5113-65
JUNE 1967
news
(Coll1;lIl1ed from pa!!e /5)
ates collective agreement
with employers
of nurses. The agreements are signed by the
Registered Nurses' Association and the indi-
vidual employers.
The Association's recommended personnel
practices are subject to ratification at the
RNABC's annual meeting and are used as
the basis for collective bargaining.
Need to Eradicate
Not Control, TO
Ottawa. - The health professions should
eradicate tuberculosis. not control it. nurses
attending the Canadian Tuberculosis Asso-
ciation's Centennial Nursing Institute on
Respiratory Disease on April 21 were told
by guest speaker John W. Davis.
Dr. Davis, medical consultant with the
Division of Epidemiology, National Health
and Welfare, said that even with present-
day knowledge of tuberculosis. over 5.000
cases of the disease are being diagnosed
annually. and of these approximately 66
percent are in the moderately or far ad-
vanced stages. Medical personnel should
focus their attention on the current failure
to eradicate the disease. rather than on
past successes. he said.
At the afternoon session, delegates to the
conference heard public health. V.O.N..
and hospital nllrses speak about the care of
patients with respiratory disease. The phil-
osophy of this care. elaborated on by Mrs.
Geneva Lewis. director of public health
nursing with the Ottawa Health Depart-
ment and chairman of the symposium, is
that the patient remains at home. receiving
his long-term care within the community,
and is hospitalized only for acute phases
of his illness. Other symposium participants
were Mrs. G. Shouldice. head nurse at the
Royal Ottawa Sanatorium; Miss Isobel Sim-
ister, district director, Ottawa Branch.
V.O.N.; and Mrs. Helen O'Connell, senior
public health nurse at the Eastview Health
Department.
Nursing sections of the Canadian Tuber-
culosis Association. organized on a nation-
al level in 1929. also are established in
provincial associations in British Columbia.
Alberta. Quebec. and Ontario.
Kellog Foundation
Gives Grant to WHO
BATTLE CREEK, MICH. - Over a
three-year period. the Federation of World
Health Foundations will use a grant of
$418.200 from the W.K. Kellogg Founda-
tion for support during its development
period. The Federation, which has head-
quarters at Geneva, Switzerland, was creat-
ed by the World Health Organization to
serve as a central mechanism of coopera-
tion and coordination for national World
Health Foundations recently established in
the United States, United Kingdom. Canada.
and Switzerland, and planned for Japan,
Sweden, Germany, larger nations of Latin
America, and possibly other countries.
These foundations are autonomous. legal
entities created to seek gifts and grants
for the development of systematic voluntary
support for world health.
Certification List Expands
Montreal. - The United Nurses of
Montreal. a collective bargaining unit of
District II of the Association of Nurses of
the Province of Quebec. has now received
certification to negotiate with 23 hospitals
and agencies. The Labour Relations Board
of Quebec has authorized the group to act
on behalf of non-supervisory staff (staff
nurses, assistant head nurses, and teachers
of nursing).
Petitions for certification for seven more
hospitals and agencies have recently been
filed with the Labour Relations Board.
The United Nurses group plan to ask ad-
ministrators of the hospitals and health
agencies to recognize supervisory staff for
purposes of collective bargaining. A preli-
minary meeting has already been held.
Membership in the group includes all
nurses in all categories and positions.
Facts about
Registered
Nurses in
Canada
Ratio: RN's to Population
The graph shows the number of registered nurses licensed to practice per 10,000
population in Canada, 1962-1966. In 1962, the ratio of 1 nurse per 246 persons
in Canada meant that for every 10,000 Canadians there were 41 nurses. In 1966,
the ratio of 1:182 meant that for every 10,000 Canadians there were 55 nurses, or
14 more nurses per 10,000 Canadians.
YEAR
1962
Nurses: 76,183
Population: 18,767,000
1 nurse per 246 Canadians
1963
Nurses: 80,670
Population: 19,093,000
1 nurse per 237 Canadians
1964
Nurses: 88,558
Population: 19,440,000
1 nurse per 220 Canadians
1965
Nurses: 104,349
Population: 19,705,000
1 nurse per 188 Canadians
1966
Nurses: 109,513
Population: 19,919,000
1 nurse per 182 Canadians
Source: Population Estimates: Census Division, Dominion Bureau of Statistics
Number of nurses: Research Unit, Canadian Nurses' Association
JUNE 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 17
names
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RNAO Elects Male President, Albert
W. Wedgery made nursing history
when he was elected president at the
Association's annual meeting in April.
He is the first man to hold this top po-
sition in a provincial association in
Canada. Mr. Wedgery, assistant direc-
tor of the College of Nurses of Onta-
rio, was elected second vice-president
of the RNAO in 1965 and first vice-
president in 1966. The Association's
new president-elect is Laura E. Butler.
A visit to her native British Columbia
means an around-the-world trip for Eleanor
Kunderman, nursing advisor to India for
the World Health Organization. Her office
in Madras, India, is exactly half-way
around the world; she can come home by
the Pacific and return by the Atlantic. It
was during the return stretch of this voyage
that she visited CNA House in Ottawa.
Miss Kunderman is a graduate of the
school of nursing of St. Paul's Hospital,
Vancouver. In 1956 she obtained her B.S.N.
from the University of British Columbia
and in 1963, her M.A. from Teachers Col-
lege, Columbia University, New York.
18 THE CANADIAN NURSE
She held teaching POSItIonS at St. Paul's
and at the Division of Tuberculosis Control
in Vancouver before becoming involved
with WHO in 1959. When first offered the
position as nursing advisor in Tehran, Iran,
she declined, saying she "was no pioneer."
However, she finally did accept the position
and has been with WHO ever since.
After two years, Miss Kunderman decided
to return to the United States for her M.A.
Following completion of her studies in
1963 she went to Ceylon as nursing advisor
to the government for WHO. During her
two-year stay on "that island paradise" she
traveled all over the island visiting the
schools of nursing. By 1965 she had had
enough of the tropics so headed north to
Simla in northern India. Completely sur-
rounded by the Himalayas, Simla is at an
elevation of 7,200 feet. Her two-year stay
was cut short when India and Pakistan
went to war and Miss Kunderman was evac-
uated - "back to the south, to Madras,
and with all my winter clothes."
Her main responsibility in Madras is to
inaugurate a post-basic program at the
University of Madras. The program, sched-
uled to admit its first students this July,
is the first post-basic nursing course in
Madras. It will be sponsored by the World
Health Organization and the Indian govern-
ment will support the nursing students.
"It is extremely important for the under-
developed countries to develop their own
programs since it is much too expensive to
send their nurses to America for both
bachelor and master's degrees," Miss Kun-
derman said.
Floris E. King, field
program and nursing
consultant for the
Canadian Tuberculosis
Association since last
June, visited CNA
House for the first
time in March.
.
Dr. King graduated
from the school of
nursing of the Toronto East General Hos-
pital in 1952 and immediately went on to
obtain her B.Sc.N. from the University of
Toronto in 1955. The next three years she
spent as a public health nurse in the health
department at Etobicoke, Ontario.
Following this, Dr. King attended the
University of Michigan for one year to earn
her master of public health in 1959. She
spent the next five years as program direc-
tor of the Ontario TB Association with
headquarters in Toronto.
She was back at her studies in 1964, this
time at the University of North Carolina.
where she obtained her Ph.D. in January,
1967.
The director
of nursing at Lake-
shore General Hospit-
al, Pointe Claire, Que-
bec, since December
1 is Marguerite Macleod
, a graduate of The
Montreal General Hos-
pital. Mrs. MacLeod
also undertook post-
graduate education in operating room tech-
nique and management at the same hos-
pital in 1964.
Upon receiving her diploma in 1946, she
served for four years as staff nurse in ob-
stetrics, caseroom, and nursery at The Mon-
treal General Hospital. Following this she
went to the Lachine General as a staff
nurse and later became assistant head nurse
in the emergency department. Immediately
prior to her present appointment, Mrs.
MacLeod was supervisor of the operating
room and emergency and central supply
departments at the Lakeshore General Hos-
pital.
Norma Clark joined
the Ontario Hospital
Association staff in
1966 as assistant car-
eers consultant. Mrs.
Clark, a graduate of
St. Joseph's School of
Nursing in Toronto
and of the diploma
course in nursing edu-
cation at the University of Toronto, has
had extensive experience in the field of
nursing education. She has worked at
Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto; Sud-
bury General; St. Joseph's Hospitals in Port
Arthur and Elliot Lake, and also at the
St. Thomas-Elgin General in St. Thomas.
During her stay in Elliot Lake, she de-
veloped the educational program and was
director of the first Registered Nursing As-
sistant course held at that hospital. Her
experience in nursing education is an asset
in her present position, which is devoted
to recruitment into hospital careers. This
involves contact with hospital personnel,
guidance teachers and students in both de-
mentary and secondary schools.
JUNE 1967
Kathleen C. Wood,
a native of MacNutt,
Saskatchewan. has
been director of nurs-
ing at York ton Union
Hospital. Saskatche-
wan, since September,
1966. Mrs. Wood is it
graduate of the school
of nursing of the
Ontario Hospital, New Toronto. She also
holds a diploma in psychiatric nursing
which she earned prior to becoming a re-
gistered nurse, and a diploma in teaching
and supervision, which she received in 196 I
from the University of Saskatchewan.
Immediately prior to her appointment as
director of nursing at Y orkton Union Hos-
pital. Mrs. Wood acted as director of edu-
cation for one year. From 1962 to 196.5,
she was director of nursing for Y orkton's
Psychiatric Centre and was responsible for
establishing the nursing program. She has
had a variety of other experience as clinical
instructor, supervisor, and general and pri-
vate duty nurse.
Mrs. Wood has been active in the Sask-
atchewan Registered Nurses' Association
and on the curriculum committee with the
Department of Education.
'-
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..
Alice C. Mills, a
graduate of the Wel-
lesley Hospital, To-
ronto, has been ap-
pointed regional nurs-
ing supervisor for the
Saskatchewan Depart-
ment of Public
Health. Miss Mills
also attended the Mar-
garet Hague Maternity Hospital, Jersey
City, New Jersey where she obtained a di-
ploma in obstetrical nursing in 1949. Fol-
lowing this she attended McGill University
for two years to earn her B.N.
In 1956 she went to England where she
became certified as a state midwife.
Miss Mills has served as chairman of the
Committee on Public Relations with the
Saskatchewan Registered Nurses' Associa-
tion and with the nursing service committee,
Prince Albert Chapter, of which she was
also president last year.
, ..J'r:
-
Vera E. Griffith, cur-
riculum coordinator at
Victoria Hospital,
London, Ontario, has
been appointed direc-
tor of the school of
nursing.
Miss Griffith, a 19.5.5
graduate of Kingston
General Hospital
School of Nursing, received her B.Sc.N.
from Queen's University, Kingston, the
(
tUNE 1967
following year. She has been with Victoria
Hospital since 19.58. as nursing arts teacher
for two years and as librarian for four.
Appointed assistant director at the school
of nursing of Victoria Hospital is Lottie
Smith, a 1937 graduate of the school of
nursing of the Kingston General Hospital.
Miss Smith has a certificate from Sloane
Hospital for Women, Columbia Presbyterian
Medical Center. New York City, a diploma
from the University of Toronto in clinical
supervision, and a B.Sc.N. from the Univer-
sity of Western Onario.
After joining the staff of Victoria Hospital
in 19.58, she was appointed senior nursing
instructor, a post she held for seven years.
She then served as clinical coordinator for
a year and as acting assistant director dur-
ing the last year.
Vivian Kirkpatrick has been appointed
professor of nursing and director of the new
school of nursing to be established at Lau-
rentian University in Sudbury, Ontario. A
native of Toronto. Dr. Kirkpatrick will
begin her duties at Laurentian University on
the first of May.
She is a nursing graduate of Women's
College Hospital in Toronto. She holds cer-
tificates in public health nursing and in in-
dustrial nursing from the University of To-
ronto, and her bachelor of nursing degree
in public health nursing supervision and ad-
ministration from McGill University. Dr.
Kirkpatrick received both her master of
education and her doctor of education
degrees from Teachers College, Columbia
University.
Her experience has included service at
Christie Street Military Hospital during the
war and then with the Brant County Health
Unit. She was health supervisor and coor-
dinator at Women's College Hospital in
Toronto.
With the World Health Organization, she
spent two years in Formosa as a teacher
and supervisor, and administered a county-
wide program in maternal and child health.
She then went to India where, under the
Canadian Colombo Plan, she was an ad-
visor in school health and served as a
teacher, consultant and administrator in
hospital administration, ward management
and clinical supervision.
Dr. Kirkpatrick taught public health nurs-
ing at both the University of Western On-
tario and the University of Hawaii. As a
member of the Mental Health Branch of
the Ontario Department of Health, she con-
ducted an intensive and comprehensive sur-
vey of nursing services in Ontario mental
hospitals. She is presently on the staff of
Galesburg State Research Hospital, III. 0
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ostomy
anatomical
demonstrator
"MINI-GUIDE"
"Mini-Guide" allows you to visually and
graphically perform Colostomy, Ileostomy I1eal-
Bladder, Wet Colostomy and Cutaneous Ureterostomy
surgery.
As an instructor, you are afford
d a simple, effective method of teac
ing th
surgical
mechanics and organs involved In ostomy surgery; as a student, you Immediately see
and understand the procedures of ostomy surgery; and as a nurse, you have the per-
fect vehicle for visual demonstrations to the patient who is to undergo ostomy surgery.
The "Mini-Guide" anatomical demonstrator is priced at $1.00 on this money-back
offer 760 CN.
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PORT C:HESTER . NEW YORK
THE CANADIAN NURSE 19
NEW FOR HOSPITALS
the
Autolope
It responds
to heat
treatment.
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When the contents of the enve-
lope are completely sterilized by
the Autoclave, the indicator ink
changes colour. This unique Gage
Autolope is security folded and
pressure-sensitive gummed to
prevent contamination. It was de-
veloped for Autoclaving with the
help of medical, paper, printing,
adhesive, and chemical experts.
The Autolope is available now in
an approved range of sizes. An-
other new envelope idea from. . .
Envelope Division
(i[1
The Company that
enjoys the business it's in.
Envelopes. Stationery. Textbooks
TORONTO. MONTREAL. VANCOUVER
WINNIPEG. KINGSTON. BRANTFORD
20 THE CANADIAN NURSE
dates
June 7, 1967
Manitoba Operating Room Study
Group, one-day symposium, to be
held in conjunction with the Manitoba
Hospital Association Conference and
the Western Hospital Institute at the
Royal Alexander Hotel, Winnipeg,
Manitoba. Theme: What's new?
June 8-9, 1967
Manitoba Association of Registered
Nurses' Annual Meeting to be held in
connection with the Western Regional
Hospital Conference.
June 9-23, 1967
CMA 100th Annual Meeting, Quebec
City, first week; Montreal, 2nd week.
June 12-16, 1967
Canadian Symposium on leisure to be
held at Place Bonaventure, Montreal.
For information write The Secretariate,
2050 Amherst St., Montreal.
June 13-15, 1967
Canadian Dietetic Association, Annual
Meeting and Convention. Chateau
laurier, Ottawa.
June 18-21, 1967
Ottawa Civic Hospital, Centennial
Home Coming. Alumnae or former
associates of the Ottawa Civic Hos-
pital who are interested in the pro-
gram should write to: Executive Dir-
ector, Ottawa Civic Hospital.
lune 24, 1967
St. Joseph's Hospital School of Nurs-
ing, Toronto, Centennial Reunion. Any
graduates who do not receive alum-
nae newsletters, please send name
and address to: St. Joseph's Hospital
School of Nursing Alumnae, 30 The
Queensway, Toronto 3, Ontario.
June 24-luly 3, 1967
International Council of Nurses, Board
of National Representatives to meet
in Evian, France.
July 10-13, 1967
Eleventh Annual Scientific assembly
of the College of General Practice. To
be held at the Hotel Vancouver, Van-
couver, British Columbia.
July, 1967
75th Anniversary, Nova Scotia Hos-
pital School of Nursing, Dartmouth,
N.S. All interested graduates please
contact Mrs. G. Varheff, 20 Ellen-
vale Ave., Dartmouth, N.S.
August 18-20, 1967
Reunion of graduates nurses of St.
Vincent de Paul Hospital, Brockville,
Ontario. Contact: Mrs. Mary O'Neil
Shields, 14 Hollywood Place, Brock.
ville, or Mrs. Kay leFave, 54 Wright
Cres., Brockville.
August 24-29, 1967
International Hospital Federation, Chi-
cago.
August 27-September 2, 1967
First North American Conference on
the Family to be held at laval Univer-
sity, Quebec City. For information, re-
gistration forms, write: Mr. Pierre
Brien, P.O. Box 717, Quebec 4, P.Q.
September, 1967
Registered Nurses Association of Prince
Edward Island, Annual Meeting.
September 15-17, 1967
70th Anniversary, Aberdeen Hospital
School of Nursing, New Glasgow,
Nova Scotia. Write: Mrs. Allison M.ac-
Culloch, R.R. #2, New Glasgow, Pic-
tou Co., Nova Scotia.
Late September, 1967
The Saskatoon City Hospital graduates
in Eastern Ontario are planning a
reunion in St. Catharines, Ontario.
Would graduates of the school in
. Eastern Canada please send names,
year of graduation, and addresses to:
Miss Ruth Schinbein, West Lincoln
Memorial Hospital, Grimsby, Ontario.
October 19-21, 1967
First reunion of graduates of the McGill
School for Graduates Nurses, Mont-
real. For further information write
Moyra Allen, Acting President of the
Alumnae Association, School for Grad-
uate Nurses, 3618 University Street,
Montreal 2, P.Q.
November 16-17, 1967
ANPQ Annual Meeting, Chateau Fron-
tenac, Quebec City.
May, 1968
Ontario Hospital Kingston Nurses
Alumnae 1968 Reunion. All interested
graduates please contact Miss Marie
Peters, Ontario Hospital, Kingston.
JUNE 1%7
You, too, need
plenty of fresh air
and sunshine!
Jet CPA to Hawaii
(for about 10%*down)
And have fun! Hawaii is the
place to let yourself go. To lift
your sagging spirits. To enjoy life
to the fullest. From swinging
Waikiki Beach to the quieter
Neighbour Islands, Hawaii is a
wonderland of sunshine,
surf, coral beaches.
What's more, a holiday in Hawaii
needn't be expensive. There
are ocean-front hotels with
reasonable rates, inexpensive
housekeeping apartments,
even live-in trailers.
See your travel agent or
Canadian Pacific soon.
...
,
. Example down payments - $45.90 tram
Toronto; $40.20 I,om Wmnlpeg; $35.80
tram Calgary; $28.80 t,om Vancouver -
economy excursion round trip.
"
..
.
.
.
Let CPAjet you there.
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CANADIAN PACIFIC AIRLINES
CANADIAN PACIFIC - PLANES' TRAINS' TRUCKS' SHIPS I TELECO......UNICATIONS I WORLD"S ...OST CO"'PLETE TRANSPORTATION SYSTE'"
new products
{
Descriptions are based on information
supplied by the manufacturer and are
provided only aø a service to readers.
Haldol
(McNEIL)
Descritpion - a highly active psychother-
apeutic agent belonging to a new order of
major tranquilizers - the butyrophenones.
Indications - For the control of psycho-
motor agitation, manic states, hallucin-
ations, delirium, confusion, hostility, guilt,
apprehension, anxiety and tension. In vary-
ing degree, these target symptoms are
commonly associated with mental, emo-
tional, and behavioral disorders, such as
schizophrenia, chronic brain syndrome,
alcoholism, senility; mental retardation, and
Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome.
Contraindications In Parkinson's
disease, depressive states, comatose condi-
tions, patients with previous spastic dis-
eases, during the first trimester of preg-
nancy, and children under three years of
age. It should not be used in patients
known to be generally sensitive to drugs.
Side Effects - Neuromuscular (extra-
pyramidal) reactions, such as Parkinson-
like symptoms, akathisia, dyskinesia, dys-
tonia, hyperreflexia, opisthotonos and, oc-
casionally, oculogyric crisis, are the most
frequently reported side effects associated
with the administration of HaldoL Rarely,
heartburn. nausea. and vomiting have been
reported.
Administration - To achieve optimal
results and to avoid unnecessary side ef-
fects, the dosage of Haldol should be
based on the patient's age and physical
condition, the severity of his symptoms,
and his response to treatment. The lowest
recommended dosage should be used initi-
ally. Mental, emotional and behavioral dis-
orders: When symptoms are severe or their
rapid control is desired, Haldol should be
administered intramuscularly. Dosages in
the range of 2.5 to 5.0 mg. are recom-
mended generally, and should be employed
on a pm. basis (but not more frequently
than once every 4 to 6 hours) until the
desired effect is achieved. Thereafter, oral
administration should be initiated in dos-
ages. Obstetrics: A single intramuscular
dose of 2.5 to 5.0 mg., administered during
the first stage of labor with a narcotic
analgesic, usually provides adequate con-
trol of pain, apprehension, nausea and
vomiting in most patients; occasional pa-
tients may require one or more additional
doses of analgesics.
For complete information on dosages,
precautions, and pharmacologic profile, a
file booklet is available from McNeil Lab-
oratories (Canada) Limited, II Green Belt
Drive, Don Mills, Ontario.
22 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Check Drape
(PROFESSIONAL DISPOSABLE PRODUCTS)
Description - Sterile disposable sheets,
designed to control the passage of liquids,
air and bacteria, whenever a sterile field
is required. Particularly applicable for
physicians' and dentists' offices, industrial
first-aid departments, hospitals, and nursing
homes, the 19" by 30" Check Drape is
constructed of five-ply, wove-embossed
facial tissue, interlined with a moisture-
resistant film of polypropylene through the
center. In addition to its protective prop-
erties, the disposable drape sheet eliminates
expensive laundry and handling cost.
For information on availability and cost
write Mr. Frank Conroy, Professional Dis-
posable Products, Inc., 22-28 South 6th
Avenue, Mount Vernon N,.Y. 10550.
Locacorten
(CIBA)
Description - Locacorten is a new type
of difluorinated corticosteroid ester, flum-
ethasone pivalate. Because of the pivalate
radical, its anti-inflammatory action is
concentrated at the site of application. This
local effect on target areas results in a
prompt decrease in inflammation, exuda-
tion, and itching.
Indications - Atopic eczema, contact
dermatitis (primary irritant and allergic),
neurodermatitis, nummular eczema, sebor-
rheic dermatitis, lichen planus, pruritus
ani and vulvae, acute sunburn, psoriasis,
and all acute and chronic skin diseases
amenable to corticosteroid therapy.
Dosage - Apply to the affected areas in
a thin, even film two or three times daily.
Protective dressings may be used, or oc-
clusive dressings for resistant conditions.
After the skin has healed, Locacorten
should be applied at least once daily for a
further period of one to two weeks to pre-
vent recurrence of the disease. Note: When
bacterial infection is present, appropriate
medication should be used concurrently and.
if a favorable response does not occur
promptly, discontinue Locacorten until the
infection has been controlled.
Side-effects - Rarely, mild irritation.
With occlusive dressings, a few cases of
striae of the skin have been reported .
Cautions - In prolonged occlusive ther-
apy, the possibility of metabolic systemic
effects should be kept in mind.
Contraindications - Tuberculosis of the
skin, chicken-pox, post-vaccination skin
eruptions, viral or fungal infections, syphil-
itic skin affections, pregnancy, diseases of
the cornea are contraindications.
For additional information, write to Ciba
Company Limited, Dorval. Quebec.
Hand Protector
(DOW CORNING)
Description - A new silicone lotion that
provides all-day protection for dentists,
nurses, and others against the effects of
repeated hand washing. The new lotion is
applied to clean hands twice daily (morn-
ing and noon) or as often as needed. A
brisk rubbing action is used when applying,
and the product can later be removed with
an abrasive-type soap.
The product protects skin from soap or
detergent and water washing, and remains
longer on the hands to shield the skin from
other irritants. It does not stain clothing.
and allows normal skin transpiration. Dow
Corning hand protector is applied easily,
is non-greasy. and dries quickly.
For further information, write: Dow
Corning Silicones Limited, I Tippet Rd.,
Downsview P.O.. Metropolitan Toronto,
Onto
Literature Available
For the Fastidious is a l3-page booklet
recently published by Winthrop Laborator-
ies and available free of charge. It discusses
feminine hygiene by answering a series of
questions, such as: "What makes a woman
attractive?" "Why do we douche?" "What
is the proper technique?" Requests should
be sent to Mr. J. T. Dentay, Winthrop
Laboratories, Aurora, Ontario.
An Introduction to Family Planning is a
20-page Ìllustrated booklet provided by
Ortho Phannaceutical (Canada) Ltd. It
provides a simple explanation of conception
and the various methods of family plan-
ning. Diagrams of all devices are included.
The last two pages of the booklet outline,
in point form, how to obtain family plan-
ning products. Copies can be obtained from
Ortho Pharmaceuticals (Canada) Ltd., 19
Green Belt Drive, Don Mills. Ontario.
The medical and religious aspects of
family planning are contained in the pub-
lished proceedings of a Symposium Coun-
seling in Family Planning, held April,
1966, for clergy and physicians.
This publication will be of particular
interest to nurses involved in family plan-
ning counseling.
For your personal, free copy, please
write to Miss E. Dawson, R.N., Director
of Educational Services, Ortho Pharma-
ceutical (Canada) Ltd., 19 Green Belt
Drive, Don Mills. Ontario. 0
JUNE 1967
in a capsule
Take Your Shoes To Expo 67!
If you're planning to visit Expo 67. you
will be one step ahead of the "sore feet"
game if you remember to pack an old
pair of nurses' shoes. Whether flat or
cuban heeled, these standbys will serve you
well from La place d'accueil to La Ronde.
On a recent trip abroad, we found them
so comfortable that we took them off only
when sleeping and when the presence of
a more glamorous shoe seemed in order.
Hazardous Fashion
Twentieth century American proverb:
People who wear paper dresses shouldn't
go near fire. Especially, says a U.S. Public
Health Service offici a], "if they have been
laundered, dry cleaned or worn in a soaking
rain."
Dr. Richard E. Mar]and, Chief of the
Public Hea]th Service's Injury Control Pro-
gram within the National Center for Urban
and Industria] Health, said anyone wearing
the new type of paper garment should
discard it once it becomes soiled.
"The manufacturers themselves acknow-
ledge that many of these paper dresses and
other garments lose whatever flame re-
tardant finish they have after washing," Dr.
Marland said. "In fact, we are asking the
Bureau of Standards to test samples of pa-
per clothing to determine just how resistant
these garments are to fire when they are
new."
Dr. Marland stated that the Injury
Control Program had received inquiries
from individuals about the burn potentia]
of paper clothing. "We cannot afford to
wait until someone is seriously burned be-
fore taking action," he said.
As one illustration, Dr. Mar]and stated
that a surgeon in a major university hospital
recently sent the Injury Control Program
a paper isolation garment for members of
the hospital staff to wear. "V ou could easily
start a bonfire with it. The hospital has
banned the use of this garment, and we are
now asking the manufacturer for more
facts," he said.
Drop-outs Among Women Doctors
Women medical doctors are most useful
citizens, but only 55 percent of the 1,753 in
Canada are in fulltime practice, according to
a report in the Ottawa Journal.
Six percent are in part-time practice. Four
percent are classified as "temporarily retir-
ed" or "never practiced." Others are retired
or taking post-graduate training.
The study of women doctors undertaken
JUNE 1967
by the Canadian Medical Association Jour-
nal revealed that the largest percentage of
those temporarily retired were graduated
in the period 1960-64 and would be able
to return to practice of medicine later if
they could keep their medical knowledge
up-to-date.
The complete drop-out of women doctors
from the profession after periods of en-
forced inactivity causes concern to those
who undertook this survey.
It takes no special qualifications to see
the waste involved in doctors being lost
to the profession, the report points out.
Governments have properly become eager
to assist Canadians to become more skilled
or be retrained for other useful occupations.
Doctors deserve as much attention as motor
mechanics when they want assistance in
getting back to full service to the com-
munity, says the Journal.
A Game for the Wily Shopper
Have you ever played "Beat the M.R.
Boys"? It's a fascinating game, strongly
recommended for those who delight in up-
setting statistics. In this case the statistics
have been meticulously compiled by motIv-
ational research types, making the game a
real challenge for any player.
The game (which undoubtedly would
,II
'
\ ' I
\
I I
.',
, ./
meet the approval of Steven Polter) has
two players: you, the customer - strong
of mind, stout of heart, filled to the ears
with will-power; and The Product - mys-
terious, high-priced, alluring, clothed in
attractive packaging, and usually scented
with a tempting aroma.
The game is generally played in a super-
market. It begins as you amble down the
aisle, grocery list clutched in fist. searching
for your goods.
Suddenly, you encounter The Product. It
appears quite innocent, as it sits quietly,
almost demurely, on the shelf. But you
recognize it, immediately, for what it is:
a high-priced, average product that has been
decked out in blue and yellow - the colors
determined by motivation a] researchers to
have the most Eye Appeal - to catch you,
the unsuspecting customer.
At this point you lean down, leer at The
Product, and, with quiet satisfaction, pick up
Brand X, which is dismally attired in olive
green. The game is won, and you have
upset the statistics.
By the way, motivatIOnal researchers re-
port that supermarket shoppers stare for
long, unblinking moments as they look over
various items; hence, it is wise to blink
frequently as you make your rounds _
this is guaranteed to turn statistical figure
broadside. 0
/
/
/
THE CANADIAN NURSE 23
A nursing career with a difference.
Excellent career opportunities exist
for graduate nurses in the Canadian
Forces Medical Service. Applica-
tions will also be accepted from
nursing students in their final
year of training. And enrolment
will proceed upon registration.
The duties of a Canadian Forces
Nursing Sister are two-fold; that of
a professional nurse and that of a
commissioned officer. Her employ-
ment therefore I\t carries with it
the respon-
"$ sibilities of
leadership as .
well as those
of the medical 1 profession.
It also carries with it op-
p 0 r tun i tie s to travel, to
"-
serve in Canadian , military es-
tablishments all across Canada
and in Europe.
The starting salary is $540.00 a
mon th, and increases in pay are
granted every three years. 30 days
annual holiday, and free medical
and dental care are added benefits.
Nursing in the Canadian Forces
Medical Service offers valuable and
varied experience in different en-
vironments, opportunities for pro-
fessional advancement, the excite-
ment of travel at home and over-
seas, a respected position, and a
unique way of life not usually
available to a Registered Nurse.
Further information and appli-
cations for enrolment may be ob-
tained from your nearest Canadian
Forces Recruiting Centre, or by
mailing the attached coupon.
The Canadian Forces.
Give it some thought.
r-----------------------,
Director of Recruiting,
Canadian Forces Headquarters,
Onawa 4, Ontario
Narn t"
Addres "
City or Town, and Provinc p
L_______________________
24 THE CANADIAN NURSE
JUNE 1967
An editorial on "The Role of the
Nurse in Family Practice" in the De-
cember 1966 issue of the Journal of
the College of General Practice of
Canada warrants a response.
The author's theme is that general
practitioners should consider using
public health nurses as special as-
sistants in the care of their patients in
the office and home. Moreover, he
contends that public health nurses
could make a much greater contri-
bution to total family health care if
they were under the supervision of
the family doctor.
Although not specifically stated, the
implication is that the public health
nurse would be employed by the medi-
cal practitioner. This is the only ele-
ment of the author's suggestion that
is new, for traditionally, public health
nurses, employed as they are by com-
munity agencies, have provided service
to families under the guidance of the
family doctor. With few exceptions,
public health nursing service is avail-
able in all parts of Canada and there-
fore within reach of most practicing
physicians.
That the present arrangement cf
health services has not been totally
effective in providing satisfactory ser-
vice to families is becoming increas-
ingly evident. The reasons for this
ineffectiveness are not as evident. The
editorial in question refers to Mr.
Dennis Brannan's study, reported in
the June 1966 issue of the same jour-
nal. It reports his conclusion, based
on a retrospective analysis of visits
made by public health nurses in three
districts in one municipal health de-
partment, that "there is relatively little
cooperation between the public health
nurse and the family doctor."
Mr. Brannan's observations led him
to the following comments (quoted in
the editorial under discussion): "There
is a prevailing attitude among public
health nurses that the physician is
both unaware of their services, and is
too busy to see them or to discuss a
problem with them"; and, "Medical
schools do not educate students ade-
quately as to the functions and use
of auxiliary services . . . and it is
little wonder that physicians are un-
aware of the role that the public health
JUNE 1967
nurse could play in a community."
Mr. Brannan also comments, "the
way in which public health nursing
services are presently organized does
little to actively contribute to closer
nurse-physician cooperation." This is
probably true, particularly in larger
and increasingly complex urban cen-
ters where the present organizational
structure of services does little to faci-
litate communication among a variety
of workers, unknown to one another.
Whether or not these are all the
factors leading to poor cooperation is
not clear. Unfortunately, Mr. Brannan
does not add to our knowledge when
he fails to report on the phase of his
project that involved observations in
three private practices in the same
area as the public health nursing dis-
tricts under study.
Such limited cooperation between
professional workers whose common
focus is on the health of the family
must result in a gross misuse of pro-
fessional skills through duplication of
effort, if nothing else. To find ways of
making the most effective use of exist-
ing skills in providing service to fam-
ilies is a matter of some urgency. For
this reason, we support the suggestion
made by the editor of the Journal of
the College of General Practice, that
general practitioners should consider
using public health nurses as special
assistants in the care of their patients
in the office and home.
It is questionable, however, that our
objective of service would be achieved
if, as suggested, the prime objective
were "to ease the patient work load of
the busy general practitioner through
sharing "in the actual diagnosis and
treatment of minor illness," if, by
this, the editor means that public
health nurses should develop skills in
medical diagnosis and treatment addi-
tional to their present skills.
The non-medical components of
general practice could be managed by
a public health nurse, skilled as she is
in such activities as assessing family
health needs, counseling, referring per-
sons to appropriate community agen-
cies, etc. Delegation of these compo-
nents to her surely would result in
better distribution of skills and im-
proved service to families. Easing of
EDITORIAL I
the patient work load of the busy gen-
eral practitioner might or might not
follow. Experience in Britain indicates
that a lighter work load for the physi-
cian does not result from this arrange-
ment; he is, however, freed to use the
skills that are peculiarly his.
Such thoughts are, as yet, in the
realm of conjecture. The real value
of the editorial is the plea that is made
for study of this way of offering health
services to the community. Additional
to reports from Britain and United
States, there are a few current de-
velopments in Canada that may add
to an understanding of the need for
and the basis of effective coordination
of these essential skills. A three-year
project undertaken in Prince Albert,
Saskatchewan, in 1962 was reported in
the June 1966 issue of THE CANADIAN
NURSE. Using a "nursing case work"
approach, a nurse served in a seven-
doctor group practice as a correlating
person for total care of the patient. In
Saskatoon, the Community Health Ser-
vices Medical Clinic, a group practice,
employed a social worker for a two-
year period of study that ended in
March, 1966.
In an effort to answer some of the
very valid questions raised by the ed-
itor, a project is currently operative in
one area of Metropolitan Toronto
whereby a public health nurse employ-
ed by the local department of public
health is giving service to the patients
of three general practitioners. It is the
aim of this project to study the feas-
ibility and value of seconding a pub-
lic health nurse to work directly with
a group of general practitioners.
That public health nursing service
could be more effectively used by me-
dical practitioners is evident. Whether
or not such service should be in the
employ of the physician is question-
able. Surely the results of some of the
current projects will give us some clues
as to how to improve the quality of
health services in the face of increas-
ing fragmentation of skills and in-
creasing demands on health workers
already in short supply. 0
PHYLLIS E. JONES
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO
SCHOOL OF NURSING
THE CANADIAN NURSE 25
From institution
.
to community
Message from f. Grunberg, M.D., D.P.M., Director of Psychiatric Services,
Province of Saskatchewan.
In Saskatchewan over the past 15 I
years, under the leadership of the
forme.- D;rectm of Psych;.tdc S"";c,,
Branch, Dr. F.S. Lawson, a new pat-
tern of psychiatric care has evolved
from institutional to community care.
One of the most significant conse-
quences of this new pattern of psychia-
tric services has been the drastic
change in the function and organiza-
tion of the traditional mental hospital,
a change that has particularly affected
psychiatric nursing. No professional
discipline had to reorient its model of
service as drastically. Many comfort-
able but obsolete traditions had to be
abandoned, sometimes with a great
deal of anxiety and insecurity. _,
I must say, however, that the Sask-
atchewan psychiatric nurse has shown
a considerable degree of flexibility,
versatility, courage, and imagination;
this, to a large extent, has been re-
sponsible for the success of the pro-
gram.
This, of course, is not the "end of
the story" and many more changes can
be anticipated and many more front-
iers are to be conquered.
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26 THE CANADIAN NURSE
JUNE 1967
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JUNE 1967
The Saskatchewan Plan
This plan was formulated to provide facilities for an adequate psychiatric program
in the province of Saskatchewan, with its diffuse population and particular
topography. However, its basic principles should be generally applicable.
F.S. Lawson, M.D.
The original concept for what has
become known as The Saskatchewan
Plan was suggested to Professor D.G.
McKerracher of Saskatoon, Director
of Psychiatric Services for Saskatche-
wan until 1954, by the World Health
Organization Specialist Report :#:73.
This report recommended small re-
gional mental hospitals of 300 to 400
beds to replace the large monolithic
isolated hospitals with patient popula-
tions of several thousands.
At the beginning of 1955, when I
returned to Saskatchewan to succeed
Professor McKerracher as Director of
Psychiatric Services, my whole objec-
tive was to urge upon the provincial
government a modern and adequate
program of psychiatric service. In at-
tempting to do this The Saskatchewan
Plan was evolved. While the govern-
ment never actually accepted the Plan
as a whole, they did eventually author-
ize one unit at Y orkton; this was fin-
ally opened in 1964. Another unit at
Prince Albert was authorized in 1965.
During the period from 1955 to
1960, while the Plan was being urged
on the provincial government, many
modifications of the original WHO
suggestions were made and, indeed,
even after the construction of the Psy-
chiatric Centre at Y orkton, the first
unit of the Plan, further modifications
were incorporated for future units.
Basic beliefs
The basic premise of the Plan is the
belief that no human being should
be incarcerated in an institution.
Any other solution is preferable. No
alternative should provide merely cus-
todial care, however, nor even inpa-
tient care if outpatient treatment is
possible.
Other requirements of the Plan are:
1. The mentally ill should have the
same standard of care as the physical-
ly ill.
2. Care for the mentally ill should
be equally as available as care for the
physically ill.
3. The same continuity of care as
is provided for the physically ill should
be available to the mentally ill (at
horne, as outpatients, daypatients or
inpatients).
4. The same individual continuity of
treatment as the physically ill receive
should be accorded the mentally ill
(the same professional personnel
should attend the patient in all phases
of his illness).
5. Integration of psychiatric care
with general medical and surgical care
should be provided so that the patient
may be treated as a whole person.
6. Comprehensive care in his home
area should be provided to the men-
tally ill patient as it is to the physical-
ly ill (no one should have to go to a
distant hospital because of the length
or severity of his illness).
7. The inpatient facility should be
so designed and constructed that it as-
sists in the patient's recovery; contains
the requirements for special treatment;
allows for separation of patients into
THE CANADIAN NURSE 27
compatible groups; provides accept-
able conditions, such as privacy of per-
son and effects; is staffed adequately
to provide personal attention; and is
small enough to allow the personal
approach.
Fundamental concepts
To provide for implementation of
these requirements, the Plan involves
certain arrangements, many of which
have been incorporated at Y orkton
while others await the construction of
future units.
First, no government department
should have direct control over any
clinical program. This is an essential
administrative arrangement so that
there may be no greater interference
by politicians with psychiatry than
there is with other branches of med-
icine. Competition for funds with other
segments of a government department
and also with other departments of
government tends to result in curtail-
ment of necessary monies for an ade-
quate psychiatric program, perhaps
because many mentally ill persons have
no vote. Psychiatric centers should be
supported under the Saskatchewan
Hospital Services Plan and adminis-
tered by the board of the general hos-
pitals to which they are attached.
Second, to provide readily avail-
able psychiatric care and treatment,
the region served by a unit should be
limited both in area and population. A
region in Saskatchewan has been arbi-
trarily set as having a maximum radius
of approxim
tely 90 miles. This is es-
sential so that outpatient, home care,
and follow-up programs may be phy-
sically possible. The adequate provi-
sion of these three phases of the total
care governs the inpatient bed require-
ment and, therefore, the relationship
between the population to be served
and the size of the psychiatric unit.
Third, continuity of care requires
that the same treatment team - con-
sisting of a psychiatrist, a social
worker and a psychiatric nurse -
should be involved with each specific
patient in all phases of his treatment.
Fourth, comprehensive total care of
a patient should be provided at the
28 THE CANADIAN NURSE
psychiatric center in his region. There
must be no other place to which the
regional treatment team can abandon a
difficult case (i.e., the buck cannot
be passed).
Finally, the design of the regional
hospital should reduce confusion in
details and perspectives, provide faci-
lities for all necessary types of treat-
ment, provide privacy of the patient's
person and effects, and enable patients
to be regarded as individuals by the
provision of arrangements to allow
them to live in small groups.
Regional centers
The original plan envisaged the es-
tablishment of eight regions to cover
the populated portion of Saskatche-
wan, in addition to the use, at least
temporarily, of the two old mental
hospitals at Weyburn and North Battle-
ford. Further consideration and the
development of better roads in the
province allowed the proposed number
to be reduced to seven, including Wey-
bum and North Battleford.
These regions, each containing a
psychiatric center as a part of a local
general hospital, are allocated as fol-
lows:
Center
Swift Current
Regina - Moose Jaw
Saskatoon
Prince Albert-Tisdale
Y orkton
Weyburn
North Battleford
Total for the province
Population
covered
80,000
260,000
200,000
135,000
90,000
113,000
140,000
1,018,000
This division necessitated a revision
of our previous condition that no one
should be more than 90 miles from a
psychiatric center. This situation is
found in the Weyburn and North
Battleford regions and also in the
Prince Albert-Tisdale region. It was
thought, however, that a small ward at
Tisdale as an auxiliary to the center at
Prince Albert might help cover the
extra distances in the north eastern
part of the province where population
is thinly distributed. In addition, con-
tinued use of the psychiatric ward at
Moose Jaw Union Hospital would as-
sist with the more concentrated popula-
tion in the Regina-Moose Jaw region.
Numbers of beds reduced
Since the center at Y orkton has
been operating, the principles of The
Saskatchewan Plan have been justified
by its success. The greatest surprise,
however, has been to discover that the
inpatient bed need had been grossly
overestimated.
Between 1955 and 1960, enquiries
to various psychiatric services in Cana-
da and other countries and our own
mental hospital experience indicated
a need up to 5.6 beds per 1,000 popu-
lation served. The lowest estimate,
which came from Great Britain, al-
though with some disagreement from
well-known English psychiatrists, was
1.8 beds per 1,000. The Psychiatric
Centre at Y orkton contains 148 beds,
or a ratio of 1.65 beds per 1,000 of
the regional population.
At this time the requirement for in-
patient care, if adequate staff is avail-
able to provide the necessary outpa-
tient care, home care, and follow-up,
would seem to be 0.5 beds per I ,000
of the population served.
The inpatient bed needs of the seven
regions for adult psychiatric care in
Saskatchewan (excluding the mentally
retarded) at this ratio would be:
Swift Current 40
Regina - Moose Jaw 130
Saskatoon 100
Prince Albert - Tisdale 70
Y orkton 45
Weyburn 57
North Battleford 70
This would provide a total for the
province of 512 beds for a population
of 1,018,000.
It should be noted that there may
be other than adults requiring care and
that the mentally retarded are not in-
cluded. The Saskatchewan Plan to date
has not considered a comprehensive
program for the emotionally disorder-
ed child because of the confused state
of such programs throughout the
world, almost everyone of which is
still designated as a "pilot project." A
program for the mentally retarded ap-
JUNE 1967
pears to require an entirely different
approach, and we feel it should be re-
garded as a separate entity. A program
for those who are loosely called "psy-
chopaths" is another moot question.
Programs expanding
The application of the principle that
no one should be cared for as an in-
patient if outpatient treatment, day-
patient treatment, or treatment in the
community is adequate for his need
was given a great deal of thought by
Dr. Fred Grunberg, Superintendent of
the Saskatchewan Hospital at Weyburn
both in 1962 and 1964. Dr. Grunberg
had been Director of the Mental
Health Clinic in Swift Current when it
was thought that the first psychiatric
center would be established there.
When the Government, in its wisdom,
chose Y orkton as the site for the first
unit, Dr. Grunberg moved to York-
ton. He left Saskatchewan when the
construction at Y orkton was delayed
by the politicians but was persuaded to
return in 1962. The consideration he
had given in preparation for the pro-
posed function of the psychiatric cen-
ters resulted in his determination to
establish similar treatment and admin-
istrative approaches at Saskatchewan
Hospital, Weyburn, even though the
area and population to be covered
seemed excessive.
His adaptation of the principles of
The Saskatchewan Plan to the Men-
tal Hospital at Weyburn, ably followed
up by his successors, has produced the
same results which are now obvious.
Dr. Lawson was former Director of Psy-
chiatric Services in Saskatchewan. He is
now retired and living in Ontario. 0
JUNE 1967
Weyburn
Psychiatric Centre
One of the features of The Saskatchewan plan is that the province is divided into
areas, each to be serviced by a
maJl psychiatric hospital that would provide total
psychiatric care for its designated area. This article describes one of these units.
John B. Wright, M.D.
In view of the success of the first of
these units at Y orkton opened in
1963, the Weyburn Psychiatric Centre
was established in mid-1965. It was
housed in a building previously used
as a tuberculosis annex, physically
separated from, but adjacent to, the
main building of the Saskatchewan
Hospital, Weyburn.
It was rebuilt to provide inpatient
facilities for 52 patients with all nec-
essary adjunctive services such as
EEG, x-ray, and occupational and rec-
reational therapies. It is perhaps in-
teresting that the Weyburn Centre was
given 52 beds for an area almost twice
as large and with 30 percent more
population than Y orkton. The clinical
program in this Centre is entirely inde-
pendent of that in the Saskatchewan
Hospital, Weyburn, though mainten-
ance, business, dietary, and other serv-
ices are shared.
Community concept
Since President Kennedy's message
to Congress in 1963 presented the
concept of the community mental
health center, community psychiatry
has been advocated everywhere. What
is often overlooked when discussing
this topic is that this does not only
mean treating the patient in the com-
munity - it also means using all re-
sources in the community to treat the
patient. Ideally it should mean that the
community fills the role that has
always been filled by the large, isol-
ated mental hospital. Any community
service should be comprehensive and
prepared to handle all the mental ill-
ness in the region for which it is
responsible.
To implement this, the area was
divided into five relatively autonomous
subareas, each looked after by a team
consisting of a senior psychiatrist, a
social worker, a community nurse, and
ward nurses. All teams share the
central facility.
The psychiatrist directs the team,
assesses all patients who are referred,
initiates treatment, continues the treat-
ment of those who need psychiatrist's
care, and assigns the other work to
the relevant member of the team.
The social worker, by interviewing
relatives and others, assesses social im-
plications of the case, and deals with
the impact of the illness both on the
patient in his environment and on the
environment itself. He also does coun-
seling, group work, marital guidance,
and other "therapy."
The role of the community nurse in-
volves both medical and social aspects.
His training in the symptomatology of
psychiatric illness, its response to treat-
ment, the effects and side effects of
drugs, and so on, enables him to
follow up patients who are on drugs
for acute and chronic illnesses, calling
in the psychiatrist as necessary. More-
over, he is skilled in the management
of people with mental illness and can.
therefore, advise the relatives of pa-
tients with as yet uncleared or residual
symptoms on how to handle the pa-
tient. To use an extreme example,
what does one say to a patient who
has a delusion that men from Mars
have wired the house and are control-
ling his thoughts by electricity?
Community nurses have made the
work of other disciplines much easier
and more effective. As an example,
social workers now have more time to
spend doing counseling, family ther-
apy, etc., instead of spending a lot
of their time in duties for which they
are not prepared. such as supervising
drug therapy.
There are two main aspects of the
program - the outpatient service and
the inpatient service.
Outpatient care
A basic concept of care under The
Saskatchewan Plan is the belief that
the primary treatment source for the
patient is his own general practitioner,
and, therefore, psychiatric services in-
tervene only at the request of the
practitioner who has not the time, the
facilities, or the experience to cope
himself. As soon as the patient is fit
enough and with the practitioner's
consent, he is returned to him for any
further treatment that may be neces-
sary.
To further the idea of taking the
hospital into the community rather
THE CANADIAN NURSE 29
than extruding the patient hito an iso-
lated mental hospital, part-time clinics
are established in each of the sub-
areas. The team goes out to them at
least once a week for a full day's
clinic. Social workers and community
nurses, of course, spend a considerable
portion of their time in the field seeing
patients who cannot, will not, or just
do not come into the clinics.
The patient is seen initially as an
outpatient and thereafter is given the
treatment appropriate to his illness
whether as outpatient, inpatient, day
patient, or night patient. Close follow-
up and supervision is given as long
as the patient needs it. Foster homes,
halfway houses, and other alternative
accommodation for chronic patients or
patients without homes or relatives of
their own were established. Standards
have been laid down by the provincial
government for such homes, and they
must all be approved by the Director
of Psychiatric Services. Nursing homes,
both public and private, have been and
are being built. In these can be placed
geriatric patients who may have little,
if anything, psychologically wrong with
them but who in the past "fa ute de
mieux" were handled by mental hos-
pitals.
The team must know and be known
by the community. Members endeavor
to work closely with all potential re-
source people and to establish liaison
with general practitioners and agen-
cies; the department of welfare, public
health nurses, clergy, municipal and
town authorities, police, voluntary or-
ganizations, are often involved in out-
patient care.
The Centre is experimenting with
community nurses resident in the larg-
er peripheral towns and one has al-
ready been appointed. Such nurses not
only follow up patients who require it,
but can also supervise activities of pa-
tients who might attend the mental
health clinic during the day, and act as
a liaison between psychiatric services
and the community. Residence in the
area eliminates much of the traveling
caused by the rural nature of the terri-
tory.
Inpatient care
Inpatient care is a brief and often
30 THE CANADIAN NURSE
unnecessary part of the total treatment
program. The patient is only admitted
to hospital if he needs to be there, and
only stays for as long as he continues
to benefit from being in hospital. This
eliminates one of the worst features of
psychiatry in the past, where most of
the disability associated with mental
illness was not a part of the illness
itself, but was consequent upon the
desocialization and institutionalization
of patients who were detained for long
periods in hospital.
Inpatient treatment is active and all
current therapies are used. There are
no locked doors whatsoever and there
is no segregation of the sexes. It is not
an open door policy (though the dours
are open); it is rather a revolving door
policy. Sleeping accommodation is in
rooms of one to four beds.
The first half of the day (until
3:00 P.M.) is spent in occupational
therapy unless the patient is involved
in specific treatment, such as electro-
shock treatment. The second half of
the day is given over to recreational
therapy. Traditionally, the three to
eleven shift has been a relatively idle
one for nurses, but in Weyburn, nurses
are regarded as essential in the recrea-
tional program, and it is assumed that
a nurse will work in recreational thera-
py (under the supervision of trained
recreational therapists) unless required
for some special clinical duty, for
example looking after a disturbed pa-
tient. The ability, enthusiasm, and
flexibility of the nursing staff has been
most impressive and vital to the suc-
cess of the program.
Summary
The result of all this has been that
many, many more patients are able
to live active ordinary lives in their
community. The disruption to the pa-
tient and his environment is minimal
and no longer are we creating that
distressed person - the chronic, hope-
less, institutionalized patient - who
has for so long been one of the worst
features of psychiatry, however res-
ponsible psychiatry was for his exist-
ence.
Dr. Wright is Regional Director of the
Weyburn Psychiatric Centre. 0
JUNE 1967
Community psychiatric nursing
A summer day early in 1964 is now looked back on as stork day in the
Saskatchwan Hospital, Weyburn, as it was at this time that the community
psychiatric nurse came into being. The growth and development of this new
health worker is described.
C. Albert Atkinson, R.P.N. and J. Frank VanKampen, R.P.N.
The term decentralization as it ap-
plies to the field of psychiatry was
used infrequently 25 years ago. Caring
for the mentally ill other than in a
centralized location could not be visu-
I alized. Today the term is used fre-
quently. Congregation of those suffer-
ing from mental disorders in a setting
that takes them long distances away
from familiar surroundings, family,
and friends is no longer considered
desirable. Centralized mental hospitals
made it necessary for families to travel
far distances to visit the patients; the
increased expense and inconvenience
often caused a loss of contact. As
treatment of the mentally ill has
changed, a need for a new kind of
nursing care has developed.
A need recognized
Nine years ago regionalization of
psychiatric services was proposed. A
few already established part-time
mental health clinics located in large
towns or cities were utilized at first.
These Mental Health Clinics were
operated on a part-time basis at first.
Scarcity of doctors to staff these fa-
cilities resulted in a somewhat irreg-
ular service. Doctors were strictly on
their own and, in some instances, tra-
veled for many miles to be faced
upon arrival by large numbers of dis-
charged patients requiring outpatient
clinic care, as well as new clients seek-
ing held. Even though the heavy at-
tendance was burdensome and frus-
trating, it was welcome and reward-
ing since it illustrated that this facility
was much needed.
To cope with the growing clinic at-
tendance and other community prob-
lems the services of social workers be-
came essential. Their role was limited,
however, in some aspects of patient
care. The desirability of utilizing a psy-
chiatric nurse was recognized since
medical and psychiatric treatment de-
mands the assistance of this profes-
sional person. Eventually, a complete
team of doctor, social worker and
nurse did come about. Now, the addi-
tion of a psychologist would be wel-
comed; however, such personnel are in
short supply.
By late 1963 decentralized mental
health clinics were established as es-
JUNE 1967
sential in providing the quality out-
patient care necessary to prevent re-
admissions to the large mental institu-
tions.
Since outpatient services have been
initiated, hospitals have changed their
role, too. They no longer must alle-
viate all symptoms before the patient
is discharged to the community. Rath-
er, the clinics and the community can
help provide satisfactory resettlement
through support, rehabilitative re-
sources, and outpatient care.
Role of the nurse
The community nurse provides
quality, continued nursing care that
helps maintain patients in the com-
munity. The aim is to have the patient
become a functioning and producing
member of society, although the latter
is not always possible because of
chronicity, age, and/or physical handi-
cap.
Community nursing includes sup-
porting the patient and helping him to
adjust. As well, families, foster par-
ents, employers, and agencies must be
helped to understand the difficulties
encountered in making this adjust-
ment. If one is successful in provid-
ing this quality of care it undoubtedly
will result in the patient leading a
more effective and satisfying way of
life. It should be helpful here to refer
to the kind and level of work the
nurses do and follow this by outlining
many of their typical duties.
In general, community nurses per-
form professional psychiatric nursing
duties by making home visits and in-
terviewing patients at mental health
clinics. They must plan and conduct
their work with a considerable degree
of independence; supervision and guid-
ance is not always available while serv-
ing in the community so they must
make decisions independently on the
needs of the patients for psychiatric
treatment.
Community nurses meet with offi-
cials of public and private welfare
agencies, families, doctors, employers,
and others to assist the patient in ad-
justing in the community. They make
periodic visits to assigned patients at
their homes to assess the level of their
adjustment and to assist them in solv-
ing problems. They interview patients'
relatives, guardians, and employers to
assist in evaluating the patients' adjust-
ment in the community. They make
certain that patients are taking the
prescribed medication or treatments
as directed and requesting refills of
drugs as necessary. They maintain a
record of personal data, medical his-
tory, prescribed treatment, and medica-
tion. They supervise and direct group
therapy programs for day-care patients
at outpatient clinics. They conduct
preliminary interviews at the homes of
persons referred for psychiatric treat-
ment to help psychiatrists to determine
if admission to hospital is desirable.
They provide any required nursing
services. They attend medical case
conferences at the hospital to obtain
background information on patients
being considered for discharge and
provide information on patients being
considered for admission to hospital.
They prepare and deliver lectures and
present histories of psychiatric contin-
ued care cases to student and gradu-
ate nurses. They prepare data on pa-
tients moving to other areas so that
nursing care is uninterrupted. They
keep complete, concise reports on all
home visits and advise superiors and
team members of cases where behavior
is likely to become critical.
Community nursing does not imply
that all duties are performed in the
field. A percentage of time must be
spent in the office. Here the nurse
commences her day. She attends team
meetings with ward nurses, doctors, so-
cial workers, occupational and recrea-
tional therapists to present and dis-
cuss various aspects of patients' ill-
nesses, treatment and final disposition.
There is always paper work. This in-
cludes recording interviews following
each scheduled visit with the patient
and any important incident that might
occur in between, keeping up-to-date
records pertaining to prescribed med-
ications, and preparing lecture mater-
ial for presentation to other nursing
personnel and various organizations
within the catchment area.
Most community nurses find their
work preferable to ward nursing. One
reason is that the community nurse is
in the position to see the patient at
THE CANADIAN NURSE 31
the time of admission to hospital, fol-
low him through his distressing days,
observe improvement, and see him re-
turn to community living and once
again become a functioning and pro-
ducing member of society. In short,
the community nurse is involved in
treatment from beginning to end. Ward
nursing on the other hand ends when
the nurse bids goodbye to her patient.
She can only think, "I hope he does
well. "
Preparation
For many years now much has been
said about the shortage of nurses, and
this condition is aggravated by the in-
creasing demands on the profession.
Social psychiatry as it is now practic-
ed in Saskatchewan will probably re-
quire more community nurses in the
near future. Where do these people
come from, what qualifications do they
have and where do they obtain their
training?
At present all community nurses in
Saskatchewan are registered psychia-
tric nurses. They are graduates from
one of the recognized schools of psy-
chiatric nursing in the province. They
qualify for registration by passing Uni-
versity-set examinations. There are
three such schools in Saskatchewan:
the Saskatchewan Hospitals at Wey-
burn and North Battleford, and the
Saskatchewan Training School at
Moose Jaw.
The course is outlined in the ap-
proved curriculum of the Saskatche-
wan Psychiatric Nurses Association
and consists of approximately 700
hours of classroom work. It includes
such subjects as psychiatric nursing,
psychiatry, psychology, sociology,
medicine and surgery, medical and
surgical nursing, nursing arts, emer-
gency nursing, microbiology and path-
ology, pharmacology, nutrition, ward
management, and communicable dis-
eases, as well as seminars in psychiat-
ric nursing, group techniques, case
presentations, and so on.
In addition, students rotate through
32 THE CANADIAN NURSE
various clinical areas, such as psy-
chotic units, geriatric units, admission
units, and medical and surgical units
at the hospitals at Weyburn and North
Battleford. At the training school at
Moose Jaw, the educable unit, the
medical and surgical unit, the pedia-
tric unit, and the unit of trainable and
severely retarded patients are used.
Since 1965 the psychiatric nursing
course has been compressed into a 27-
month period; until that time it took
three full years to complete. Although
the time required is now less, mini-
mum classroom hours have increased
steadily over the years along with the
expectations placed upon the nurse.
Roles have become more and more
complicated and the teaching of more
basic sciences and skills was thus in-
evitable.
Prospective students are carefully
selected and must have grade 11 Gun-
ior matriculation}, academic standing,
but grade 12 (senior matriculation) is
preferred. Except for the first three
months, students receive a salary,
which increases as their education pro-
gresses. Perhaps this is one reason why
psychiatric nursing has attracted more
males than general nursing. Married
men can earn a living while learning.
During the first three months stu-
dents attend classes and provide no
ward service. They receive a stipend to
cover the cost of board and room and
books. Training and education during
the remaining two years consists of
from one to four hours per day during
the lecture term, depending on the
class year and the school. Part of
these classes are scheduled within the
regular working hours, part in the stu-
dents' own time. Thus, a student may
put in an eight-hour day followed by,
or preceded by an hour or two of
lectures.
Standards rising
Actually, psychiatric nursing was
born in the 1840's at the Hanwell
Hospital in England, whereas Florence
Nightingale opened her first school for
general nurses around 1860. The first
uniform national system of training
and certification of any body of nurses
in any country were those conducted
for psychiatric nurses, in Britain,
1891. At first, progress, if any, was
very slow.
Curriculum development in Saskat-
chewan has grown steadily since 1930.
Psychiatric nursing evolved from a
three-year course for mental hospital
employees (usually referred to in those
days as "attendants"). Teaching was
primarily designed to provide staff
with skills to care for and protect pa-
tients while they were living in the
hospitals. As the emphasis shifted
from institutional care to treatment, the
demands on "attendants" increased.
The need for more knowledge and skill
was recognized and as a result a 500-
hour course in psychiatric nursing was
inaugurated in 1947.
The profession was established offi-
cially on March 25, 1948, when the
provincial Legislature assented to an
"Act Respecting The Saskatchewan
Psychiatric Nurses Association." This
act entitles graduates from any of the
recognized schools to write University
examinations and to register with the
Saskatchewan Psychiatric Nurses Asso-
ciation. Since 1950 the nurses in Brit-
ish Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba, and
Ontario have also organized profes-
sional associations. These organiza-
tions are affiliated under the Canadian
Council of Psychiatric Nurses.
The scope of psychiatric nursing has
expanded with the educational require-
ments and demands for service. At
present, psychiatric nurses may enroll
in university postgraduate courses,
such as administration, and teaching
and supervision. They have proven
themselves adequately qualified in such
areas as social service work, commun-
ity recreational services, adjunctive
therapies, correction work, as well as
at various levels of nursing in psychia-
tric wings of general hospitals, psy-
chiatric centers and mental health
clinics.
JUNE 1967
Summary
Psychiatric nurses were ready to ful-
fill the role of the community nurse,
especially since staff became available
because of the drastic reduction in the
number of patients within the institu-
tions during the last few years. De-
mands and services in the mental
health area have changed rapidly and
the psychiatric nurse has tried to keep
ahead.
The curriculum for the training and
education is undergoing close scrutiny
once again. No doubt many changes
will be proposed and, if feasible, in-
corporated. Although community psy-
ciatric nurses appear well qualified to
fill the demands, education in such
areas as interviewing, counseling,
group work, and knowledge of com-
munity agencies must be accelerated,
thus preparing nurses even better to
serve society by helping those suffering
from mental disorders, and by meeting
the ever increasing and changing de-
mand for psychiatric services.
Mr. Atkinson is Supervisor of Commun-
ity Nursing and Mr. VanKampen is Psy-
chiatric Nursing Instructor at the Weyburn
Psychiatric Centre. 0
JUNE 1967
Research nursing
in psychiatry
"Being different" may result in criticism and ridicule from coworkers - but it
is an essential characteristic of a research nurse.
w. Keith Paul, R.P.N.
The term "research" is often ques-
tioned and misinterpreted when ap-
plied to the interpersonal relationships
that make up psychiatric nursing. Yet
in its simplest terms research refers to
any diligent inquiry that proposes to
find new ideas or that permits the
examination of old facts with a fresh
approach. An inquiring mind is all
that is required.
This more liberal interpretation has
much in common with two other
terms: psychiatry and nursing. All
three demand close observation, detail-
ed examination, and careful investiga-
tion. All are concerned with increasing
knowledge.
Unfortunately, psychiatric nursing is
extremely prone to routine, especially
in large institutions. This routine is
sometimes a therapeutic requirement,
more often it is a facilitation of pro-
fessional duties, but rarely is it con-
ducive to increasing knowledge.
Acceptance of current values and
customs stabilize a society, be it in a
psychiatric institution or other fields
of endeavor - the large mental hos-
pitals were stable societies for years.
Only when inquiring minds refuse to
accept antiquated customs and values
do changes occur; for example, the
rapid decrease in the population of the
Saskatchewan Hospital, when empha-
sis was placed on community care for
psychiatric patients, rather than hos-
pitalization.
Characteristics
A research nurse in psychiatry
should not be routine minded; his ac-
ceptance of current values and customs
should only be "to catch his breath."
The following definition, although
formulated for the field of education,
is very appropriate for a research
nurse: "He should be a liberally edu-
cated person who has the sociological
perspective, the moral integrity, and
the psychological self-sufficiency to be
different."l This "being different" may
subject a research nurse to severe
criticism, verging on ridicule from co-
workers engaged in more orthodox
nursing. This makes psychological self-
sufficiency a strong need.
The problematic hypothesis is an
ideal basis for research nursing: "A
problem exists and is considered re-
solved when serenity in the situation
prevails."2 Insight applied to this prob-
lem solving approach will result in
change both in the individual and in
the situation. This in turn may give
rise to new problems. Without the ap-
plication of insight, we do not have
new problems, but we do have recur-
ring old ones. We may thus summarize
the function of a research nurse as
"the gaining and the application of in-
sight (the inquiring mind and increased
knowledge) to existing problems. ":i
With this, progress will evolve, not
without disappointments, but it will be
the end result.
Two kinds of research
A psychiatric research nurse usually
will be involved in two kinds of re-
search, often at the same time. One
aspect will involve nursing conjunctive
to medical research. This consists of
observation and recording; acute
awareness and accuracy are essential.
This kind of research is often repeti-
tious over long periods and offers
little immediate satisfaction. By the
time total evaluation is completed, the
nurse will already be involved in a new
study. New, really important discover-
ies are rare, and the part played by
the nurse is only one of many factors
involved, the ultimate results being ob-
tained only by an evaluation of all
factors. Consequently, in this role one
cannot expect early recognition and
must accept the fact that his toils may
even be a lost contribution in a final
analysis.
The second type of research is in
the area of interpersonal relationships,
a topic on which volumes have been
composed, with many roles involved.
It is difficult to define any role that
involves a planned course of action to
produce a predictable and progressive
THE CANADIAN NURSE 33
reaction. In this area nursing research
can be extremely interesting and re-
warding, being more spontaneous and
directly related to the role played.
Special unit needed
Research involving both these psy-
chiatric nursing roles has prevailed in
this hospital for several years. Some-
times this research was carried out in
controlled situations, more often it
was superimposed on existing pro-
grams. This latter frequently created
disruptions and resentments, not con-
ducive to accurate statistical informa-
tion. Therefore, approximately one
year ago a small unit of 24 beds spe-
cific to research was created.
The patient population for this unit
was screened, the participants being
long-standing chronic schizophrenic
patients who were functioning on a
severely regressed level.
The desired staffing ratio was one
qualified nurse for every five patients.
To cover days off, shift, and so on,
approximately 20 staff were required.
From the previously stated definition
of a competent research nurse, the 20
best nurses employed in the institu-
tion should have been selected. As the
unit was only semi-autonomous, and
six other units also required personnel,
this could not be considered, although
desired. For the sake of total hospital
progress and morale, only a few key
nursing personnel were chosen. Psy-
chiatric student nurses and psychiatric
nurse aides held reach the desired staff
patient ratio.
Special projects
To date three projects have been
nd
rtak.en.
owever, as the third pro-
Ject IS still gomg on, only the first two
can be described here.
The first four months were devoted
to a study on the effects of intensive
therapy. Each patient was required to
participate actively for 14 hours each
day. The activity was directed to three
main areas: personal care, work train-
ing, and recreation - all directed to-
34 THE CANADIAN NURSE
ward promoting social skills. Medical
care was regulated to conform with the
activation of the patient.
The second project was a three-
month drug study, more or less a re-
versal of the first study. Medical eval-
uation was in the fore, and nursing
and social activity was somewhat rou-
tine; this allowed a more conclusive
evaluation of the drug, as changes
could more readily be attributed to it,
as against changes produced by nurs-
ing action.
When we look at these two projects,
we can readiJy see the two types of roles
of a research nurse. The first project
was predominately regulated by nursing
action and the second project was pre-
dominately conjunctive nursing in med-
ical research. On comparison, strictly
from a nursing viewpoint, the first
project was the most productive for
nurses; patient evaluation indicated
greater progress; and the morale and
interest of staff were higher. (This
should in no way suggest greater value
of either type of research.)
1r
.
-.,
.. --
ï
....
The results, after one year in oper-
ation, although gratifying, are below
the realm of possible achievements.
This failure was influenced by two
main factors. The first was a negative
reaction by workers on other units
toward the research unit. The second
factor was caused by a degree of staff
insecurity throughout the hospital be-
cause of the rapid decrease in patient
population. Any degree of insecurity
on the part of the staff would reflect
on their performance in this area and
conceivably influence the research re-
sults.
This leads to a final comment - an
effective research nurse must have two
basic characteristics, a strong sense of
security and dedication to the profes-
sion.
References
I. Affleck, A.F. what attitudinal biases
should characterize professorial recrea-
tional leadership? J. Canad. Assoc. for
Hlth, Physical Educ. and Recreation.
May 1958, p. 21.
2. Thelen, Herbert A. Dynamics of Groups
at Work, Chicago. University of Chica-
go, 1963, p. 244.
3. Ibid.
Mr. Paul is head nurse on the research
unit at the Saskatchewan Hospital. Weyburn.
o
,UNE 1967
Until recently, the responsibility for
the care of the sick in the small coun-
try of Malawi, Central Africa, fell on a
nucleus of nursing sisters, mostly Eur-
opean, and on a group of medical
assistants, native Malawians who had
trained in mission and government
hospitals.
On July 10, 1965, the National
School of Nursing was officially open-
ed at Blantyre, by the government
of Malawi. Considering the economy
of Malawi and the country's need for
development in many areas, this action
was indeed far-sighted.
The aim of the school is to give its
students a broad, general education,
an aim that is consistent with the needs
of the country. The school uses the
facilities of the Queen Elizabeth Hos-
pital, on whose grounds it stands;
since its inception, however, it has
been developed as an independent en-
tity, with the senior tutor directly res-
ponsible to the matron-in-chief who
functions at ministry level. The stu-
dents are all residents and their ac-
commodation is reasonable.
Plans take shape
The senior tutor arrived from Eng-
land in October, 1964 to begin work
on the syllabus and to collabarate with
the matron-in-chief to produce a
Nurse's Act that would establish the
Nurses' and Midwives' Council for
Malawi. The school now has a senior
tutor, two clinical instructors and three
other tutors. Recently, a midwifery tu-
JUNE 1967
Nursing education
in Malawi
The curriculum of the new National School of Nursing in 8lantyre, Malawi,
is designed to encourage independent and creative thinking.
lohn R. Monaghan
tor joined the staff to develop plans
for midwifery training based on the
British pattern. She also will organize
the midwifery experience of students
who are in the basic program.
In planning the education of Malawi
students, we had to determine what
would be expected of the graduate
nurse: Would she hold a position of
responsibility? Would she work in
central hospitals or in the smaller, dis-
trict hospitals? Would she be asked to
assume responsibilities in administra-
tion, public health, or teaching? The
original planning also was influenced
by the number of potential students,
and the nature of their education and
home background.
One thing was certain: The pro-
gram had to fulfill the needs of Malawi
and, at the same time, offer a high
standard of professional and social
education.
Three-year program
The program at the National School
of Nursing is three and one-half years
in length. Apart from the final ex-
amination, which is set by the Nurses'
and Midwives' Council, all examina-
tions are conducted by the school.
Selected candidates enter a twelve-
week introductory course that includes
four weeks' practical experience. The
first seven weeks of the program in-
Mr. Monaghan is Senior Tutor at the
National School of Nursing in Blantyre,
Malawi.
clude orientation and introductory talks,
plus light, factual programs in first
aid, biology, personal health, and nurs-
ing. One day per week is spent on the
wards. The terminal examination is
held during the twelfth week.
Successful candidates are then eligi-
ble for registration as students. They
begin a part of the program termed
"elementary course," which is given
during a one-month block period. A
minimum of ten lectures is allotted
to each subject: medical and surgical
nursing; microbiology; nutrition; phar-
macology; psychology; epidemiology;
and pathology.
During this one-month period, a
program of liberal studies is presented.
Guest speakers meet the students for
talks and discussions on topics such
as the United Nations Organization,
the World Health Organization, the
functions of the British Council and
United States Information Services, the
history of medical and nursing services
in Malawi, and the use of statistics.
The material covered in the elemen-
tary courses acquaints the students
with many of the basic facts and con-
cepts of nursing through demonstra-
tions of their use in curative or pre-
ventive nursing.
In medical-surgical nursing, the body
systems are taught according to the
following plan:
1. Physiology of the system, togeth-
er with its anatomy.
2. Surgical and medical conditions
including communicable diseases.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 35
3. Appropriate nursing procedures.
4. Preventive, social and epidemio-
logical aspects of the disease, when
these apply. I
5. Related pharmacology.
6. Therapeutics, including problems
of rehabilitation and occupation.
7. Diagnostic investigations.
8. Nutritional problems and diet-
ary treatment of the conditions.
9. Psychological causes, implica-
tions and complications.
Each system is covered in six
weeks: The first week requires fulltime
school attendance and the remaining
five, one or two study days per week,
depending upon the amount of time
needed. Thus, the students begin their
study of medical-surgical nursing
early in the first year of training.
This plan is applied to other systems
and can also be applied successfully to
more specialized areas, such as geria-
trics, pediatrics, and otorhinolaryngo-
logy. During the six-week periods, re-
lated areas of knowledge also can be
included. For example, the study of
the genitourinary system would include
gynecology, urology, and venereal dis-
eases.
To broaden the practical experience
of students, specific periods of time
and curricula are alloted to midwifery,
psychiatric nursing and public health.
Midwifery experience covers a period
of three months, psychiatric nursing,
one month. The last three months of
training are devoted to hospital and
ward administration, elementary theory
36 THE CANADIAN NURSE
....
-
\, ...
.
"
JUNE 1967
of education, and practical teaching of
procedures. .
Examinations include the termmal
examination at the end of the intro-
ductory course; the intermediate exam-
ination 18 months after the intro-
ductory course; and the final examina-
tion in the 39th month.
Recruitment
Interviews are arranged through a
central recruiting body called the
Public Service Commission. The senior
tutor and another staff member join
the Board to select candidates. Appli-
cants must be young women of 18
years of age and must have a pass in
the Senior Cambridge School Certifi-
cate or three passes in the General
Certificate of Education at Ordinary
Level, one of which should be in
English.
At present, the school can admit 30
students per year; to date, 40 students
are enrolled. Residential accommoda-
tion is the problem at present, but by
the end of the current year this will
be solved and the student body will be
increased to 90 by June of 1967.
School has control
The school has absolute control over
the students' experience; the staff al-
locate clinical assignements in the hos-
pital wards and departments, for day
and night duty. This allows individual
programing for each student during
the entire training period. When a
student's program has been arranged,
it is her responsibility to see that it
is carried out. She must inform the
wards and departments of the dates
and periods of her experience.
On the wards
Nursing procedures are demonstrat-
ed on the ward by a nurse tutor or
clinical instructor. Students carry out
only those procedures that have been
demonstrated and practiced under su-
pervision. Problems rarely arise, be-
cause the ward sister has a copy of the
syllabus and is kept informed of the
students' practical progress.
Clinical teaching periods of one
hour are carried out in the wards each
afternoon. Discussion about a selected
patient includes the salient points of
his illness and its cause; the normal
physiology of the affected organ or
system; problems related to nursing
care; the medical treatment, including
drugs and social problems; and the
difficulties of rehabilitation.
Many problems
Most students entering the introduc-
tory course are almost completely un-
prepared for this type of program.
JUNE 1967
Their note-taking is poor and they
have little idea of the use of textbooks,
whether they be standard or reference.
It is sometimes difficult to believe that
these students have had secondary
school education; perhaps it would be
more correct to say that they have
been exposed to a secondary school
education, in which the emphasis is
on examination and not education.
rt must be remembered that English
is the second language for these stu-
dents. Since their vocabulary is small,
their comprehension is limited.
Our objective is to provide a degree
of intellectual independence that will
serve as a useful base in the student's
future professional life. This means
that students are responsible for their
own learning. We encourage them to
teach themselves, to be critical - but
not necessarily to criticize - and to
think for themselves, rather than ac-
cept the "established" without ques-
tion.
Our students have many major ad-
justments to make when they enter the
school. They must accustom them-
selves to the classroom, the wards, and
the residence. For many, the behavior
expected of them is unlike anything
they previously have encountered.
In the introductory course, teach-
ing is by lecture, mainly because stu-
dents feel more secure with this meth-
od. Since they already have many
adjustments to make, it seems pointless
to upset them further by introducing a
method of teaching that is foreign to
them.
In the elementary courses, talks, dis-
cussions, and synopses of their obser-
vations on field trips are introduced.
This is the first step away from stereo-
typed lecture-teaching. When studies
on general medicine and surgery of a
system are started, another step toward
self-teaching is taken: Certain lectures
are omitted and group work is intro-
duced. Prior to this, the use of text
and reference books has been taught.
From each group of 18 students, six
who show a facility with English leave
the lecture-room and, under the guid-
ance of a tutor, begin discussion and
independent note-taking on the topic
being taught. This division of the class,
although not good, continues until the
six students reach a stage of proficien-
cy and security in the new learning
process. This stage begins when the
students appear less anxious about
their note-taking, and more interested
in discussing the topic. Their questions
in discussions are better thought out,
and more direct; there is an improve-
ment in their English and a more ma-
ture attitude to learning.
At this point the six students are
reunited with the group. Each assumes
the responsibility for teaching two of
her colleagues. The tutor's function,
after outlining the salient points, is
merely to supervise and allow the stu-
dents to proceed independently. To-
ward the end of the lecture, discussion
is promoted and students are encour-
aged to air their difficulties. Recently,
projects have been introduced on a
variety of topics in which the students,
with supervision and support, have
begun independent inquiries. This is
another step in the supervised teach-
yourself program.
By the end of the year, students who
started in July, 1965, will be subjected
to a minimum number of lectures, but
a maximum number of tutorials and
discussions. These students have indi-
cated, in their more relaxed moments,
that this path is difficult and painful.
Signs of progress
The students' progress has been
quite remarkable. Especially pleasing
is their increased maturity and self-
discipline.
What of the future? All avenues
within the profession are open to them,
and some thought has been given to
forms of higher education. It is pos-
sible that after two years' postgraduate
experience some of these students will
enter the local Polytechnic to
gain university entrance qualifications.
Then, thev could take a degree course
at the University of Malawi. 0
THE CANADIAN NURSE 37
How many public health nurses in
Canada have had public health prepa-
ration? Nobody really knows - be-
cause no studies have ever been done.
An Ontario study, just completed
and still in the reporting stage, has en-
tered the void, however, and could
provide guidelines for further studies
in other provinces or at the national
level.
The Ontario Department of Health
has recently completed a census of
community health nursing personnel,
including all nurses and registered
nursing assistants, employed within the
broad field of public health in the
province. For the purpose of this first
census. public health work was broadly
defined and related to function - for
example, registered nurses who carry
out the functions of health teaching
and counseling. [t included all person-
nel and not only those with prepara-
tion in public health nursing.
Miss Isabel Black, nursing consul-
tant, Research and Planning Branch,
Ontario Department of Health, was
principal investigator. She discussed
the results in an interview with THE
CANADIAN NURSE staff during the Con-
vention of the Canadian Public Health
Association in Ottawa April 25-27.
"Some of our findings were a little sur-
prising," she said. "And it will be a
great advantage to have facts, instead
of just suppositions, to support re-
quests to employers and government
departments. "
Pilot study
. The Ontario study is, in a way, a
pilot project. Such a census had been
.suggested for the whole of Can'ada, but
funds were not available. Now that
O!"tario has developed a questionnaire
with acco
panying instructions, as
well as designed a method for tabulat-
ing the data, it is possible that the
study either could become a national
study, or be carried out quite easily by
individual provinces.
The purpose of the census was to
evaluate the adequacy in numbers and
in educational preparation of nurses at
all levels, both fun and part-time. Data
was also obtained on numbers of nurs-
ing assistants. A third objective was to
use the information received to plan
for recruitment and educational pre-
38 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Public health project
in Ontario
Certificate/Diploma
in Public Healrh
Nursing
42.2%
Advanced
Certificate
in P.H. Nursing
3.9%
University
Preparation other
than Public Health
0.7%
POOl-basic
Baccalaureate
Degree
5.8%
paration of nursing personnel who are
needed for present and future com-
munity health programs. The study in-
cluded all agencies who employ public
health nurses - both official and un-
official agencies.
A newly released statement by the
Canadian Public Health Association A
Statement of Functions and Qualifica-
tions for the Practice of Puhlic Health
Nursing in Canada, clearly states what
is desirable in preparation of person-
nel. This should be helpful in compar-
ing what Ontario has with what it
should have.
The Ontario study had a 99.2 per-
cent return; 704 of a possible 706
agencies replied to the questionnaire,
and the two missing agencies employed
only one nurse each. An official, non-
official, visiting nurse (VON, St. Eli-
zabeth), and occupational health agen-
cies, and the Children's Aid Societies
were included. This involved every in-
Highest Academic Qualification
of 3,254 Nursing Personnel
Employed Full-Time or Part-
Time for Public Health Work,
Ontario, November 30, 1966
Registered Nurses
Diploma Programme
38.5%
Besie
Baccalaureate
Degree
5.2%
Graduate
Degree
0.3%
Registered
Nursing
Assistant,
3.4%
dividual engaged in public health work
in the province, (qualified or unqua-
lified). The study reported on 3,142
registered nurses (2,641 full-time; 501
part-time) and 112 registered nursing
assistants (103 full-time; 9 part-time).
Instructions for completing the ques-
tionnaires were detailed, and wen-ex-
plained. For example, the study did
not request use of agency titles, but
stated: "Regardless of the titles used
within you
agency, for the pur-
pose of this census you should
review the duties of the nursing
staff in light of the actual func-
tions they perform." The instruc-
tion sheet then defined the functions in
each category.
Results - expected and unexpected
Questionnaires sent to nurses-in-
charge of community health agencies
asked them to specify highest educa-
tional preparation and positions of all
JUNE 1%7
The line of people who would like to have some facts about Canadian nursing forms to the left - and is a long, long
lineup. Now, however, a study on the educational preparation of public health nurses in Ontario will help fill the void.
NURSING PERSONNEL EMPLOYED FOR PUBLIC HEALTH WORK BY PLACE
OF EMPLOYE NT AND POSITION HElD ONTARIO, NOVEMBER 30, 1%6
POSITION HELD
PLACE OF Staff Staff Consultant Consultant Registered
EMPLOYMENT Director Supervisor Nurse Nurse Generalized Specialized Nursing Assistant
or or TOTAL
Assistant ASlisfan' NURSES
Full Time Part Time Full Time Part Time Full Tim. Part Time Full Tim. Part Tim.
Official Health Agencies 61 67 1,081 227 9 0 12 0 1,457 61 5
Boards of Education 5 1 81 34 3 0 0 0 124 0 0
Visiting Nursing
Associations. 23 29 335 85 5 2 1 0 480 14 0
Occupational Health 23 54 651 136 0 0 0 0 864 28 0
Other Non-Official
Agencies 11 9 69 14 0 0 1 1 105 0 4
Children's Aid
Societies 0 11 99 2 0 0 0 0 112 0 0
TOTAL 123 171 2,316 498 17 2 14 1 3,142 103 9
*Victoricn Order of Nurses
St. Elizabeth Visiting Nurses' Association, Toronto
St. Elizabeth Visiting Nurses' Association, Hamilton
staff, full or part-time. Results indi-
cated that 59.3 percent of all nurses
had some public health qualification.
"It is conceivable that this is a high-
er percentage than in other provinces,"
Miss Black said. "Ontario law speci-
fied that nurses working with the pub-
lic in official health agencies must be
prepared in public health." The study
showed that 87 percent of nurses in
official agencies had public health
training. The remaining 13 percent
who do not have public health prepa-
ration perform activities that do not
require it; they work under the direc-
tion of the supervisor of public health
nursing. Ontario is the only province
that has this requirement.
Ten nurses (0.3 percent) employed
in public health in Ontario have had
preparation at the master's level.
Of the 3,142 nurses working in the
public health field in Ontario, 842
nurses - over one-quarter - are em-
JUNE 1%7
ployed in occupational health. These
842 nurses are employed by 407 em-
ployers, indicating that these nurses
work in small isolated groups apart
from the mainstream of community
nursing. "This group of nurses shows
the highest percentage of nurses at the
basic diploma level of preparation,"
said Miss Black. "Yet these nurses in
their work with the family bread-
winner make a major contribution to
community health. A study is now un-
derway on the functions and activities
of these occupational health nurses,"
she added.
Children's Aid Societies also em-
ploy a high percentage of diploma
graduates (83 out of 112). Boards of
Education have the highest percentage
of graduates from baccalaureate pro-
grams - 24.5 percent; the Victorian
Order of Nurses is second highest with
19.5 percent. Miss Black believes that
the VON's early program of granting
bursaries to degree candidates may be
related to this higher percentage. Gov-
ernment bursaries for the degree
courses in public health nursing were
not available until 1965 - after the
recommendations of the Hall Royal
Commission Report.
The study began October 3, 1966;
thus it was completed in only six
months. Miss Black's committee in-
cluded: Miss C. Gray, Dr. E.N. Mac-
Kay, Miss C. Maddaford, Miss A.
Sayers, Miss S. Wallace, Mrs. L. Gra-
ham-Cumming (CNA representative).
Mrs. M. Outtier was field secretary for
the project.
Tables supplied by Miss Isabel Black.
These have been prepared for the study and
will appear in the complete report to be re-
leased later this year. An article on the
study will be submitted to the Canadian
Journal of Public Health. 0
THE CANADIAN NURSE 39
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40 THE CANADIAN NURSE
JUNE 1967
idea
exchange
Infant Seat for Fowler's Position
Wise use of existing equipment is
made by staff at The Children's Hos-
pital of Winnipeg. Recognizing that
small infants who cannot sit up and
are confined to crib still need visual
stimulation, they make judicious use
of the Infant Seat.
Further, children with respiratory
difficulty often should be placed in
semi-Fowler's position - especially
during croupette or steam treatments.
The plastic. easily-cleaned, light-
weight comfortable seats are ideal for
the job.
Scoot - Abouts
Young children in body casts or hip
spica for long periods are usually of
necessity confined to a boring exist-
ence flat in their crib.
Not so at The Children's Hospital
?f Winnipeg. There they not only join
In games on the floor, they are mobile,
too.
An ingenious Y -shaped padded
board on small caster wheels was de-
vised in the hospital carpentry shop at
the suggestion of nurses. Children in
hip spica, or even ordinary leg casts,
are strapped onto this cart and are
able to push themselves around with
their hands on the floor.
Head Halter
Patients can be positioned comfort-
ably when sitting up in a chair by
supporting them with pillows, but it is
often difficult to maintain this. Pa-
tients tire quickly and slump down so
they look most uncomfortable.
To overcome this problem a head
halter has been devised at the Neuro-
surgical Unit of Toronto General Hos-
pital to hold the head upright. They
have used it with much success. The
halter not only holds the head erect
but also enables the patient to support
his head independently at an earJier
stage in his convalescence.
The halter is made of a white nylon
material lined with flannelette. It is
both washable and durable. The chin
strap is contoured to fit comfort-
ably. Straps extend upwards from
the chin strap. These can be adjusted
to fit snugly over the head and are
held in place by Velcro tape. The
straps extend back from the fore-
head, are adjusted to fit snugly around
the head and are held in place by
Velcro tape. The head is held in place
by tie tapes attached to either side
of the halter. The method of attach-
ment will vary with the type of chair
used; there should always be a straight
pull to give the support needed to
keep the head upright.
X-ray Express
An "Express Train" is used to
transport children from the ward to
x-ray. physiotherapy or laboratory de-
partments at the Joseph Brant Memor-
ial Hospital, Burlington, Ontario. It
has been received with much delight.
The children enjoy riding in it and it
is a novel and safe experience as com-
pared to some wheelchair and stretch-
er accommodation for children; they
certainly seem to feel safe in it. The
staff have found that children enjoy a
trip to any department and do not
hesitate to hop in for their ride. It is
explained to them that "they are going
to have pictures taken," or some such
description, but they do not question
this.
The "Express Train" was made in
the hospital's carpentry shop with the
ingenious ideas of the maintenance
staff. Staff had seen something similar
advertised, but quite different in de-
sign. The front of the train is painted
bright red, the cabin is black with
gold edging and gold paint on the bell
and smoke stack.
There have been very favorable
comments from parents and doctors. It
has now been in use for approximately
eight months and seems to be a very
valuable addition to ward equipment.
The only major problem has been
to keep it from becoming a plaything.
The Canadian Nurse is always delighted to hear from readers with a "better idea." Send yours to share with your nursing colleagues.
JUNE 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 41
An attitude may be defined, follow-
ing Thurstone (1946) as the degree
of positive or negative effect associated
with some psychological object. This
article is concerned with the attitutk
of nurses to nursing: for it, the concept
"nursing" is considered a complex one,
denoting such things as the role of the
nurse and her relationship to the doc-
tor and to the patient; nursing edu-
cation programs; and the organiza-
tional structures within the profession.
It can be expected that the attitudes
of any particular group of people to
a psychological object will be related
to that group's belief concerning the
object. This article, therefore, also con-
cerns itself with such matters as nurses'
perceptions of their role. The attitude
of any particular group to a psycholog-
ical object can also be expected to
be influenced by any common personal-
ity traits among the members. For this
reason it is also necessary to consider
personality traits of nurses.
In 1960, the Canadian Nurses' As-
sociation reported that one-fifth of all
withdrawals from Canadian schools of
nursing was attributable to "a dislike
for nursing" on the part of the student
nurses. The association also reported
that both the number and percentage
of students who withdrew for this rea-
son have increased steadily since 1951.
This same dislike of nursing appears
to be an important factor in relation
to withdrawals from nursing after grad-
uation, according to studies. l
42 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Attitudes of nurses
.
to nursing
C. G. Costello, Ph.D.
4
Dr. Costello is Professor of Psychology,
the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta.
Why should so many young people
who have enthusiastically embraced
the idea of nursing as a career discover
that, in practice, they do not like it?
There are many contributing aspects
in::luding the personality of the stu-
dent, the nature of the educational pro-
cess, and the nature of nursing prac-
tice. Competent researchers and obser-
vers have examined various phases of
the complex background to the situa-
tion and, taken collectively, their find-
ings indicated that there may indeed
be a conflict between what the student
nurse hopes and expects to find in
nursing practice and what she actually
does find. If this is the situation, a fur-
ther conclusion would be that the rela-
tionship between the educational pro-
cesses and the practice of nursing
would be a rewarding field of research.
Two basic and undesirable possibili-
ties are inherent in this situation. Un-
necessary turnover in personnel - or
"drop-outs" to use a current term -
is expensive to the individual and to
the profession. The other possibility
emerges from the fact that because
of the nature of the work done by
nurses, job satisfaction is probably
more important than in most other
professions. A critical degree of dislike
may be necessary to impel a nurse to
leave the profession; but a lesser de-
gree of dislike may well inhibit high
standards of nursing praftice.
In the light of this, it appears ap-
parent that the profession should seek
the causes of the dislike of nursing
exhibited by so many people who, by
nature and instinct, believed they
would enjoy nursing. In some respects
the path to the necessary conclusions
is already well marked.
In 1963, George Van:! reported the
somewhat startling finding that those
student nurses who liked nursing best
were rated by supervisors as being
poorest in practical aspects of nursing.
JUNE 1967
Conversely, those students who disliked
nursing most were rated as being best
in practical aspects of nursing.
Van's interpretation of these results
was that the more intelligent students
are bored by repetitive work routines
and consequently tend to develop neg-
ative attitudes toward nursing. These
intelligent students, despite their atti-
tudes, are able to do their work bet-
ter than the other students. Van sug-
gests that his interpretation is given
some support by Dr. Weir's report 3
in 1932 that the median level of intel-
ligence of groups of student nurses in
Canada decreases progressively from
the first to the third year, indicating
apparently that the more intelligent
students drop out before completing
the course.
Other research data tend to s.upport
Van's interpretation. Olesen and Da-
vis 4 found that young student nurses
believed originality and creativity and
frequent innovation to be attributes of
the ideal nurse. As they approached
graduation they acquired a strong
aversion to the bureaucratic portions
of nursing practice. Brodt's investiga-
tion:l indicated that the neophyte nurse
envisions and expects more responsi-
bility and autonomy than the nursing
supervisor permits.
The findings of Smith tl suggest that
one of the reasons for the conflict be-
tween a nurse's expectation and the
exp
ctations of her supervisor arises
because of the discrepancies in the
perceptions of nursing held by head
nurses and nursing educators. Head
nurses, unlike nursing educators, tend-
ed to emphasize things such as con-
forming behavior, obedience, coopera-
tion.
These conflicts between the ideal
and real roles of nurses have been
highlighted in relation to psychiatric
nurses. Field and Pierce-Jones 7 found
that student nurses, staff nurses, and
instructors considered giving suppor-
tive emotional care the most important
aspect of the psychiatric nurse's role;
but they also found that administration
and supervision took up most of the
nurse's time.
Personality of nurse
In a profession where human rela-
tionships between the practitioner and
the patient are of dominant importance,
-
Table I - "0::::- VI -
"0
- \0 VI "0-
e
ê \0 e\O "00\ \0 eN
"'- 0\ "'0\ e- 0\ ",\0
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- "'- - 0\
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- e- -
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4)'-"
"'...... 0\ 4)0\ .J 4)", e -5N
.... "S
- "04) e4)
1;5- u_ u "0_
] 4) et::
=' 4) 4)'" .c >.4)
Ztn N 4) ø:: u .S:! 0 00
ø:: tn
U
Achievement - - - -
Deference + + + + +
Order + + - + + +
Exhibition - - -
Autonomy - - - - - - -
Affiliation - - -
Introceptio:l. - - +
Succorance + - -
Dominance - - - - -
Abasement + + +
N urturance + + +
Change - -
Endurance + + + + + +
Heterosexuality
- -
Aggression + - + + -
The I"esults. of studies of the pel"sonality of nUl"ses when compal"ed with
those of female coUege graduates. A plus (+) sign indicates that DUl'ses
have siwüficantly mOl"e of the particulal" need than coUege graduates.
A negative (-) sign indicates that they have significantly less of a need.
JUNE 1967
it is inevitable that the personality
of the nurse will influence her response
to the practice of nursing. If it can be
demonstrated that nurses have certain
personality traits in common, this fact
will be of importance in relation to
the attitudes of nurses to nursing.
Much of the work on the personal-
ity of nurses has involved the use of
Edward's Personal Preference Sched-
ule. 8 This personality test measures
the needs in 15 areas. The need areas
are listed below with a short descrip-
tion.
1. Achieve11U!nt
Need to do a difficult job well
2. Deference
Need to conform to custom
3. Order
Need to have things organized
4. Exhibition
Need to be the center of at-
traction
5. Autonomy
Need to be independent of
others in making decisions
6. Affiliation
Need to form strong attach-
ments
7. lntroception
Need- to analyze motives for
action
8. Succorance
Need for affection
9. Dominance
Need to supervise and direct
action of others
10. Abasement
Need to give in and avoid fights
11. N urturance
Need to help others
12. Change
Need to do new things
13. Endurance
Need to complete a job under-
taken
14. Heterosexuality
Need to be involved with
members of the opposite sex
15. Aggression
Need to attack contrary points
of view.
Most of the work has compared nurses
with female college graduates. The re-
sults of this work are summarized in
Table I.
The most striking thing about these
findings is that five out of the seven
studies indicate that nurses have a grea-
ter need for deference than female col-
lege graduates and have less need for
dominance. Six of the seven studies in-
dicate that they have less need for au-
tonomy and a greater need for endur-
ance. Five of the seven studies indi-
cate a greater need for order, but there
THE CANADIAN NURSE 43
is one study that reports a lesser need
for order on the part of nurses so
that it is as well to leave this finding
in the "doubtful" category.
These studies indicate that nurses
want to conform to custom and have
no strong desire to act independently
or supervise the work of others. They
also want to get on with a job until it
is completed.
There is no evidence to suggest that
nurses are being frustrated in their
work situation with regard to the com-
pletion of jobs - at least no more
so than others - so that one cannot
say much more about their high need
for endurance.
It has been established that the stu-
dent nurse thinks of nursing as a pro-
fession in which demands on originality
are made and in which there is little
bureaucracy. However, head nurses ap-
pear to de-emphasize such originality
and want the nurse to work under
close supervision. What is surprising is
that the personality of nurses would
seem to fit in with the head nurses'
expectations and with what appear to
be the reality of the nursing situation.
Healey and Borg 9 , using the Guilford
Martin Personnel Inventory, also found
evidence of the submissiveness of
nurses.
There is also evidence that these
conclusions may in fact be an over-
simplification of a complex situation.
Other researchers, Garrison,IO Gry-
grier,ll and Gynther and Gertz,12
found that those who were rated as
good student nurses by the supervisors
had more dominant personalities than
those rated poorly.
To recapitulate: Evidence indicates
that student nurses obtain from their
educators an image of a nurse as an
original thinker and an innovator. The
increasing emphasis on a liberal educa-
tion for student nurses will probably
strengthen the image. During the time
a nurse is a student, dominant behav-
ior would appear to be an asset.
Probably at this stage, dominance will
express itself in situations such as
group discussions rather than in prac-
tical decision-making. When the stu-
dents graduate, they take positions
that demand conformity, rather than
originality. Dominance and autonomy
will now be undesirable traits. As a
group, nurses do not show these lat-
ter traits. Why is this?
Is it because most of the dominant
original thinkers will have left, leaving
a few dominant original ones who
will take the senior positions in nurs-
ing? Or do nurses mould their person-
alities to fit in with the expectations of
their supervisors?
That the second alternative may be
the correct one is suggested by the
44 THE CANADIAN NURSE
finding of Morrisonl:i that nursing
students who show in their self-reports
a greater commitment to the nursing
profession also show a greater con-
cordance between their perception of
their own personalities and their per-
ception of a typical nurse than did
those students with a lesser commit-
ment to nursing. Kilbrick and Tiede-
man 14 have also found that during
a period of adjustment, a tenant of
any position will attempt a restruc-
turing of the position or the self so
that they both fit.
Whatever the interpretation of these
findings it seems quite clear that there
is a problem demanding intensive in-
vestigation and research.
If a selection process is occurring
that leads less dominant students to
remain in nursing, then nursing edu-
cators will have to alter their aims and
place less emphasis on innovation and
originality of thought. This is so, be-
cause if nurses generally lack domin-
ance, the educators' aims cannot be
realized. Furthermore, the nurse in
many cases will be impressed by the
image presented to her by the nursing
educators and if, for personality rea-
sons, she does not fit the image well,
she is likely to be discontented.
On the other hand, such a selection
process may not be going on. It may
be that a different process is occurring:
Students have been presented with an
image of a relatively autonomous orig-
inal thinker and have been rewarded
for such behavior as a student; this
is followed by a position in which
these attributes are neither expected
nor rewarded. This results in the stu-
dent having to acquire less dominant
behaviors. Once again, many nurses
can be expected to be unhappy be-
cause by the time they reach gradua-
tion age any changes in their persona-
lity that they can effect are bound to
be superficial ones.
In professions that may involve
emergency situations, such as the arm-
ed forces, considerable amount of obe-
dience and conformity may be requir-
ed. Is such obedience and conformity,
therefore, essential to nursing where
life may be at stake? In other words,
are nursing supervisors being more
realistic than nursing educators? Does
it depend on the particular area of
nursing? It would seem that agree-
ment must be reached on the kind of
person a nurse must be and what
kind of role she must fill. Selection
and education would then be able to
proceed on a more realistic basis.
References
I. Diamond, Lorraine K. and Fox, David
J. Turnover among hospital staff nurses.
Nurs. Outlook Vol. 6, July. 1958.
2. Van, George. Nursing attitudes. Canad.
Hosp. 40:41-43, July, 1963.
3. Weir, G. M. Survey of Nursing in
Canada. Toronto, The University of
Toronto Press. 1932.
4. Olesen, V.L. & Davis, F. Baccalaureate
students' images of nursing. Nurs. Res.
15:151-158, 1966.
5. Brodt, D. E. The neophyte nurse: a
role expectation study. Nurs. Res. 13:
255-258, 1964.
6. Smith, K. M. Discrepancies in the role
- specific values of head nurses and
nursing educators. N urs. Res. 14: 196-
202, 1965.
7. Field, W. E. and Pierce-Jones, J. Role
perception and acquisition in psychiatric
nursing. Nurs. Res. 16:61-66, 1967.
8. Edwards, A. L. Edwards Personal
Preference Schedule. New York. Psy-
chological Corporation, 1959.
9. Healey, I. & Borg, W. R. The voca-
tional interests of nurses and nursing
students. J. Educ. Res. 46:347-352,
1953.
10. Garrison, K. C. The use of psycholog-
ical tests in the selection of student
nurses. J. Appl. Psychol. 23:461-472,
1939.
II. Grygier, P. The personality of student
nurses. 1m. J. Soc. Psychiat. 2:105-112,
1956.
12. Gynther, M. V and Gertz, B. Personal-
ity charasteristics of student nurses in
South Carolina. J. Soc. Psychol. 56:
277-284, 1962.
13. Morrison, R. L Self-concept implement-
ation in occupational choices. J. Cotm-
!;el. Psychol. 9:285-260, 1962.
14. Kilbrick, A. K. and Tiedeman, D. V.
Conception of self and perception of
role in schools of nursing. J. Counsel.
Psychol. 8:62-69, 1961. 0
JUNE 1967
research abstracts
Tiffney, Helen Patricia. Guidlines for an
inserl'ice education program for general
dilly nurses in a rehabilitation unit.
London, 1965. Thesis (M.Sc.N.) Univ.
of Western Ontario.
This study is concerned with developing
guidelines for an inservice education pro-
gram for general duty nurses in a rehabilita-
tion unit. The key concepts of rehabilitation
and the perceived role of the nurse in such
a nursing specialty were determined through
an investigation of the available literature.
To discover the competency of the grad-
uate duty nurse's performance on employ-
ment in a rehabilitation unit, information
was sought through a questionnaire survey
of the agencies in Canada that offer re-
habilitation services. Through an interview
survey of a selected number of agencies,
the author obtained information regarding
the nature and extent of inservice education
provided for the graduate nursing staff.
The findings reveal that the new general
duty nurse requires intensive and extensive
assistance to become prepared to function
optimally in her role in a rehabilitation
unit. The interviews in selected agencies
revealed that certain factors, such as phys-
ical facilities, equipment, and organization
and preparation of personnel, hinder the
fulfillment of the nurse's role in rehabita-
tion.
On the basis of these findings, certain
implications were derived. Specific recom-
mendations were made regarding ways to
improve the initial preparation of profes-
sional nurses, as well as their continuing
education, to enable them to provide intel-
ligent and meaningful care for the chron-
ically ill and disabled.
Lee, Margaret Naomi. Preferences for uni-
versity teaching as the career goal of
baccalaureate students of nursing grad-
uating from selected universities in
Canada. New York, 1966. Thesis (Ed.
D.) Columbia University.
The purpose of this study was to dis-
cover how graduating baccalaureate stu-
dents of nursing viewed university teaching
as a career goal. It had four objectives:
I . 10 find how graduating baccalaureate
students of nursing in Canada ranked uni-
versity teaching as a career goal in com-
parison with other leadership positions;
2. to determine how respondents' opinions
JUNE 1967
agreed with expert opinions expressed in
the literature regarding academic prepara-
tion for nurse-faculty; 3. to discover how
they viewed university teaching as an oc-
cupation; and 4. to make recommendations
based on the data regarding the encourage-
ment of students in baccalaureate programs
10 consider university teaching as a career
goal.
A questionnaire designed to gather the
data was pretested and revised. Six univer-
sities were visited and data gathered from
303 senior students of nursing; those reg-
istered in basic programs and in post-
basic programs numbered 80 and 223, res-
pectively. Data were analyzed in these
two groupings. A tally of choices made
from paired comparisons was used to dis-
cover how university teaching ranked with
other leadership positions. Respondents indi-
cated: l. their plans for further education;
2. preferred position of nursing leadership
5 and 10 years following baccalaureate
graduation; 3. whether or not they had dis-
cussed university teaching with nurse-faculty;
and 4. their parents' educational level.
Respondents' opinions regarding mini-
mum and most desirable qualifications for
nurse-faculty were compared with expert
opinions found in the literature. Res-
pondents indicated on two scales their reac-
tions to a series of statements regarding
the working lives of university nurse-
faculty.
The findings indicated that university
teaching ranked as first choice for res-
pondents from basic programs and second
choice for respondents from post-basic
programs. In neither group did the opin-
ions of the majority agree with those of
experts regarding minimum academic pre-
paration for nurse faculty. Of respondents
who chose university teaching: l. 34 came
from basic programs and 65 from post-
basic programs; 2. only a minority chose it
for 1971 and 1976; 3. a minority from
both groups had discussed their choice with
nurse-faculty; 4. a minority from basic
programs would seek academic preparation
to qualify as nurse-faculty; and 5. the
majority from basic and post-basic pro-
grams were young enough to justify the in-
vestment of time and money necessary to
become qualified nurse-faculty. Respon-
dents' reactions to a series of statements
concerning the working lives of nurse-
faculty showed wide disparity of opinion.
Three of the universities could expect to
graduate a total of 12 respondents register-
ed in basic baccalaureate programs.
As a result of the findings of this study,
it is recommended that students interested
in a university career as nurse-faculty
should: l. consider its inherent responsi-
bilities and its advantages and disadvant-
ages; 2. know the general academic stan-
dards required in Canada for university
teachers and the opinions of experts regard-
ing academic standards for nurse-faculty;
3. be encouraged to discuss university teach-
ing with faculty from other disciplines and
with qualified nurse-faculty; 4. apply for
admission to graduate or doctoral programs
that prepare university teachers of nursing;
and 5. be encouraged to regard university
teaching as a stable, developing career.
More information is urgently needed regard-
ing working lives and employment condi-
tions for nurse-faculty in Canada.
General recommendations are: l. more
students should be encouraged to consider
university teaching as a career goal; 2. fur-
ther studies to determine the career choices
of baccalaureate graduates need to be car-
ried out; 3. the minimum and most desir-
able academic standards for nurse faculty
should be established and published widely;
and 4. more specific data regarding faculty
and students in university programs in nurs-
ing are needed.
O'Sullivan, Sister M. Celestine. A study
of the unit manager concept in action.
London, 1964. Thesis (M.Sc.N.) Univ.
of Western Ontario.
An attempt was made in this study to
determine the advantages and disadvantages
of a unit manager system operational in
one hospital, and to determine the feasi-
bility and desirability of initiating a unit
manager system in relieving the head nurse
of non-professional and non-nursing activi-
ties. Information was obtained through field
experience at a particular hospital that
utilizes a unit manager program, and
through data gathered by questionnaire
from eight hospitals that have or have had
a unit manager system.
In concluding the report, guidelines are
detailed that could be functional if an
experimental study of a unit manager pro-
gram were initiated in one of these four
general hospitals operated by a religious
community. It is anticipated that these
guidelines could be modified and adapted
for a similar experimental study in the
three remaining general hospitals.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 45
books
Programmed Instruction in Arithmetic,
Dosages, and Solutions, by Dolores
F. Saxton, R.N.. B.S., M.A., and John
F. Walter, Sc.B., M.A. 56 pages. Saint
Louis, Mosby, 1966.
Reviewed by Mrs. E.M. Orr, former
director of nursing, The Ontario Hospital,
Brockvil/e, Ontario.
Advertised as the first book to be pro-
grammed by a mathematician and applied
by a nursing specialist, this publicatio:J
is a reliable mathematical aid to the stude1"t
nurse. Confident in its authority, she will
more readily relate her high school teach-
ing to the sdence of calculating dosages
safely.
The new method of programming, the
Skinner or linear method, affords the
student the time, outside the classroom. to
examine her own accuracy and her ground-
ing in mathematics, or lack of it. It
provides, also. the seclusion for reviewing
and progressing at one's own rate.
This conveniently-handled and attractive
wire-o-bound book presents its material in
three parts. The first part contains a review
of Roman numerals, fractions, decimals.
percentage, and ratio and proportion - all
of which is basic and pertinent to phar-
macology. With the template provided in
a pocket inside the front cover, the student
conceals the answer while reading the
explanatory remarks and question. Im-
mediately she is able to slide the template
down the page and compare her answer
with the correct one provided in the margin.
Part two presents the systems of measure-
ment. It includes conversion between the
centigrade and fahrenheit scales, the apo-
thecaries', metric and household systems,
as well as the equivalents and conversion
between the systems. Part three deals with
the mathematics involved in computing
dosages from tablets, capsules, powders,
and prepared strength liquids, and from
drugs manufactured in systems other than
the apothecaries' and metric. It also includes
dosages for infants and children and the
preparation of solutions from pure drugs,
tablets, and prepared strength solutions.
As an aid to the instructor in preparing
her material for classroom and laboratory
presentation, the text provides mathematical
explanations and questions that embrace
a wide range of drugs with their common
dosage range. their marketed form, some
situations in which they are prescribed,
time spacing and the me1hod of calculating
and preparing the correct dosage.
This book should be a valuable support
46 THE CANADIAN NURSE
to the student in becoming a safe person
to administer drugs.
Foundations of Anatomy and Phy-
siology, by Janet S. Ross, R.G.N..
R.F.N., and Kathleen J.W. Wilson. B.Sc..
R.G.N., S.C.M. 451 pages. Toronto,
Macmillan Company of Canada, 1965.
Reviewed by Mrs. Geraldine Nakonechny,
instructor in anatomy and physiology,
University of Alberta Hospital, Edmon-
ton, Alberta.
This text was designed to introduce the
subject of anatomy and physiology in a
simple form and the authors have met this
objective.
Content is presented according to sys-
tems with an added chapter on basic nutri-
tion that precedes the digestive system.
Information is current and well summarized.
although perhaps somewhat too brief in
aspects of physiology. Each chapter is well
organized.
Many realistic and uncomplicated dia-
grams, almost one per page, are used to
illustrate the subject material. Excellent
use of color and shading has contributed
to the clarity of these diagrams.
This book could be used as a text for
student nurses in conjunction with supple-
mentary readings from other sources.
Graduate nurses would find it a quick
reference. Anyone returning to nursing
after some abscence would appreciate the
additional feature of conciseness.
The Foundations of Nursing by Lillian
DeYoung, R.N., B.S., M.S. 279 pages.
Saint Louis, Mosby, 1966.
Reviewed by Miss S. M. Burkinshaw,
director, school of nursing, Kingston
General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario.
The reader gains an immediate impres-
sion of the purpose of the book from the
Preface. The sections are clearly defined in
the Table of Contents and the material is
presented in a way that is in keeping with
the progress of the nursing student through
the stages of her preparation. A compre-
hensive index is found at the end of the
book.
The topics are well covered and thè
information is up-to-date. Although some
of the material is especially pertinent for
nurses practicing in the United States, the
same information can be applied to nursing
in Canada.
This excellent book deals with questions
that arise in all nursing students' minds
at some junction of their basic nursing
course. It would be of great assistance to
those who expect to take nursing positions
following graduation. It discusses job oppor-
tunities and the responsibilities that are
assumed by applicants when they seek and
accept positions.
This book is highly recommended as a
required reading text in schools of nursing,
and should be available in school of nurs-
ing libraries.
Taking the Hospital to the Patient,
Home Care for the SmaU Com-
munity by John R. Griffith, SS pages.
Battle Creek, Michigan, W. K. Kellog
Foundation, 1966.
Reviewed by Miss Mary E. Gibbon, nurse
administrator, Guelph-Wellington Home
Care Program, Guelph, Ontario.
This is a report on four separate home
care programs in small communities, fin-
anced by the W. K. Kellogg Foundation.
The four American cities ranged in popula-
tion from 13,000 to 35,000. The programs
do differ somewhat in their organization
and terms of reference but they are all
hospital-based programs. However, unlike
Canadian hospital-based programs, they do
admit patients directly from the community.
It is interesting that these four home care
programs seem to have flourished moderate-
ly well without a base of established com-
munity services, such as visiting nurses and
homemakers, to draw upon. In two pro-
grams the nurse coordinator (the equiv-
alent of our nurse administrator) was not
qualified in public health nursing. On the
other hand, the two programs that did
have trained public health nurses were able
to aUract a relatively greater number of
p
tients and were apparently able to pro-
vide a service that was more satisfactory
to their physicians.
In one area the bedside care was taken
on by the official public health nurses. In
two other programs hospital nurses worked
part-time in home visiting. The fourth
program used full-time nurses and assigned
them permanently to the home care pro-
gram. It had sufficient patients to afford
this policy.
All four programs established a me1hod
by which the medical staff supervised the
activities of home care. Each hospital ap-
pointed a physician to participate regularly
in program activity. The principal duty of
the medical staff representative is to attend
a weekly meeting with the home care per-
sonnel, and review patients with them. There
is considerable direct communication with
individual doctors but the presence of a
JUNE 1967
Next Month
in
The
Canadian
Nurse
· The adolescent
in hospital
· Problems of
hemophilia
· Programmed instruction
b
Photo credits
Julien LeBourdais, p. 18
Burlington Gazette, p. 40
University of Toronto, p. 40
JUNE 1967
books
specific physician has been found useful
in all programs.
These programs emphasize the fact that
small hospitals cannot afford to restrict
the availability of home care. They do
not restrict the kinds of patients they will
treat. The services provided are those need-
ed by the patient whether this is only one
service or several. Generally speaking, the
amount of service given seems to be low
compared to other home care programs.
The programs are financed by the in-
dividual hospita1s. Some patients have
insurance that covers home care, others
pay themselves. For those patients who do
not have any insurance to cover hos-
pitalization, home care is a great financial
help. The average cost per day for these
programs is between three and four dol-
lars. The budget for the programs ranged
from $10,000 to $25,000.
These four home care programs, although
differing from one another, do show that
the benefits of home care are possible in
communities that have very few established
community services.
Hospital Policy Decisions: Process
and Action, by Arthur B. Moss, Wayne
G. Broehl, Jr., Robert H. Guest, and John
W. Hennessey, Jr. 332 pages. Toronto,
Macmillan of Canada, 1966.
Reviewed by Sister F.L. Rooney, assist-
ant administrator, Holy Family Hospiwl,
Prince Albert, Saskatchewan.
This is detailed empirical study of the
policy process in three general north-
eastern hospitals in the United States. It
is the result of the combined effort of
four researchers working over a two-year
period and is intended to provide a basis
for policy makers to reexamine ways of
thinking about process.
It is a unique study in its examination
of the dynamics of the policy process at
several organizational levels. It moves
into largely uncharted areas and deals with
controversial and uncertain points. The
authors focus continually upon the impact
of key roles of the governing board, ad-
ministrator and medical staff on the sel-
ection of goals and development of policies.
Comparisons are made of ways of devel-
oping, stating, implementing, and evaluating
policies in an organization that embraces
collaborative activity among widely diver-
gent group.
The book has been organized into six
parts, four of which contain the substance
of field ana1ysis, each part centering in
depth on a particular function, role, or
process. In the fifth part, budget mech-
anism is dealt with as a vehicle for drawing
together knowledge diffused among the
ACCESSOIRES POSEY
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Moyen confortable et peu coûteux de moin-
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No. V-958, prix: $7.20 chocune.
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Entreposés au Canada
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64, rue Gerrard est
Toronto 2, Canada
THE CANADIAN NURSE 47
reference text it will prOve valuable to
many involved in policy making.
books
Practical Nutrition for Nurses by Ann
M. Brown, B.Sc., M.N.S., S.R.D. 133
pages. London, William Heinemann Med-
ical Books Ltd., 1966.
Re,'iewed by Miss Bernice M. Ward,
B.Sc., lecturer, School of Nursing, Uni-
versity of Alberta.
board. medical. and administrative staffs.
Part six builds up the conclusions of
the analysis. Throughout the study the
theme of interrelationships is used.
This is an interesting study and will
prove enriching, especially to board mem-
bers and medical staff. A practical bib-
liography concludes the text, and serves
as a good source for further study. As a
The purpose of this book as stated by the
author, is to give the nurse an insight into
the broader aspects of the science of nu-
ONE-STEP PREP
..
.
with
FLEET ENEMÞ:
single dose
disposable unit
FLEET ENEMA's fast prep time obsoletes soap and
water procedures. The enema does not require warm-
ing. It can be used at room temperature. It avoids the
ordeal of injecting large quantities of fluid into the
bowel, and the possibility of water intoxication.
The patient should preferably be lying on the left side
with the knees flexed, or in the knee-chest position.
Once the protective cap has been removed, and the
prelubricated anatomically correct rectal tube gently
inserted, simple manual pressure on the container
does the rest! Care should be taken to ensure that
the contents of the bowel are completely expelled. Left
--. :: , =-
-<>,_ colon catharsis is normally achieved in two to five
minutes, with little or no mucosal irritation, pain or
spasm. If a patient is dehydrated or debilitated,
hypertonic solutions such as FLEET ENEMA, must
be administered with caution. Repeated use at short
intervals is to be avoided. Do not administer to children
under six months of age unless directed by a physician.
And afterwards, no scrubbing, no sterilisation, no
preparation for re-use. The complete FLEET ENEMA
unit is simply discarded!
Every special plastic "squeeze-bottle" contains 4'12
fl. oz. of precisely formulated solution, so that the
adult dose of 4 fl. oz. can be easily expelled. A patented
diaphragm prevents leakage and reverse flow, as well
as ensuring a comfortable rate of administration.
Each J 00 cc. 01 FLEET ENEMA conta;n.:
Sodium biphosphote................. 16 gm.
Sodium phosphate ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6 gm.
For our brochure: "The Enema: Indications and Techniques",
containing full information, write to: Professional Service
Deportment, Charles E. Frosst & Co., P.O. Box 247,
Montreal 3, P.Q.
)
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'OUNDlD IN CANADA IN Ing
48 THE CANADIAN NURSE
trition and dietetics. In the space of 133
pages one could hardly do more.
The chapters are co"Úined to one topic
and are very short and concise so that the
reader does not lose interest through a lot
of detail.
Topics discussed include the three major
food types, minerals, vitamins, nutrition in
different groups, and in pregnancy and lacta-
tion. food habits and hygiene, nutrition in
the hospital, and, finally, an interesting
chapter on world food problems.
In each chapter, normal nutrition is
followed by a discussion of dietary mod-
ifications, sample menus, and helpful teach-
ing points.
Some inclusions in the text make it less
suitable for use in Canada, e.g., in recipes
for preparation of food, there is reference
to brand name products that are not readily
available here and in the sample menus
quite a number of foods are listed that are
not common table fare, except perhaps in
the coastal regions.
The author gives the historical back-
ground of discoveries and research that
have advanced our knowledge of nutrition
and uses a wide variety of quotations by
famous people to emphasize a point. These
certainly do add to the pleasure of reading
the book.
The text has an international flavor in
that dietary patterns and deficiencies of
various cultures of the world are discussed.
Because of the above-mentioned points.
the book may have limited use as a text in
Canadian nursing programs but would be
a valuable addition to a school library as
a reference book.
films
New psychiatric treatment technique
Reinforcement Therapy is a recently re-
leased black-and-white film that describes
a new psychiatric treatment technique. This
new method has also been described as "be-
havior modification."
The film shows three experimental pro-
grams that apply learning theory to Iht:
treatment of mentally and emotionally dis-
turbed children and adults, and to the
teaching of the mentally retarded.
The basic principle involved is that cer-
tain behaviors are a function of conse-
quences; reward and punishment serve to
regulate behavior.
The film would be useful in educational
programs for student nurses. It may be bor-
rowed from Smith Kline & French Labora-
tories, 300 Laurentian Blvd., Montreal 9.
P.Q.
Measles eradication
The Death of the Spotted Dragon is an
8-minute, color, sound film describing the
JUNE 1967
films
measles eradication program carried out by
the Rhode Island Medical Society on Jan-
uary 23, 1966. The film was prepared as
part of the infonnation blitz for the U.S.
national campaign to wipe out measles.
The one-day program to vaccinate all
susceptible children between I and 12 years
of age required coordination and coopera-
tion of all community resources; the film
shows how all community resources can
be brought into action on a public health
issue.
The film would be helpful for public
health nurses, and also could be used ef-
fectively with lay audiences. It would be
especially useful for showing to volunteer
groups if a vaccination program is planned.
The film can be obtained on loan from the
National Film Board.
Drug Addiction
Hooked is a 20-minute, black and white,
sound film. It describes the experiences of
drug addiction told in the words of former
young addicts. These young people tell of
the shocking devastation of their experience
and speak with the voice of reality rather
than authority. It is mainly directed toward
the rebellious youth group.
It was prepared for high school students,
but also would be of interest to nursing stu-
dents.
accession list
Publications in this list of material receiv-
ed recently in the CNA library are shown
in language of source. The majority (refe-
rence material and theses, indicated by R
excepted) may be borrowed by CNA mem-
bers, and by libraries of hospitals and
schools of nursing and other institutions.
Requests for loans should be made on the
"Request Form for Accession List" (page
50) and should be addressed to: The Li-
brary, Canadian Nurses' Association, 50
The Driveway, Ottawa 4. Ontario.
BOOKS AND DocUMENTS
I. Elementary rehabilitation nursing care;
a manual for nurses and ancillary workers
in nursing homes, hospitals, convalescent
facilities and public health agencies. Prepar-
ed by Colorado State Dept. of Health Edu-
cation and Welfare, Public Health Service,
Division of Nursing, 1966. 99p.
2. Great societies and quiet revolutions.
Report of Canadian Institute on Public Af-
fairs, 35th Couchiching Conference, 1966.
Ed. by John Irwin. Toronto, Canadian
Broadcasting Corporation, 1967. 129p.
3. Hospital policy decisions: process and
action by Arthur B. Moss and others. New
York, Putnam's, 1966. 332p.
JUNE 1967
4. Instructors' guide and reference. Re-
print. Toronto, Canadian Red Cross S0-
ciety, Water Safety Service, 1966. Iv. (va-
rious paging)
5. An introduction to psychiatric nursing
by David Boorer and Heather Ðoorer. 1st
ed. Oxford, Pergamon Press, 1966. 175p.
6. The lamp and the book; the story of
the RCN 1916-1966 by Gerald Bowman.
London, Queen Anne Press, and Royal Col-
lege of Nursing and National Council of
Nurses of the United Kingdom, 1967. 206p.
7. The law and procedure of meetings in
Canada by William Graham Craig. Toron-
to, Ryerson, 1966. 9Op.
8. National libraries: their problems and
prospects; Symposium on National Libraries
in Europe, Vienna, 8-27 September 195R.
Paris, UNESCO, 1960. 125p.
9. Nurses' handbook of fluid balance by
Nonna Milligan Metheny and William D.
Snively, 1st ed. Philadelphia. Lippincott.
1967. 279p.
10. The shifting scene; building for
strength; papers presented at the 21st con-
ference of the Council of Member Agen-
cies of the Department of Baccalaureate and
Higher Degree Programs. New York. 1967.
40p.
11. A study in labour market lJdjustmcnt
PLAN FOR A LIFETIME
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Marriage i. a ...pon.ibility that of tell re.
quire. both .piritual and medical aui.tance
from profe..ional people. In many in.tance.
a nurse may be called upon for medical
counsel for the newly married young wo-
man, mother, or a mature woman.
"To Plan For A Lifetime, Plan With Your Doc-
tor" i. a pamphlet that was written to auist
in preparing a woman for patlent-phy.ician
di.cu..ion of family planning method.. The
booklet .t...... the importallce to the indi.
vidual of ..Iecting the method that mo.t
.uits her ..Iigiou., medical, and psychological
need..
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Nur... are invited to u.e the coupon below
to order copies for u.e a. an aid in coun-
..lIing. They will be .upplied by Mead John-
son Laboratarie. a. a free service.
Mea!Wirrm
LABORATORIES
'l\t:rcon;l1lùr Li/è
I ORDER FORM
I
I Plea.. .end
I Name
I Addr...
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cople. of "To Plan For A Lif.time, Plan With Your I
Doctor" to:
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To: Mead John.on Laboratorie.,
111 St. Clair Avenue We.t,
Toronto 7, Ontario.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 49
accession list
by J.T. Montague and J Vanderkamp. Van-
couver. University of Briti
h Columbia.
1966. I 34p.
PAMPHLETS
12. Cillquième rappurt. Genève. Organisa-
tion mondiale de la Santé. Comité d'experts
des soins infirmiers, 1966. 34p.
13. Clues fur parellIs about alcohol alld
dru[!s. Toronto, Addiction Research Foun-
dation of Ontario, 1967? 52p.
14. Documelll reproduction sen'ices by
F. Donker Duyvis and M.E. Schippers. Pa-
ris, UNESCO, 1961. Bp.
15. Guide on recommended employmelll
tandards for registered nurse positions.
Phoenix, Arizona, Arizona State Nurses'
Association. 1965. 12p.
16. The impact of the great society on
public health practice by Edward S. Rogers.
New York. American Nurses' Association.
1966. 32p.
17. Microphotography in the library by
Alfred Gunther. Paris, UNESCO, 1962. 26p.
18. The nurse scielllist. Cleveland. Ohio.
Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing,
Western Reserve University, 1966? 15p.
19. The role of the licensed practical
nurse ill disaster approved by American
Nurses' Association and National Federa-
tion of Licensed Practical Nurses, New
York, 1966. 8p.
20. Three approaches to disaster nursing:
a symposium presented at the 45th biennial
convention of the American Nurses' Asso-
ciation, San Francisco, Calif., June 15, 1966.
New York, American Nurses' Association,
1967. 25p.
GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS
Canada
21. Bureau of Statistics. Canada one
hundred 1867-1967, Ottawa, Queen's Print-
er, 1967. 504p.
22. Dept. of Labour, Women's Bureau.
Facts alld figures about women in the la-
bour force 1966. Ottawa, 1967. 14p.
23. Dept. of Manpower and Immigration,
Manpower Information and Analysis
Branch. Program Development Service. Ca-
reer outlook unh'ersity graduates 1966/67-.
Ottawa, Que'en's Printer, 1966. 73p.
24. Royal Commission on Health Ser-
vices. La formation infirmière au Canada
par Helen Kathleen Mussallem. Ottawa,
Imprimeur de la Reine, 1966. 144p.
25. Royal O>mmission on Health Services.
Study of chiropracters, osteopaths and na-
turopaths in Canada by Donald L. Mills.
Ottawa, Queen's Printer, 1966. 294p.
26. Royal Commission on Health Services.
Voluntary health organizations in Canada
by Elizabeth S.L. Govan. Ottawa, Queen's
Printer, 1966. 202p.
United Stales
27. Dept. of Health. Education and Wel-
fare. Public Health Service. Hospital sen-ices
in the U.S.S.R.; report of the U.S. delega-
tion on hospital systems planning. June 26
- July 16, 1965. Wilshington, U.S. Govt.
Print. Off., 1966. 76p.
28. Dept. of Health. Education and Wel-
fare. Public Health Service. No lallRhiliR
matter; the cartoonist focuses on air pol-
lution. Washington. U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,
1966. Iv. (n.p.)
STUDIES DEPOSITED IN CNA REPOSITORY
COLLECTION
29. A comparisoll of patients' progress
in the intensil'e care unit and ill general
wards by Virginia G. Dacanay. Montreal
1965. Thesis (M.Sc. Appl) - McGill Uni-
versity. 42p. R
30. A study of the behal'ior of nursing
students during a categorization task by Jo-
Montreal, 1965. Thesis (M.Sc. (Appl)
McGill University. 46p. R.
31. A study to identify the bases on
which nurses ill hospitals make decisions
concerning patients by Isabel T. Colvin.
Montreal, 1965. Thesis (M.Sc.cAppl)
McGill University. 46p. R.
Hospital Insurance Commission
Province of Nova Scotia
Requires the services 01 a
NURSING COUNSELLOR
Request Form
for "Accession List"
CANADIAN NURSES'
ASSOCIATION LIBRARY
Send this coupon or facsimile to:
LIBRARIAN, Canadian Nurses' Association,
50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario.
Please lend me the following publications, listed in the
...... issue of The Canadian Nurse,
or add my name to the waiting list to receive them when
available.
Item Author Short title (for identification)
No.
MINIMUM QUALIFICATIONS: Registered Nurse with Bachelor's De.
gree in Nursing; several years' ex.
perience at supervisory level; some
teaching experience an asset but nof
essential.
Assess all phases of nursing service
and nursing education in hospitals;
conduct studies and research proiects
in the field of nursing; act os odvisar
to hospitals and the Commission in
all malters related to nursing.
DUTIES:
SALARY:
$5,700 - $7,800 commensurate wifh
qualifications and experience.
Full Civil Service benefits.
Further particulars may be obtained
from the Nora Scotia Hospital tnsurance Commission, P.O. Box
1057, Halifax, Nora Scotia.
Request for loans will be filled in order of receipt.
Reference and restricted material must be used in the
CNA library.
Borrower
Registration No.
Position
Application forms may be ob.
tained from the NOVA SCOTIA CIVIL SERVICE COM.
MISSION, P.O. Box 943, Halifax, Nova Scotia or the
PROVINCIAL BUILDING, Sydney, Nova Scotia.
No. ASS71
Address
Date of request ....
JUNE 1%7
50 THE CANADIAN NURSE
diploma or degree nurse
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Go South to Syracuse and See!
Youll find friends at State UnIverSIty
HospItal of the Upstate Medical Center
at Syracuse. a modern 350-bed teaching
hospital In the CanadIans favorite U.S
cIty.
You II also find a helpful adminIstration
professional level salaries (up to sa 476
to start. depending on your Qualifying
education and experience).
Fine benefits. too Eleven paId holidays.
13to 20 paId vacatIon days. sound three-
way health Insurance plan and special
collegiate education programs.
Above all. you'li find patient-centered
educatIonal atmosphere In whIch youll
best have the opportunity to be the kind
of nurse you want to be. and receive the
rewards you deserve.
STATE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF THE UPSTATE MEDICAL CENTER AT SYRACUSE, N. Y.
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0 I'd like to talk with you when I'm in Syracuse
6CN67 (date) (time) .
. 0 Please send me application forms
MIss Adele Wr.Rl'lt. R.N.
. Director of Nursing Services Name .
::a
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t tbe Address
Syracuse. New York, U.S.A. 13210 City Province
4.............
JUNE 1%7
THE CANADIAN NURSE 51
classified advertisements
ALBERTA
BRITISH COLUMBIA
DIRECTOR OF NURSING required immediately for
19-bed active treatment hospital with plans for ex-
pansion in immediate future. Residence accommoda-
han available, MSI and Blue Cro.. in effect. Salary
commensurate with experience. Apply to: Administra-
ror
Manning Municipal Hospital, Manning, Alberta.
1-59-1
REGISTERED NURSES (3) required immediately for
!9-bed active treatment haspital with plans for
expansion in immediate future. Two doctors. Res-
idence available. MSI and 81ue Cross in effect.
Salary $380-$450/mo. Apply ta: Directar of Nursing,
Manning Municipal Hospital, Manning, Alberta.
1-59-2
R.N. needed for General Duty, in 16-bed haspital,
100 miles Narth af Calgary, an poved Highway.
Summer resort 16 miles. Position has opportunity
af advancement ta Director of Nursing. Apply Elnara
General Haspital, Elnara, Alberta. 1-35-IA
Registered Nurses for General Duty in modern 30-
bed hospital in southern Alberta. Salary range
from $380 - $440 with credit for past experience.
Residence accommodation available - with main-
tenance - at $45 per manth. Medical, hospital,
and pensian plans in effect. Apply ta: Director of
Nursing, Border Counties General Hospital, Milk
River, Alberta. 1-100-1
General Duty Nur.e. for active, accredited, well.
equipped 64-bed hospital in growing town, population
3,500. Salaries range fram $380-$440 cammensurate
with experience, other benefits. Nurses residence.
Excellent personnel policies and working conditions.
New modern wing opened this year. Good commu-
nications to large nearby cities. Apply Director of
Nursing, Brooks General Haspital, Brooks, Alberto.
I.13-IB
ADVERTISING
RATES
FOR ALL
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING
$10.00 for 6 lines or less
$2.00 for each additional line
Rates for display
advertisements on request
Closing date for copy and cancellation is
6 weeks prior to 1st day of publication
month.
The Canadian Nurses' Association has
not yet reviewed the personnel policies
of the hospitals and agencies advertising
in the Journal. For authentic information,
prospective applicants should apply to
the Registered Nurses' Association ot the
Provonce in which they are interested
in working.
Address correspondence to:
The
Canadian
Nurse
b
50 THE DRIVEWAY
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO
52 THE CANADIAN NURSE
I I
ALBERTA
General Duty Nurse. far 64-bed active treatment
haspital, 35 miles south af Calgary. Salary range
$380 - $450. Living accammodatian available in sep-
arate residence if desired. Full maintenance in
residence $45.00 per manth. Excellent Personnel
Policies and working conditions. Please apply to:
The Director of Nursing, High River General Hos-
pital, High River, Alberta. 1-46-IA
GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Madern 26-bed hospital
clase ta Edmonton. 3 buses daily. Salary $380 to
$450 per month commenSurate with experience.
Residence available $35.00 per manth. Excellent
personnel policies. Apply: Director of Nursing,
Mayertharpe Municipal Hospital, Mayertharpe, Al-
berto. 1-61-1
GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 94-bed General Hos-
pital located in Alberta's unique Badlands. $380.
$440 per manth, approved AARN and AHA per-
sannel policies. Apply to: Miss M. Hawkes, Directar
af Nursing, Drumheller General Hospital, Drumhel-
ler, Alberta. 1.3 I -2A
NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active 30-bed hospital,
recently constructed building. Town on main line of
the C.P.R. and an Number 1 highway, midway
between the cities of Calgary and Medicine Hat.
Nurses on stoff must be willing and able to take re-
sponsibility in all deportments of nursing, with the
exceptions of the Operating Room. Recently renovated
nurses' residence with all single rooms situated on
haspital graunds. Apply ta: Mrs. M. Hislop, Adminis-
trator and Director of Nursing, Bassano General Hos.
pital, Bassano, Alberta. 1-5-1
GENERAL DUTY NURSES - Salary range - $4,320
to $5,460 per annum, 40 haur week. Modern living-
in facilities available at moderate rates, if desired.
Civil Service holiday, sick leave ond pension bene-
fits. Starting salary commensurate with training
and experience. Apply to: Superintendent of Nurses,
Baker Memorial Sanatorium, Box 72, Calgary,
Alberta. 1-14.3 A
General Duty Nurses for new 50-bed active General
Haspital situated midway between Calgary and
Edmantan an main highway. Salary range $380 to
$450 with recognition given for experience. Full
maintenance available in nurses' residence for $45
per month. Positions available for both summer
relief and permanent employment. For further in-
formation please write to: Mrs. E. Harvie, R.N.,
Lacombe General Haspital, Lacambe, Alberta.
I.54-JA
O.R. Nurse and General Duty R.N.'s required for
a 70-bed haspital in Narthern Alberta. Far further
particulars please apply to: The Director of Nursing,
Peace River Municipal Hospital, Peace River, Alber-
ta. 1-69-1
STAFF NURSES required for Grande Prairie Health
Unit. Generalized program plus special programs
planned for local needs. Grande Prairie is a city
af 12,000 population with well-develaped year-
round recreational and educational facilities. Start-
ing salary tar P.H.N. with experience is $479.00 per
month. Please address replies to Doctor R. T. Pagan,
M.O.H., Grande Prairie Health Unit, 10104-99th
Avenue, Grande prairie, Alberta. 1-42-3
BRITISH COLUMBIA
ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL, VICTORIA, B.C.: Invites
B.C. Registered Nurses (or thase eligible) la apply
far these positians: SUPERVISOR far a 42-bed Psychia-
tric Unit. HEAD NURSE far madern Past-Operative
Recovery Roam. GENERAL STAFF tar Psychiatric Unit.
Apply indicating preparation and experience to:
Director of Nursing, Victoria, British Columbia.
2-76-4A
Operating Room Supervisor ($458 - $556). Male ar
female, far active 1M-bed hospital. Post-graduate
training desirable. Salary and personnel policies in
accordance with RNABC agreement. Residence
accommadatian available (female). Apply in detail
to, Director of Nursing, Trail-Tadanac Hospital,
Trail, B.C. 2-72-2
A Medical-Surgical Nursing Instructor, with University
preparatian, far a 450-bed hospital with a school af
nursing, 150 students. Apply: Sister Mary Ranalda,
M.N., Director, Schoal af Nursing, St. Joseph's Has-
pital, Victaria, B.C. 2-76-58
I I
Operoting Room Hood Nurse ($464 - $552) General
Duty Nurses (B.C. Registered $405 - $481,
on-Regis-
tered $390) for fully accredited I 13-bed hospital in
N.W. B.C. Excellent fishing, skiing, skating, curling
and b:Jwling Hot springs swimming neorby. Nurses'
residence, room $20 per month. Cafeterio meals.
Apply: Director af Nursing, Kitimat Generol Hospital,
Kitimot, British Columbia. 2.36-1
Rayal Jubilee Haspital, Victoria, B.C., invites B.C.
Registered Nurses (or those eligible) to apply for
positions in Medicine Surgery and Psychiatry. Apply
to: Director of Nursing. Victoria, British Columbia.
2-76-4A
B.C. R.N. for General Duty in 32 bed General Hospi-
tal. RNABC 1967 salary rate $390 - $466 and fringe
benefits, modern, comfortable, nurses' residence in
attractive community close to Vancouver, B.C. For
application form write: Director of Nur'Sing, Fraser
Canyan Hospital, R.R. I, Hope, B.C. 2-30-1
Registered or non-registered General Duty Nurses
and Nursing Assistants (3 required immediately)
for new 3J-bed, active treatment hospital, located
rdt
ce So:ï't
C
. N
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si
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nab
:
Apply in writing ta: Directar of Nursing, 100 Mile
District General Hospital, 100 Mile House, British
Calumbia. 2-50-2
General Duty Nurses far active 30-bed hospital.
RNABC palicies and schedules in effect, also Narth-
ern allowance. Accommodations available in res-
idence. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital.
Fart Nelsan, British Calumbia. 2-23-1
General Duty Nurses far madern 85-bed haspital.
Salary $390.00 to $466.00. Recognition for experi-
ence. Industry - gas, oil and agriculture. Situated
60 miles from Peace River Dam Proiect. Apply:
Director of Nursing, Providence Hospital, Fort St.
John, B.C. 2-24-'
General Duty Nurses far new 30-bed haspital
located in excellent recreational area. Salory and
personnel policies in accordance with RNABC. Com-
fortable Nurses' home. Apply: Director of Nursing,
Boundary Hospital, Grand Forks, British Columbia.
2-27-2
General Duty Nurses (2 immediately) for active,
26-bed hospital in the heart of the Rocky Mountains,
90 miles trom Banff and lake Lauise. Accommoda-
tion avoilable in attractive nurses' residence. Apply
giving full details of training, experience, etc. to:
Administrator, Windermere District Hospital, Inver-
mere, British Columbia. 2-31-1
General Duty Nurse for well-equipped 25-bed ha.-
pital in the beautiful Robsan Valley. RNABC salary
schedule in effect also northern allowance. Resi-
dence accommodation available. Apply: Directar
of Nursing, McBride and District Hospital, McBride,
Bristish Columbia. 2.40.1
GENERAL DUTY NURSES far well-equipped 48-bed
General Hospital in the Okanagan Valley. RNABC
policies in effect. Apply to: Director of Nursing, St.
Martin's Haspital, Oliver, British Columbia. 2-50-1.
GENERAL DUTY NURSES (Two) for active 66-bed
haspital, with new haspital to apen in 1968.
Active in-service programme. Salary range $390 to
$466 per manth. Personnel policies according ta
current RNABC contract. Hospital situated in beauti.
ful East Kootenays af 8ritish Columbia, with swim-
ming, golfing and skiing facilities readily available.
Apply ta: The Director at Nursing, St. Eugene Has-
pital, Cranbraok, British Calumbia. 2- I 5. I
GENERAL DUTY NURSES - for 109.bed hospital in
expanding Narthwestern British Calumbia City. Salary
$405 to $481 for B.C. Registered Nurses with recagni-
tion for experience. RNABC contract in effect. Gradu-
ate Nurses nat registered in B.C. paid $390. Benefits
include comprehensive medical and pension plans.
Travel allowance up to $60 refunded after ane
year', service. Comfortable modern residence accom-
modatian at $15 per manth, meals at cost. Apply ta:
Director of Nursing, Prince Rupert General Hospital,
551 -5th Avenue East, Prince Rupert, B.C. 2-58-2A
General Duty O. R. and experienced Obstetrical
Nurses far madern, 150-bed haspital lacated in the
beautiful Fraser Volley. Personnel policies in ac-
cardance with RNABC. Appl r. to: Directar af Nursing,
Chilliwack General Hospifa, Chilliwack, British Ca-
lumbia. 2-13-1
JUNE 1%7
The Saskatchewan
Registered Nurses'
Association
Invites applications
for the position of
NURSING SERVICE
ADVISOR
The applicant must have advan-
ced preparation and experience
in Nursing Service.
For further information and ap-
plication form,
Please contact:
MISS VERA SPENCER
President - SRNA
No. 8 - 3838 Retallack Street
Regina, Saskatchewan
REGISTERED NURSES
FOR
GENERAL DUTY
In modern, 220-bed, fully accre-
dited General Hospital located
in a thriving farming and in-
dustrial community 135 miles
from Metropolitan Winnipeg on
the Trans Canada Highway and
60 miles from beautiful Clear
lake resort. Almost new, well-
equipped hospital providing
quality patient care and friendly
working environment. Salary
$375-$460, five increments. Ex-
cellent personnel policies.
Apply in confidence to:
Director of Nursing,
BRANDON GENERAL HOSPITAL
Brandon, Manitoba.
JUNE 1967
II
UNITED STATES
UNITED STATES
Registered Nurses, Coreer satisfaction, interest and
professional growth unlimited in modern, JCAH DC.
credited 243-bed hospitol. locoted in one of Colifor-
nia's finest oreas, recreational, educational and cul-
turol advantoges are yours as well as wonderful
year-round climate. If this combination is whot
you're looking for, contact us now!Stoff nurse en-
trance salary $575-$600 per month; increases to
$700 per month; supervisory positions at highest
rates. Special area and shift differentials to $54 per
month. Excellent benefits include free heallh and
life insurance, retirement, credit union and liberal
personnel policies. Professional staff appointments
available in all clinical areas to those eligible for
California licensure. Write today: Director of Nursing,
Eden Hospital, 20103 lake Chabot Rood, Caslro Vol-
ley, California. 15-5-12
REGISTERED NURSES - for sunny California_ Excit-
ing expansion program requires nurses for all serv-
ices-Maternity. I.C.U.. Specialized Surgery, etc. Excel-
lent orientation and in-service programs. Promotional
opportunities for Head Nurses and Supervisors. Con-
genial atmosphere where progress begins with pa.
lient core. Salary $550 to $650 for Slaff Nurses.
Good shift differential and fringe benefits. "Come
grow with us". Mr. Ken Clarke, R.N. - Director of
Nursing Services, Greater Bakersfield Memorial Hos-
pital. P.O. Box 1888, Bakersfield. California 93303.
Write or call collect 805 - 327-1792. 15.5-5A
Nurses for new 75-bed General Hospital. Resort
area. Ideal climate. On beautiful Pacific ocean.
Apply to: Director of Nurses, Soulh Coos I Com-
munily Hospital. South laguna, California. 15-5-50
CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS
REQUIRED FOR
SCHOOL
OF
NURSING
SARNIA
H 0 S P
GENERAL
I TAL
. Excellent working conditions with opportunity for creative thinking in
nursing education and freedom to use new ideas.
. Modern classrooms and facilities. Present student enrollment - 95.
. Plans are in progress for a Regional School.
. Good starting salary with special consideration for experience or
degree.
. Minimum qualifications - Diploma in nursing education.
Apply: Personnel Director, Sarnia General Hospital, Sarnia, Ontario, Can.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 53
BRITISH COLUMBIA
GENERAL DUTY NURSES - Salary - non - B.C.
registere" $375 per month - B.C. registered $390.
$466, depending on experience. RNASC policies in
effect. Nurses' residence available. Group Medical
Health Plan. All winter and summer sparts. Apply,
Director of Nursing, Cariboo Memorial Hospital, Wil
Iiams lake, British Columbia. 2-80- I A
General Duty and Operating Room Nu.... for 70-bed
Acute General Hospital on PaÓfic Coast. B.C. Regis-
tered $390 - $466 per month (Credit for experience).
Non B.C. Registered $375 - Practical Nurses B.C. li-
censed $273 - $31 I per month. Non Registered $253.
$286 per month. Board $20 per month, room $5.00 per
month. 20 paid holidays per year and 10 statutory
holidays after 1 year. Fore paid from Vancouver.
Superannuation and medical plans. Apply: Director of
Nursing, St. George's Hospital, Alert Bay, British
Columbia. 2-2.1 A
Genera' Duty, Operating Room and Experienced
Obstetrical Nur.e. for 434-bed hospital with school
of nursing. Salary: $372-$444. Credit for past ex.
perienc!t and postgraduate training. 40-hr. wk. Stat-
utory holidays. Annual increments; cumulative sick
leave; pension plan; 28-days annual vacation; B.C.
registration required. Apply: Director of Nursing.
Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, British
Calumbia. 2.73-13
General Duty and experienced Operating Room
Nurse for 54-bed active hospital in northwestern B.C.
\967 salaries: B.C. Registered $405, General Duty
B.C. Non-Registered, $390, RNABC personnel policies
in effect. Planned rotation. New residence, room and
board, $50 1m. T.V. and good social activitie..
Write: Director of Nursing, Box 1297, Terrace, British
Columbia. 2-70-2
General Duty and Operating Room Nurse. for
modern 450-bed haspital with School of Nursing.
RNABC policies in effect. Credit for past experience
and postgraduate training. British Columbia registra-
tion required. For particulars write to: the Director of
Nursing Service, St. Joseph's Hospital, Victoria, British
Columbia. 2-76-5
GRADUATE NURSES for 24.bed ho.pital, 35.mi. from
Vancouver, on coast, salary and personnel prac-
tices in accord with RNABC. Accommodation availa-
ble. Apply, Director of Nursing, General Hospital,
Squamis", British Columbia. 2-68-1
Graduate Nurse. for busy 21-bed hospital, prefer-
ably with obstetrical experience. Friendly at-
mosphere, beautiful beache., local curl ing club.
Own room and board $40 month Salary $390 for
Gen. Duty Registered Nurse.; Salary $375 for non-
Registered Nurse, plus recognition for post graduate
experience. Apply, Matron, Tofina General Hos.
pital, Tofino, Vancouver Island, British Colum
1_1
Graduate Nurs.. for General Duty in modern 188-
bed hosp,tal in city (20,000) an Vancouver Island.
Personnel policies in accordance with RNABC poli-
cie.. Starting .alary for R.N. $372. per manth. Apply
to: Director of Nursing, Regional General Hospital,
Nnnaimo, British Columbia. 2-46-1
STOP! Summer is iust around the corner and with
it Vacations & Staff Changes. Applicatians will be
received for positions on the staff of our modern
80-bed general hospital .ituated in the Fraser Valley
convenient to Vancouver, Okanagan Valley, Van-
couver Island and Seattle. Accommodatian available
in Staff Residence. RNABC. Persannel Policies in
effect. Apply to: Director of Nursing, langley Me-
morial Hospital, Murrayville, B.C. 2-44.\
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES, B.C. Civil Service. Salary,
$476-$580 per month, car provided. Interesting and
challenging professional service with opportunities for
tran.fer throughout beautiful B.C. Apply to, B.C.
Civil Service Commission. 544 Michigan Street,
VICTORIA, B.C.
COMPETITION No. 67:57. 2-76-7
MANITOBA
Registered Nur..: Required far SO.bed general hospital
in Fort Churchill, Manitoba. Starting salary $500 per
month. Return fare from Winnipeg refunded after one
year's service. For particulars write to: Director of
Nursing, General Hospital, Fort Churchill.. Manitoba.
3-75.1
Regi.tered Nur.e for 17-bed hospital at Melita, Man-
itoba. Salary range $395-$480. Generaul persannel
policies. FuJI detail. available on reque.t. Apply:.
Administrator, Willon Memorial Hospital, Melita,
Manitoba. 3-37-1
54 THE CANADIAN NURSE
I I
MANITOBA
Registred Nurle: Position available, effective as loon
a. po.sible, at GlENBORO HOSPITAL a 16-bed
ho.pital, located 100 miles west of Winnipeg on
No. 2 Highway. Excellent residence accommodation
available. Starting salary January I, 1967 - $395
per month. Incrementl allowed for experience. Per
sonnel Policy Manual and application forms on
request with no obligation. Please forward all en-
quiries to, Mr. S. A. Ole.on, Bax t30, Glenbora,
Manitoba. Telephone No. "5 or No. 17. 3-28.1 A
Applications are invited from R.N:I currently reg is.
tered in Manitoba for the position of matron in
17-bed hospital at Grandview, Man. Please state
salary expected. Some experience preferred and
allowance made for same. Board and room avai
lable in residence at realonable rates. Personnel po-
ticies on request. Enquiries should include experience
and qualifications. Apply to, Grandview Ho.pital,
Box 8, Grandview, Man. 3-29-1
Regi.tered Nurse' for 18-bed hospital at Vita Manitoba,
70 miles from Winnipeg. Daily bu. .ervice. Salary
range $390 - $475, with allowance far experience.
..0 hour wee
, 10 statutory holiday., 4 weeks paid
vacation after one year. Full maintenance available
for $50 per month. Apply: Matran, Vita Districl
Hospital, Vita, Manitaba. 3-68-1
Regiltered Nursel and Licenled Practical Nurle. for
modern 48-bed acute care hospital in Mantoba's
anly Paper Tawn, 80 miles from Winnipeg, excep-
tional recreational facilities - close to beach areas.
Salary range - Registered Nurses $395-$480, licens-
ed Practical Nurse. $270-$310, with consideration for
past experience. Modern residence, excellent person.
nel policies. Apply, Mrs. M. Gald, Direclor of Nurs-
ing, Pine Fall. General Hospital, Pine Fall., Man-
itoba, or phone callecl 367.8379. 3-44-1
REGISTERED NURSES for General Duty in 20-bed
Haspital. Salary range $405 to $490 per manth. liv-
ing accommodations available. Generous Personnel
Policies. Apply to, Direclor af Nur.ing, Restan Com-
munity Hospitol, Reston, Manitoba. 3-46-2 A
NOVA SCOTIA
REGISTERED NURSES far 53-bed medium and long-
term active treatment hospital in a progressive city.
Particulars on request. Apply to: Director of Nursing,
Halifax Civic Hospital, 5938 University Avenue, Hali-
fax, Nova Scotia. 6- I 7-1 0 A
Regi.tered and Graduate Nur.e. for General Duty.
New hospital with all modern conveniences, also,
new nurses' residence available. South Shore Com-
munity. Apply ta: Superintendant, Queens General
Hospital, liverpool, Nova Scatia. 6-20-1
Regi.tered Nurse. for 21-bed ho.pital in pleasant
community -- Eastern Shore of Nova Scotia. Apply:
Superintendent, Eastern Shore Memorial Hospital,
Sheet Harbour, Nava Scatia. 6.32-1
GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Position. available far
Registered Qualified General Duty Nurses for 138-
bed active treatment hospital. Residence aCcom-
modation available. Applications and enquiries will
be received by:: Director of Nursing, Blanchard-Fraser
Memorial Ha.pital, Kentville, Nova Scotia. 6-19-1
ONTARIO
.....i.tant Director of Public Health Nursing for ex-
panding Health Unit, generalized program in Wei-
land County. Duties to commence at mutual conev-
nience, salary open, usual allowances and fringe
benefits. Apply to, Direclor, Weiland and Di.trict
Health Unit, King Street at Faurth, Weiland, Ontaria.
7-141.2
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING SUPERVISOR - Applica-
tion. .ought for s
ervisory position. Sudbury and
District Health Unit. Requires Diploma in advanced
Public Health Nursing and Supervision ar Baccalau-
reate degree with administration. For details apply:
The Director, Sudbury and Districl Health Unit, SO
Cedar Street, Sudbury, Ontaria. 7-1 27-5B
Public Health Nurse far active, pragressive Health
Unit with generalized pragramme. Salary $5200-
$6500 per annum; four weeks' vacation after one
year; usual emplayee benefits. Apply ta Supervisor
of Public Health Nursing, Fort William and Di.-
trict Health Unit, 900 Arthur Street, Fart William,
OnTaria. 7-47-4
I I
ONT...RIO
Regi.tered Nune. for 34-bed haspital, min. .alary
1387 with regular annual increments to maximum
of $462. 3-wk. vacation with pay; .ick leave after
6-mo. service. All Staff - 5 day "40-hr. wk., 9
statutory holidays, pension plan and other benefits.
Apply to, Superintendent, Englehart & Di.trict Hos-
pital, Englehart, Ontaria. 7.40-1
REGISTERED NURSES required for 100-bed haspital in
the Model Town af the North. All usual fringe
benefits available and a limited amount af livig-in
accommodation. Salary range for general duty nurses
$415 - $..85 depending on qualification. and ex-
perience. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Sensenbren-
ner Hospital, Kopu.kasing, Ontaria. 7-62-1
REGtSTERED NURSES (IMMEDIATELY) for a new 40-
bed hospital. Nurses' residence - private rooms with
bath - $20 per month. Minimum .alary $4\5 plus
experience allowance, 4 semi-annual increments.
Reply to: The Director af Nursing, Geraldtan District
Hospital, Geraldton, Ontaria. 7-50-1 A
Regiltered Nursel. Applications and enquiries are
invited for general duty pOlitionl on the stoff of the
Manitouwadge General Hospital. Excellent .alary
and fringe benefits. liberal policies regarding ac.
commodation and vocation. Modern well..equipped
33-bed ho.pital in new mining town, about 250-mi.
ea.t of Part Arthur and north-west of White River,
Ontario Pop. 3,500. Nurses' residence comprises indi.
vidual self-contained apts. Apply, .tating qualifica.
tions, experience, age, marital Itatus, phone number,
etc. to the Administrator, General Hospital, Mani-
touwadge, Ontaria. Phone 826-3251 7-74-1 A
Regi.tered Nune., Basic .alary $400 per manth, and
full maintenance $45/m. Supervisory advancement
opportunnities. Resident accommodations available;
Hospital situated in tourist town off lake Huron.
For further information write: Superintendent, Sau-
geen Memorial HOlpital, Southampton, Ontario.
7-122-\
REGISTERED NURSES required immediately for 53-
bed hospital. Minimum salary $415. Three weeks
vacation, pension, life and medical insurance, 8
statutory holidays, 40 hour week. Air, roil and road
communicatian. Northern hospitality. Apply to, Direc-
tor of Nurses.. Porcupine General Hospital, South
Porcupine, Onto 7-123-1
Regi.tered Nurse. for 18-bed (expanding to 36 bed)
General Hospital in Mining and Resort town of 5,000
people. Beautifully located on Wawa lake, 140 miles
north of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Wide variety of
summer and winter sports including swimming, boot-
ing, fishing, golfing, skating, curling and bowling.
Six churches of different faiths. Salarie. comparable
with all northern hospitals. limited bed and board
available at reasonable rate. Excellent personnel
policies, pleasant working conditions. Apply to:
Director of Nursing, The lady Dunn General Hospital,
Box 179, Wawa, Ontario. 7-140-1 B
Regiltered Nur.el and Regiltered Nurling Alsiltants
for 100-bed General Ho.pital, situated in Northern
Ontorio. Salary range $415 - $455 per month, RNA's
$273 - $3t7 per manth, shift differential, annual
increments, 40 hour week, OHSC and P.S.I. plans in
effect. Accommolation available in residence if
desired. For full particulars apply to: The Director
of Nurses, lady Minto Hospital, Cochrane, Ontario.
7-30-1 B
Regiltered Nurse. and Regiltered Nursing Alsiltants
are invited to make application to our 75-bed,
modern General Hospital. You will be in the Vaca-
tionland of the North, midway between the lakehead
and Winnipeg, Manitoba. Basic wage for Registered
Nurses is $408 and for Reg istered Nursing As.istants
is $285 with yearty increments and consideration for
experience. Write or phone: The Director of Nursing,
Dryden DiltricT General Haspital, DRYDEN, Ontario.
7-26-IA
Regiltered Nurse. and Regiltered Nursing Alilitonts
for 160-bed accredited hospital. Starting .alary $4\5
and $285 re.pectively with regular annual incre-
ments for both. Excellent personnel palicies. Resid-
ence accommodation available. Apply to: Director af
Nursing, Kirkland & District Hospital, Kirkland lake,
Ontaria. 7.67- I
Regiltered Nurses and Registered Nurting Alliston's
for 123-bed accredited ho.pital. Starting .alary $400
and $255 respectively with regular increments for
both. Usual fringe benefits. For full information,
apply to: Director of Nurling, Dufferin Area Hos-
pital, Orangeville, Ontario. Phone 941.2410. 7-90-1
Regiltered Nurse. and Regiltered Nurling Alliltants
required for 215-bed accredited hospital. For salary
rate. and personnel policie. apply to, Directar af
Nursing, Norfalk General Hospital, Simcoe, Onto
7-118-1
JUNE 1%7
,
.
.
.
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Exciting Albany Medical Center, that's where! You'll enjoy ·
your work at the fastest-growing teaching hospital in upstate ·
.
New York. And you'll enjoy your surroundings, too. . . including .
the summer music festivals of the Philadelphia and Boston .
Symphony Orchestras. . . thrilling horse racing at Saratoga. .. .
scenic Lake George and the Adirondack Mountains. . . and the ..
bright lights of nearby New York City. Our career opportunities ·
for nurses are the best ever! For details, send for our free :
booklet, "Albany Medical Center Nurse." .
.
.
.
GO!... Where the ACTION is!
Albany Medical Center Hospital
JUNE 1967
.
I
,
Ormandy conducts at Saratoea Performine Arts Center
Mrs. Helen Middleworth, Director, Nursing Service
Albany Medical Center Hospital
Albany, New York 12208
Please send me a free copy of your nursing booklet.
NAME .............
ADDRESS ........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WI
CiTY.............. . STATE .... __. _ ..ZiP.........
THE CANADIAN NURSE 55
ONTARIO
Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants.
Starting Salary for R.N. is $415 ond for R.N.A. is $300.
Allowance for experience. Excellent fringe benefits.
Write; Mrs G. Gordon, Superintendent, Nipigon Cis.
triet Memorial Hospital, Box 37, Nipigon, Ontario.
7-87-1
Registered Nurse and Registered Nursing Assistantl
in modern 100-bed hospilol. siluoled 40 miles from
Ottawa. Excellent personnel policies. Residence
accommodation available. Apply to: Director of
Nursing. Smilhs Foils Public HospilOI. Smilhs Foils,
Ontario. 7-120-2A
R.gist.r.d Nurs.s for Gen.ral Staff and Operating
Room. Accredited 23S-bed. modern. General Hospital.
Good personnel policies. Beginning salary $400 per
month, recognition for experience, annual bonus plan.
Planned in-service programs. Assistance with trans-
porlalion. Apply: Direclor of Nursing. Sudbury Me-
morial Hospital, Regent Street, S., Sudbury, Ontario.
7-127-4 A
General Staff Nurses and Registered Nur.ing As.i..
tants are required for a modern, well-equipped General
Hospilal currently expanding to 167 beds. Silualed in
a progressive community in South Western Ontario, 30
miles from Windsor-Detroil Border. Salary scaled 10
experience and qualifications. Excellent employee
benefits and working conditions plus an opportunity
to work in a Patient Centered Nursing Service. Write
for further information to: Miss Patricia McGee, B.
Sc.N., Reg.N. Director of Nursing, Leamington District
Memorial Hospital, Leamington, Ontario. 7.69-1 A
Registered or Graduate Nurses, required for modern
92-bed hospilal. Residence accommodation $20 monlh.
Iy. Overseas nurses '^ e/come. Lovely old Scollish
Town near Ottawa. Apply: Director of Nursing, The
Great War Memorial Hospilal. Perlh. Ontario. 7-100-2
Regi.tered Nurses for General Duty in well.equipped
28-bed hospilal. localed in growing gold mining
and tourist area, north of Kenora, Ontario. Modern
residence with individual rooms; room, board and
uniform laundry only $50/m, 40-hr. wk.. no splil shift.
cumulorive sick time, B statutory holidays and 28
day paid vacation after one year. Starting salary
$430. Apply 10: Matron. Margarel Cochenour Memo-
rral Hospital. Cochenour, Ontario. 7.29-1
REGtSTERED NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active
accrediled well equipped 2B-bed hospilal. 30 miles
from Ottawa. Residence accommodation. Good per-
sonnel policies. Apply to: Administratrix, Kemplville
Districl Hospilal. Kemptville, Onlario. 7-63-1
REGISTERED NURSES required FOR GENERAL DUTY in
o modern fully accrediled 3oo.bed hospilal. Excellenl
working conditions, good personnel policies, -40 hour
week, 9 statutory hol idays, 3 weeks annual vaca-
lion. Apply giving full parliculars 10: Personnel
Director, General Hospital, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario.
7-115-1
Regi.tered Nurses for General Duty in 100.bed hos-
pital, located 30'mi. from Ottawa, are urgently re-
quired. Good personnel policies, accommodation
available in new staff residence. Apply: Director of
Nursing, District Memorial Hospital. Winchester, On-
Iorio. 7-144-1
General Duly Nur... for 66.bed General Hospilal.
Storting salary: $405/m. Excellenl per.onnel policies.
Pension plan, life insurance, etc., residence aCCom-
modation. Only 10 min. from downtown Buffalo.
Apply: Direclor of Nursing, Douglas Memorial Ho..
pilal. ForI Erie. On Iorio. 7-45-1
General Duty Nur.es for active General 77-bed Hos-
pital in heart of Muskoka Lakes area: salary range
$400 - $460 with consideration for previous experience;
excellent personnel policies and fringe benefits:nurses'
residence available. Apply to: Director of Nursing,
Huntsville District Memorial Hospital, Huntsville, On-
Iorio. 7-59-t
Gen.ral Duty Nur... for 100.bed modern hospilal.
Southwestern Ontario, 32 mi. from London. Salary
commensurate with experience and ability; $398/m
basic salary. Pension plan. Apply giving full par-
ticulars to: The Director of Nurses, District Memorial
Hospilal. Tillsonburg. Onlario. 7-131-1
Gen.ral Duly Nur.e.. C.rtified Nur.ing A.si.tants &
Op.rating Room T.chnician (l) for new 5O-bed hos-
pital with modern equipment, 40-hr. wk., B statutory
holidays, excellent personnel policies & opportunity
for advancement. Tourist town on Georgian Boy.
Good bus connections to Toronto. Apply to: Director
c..f Nurses, General Hospital, Meaford, Ontario. 7-79-J
OPERATING ROOM NURSES (2) for a fully ac.
ered ited 70-bed General Hospilal. For Operating
Room Duly. Salary according 10 .xperience. Apply to:
O.R. Supervisor, Penetanguishene General Hospital,
Penetanguishene. Ontario. 7-99.2
56 THE CANADIAN NURSE
I I
ONTARIO
Qualified Public Health Nur... required for expand-
ing generalized program in leading resort area.
Attractive salary ranges, fringe benefits, and travel
allowance. For full delail. please conlacl: W. H.
Bennett. M.D.. D.P.H.. Medical Officer of Heallh.
Muskoka and Dislrict Health Unit, Box 1019. Brace-
bridge, Onlario. 7-15-2
Public Health Nurses - General program. salary
range $5.030 10 $6.148 plu. cosl of living bonu..
presenlly 3%. Slarting salary relaled to experience.
Generous car allowance, cumulative sick leave
monlh vacation. Employer shared O.M.E.R.S. and
Canada Pension Plan, medical and hospital insurance.
Apply to: Dr. E.G. Brown. M.O.H.. Kent County
Health Unit. Chalham. Ontario. 7-24-4
Assistant Supervisor, Public Health Nursing, for ac.
tive, progressive Health Unit, with generalized pro-
grams. A challenging opportunity for creative per-
son with good knowledge of Public Heallh nursing.
Considerable experience in this field essential, and
cO.Jrse in Administration or Degree desirable. Year
round sports paradise and seat of progressive Uni-
versity and Communily College. Apply: Director.
ForI William and District Health Un ii, 900 Arthur
Streel, ForI William. Onlario. 7-47-4
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES (qualified) required for
Health Unil silualed on Lake Huran. Pre.enl .Iaff
to be increased in order to provide an increased
geriatric service to Ihe communily. Salary $5.100-
$6.300, wilh allowance for experience. One monlh
vacation after one year; caf allowance; cost of
medical and hospitalization insurance shared by
employer. Apply 10: Direclor and Medical Officer
of Health, Huron County Health Unit. Gaderich.
Ontario. 7-51-2
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES (QUALlFtED) Staff
positions available in the City of Oshawa. Duties to
commence as saon as possible. Generalized program
in an official agency. Salary $5.658 to $6.507.
Beginning salary according to experience. Liberal
personnel policies and fringe benefits. Apply to: Mr.
D. Murroy. Personnel Officer. Cily Hall. 50 Cenlre
Street. Oshawa. Ontario. 7-92-2 A
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES for .cenic urban and rural
heallh unit. close 10 the Capilal Cily in the Upper
Ottawa Valley Tourri.t Area. Good .ummer and
winter recreational facilities. Personnel palicies pre-
sently under review. Direct enquiries to: Dr
R. V.
Pelers. Director. Renfrew Counly Heallh Unit. 169
William Streel. Pembroke. Ontario. 7-9B-2 A
Public Health Nurses for generol ized programme in
a Counly-Cily Health Unil. Salary schedule $5.400
10 $6,600 per annum. 20 days vacation. Employer
shared pension plan, P.S.I. and hospitalization.
Mileage allowance or unit cars. Apply to: M;ss
Veronica O'Leary. Supervisor of Public Health Nurs-
ing. Pelerborough Counly-Cily Health Unit, P.O.
Box 246, Pelerborough, Onlario. 7-101-4A
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES required in attractive dis-
trict bordering Lake Erie. Salory range $5.000-$6,000.
Personnel policies include car allowance r OMERS
and Canada Pension plans; 50% P.S.I. onO Hospilal
Insurance, cumulative sick leave and liberal vacation.
Apply 10: Dr. B.P. Harris, Director, Elgin-St. Thomas
Heallh Unit. St. Thomas. On Iorio. 7-113-2
Public Health Nun.. for expanding Health Unil.
generalized program, in Weiland County, duties to,
commence at mutual convenience. For personnel
policcies, salaries and other information. Apply to:
Direclor. Weiland and District Health Unit. King
Street at Fourth. Weiland, Onlario. 7-141-2 A
Vacancies for Staff Pubtic H.atth Nun... Salary
range $5.207 10 $6.59B. Usual benefits, for detail.
apply: The Direclor, Sudbury and District Health
Unil. 50 Cedar Slreet. Sudbury, Onlario. 7-127-5A
QUEBEC
R.gi.tered Nurs.. for 56-bed accrediled General
Hospital. Accommodation available in molel fype
residence complete with outdoor swimming pool.
Salaries as approved by Q.H.I.S. Apply: Director of
Nursing. The Barrie Memorial Hospital, Ormstown,
Quebec. 9-52-1
ATTENTION: EXPO 67: Private rooms and .emi-
private for Expo at a nurses' residence in a new
house. one mile from Expo. $15 a day per per-
son, breakfast included and transportation to and
from Expo .ite. $10 per per.on for room only.
Reserve nOw Apply: Mde Marguerile Richard.
R.N.. 3585 Beauford, Ville Bro..ard, Qu'.
9-86-3
MALE REGISTERED NURSE - Required 10 .faff fir.1
aid posl 01 Arctic Airporl for the monlh. of June
to September. Salary $750.00 per monlh. Free
board and tronsporlalion. Apply Tower-Foundation
Joint Venture. Suite 15, 1390 Sherbraok. Slreel
W.st, Montreal. Tel.phone: 849-3551. 9.47-68
I I
QUEBEC
NURSE FOR CHILDREN'S SUMMER CAMP. We re-
quire a Nurse for our boys' camp in the Lauren-
tians for six week.. beginning on July 4. Reply 10
I. Waldmon, 5619 Rand Ave.. Montreal 29. P.Q.
9-47-61
SASKATCHEWAN
Dir.ctor of Nursing for a modern 36-bed hospilal.
Position open August I. t967. This hospital is fully
a;r conditioned and opened in J964. A suite is
available in a new residence. Salary is in accor-
dance wilh Ihe SRNA recommendalions. Apply sIal.
ing qualifications and salary expected to: Mr. J. L.
Fawcett, Administrator, Rosetown Union Hospital,
Roselown. Saskalchewan. 10-111-1
Matron and R.gi.tered Nun.. for 12-bed ho.pilal
01 St. Walburg, Saskatchewan. Salary .chedules
will be bosed on Ihe SRNA recommendations.
Apply 10: Malron. SI. Walburg Union Hospilal.
St. Walburg, Saskalchewan. 10.114-1
Regi.tered Nur.es and Certifi.d Nur.ing A..i.tant.
for 750.bed hospilal. close 10 downlown. Building
and expansion program in progress. SRNA recom a
mended salaries in effect. Experience recognized
Progressive personnel policies. Apply: Nursing Re.
cruitement Officer, Regina General Hospital, Regina,
Saskalchewan.
Gen.ral Duty Nurse. urgenlly needed for 41-bed
hospital 01 lie å 10 Crosse. northern Saskalchewan.
Hospilal allractively loealed on Lake Side and .er.
viced by highway. 5alary as per recommended
schedule plus generous norlhern allowance. Board
and meals can be provided at the ho.pilal 01 low
rate. Applications fo be sent to the Administrator,
SI. Joseph's Hospital. lie à 10 Crosse, Saskatche-
wan. 10-48-1
Generat Duty and Op.rating Ream Nur.... al.o
C.rtified Nursing A..i.tant. for 560-bed Universily
Hospital. Salary commensurate with experience and
preparations. Excellent opportunities to engage in
progressive nursing. Apply: Director of Personnel,
University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
10-116.4A
UNtTED STATES
OR SUPERVISOR: immediate challenging career ap-
pointment in stimulating San Francisco Bay area.
Cultural and recreational advantages in ideal cli-
mate vicinily. Completely modern general hospilal.
Professional satisfaction in supervision of active
surgery. Experience at supervisor and lor head
nurs.. level preferred. Salary open. Liberal and in-
clusive fringe benefits including hospitalization, life
insurance, retirement, disability compensation, holi-
day pay, sick leave to 30 paid days, vacation to
four weeks wilh pay. Syslematic increases. For
furlher information write or telephon. collect: Di-
rector of Nursing, Eden Hospital. 20103 Lake Chabot
Road. Ca.lro Valley. California. Area Cod. 4t5-537-
1234. 15-5-13
REGtSTERED NURSES - CALIFORNIA progres.ive hos.
pilal in San Joaquin Valley has openings for R.N:..
located between San Francisco and Los Angeles near
mountain, ocean and desert resorts. Paid vacation,
paid sick leave, paid Blue Cross, disability insurance,
voluntary retirement plan. Salary range from $SOO to
$700 monlhly. Wrile: Personnel Director. Mercy Hos-
pital. Bakersfield. California. 15-5.58A
REGISTERED NURSES - Soulhern California - Op-
portunitie. ovailabl. - 36B-bed modern hospital in
Medical.Surgical, Labor and Delivery, Nursey, Oper-
ating Room and Intensive and Coronary Care Units.
Good salary and liberal fringe benefits. Continuing
inservice education program. Located 10 miles from
Los Angeles near skiing. swimming, cultural and edu.
cational facilities. Temporary living accommodations.
Apply: Director of Nursing Service. Saint Joseph
Hospital. Burbank. California 91503. 15-5-63
REGISTERED NURSES: 350.bed hospital, known
throughoul
oulhern California area for highest
qualily nursing care. is .eeking PROFESSIONAL
NURSES. Posilions open on all shift. and in many
clinical specialties - I.C.U., open heart, etc. We
offer lop wages and fringe benefils. an exceptional
in-service program, and ore in the best possible
Southern California location. If you de. ire Ihe
opportunity to fulfill your professional nursing career
under ideal condilions, bolh on and off Ihe job.
conlact the Direclor of Nur.ing Service. SI. Mary'.
Long Beach Hospital. 509 East tOth Slreet. Long
Beach, California, 90813. 15-5-32
JUNE 1967
.-\
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..: \
..
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,,)
I'
.
...,
-<,,;;;:-7
\ '- .
il'l,.... "\J1E
f'
'-
tIle creatit.e side of the St. L"ke's '1UII.se
Creativity is an important part of nursing at St. Luke's Hospital
Center. Sometimes it calls for painting a little patient's hand;
sometimes, for just holding it. But the creative nurse has that
special ability for knowing how to express warmth and under-
standing in a way that makes her patient a little more comfort-
able, a little less afraid. Creativity makes her job a lot more
satisfying too.
To find out more about the creative life of the St. Luke's
nurse and the many opportunities and benefits offered, return
the coupon to us.
"
artist!
r----------------
Director of Nursing Service C-IO
ST. LUKE'S HOSPITAL CENTER
Amsterdam Avenue at 114th Street,
New York, N.Y. 10025
Please send me your brochure about nursing
at St. Luke's in New York City.
o Tell me about your new policy for night nurses.
NAME
ADDRESS
CITY
STAT F
ZIP CODE
L___
___
UNITED STATES
Registered Nursel and Certified Nursing Assistants.
Opening in several oreas, all shifts. Every other week-
end off, in smoll community hospitol 2 miles from
Boston. Rooms available. Hospital paid life insurance
ond other liberol fringe benefits. RN solory $100 per
week, plus differentiol of $20 for 3-11 p.m. ond
11-7 o.m. shifts. C.N. Ass'ts. $80 weekly plus $10 for
3-11 p.m. ond 11-7 o.m. shifts. Must re
d, write,
ond speok English. Write: Miss Byrne, Dorector of
Nurses, Chelseo Memoriol Hospitol, Chelseo, Mos-
sochusetts 02150. 15-22-1 C
Medical Technologist for occredited hospitol in
charming, small historic town. Free roOm and board
with liberal personnel policy. Salary commensurate.
Excellent working conditions without pressure. In-
quire Administrator, Nantucket Hospital, Nantucket,
Moss. 02554 15-22-8
Staff Nurses - Opportunities in 011 oreos. 467-bed
occredited generol teoching hospitol with NLN oc-
credited diplomo school of nursing, locoted ot the
gateway to Michigan's beout
ful vacation land.
Progressive personnel policies, differential for eve-
nings and nights. Apply: W. C. Plakos, Personnel
Director, Butterworth Hospital, 100 Michigan N.E.,
Grand Rapids, Michigan. t 5.23-1 2
I I
UNITED STATES
REGISTERED NURSES: Excellent apportunity for advan-
cement in atmosphere of medical excellence. Pro-.
gressive patient care including Intensive Care and
Cardiac Care Units. Finely equipped growing 200-bed
suburban community hospital on Chicago's beautiful
North Shore. Modern, furnished apartments are
available for single professional women. Other
fringe benefits include paid vacation after six
months. paid life insurance. 50% tuition refund and
staff development program. Salary range from $500-
$610. Contact: Donald L. Thompson, R.N., Director
of Nursing, Highland Park Hospital, Highland Park,
I Jlinois 60035. 15-14-3B
GENERAL DUTY NURSES. Salary, days $500-$550;
p.m. $525-$575; nights $520-$570 per month. In-
creases January I, 1967. Excellent benefits. 230-bed
regional referral General Hospital with intensive
care and coronary units. Postgraduate classes avail..
able at two universities. Extensive intern and resi..
dent teaching program. Hospital located adjacent to
Northwest's largest private clinic. Fre.. housing first
month. Canadian trained nurses with psychiatric
affiliation please write: Personnel Director, Virginia
Mason Hospitol, 1111 Terry Avenue, Seattle, Wash-
ington 98101. 15-48-2B
J
NIGHT NURSE?
University Hospital is pleased to announce that starting pay for night
nurses now ranges from $30.00 to $33.00 per shift ($7,830 to $8,613
for an annual starting salary)-depending on education and experience.
After 4 years service, night nurse salaries range up to $9,396.00
per year. The base pay for permanent evening and rotating tours
has also been increased plus excellent University Staff benefits are
offered to all nurses.
University Hospital has a Service Department which assigns trained
personnel to handle paperwork and other non-nursing chores,
rellevmg our nurses for patient care exclusively.
Ann Arbor is nationally known as a Center of Culture with emphasis on
art, music and drama-and recognized as an exciting and desirable
community in which to live.
Write to Mr. George A. Higgins, A6001, University Hospital,
University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan for
more information. or phone collect (313) 764-2172.
We are an Equal Opportunity Employer
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
MEDICAL CENTER, ANN ARBOR
58 THE CANADIAN NURSE
ONTARIO SOCIETY
FOR
CRIPPLED CHILDREN
'f
Invites applications from Public
Health Nurses who have at least
2 years experience in general-
ized public health nursing, pre-
ferably in Ontario.
INTERESTING AND VARIED
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES
IN AN EXPANDING PROGRAM
INCLUDE:
. an opportunity to work direct-
ly with children, their parents,
health and welfare agencies,
and professional groups
. participation in arranging
diagnostic and consultant cli-
nics
. assessing the needs of the
individually handicapped child
in relation to services provided
by Easter Seal Clubs and the
Society.
Attractive salary schedule with
excellent benefits. Car provided.
Pre-service preparation with sa-
lary.
Apply in writing to:
Director r Nursing Service r
350 Rumsey Road r
Toronto 17r Ontario
JUNE 1967
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ROY AL ALEXANDRA HOSPITAL
EDMONTON, ALBERTA
Active treatment hospitol complex of 800 beds, with on odditionol
213 bed Children's Povilion, opening in June, 1967. Services include
a Women's Pavilion, Emergency and Out Patienf Services, ond 29
bed Intensive Core Unit. Intensive Core Employees ore given 0 20-
hour inservice progrom. Professional stoff one! cerfified nursing oides
ore poid 0 so lory commensurote with previous experience and ad-
difional responsibilifies imposed in the deportment.
POSITIONS AVAILABLE:
Evening Supervisor Children's Pavilion
Head Nurses - Surgery
General Staff Nurses for 011 services.
This modern Hospital provides excellent working conditions with
current personnel policies. General stoff nurse Salary $380-$450
with recognition for experience 000 post bosic education.
NURSES! An opportunity to
GIVE and to RECEIVE
SOMETHING OF VALUE
You may have the satisfaction of contributing a
valuable service with scope for promotion, and op-
portunity for sponsorship of further education in the
following positions:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING EDUCATION
CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR
GENERAL DUTY NURSE IN OPERATING
ROOM OR INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
Planned orientation and an active Staff Development
Programme for all nursing staff.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing,
STRATFORD GENERAL HOSPITAL
The Festival City
of
Stratford, Ontario.
JUNE 1967
.
TORONTO GENERAL
HOSPITAL
1820-1967
UNIVERSITY TEACHING
AND RESEARCH CENTRE
(1.300 Beds)
PROFESSIONAL GROWTH
Planned Programmes in
- Orientation
- Staff Education
Staff Development
PERSONNEL POLICIES
Salaries:
- Commensurate with Qualifications, Experience
3 weeks vacation
8 statutory holidays
Cumulative Sick Leave
Pension plan
Hospitalization and medical insurance plan.
Uniforms laundered Free
OPPORTUNITIES FOR
General Staff Nurses
Registered Nursing Assistants
in
Clinical Services:
- Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics, Gynaecology
Specialty Units:
Cardiovascular, Clinical Investigation, Coro-
nary, Neurosurgery, Psychiatry, Operating
Room, Recovery Room, Renal dialysis, Res-
piratory
Administrative and Teaching Positions:
- Consideration given to applicants with Uni-
versity preparation and I or experience.
Applicants' requests for any of the above positions
will be given careful consideration.
For additional information write:
Miss M. Jean Dodds,
Director of Nursing,
TORONTO GENERAL HOSPITAL
101 College Street
Toronto 2, Ontario.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 59
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
EDUCATION
Required for the Kitchener-Waterloo Hospital School
of Nursing with an enrolment of 180 students.
Modern residence and classroom facilities completed
in 1964.
Responsibilities will include general organization,
operation and supervision of the School, including
the recruitment of students. Desirable qualifications
should include a B.S.N. Degree with several years
of experience in Nursing Education.
Salary will be commensurate with qualifications and
experience.
Please address al/ enquiries to:
The Administrator
KITCHENER.WATERLOO HOSPITAL
835 King Street West
Kitchener r Ontario
PRINCIPAL
REGIONAL SCHOOL
OF NURSING
Applications are invited for the
position of Principal of the Edith
Cavell Regional School of Nurs-
ing.
Plans are being developed to
provide classroom facilities for
210 students. Residence accom-
modation will be constructed on
the school premises. Clinical in-
struction will be provided in hos-
pitals located at Trenton, Picton,
Campbellford and Belleville.
Applications and enquiries should
be addressed to:
The Secretary
EDITH CA YELL REGIONAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
c/o The Belleville General
Hospital
Belleville, Ontario
60 THE CANADIAN NURSE
ISRAEL
invites the services of
QUALIFIED NURSES
A wide variety of positions is available.
Applications are forwarded to Israel for evaluation.
Applicants are then informed of job openings which
meet their requirements.
Minimum Service: Three years.
Transportation loans given, which will convert into
grants at the conclusion of the three-year contract.
Nurses who do not have a working knowledge of
Hebrew will be enrolled in a 5-month Hebrew lang-
uage course (UlPAN), prior to assuming their posi-
tion.
Housing at moderate rates is available.
Nurses interested apply and send their resume to:
JEWISH ACENCY FOR ISRAEL
1247 Guy Street
Montreal 25, Quebec
Tel.: 931-1804
PROVINCE OF
BRITISH COLUMBIA
INSTRUCTOR
requires
Aide Orientation and Training Program
for
Div. of Nursing Education, Mental Health
Services, ESSONDALE, B.C.
SALARY: $456 rising ta $559 per monfh,
plus $25 per month for certificate or
University degree ar $10 per month for
clinical program; plus $30 per month
for two years' teaching experience in a
psychiatric nurse program.
DUTIES: Instructing psychiatric aides, cur.
riculum planning; word teaching and de-
monstrotion, examining new trends.
Applicanfs must be Canadian citizens or
British subjects with membership or el-
igibility for membership as Registered
Nurse in B.C., preferably with post-basic
preparation in teaching, supervision and
psychiatric nursing and suitable experi-
ence in general or psychiatric nursing.
Obtain application forms from
The Personnel Officer, B.C. Civil
Service r Valleyview Lodges, ES-
SON DALE, B.C.
COMPETIßON NO. 67:372
188 Marlee Ave.
Toronto, Ontario
Tel.: 787-6171
OTTAWA GENERAL
HOSPIT AL
-620 beds fully accredited
-University affiliated
-hospital provides experience
in
OPERATING ROOM,
PEDIATRICS,
ORTHOPEDICS,
OBSTETRICS,
RENAL METABOLIC UNIT,
GENERAL SURGERY,
and MEDICINE.
-Salary is commensurate with
preparation and experience.
Apply to:
Personnel Office
OTTAWA GENERAL HOSPITAL
43 Bruyere Street
Ottawa 2, Ontario
JUNE 1967
there are over
200,000
m 0 r e
who need your help!
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REGISTERED NURSES e PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES
CERTIFIED NURSING ASSISTANTS
Have you considered a Career with the...
Indian Health Services of MEDICAL SERVICES
DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE
for further information write to: MEDICAL SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE, OTTAWA, CANADA
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR
OF NURSING
Applications are invited for the
above position in a fully ac-
credited 163-bed General Hos-
pital in beautiful Northern On-
tario.
Desirable qualifications should
include B.S.N. Degree with ex-
perience in supervision.
For further information,
Write to:
Director of Nursing
KIRKLAND and DISTRICT HOSPITAL
Kirkland Lake, Ontario.
JUNE 1967
VICTORIA HOSPITAL
LONDON, ONTARIO
Modern l,OOO-bed hospital
Requires
Registered Nurses for
all services
and
Registered
Nursing Assistants
40 hour week - Pension plan
- Good salaries and Personnel
Policies.
Apply:
Director of Nursing
VICTORIA HOSPITAL
London, Onto
ST. JOSEPH'S
HOSPITAL
HAMIL TON,
ONTARIO
A modern, progressive hospital,
located in the centre of Ontario's
Golden Horseshoe-
invites applications for
GENERAL STAFF
NURSES
and
REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS
Immediate openings are avail-
able in Operating Room, Psy-
chiatry, Intensive Care - Coro-
nary Monitor Unit, Obstetrics,
MediCal, Surgical and Paediatrics.
For further information write to:
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
Hamilton, Ontario
THE CANADIAN NURSE 61
nurses
who want to
nurse
At York Central you can join
an active. interested group of
nurses who want the chance to
nurse in its broadest sense. Our
I 26-bed. fully accredited hospi-
tal is young. and already talking
expansion. Nursing is a profes-
sion we respect and we were the
first to plan and develop a unique
nursing audit system; new mem-
bers of our nursing staff do not
necessarily start at the base salary
of $372 per month but get added
pay for previous years of work.
There are opportunities for gain-
ing wide experience. for getting
10 know patients as well as staff.
Situated in Richmond Hill, all
the cultural and entertainment fa-
cilities of Metropolitan Toronto
are available a few miles to the
South . " and the winter and
summer holiday and week-end
pleasures of Ontario are easily
accessible to the North. If you
are really interested in nursing.
you are needed and will be made
welcome.
Apply in person or by mail to the
Director of "J"ursing.
YORK
CENTRAL
HOSPITAL
RICHMOND HILL.
ONTARIO
NEW STAFF RESIDENCE
62 THE CANADIAN NURSE
WILSON MEMORIAL
GENERAL HOSPITAL
requires
REGISTERED NURSES FOR
GENERAL DUTY
REGtSTERED NURSING
ASSISTANTS
20-bed hospifal. Sifuated in a thriving
Northwestern Ontario community.
Room and board provided.
For lull particulars,
Write to:
Director of Nursing
Marathon, Ontario
GENERAL HOSPITAL
ST. JOHN'S, NEWFOUNDLAND
Opporfunify for Instrucfors in all areas of
nursing. in progressive School of Nursing,
where new ideas are welcomed.
Program consists of two years of planned
study and practice. completely controlled
by School. plus one year of internship.
New School and residence with swimming
pool in rapidly growing city of 100,000
people. Good personnel policies. So lory
under review.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
GENERAL HOSPITAL
St. John's, Newfoundland
DAUPHIN GENERAL HOSPITAL
DAUPHIN. MANITOBA
A 130-bed hospital locafed ten miles
norfh of Riding Mountain Notional Pork
ond the summer resort of Cleor Lake
requires:
Director of Inservice Education
Head Nurse for Obstetrics and
Gynecology Unit
Head Nurse for Male Surgery
and
General Duty Nurses for all
nursing areas.
Duties to commence AuguSf or Sepfember
Apply stating qualifications to:
Director of Nursing
DAUPHIN GENERAL HOSPITAL
Dauphin, Manitoba
SUNNYBROOK
HOSPIT At
REGISTERED NURSES
General Duty Nurses on rotating
shifts are needed as part of the
re-organization of Sunnybrook as
a university teaching hospital.
Employment in our Nursing Ser-
vices Department includes:
Metro Toronto Salary Scale
Accommodation at reduced
rates. Full range of fringe
benefits
Theree weeks vacation after
1 year
Good location
subway on
grounds.
bus from
to hospital
For additional information,
please write:
Director of Personnel
and Public Relations,
SUNNYBROOK HOSPITAL
2075 Bayview Avenue
Toronto 12, Ontario
JUNE 1967
ST. JOSEPH'S GENERAL HOSPITAL
PORT ARTHUR, ONTARIO
In June 1967 the opening of the new addition to the 1960 wing will complete
our 250-bed modern hospital. Applications are invited for the following Services:
Surgical, Medical, Pediatrics and Rehabilitation.
HEAD NURSES for
3 NURSING UNITS
HEAD NURSE for O. R.
.'
B.Se.N. with experience
preferred
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Salary Commensurate with
qualifications and
experience
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REGISTERED NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING
ASSISTANTS
ORDERLIES
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Planned Orientation
Continuing Inservice
Education
-
.
Excellent Personnel Policies
Opportunity to continue education at lakehead University
Apply to:
Director of Nursing Service
ST. JOSEPH'S GENERAL HOSPITAL
Port Arthur, Ontario r Canada.
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THE SCARBOROUGH
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Invites applications from General Duty Nurses. Excellent personnel
policies. An active and stimulating In-Service Education and
Orientation Progromme. A modern Management Training Pro-
gramme to assist the career-minded nurse to assume managerial
positions. Salary is commensurate with experience and ability. We
encourage you to toke advantage of the opportunities offered in
this new and expanding hospital with its extended services in
Paediatrics, Orthopaedics, Psychiatry, Cardiology. Operoting Room.
Emergency, and Intravenous Theropy.
For further information write to:
Director of Nursing
SCARBOROUGH GENERAL HOSPITAL
Scarborough, Ontario
JUNE 1967
MEDICAL CENTER HOSPITAL OF VERMONT*
Mary Fletcher Unit
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Our patients come in all sizes.
Only your career opportunities
here are uniformly big.
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I Medical Center Hospital of Vermont :
: Burlington, Vermont 05401 I
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.Combining Maril Fletcher Hospital and DeGocsbriand Memorial Hospital
THE CANADIAN NURSE 63
CORNWALL REGIONAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
invites applications from
TEACHERS OF NURSING
Here is an opportunity to participate in the develop-
ment of a progressive program which emphasizes
educational experience for Students. The program will
consist of a two year course, followed by one year
of nursing internship.
The new School is independently incorporated and
will be located in its own new educational and res-
idential building. The first class of Students will be
admitted in September, 1967.
You would enjoy living in the friendly, thriving Sea-
way City that has excellent holiday swimming and
camping facilities and which is within one hour's
distance of Ottawa and Montreal.
Applicants should be registered, or eligible for regis-
tration in Ontario and have advanced preparation in
teaching and/or nursing. Copies of Personnel Poli-
cies will be forwarded on request.
For further information, write to:
THE DIRECTOR
Cornwall Regional School of Nursing
Box No. 939, Cornwall, Ontario
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPIT At
TORONTO, ONTARIO
REGISTERED NURSES
and
REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS
70o-bed fully accredited hospital provides
experience in Operating Room, Recovery
Roam, Intensive Core Unit, Pediatrics
Orthopedics, Psychiafry, General Surgery
and Medicine.
Orienfation and Active Inservice program
for all stoff.
Salary is commensurate with preporation
and experience.
Benefits include Canada Pension Plan,
Hospilol Pension Pion, Group Life Insu.
rance. After 3 months, cumulative sick
leave - Onlorio Hospital Insurance -
50% payment by hospital.
ROloting Periods of duty - 40 hour week,
S slofutory holidoys - annual vacation
3 weeks after one year.
Apply:
Assistant Director of
Nursing Service
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
30 The Queen.way
Taranto 3, Ontario
64 THE CANADIAN NURSE
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Applications are invited from
REGISTERED NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS
For full time, 40 hour week, Rotation Duty.
One Weekend off Duty every three weeks.
Vacancies in Medical, Surgical, Obstetric,
Paediatric, Operating Room, Intensive Care
and Emergency Unit. Active 'nservice and
Orientation programs as well as excellent
personnel policies and fringe benefits.
Director of Nursing
TORONTO EAST GENERAL
AND ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL
Toronto 6, Ontario
INSTRUCTORS
IN
OBSTETRICAL NURSING
MEDICAL.SURGICAL
NURSING
Dufies to include classroom teaching and
clinical insfruction. Assisting in the deve-
lopment of a new curriC\Jlum and Re-
gionol School.
B.Sc.N. or diploma in Nursing Educotion
required. Excellent solory range and
fringe benefits.
Personnel Director
Apply;
BELLEVILLE GENERAL
HOSPITAL
Belleville, Ontario
THE HOSPITAL
FOR
SICK CHILDREN
School of Nursing
Applications are invited for the
TEACHING STAFF
Opportunity to participate in
Curriculum Development. Chan-
ges anticipated for 1968 in Basic
Nursing Program and Affiliate
Program.
QUALIFICATIONS:
Bachelor of Science in Nursing
or Diploma in Nursing Education.
Salaries are according to educa-
tion and experience.
For further information,
write to:
The Associate Director of
Nursing Education
THE HOSPITAL fOR
SICK CHILDREN
Toronto 2, Ontario
JUNE 1967
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UNIVERSITY
OF ALBERTA
HOSPITAL
EDMONTON, ALBERTA,
CANADA
A 1,200 bed teaching hospital, with a School of Nursing of 450 students. A rapidly expanding Medical
Center, situated on a growing University Campus.
NURSING OFFERS
* Planned Orientation Programme
* In Service Educafion P'ogramme
* Organized programme to provide op-
portunifies for Team Leaders, Leader.
ship Responsibility
* Opportunifies for Professional develop-
ment in O.R., Coronary Care, Cardiac
Surgery, Renal Dialysis, Neurosurgery,
and Rehabilifation
For more information write to:
Director of Nursing
UNIVERSITY
OF ALBERTA
HOSPITAL
Edmonton, Alberta
Canada
BENEFITS
* Excellenf Patienf Care Facilifies
* Salary scaled ta qualification and ex
perience
* Liberal personnel policies
SCHOOL OF NURSING
WOODSTOCK
GENERAL HOSPITAL
WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO
Will require
TEACHERS - AUGUST, 1967
For the approved two year cur-
riculum with a third year of ex-
perience in nursing service.- (50
students enrolled annually)
Qualifications: University prepa-
ration in Nursing Education or
Public Health.
Salary: Commensurate with ex-
perience and education.
Apply to:
The Director,S
hool of Nursing,
WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL
Woodstock, Ontario.
JUNE 1967
GUELPH
GENERAL HOSPITAL
ACTlVE-200 BEDS-FUllY
ACCREDITED
requires
GENERAL STAFF NURSES
REGISnREO
NURSING ASSISTANTS
Pleasant City of 48,500, one
hour from Toronto Via 401.
Good personnel policies.
For further details apply to:
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Guelph, Ontario
AJAX AND
PICKERING
GENERAL HOSPIT AL
AJAX, ONTARIO
127 Beds
Nursing the patient as an indi-
vidual. Vacancies, General Duty
R.N.'s and Registered Nursing
Assistants for all areas, Full time
and part time. Salaries as in Me-
tro Toronto. Consideration for ex-
perience and education. Excellent
fringe benefits. Residence accom-
modation, single rooms, House-
keeping privileges.
Apply to:
NURSING OFFICE PERSONNEL
THE CANADIAN NURSE 65
THE HOSPITAL
FOR
SICK CHILDREN
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OFFERS:
I. Satisfying experience_
2. Stimulating and friendly en-
vironment.
3. Orientation and In-Service
Education Program.
4. Sound Personnel Policies
5. liberal vacation.
APPLICATIONS FOR REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS INVITED.
For detailed in/ormation
please write fo:
The Assistant Director
of Nursing
AUXILIARY Sf AFF
555 University Avenue
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
66 THE CANADIAN NURSE
HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
HOSPITAL -
Newly expanded 350-bed hospital. Progressive patient care con-
cept.
SALARY -
General Staff Nurses (Currently Registered in Ontario) $400.00 -
$480. - 5-increments.
Registered Nursing Assistants (Currently Registered in Ontario)
$295.00 - $331.00, - 3 increments.
HOUSING -
Furnished apartments available at subsidized rates.
JOB SATISFACTION -
High quality patient care and friendly working environment. We
appreciate our personnel and encourage their professional develop-
ment.
You are invited to enquire concerning employment opportunities to:
Director of Nursing
HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
200 Church Street, Weston, Ontario
Telephone 249.8111 (Toronto)
CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL
requires immediately
REGISTERED GENERAL DUTY NURSES
This is a modern 1,000-bed hospital including a new
200-bed convalescent-rehabilitation section. Benefits
include Pension Plan, sick leave, and shift differen-
tial plus a liberal vacation policy and salary range
$380 - $450 per month commensurate with training
and experience.
Apply fo:
Director of Nursing Service
CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL
Calgary, Alberta
JUNE 1967
What does
Methodist Hospital
have to offer me?
At the Methodist Hospital, where research is a part
of progress, a nursing career takes on new horizons -
rich in meaning and professional satisfaction.
If you're looking for the chance to be the nurse
you've always dreamed of - coming to the world
famous Methodist Hospital can be an adventure -
almost like stepping into the future - splendid
facilities, 50 much advance equipment and
everywhere the newest medical and patient care
techniques are in use.
Some of the best aspects of nursing at METHODIST
are as old as medicine itself - there is a spirit of
kindness and consideration, and emphasis on patient
care, that make this a hospital where nursing is
satisfying and rewarding, day by day.
Methodist Hospital is right in the center of the world's
great Medical, Research and Educational complexes.
HOUSTON is an exciting city - rodeo and opera,
pro-football and the famous Alley Theatre, water sports
and beaches an hour or less away, the Houston
Symphony and the Astrodome!
A Few Quick Facts: We're affiliated with Baylor
University College of Medicine and associated with
Texas Woman's University College of Nursing.
New $9Y2 million Cardiovascular and Orthopedic
Research Center will open soon. Our Inservice
Education Department gives you thorough
orientation, and continued instruction in new
concepts and techniques. You'll find every
encouragement to broaden your skills,
including tuition assistance in obtaining
further education in nursing.
Send for Your Colorful Informative Illustrated
Brochure .. to learn about Methodist Hospital,
Houston, positions available, salary and employment
benefits, tuition allowance, complimentary room
accommodation and our Nurse Specialist Programs.
Write, call or send coupon, Director of Personnel,
The Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center,
Houston, Texas 77025
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I Director of Personnel, THE METHODIST HOSPITAL, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77025 I
I Please send me your brochure about nursing opportunities at THE METHODIST HOSPITAL-Texas Medical Center I
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I I
I City State Zip Code I
L_____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __._ _ __ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _______
VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPIT AL
HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA
THE PLACE TO
CENTENNIAL
BE IN
YEAR!
OTTAWA CIVIC HOSPITAL
Ottawa, Ontario
Invites applications from Registered Nurses
for all services including operating room,
recovery room, intensive care and emergency
in completely new wing.
Salary range for General Staff positions
$360.00 - $420.00 per month
and other liberal benefits.
Direct enquiries to:
Director of Nursing,
Enjoy life in green and pleasanf Ottawa. Doily
frain and bus service fo Expo '67! Challenging
work in a modern teaching Hospital of 1087
beds, where adminisfration is progressive and
sfaff parficipation encouraged. In-Service Educe-
tion progrom well established. Excellent salaries,
personnel policies and fringe benefits to:
REGISTERED NURSES
for all services including Operating Room and
Psychiatry.
Apply in writing to:
3383
Halifax, Nova Scotia
VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPITAL
Miss B. JEAN MILLIGAN, Reg.N., M.A.
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR.
JUNE 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 67
IN-SERVICE CO-ORDINATOR
THE HOSPITAL
A fully accredited 200 bed teaching hospital.
Present services include short-term active treat-
ment for mental illness, tuberculosis and chest
diseases. Planned expansion includes construc-
tion of a 60 bed Rehabilitation Unit and a 60
bed Psychiatric Unit for Children.
THE POSITION
A challenging senior position offering an oppor-
tunity to develop and implement a fully sup-
ported continuing orientation and staff educa-
tion programme.
QUALIFICATIONS
Degree or Diploma in Nursing Education plus
two years' teaching experience and a good
knowledge of the principles of psychiatric nurs-
ing. Other applicants with appropriate back-
grounds will be given full consideration.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
ROYAL OTTAWA
SANATORIUM
Ottawa 3, Ontario
DIRECTOR OF SCHOOL
OF NURSING
REQUIRED FOR
DISTRICT SCHOOL OF NURSING
Minimum Requirement - B. Sc. N., with five years
experience, two of these in Nursing Education.
Apply to:
Mr. Harold Swanson, Chairman,
BOARD OF NURSING EDUCA nON
220 Clarke Street
WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO
68 THE CANADIAN NURSE
MAIMONIDES HOSPITAL
AND HOME FOR THE AGED
AN OPPORTUNITY....
A CHALLENGE....
A NEW EXPERIENCE....
SUPERVISORS, STAFF NURSES, NURSING
ASSISTANTS, INSTRUCTORS, PSYCHIATRIC
NURSE:
We invite you to join the nursing staff of New Mai.
monides.
LIBERAL VACATION . HEALTH AND
PENSION PLANS . SALARIES COM-
MENSURATE WITH RECOGNIZED SCALES
Apply to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
5795 Caldwell Avenue
Montreal 29, Quebec
REGISTERED NURSES
Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois is a
new 587-bed General Hospital, located in a pleasant
suburb of Chicago.
The hospital is modern with a wide range of services
to patients, including Hyperbaric Oxygen Unit. Low-
cost modern housing next to the hospital is available.
The hospital is completely air-conditioned.
Annual beginning salary is from $6,000 plus shift
differential pay. Regular salary increments at six
months of service and yearly thereafter. Sick leave
and other fringe benefits are also available.
Write or call collect:
Director of Nursing Services
LUTHERAN GENERAL HOSPITAL
PARK RIDGE, ILLINOIS 60068
Telephone: 692-2210 Ext. 211
Area Code: 312
JUNE 1967
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at our
eSI'e"se
If you're ready for a change, but
reluctant to make the move, we
have an added incentive-a free
airline ticket. Of course, it isn't
really free-you'll have to take a
position in a modern, progressive,
expanding hospital and you'll
have to live in a high, mild, sun-
ny metropolitan area, rich in
educational and cultural oppor-
tunities. But that isn't too much
to ask, is it?
h
PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL CENTER
ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO 87106
**Starting salary to $555 a monfh
..500.bed hospitol
**Personal orientation program
**liberal fringe benefits
**Confinuing educational programs
**Coreer advancement opportunities
**Two universities
**Twenfy minutes from nearby
mountains
EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER
M
oI coupon or c
1I collect (505.243-9411, Ext. 219)
Mrs_ Susan Dicke. Director of NlJfsP Recruitment
PresbyterIan Hospllal Center. Departmenl 81
Albuquerque. New Mexico 87106
Please mall me more information about nursmg
at Presbyterian Hospital Center and tell me how
I may fly there al your expense
Name
Address
C,ly
Slat.
School of Nursing
Year 01 Graduallon _Monlh
JUNE 1967
OWEN SOUND GENERAL
AND MARINE HOSPITAL
requires
GENERAL DUTY NURSES
This 250-bed modern hospital is
located in a year round recrea-
tion area with activities only
minutes from hospital or home.
Salary $400 - $480 per month.
Experience and post basic edu-
cation recognized. A new Re-
gional School of Nursing com-
mences this fall and a 2 + 1
Educational Programme is pre-
sently in progress.
Apply to:
Miss W. Bell,
Director of Nursing Service.
ASSIST ANT
DIRECTOR
of
NURSING EDUCATION
Applicants are invited for this
position in a new and well
equipped School of Nursing
building. New curriculum for an
Independent School being de-
veloped. Total enrollment of 150-
200 students. Salaries and Fringe
Benefits at Metropolitan level.
Qualifications - B.Sc.N. with
experience in Nursing Education.
CLINICAL TEACHERS
in Psychiatric Nursing, Paediatric
Nursing and Fundamentals of
Nursing required to assist in new
program.
Qualifications - B.Sc.N. or Di-
ploma in Nursing Education.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
BRANTFORD GENERAL
HOSPIT At
Brantford, Ontario
THE HOSPIT AL
FOR
SICK CHILDREN
,
I
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YOU
Receive the advantages of:
1. Five-week orientation pro-
gram for new staff.
2. Ongoing in-service education
for nurses.
3. Extensive student education
program.
4. Research Institute.
APPLICATION FOR GENERAL
DUTY POSITIONS INVITED
For information contact:
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING
555 University Avenue
Toronto, Canada
THE CANADIAN NURSE 69
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THE WINNIPEG GENERAL HOSPITAL
is Recruiting General Duty Nurses for all Services
SEND APPLICATIONS DIRECTLY TO
THE PERSONNEL DIRECTOR,
WINNIPEG GENERAL HOSPITAL
WINNIPEG 3, MANITOBA
OPERA riNG ROOM SUPERVISOR
AND
HEAD NURSE PSYCHIATRIC UNIT
r
Required immediately for 1,OOO-bed teaching hospital, affili-
ated with the University of Western Ontario. Applicants should
have post-graduate courses in their clinical specialty, a uni-
versity diploma in Administration or B.Sc.N. degree. Active
building and renovation programme presently proceeding in
both departments.
Applications for further information should be directed to:
Director of Nursing
VICTORIA HOSPITAL
London, Ontario
70 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Test Pool Examinations
FOR
Registration of Nurses
IN
Nova Scotia
To toke place on August 30 & 31, 1967
at Halifax ond Sydney. Requests for
application forms should be made ot
once and forms must be returned to fhe
Registrar not later th"n June 30, 1967
together with:
1. Diploma of School of Nursing;
2. Fee of Twenty Dollars ($20.00).
Applications received offer this date will
not be accepted. No undergraduafe may
write unless he or she has passed success.
ful/y all final school of nursing exomina.
fions and is wifhin nine (9) weeks of com
pletion of the course in nursing.
NANCY H. WATSON. R.N..
EXECUTIVE SECRETARY.
The Registered Nurses'
Association of Nova Scotia
6035 Coburg Road,
Halifax, N.S.
PROVINCE OF ALBERT A
EMPLOYMENT
OPPORTUNITIES
GENERAL DUTY NURSES
Preference given to nurses with
experience in Psychiatric Nursing.
Salary: $360 - $455 per month,
depending on qualifications and
experience.
Benefjts - Civil Service holiday,
sick leave and pension benefits.
Positions available in various
Active Treatment, Retarded Adult,
Retarded Juvenile, Geriatric and
Continued Treatment Mental Hos-
pitals.
For details and application
forms write Or apply to:
The Director of Mental Health,
304 Administration Building,
Edmonton, Alberta.
JUNE 1967
I I
........ -
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.-
OPPORnJNITY AID CHALLENGE
fOR THE REGISTERED NURSE
The new 22 bed Intensive Care Unit at
the Winnipeg General Hospital offers. 0
one year course in odvanced IntensIve
Care Nursing.
- Salaries scoled to qualificafions and
experience
- Well planned - orienfafion and confinu-
ing education
- Approximately 100 lectures given by
docfors and nUrses
- Next course to commence September
1967
- Uniforms supplied and laundered free
Staff appointments are being mode
now.
Apply to:
Mrs. E. E. Hassett, R.N.,
Supervisor, Intensive Care Unit,
WINNIPEG GENERAL HOSPITAL
700 William Avenue,
Winnipeg 3, Manitoba
cj 0 Personnel Dept.
OSHA W A
GENERAL HOSPITAL
GENERAL DUTY NURSES FOR
ALL DEPARTMENTS
Starting salary for Ontario Regis-
tered nurses $400 with 5 annual
increments to $480 per month.
Credit for acceptable previous
service - one increase for two
years, two increases for four or
more years.
Non-registered - $360.00
Rotating periods of duty - 3
weeks vacation - 8 statutory
holidays.
One day's sick credit per month
beginning in the 7th month of
service cumulative to 45 days.
Pension Plan and Group life
Insurance - Hospital pays 50%
of Medical, Blue Cross and Hos-
pital Insurance premiums_
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
OSHA W A GENERAL HOSPITAL
Oshawa, Ontario
JUNE 1967
0+
(:) " POSITIONS OPEN
'"
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SA
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T
<
. Assistant Director.
Nursing Service - Evenings
. Inservice Education
Co-Ordinator
Apply to:
DIRECTOR
OF
NURSING
.,..
"
"s
o
DIRECTOR
REGIONAL SCHOOL
OF
OF NURSING
"KIRKLAND LAKE"
Applications are invited for the
position of Director of a new
Regional School of Nursing to !='e
established in Kirkland lake with
an annual enrollment of 30
students encompassing five area
hospitals. An excellent opportu-
nity to develop a program from
the erection of the building to
operating the school.
Please direct enquiries to:
The Secretary of the Steering
Committee:
R. J. Cameron, Administrator,
KIRKLAND AND DISTRICT
HOSPITAL
Kirkland Lake, Ontario.
-
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CLEVELAND
Where the Mt. Sinai nurse
has some of the most chal-
lenging job opportunities,
receives a beginning sal-
ary of $500 a month, and
works in University Circle,
the city's educational cen- tb
ter. For more information,
writë to Nurse Recruiter,
Dept. CD.
THE MT. SINAI
HOSPITAL OF CLEVELAND
UNIVERSITY CIRCLE . CLEVELAND. OHIO 44106
THE CANADIAN NURSE 71
WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL
Requires
GENERAL STAFF NURSES
ALL DEPARTMENTS
and
O.R. TECHNICIANS
Apply:
Director of Nursing
WOODSTOCK
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Woodstock, Ontario
McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL
requires
Regisfered Nurses for General Sfaff. The
hospital is friendly and progressive.
It is now in fhe beginning stages of 0
$3,500,000 program of expansion ond
renovation.
- Openings in 011 services.
- Proximity to Lake head
ensures opporfunify for
educotion.
University
furfhering
For full particulars write to:
Director
of Nursing Service
McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL,
Fort William, Ontario.
ST. JOSEPHrS HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
Hamilton, Ontario
requires
CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS in all Nursing
areas. Well-equipped, modern School of
Nursing. Student enrolment over 300.
Modern, progressive, BOO-bed Hospital.
Salary commensurate with preparation
and experience.
For further details, apply:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
72 THE CANADIAN NURSE
PORT COLBORNE
GENERAL HOSPITAL
PORT COLBORNE, ONTARIO
STAFF NURSES
required
For 166-bed hospital within easy driving
distance of American and Canadian me-
tropolifan centres. Considerafion given for
previous experience obtained in Canoda.
Completely furnished apartment-style resi-
dence, including balcony and swimming
pool facing lake, adjacent to hospifal.
Appty:
Director of Nursing
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Port Colborne,Ontario
REGISTERED NURSES
For new IOO-bed General Hospital in
resorf town of 14,000 people, beaufifully
located on shores of Lake of fhe Woods.
Three hours' travel time from Winnipeg
wifh good transporfafian avoiloble. Wide
voriefy of summer and winfer sports-
swimming, boafing, fishing, golfing, skaf.
ing, curling, tobogganing, skiing and ice
fishing.
Salary: $372 for nurses registered in
Ontario wifh allowance for experience.
Residence availoble. Good persannel poli.
cies.
Apply to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
KENORA GENERAL HOSPITAL
Kenora, Ontario
VICTORIAN ORDER
OF NURSES
GREATER TORONTO BRANCH
Invites applications for positions of
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE
This branch offers diversified experience
including bedside nursing, individual
teaching, participation in Home Care
Program for Metropolitan Toronfo, and
sfudent program. Inservice educotion and
other employee benefits.
For details apply:
Director
VICTORIAN ORDER OF NURSES
GREATER TORONTO BRANCH
281 Sherbourne Street
Toronto 2, Ontario
ST. JOSEPHrS HOSPITAL
LONDON, ONTARIO
Teaching Hospital, 600 beds, new facilities
requires:
REGISTERED NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS
For further information apply:
The Director of Nursing
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
London, Ontario
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
EDUCATION
Master's degree preferred; fo conducf
basic nursing program and affilliafe pro-
gram.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing,
CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL
OF WINNIPEG,
Winnipeg, Manitoba.
MEDICINE HAT
GENERAL HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
MEDICINE HAT, ALBERTA
INSTRUCTORS
POSITIONS
CLASSROOM SCIENCE
PEDIATRICS
OBSTETRICS
MEDICINE
SURGERY
Closs 25-30 Students
Current Recommended
Salary Scales
Apply:
Director of Nursing Education
or any
CANADA MANPOWER CENTRE
JUNE 1967
COUNTY HEALTH UNIT
C HEALTH NURSE
Dr generalized progromme wifh
County Heolth Unit, Walkerton
nsion, Surgical Medical Group
and Cumulafive Sick Leave
iloble. Minimum salary $4,900
,fment for experience. Car pro-
opfionol choice of mileage
Apply to:
lton, Secretary-Treasurer
COUNTY HEALTH UNIT
P. O. Box 70
lalkerton, Ontario
iCHOOL OF NURSING
MICHAR'S HOSPITAL
LETHBRIDGE, ALBERTA
requires
Medical-Surgical
NSTRUCTORS
I Hospifal. Expansion complefed
B.Sc.-$490.00 fo $575.00
ary-$5880.00 to $6900.00
r Universify Diplomo-$465.oo
I
ary-$5580.00 to $6600.00
I experience gives an addifional
.crement.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
MICHAEL'S SCHOOL
OF NURSING
Lethbridge, Alberta
iOUTH WATERLOO
EMORIAL HOSPITAL
-IOOL OF NURSING
GALT, ONTARIO
Teaching Faculty required fo
formulating a two-year pro.
one-year internship.
in Teaching available imme-
'v\edical Surgical, Pa
diatrics,
!nces.
:Jersonnel policies.
Dr further information,
Apply to:
:CTOR OF NURSING
EDUCATION
COLONEL BELCHER HOSPITAL
CALGARY, ALBERTA
CLINICAL SUPERVISOR
Solary up to $6283 depending on quali.
fications.
GENERAL DUTY NURSES
Immediate vacancies. Starfing salary up
fa $4,500.
Apply immediately to:
Personnel Director
COLONEL BELCHER HOSPITAL
Calgary
MIRAMICHI HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
NEWCASTLE, N.B.
Invites applications for the position of
SCIENCE INSTRUCTOR
Student body of 50
For further information,
write to:
Director of Nursing
MIRAMICHI HOSPITAL
Newcastle, N.B.
ARE YOU INTERESTED IN PATIENT CARE
JOIN OUR STAFF
THE UNIVERSITY OF
TEXAS HOSPIT AU
AT GALVESTON, TEXAS
- A Planned Orientation Program
- A Continuous Educatian Program
- Liberal Personnel Policies
Staff Nurse Salaries
$482.$620 - Based upon a background of
experience and education. $539-$680 in Sep-
tember. $60 differential for nights or rota-
tion of two .hift.. $90 differential for
evenings or rotation of three shift..
Write to:
Patricia M. Bosworth, R.N., M.A.
Administrator.Coordinator of Nursing
THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HOSPITALS
Galveston, Texas 77550
We are on equal opportunity employer
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES
(QUALIFIED)
for Generalized Public Health Nursing
Service. Solory Range $5586 - $6500 per
onnum, sforting solary based on experi-
ence. Annual increments, vacation, shared
hospital and medical insurance, group
life insurance, sick pay and pension plan.
Apply:
Personnel Department
17th Floor, West Tower
City Hall, Toronto 1
Ontario
Applications are invited for the following
key positions:
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR
OF NURSING SERVICE,
ASSISTANT TO THE
CO-ORDINATOR,
INSERVICE EDUCATION
Desirable qualifications should include
BSN Degrees with experience in super-
vision ond teaching, respecfively. Holders
of cerfificates in either field may be con-
sidered.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
TORONTO EAST GENERAL and
ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL
825 Coxwell Avenue
Toronto 13, Ontario
RED CROSS
IS ALWAYS THERE
WITH YOUR HELP
THE CANADIAN NURSE 73
WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL
Requires
GENERAL STAFF NURSES
All DEPARTMENTS
and
O.R. TECHNICIANS
Apply:
Director of Nursing
WOODSTOCK
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Woodstock, Ontario
McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL
requires
Registered Nurses for General Staff. The
hospital is friendly ond progressive.
It is now in fhe beginning sfages of a
$3,500,000 program of expansion ond
renovation.
- Openings in 011 services.
- Proximity to lakehead
ensureS opporfunify for
educafion.
University
furthering
For full particulars write to:
Director
of Nursing Service
McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL,
Fort William, Ontario.
SI. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
Hamilton, Ontario
requires
CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS in all Nursing
areas. Well-equipped, modern School of
Nursing. Student enrolment over 300.
Modern, progressive, BOO-bed Hospital.
Salary commensurate with preparation
and experience.
For further details, apply:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
72 THE CANADIAN NURSE
PORT COLBORNE
GENERAL HOSPITAL
PORT COLBORNE, ONTARIO
STAFF NURSES
required
For 166-bed hospital within easy driving
distonce of American ond Conadion me-
tropolifon cenfres. Considerafion given for
previous experience obfained in Conoda.
Completely furnished apartment-style resi-
dence, including balcony and swimming
pool facing lake, adjacent to hospital.
Appty:
Director of Nursing
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Port Colborne,Ontario
REGISTERED NURSES
For new IOO-bed Generol Hospitol in
resorf town of 14,000 people, beautifully
located on shores of loke of the Woods.
Three hours' fravel time from Winnipeg
with good transporfafion ovailable. Wide
variety of summer and winter sporfs-
swimming, boating, fishing, golfing, skaf-
ing, curling, tobogganing, skiing ond ice
fishing.
Salary: $372 for nUrSes registered in
Ontario with ollowonce for experience.
Residence available. Good personnel poli-
cies.
Apply to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
KENORA GENERAL HOSPITAL
Kenora, Ontario
VICTORIAN ORDER
Of NURSES
GREATER TORONTO BRANCH
Invites applications for positions of
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE
This branch offers diversified experience
including bedside nursing, individual
teaching, participation in Home Care
Program for Metropolitan Toronto, ond
sfudenf program. Inservice education and
other employee benefifs.
For details apply:
Director
VICTORIAN ORDER OF NURSES
GREATER TORONTO BRANCH
281 Sherbourne Street
Toronto 2, Ontario
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPI1
LONDON, ONTARIO
Teaching Hospifal, 600 beds, ne\
requires:
REGISTERED NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING ASSIS
For further information a
The Director of Nur:
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPI
London, Ontario
DIRECTOR Of NURSI
EDUCATION
Masfer's degree preferred; f<
basic nursing program and affi
gram.
Apply to:
Director of Nursin
CHILDREN'S HOSPI1
OF WINNIPEG,
Winnipeg, Manitob
MEDICINE HAT
GENERAL HOSPITA
SCHOOL OF NURSII
MEDICINE HAT, ALBERT
INSTRUCTOR
POSITIONS
CLASSROOM SCIENCE
PEDIATRICS
OBSTETRICS
MEDICINE
SURGERY
Class 25-30 Sfudenls
Current Recommended
Salary Scales
Apply:
Director of Nursing Edu
or any
CANADA MANPOWER (
-
BRUCE COUNTY HEALTH UNIT
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE
required for generalized programme with
the Bruce Counfy Health Un if, Walkerfan
Office. Pension, Surgical Medical Group
Insurance and Cumulafive Sick Leave
Plans available. Minimum salary $4,900
with odjusfment for experience. Car pro-
vided, or opfional choice of mileage
plans.
Apply to:
T. H. Alton, Secretary-Treasurer
BRUCE COUNTY HEALTH UNIT
P. O. Box 70
Walkerton, Ontario
SCHOOL OF NURSING
ST. MICHAEL'S HOSPITAL
LETHBRIDGE, ALBERTA
requires
Two Medical-Surgical
INSTRUCTORS
in 213-bed Hospifal. expansion camplefed
in 1967.
Solary for B.Sc.-$490.00 fo $575.00
Yearly Solary-$5880.00 to $6900.00
Solory for Universify Diploma-$465.00
fo $550.00
Yearly Solary-$5580.oo to $6600.00
One year's experience gives an addifional
$240.00 increment.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
ST. MICHAEL'S SCHOOL
OF NURSING
Lethbridge, Alberta
SOUTH WATERLOO
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
GALT, ONTARIO
Addifianal Teaching Faculty required fo
assisf in formulating a two-year pro-
gramme, one-year internship.
Posifions in Teaching available imme-
diafely, Medical Surgical, Pa;diatrics,
Social Sciences.
Excellent personnel pol icies.
For further information,
Apply to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
EDUCATION
JUNE 1967
COLONEL BELCHER HOSPITAL
CALGARY, ALBERTA
CLINICAL SUPERVISOR
Solary up to $6,283 depending on quali-
fications.
GENERAL DUTY NURSES
Immediate vaconcies. Storting salary up
fo $4,500.
Apply immediately to:
Personnel Director
COLONEL BELCHER HOSPITAL
Calgary
MIRAMICHI HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
NEWCASTLE, N.B.
Invites applications for the position of
SCIENCE INSTRUCTOR
Sfudenf body of 50
For further information,
write to:
Director of Nursing
MIRAMICHI HOSPITAL
Newcastle, N.B.
ARE YOU INTERESTED IN PATIENT CARE
JOIN OuR STAFF
THE UNIVERSITY OF
TEXAS HOSPITALS
AT GALVESTON, TEXAS
- A Planned Orientation Program
- A Confinuous Educotion Program
- Liberal Personnel Policies
StaH Nur.e Salarie.
$482-$620 - Based upon a background of
experience and education. $539-$680 in Sep.
tember. $60 differential for nights or rota-
tion of two shifts. $90 differential for
evenings or rotation of three shifts.
Write to:
Patricia M. Bosworth, R.N., M.A.
Admini.trator.Coordinator of Nursing
THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HOSPITALS
Galveston, Texas 77550
We are an equal opporfunity employer
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES
(QUAlifiED)
for Generalized Public Health Nursing
Service. Solary Range $5586 - $6500 per
annum, sfarfing salary based on experi-
ence. Annual incremenfs, vacafion, shared
hospifal and medico I insurance, group
life insurance, sick pay and pension plan.
Apply:
Personnel Department
17th Floor, West Tower
City Hall, Toronto 1
Ontario
Applications are invited for the following
leey positions:
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR
OF NURSING SERVICE,
ASSISTANT TO THE
CO-ORDINATOR,
INSERVICE EDUCATION
Desirable qualificafions should include
BSN Degrees wifh experience in super-
vision and teaching, respecfively. Holders
of certificafes in either field may be con-
sidered.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
TORONTO EAST GENERAL and
ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL
825 Coxwell Avenue
Toronto 13, Ontario
RED CROSS
IS ALWAYS THERE
WITH YOUR HELP
THE CANADIAN NURSE 73
CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS
required
with preparation and experience. Eligible
for B. C. Registrafion. Medical, Surg ico I
and Paediatric areas.
Student enrollmenf - 200
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
Victoria, B. C.
GRADUATE NURSES
For permanent stoff or holiday relief. In
active 164-bed acufe General Hospitol
with full accreditotion, located in 1he
Columbia River Valley in southeastern
Brifish Columbia. Unlimited social and
sports activifies including golf, tennis,
swimming, skiing and curling. 40 hour
week; Starting salary after registration
$390 rising to $466. Four weeks annuel
vacation, 10 stofutary holidays, 1 '12 days
sick leave per month cumulative to 120
days. Employer-employee parficipation In
medical coverage and superannuation.
Residence accommodafion.
for further information apply to:
Director of Nursing
TRAIL.TADANAC HOSPITAL
Trail, British Columbia
ASS1STANT DIRECTOR
OF NURSING SERVICE
Applications are invifed for the posifion
of Assistant Direcfor of Nursing Service
for a 291-bed fully accredited General
Hospital.
Preference will be given fo a pplicanfs
with preparafion and experience in nurs-
ing service adminisfrafion.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing Service
THE GENERAL HOSPITAL
OF PORT ARTHUR
Port Arthur, Ontario
74 THE CANADIAN NURSE
REGISTERED NURSES
required fo,
82-bed haspifal. Sifuated in the Niagara
Peninsula. Transportation assisfance.
For salary rates and personnel policies,
apply to:
Director of Nursing
HALDIMAND WAR MEMORIAL
HOSPITAL
Dunnville, Ontario
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
SARNIA, ONTARIO
Invites applications for the
positions of:
IN-SERVICE DIRECTOR
EVENING SUPERVISOR
GENERAL DUTY NURSES
328-bed hospital, excellent personnel po-
licies.
For further information apply:
Director of Nursing
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
Sarnia, Ontario
PETERBOROUGH (IVIC HOSPITAL
School of Nursing requires
INSTRUCTRESS (Nu,sing Arts)
INSTRUCTRESS (Medical-Surgical Area)
New self-contained education building for
school of nursing now open.
Trent University is sifuated in Peterbaraugh
For further information write to:
Director of Nursing
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC
HOSPITAL
peterborough, Ontario
GENERAL DUTY NURSES
and
NURSING ASSISTANTS
Wanted for active General Hospital (125
beds) situated in Sf. Anfhony, Newfound-
land, a town of 2,400 and headquarters
of the Infernafional Grenfell Association
which provides medical core for norfhern
Newfoundland and the coast of labrador.
Salaries in accordonce wifh ARNN.
for further information
please write:
Miss Dorothy A. Plant
INTERNATIONAL GRENFEll ASSOCIATION
Room 701A, 88 Metcalfe Stnet,
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO
SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL
COOKSVILLE, ONTARIO
A new 45G-bed Generol Hospifal. locoted
12 miles from the City of Toronfo, has
openings for:
(1) GENERAL STAFF NURSES in all de-
partments;
(2) Registered Nursing Assistants in all
departments.
For information or apptication. write to:
Director of Nursing
SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL
Cooksville, Ontario
SCHOOL OF NURS-ING
PUBLIC GENERAL HOSPITAL
Chatham, Ontario
requires
INSTRUCTORS
Student Body of 130
Modern self-contained educafion building
University Preparation required with
salary differential for Degree.
for further information,
apply to:
Director, Nursing Education
JUNE 1967
School of Nursing
ST. MARY'S HOSPITAL
Timmins, Ontario
requires
TEACHERS
fa participafe in a 3-yeor program plan-
ning change to two + 1.
Sfudent enrolmenf of 65 Universify pre-
paration required.
for inlormation write to:
Director School of Nursing
ST. MARY'S HOSPITAL
Timmins, Ontario
INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
HEAD NURSE
GENERAL DUTY NURSES
wanted for a 6-bed monitored medical-
surgical unif.
For lurther inlormation apply to:
Director of Nursing
KELOWNA GENERAL HOSPITAL
Kelowna, British Columbia
GENERAL DUTY
REGISTERED NURSES
required
For 20Q-bed accredifed hospifal. Starting
salary $415 wifh annual increments 10
$485. Previous experience recognized.
Excellent personnel policies. Residence ac-
commoclofion available.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
MISERICORDIA HOSPITAL
Haileybury, Ontario
JUNE 1967
REGISTERED NURSES
AND
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS
For 300 bed Accredited General Hospital
sifuated in the picturesque Grand River
Valley. 60 miles from Toronto.
Modern well-equipped hospital providing
quality nursing care.
Excellent personnel policies
For lurther inlormation write:
Director of Nursing Service
SOUTH WATERLOO MEMORIAL
HOSPITAL,
Galt, Ontario
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
Applicotions are invited for the posifion
of Direcfor of Nursing for a 164-bed mo-
dern, accredited, acute care hospital in
scenic Brifish Columbia. A 24-bed psy-
chiatric wing and a 50-bed extended core
unif are in the final stages of planning_
Accommodation available in sfaff res-
idence. Nursing administrative educotion
and experience desirable. Salary com-
mensurate with qualificafions.
Apply stating qualilications and
expected salary to:
Mr. D. C. Steveson
Administrator
TRAIL-TADANAC HOSPITAL
Trail, British Columbia
TEACHERS
required
I) MATERNAL.INFANT NURSING
2) NURSING FUNDAMENTALS
Total enrollment - 100 studenfs, 300-
bed, fully accredited hospital.
Universify preparation required. Opporfu-
nity for furfher sfudy in nursing at
lakeheod University.
Appty to:
Director of Nursing Education
TIiE GENERAL HOSPITAL
OF PORT ARTHUR
Port Arthur, Ontario
HAMILTON GENERAL HOSPITAL
has immediate openings lor
REGISTERED NURSES
Eligible for Onfario Registration. Oppor-
tunities for placement in Medical, Surgical,
Paediafric, O.R., Recovery, Intensive Care
and Emergency Units wifh early promo-
tional possibilities. A-I benefits and sola.
ries. Hamilton is a large city ideally
located in Soufhern Ontorio and has a
fine University.
Apply to:
Personnel Department,
HAMILTON GENERAL HOSPITAL,
Barton Street East,
Hamilton, Ontario
REGISTERED NURSES
For modern 8O-bed General Hospifal ex-
panding to 150 beds, located in an
attractive, dynamic, sports orienfed com-
munity 50 miles south of Montreal.
Salaries and fringe benefifs comparable
to Montreol. Complete mainfenance avail-
able at a minimal rate.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
BROME-MISSISQUOI-PERKINS
HOSPITAL
Cowansville, Que.
REGINA GREY NUNS' HOSPITAL
REGINA, SASKATCHEWAN
requires
REGISTERED NURSES
and
CERTIFIED NURSING
ASSISTANTS
45Q-bed General Hospitol; pasifions avail-
able in all areas. SRNA recommended
policies In effect.
Recognifian given for experience.
For inlormation apply:
DIRECTOR OF
NURSING SERVICE
THE CANADIAN NURSE 75
'"
VISITING
NURSING
opportunities
across
CANADA
,
for emptoyment or bursaries write:
Director in Chief
VICTORIAN ORDER OF NURSES
FOR CANADA
5 Blackburn Avenue
Ottawa 2, Ontario
ST. THOMAS.ELGIN
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Requires
GENERAL STAFF NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING
ASSIST ANTS
O. R. TECHNICIANS
Modern 395 bed, fully accredifed General
Hospital opened in 1954, wifh School of
Nursing. Excellent personnel policies.
O. H. A. Pension Plan. pleasanf progres-
sive industrial city of 22,500.
Apply:
Director of Nursing,
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN GENERAL
HOSPITAL
St. Thomas, Ontario.
REGISTERED NURSES
REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS
required for
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL
Construction of a new hospitol scheduled
for completion November 1967 will in-
crease the bed capacity to 450. Included
in fhe new hospifal will be the Friesen
concept of equipment and material sup-
ply. Solary cammensurafe with prep ora-
fion and experience. Benefits include Co-
naela Pension Plan, Hospital Pension Plan,
Group Life Insurance. AccumulatIve sick
leave. Ontario Hospital Insurance and
P.S.I. - 50% payment by hospitol.
Apply:
Personnel Director
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL
Bellevill., Ontario
76 THE CANADIAN NURSE
RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL
OF OTTAWA
A new, air-conditioned 340-bed hospital.
Applicofions are called for Nurses for the
posifions of:
GENERAL STAFF NURSES
and
REGISTERED NURSING
ASSIST ANTS
Address all enquiries to:
Director of Nursing
RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL
OF OTTAWA
1967 Riverside Drive,
Ottawa, Ontario
REGISTERED NURSES
Required for various deparfmenfs in a
modern 140-bed hospital situated in the
Kawartha lakes area.
Toronfo Council salaries in effecf.
Please apply to:
Personnel Director
ROSS MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
Lindsay, Ontario
IN-SERVICE EDUCATION
CO-ORDINATOR
Required to replace refiring incumbent by
September 1 to plan, direct and parfici.
pate in the educational programmes of a
65O-bed hospital. Applicants must be well
experienced registered nurses wifh de-
monstrated leadership and administrative
ability. Addifional advanced qualificotions
preferoble. Solary according to qualifi-
cations.
Please apply to:
Director of Nursing,
HAMILTON GENERAL HOSPITAL
Barton St. E.,
Hamilton, Ontario
MEDICINE HAT
GENERAL HOSPITAL
MEDICINE HAT, ALBERTA
STAFF NURSES
Currenf Recommended
Solary Scales
Apply:
Director of Nursing
or any
CANADA MANPOWER CENTRE
SI. MARY'S HOSPITAL
TIMMINS, ONTARIO
Modern 200-bed hospifal situated
in Northern Ontorio.
Requires
REGISTERED NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING
ASSIST ANTS
STARTING SALARY: Reg.N. $415 per month
R.N.A. $270 per monfh
Recognition given for qualifications and
experience. Excellenf personnel policies.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing Service
ST. MARY'S HOSPITAL
Timmins, Ontario.
SCHOOL OF NURSING
requires
INSTRUCTOR IN SCIENCE
AND MEDICAL
SURGICAL NURSING
REQUIREMENTS:
University preparation in Nursing Edu-
cafian. Solary differential for degree.
For further information,
contact:
Director of Nursing
JEFFERY HALE'S HOSPITAL
1250 St-Foy Road, Quebec
6, P.Q.
JUNE 1967
I I
UNITED STATES
f
UNITED STATES
STAFF NURSES - Here is the opportunity to further
develop your professional skills and knowledge in our
I.OOO-bed medica' center. We have libera' personnel
policies with premiums for evening and night tours.
Our nurses' residence. located in the midst of 33
cultural and educational institutions, offers low-cost
housing adjacent to the Hospitals. Write for our booklet
on nursing opportunities. Feel free to tell us what type
position you are seeking. Write: Director of Nursing.
Room 600, University Hospitals of Cleveland, University
Circle, Cleveland. Ohio 44106. 1 5-36-1 G
STAFF NURSES: To work in Extended Care or Tuber.
culosis Unit. Live in lovely suburban Cleveland in
2-bedroom house for 555 a month including all
utilities. Modern salary and excellent fringe benefits.
Write Director of Nursing Service, 4310 Richmond
Road, Cleveland, Ohio. 15.361 F
GRADUATE NURSES - Wouldn't you like to work
at a modern 532-bed acute General Teaching Hos.
pital where you would have: (a) unlimited oppor-
tunities for professional growth and advancement,
Ib) tuition paid for advanced study. (c) storting
salary of 5429 per month (to those with pending
registration as well!. (d) progressive personnel poli-
cies, (e) a choice of areas? For furt"'er information,
write or call collect: Miss Louise Harrison, Director
of Nursing Service, Mount Sinai Hospital. University
Circle. Cleveland, Ohio 44106. Phone SWeetbriar
5.6000. 15-36.10
Regilt.reel Nurs. (Scenic Oregon vacation play-
ground, skiing. swimming, boating & cultural
events) for 295.bed teaching unit on campus of
University of Oregon medical school. Salary starts
ot 5575. Pay differential for nights and evenings.
liberal pOlicy for advancement, vacations, sick
leave, holidays. Apply: Multnomah Hospital, Part.
, land. Oregon. 97201. 15-38-1
ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
MONTREAL, QUEBEC
POSTGRADUATE COURSES
1. (a) Six month clinical course in Obstetrical Nursing.
Classes - September and March.
(b) Two month clinical course in Gynecological Nursing.
Classes following the six month course in Obstetrical
Nursing.
(c) Eight week course in Care of the Premature Infant.
2.
Six month course in Operating Room Technique.
Classes - September and March.
3.
Six month course in Theory and Practice in Psychiatric
Nursing.
Classes - September and March.
For information and details of the courses, apply to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL
Montreal, P.C.
JUNE 1967
UNIVERSITY OF
BRITISH COLUMBIA
School of Nursing
DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC
NURSING
DEGREE COURSE FOR
GRADUATE NURSES
Both of these courses lead to the
B.S.N. degree. Graduates are pre-
pared for public health os well as
hospital nursing positions.
DIPLOMA COURSES FOR
GRADUATE NURSES
1. Public Health Nursing.
2. Administration of Hospital
Nursing Units.
3. Psychiotric Nursing.
For information write to:
The Director
SCHOOL OF NURSING
UNIVERSITY OF B.C.
Vancouver 8, B.C.
THE TORONTO
GENERAL HOSPITAL
offers a six month Course in
operating room technique and
management to registered nurses
with graduate experience in
operating room.
Course begins in July 1967.
For further information,
apply to:
Director of Nursing
TORONTO GENERAL HOSPITAL
101 College Street
Toronto 2, Onto
THE CANADIAN NURSE 77
THE MONTREAL GENERAL HOSPITAL
offers a
6 month Advanced Course in
Operating Room Technique and
Management to
REGISTERED NURSES
with a year's Graduate experience
in an Operating Room.
Classes commence in September and
March for selected classes of
8 students
For further information apply to :
The Director of Nursing
THE MONTREAL GENERAL HOSPITAL
Montreal 25, Quebec
.. ,,,-... flU...
REGISTERED & GRADUATE
NURSES
Are required to fill vacancies in a modern, centrally
located Hospital. Tours of duty are 7:30 - 4:00, 3:30 -
12:00 and 11 :30 - 8:00.
Salary range for Registered Nurses is $382.50 to
$447.50 per month and for Graduate Nurses is
$352.50 to $417.50 per month. We offer a full
range of employee benefits and excellent working
conditions.
Day Care facilities for pre-school children from 3
months to 5 years in age.
Apply in person, or by letter to :
Personnel Manager,
THE RIVERDALE HOSPITAL
St. Matthews Road,
Toronto 8, Ontario.
78 THE CANADIAN NURSE
DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY
DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC NURSING - (B.N.)
An integrated program extending over four calendar years is of-
fered fo candidafes with Senior Mafriculafion and prepares the stu-
dent for nursing pracfices in the cammunity and hospifals.
DEGREE COURSE FOR REGISTERED NURSES - (B.N.)
A program extending over fhree academic years is offered to Re-
gisfered Nurses who wish ta obfain a Bachelar of Nursing degree.
The course includes studies in the humanities, sciences. and a
nursing specialty.
DIPLOMA COURSES FOR REGISTERED NURSES -
1 YEAR
(1) Nursing Service Administration
(2) Public Health Nursing
(3) Teaching in Schools of Nursing
DIPLOMA COURSE FOR REGISTERED NURSES
2 YEARS
OUfpOSf Nursing Course extending over two calendar years and
leading to a Diploma in Public Health Nursing and a Diplama in
Outpost Nursing.
For further information apply to:
Director, School of Nursing
DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY
Halifax, N.S.
;"f
-L
-..
,
....
..
HOSPITAL:
A newly expanded 257 bed hospitof with such progressive
care concepts as a 12-bed I.C.U., 22-bed psychiatric and
24-bed self care unit.
IDEAL LOCATION:
45 minutes from dawntown Toronfo, J 5-30 minutes from ex.
cellent summer and winter resorf areos.
SALARIES:
Regisfered Nurses: $400.00. $480.00 per month.
Registered Nursing Assistants: $295.00 - $331.00 per manth.
FURNISHED APARTMENTS:
Swimming pool, tennis courts, etc. (see above)
OTHER BENEFITS:
Medical and hospitol insurance. group life insurance, pension
plan. 40 hour week.
Please address all enquiries to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL
596 Davis Drive
Newmarket, Ontario
JUNE 1967
MOVING 1
MARRIED I
ð
g
WISH AN ADJUSTMENTl
All correspondence to THE CANADIAN NURSE
should be accompanied by our most recent
address label or imprint. (Attach in space pro-
vided at right.)
I
I
I
1_-
ATTACH CURRENT LABEL or IMPRINT HERE
to be assured of
accurate, fast service
------1
I
I
I
ARE YOU
o Receiving duplicate copies?
o Actively registered with more than one pro-
vincial nurses' association?
permanent reg. no.
PRINT NEW NAME and or ADDRESS BELOW
Miss/Mrs.
Sister/Mr. ..
provincial association
provincial association
city
permanent reg. no.
o
Transferring registration from one provincial
nurses' association to another?
FROM:
provincial ass'n.
TO:
provincial ass'n.
OTHER ADJUSTMENT REQUESTED:
UNITED STATES
REGISTERED NURSES Opportunities available at
415-bed hospitol in Medical-Surgical, labor and
Delivery, Intensive Care, Operating Room and Psy-
chiatry. No rotation of shift, good salary, evening
and night differential., liberal fringe benefit..
Temporary living accommodation. available. Apply:
Miss Dolores Merrell, R.N., Personnel Director, Queen
of Angels Hospital, 2301 Bellevue Avenue, loa
Angeles 26, California. 15-5-3G
REGISTERED NURSES - SAN FRANCISCO Children's
Hospital and Adult Medical Center hospital for men.
women and children. California registration required.
Opportunities in all clinical areas. Excellent salaries,
differentials for evenings and nights. Holidays, vaca.
tions, sick leave, life insurance, health insurance and
employer-paid pension-plan_ Applications and detail.
furnished on request. Contact Personnel Director, Chil-
dren's Hospital, 3700 California Street, San Francisco
18, California. 15-5.4
REGISTERED NURSES: Mount Zion Hospital and Me-
dical Center's increased salary scales now double our
attraction for nurses who find they can afford to live
by the Golden Gate. Expansion has created vacancies
for staff and specialty assignments. Address enquiry
to: Personnel Department, 1600 Divisadero Street, San
Francisco, California 94115, An equal opportunity em.
ployer. 15-5-4 C
Regi.tered Nur... - California. Expanding, accredit-
ed 303-bed hospital in medical center ot Southern
California. University city. Mountain - ocean resort
area. Ideal year-round climate, smog free. Starting
salary $6,300. With experience, $6,600. Fringe bene-
fits, shift differential, ini.ial housing allowance.
Wide variety rentals available. For details on Cali-
fornia License and Visa, write: Director of Nursing,
Cottoge Hospital, 320 W. Pueblo Street, Santa Bar.
bora, California 93105. 15.5-39 A
Staff Nun.. needed for care of orthopedically han-
dicapped children. Modern building and equipment.
Salary $550 per month plus attractive fringe bene-
fits. Living quarters available. Write: Eleanor
Baird, Shriners Hospitol, 3160 Geneva Street, los
Angeles, California. 15-5-3
W
nted - General Duty Nur.... Applications now
elng taken for nursing positions in a new addi-
tion to
he existing hospital including surgery, cena
tral sterde and .upply, general duty. 5alary $475
per month plus fringe benefits. Contact: Director of
Nurses, Alamola Community Hospital Alamosa,
Colorado. 15.6.t
JUNE 1967
name (please print)
street address
zone
province
PLEASE ALLOW SIX WEEKS FOR PROCESSING
YOUR CHANGE
The Canadian Nurse cannot guarantee back copies
unless change or interruption in delivery is reported
within six weeks!
permanent reg. no.
ADDRESS ALL INQUIRIES TO:
The Canadian Nurser Circulation Dept.
50 The Driveway
Ottawa 4r Canada
permanent reg. no.
Pro'a..ionnal Nun.. - for immediate openings in
274-bed general hospital. liberal fringe benefits.
Enjoy interesting, challenging pOlition in the ideal
climate of Santa Monica Bay. Apply: Director of
Nursing, Santa Monica Hospital, 1250, Sixteenth
Street, Sonia Monica, California. t5-5-40
REGISTERED NURSES - General Duty for B4-bed
JCAH hospital 1 1 /2 houri from San Francisco, 2
hours from lake Tahoe. Starting salary $510/m.
with differentials. Apply: Director of Nurses, Mem.
orial Hospital, Woodland, California. 15-5-49B
Staff Duty po.ition. (Nurses) in private 403-bed
hospital. liberal per.onnel policie. and .alary. Sub-
stantial differential for evening and night duty.
Write: Personnel Director, Hospital of The Good
Samaritan, 1212 Shatto Street, los Angele. t7,
California. 15-5-3b
PROFESSIONAL NURSES. No fancy claim. or promi.es.
We do offer top .tarting .alarie. and very attrac-
tive benefits to staff nurse! desiring unlimited poten-
tial and professional growth. Untra-modern equip-
ment and facilities in a new, progressive 1 SO-bed,
air conditioned hospital. Degree recognition. No
shift rotation. Inquire and compare. Write, Personnel
Director, JOHN MUIR MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, 160t
Ygnacio Valley Road, Walnut Creek, California.
t5-5-67B
REGISTERED NURSES: for 75-bed air conditioned
hospital, growing community. Starting .alary $330-
$365/m, fringe benefit., vacation, sick leave, holi-
days, life insurance, hospitalization. 1 meal furnish-
ed. Write: Administrator, Hendry General Hospitol,
Clewiston. Florida. 15-tO.t
GENERAL DUTY AND LICENSED PRACTICAL NURSES:
115-bed JCAH hospitol on shore. of lake Okeecho.
bee. liberal personnel policies; .tarting salary for
RN'.. $525 (for LPN's $375) with 10% differential
for each group evenings and nights. Free meall;
nurses' residence available. Apply: Director of
Nurses, Glades General Hospital, Belle Glade, Flo-
rida 33430. 15-tO-3A
In.tructon, School of Nuning - Opportunities for
Instructor. in our School of Nursing. 467-bed general
teaching hospital. NlN accredited diploma school
with 170 .tudents. Bachelors degree required. Mas-
ters preferred. Excel:ent salary and liberal fringe
benefits. Apply: W. C. Plakos, Personnel Director,
Butterworth Ho.pitol, 100 Michigan N.E., Grand
Rapid., Michigan. 15-23.12A
REGISTERED NURSES: Come to lubbock, Texas,
U.S.A. A city of over 60,000 population with an
excellent University of 20,000 .tudent. and a large
Air Force Base. Positions open in a progressive
general hospital of 400 beds, J.C.A.H. accredited.
Positions open in intensive care unit, cardiac care
unit, operating room, psychiatric and general medical
and surgical for 3-11 and 11-7 shifts. Starting salary
of $550.00 per month for rotating shifts of 3-11 and
11-7 with a $15.00 raise in three months and an
annual increase of $20.00 per month. Contact Per-
.onnel Department, Methodist Hospital, 3615 19th
Street, lubbock, Texas 79410. 15-44-B
STAFF NURSES: University of Washington. 320-bed
modern, expanding Teaching and Research Hospital
located on campus offers you an opportunity to
ioin the staff in one of the following specialties.
Clinical Research, Premature Center, Open Heart
Surgery, Physical Medicine, Orthopedics, Neurosur-
gery, Adult and Child Psychiatry in addition to
the General Sef\lices. Salary: $50t to $576. Unique
benefit program includes free University courses after
six months. For information on opportunities, write
to: Mrs. Ruth Fine. Director of Nursing Services,
University Hospitol, 1959 N.E. Pacific Avenue,
Seattle, Washington 98105. 15-48-2D
WEST INDIES
Ragist.rad Graduat. Nurses who wish '0 gain valu-
able and interesting experience in the semi tropical
county of Haiti. Hôpital Albert Schweitzer, Arti.
bonite Valley near St. Marc is a well-equipped
modern hospital, 160 average daily census, medical,
surgical, pediatric wards and daily clinics. Two
year contract, $150 per month with transportation
to and from point or arigin, maintenance, medical
care a. provided at hospital. Compensatory day off
for any holiday worked; there are at least 17 na-
tional and religious holidays in Haiti. The nurse is
entitled to a vacation allowance at the rate of two
days for each full calendar month worked. Write,
Mis. Walborg l. Peterson, P.O. Box 2213-B, Port-au.
Prince, Haiti. 17-1-2
THE CANADIAN NURSE 79
Uniquf!. convenient
I
!
f'
,
\ t
:.
,
*
j
A.R.D
BUTTERFLY SHAPED
ANORECTAL DRESSING
SHAPE conforms anatomically to surfa-
ces of the interglutal cleft
SECURE during all normal activity with-
out adhesive tape
COMFORTABLE for the patient
STERILE, and highly absorbent. Made of
smooth, lint free exterior
CONVENIENT and VERSATILE for use
dry or with topical medication on central
portion.
Available from all recognized
vJ Surgical Dealers or from
WINLEY-MORRIS CO. LTD.
M Surgical products dIvision
Montreal 26 Ouebec
67-1
TOO MANY SQUARE MEALS?
Turns get rid of acid
indigestion fast!
Good eating and drinking is something
we all like. But indigestion is the course
fhat finishes the meal for foo mony
of us. When that happens. toke Tums.
They're pleasantly mint flavoured. need
no water and get 10 work fast on heart-
burn, gas and stomach upsefs. And Try Turns for the tummy I
long-lasti ng Turns are really ef-
fect;
, ..., OO"W
" "
their own weight in excess
s!omach acid. Tums cost very IZ n n IM1 c.e.
Iottle. so try them soon. \YI UVU
<II
80 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Index
to
advertisers
June 1967
Abbott Laboratories Limited .......
Ames Company of Canada, Ltd.
Ayerst Laboratories ...
Boehringer Ingelheim Products
The British Drug Houses (Canada) Ltd. ..
Canadian Tampax Corporation Limited
Clinic Shoemakers
Charles E. Frosst & Co.. .....
Department of National Defence.
W. J. Gage Limited ......... ..........
Lakeside Laboratories (Canada) Ltd.
Lewis-Howe Company (Turns)
Mead Johnson of Canada Ltd. .
C. V. Mosby Co. .. ... ...... .. ..
Parke Davis & Company Limited
J. T. Posey Company..
Reeves Company.........
Scholl Mfg. Co. Ltd. .
United Surgical Corp. ....
Winley-Morris Company Ltd.
Winthrop Laboratories ....
Advertising
Manager
Ruth H. Baumel,
The Canadian Nurse
50 The Driveway,
Ottawa 4, Ontario
Advertising Representatives
Richard P. Wilson,
219 East Lancaster Avenue,
Ardmore, Penna. 19003
Vanco Publications,
170 The Donway West,
Suite 408, Don Mills, Ont.
Member of Canadian
Circulation Audit Board Inc.
5
Cover III
6
16
15
9
2
48
24
20
1
80
49
10
Cover II
47
13
12
19
80
Cover IV
Iæl:I
JUNE 1967
July 1967
M
S MT MELL....N
"368 MONq,CI;: AVF
nTTAWA 5 ONT OO
11096
The
Canadian
Nurse
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R
0 0 \..\e R
OU\ (..
p..
remotivation and the
retarded child
, '-
A
\ ..
,
- , -,
hope for victims
of hemophilia
programmed instruction
.
"
.
"\..
.,
-
\
,
,
-
.........
--- t
'
long as there has been a Cønød
there has been a Cønødiøn Nurse toeøre for her
mada celebrated
ation, Halifc][
:2eneral Hospital
, and both set-
Indians were re-
edical aid at Iso-
Is In the wilder-
nadian nursing
y in its infancy
1872. Winnipeg
first city on the
1 Prairies to or-
Public Hospital
?ct
r f
retfu
:
St. Catherine..
"EDEBATION
, . ,,\
) ;-
\.
,
j
I \'\\
I.
-.
Toronto organized The
HospItal for Sick Children.
Canada's lirst hospital for
little one., In 1875... the
organization of the Cana-
dian Red Cross Society
was effected In 1896. Nur&-
Ing techniques had
changed little by 1898
when the Viciorian Order
of Nurses received itB
Charter and the first con-
tingent of tour Canadian
nurses proudly went to
8erve in the Boer War in
1899.
LATE l800s
f "
."
....
- ....
;. ...
;
......
In the early 1900s, "pre-
vention is better than
cure" became a nUT
ing
philosot>hy and Public
Health Nursing and Indus-
trial Nursing had fheir be-
ginning in Canada. In
March of 1905 the first is-
Bue of The Canadian Nurse
was publi.heð. In 1906,
Montreal's Board of Health
started medIcal in8Dection
in schools and In 1914 saw
the beqinnina of horror
when ålmost 2.000 Cana-
dian Nursing Si
teT8 served
In the Army Overseas. 53
of these heroic women
qave their lives to the
Great War.
-'
Tt1RN OF THE
CENTURY
:.,
. .
....
'
:f':
@, J
ufi
time of Canada"s one-hundredth year, we pause to
and recall the significant and proud tradition of serv-
the Canadian Nurse since the very beginning of our
As a part of White Sister"s Centennial Project, we
:ommissioned and produced the pictorial history of
ian Nursing uniforms reproduced here. It is our hope
is pictoriål will serve to remind that "as long as there
en a Canada, there has been a Canadian Nurse to care
FOR YOUR SET OF "THE IDSTORY OF NURSING" PICTURES
WITH A DETAILED IDSTORICAL BACKGROUND. WRITE:
WH ITE SISTER
70 MOUNT ROYAL WEST, MONTREAL QUE.
ID SOIt TO COVER COSTS OF POSTAGE AND HANDUNG)
The end of the Great War
produced an Increased de-
mand for more advanced
and more speci",lized nurs-
ing education. These were
the years of chanqe in
nursing. and to Buit the
mood. . . In 1924 fhe Ca-
nadian Notional Associa-
tion of Trained Nurses
officially became the Ca-
nadian Nurses Association.
MID-1920s
\
\
The 1931 Canadian C.
figures told us that
were 20.462 Grad
Nurses, 11.436 Nun.
trainlnq and 4.698 P,
c a 1 N u r. e 8 II e r1i
throughout Canada. ]
ing had qrown In .
and bounds and unll
introduced Bome ex(
new changes... in fa]
patterns and styling.
1930s
,
<1 j
r) -
Ç
d
The Centennial uniform
designed and created by
WhIte Sister for the ex-
c1usive use of the gradu-
ate nurses serving at the
"Nurses' Station" In the
"Man and His Health Pa-
vilion" at Expo 67. The
fabric is "Caprice"' an in-
timate-btend of Fortrel and
Cotton. produced for White
Sister through the com-
bined efforts of Cel-Cil
and Dominion Textile.
on pages 5, 6, 7,
.. 8 of this maga-
.ø. zlne you will
+,,1\<< I -..:..I. see htghli'1hts
\, .
\ from White
Sister- 8
CentennIal
Ii \ Collection
RTRE
.. A aEL aiL CONTEMPO"""'" PI
-MIGO CA
en\.nce, economy:
(iOft
".\.\'1 1
*
.
O
,
by ABBDTT
UROGATE for safety:
Each of the four Abbott Urogate solutions
are sterile and pyrogen-free and come In
distinctively labelled orange and black con-
tainers. The 38mm neck on the containers
will not accept an I.V. set. Each component
of the Abbott Urogate system of equipment
is individually tested, inspected and pack.
aged in snap-open heavy duty polyethylene
bags, sterile and pyrogen-free. Each is
clearly marked to eliminate errors and
facilitate inventory control.
UROGATE for convenience:
The Urogate line is complete, versatile
and entirely disposable. It offers a variety of
flow rates, is ultra-simple and Quick to
assemble. Just attach the dispensing cap
to the Abbott bottle and suspend. Nothing
to pour. Nothing to sterilize. Use once,
then throwaway.
UROGATE for time-savina: economy:
The Urogate disposable system eliminates
12 lengthy steps in the preparation and
administration of the solution. But that's
not all: It allows you to make a simple
direct charle to each patient. There is no
Central Supply overhead, no guesswork, no
unnecessary paperwork.
A completely disposable
sterile system for urologic
irrigation to meet
every need
_00-
'""
'B 0 TT LA B 0 R AT 0 R IHÊS-LTïM
ËÕ
2 THE CANADIAN NURSE
JULY 1967
The
Canadian
Nurse
b
A monthly journal for the nurses of Canada published
in English and French editions by the Canadian Nurses' Association
Volume 63, Number 7
July 1967
31 Opinion ., Wendy Margesson
32 Remotivation to Motivation ...... .. Doris S. Thompson
36 Hemophilia .. Claude Petitclerc
38 The Nurse and the Hemophiliac Patient Janine Drapeau
41 Prostheses for Cancer Patients .
C. M. Godfrey and Stanley Brasier
44 Programmed Instruction - Can We Use It? R. Roslyn Klaiman
48 Sex Knowledge of Prospective Teachers and
Graduate Nurses Anne McCreary-Juhasz
The views expressed in the various articles are the views of the authors and do not
necessarily represent the policies or views of the Canadian Nurses' Association.
4 Letters 29 In A Capsule
9 News 51 Books
24 Names 52 Films
26 New Products 53 Accession List
28 Dates
Cover Photo: E. Dorothy Arnot. Director of Nursing at The Wellesley Hospital. To-
ronto, with patient who is about to leave hospital.
Executive Director: Helen K. Mussallem .
Editor: Virginia A. Llndabury . Assistant
Editor: Glennls N. ZUm . Editorial Assistant:
Carla D. Penn . Circulation Manager: pter-
rette Hotte . Advertising Manager: Ruth H.
Baumel . Subscription Rates: Canada: One
Year. $4.50; two years, $8.00. Foreij!n: One
Year, $5.00; two years, $9.00. Single copies:
50 cents each. Make cheques or money orders
payable to The Canadian Nurse . Change of
Address: F,;ur weeks' notice and the otd
address as well as the new are necessary. Not
responsible for journals lost in mail due to
errors in address.
@ Canadian Nurses' Association, 1967
Manuscript Infonnatlon: "The Canadian
Nurse" welcomes unsolicited articles. AI1
manuscripts should he typed, double-spaced,
on one side of unruled paper leaving wide
margins. Manuscripts are accepted for review
for exclusive publIcation. The editor reserves
the right to make the usual editorial chanj!es.
Photoj!raphs (glossy prints) and graphs and
diagrams (drawn in india ink on white paper)
are welcomed with such articles. The editor
is not committed to publish al1 articles sent,
nor to indicate defimte dates of puhlication.
Authorized as Second-Class Mail by the Post
Office Department, Ottawa, and for_payment
of postage in cash. Postpaid at Montreal.
Return Postage Guaranteed. 50 The Driveway
Ottawa 4. Ontario. .
Politicians, historians, economists,
and journalists alike, have taken
advantage of this Centennial Year te
reflect on Canada's past progress.
Their consensus is that the country
has come a long way.
Nursing, one of the few profession!
having its beginnings over 200 years
before Confederation, also has come
a long way. A glimpse of Canadian
nursing as it existed 100 years ago
at the time of Confederation, provides
a sharp reminder of this development
What training did nurses receive?
Little, if any. Most nurses learned
"on the job," since there was no
organized teaching program. News of
Florence Nightingale's work in the
Crimean War and in her own countr)
had reached the North American
continent long before 1867. Yet it
was seven years after Confederation
before the first school of nursing wa
established in this country.
Was it easy to attract suitable
nursing staff?
Many nurses, particularly those
belonging to religious orders and
those who acted as Matrons in
hospitals under secular control, were
completely altruistic and devoted to
their patients. Many others. however,
resembled the "Sairey Gamp"
character, whose conduct and personal
code of ethics left much to be desired.
This excerpt from an 1860 report
of one hospital gives some insight
into the "personnel problems" faced
by administrators of the day, who
were forced to hire untrained, non-
registered "nurses":
"The Matron reported night nurse
Mrs. Stewart having behaved with
such immorality she was obliged to
discharge her immediately. Also that
Margaret Watson, day nurse, and
Mrs. Crawford, day nurse, were
discharged. the first for bad conduct.
the latter for incapacity."
The main health problem of the day
was the recurring epidemics of
cholera, typhus, and smallpox. The
1854 cholera epidemic of Montreal,
which took the lives of 1.186 persons
(2 percent of the population), is but
one example of the ravaging plagues
that decimated the population. Small
wonder, as Gibbon and Mathewson
point out in Three Centuries of Cana-
dian Nursing, that the strain imposed
on the nursing staff drove them to
drink! .
We have, indeed, come a long way.
Even so, we venture a guess that
nurses 100 years from now will be
just as startled at todav's nursing
situation as we are at the 1867
picture. We sincerely hope so.
- Editor.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 3
JULY 1967
letters
{
Letters to the editor are welcome.
Only signed letters will be considered for publication
Name will be withheld at the writer's request.
Nurse - necessary evil?
Dear Editor:
An article in a recent issue of Chatelaine
examined the "chronic crisis in nursing."
The article failed to point out that the real
crisis is the confusion and lack of vision
among present-day nurse "leaders."
The leaders want all nurses to have a uni-
versity education. They forget that girls ot
university standing are intelligent, question-
ing and progressive - attitudes unwelcome
in nursing today since, by tradition, nurses
are not allowed to give even a laxative
without a doctor's permission.
It is unrealized - or ignored - by nurse
innovators, that doctors are the biggest ob-
stacles to change in nursing. Their profes.
sional jealousy and fear that their sacro-
sanct areas might be intruded upon have
resulted in the nurse's being regarded as a
necessary evil. This subservient status of the
nurse is perpetuated in schools of nursing
where students are taught never to display
initiative or take responsibility because a
doctor's order is always necessary, however
trivial the matter concerned might seem.
Nurses are also taught that in an emergency
the doctor will always be present; their
teaching is limited to what the doctor will
need and how to assist him. This is an ir-
responsible, even dangerous attitude. Since
many small hospitals do not have resident
ðoctors, the nurse is always first on the
emergency scene and should be the one to
initiate treatment.
The obstetrical service is a good example
of a little knowledge being an almost dan-
gerous thing. Nurses are not taught delivery
technique, although on many occasions the
doctor does not arrive in time for the birth.
The nurse copes with the delivery as best
she can, but is not encouraged to develop
her skills. In some hospitals a nurse-delivery
is recorded on an accident form: in others,
the staff refuse to concede the honors to
the nurse and write euphemistically in the
'.delivered-by" column "guided out by
nurse." Canadian staff on an obstetrics
floor usually welcome a trained midwife _
always from overseas.
A newly-graduated nurse will find that,
unless she works in a big city hospital
which is a teaching center for medical
students, much knowledge will be forgot-
ten during her first postgraduate year. She
will know little about her patients because
of the curious reluctance of doctors to
write up case histories, an important source
of knowledge that enables her to give more
intelligent and thoughtful care. Nursing
care can never reach a high standard while
4 THE CANADIAN NURSE
the nurse is excluded from a comprehensive
view of the patient to the point where sbe
is ignorant.
New titles are being sought for tomor-
row's nurses. However, new designations
will be meaningless if the nurse is to be as
restricted as she is today. Will the "patient
care supervisor" of the future be allowed
to catheterize a patient if she thinks it ne-
cessary or will even she be forced to con-
tact the doctor and deliver her tale of
symptoms and signs? Will the obstetric
nurse be allowed to care properly for a
laboring patient; to perform vaginal exam-
inations; to give sedation when she thinks
it is needed? Will the doctors accept nurses
as colleagues and discuss patient care with
them? These are the points that should con-
cern nurses now.
Today's red-taped, negative atmosphere is
unlikely to attract or hold university-cali-
ber girls for long. Up-grading the academic
training is unnecessary at present for the
knowledge gained will be wasted, and those
nurses with initiative and leadership will
quickly become dissatisfied and frustrated.
- Rosemarie A. Gascoyne, Municipal Hos-
pital, Peace River, Alberta.
New childbirth method for Canada l
Dear Editor:
I was interested to note in "Names"
(May, 1967) that Erna Wright will be con-
ducting seminars for the National Child-
birth Trust. As you no doubt are aware,
Mrs. Wright has been conducting these sem-
inars in London for several years now
I attended them in 1964 as a newly grad-
uated Canadian nurse and at that time
I was very favorably impressed by the new
method of childbirth. Now, as a mother
and former obstetrical and public health
nurse, I still have many of the same
thoughts on the Lamaze method.
Can we apply this approach to prepara-
tion for childbirth in Canada? How would
this approach, in general, be accepted by
our Canadian obstetricians? Are our obs-
tetrical nurses prepared to give effective
nursing care to the patient trained by this
method?
I believe that an objective article clarify-
ing and examining various methods of pre-
natal education, their application in Canada.
and the particular nursing care involved,
would be of great help to. public health
and obstetrical nurses, and also of interest
to many other nurses and young women.
- Nancy (Mrs. Ross E.) Hayes, McGill '64.
Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Just curious
Dear Editor:
Your nursing journal is excellent. I enjoy
it very much as a friend in Montreal sends
me her copy when she is finished with it.
I have one little remark to make about
the cover of the April issue. The young
nurse on the picture is attractive and her
uniform is very pretty, but are her shoes
professional? Do they really wear "heels"
on duty in Canada? I see you carried a
suitable advertisement for the Clinic shoe
on page 2 of the same issue. Also, where
is the black band - or is this model a
registered nurse?
Just curious - that's all. Some of the
other nurses here wonder why her hands
are hidden as hands are a very important
commodity to a nurse. I think Canadian
artists have lots to learn yet. - Arlene
Wisdom. New York City, N.Y.
Another First For Saskatchewan
Dear Editor:
Congratulations to the journal for its ex-
cellence, and to Miss Linda Long for her
well written exposition on Saskatchewan's
venture in changing the pattern of nursing
education (April 1967). Even more con-
gratulations to Saskatchewan for living up
to its well-earned reputation of leadership in
the health field.
I am reminded of a statement made
many years ago by the late Dr. Fergu-
son to the effect that in health matters
Saskatchewan could be counted on to make
the first move. This is another "first". -
Ruth M. Morrison, Vancouver, British Co-
lumbia.
Hospital budgets
Dear Editor:
I was particularly impressed by two arti-
cles published in the March issue: "Stan-
dardization," by George T. Maloney and
"Hospital and Health Care. What Price?"
by S. J. Maubach.
I am deeply concerned about hospital
budgets and believe that if personnel in the
departments concerned were to read these
articles they would have guides to objec-
tive thinking and realistic planning. I hope
to obtain copies of these articles so that
they can be given to the appropriate per-
sons at home (Trinidad) and to a few of
my colleagues in nursing administration
here in Jamaica. - (Mrs.) Elsa V. Blake-
Pinder, University of the West Indies. Ja-
maica, West Indies.
JULY 1967
'l'his V er
Speeiøl Cøtølogue
WAS CREATED IN HONOUR OF CANADA'S CENTENNIAL AND
EXPO 67 AND FEATURES WHITE SISTER'S UNIQUE "CENTENNIAL
COLLECTION" OF FINE PROFESSIONAL UNIFORMS.
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m four c OIC Mt Roya '
the uniform 0 . y Uniforms Inc. 70 .
. t . W hite Sister
Wri e.
On the following pages. we are pleased to show you fash-
ion highlights from the White Sister --Centennial Collection"
For your free c:opy of the c:omplete c:ataloCJue. write: White Sister Uniform Inc:. 70 Mount Royal West. Montreal 14. Quebec:
HIGHLIGHTS
from the
WHITE SISTER
CENTENNIAL
COLLECTION
WHITE SISTER'S LUXURY COMBED
WASH AND WEAR COTTONS
rhe traditionally perfect choice of
:liscriminating professionals.
With the crisp comfort that only
.ong staple cotton can offer. Beau-
iüully white with the built in ease-
,f-care of White Sister's WASH and
WEAR fabric finish. This fabric group
eatures the following distinctive
Neaves: The Proiessionallxl -
?oplin Shantung Weave (slub)
?oplin Imperial - Bengaline
Weave - Ottoman Weave
!\.LL WHITE SISTER LUX-
JRY COMBED COTTONS
!\.RE SANITIZED AND
::;UARANTEED
?RE-SHRUNK
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news
Breakthrough: Nurse is
Guest Speaker at Doctors'
Convention
Montreal. - For the first time in the
loo-year history of the Association, dele-
gates to the Canadian Medical Association
Conference listened to a nurse.
Dr. Helen Mussallem, executive director
of the Canadian Nurses' Association, was
guest speaker at the annual meeting in
Montreal in mid-June.
Dr. Mussallem told the doctors that there
was no shortage of nurses in Canada -
only a shortage of working nurses. "Unless
corrected, the sub-standard levels of salaries
and the poor working conditions now pre-
vailing in the profession will, within a few
years, create an actual shortage," she said.
She called for a coordinated plan for all
workers in the health field, and greater
cooperation between medicine and nursing.
The first week of the two-week meeting
was held in Quebec City and the second
week in Montreal. Theme for the day was
manpower problems in other health profes-
sions.
Date and Place Set For
CNA-CMA-CHA Conference
Toronto. - The program committee of
the joint CNA-CMA-CHA Conference on
Hospital-Medical Staff Relations has an-
nounced the date and site for the meeting.
The conference of administrators, directors
of nursing, doctors, and trustees will be
held at the Seigniory Club in Montebello,
Quebec, on December 4th, 5th and 6th,
1967.
Tentative plans for the program have
been prepared, but details have not been
released. The tbeme of the Conference will
be the improvement of communications
within the hospital setting. All hospitals will
be invited, but attendance will be limited.
The Canadian Nurses' Association, the
Canadian Medical Association, and the
Canadian Hospital Association are sponsor-
ing the conference as a joint project.
Committee of Experts Meets
To Discuss ICN Magazine
Geneva. - Experts from the field of
publications and publicity formed an Ad
Hoc Committee to assist the Board of Dir-
ectors of the International Council of
Nurses decide the future policy for the
International Nu.rsing Review.
Representatives invited from the ICN Ex-
pert Advisory Panel were Miss P. D. Nutt-
all, S.R.N., M.C.S.P., editor, Nursing Times,
United Kingdom, and Mr. P. E. Day, R.N.,
JULY 1967
Expo 67 Nursing Station Busy Place
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As do nurses in any ward office, on-duty staff at the nurses station in the
"Man and His Health" Thenu! Pavilion at Expo 67 meet visitors. Expo nurses
may see and be seen by 1,200 visitors each hour, however. In the photo Miss
I. Hébert, graduate nurse from Hôpital Maisonneuve, Montreal, explains an
electrocardiograph reading from the automatic cardiac monitor, while Miss
Ginette Rheault, student at the St. Luc Hospital, Montreal, watches the closed
circuit television screen that allows her to observe the patient at all times.
The television scenes were taped in hospitals and enable the nurses to show
visitors how patients with severe burns, cardiac arrest, or hemorrhage are
cared for in an intensive observation unit.
Executive Director of the American Journal
of Nursing Company. They were joined by
Miss Ann Jackson, editor, Panorama,
League of Red Cross Societies; Mile A.-M.
Paur, editor, Revue Suisse des Infirmière.f;
Dr. N. Howard-Jones, director, division of
editorial and reference services, World
Health Organization; and Monsieur J.-G.
Lossier, editor, International Review of the
Red Cross, International Committee of the
Red Cross.
Under the chairmanship of the ICN Pres-
ident, Miss Alice Girard, the meeting was
held April 17-19. Principal topics discussed
were editorial policy of the International
Nursing Review, its full function, form, and
production. Replies of national nurses' as-
sociations to a circular letter concerning the
Review were considered.
NBARN Annual Meeting
Emphasizes Nursing Service
Fredericton. - "Nursing Service in Tran-
sition" was the theme of the 51st annual
meeting of the New Brunswick Association
of Registered Nurses held in Fredericton
May 31 to June 2, 1967. Speakers, panel-
ists, and audience all took an active part
in open discussions of the best ways to as-
sure qualified nursing care.
Mrs. Katherine Wright, president of
NBARN, told the audience in her address
on the first morning that all nurses must
look for ways to remove the workload of
managerial and non-nursing duties. "We
have permitted a lesser prepared person
to give direct patient care while we in-
volve ourselves in activities not requiring
professional training," she said. "In this
climate the practice of nursing becomes
superficial," she declared.
Executive secretary Mrs. Gwendolyn Her-
mann reported on the AssocÍJtion's activities
in the past year. Highlights of the year
included a request to the provincial gov-
ernment to implement the plan of education
proposed in Portrait of Nursing, new pla-
teaus in collective bargaining, adoption of
a new system of registration examinations,
and revision of the bylaws, especially with
respect to membership and fees.
Miss Margaret Steed, nursing consultant,
education, Canadian Nurses' Association,
gave the keynote address. She urged mem-
bers to recognize two appropriate categories
of nurses and to design educational pro-
grams that will prepare the nurse for her
THE CANADIAN NURSE 9
news
role. She explained how the statement of
roles, functions and educational preparation
for the practice of nursing, recently released
by the CNA, was prepared and the effects
it will have on nursing all across Canada.
A banquet on the evening of the second
day of the conference was the social high-
light of the program. Guest speaker was
Miss June I. Ferguson, public relations of-
ficer for the Canadian Nurses' Association.
Miss Ferguson urged nurses to be aware of
their role as moulders of public opinion.
She praised the programs of the national
and provincial associations as opinion lead-
ers, but she stressed the role of the indivi-
dual member. "It is the attitude and the
conversation and the conduct and the dedi-
cated drive of the individual nurse that in
the final analysis will make the profession
move onwards and upward," she said.
The three-day program was attended by
nurses from all parts of the province.
Saskatchewan Nurses Celebrate
Golden Anniversary at Annual
Meeting
Saskatoon. - At their annual convention,
held May 24-26, Saskatchewan nurses cele-
brated their 50th anniversary by setting a
new basic monthly salary goal of $450.
This amount will serve as a basis for draft-
ing of personnel policies, which the SRNA
will then negotiate informally with the
Saskatchewan Hospital Association. The
delegates also approved some IS resolutions
pertaining to improvement of working con-
ditions.
In her address, the outgoing president,
Miss Vera Spencer, reminded delegates that
a bill on Collective Bargaining for Nurses
was submitted to the Legislature to permit
the SRNA to negotiate collectively for its
members. The Minister of Health for Sask-
atchewan. Mr. G. B. Grant, said in a letter
addressed to the SRNA that he approved the
"principle contained in these proposals of a
formal collective bargaining mechanism be-
ing established on behalf of employed re-
gistered nurses."
In the meantime, SRNA will negotiate
non-officially with the hospital association.
In the past, the hospitals have respected
these agreements to a large extent. How-
ever, many nurses feel that it will be more
difficult this year because of the large in-
crease in salary nurses are asking for (ap-
proximately $75 per month).
Sister Thérèse Castonguay. superintendent
of nursing education, Department of Edu-
cation, briefly outlined progress in that field.
The new regional (central) school will open
in September. Although she is still looking
for a director, Sister Castonguay neverthe-
less reassured her audience that "deadlines
are being met." Instead of being divided
10 THE CANADIAN NURSE
SRNA Celebrates Golden Anniversary
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On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Saskatchewan Registered
Nurses Association, Mrs. lean Thomson (right), first president (1917-1919)
of the SRNA took an active part in the annual meeting. Mrs. Thomson told
her audience of the stages of the founding of the Association and of the diffi-
culties and the progress made in the fields of registration, curriculum uni-
formy, and comiitions of work.
During her nursing career, Mrs. Thomson organiZJ!d the school health pro-
gram for the Saskatchewan Department of Education and helped plan the
junior Red Cross program at the nationallevel.
Recognized for her outstanding contributions to nursing, Mrs. Thomson
was president of the CNA from 1922-1926. She received the Agnes Snively
medal in 1938 and the Florence Nightingale medal in 1939.
With Mrs. Thomson in the photograph we see Mrs. Agnes Gunn (left),
new president of the SRNA. Mrs. Gunn, a graduate of Moodstock General
Hospital and McGill University, took postgraduate work at Boston University.
She is presently associate director of nursing at the Saskatoon Civic Hospital.
Before her election to the presidency, Mrs. Gunn was first vice-presidenJ of
the SRN A and has served on many committees at the provincial ami national
levels.
into the traditional areas (medical-surgical.
pediatrics. etc.), nursing instruction at the
new school will be given in three stages:
basic or simple nursing care, intermediate
nursing care, and acute or advanced nursing
care.
Miss Margaret McCrady spoke to the
general assembly on "Automation in Nurs-
ing" and described progress in this field at
the Victoria General Hospital in Winnipeg.
Miss Ella Howard. director of nursing ser-
vice at the New Mount Sinai Hospital of
Toronto, described changes that will have
to be made in hospital nursing services.
"Nursing service must change its philosophy
and prepare for inservice programs. We
cannot expect anymore that the new gradu-
ate will be a procedure expert." Miss Howard
described how a hospital must function
while accepting nursing students for clin-
ical experience; one of the main conditions
of success is the assurance that the students
are supernumerary and that the hospital does
not count on their services in budgeting.
The Association honored its 50th a
niver-
sary by presenting the new book, The First
Fifty Years; a nurse, Mrs. Marguerite E.
Robinson is the author.
At the closing of the convention, the
newly-elected officers were presented. They
are: Mrs. Agnes Gunn. president; Mrs.
Madge McKillop, first vice-president; Sister
Mary Rifuna, second vice-president; Mrs.
Agnes Herd, chairman, nursing education
committee; Mrs. Marjorie Tutty, chairman,
nursing service committee; Miss Catherine
JULY 1967
news
Boyko, chairman, socio-economic welfare
committee; Mrs. Dolores Ast, chairman.
chapters and public relations committee.
In turning over the chair to the new
president, Miss Vera Spencer declared, "I
feel very proud to have had the honor of
serving the Association at this time of our
50th Anniversary; I am sure that the Asso-
ciation will move ahead as successfully in
the next 50 years as it has in the past."
New Officers For RNANS
Sydney. - A new slate of officers for
the Registered Nurses' Association of Nova
Scotia was elected during the annual meet-
ing held in Sydney. Nova Scotia, May 31 to
June 2, 1967.
Miss Jean Church. assistant director of
the school of nursing at Dalhousie Univer-
sity was elected president. First vicee-presi-
dent is Eleanor Purdy, director of nursing
at Nova Scotia Hospital. Margaret Mathe-
son, a retired nurse, was elected second
vice-president, and Sister Marie Barbara,
director of nursing at St. Martha's Hospital,
third vice-president.
Other officers elected during the meeting
were: Marilyn Riley, recording secretary;
Sister Clare Marie, chairman, nursing edu-
cation committee; Mrs. Rose Jenkins, chair-
man. nursing service committee; and Sister
Thomas Joseph, chairman, social and econ-
omic welfare committee.
Approved during the three-day meeting
were the personnel policies to start January
1, 1968. These included a recommended
basic salary of $425 per month.
Plan For Nursing Education
Presented to RNABC Annual
Meeting
Vancouver. - Delegates to the annual
meeting of the Registered Nurses' Associa-
tion of British Columbia, held in Vancou-
ver, May 31 - June 2. heard plans for
the orderly development of nursing educa-
tion in the province and had an opportun-
ity for discussion with the members of the
committee. The educational program of the
meeting centered on the new publication,
A Proposed Plan for the Orderly Develop-
ment of Nursing Education in British Co-
lumbia. The document was prepared by the
RNABC pbnning committee on nursing
education.
Members of the committee reviewed per-
tinent portions of the report. and answered
questions from the floor.
Only pact I of the plan is ready; it con-
cerns basic nursing education programs. It
reports that the six hospital schools in the
province are conducting good programs,
but that they are graduating insufficient
numbers to meet provincial requirements.
The committee agreed that all schools
JULY 1967
should come within the provincial general
educational system. and that a gradual phas-
ing-out of the present hospital-conducted
schools should be planned. Two-year pro-
grams in nursing in suitable post-secondary
educational institutions must be developed
concurrently.
The recommended personnel policies of
the RN ABC for January 1968. to be pro-
posed in bargaining with nurse employers,
were discussed. Delegates recommended a
basic starting salary of $600 a month for
tbe first-year diploma graduate.
Resolutions passed at the three-day meet-
ing included a request to Council that a
full-time consultant in nursing service be
added to the staff of the provincial office,
and that a committee be set up by the
RNABC to hear appeals from nurses dis-
missed from their positions and to offer
full support of the Association in obtaining
reinstatement where .it is justified.
Suggested changes to the bylaws were
presented by the committee on legislation,
constitution and bylaws. and were passed by
the assembly.
RNANS Examines
Shortened Programs
Sydney. - The Registered Nurses' Asso-
ciation of Nova Scotia examined "Shortened
Programs in Nursing and the Implications
for Nursing Service" during their annual
meeting held May 31 to June 2, 1967.
Attendance at this year's meeting was a
record high with 480, including 80 student
nurses.
Guest speakers at the education day were
Mrs. Catherine O'Shaunessy, acting director
of the school of nursing of Regina Grey
Nuns' Hospital, Regina, and Miss Margaret
Beswetherick, nursing advisor for RNANS.
Miss Beswetherick told how social change
in Canada had created a need for change
within nursing. Advocating a change from
the present hospital school system, she
said. "Educators are charged with the future
care of the patient. For the sake of ex-
pediency this future goal is often jeopar-
dized." She pointed out that the 25 percent
service component required of student
nurses is often far exceeded - at the ex-
pense of their education.
"Inertia within a system of education
may be created by the inability to take a
stand," she said.
At the afternoon session Mrs. O'Shau-
nessy dealt with the step-by-step develop-
ment of the problems associated with the
two-year program at Grey Nuns' Hospital
School of Nursing in Saskatchewan.
Following the speeches, panel members
presented thoughts, ideas and anticipated
problems for nursing service associated with
the change to a shortened program. The
major problem was considered to be staff-
ing.
Miss Jean Dobson, participant in one of
the panels, suggested that nurses look close-
ly at the traditions and functions that are
not practical or in keeping with society.
"One of our most pronounced problems
seems to be our routine," she said.
The membership gave a unanimous vote
V -I
V ADEMECUM INTERNATIONAL
V -I
Pharmaceutical Specialities and Biologicals
During the past years we have received many orders from Regisfered Nurses for VADEMECUM
INTERNATIONAL. We hove not been oble to fill some of these orders due to the limited
number of books available. If you would like a copy of the 1968 edifion, please order if
immediately to enable us ta order an adequate supply from our printer to insure delivery
of your copy. There will be no other solicitation for your order. October delivery.
r--------------------l
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I 6300 Park Avenue, V-I 1968 I
I Montreal 8, P.Q. I
I I
I Enclosed you will find my check or postal money order at the special R.N. rafe of I
$4.00. Please send to me fhe 1968 D English or D French (check language choice)
I edition of VADEMECUM INTERNATIONAL as soon as printed. I
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I NAME ..m... I
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_____________________J
THE CANADIAN NURSE 11
RæJeð Namt Poo ,
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ANN COHN. loP. N. I
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No.
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12 THE CANADIAN NURSE
news
N..
510
of confidence in their executive and gave
them the authority to proceed with the
changes in the basic nursing education pro-
grams as they saw fit.
"Largest Ever" Convention
For Alberta Nurses
Edmonton. - More than 1,100 nurses at-
tended the 51st annual convention of the
Alberta Association of Registered Nurses
held at the Chateau Lacombe in Edmonton
in mid-May. The three-day convention was
the largest ever held by the Association.
The program was built around the theme
"Service Through Self-Improvement." Miss
Dorothy M. Smith, Dean, College of Nurs-
ing, University of Aorida, delivered the
keynote address. Miss Smith was both
critical of and hopeful for nursing. She
criticized, "Adequate nursing is done by
chance rather than by organization and
systematic approach, and nurses must learn
to feel accountable." The lack of a system
for collecting data or information on which
to make predictions and set nursing goals is
a major problem in nursing, the dean said.
The fund of nursing knowledge is growing,
however, and nurses are learning to pool in-
formation systematically and concisely so
that they can think clinically, she added.
Dr. Ralph Sutherland of the University
of Ottawa addressed the large audience on
"Specialization." His talk was followed by
a lively discussion from panel members
Dr. C. J. Varvis, internist, Links Clinic,
Edmonton; Mr. E. H. Knight, administrator,
General Hospital, Red Deer; Miss Pamela
Allan, University of Alberta Hospital; and
Mrs. Margaret Mrazek, educational coordin-
ator, Misericordia Hospital, Edmonton.
Dr. Varvis roused the audience and drew
angry responses from fellow panel members
when he suggested that nurses were "hand-
maidens" of the doctor. "Are you saying
that doctors could do a better job of nurs-
ing than nurses?" asked Dr. Sutherland.
Dr. Helen Mussallem, executive director,
Canadian Nurses' Association, gave an up-
to-date repon of CNA activities and future
plans.
SocialIy, the convention opened with a
wine and cheese party that attracted 500
nurses and VIPs. The reception party en-
abled many members to meet and greet
friends from throughout the province. More
than 800 attended the annual banquet held
the folIowing evening.
"Nursing Today" Theme
of ARNN Annual Meeting
Grand Falls, Nt/d. - The 13th annual
meeting of the Association of Registered
Nurses of Newfoundland, held May 8th and
9th in Grand Falls, marked the first time
that this meeting had been held outside the
capital city of St. John's.
Na.
100
Theme of this year's meeting was "Nurs-
ing Today." The speeches examined "Nurs-
ing Needs of a Space Age Society," "Values
and Status in Nursing Today," and "De-
velopments in Medical and Nursing Scien-
ce."
Guest speaker at the annual banquet was
Mrs. Huguette LaBeIle, assistant director of
the school of nursing at the Ottawa Gen-
eral Hospital and lecturer in hospital ad-
ministration at the University of Ottawa.
Newly-elected president of the ARNN is
Reverend Sister Mary Xaverius who re-
places past-president Miss Janet Story. Vice-
presidents elected during the meeting are
Mrs. Marilyn Marsh, Miss Dorothy Pinsent
and Miss Ada Simms.
Members passed a resolution that the
ARNN request the Memorial University of
Newfoundland to set up diploma and de-
gree programs for graduate nurses to meet
the immediate needs of nursing in New-
foundland. Speakers to the motion reported
that at present a shortage of nurses with
postbasic preparation in nursing education
and administration exists in the province.
BC OR Nurses Organize;
Plan Institute For Spring /68
Vancouver. - The British Columbia
Operating Room Nurses' Group has grown
to almost 300 members since it was stan-
ed in May 1966, the president, Miss Joan
Flower, told the members of the executive
at their recent meeting. It is expected that
many more nurses from all parts of the
province will join as corresponding mem-
bers by the faIl of this year.
The executive committee announced plans
for a provincial institute to be held in the
spring of 1968. At that time, members will
be asked to approve a constitution and by-
laws.
The objectives of the group - as outlined
in the proposed constitution - are to im-
prove the quality of nursing care to pa-
tients undergoing surgical intervention by
improving present practices in the operating
room; to keep abreast of recent develop-
ments in surgical techniques and procedures
and administrative practices; and to aIlow
for correspondence and exchange of ideas
and techniques between operating room per-
sonnel throughout the province.
Other executive members, who will re-
main in office until the 1968 meeting, are:
Miss ElIen Schrodt, vice-president; Mrs.
Aneta William, secretary; Miss Corrine
McGibbon, treasurer.
Environmental Medicine:
New Field
New York. - Thanks to the relatively
new field of environmental medicine, there
is hope that the causes of several trouble-
some ailments - bronchial asthma, chronic
bronchitis, eczema, hay fever, alIergic skin
irritations, and other alIergic diseases -
may one day be found and effective treat-
(Continued on page 14)
JULY 1967
NOW...
a DISPOSABLE CLOSURE
for external solutions
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news
(Continued from page 12)
ment evolved and implemented.
What is environmental medicine? Basical-
ly, it is research study, experiments and
treatment directly involving humans, car-
ried on in environmentally controlled
rooms to further the knowledge of biomed-
ical physiologists and pathophysiologists.
"I believe that environmental medicine
will be an entire medical field in the not-
too-distant future," says Dr. Vincent J.
Fontana, director of pediatrics at St. Vin-
cent's Hospital and Medical Center in New
York City, who conceived the idea for the
room used there.
The St. Vincent's installation, said to be
the first environmentally controlled diag-
nostic and treatment unit in the United
States, was constructed by Tenney En-
gineering. Inc., of Union, N.J. It was in-
stalled in February, 1965.
What are environmentally controlled
rooms? Most of them look like any other
hospital room, but are constructed so that
pollen, dust, molds and other irritants in
the air may be removed completely, or in-
troduced at will in precisely controlled
quantities, to determine their allergic ef-
feet upon the patients. It also is possible
to create a wide range of temperatures
and / or humidities and in some cases to
simulate varying altitudes.
Patients and their reactions to these con-
ditions can be monitored around the clock
by means of closed-circuit television or
one-way windows.
NLN Affirms Stand
On Nursing Education
New York. - The National League for
Nursing again supported its stand for an
orderly phasing out of hospital diploma
schools of nursing at its biennial convention
held in New York in early May. The as-
sembly also adopted a new structure de-
signed to encourage participation in nursing
affairs by the community.
The major issue of the five-day meeting
came on the final morning. A motion to
rescind a 1965 resolution calling for the
orderly transition of nursing education into
institutions of higher learning was defeated.
The NLN's position remains compatible
with the American Nurses' Association's
position on the educational of professional
and technical nurse practitioners.
A second motion was put forward to pro-
vide, for interpretation, a statement that
accredited diploma programs and licensed
practical nursing programs must be conti-
nued concurrently with the development of
the new programs so that present and evolv-
ing nursing needs are met. This motion
was approved and referred to the NLN
Board of Directors for action.
14 THE CANADIAN NURSE
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Tiny patient being cared for in environmentally controlled room at St. Vincent's
Hospital in New York City. Staff check allergic skin reaction.
In bylaw changes approved by the mem-
bership, the League retains councils of
member agencies for all types of nursing
education programs, and councils of mem-
ber agencies for hospital and public health
nursing services. Individual members are
included in a council on community plan-
ning for nursing.
Also approved was a bylaw change mak-
ing the immediate past president a member
of the Board for a two-year term.
Other resolutions approved at the meet-
ing reiterated NLN support of men in
nursing, and urged support for home care
programs.
More than 7,000 members and guests -
representing nursing, hospital administra-
tion, medicine, education - registered for
the convention.
RNABC Returns President
For Second Term
Vancouver. - Mrs. Margaret H. Lunn
was named for a second term as president
of the Registered Nurses' Association of
British Columbia at the annual meeting
May 31 - June 2. Mrs. Lunn is currently
acting head nurse at the Pearson Hospital
in Vancouver.
Elected by acclamation as first vice-presi-
dent was Miss Eunice Bastable. public
health nurse in the After Care Clinic of the
Provincial Mental Health Services.
Also elected to office were Mrs. Monica
The new president of the National League for Nursing, L. Ann Conley, second
tro'!1 right
and other officers get together informally after the announcement of
their electiOn at the National League tor Nursing Convention in New York in
May. Left are Anne Kibrick, /irst vice-president, and Gwendoline R. MacDo-
nald, third vice-president. At right is Dean Long, treasurer. Michael G. Blans-
/ield, second vice-president was not present.
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JULY 1967
Next Month
in
The
Canadian
Nurse
. Inservice education
. New image for the
hospital chaplain
· Manipulation in nurse-patient
relationships
Photo credits
E. Roseborough - Cover photo
Graetz Bros. Ltd., p. 9
Julien LeBourdais, pp. 20, 24
Briston Films Limited, p. 2S
,UL Y 1967
news. ,I ARISTOC
Angus, student In the master s program In
education at UBC, as second vice-president;
Miss Marion K. Smith, senior administra-
tive assistant of special projects and research
at the Vancouver General Hospital, as hon-
orary secretary; and Mr. Thomas J. Mc-
Kenna, medical technician at Riverview
Hospital, Essondale, as honorary treasurer.
The new executive will serve a two-year
term.
Evaluation Forms Need
Evaluation, Educator
Points Out
Ottawa. - Evaluation forms now in use
place too much emphasis on personality
traits and not enough on nursing care, ac-
cording to Sister Jeanne Forest of Mon-
treal's Institut Marguerite d'YouviIle. Sister
Jeanne was addressing delegates of the
Canadian Conference of University Schools
of Nursing at their meeting here at the end
of May.
Striving for adequate care, administering
drugs precisely, admitting errors, and keep-
ing up-to-date on new methods are some of
the main characteristics of a good student
nurse, she said. Sister has recently com-
pleted a 200-page research paper on the
evaluation of first-year nursing students as
a partial requirement for her doctoral de-
gree.
Other speakers at the meeting included
Miss Moyra Allen, associate professor of
nursing at McGill University in Montreal,
Miss Betty Harrington of the University of
Alberta, Edmonton, and Miss Marie Forten
of Laval University, Quebec.
During the meeting, the more than 40
professors from university schools across
Canada discussed suggestions for a new
structure for CCUSN. A further meeting
will be held in October to investigate the
proposal.
Deans and directors of university schools
of nursing in Ontario reported that they
have established a separate association to
share ideas on programs, progress, prob-
lems, and plans in the province.
New Salvation Army Hospital
Opens in Winnipeg
Winnipeg. - Transferring patients
even just down the hall - can be a trouble-
some task. However, the transfer of patients
five and one-half miles - from the old
Grace General Hospital in downtown Win-
nipeg to the gleaming new Grace General
Hospital in the suburb of St. James - went
off slick as a whistle.
The transfer of patients to the new 250-
bed hospital was planned with the Metro-
politan Winnipeg Emergency Measures Or-
ganization. The move was completed in one
day.
Fashion stockings
now imported
from England
Buy Direct
and Save!
Now you can buy Britain's fOp selling
quality stockings af considerable savings.
For the price of cheaper stockings you
can now get the betfer wear and comfort
usually found only in sfockings costing
$1.50 or more. Buy for yourself or for a
group and get fhe volume discounfs.
PRICES ARE ACTUALLY LOWER THAN
YOU WOULD PAY IF YOU BOUGHT THEM
IN ENGLAND!
"GOODWOOD" style. Fin-
est seamless dress sheer.
AS LOW AS Micromesh for longer wear.
No binding, no wrinkling.
98 f
Off: f
;:,g t
Opsg
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e Compare with $1.50 value.
Price in Eogland 6/11
($1.05), in white black,
mocho, beige, toupee Any
3 prs. $3.27 ($1.09 ea.);
6 prs. $6.30 ($1.05 ea.);
EACH 12 prs. $11.76 (98
eo.);
sizes 8 Y2 to 11; short,
medium, toll.
AS LOW AS
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comfort of S-T-R-E-T-C-H
79 TOPS AND TOES plus
cliogiog, wrinkle free fit.
e Compare with $1.29 value.
Price in England 5/11
(89
). White only. 3 prs.
$2.67 (89
ea.); 6 prs.
$5.10 (85
ea.); t2 prs.
EACH $9.48 (79
ea.); sizes 8Vo
to 11; short. medium. tall.
Special !
"GROSVENOR" WHITE WALKING SHEER
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($1.19 ea.); 6 prs. ($6.54 ($1.09 ea.)
.-----------
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ONT. I
I Style Qty. Size Length I
' I I enclose $ .
O
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add 5% s.t.)
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Use separate sh..t if required.
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 15
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DESIGNED WITH THE NURSE
IN MIND
Acoustical Perfection
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Order from
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MONTREAL 28 QUEBEC
news
The new seven and one-half million dol-
lar building had been officially opened two
weeks before by Manitoba Premier Duff
Roblin. Commissioner Edgar Grinsted, Ter-
ritorial Commander for the Salvation Army
in Canada and Bermuda, handed Premier
Roblin the special golden key at the open-
ing ceremonies on April 19.
Prior to the transfer of patients, which
took place May 6, tours were arranged for
many organizations and the public. One of
ASSISTOSCOPE
DESIGNED WITH THE NURSE
IN MIND
Acoustical Perfection
... SU. AND DA/IITY
... IlUGGED AND DEHIDAIU
... UGHT AND fLEXIIU
... WHITE DII llACI TUI.IG
... NRSOItAL STETHOSCOPE TO FIT
rOlJl/l'OCXET AND I'OCXETBOOK
Made in Canada
16 THE CANADIAN NURSE
the most popular was that for senior citi-
zens; more than 600 took advantage of the
opportunity to see the new facilities. Over
8,500 people toured the hospital during the
nine days.
The old hospital has been closed to allow
demolition of the oldest parts. Later, a new
Winnipeg Division will be opened on the
site. The plan is to provide 450 beds in
the two divisions. By operating the two as
one hospital, important savings will be
made. Modern communication services
make it possible to add the 200-bed division
without duplication of senior administrative
positions. For example, there will be one
*T.M.
67-3
administrator, one director of nursing, one
medical director, one purchasing depar-
ment, one personnel office, one admitting
department, one CSR, and one switchboard.
The two divisions will be linked though an
internal telephone system, by direct trans-
mission of written and typed communica-
tions, and possibly by telephone transmis-
sion of x-rays and electrocardiograms.
Specialist services will not be duplicated.
For instance, obstetric and pediatric serv-
ices will be provided only at St. James, and
psychiatric and urological services will be
in the Winnipeg division - emergencies
always excepted.
RNAO Greylists
County Hospital
Toronto. - The Registered Nurses' As-
sociation of Ontario has announced the
greylisting of Lennox and Addington County
General Hospital. in Napanee.
The Association recommends that nurses
refrain from accepting employment in this
hospital until the present dispute over a
management problem is resolved. The dis-
pute relates to the termination of employ-
ment of three senior members of the nurs-
ing staff - an administrative supervisor, a
supervisor of the operating room, and a
head nurse in the emergency department.
RNAO urged present staff to honor their
employment contracts so that the hospital
may continue to function.
In a press announcement, the Association
said "We take this action with regret and
in the absence of an established mechanism
for resolution of a dispute involving mana-
gement nurses. The association is willing,
at any time, to work with the hospital
administration in an effort to find a solu-
tion to the dispute. The hospital has not
suggested that the nurses involved in the
dispute are other than competent profes-
sional persons. They lost their positions
attempting to bring about better patient
care through suggestions pertaining to im-
proved methods of administration of the
nursing department."
New Pamphlet Describes
Nurses' Education, Functions
A concise description of both the dip-
loma and baccalaureate nursing programs
and the roles that graduates from either
program will play in nursing is contained
in a new pamphlet published by the Can-
adian Nurses' Association.
The five-page pamphlet, called Roles,
Function and Educational Preparation for
the Practice of Nursing, points out the dif-
ferences in the two categories of nurses -
baccalaureate and diploma - from the
viewpoint of both education and functions
of the nurse.
It would be most helpful to those con-
sidering a nursing career as well as to
those concerned with education and nursing
service throughout the country.
JULY 1967
news
SRNA gives $5000
To CNF
Saskatoon - To commemorate its 50th
anniversary, the Saskatchewan Registered
Nurses' Association sent a $5,000 cheque to
the Canadian Nurses' Foundation.
This donation was voted by SRNA mem-
bers at their 1966 annual meeting and the
money was given to the Foundation in the
name of Saskatchewan nurses early in this
golden anniversary year.
In her address at the Convention, Miss
Vera Spencer, outgoing president, reminded
the nurses that the CNF nevertheless needs
their individual support and asked them to
subscribe generously.
The $5,000 will be used for nursing
scholarships by the Foundation.
Lethbridge Sister
To Lead Alberta Nurses
Edmomon. - Reverend Sister Ann
Marie, director of nursing education at
St. Michael's Hospital School of Nursing,
Lethbridge, was elected President of the
Alberta Association of Registered Nurses
at their annual convention in Edmonton,
May 16-19. Sister Ann Marie is the first
nun ever to hold the president's position
in the 5 I-year history of the Association.
Miss Geneva Purcell, director of nursing,
University Hospital, Edmonton; Miss Eileen
Jameson, director of nursing education, Gen-
eral Hospital, Calgary; and Mrs. Lillian
..
Rutherford, senior nurse, Grande Prairie
Health Unit, were elected vice-presidents of
the 9,500-member organization.
Sister Ann Marie is a graduate of
the General Hospital School of Nur-
sing, New Waterford, N.S., and re-
ceived a Bachelor of Science in Nur-
JULY 1967
sing degree from. S1. Francis Xavier
University, Antigonish, N.S. In 1964 she
received a Master of Science degree from
Boston University. She served with the
Canadian Anny Medical Corps during
World War II and entered the Congregation
of the Sisters of St. Martha in 1952. She
served as a vice-president of the AARN for
two years prior to being elected to the top
post.
to dependents of present or former non-
commissioned members of the RCAM CA
(R), or of the CASF (Korea) who have
served since 1950.
The bursary is awarded to a dependent
who bas achieved satisfactory scholastic
standing in the entrance, first, second, or
third year of a recognized Canadian univer-
sity, teachers' college, school of nursing, or
institute of technology course requiring a
minimum' of 2400 hours of instruction.
Further details may be obtained from the
Secretary, RCAMC Bursary, Surgeon Gen-
eral Staff, National Defence Headquarters,
Ottawa 4, Ontario.
RCAMC Bursary Announced
Ottawa. - The Royal Canadian Army
Medical Corps Fund announces an annual
bursary of $300.00. The award will be given
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with
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FLEET ENEMA's fast prep time obsoletes soap and
water procedures. The enema does not require warm-
ing. It can be used at room temperature. It avoids the
ordeal of injecting large quantities of fluid into the
bowel, and the possibility of water intoxication.
The patient should preferably be lying on the left side
with the knees flexed, or in the knee-chest position.
Once the protective cap has been removed, and the
prelubricated anatomically correct rectal tube gently
inserted, simple manual pressure on the container
does the rest! Care should be taken to ensure that
the contents of the bowel are completely expelled. Left
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colon catharsis is normally achieved in two to five
minutes, with little or no mucosal irritation, pain or
spasm. If a patient is dehydrated or debilitated,
hypertonic solutions such as FLEET ENEMA, must
be administered with caution. Repeated use at short
intervals is to be avoided. Do not administer to children
under six months of age unless directed by a physician.
And afterwards, no scrubbing, no sterilisation, no
preparation for re-use. The complete FLEET ENEMA
unit is simply discarded!
Every special plastic "squeeze-bottle" contains 41f2
fl. oz. of precisely formulated solution, so that the
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Each J 00 ce. of FLEET ENEMA contains:
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 17
news
Three-Day Education Workshop
Held For PEl Instructors
Charlottetown. - The Association of
Nurses of Prince Edward Island recently
sponsored a three-day workshop on nursing
education for the faculties of all schools
of nursing in the province. Miss Margaret
Steed, nursing consultant in education,
Canadian Nurses' Association, conducted
the workshop sessions, which focused on
curriculum planning and evaluation of stu-
dents in clinical practice.
The purpose of the workshop was to help
instructors identify problem areas in curri-
culum construction, course content, utiliza-
tion of practice areas, and evaluation tech-
niques.
Forty-two nurses, most of them nursing
instructors, attended the lecture-discussion
program.
Discu
ion leaders were Mrs. Beth Rob-
inson, Prince Edward Island School of
Nursing, Miss Stella Driscoll, Charlottetown
Hospital School of Nursing, Mrs. Mary
Murphy, Prince County Hospital School of
Nursing, and Mrs. Marilyn Coady, River-
side Hospital School for the Psychiatric
Nursing Affiliate Program.
Nursing Service Workshop
Held on West Coast
Vancouver. - Sixty-eight nurses from
44 centers in Alberta and British Columbia
attended the second Workshop for Directors
and Assistant Directors of Nursing Service
held in Vancouver May 2-5.
Dr. Larry Moore, assistant professor, Fac-
ulty of Commerce and Business Adminis-
tration at the University of British Colum-
bia, Miss Madge McKillop, assistant admin-
istrator, nursing, at the University Hospital
in Saskatoon, and M;
s Kathleen Dier, as-
sistant professor of nursing at the Univer-
sity of Saskatchewan, discussed current
problems in nursing and Dr. Moore led
group sessions on techniques of problem-
solving.
The four-day conference was the second
of six regional conferences on nursing ser-
vice sponsored by the Canadian Nurses' As-
sociation. Four others will be held in Re-
gina, Toronto, London, and Quebec City
this fall. Miss Frances Howard, CNA con-
sultant in nursing service, directs the work-
shop sessions.
"These programs permit self-development
for a group often ignored in planning staff
education. Inservice programs provide the
means by which staff nurses can grow, but
the director often has no one with whom
she can share problems and learn how to
face them," said Miss Howard.
World Health Problems
.............
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First Work Conference Scheduled
For New School at Memorial
University
St. John's. - The first work conference
to be held in the new school of nursing at
Memorial University of Newfoundland is
scheduled for July 3-14, 1967. The con-
ference, cosponsored by the Association
of Registered Nurses of Newfoundland and
the university, is designed for teachers of
nursing, and participants will include teach-
ers in the diploma and nursing assistants'
programs as well as inservice education
coordinators.
Director of the conference is Dr. Alice
Rines. professor of nursing, Teachers Col-
lege, Columbia University, New York. Dr.
Rines, a Canadian, is currently helping
prepare teachers of nursing at the master's
level.
The program will cover a range of topics
from the general to the particular. Dr.
Rines will begin the conference with a
consideration of a "Philosophy of Nursing
and Nursing Education." Topics to be dis-
cussed throughout the remainder of the
conference will be of practical value to
teachers and will deal with subjects such
as selection and organization of content,
methods of teaching, and use of the labor-
atory in nursing.
Those who attend all sessions will be
granted certificates of attendance.
developing nations
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infectious and parasitic diseases
.. cancer
. diseases of the heart and blood vessels
. ulcer, appendicitis and g.i. disease
birth injuries, neonatal and infant diseases
1 old age
Q violent death. includin g accidents, suicide
.:.
18 THE CANADIAN NURSE
-= all other causes
graphs: WHO
JULY 1967
news
Special Children's Unit
Successful; New Unit Opens
Dartmouth. N.S. - At the beginning of
April, a second children's unit was estab-
lished at the Nova Scotia Hospital in Dart-
mouth. The second ward is in the main
portion of the hospitlll and admits children
unsuitable for care in MacKay House, the
hospital's special homelike unit. The estab-
lishment of the second unit means that it is
no longer necessary to house children in the
adult sections of the hospital.
MacKay House, a 22-bed treatment unit,
opened in November 1965. There, doctors
treat children between the ages of five and
twelve who suffer from severe emotional
and behavioral problems as well as cer-
tain types of mental illness. The treatment
program includes individual psychotherapy,
the use of drugs where indicated, group
sessions, group games both inside and out-
side the hospital, individual and group
counseling for parents. and close liason
with community and welfare agencies.
The hospital has tried to maintain an
atmosphere as close to average home life
as possible. This has been achieved through
the homelike appearance of MacKay House
(which originally had been the home of the
hospital supervisor), inclusion of many com-
munity social activities such as cubs or
guides, attendance at city schools, and
swimming, skating, and shopping trips. All
meals are prepared in MacKay House rather
than in the hospital central kitchen, and
children eat in family-like groups with the
child care workers who look after them.
The new ward will provide for examina-
tion and treatment of children who have
brain damage or who are $uffering from
epilepsy. These children will receive a dif-
ferent type of care and management, but
will still have care in residential treatment
units.
Personnel for the residential wards are
selected according to innate personality
traits rather than training background. The
child care workers have a variety of ex-
perience in group activities, such as "Y"
work, scouts and guides. They must have
a sensitivity for the needs of disturbed chil-
dren and sufficient maturity to cope with
the work. A minimum grade 12 education
is required.
Consultants in child psychiatry, pediatrics,
occupational therapy, teaching, group case
work, psychology and nursing work with
the child care workers.
Staff Nurses Discuss
Work Setting
Montreal. - The importance of the role
of the staff nurse and her responsibility for
better patient care were stressed in a work-
IULY 1967
WORKSHOPS FOR
DIRECTORS AND
Ð
ASSIST ANT DIRECTORS
Four more regional workshops for directors or assistant directors of nursing service in hos-
pitals will be conducted in 1967. The topic: Improvement of Nursing Service in Hospitals
Through the Problem-Solving Method.
The workshops aim at stimulating directors and assistant directors of nursing service to use
the problem-solving approach in the administration of nursing services. Key speakers will
discuss techniques of problem-solving. Major problems in nursing services in Canada will be
discussed. Through group work and case study methods skills in problem-solving will be
developed.
Region
Ontario
Mid-West
Ontario
Quebec
City
Toronto
Regina
London
Quebec City
Date
October 17-20. 1967
October 24-27. 1967
November 7-10. 1967
Nov. 28-Dec. I, 1967
The wornhop to be held in Quebec city will be conducted in the French language only.
English language nurses in the province of Quebec are invited to attend one of the work-
shops held in Ontario. French language nurses in New Brunswick are invited to attend the
workshop in Quebec city.
The workshops are open to directors or assistant directors of nursing service in hospitals.
Registration is limited to 60 persons. The registration fee is $50.00. Because of the nature
of the workshop only full-time registrants can be accepted.
Here is an opportunity for directors and assistant directors of nursing service:
. to sharpen skills in problem-solving within a
"training laboratory" environment;
. to learn how problem-solving can be facilitated through group work;
. to stimulate orderly thinking toward the improvement of
nursing service;
. to identify the leadership role of the director of nursing service
and/or assistant director of nursing service in problem-solving and
decision making.
Interested! then plan now to attend the workshop in your area. Register early and avoid
disoppointment.
I wish to register for the CNA Regional Workshop for Directors or
Assistant Directors of Nursing Service in Hospitals held in :
D Toronto
D Regina
D London
D Quebec City
Name
Title of Position .
Years in Position ..
Name of Hospital
Number of Beds
City or Town .
Qualifications beyond RN
I enclose postal note (bank money order) for $.
payable to the Canadian Nurses' Association.
MAIL TO:
CANADIAN NURSES' ASSOCIATION
50 The Driveway
Ottawa 4, Ontario
THE CANADIAN NURSE 19
news
shop held by the English Chapter, District
XI of the Association of Nurses of the
Province of Quebec. Sessions were held on
May 15th, 1967 and repeated on May 16th.
The workshop was particularly geared for
staff nurses, assistant head nurses, and
nursing instructors.
The title, "This Place Called Work," re-
flected the theme. The groups attempted to
identify some of the environmental factors
that either inhibit or enhance effective
nursing.
Following the opening presentation by
Miss Joan Gilchrist, assistant professor of
nursing, McGill University, the group di-
vided into smaller units for discussion. A
panel of nursing experts then examined the
findings of the group and emphasized
certain main factors. Mrs. Anita CabeIIi,
director of nursing at Maimonides Hospital
and Home for the Aged, spoke on human
resources and their implications for nursing.
Material resources and their effect on nurs-
ing care was the subject of Mr. Samuel
Cohen, executive director of the Jewish
General Hospital, Montreal. Communica-
tion was discussed by Miss Lorine Besel,
supervisor of nursing at the Allan Memor-
ial Institute. Mrs. Elva Armstrong, head
nurse at the Montreal Children's Hospital
talked about cooperation.
School of Nursing Librarians
Meet in Toronto
Toronto. - School of nursing librarians
from the Toronto area held a special sem-
inar on Library resources and tools on
May 17th. The group, almost all of whom
are non-professional librarians, is the same
one that initiated the library workshops in
the Spring of 1966. The Registered Nurses'
Association of Ontario provided space and
secretarial services for the group.
Miss Margaret Parkin, librarian for the
Canadian Nurses' Association, was guest
speaker for the morning session. She dis-
cussed resources of the CNA Library, ac-
quisition of government documents, library
reference tools, and compilation of bibli-
ographies. Miss Mabel Brown, librarian,
school of nursing at the Civic Hospital,
Ottawa, and Miss Marilynne Sequin, libra-
rian. school of nursing, St. Michael's Hos-
pital, Toronto discussed library orientation
and audiovisual aids in the afternoon.
"The discussion periods were vigorous
and interesting, and revealed how much
such seminars are needed," said Miss Par-
kin. "It was a pleasure to work with such
an enthusiastic and keenly interested group."
One-day Conference at Sarnia
Sarnia, Onto - On April 26th, 1967,
obstetrical staff of the Sarnia General Hos-
20 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Overhead Projector Demonstrated
'
-
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&
,
,
\.
.
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=
Nurse educators at the RNAO annual meeting April 27-29 had an oppor-
tunity to view a relatively new type of teaching aid, the "overhead projector,"
courtesy of the J. B. Lippincott Company of Canada. Sister Mary Felicitas,
president of the Canadian Nurses' Association, and Miss M. Catherine Farah,
assistant coordinator of inservice education at St. Michael's Hospital, To-
ronto, watch with interest as Mr. B. Lippincott shows them how overhead
projection of transparencies can be used to reinforce lectures. Both the
transparencies and projectors are available from the Lippincott Company.
pital held a one-day conference. Purposes
of the meeting were to promote job satis-
faction; to add to the nurse's basic knowl-
edge; to improve patient care; and to en-
courage self-development.
Members of the medical staff gave lec-
tures on hypnosis and its place in obstet-
rics, jaundice in the newborn, recent de-
velopments in obstetrics, and postpartum
psychoses.
All obstetrical staff attended. As well,
a general invitation was issued to all nurs-
ing departments within the hospital, the
Department of Public Health, Victorian
Order of Nurses, and the Children's Aid
Society. Sixty persons attended.
Male Nurses Admitted to
University of Montreal
Montreal. - Graduate male nurses -
although not recognized in the provincial
Nurses' Act and who at present cannot be
members of the Association of Nurses of
the Province of Quebec - will nevertheless
be admitted to the bacaIaureate degree
course at the University of Montreal.
Denying an announcement in the Quebec
paper Le Soleil, which stated admission
would be refused, Miss Alice Girard, dean
of the nursing faculty, said "We hope that
the Nurses' Act will be amended this year
to permit these male nurses who will have
a bachelor's degree to practice legally."
Hospital Pharmacy Keeps
Drug Information Up-to-date
Regina. - A quick and efficient method
by which staff can obtain information on
drugs has been developed by the pharmacy
department of the Regina Grey Nuns' Hos-
pital. The Drug Information Centre pro-
vides a service which ensures that detailed,
accurate, and up-ta-date drug information is
readily available to the medical and nursing
professions in the hospital.
Information is filed under the coding sys-
tem of the American Hospital Formulary
with a separate folder for each drug. Both
JULY 1967
Colored charts of the
female reproductive system...
free
Ao
-,
:- ,_:-_,:-r
TlR "''''
NUl LAB ^
....I'C"Tu..
STANDING
FEMALE PELVIC ORGANS
1:.___.' !Iot"'O'\_ T_... 1...._...., ...... 'V.,. MY
We would like to send you a set of anatomical
drawings of the female reproductive system. They
include illustrations of the changes that occur
during the menstrual cycle. These classic draw-
ings in color by R. L. Dickinson, M.D., are lami-
nated in plastic for permanent use as an aid in
explaining pelvic anatomy to patients; suitable for
grease-pencil use and erasure.
And to help you in your instruction, we offer
two booklets: one with answers to questions young
girls may, or would like to ask, and the other, for
older girls, explaining menstruation and its place
in a woman's life.
If you will fill out the coupon, we will be happy
to provide you, free, with a set of the anatomical
charts, professional samples of Tampax tampons
and sample copies of the booklets for your evalua-
tion. You may then order as many free booklets
as you need.
Tampax tampons help reduce the aversion that
many girls and women feel toward menstruation.
Users experience none of the irritation and chaf-
PfiE .. II.L POSTMI!:N5TlllUo\L
t ' 11;1 i
.
( '" '"0" . : '
I:RU ' A
I , .
".
'
A.
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS
[..,.,--.1 o.e-I_I. T_... I___"t.d. ....'Y... HV
ing often caused by a perineal pad. Tampax
tampons virtually abolish menstrual odor, a
source of embarrassment for many women. And
they are hygienic-easy to insert, to wear, and to
dispose of-so that your patients will feel cool,
clean and fresh when they wear this menstrual
protection.
Tampax tampons are available in Junior, Reg-
ular, and Super absorbencies. Explicit directions
for insertion are enclosed in each package.
TAM PAX
.tamponJ
SANIT ARY PROTECTION WORN INTERNALLY
MADE ONLY BY CANADIAN T AMPAX CORPORA TION LTD., BARRIE, ONTARIO.
ï-----------------------,
I Canadian Tampax Corporation Limited, I
I P.O. Box 627, Barrie, On!. I
I Please send free a set of the Dickinson charts, copies of the I
I two booklets, a postcard for easy reordering and samples of I
I Tampax tampons. I
I Name I
I I
I Address I
I CN.2 I
L_______________________
news
generic and brand names of the drug are
indexed so that the information can be re-
trieved with a minimum of delay. The file
contains package inserts, new product in-
formation forms, manufacturers' notices and
reprints, and a bibliography of all articles
available in the medical library that per-
tain to that particular drug.
A Pharmacy Newsletter is published
every two months and distributed to the
nursing staff. It features different phases of
drug therapy and information on the re-
lease of new pharmaceuticals.
School of Nursing Gets
National Health Grant
Ottawa. - The School of Nursing at the
University of New Brunswick is the first
project in that province to receive a con-
tribution from the federal government's
Health Resources Fund. National Health
and Welfare Minister, Allan J. MacEachen,
announced that $999,127 will go toward the
cost of constructing and equipping the new
building for nurses.
Construction on the three-story build-
at
your
fingertips. . .
secure
umbilical cord
ligation
"'
When it's time to ligate the umbilical cord, a Hollister
Double_GripTM Cord-Clamp should be within reach. Its
contoured finger-grips and wide jaw angle make one-
hand applIcation easy.
Hollister's Cord-Clamp has other benefits too: a hinge
guard to keep even a large cord within the sealing area;
firm-holding Double-Grip jaws to prevent slipping; a
constant, even pressure to eliminate the dangers of seep-
age; and no need for belly bands or dressings. The clamp
has a permanent, blind closure. When it's ready for re-
moval-usually after 24 hours-the clamp is simply cut
through at the hinge. Hollister provides the clipper.
This disposable, lightweight Hollister Cord-Clamp may
be autoclaved, or it can be purchased in individual pre-
sterilized packets. Write for samples and literature, on
hospital or professional letterhead, please.
M HOLLISTER
II IN CANADA: 160 BAY ST.. TDRDNTD I. DNT. . 211 E CHICAGD AVE. CHICAGD ILL 60&11
22 THE CANADIAN NURSE
ing started in May, 1966. Completion date
is set for March 31, 1968.
The new facilities will permit a student
enrolment during 1968-1971 of 617 nursing
students. Ninety students will be admitted
to the first year in 1968. and by 1971 the
school will provide for admission of 115
students to the first year nursing program.
As well as increasing the student enrol-
ment, the new building will provide for
expansion in types of programs offered, and
possibly for postgraduate teaching programs.
Health and Welfare Publications
Received PR Awards
Ottawa. - Four booklets produced by
the Department of National Health and
Welfare have been selected for "awards of
excellence" by the Canadian Public Rela-
tions Society. They are: Canadian Mother
and Child: Drugs - Handle With Care;
Food, Drug, Cosmetic Protection for Call-
adians; and Vellereal Disease - What You
Should Know.
The publications were selected under the
Society's annual "PR in Print" program,
and were announced at the Society's Annual
Conference held in Quebec City.
Copies of all four booklets are available
from provincial departments of health.
Cost of Hospital Services
Triples in Past 8 Years
Montreal. - Cost of hospital services
paid by hospital insurance has tripled in
eight years, Allan MacEachen, Minister of
National Health and Welfare, told delegates
in his address at the opening of the annual
meeting of the Canadian Hospital Associa-
tion in early May. Services that cost $21.23
in 1958, cost $54.02 in 1966, and will very
likely reach $62.98 in 1967.
The minister states that this increase is
brought about by several factors. partic-
ularly increase of salaries, changes in the
quantity and/or quality of service, scope of
programs, and varying levels of efficiency.
He remarked that it has become necessary
to utilize every means possible to lower
costs. He added that noticeable long-term im-
provement in the hospital efficiency le-
quires applied research at all levels.
Conference on
Adolescent Psychiatry
Montreal. - The first conference on
adolescent psychiatry was held at Douglas
Hospital on Tuesday, June 20. More than
200 psychiatrists, psychologists, and welfare
officials from centers throughout the United
States and Canada attended.
Dr. R. L. Jenkins, professor of child psy-
chiatry, University of Iowa, gave the open-
ing address.
He spoke on "Major Reaction Types in
Adolescents."
Other speakers dealt with various aspects
of adolescent problems in psychiatry.
JULY 1967
Opiates, radiation therapy,
.oral contraceptives, motion,
ver ·
0, anesthesia and
ant lotic. . .
,
-
\
\
/
there are so many reasons to remember
Gravol
Gravol (dimenhydrinate) available as: Gravol Tablets, 50 mg.; Gravol Capsules, 25 mg., for Immediate
release. 50 mg., In sustained release form; Gravol Suppositories, 100 mg.; Gravol Paediatric Sup.
posltorles, 50 mg.; Gravol Liquid, 45 mg., per tablespoonful; Gravol Ampoules (5 cc.) 10 mg. per cc.;
Gravol Vial (30 cc.) 10 mg. per cc.; Gravoil/m (5 cc.) 110 mg. per cc. Full Information available on request,
FRANK W. HORNER LIMITED. MONTREAL, CANADA
JULY 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 23
names
, .,
..
.
--
.
-I
--
"
..
"
,
"
..
.
Marjorie G. Russell, well known to Canadian nurses as matron-in-chief of
the nursing services, RCN, during World War II, as a former director of
Nursing at the Phillips School of Nursing, Queen Elizabeth Hospital,
Montreal, and as nursing consultant with the federal government's De-
partment of Veterans Affairs, was awarded an Honorary Membership in
RNAO at the Association's anual meeting in April. Here, Miss Elsbeth
Geiger, past president of the Association, congratulates Miss Russell. In
conferring the Honorary Membership, executive director Laura W. Barr
spoke of Miss Russell's considerable contribution to both the nati:mal and
provincial nursing associations. In summarizing she said, "We are all
grateful to Marjorie Russell. We have been intensely proud of her for
many years past. We have admired her for doing so much, so well, in
so many fields."
Margaret Brown Harty, Ed.D., has been
appointed director, Division of Nursing,
Education, National League for Nursing,
New York. She assumes her new position
in August.
A graduate of St. Luke's Hospital School
of Nursing in New Bedford, Mass., Dr.
Harty received her bachelor's degree in nurs-
ing from San Francisco State College, her
mater's in education from the University of
San Francisco, and her doctorate from the
University of California at Berkeley.
Dr. Harty currently is chairman, Division
of Nursing and Health Services, Chabot
College, Hayward, California. She is also
the elected president of the California
League for Nursing and chairman of the
Western Regional Council of State Leagues
for Nursing. In her new position with the
League, she will direct the agency's overall
program to improve nursing education
through national accreditation, consultation,
research, publications, and other services.
24 THE CANADIAN NURSE
An award for Distinguished Achieve-
ment in Nursing Education was presented
posthumously to Katherine E, MacLaggan,
May 10 in New York City. The award was
one of six presented for distinguished
achievement in nursing by the Nursing
Education Alumni Association of the Divi-
sion of Nursing Education of Teachers
College, Columbia University. The awards
were made during the biennial convention
of the National League for Nursing.
President of the Association, Lucy D.
Germain, described the late president of the
Canadian Nurses' Association as a "capable,
humanistic practitioner of nursing, superb
teacher, able administrator, understanding
counselor, and gentlewoman of great integ-
rity, courage, and strength of purpose. Her
brilliant dissertation, Portrait of Nursing:
A Plan for the Education of Nurses in the
Province of New Brunswick, has already
provided a goal for educators in her native
Canada," said the president.
On June 1, 1967,
Alice C. Mills as-
sumed her duties as
executive secretary-
treasurer of the Sas-
katchewan Registered
Nurses' Association.
..... Her appointment was
. .. incorrectly reported in
THE CANADIAN NURSE
in the June, 1967, issue.
Miss Mills, a graduate of the school of
nursing of Wellesley Hospital, Toronto,
also attended the Margaret Hague Maternity
Hospital where she studied obstetrical nurs-
ing for one year. Following this she ob-
tained her bachelor of nursing degree from
McGill. In 1958 she went to England where
she became certified as a state midwife.
Prior to her appointment with the SRNA,
Miss Mills was regional nursing supervisor
with the Saskatchewan Department of Pub-
lic Health in Prince Albert.
Sister Marguerite Letourneau, director of
nursing education at Holy Cross Hospital
School of Nursing, Calgary, Alberta is pres-
ently on a four-month leave of absence to
prepare a brief to be submitted to the
University of Calgary. The preparation of
a brief to demonstrate the need for a degree
program on the Calgary campus, was ap-
proved by the Alberta Association of Re-
gistered Nurses' Provincial CO:Incil. Sister
Letourneau was approached to undertake
the project because of her interest and abi-
lity both in nursing education and in con-
ducting studies.
A graduate of St. Paul's Hospital School
of Nursing, Saskatoon, Sister also holds her
bachelor of science in nursing degree from
the Institute Marguerite d'Y ouville, Mon-
treal, and her master of science in nursing
degree from the Catholic University of
America, Washington, D.C.
Her experience included duty as medical
and night supervisor at Holy Cross Hospital
before she undertook the position of dir-
ector of nursing education in 1963.
Her active membership in several provin-
cial organizations made her well-qualified
for her present assignment with the AARN.
In 1965-66 Sister Letourneau was chairman
of the AARN Nursing Education Commit-
tee, and she is presently a member of the
Nursing Recruitment Advisory Committee,
Board of Examiners Committee, and active
in a number of subcommittees.
Acting director in Sister Letourneau's
absence is Sister Alice Romanchuk.
JULY 1967
-
...--,.
t I .
. .
\
'-
.
---
Alice M. Girard, president of the International Council of Nurses, was awarded
the Florence Nightingale Medal for 1967 this past May She is s,een here with
Mr. Samuel A. Gonard, President of the International Committee of the Red
Cross.
Alice M. Girard, president of the Inter-
national Council of Nurses, was presented
with the Florence Nightingale Medal at
the annual meeting of Central Council of
the Canadian Red Cross Society in Mon-
treal. Miss Girard, from Montreal, is Dean
of the Faculty of Nursing, University of
Montreal. She is the tenth Canadian nurse
to receive this medal, the only international
award for nursing, since it was established
in 1912. The presentation was made by Mr.
Samuel A. Gonard, president of the Inter-
nationa1 Committee of the Red Cross.
Miss Girard was born in Waterbury,
Connecticut, of a family of French-Cana-
dian origin. A graduate of the school of
nursing at St. Vincent de Paul Hospital in
Sherbrooke, Quebec, she has in turn re-
ceived: a public health certificate from the
University of Toronto; a bachelor of
science degree from Catholic University of
Washington, D.C.. a master's degree in
nursing education from Columbia Univer-
sity, New York; a Kellogg Foundation Fel-
lowship in hospital administration at Johns
Hopkins University, Baltimore, and a social-
science degree at the University of Mon-
treal, where she was also director of the
School for Public Health Nurses.
She helped to establish the University of
Montreal's faculty of nursing in 1962 and
is presently the first woman ever to hold
the position of dean at that university.
Her experience since her graduation from
St. Vincent de Paul Hospital has been var-
ied and extensive. She was director of
nursing and assistant administrator at Hô-
pital Saint-Luc in Montreal; president of
the Canadian Nurses' Association in 1958;
president of the Nursing Education Com-
mittee, International Council of Catholic
Nurses; and. in 1961. was appointed the
only woman member on the Royal Com-
mission of Health Services in Canada.
Miss Girard is a member of several in-
ternational organizations, including the
Committee for Acute Patient Care with
International Hospital Federation and the
World Health Organization Expert Advisory
Panel on Nursing.
Howard W a I t e r
Dale, a native of
Bowmanville, Onta-
rio, has been appoint-
ed employment re-
lations consultant for
the Manitoba Associ-
ation of Registered
. Nurses. Prior to this
appointment, Mr. Dale
was claims inspector of the Workmans
Compensation Board He also has held
positions as manager and sales representa-
tive with various companies in the provinces
of Ontario and Manitoba.
JULY 1967
Aline M. Dionne
has been appointed
educational consultant
for Canada for the
Canadian Tampax
Corporation. Miss
Dionne, a native of
Amqui, Quebec, re-
ceived her nursing
education at Hôpital
Notre Dame, in Montreal. Following grad-
uation she received her diploma in public
health from the school of nursing at the
University of Montreal.
For the past eight years, Miss Dionne
--
has worked as a public health nurse for
the City of Montreal. She served for a
number of years as president of the Public
Health Nursing Alumnae for the University
of Montreal. She will be spending a great
deal of her time traveling, as she will
attend nursing conventions and visit nurs-
ing associations and schools all across Can-
ada. She speaks four languages fluently, and
has lectured on menstrual health in three
languages - English, French, and Spanish.
"I also speak Italian, but so far, have not
had occasion to use it for lectures in this
country," she says.
At present. Cassy Harker must travel by
car to complete the rounds of her hospital.
As group matron of the Darlington Group
District General Hospital, Miss Harker is
in charge of five separate hospitals, some
as far as 15 miles apart. These five hospitals,
and a sixth for maternity, combine to form
one complete unit. Plans are now under-
way to change all this, however. A new
hospital that will contain all services is now
under construction and Miss Harker has
been touring hospitals in the United States
and Canada to get "a fresh and broad out-
look on nursing administration and a gen-
eral opinion of nursing in North America."
In March, 1967, she started in New York
and visited hospitals in Baltimore, Wash-
ington, Detroit, Rochester, and St. Paul.
In May she was off to Banff (and the
snow) for a rest. During her Canadian
tour, she visited hospitals in Winnipeg,
Hamilton, and Toronto. She found that the
Scarborough Centenary Hospital, now under
construction, is experiencing many of the
same problems that she is facing at home.
While visiting CNA House, May 30th,
she explained that in Britain a reorgani-
zation of senior nursing staff structure is
being planned and will be along the lines
that are now followed here in Canada. "It
is interesting to see some of our plans
already put into practice," said Miss Harker.
"I thought it would be Utopia when edu-
cation and service were divorced. Now I see
problems and difficulties I hadn't seen
before." She specified "communications."
Miss Harker has been especially impres-
sed by the orientation and inservice edu-
cation given by many Canadian hospitals.
However, she said that hospitals are almost
forced to provide such programs since the
nurse has so little practice when she comes
to hospital for the first time. "We use
our nurses more during their training but
are working toward a system similar to
yours," she said.
Miss Harker is doing her study through
a Commonwealth Scholarship and will pre-
sent any findings to the General Nursing
Council in England before any of her ideas
can be implemented. "Most people in Eng-
land agree that changes in the education
system are necessary, but of course there
are financial implications."
THE CANADIAN NURSE 25
new products
{
Descriptions are based on information
supplied by the manufacturer and are
provided only aø a service to readers.
Anprolene Sterilizer
(BARD)
Description - This new sterilizer em-
ploys an exclusive method of sterilizing that
works without heat, moisture, vacuum, pres-
sure, or cold solutions. It eliminates the
problems associated with conventional ster-
ilizing techniques such as product degrada-
tion, destruction, or alteration. It is a fully
tested and approved system. The systems
utilize the highly effective Anprolene gas.
The Bard Anprolene Sterilizer is com-
pletely portable, requires no power source
or gas tanks, and can be easily moved from
room to room. (Patent Pending U.S.A. and
Foreign Countries). For further informa-
tion, write Dept. 41, C. R. Bard, Inc.,
Murray Hill, N.J.
\
\..
Prevam
(ARLINGTON-FUNK LABORATORIES)
Description - A bioflavonoid-vitamin-
mineral supplement for prenatal use. Each
prevam formula tablet provides: vitamins
in abundant amounts to meet the increased
needs of pregnancy and lactation; minerals,
including a superior form of iron, phosphor-
us-free calcium, and trace minerals so im-
portant in vital processes; and bioflavonoids
to help to prevent or reduce bleeding ten-
dency due to increased capillary permeabil-
ity and fragility.
Dosage - One tablet a day as prenatal
supplement.
Vi-Syneral
(ARLINGTON.FUNK LABORATORIES)
Description - Vi-Syneral Chewable Vit-
amin Tablets are fruit-flavored, multi-vit-
amin tablets for pediatric and general use.
They are easily chewed or dissolved in the
mouth, do not disturb appetite, and cause
no harmful effects on teeth.
Dosage - One chewable tablet daily
between meals or as directed by a physician.
Each tablet contains vitamin A, vitamin D,
ascorbic acid (C), thiamine mononitrate
26 THE CANADIAN NURSE
(Bl), riboflavin (B2), pyridoxine HCI (B6),
vitamin B12, niacinamide, calcium d-panto-
thenate.
For information on either of these pro-
ducts write to Arlington-Funk Laboratories,
P.O. Box 2220, St. Laurent, Montreal 9,
P.Q.
"
.
r.
f'
.
San-Splint
(SMITH AND NEPHEW)
Description - A non-shrinking, thermo-
plastic splinting material based on a ver-
satile synthetic rubber compound. It pro-
duces relatively thin, yet rigid, splints or
casts following immersion in hot water or
by exposure to hot air or dry heat.
Indications - Ideal for orthopedic, or-
thotic, and prosthetic use. San-Splint is
translucent to x-rays.
Method of Application - Either hot
water or hot air oven at temperatures in
excess of I50'F. will soften San-Splint for
application. In both cases, the higher the
temperature the quicker the material will
soften and the more malleable it will be-
come. After the softening process, the ma-
terial may be too hot for immediate ap-
plication to the skin and must be allowed
to cool. After cooling, it is ready for direct
forming onto the patient, who needs no
protective covering. After trimming with
scissors, the splint or cast should be held
in position until the material has set.
Average hardening time for San-Splint at
room temperature is about 10 minutes.
For complete information or description
(with pictures), uses, and method of ap-
plication write to: The Medical Division,
Smith and Nephew Ltd., 2100-52nd Ave.,
Lachine, P.Q.
Palm-N-Turn
(REFLEX)
Description - A container for medicine
that can easily be opened by an adult, but
seldom by a child five years or under -
the ages most frequently victims of ac-
cidental poisoning. The new "patm-n-turn"
prescription vial is available in various
sizes. To open: Press cap into palm to
compress spring and turn vial counter-
clockwise to a full stop. The cap is now
released and can be picked off. To close:
Replace cap and rotate until it is locked
into position on the vial. The cap must
snap or click into locked position to be
effective.
Through extensive testing with pre-school
children the palm-n-turn cap has proved to
be a successful deterrent. This is because
few children of this age can perform the
two motions, palming and turning, necessary
to open the new safety closure. It has the
seal of approval of the Ontario Association
for the Control of Accidental Poisoning.
All-Fabric Heel Protector
(POSEY)
Description - A new type heel protector
for hospital patients, especially styled for
the short-term patient where all-fabric
instead of slick plastic construction is con-
sidered adequate. Like all other Posey Heel
Protectors, this new item is constructed to
protect the heel of the foot during short or
long-term care. Designed for comfort, it
prevents irritation caused by rubbing, yet
does not restrict patient movement in bed.
It is easily laundered and autoclaved.
Inquiries or orders regarding this item
should be directed to your local equipment
dealer, or the J. T. Posey Company, 64
Gerrard St. E., Toronto 2, Ont.
Literature Available
Canadian Tampax Corporation has pre-
pared a new 28-page informational booklet
on menstrual hygiene that would be most
useful for nurses. The booklet, From Fic-
tion to Fact, was prepared especially to
help teachers in response to their requests
for a workable teaching guide.
A comprehensive review of anatomy is
presented in a manner that would be useful
for presentation to groups of adolescents,
and an excellent, clear and simple overview
of the physiology of the menstrual cycle is
provided, as well as answers to many of
the questions girls 2.sk about menstrual
health.
The booklet is included in a kit of educa-
tional material on menstruation, which
would be a valuable aid for nursing in-
structors, or may be ordered on its own.
Write to Canadian Tampax Corporation
Ltd., P.O. Box 627, Barrie, Ont.
JULY 1967
some nurses call it the P APER TAPE
physicians call it the NON-IRRITATING TAPE
patients call it the COMFORTABLE TAPE
\
MICROPORE Surgical Tape
The only microporous tape.
Nurses find it ideal for routine dressing and bandaging. Its
unique microporous construction permits unequalled evap-
oration of perspiration. Maceration is prevented and dress-
ings do not sweat off. MICROPORE Tape is so thin, airy,
lightweight it looks and feels paper thin. It unwinds freely,
doesn't tangle, tears off easily. And with MICROPORE
Tape, valuable time is not lost from daily rounds because
of messy adhesive residue to clean up after removal, or tape
burn to be treated.
Physicians appreciate the notable freedom from skin sensi-
tization and irritation even in tape-sensitive patients. Total
microporosity permits underlying skin to function in a nor-
mal manner. Unlike other adhesive tapes, MICROPORE
Surgical Tape is X-ray clear.
..
"
"
---
Your patients ar
more comfortable with lighter, cooler,
less bulky dressings. Their convalescence is not complicated
by distressing skin reactions. And there is no apprehension
at the prospect of "inching off" or sudden "shock removal."
MICROPORE Tape peels off painlessly without pulling
hairs.
No other tape has been reported in the literature so exten-
sively or so favorably. (1) Depaulis, J.: La Presse M
dicale 72:841,
1964. (2) Golden, T.: Am. J. Surl!. 100:789, 1960. (3) Hu, F., et a\.: J.
Invest. Dermat. 37:409, 1961. (4) Weisman, P. A.: Brit. J. Plastic Surl!.
16:379, 1963. (5) Valentin.: Gazette M
d. de France 71:1430, 1964. (6)
Murray, P. J. B.: Brit. Med. J. 2:1030, Oct. 26, 1963.
3M Medical Products, P.O. Box 2757, London, Canada.
or leading Surgical Suppliers in your area.
medical Products 3m
P.O. 2757 LONDON. CANADA
JULY 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 27
FOR PATIENT
PROTECTION
-!
'"
&
\
-......
0(
l
POSEY TIDY GOWN
A long-sleeved gown made of heavy canton
flannel. Loops at ends of sleeves permit at-
tachment to side rail of bed spring. Prevents
patient from scratching, or removing diaper,
catheter J etc., vet allows comfort and free.
dom or movement. During eating, sleeves
may be rolled up to allow for use of hands.
A sl ing anached fa front section of garment
may be used to support patient's arms when
fhey are folded across fhe front, with straps
anached fa loops in each sleeve to prevent
use of arrns. Short-length, waist design for
ule on incontinent patients. Available in
closed or open-back models. Small. medium.
large or extra-large lizel.
NO. P.7S5, $19.50.
"
...
..
POSEY WHEELCHAIR
VEST RESTRAINT
A simple and comfortable device to hold
patient in a wheelchair. Friction type buckle
at rear of chair is out of patient'. reach.
Small, medium and large sizes.
WHEELCHAIR VEST RESTRAINT,
CANTON flANNel,
NO. WV-1I1F, $7.20
WHEelCHAIR VEST RESTRAINT,
ATTRACTIVE PASTel NYLON,
NO. WV-1I1N, $7.50
Send Your Order Today
Write for free Posey Catalog
POSEY PRODUCTS
Stocked in Canada
B. C. HOLLINGSHEAD LIMITED
64 Gerrard Street E,
Toronto 2, Canada
28 THE CANADIAN NURSE
dates
August 14-18, 1967
The American Dietetic Association's
Fiftieth Anniversary Meeting,
Conrad Hilton Hotel, Chicago.
August 20 - September 14, 1967
17th International Course in
Criminology. Sponsored by
International Society of Criminology,
Montreal. Information: Prof. Denis
Szabo, Director, Dept. of Criminology,
Univ. of Mont., P.O. Box 6128,
Montreal
August 18-20, 1967
Reunion of graduate nurses of
St. Vincent de Paul Hospital,
Brockville Ontario. Contact: Mrs.
Mary O'Neil Shields, 14 Hollywood
Place, Brockville, or Mrs. Kay leFave,
54 Wright Cres., Brockville.
August 20-25, 1967
The 7th Ontario Conference on
Inter-group Relations, to be held at
the U.A.W. Education Centre, Port
Elgin, Ontario. For registration forms,
programs, information, write: Mrs.
Jadwiga Bennich, Ontario Welfare
Council, 22 Davisville Ave., Toronto 7.
August 20-22, 1967
American College of Hospital
Administrators, annual meeting,
Conrad Hilton Hotel, Chicago.
August 21-24, 1967
American Hospital Association, 69th
annual meeting, Chicago's
International Amphitheatre, Chicago.
August 24-29, 1967
International Hospital Conference,
Palmer House, Chicago.
August 25-31, 1967
Fifth International Congress of
Physical Medicine. To be held at the
Queen Elizabeth Hotel, Montreal.
August 27 - September 2, 1967
First North American Conference on
the Family to be held at laval
University, Quebec City. For
information, registration forms, write:
Mr. Pierre Brien, P.O. Box 717,
Quebec 4, P.Q.
September, 1967
Registered Nurses' Association of
Prince Edward Island, Annual
Meeting.
September 4-6, 1967
Canadian Association of Medical
Record Librarians, 25th Annual
Meeting, Holiday Inn, Montreal.
September 7-8, 1967
New Brunswick Hospital Association,
annual meeting, Algonquin Hotel,
St. Andrew's, N.B.
September 11-12, 1967
Catholic Hospital Conference of
Alberta, Annual Convention,
Edmonton.
September 15-17, 1967
70th Anniversary, Aberdeen Hospital
School of Nursing, New Glasgow,
Nova Scotia. Write: Mrs. Allison Mac-
Culloch, R.R. #2, New Glasgow,
Pictou Co., Nova Scotia.
Late September, 1967
The Saskatoon City Hospital
graduates in Eastern Ontario are
planning a reunion in St. Catharines,
Ontario. Would graduates of the
school in Eastern Canada please send
names, year of graduation, and
addresses to: Miss Ruth Schinbein,
West Lincoln Memorial Hospital,
Grimsby, Ontario.
October 8-11, 1967
Community Planning Association of
Canada, Centennial Year National
Planning Conference, Ottawa.
October 19-21, 1967
First reunion of graduates of the
McGill School for Graduate Nurses,
Montreal. For further information
write Moyra Allen, Acting President
of the Alumnae Association, School
for Graduate Nurses, 3618 University
Street, Montreal 2, P.Q.
November 16-17, 1967
ANPQ Annual Meeting, Chateau
Frontenac, Quebec City.
May, 1968
Ontario Hospital Kingston Nurses
Alumnae 1968 Reunion. All interested
graduates please contact Miss Marie
Peters, Ontario Hospital, Kingston.
July, 1968
Canadian Nurses' Association General
Meeting, to be held in Saskatoon,
Saskatchewan.
JULY 1967
in a capsule
What about the men?
Estrogen replacement therapy has com-
pletely changed the old concept of the
menopausal woman. But a nagging and
rather pertinent question crops up at the
mere thought of all these sexually attractive,
physically active, and emotionally satisfied
elderly women: "What about the men?"
Can these revitalized women possibly be
content with their spiritless, worn-out, im-
potent, and depressed counterparts?
Testosterone may change all this. A report
in the Globe and Mail says that a British
doctor has developed a method of male
hormone replacement, for elderly men. A
200-day supply in 20 tiny cystalline cylin-
ders is embedded deep in one buttock. The
aging man's body, says a report in Medical
World News, draws on the 4,OOO-milligram
reservoir at the rate of 20 milligrams a day,
maintaining the level needed for potency,
vigor, good spirits, and proper genitourinary
function.
London geriatrician Dr. Tiberius Reiter
developed the implant procedure and used
it on more than 600 men. Ninety-nine per-
cent of them have been helped enormously,
according to Dr. Reiter. Some patients are
in their forties, most are over 55 and the
oldest, who is 80, has had 38 implants and
is "fit as a fiddle."
Dr. Reiter began implanting the hor-
mones 20 years ago but early implants were
unsuccessful because he used too small a
dose - 400 to 600 milligrams every six
to eight months. He said he believes the
medical profession is shying away from the
technique because some doctors have used
insufficient dosages and achieved poor re-
sults in the past or because the type of
fused implants he uses are not readily ob-
tainable in the United States.
Smoking dogs get cancer
Ten cigaret-smoking beagles are "path-
ological evidence" that cigaret smoking
causes cancer, according to Dr. Oscar Auer-
bach, senior medical investigator at the
Veterans' Administration hospital in East
Orange, New Jersey. This report was an-
nounced in The Montreal Gazette.
Dr. Auerbach recently completed a 14-
month study in which he used 10 beagles
as a control group for a second group of
10 beagles which he taught to smoke up to
12 cigarets a day. He performed a tracheo-
tomy and attached to each dog's trachea a
tube connected to a smoking machine out-
side its pen. After the first day, the dogs
smoked on their own, Dr. Auerbach said.
Autopsies showed the non-smokers had
no physical disabilities. The smoking dogs
JULY 1967
began to die of various ailments after the
first two weeks until five of the 10 smokers
had died after 412 days, he reported. Au-
topsies also showed the dogs who died
first had slight changes in the tissue around
the lungs and those who died or were killed
during the last days of the research had
advanced cancer cell lining the entire tract,
he said.
Dr. Auerbach compared the stages of
advancing cancer with tissue taken from
humans who had been light, moderate or
heavy smokers and found that the profiles
were parallel.
Lettuce have a smoke
For those who believe all those statistics
but just can't stop smoking, the new lettuce
leaf cigarets, recently made available in On-
tario by a Toronto-based wholesale firm.
might be just the thing.
The 100 percent nicotine-free cigarets
are made in Texas from a variety of com-
mon lettuce plant, called lactuca sativa.
They cost 49 cents for a 20-cigaret pack.
If they taste as bad as they sound, they
might be just the thing for kicking the
habit.
The angry sex
A flat tire, a missed train, or a dull
razor are enough to bring a man's temper
to boiling point, and on an average of six
times a week at that. The average womàn,
on the other hand, is not easily excited by
inanimate objects but can be expected to
blow her top at least three times a week
Over such things as real or fancied slights,
and assorted personal grievances.
These statistics recently released in a news
item issued by the American Nurses' As-
sociation's Communications Division were
based on anger studies conducted at Colum-
bia University and Oregon State College.
The Journal of the American Medical
Association was quick to notice however,
that "although it may be concluded from
the study that women get angry only half
as often as men, it is not known whether
they get twice as angry when they do."
)
CW
l\
"Must you read at the table?"
THE CANADIAN NURSE 29
..
your
Own
llands:
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soft testimony to your patients' comfort
Your own hands are testimony to Dermassage's effectiveness. Applied by your
soft, practiced hands, Dermassage alleviates your patient's minor skin irritations
and discomfort. It adds a welcome, soothing touch to tender, sheet-burned
skin; relieves dryness, itching and cracking. . . aids in preventing decubitus
ulcers, In short, Dermassage is "the topical tranquilizer". . , it relaxes the patient
, . . helps make his hospital stay more pleasant.
You will like Dermassage for other reasons, too. A body rub with it saves your time
and energy. Massage is gentle, smooth and fast. You needn't follow-up with
talcum and there is no greasiness to clean away. It won't stain or soil linens or
bed-clothes, You can easily make friends with Dermassage-send for a samplel
Now available in new, 16 ounce plastic container with convenient flip-top closure.
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LAKESIDE LABORATORIES (CANADA) LTD.
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30 THE CANADIAN NURSE
JULY 1967
"Who is more aware of what needs
revision in the diploma schools than
the students enrolled in them?" asks
this student at the Hm.pital for Sick
Children in Toronto, who gives a stud-
ent's-eye-view of the situation.
Statistics show that in 1944, 25 per-
cent, and in 1951, 20 p
Tccnt of all
grade 12 graduates entered schools of
nursing, whereas it is estimated that
only 10 percent do now. A step in-
side any student nurses' residence
should convince anyone that changes
in the present diploma school pro-
grams are essential.
"I'm so bored, I'm going right out
of my mind," seems to be the theme
song of the student nurse. There are
many other versions of this same
comment but in essence the problem
seems to be one of boredom. Since
entrance requirements of many hospi-
tal schools of nursing are equivalent
to those of universities, nursing stud-
ents would seem to have basically the
same intellectual potential as univer-
sity students. It follows that a certain
degree of mental stimulation is re-
quired to satisfy the student nurse. Do
schools of nursing provide this? The
answer, to a great extent, is no. Over-
simplified courses in sociology and
psychology, often taught by unqualified
personnel, are proof.
Lack of depth in the program oc-
curs as a result of an insufficient num-
ber of in-depth student assignments.
Several students will undoubtedly as-
sert that enough assignments are re-
quired of them already. This is true in
the present set-up of the diploma pro-
gram where a student nurse works an
eight or eight and one half-hour day.
She has no afternoons off duty and no
"sleep-in" mornings (unless she is
working shift). Thus, how many as-
signments can a school give the stud-
ent and still allow her some unstruc-
tured time?
One solution is to cut down on the
often repetitious ward word, a change
that could be made without affecting
the ability of the graduate. The new
35-hour week adopted by several
schools of nursing in Toronto and the
more compact two-year programs of
the future will likely eradicate much
of the boredom caused by repetition,
and prçvide the time for more in-
depth assignments. However, until
JULY 1967
such programs come into operation
what can be done? Schools could be
more receptive to complaints and
make constructive attempts for reform.
Who can suggest more about what
needs revision in the diploma schools
than the students themselves - the
active participants in the programs?
Freedom of expression
Another area of considerable con-
cern for students lies in the realm of
freedom of expression. The student is
responsible to graduates, instructors,
assistant head nurses, head nurses and
doctors. However, regardless of her
small role in the medical world, she
may have some very worthwhile con-
tributions to make. An opportunity to
express these opinions and to have
them objectively interpreted is neces-
sary for every student. If staff put this
into practice, the residences would not
be the ghettos of frustration that they
now are. All too often a student is
heard complaining emotionally to her
peers about things that should have
been relayed to someone else in the
hospital environment. During the psy-
chiatric affiliation, many individuals
learn to recognize and express their
feelings; in this setting they generally
enjoy freedom of expression. Why
teach people and then expect them to
forget at the end of this affiliation?
Instructor or inspector?
The key to a good student-instruc-
tor relationship lies in the word empa-
thy. If the instructor is to fulfill a
vital role for student nurses, she must
do more than present material, she
must help her students to implement
it. To do this she must know and
understand each student as a person.
All too often, the student views the
instructor as an inspector. The impli-
cations are obvious. First, the student
often feels under pressure - pressure
to show her instructor that she consis-
tently has done everything in exactly
the manner she was taught. When
quizzed, she feels that she must know
all of the answers. Students suppress
their" questions through fear that they
might indicate lack of knowledge or
because these questions are occasion-
ally answered with terse replies such
as, "Look it up - you'll remember it
better that way." If such an atmos-
phere prevails, the desire to learn w
ll
OPINION I
be easily stifled. With a good basic
understanding, both student and in-
structor can move ahead in an un-
clouded, permissive, learning environ-
ment. Once this atmosphere has been
created, the instructor will become
sensitive to the needs of the student
(as well as to those of the student's
patients).
In this way many of the problems
that occur might be solved as they
arise, rather than be battered about in
the embroiled atmosphere of residence
complaint sessions. Moreover, better
solutions might result.
Hopefully, all students receive mid-
term evaluations during each ward
experience; it is the responsibility of
both instructor and student to see that
a sincere effort is made to effect ne-
cessary improvements. At the conclu-
sion of a ward experience, the student
will be able to evaluate her perform-
ance in terms of improvement rather
than in terms of success or failure.
Foresight needed
Most students enter nursing to be-
come graduate nurses. However, they
soon realize that there are many types
of nurses. It is of great importance to
give consideration to the area of the
profession for which the individual
would be best suited. Career guidance
and counseling should direct the stud-
ent to the course most suitable for
her. For example, one who has al-
ways been interested in teaching, yet
who has decided to become a nurse,
would be best advised to attend a uni-
versity course, provided she has suffi-
cient money. In this way, she will at-
tain the necessary qualifications in the
shortest period of time rather than at-
tend a diploma school and then be
forced to take two or three additional
years at university to become a nurs-
ing instructor. At present many girls
find at the conclusion of the diploma
course that they "have had enough,"
and the result is wasted potential.
Sound guidance by well-qualified
counselors would be most beneficial
for the future welfare and happiness
of the student.
Regardless of improvements made
in programs to date, still further
changes are essential if nursing is to
compete both numerically and intellec-
tuaUy with other professions. -
WENDY MARGESSON, STUDENT NURSE.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 31
Remotivation to motivation
Patients at The Children's Psychiat-
ric Research Institute in London,
Ontario are a diversified group: teen.
age boys and girls, younger children
of all ages, children with behavior
problems, psychotics, juvenile delin-
quents and mentally retarded children
in varying age groups and in all de-
grees of retardation. Many of the
severely and profoundly retarded chil-
dren remain on the ward and receive
most of their care from the aide and
attendant staff. While remotivation has
worked with other groups of retarded
children, it was felt there was insuffi-
cient evidence to prove its usefulness
for the most severe cases. A search
was also being made for a group
technique that could be used with all
the patients.
It was decided to undertake a study
with the objective of developing a
group therapy that could be applied,
by aides and attendant staff, to sev-
erely and profoundly retarded children.
The five patients used in the study
were drawn from this group.
A more immediate objective was to
develop social skills and environmen-
tal awareness through sensory stimu-
lation in order to help prepare the
child for future self-care training and
education. The children were encourag-
ed to use their ability, regardless of
how feeble the effort. They were also
encouraged to develop new skills and
thus build their egos and self-respect.
It was hoped that the child's emotion-
al and social environment could be
32 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Remotivation is a group therapy commonly employed with the adult psychiatric
patient to stimulate interest and group interaction. At The Children's Psychiatric
Research Institute in London, Ontario, an experiment was made to apply a
modified form of this therapy to a group of severely and profoundly retarded
children. The resultsl Encouraging.
Doris S. Thompson, R.N.
enriched by modifying that part of
his behavior which repelled, and en-
couraging that which attracted. Each
time the child withdrew from the
group and began head-banging, finger-
sucking or any other form of seIf-
stimulation, the act was interrupted
and superseded by a socially accept-
able form of stimulation.
Criteria for selection
To select patients for inclusion in
the study group, basic criteria were
established. The children selected
were:
I . profoundly or sevt:rely retarded
and not attending school;
2. showing no visual signs of pro-
gress;
3. hypoactive, disinterested in their
environment and tending to re-
gress without stimulation.
The group was to be heterogeneous
rather than homogeneous. Five chil-
dren were selected to reflect the Ins-
titute's staff-to-patient ratio of 1 to 5,
as applied on the wards. Four of the
children were to be hypoactive and
limited in their ability to communi-
cate. The fifth child was to be hypo-
Mrs. Thompson is Nursing Instructor at
The Children's Psychiatric Research Insti-
tute, London, Ontario. The article is adapt-
ed from a paper presented to the Ameri-
can Assocation of Mental Deficiency, Re-
gional Meeting, London, Ontario, in Oc-
tober, 1966.
active, but with good social and verbal
abilities. This child was introduced
to stimulate the others into respond-
ing. Sandra was the patient selected
for this role - a hypoctive child as a
result of her physical handicap.
Atmosphere
The ward environment was to re-
main as constant as possible. The chil-
dren were to continue with all current
activities and no new activities or
programs were to be introduced. Sixty
(60) one-hour sessions were to be
held three times a week. The atmos-
phere during the sessions was warm,
friendly and receptive.
Each child was treated as if he
would respond. The same routine was
followed in every session. Each simple
task was repeated in the same manner
and verbal instructions were simple,
taking the form of short sentences or
single words. The same sentences and
words were used repeatedly. Few re-
strictions or linùtations were put on the
group but the children were required
to remain together as a group in order
to encourage them to interact. All
other forms of behavior were accept-
able and to encourage interaction
and problem-solving, the children were
allowed to push, argue and fight over
toys.
The sessions were designed to draw
the child out and to help him devel-
op socially. Teaching was secondary.
Because of the short attention span
of severely retarded children, the ses-
JULY 1967
\
....
,
. \\
,
," .
sions consisted of both active and pas-
sive activities. The children were en-
couraged to develop by progressive
steps, ranging from no response to
active participation. The following
steps were recognized:
1. cooperates when assisted;
2. follows demonstrations;
3. follows verbal instructions;
4. initiates own activity and assists
other children in the activity.
Technique employed
A five-phase technique was employ-
ed throughout the study as follows.
The climate of acceptance phase
This phase took place on the ward
where the remotivator met the chil-
dren. Each child was called by name
and a rope was held out to the child.
The rope was used to encourage the
group to stay together. If there was
no response from the child the third
time he was called, he was then touch-
ed gently on the shoulder and his
name was spoken simultaneously. If
there was still no response, the child
was taken by the hand and physically
assisted to join the group.
A bridge to reality phase
The children left the ward in a
group since they were to learn to
function and interact as a group. To
get from the ward to the play area, it
was necessary to travel on two eleva-
tors and through a long underground
tunnel. The remotivator decided to
JULY 1967
make this journey beneficial to the
children. Objects and people in their
environment were drawn to their at-
tention. They pushed the elevator but-
ton, made sounds like the elevator;
rattled the door handles; and splashed
in the water that ran into the tunnel
on rainy days. They repeated nursery
rhymes, sang very simple songs and
listened to the clear, resounding echo.
The songs frequently used the names
of the children and situations that
were familiar to them. "This is the
way we ride our bikes" became "This
is the way David rides his bike." The
children were encouraged to sing,
hum, or make sounds according to
their ability.
Sharing the world we live in phase
The children were to sit on chairs
placed in a semicircle. Social inter-
action and awareness of the environ-
ment was encouraged. Each sense was
to be stimulated during each session
in the following manner:
Sense of hearing was stimulated
with stories, songs and questions.
The children were encouraged to
make sounds and to listen to each
other's voices. Party noisemakers,
drums and a ticking, buzzing alarm
clock were also used.
Sense of sight was stimulated by
using concrete objects. Semi-con-
crete objects, such as pictures,
brought little response, but large.
brightly-colored toys, such as a big
striped ball, a three-foot curly-haired
As the children progre!.sed they were
encouraged to assist one another
Mark is seen tying Gregory's apron
as they prepare for waterplay.
doll. a mirror. and a pinwheel that
turned with the aid of a fan, all
elicited good response.
Touch stimulation was promoted
by the use of soft cuddly toys,
sand, water, bubbles that broke,
and finger paints.
Sense of smell was stimulated by
food, flowers and perfume.
Taste sensation was stimulated by
using a variety of sweet, sour and
bitter foods.
The children were encouraged to
respond to the different stimuli. No
matter how feeble the response, the re-
motivator rewarded the child with a
smile, a cuddle, and verbal encourage-
ment.
An appreciation of the work of the
world phase
Because children play and adults
work, this step became a play and
self-help training period. As water
is an excellent stimulant and children
respond to water at an early age,
water play was used. The children
were to prepare themselves for water
play, which consisted of picking up
and putting on plastic aprons, tying
the strings or asking for assistance
with the actual tying, getting off the
chair and walking into the tub room.
The more advanced children were en-
couraged to assist the others. The re-
motivator assisted when necessary and
then she started the child in an activ-
ity and encouraged him to proceed
on his own. If a child made no at-
THE CANADIAN NURSE 33
tempt to get down from his chair, he
was assisted to the front of the chair
and then encouraged to stand using
his own initiative. The toys in the tub
were chosen to allow the child to de-
velop from unorganized activity up the
steps in play to organized imaginative
group play. Balloons, balls, plastic
bottles, pails, funnels, plastic dishes,
rubber dolls, face cloths and towels
were used.
At the end of water play, the chil-
dren cleaned up. They removed their
aprons, dried their hands, replaced
the toys in the tub and wiped up
the water they had splashed on the
floor.
The climate of appreciation phase
The rope was given to each child
and they were expected to hold on to
it until they returned to the ward.
The activities on the way back to the
ward were the same as those described
in phase two. When the remotivator
left the children on the ward, she said
goodbye to each one, calling each
by name. They were encouraged to
respond with a vocal or physical res-
ponse. The rope was used for each
child only until he learned to stay
with the group. Then he was no longer
required to hold it.
Case histories
The progress of each child was
followed in four stages:
1. Behavior on the ward prior to
therapy - March 1966.
2. Behavior during the first three re-
motivation sessions.
3. Behavior on the ward following
20 weeks of therapy - September
1966.
4. Behavior during the last three re-
motivation sessions.
While the response of each of the
five children varied to some degree the
outline of the progress of the' two
children listed here is reasonably rep-
resentative of the observations.
Gregory
Gregory is a 13-year-old mongo-
loid child whose bone maturation has
been delayed by six years. He is 39
inches tall. He has been hospitalized
for two years.
On admission, he was ten years, sev-
en months old. According to the hos-
pital psychologist, his mental age was
15 months and his LQ. was estimated
at below 20, placing him in the pro-
found range of retardation.
Behavior on the ward - March 1966
On the ward, Gregory was non-res-
ponsive and almost completely un-
aware of his environment. He assisted
with his feeding, but sat most of the
34 THE CANADIAN NURSE
I
time with spoon in hand and made no
effort to move. The nurse prodded
him continually to make him eat. Gre-
gory spent most of his time looking
blankly into space or at the floor. He
sat tailor-fashion on the floor, twirling
a string, shoelace or strap, and moved
only when physically assisted. His
gross motor coordination was poor,
causing him to walk unsteadily. When
the nurse held his hand, he walked
willingly, but when she released him
he immediately sat. He ignored the
other children and would not come
when called. Gregory never cried and
showed no other emotional response
except to smile. when tickled. When
tested at 13 years of age, the psycho-
logist estimated his mental age at 13
months; his LQ. less than 20.
Summary of the first three sessions
Gregory made no response when he
was called by name. He looked up
when the instructor touched him on
the shoulder, but it was necessary to
pull him to his feet. He did not grasp
the rope. He dropped the rope fre-
quently and sat motionless, showing
no concern when left behind. Gregory
continually hesitated when entering
and leaving the elevators. When the
group reached the classroom, Gregory
would stand in front of a chair, arms
outstretched, waiting to be lifted.
When lifted on to the chair, Gregory
would sit in tailor-fashion. He showed
no response to sensory stimuli nor
would he reach for or grasp toys. He
sat staring into space or at the floor.
Occasionally he watched the move-
þ
...
,
.....
'. '
ments of action songs. He would not
move from his chair without assis-
tance. When he was assisted off the
chair he would sit on the floor and
twirl a shoe-lace or strap. He made no
effort to get ready for water play. Dur-
ing water play he sat on the floor,
'twirling.' When assisted in play he
watched but made no effort to partici-
pate. He made no sounds, and did not
attempt to communicate.
Behavior on the ward - September
1966
Gregory came immediately when cal-
led. He made sounds to communi-
cate and indicated when he wanted
to drink. He was more aggressive and
showed increased initiative. He snatch-
ed toys from other children and tried
to push them off the tricycle, which he
now could ride and steer. He asserted
himself by being stubborn, refusing to
relinquish his tricycle. He was more
emotional, laughing spontaneously
during play and crying when he feU,
was corrected or deprived of a posses-
sion. He pounded a drum with enthu-
siasm. He fed himself in an awkward
manner. Some progress was made in
toilet training.
Behavior in the last three remotivation
sessions
Gregory ran to the remotivator upon
her arrival on the ward. He smiled,
mounted his tricycle and proceeded
to the elevator. He usually stayed
with the group and occasionaUy
fought to be leader. He attempted to
push the other children out of the
JULY 1967
Iþ
.
'\
,
.
...
ï
...
.frl
way and squealed if they would not
move. He listened to simple stories
and responded with physical actions,
smiles and waving of hands. He res-
ponded to sensory stimuli, especially
soft cuddly toys. He held the big doll,
moved her arms and legs, hugged and
kissed her. He would now follow sim-
ple verbal commands regarding prep-
aration for water play. He was often
the first one into the tub room. He
commenced play immediately and
played continuously, sometimes alone,
occasionally with other children. His
play was progressively more construc-
tive and showed some imagination.
He bathed the doll. He squirted water
at the other children and squealed in
a delighted manner. After water play,
he removed his apron and dried his
hands. He occasionally made clumsy
attempts to assist the other children
to remove their aprons. Gregory res-
ponded when Martha called him. He
would let her place her hands on his
shoulders and let her walk with his
assistance.
Martha
Martha was a nine-year-old child
diagnosed as cerebral defect associat-
ed with primary cranial hydrocepha-
lus, congenital and arrested. She had
been in the institution for four years.
On admission at the age of four years,
her mental age was two years, three
months and her I.Q. was 60.
Behavior on the ward - March 1966
Martha was disobedient and often
rude to the staff. She was demanding
JULY 1967
The children jhowed improvement in
their motor skills. Martha, (left) is
mounting her tricycle without
assistance. Gregory has mounted his
rricycle without assistance and is
anxious to be on his way.
Gregory, who was passive, apathetic
and showed no response to toys before
the therapy, now plays actively in the
water. Note the facial expression Mark
watches.
of other children and of staff. She had
a good memory for songs and rhymes
but her comprehension of the material
was poor. Both her fine and gross
motor coordination were poor. Martha
was unable to walk without assistance.
She was able to get around in her
walker by supporting herself on the
seat and sliding along. She put no
weight on her legs. She was toilet
trained and able to feed herself. The
hospital psychologist estimated her
mental age at three years, one month
and her I.Q. at 34.
Behavior in the first three remotiva-
tion sessions
Martha came the first time she was
called. She frequently wandered ahead
of or loitered behind the group. She
showed little interest in other children
except to shout at and slap them when
they got in her way. She was
argumentative and stubborn and she
refused to stay within the limitations
set for her. Upon arriving at the play-
room, she sat when asked. She res-
ponded with meaningful, although
sometimes inappropriate, speech. Mar-
tha sang with enthusiasm but insisted
on songs of her choice. She played
alone, ignoring the other children. Her
play was non-constructive and un-
imaginative.
Present behavior on ward
Martha's conversation was more
appropriate. She shared her toys and
candies with the other children. She
chose her own toys and sent the other
children to bring them to her. If they
brought the wrong toys she sent them
back for the right ones. Martha played
constructively with dolls, dressing and
undressing them. She walked in her
walker, supporting her weight on het
legs. She was able to get in and out of
the walker without assistance.
Behavior in the last three remotivation
sessions
Martha came to the door when she
saw the remotivator. She brought the
other children with her. She spoke in
a meaningful, excited manner. She
hitched along the floor to her tricycle,
mounted it without assistance, and
rode it without difficulty. She remain-
ed with the group. She called the other
children if they wandered ahead or
loitered behind. Martha responded
well to verbal instructions, although
occasionally she was stubborn. {This
was easily handled.} She cooperated
the second time the request was made.
She was usually polite to adults and
said good morning to people she met
in the hall. She did not have a temper
tantrum or burst into tears when she
could not have her own way. She was
interested in the other children, re-
vealed by questions such as: "Is Pa-
trick going swimming?" "Why doesn't
David talk?" Martha's play was con-
structive and more imaginative. She
bathed and dressed the doll, washed
the dishes and tried to get the other
children to held her. Once she decided
to bath Gregory and attempted to wash
his face and hands. He laughed with
glee. She assisted the other children
in preparation for play and in clean-
ing up after play.
Conclusion
The ward staff reported an increase
in both social and emotional responses
in all five children. There was also an
increase in the awareness to their en-
vironment. Learning took place in the
remotivation sessions, but there was no
observable transfer of learning. Three
of the five children showed marked
improvement in their motor skills.
The influence of Martha, the more
socially adept, verbal child, could not
be measured. We believe that it may
have been considerable.
The Rosenzweig Behavior Profile
was adapted to measure behavior
changes. The children were rated be-
fore and after they were involved in
the study. The measuring instrument
was found to be inadequate in its
revised state. While this study was not
scientific, we feel that there was suf-
ficient evidence of improvement in
isolated areas to warrant further inves-
tigation. 0
THE CANADIAN NURSE 35
The word "hemophilia" has become
part of our everyday vocabulary, main-
ly because it is used, improperly, to
refer to any bleeding abnormality in
children. Members of certain royal
families were afflicted by this condi-
tion and, until about the nineteenth
century, other abnormalities in blood
clotting went unrecognized. Approx-
imately 150 years ago, hemophilia
came to indicate difficulties of a more
restricted nature. In this article the
current meaning of the term is defined
and the therapeutic measures presently
available are reviewed.
Hemostasis
The mechanism of normal hemos-
tasis must be understood before exam-
ining the significance of hemophilia.
For practical purposes, this mechanism
may be broken down into three phases:
vascular tissue reaction; platelet reac-
tion; and blood coagulation.
Vascular Tissue Reaction
Reflex vasoconstriction, induced by
an active principle released by the
platelets, occurs at the start of he-
mostasis. The degree of constriction is
directly proportional to the size of the
injured blood vessel and to the extent
of vascular damage. The elastic peri-
vascular tissue contributes to this by
partially or completely obstructing the
site of injury.
Platelet Reaction
This phase probably occurs simul-
taneously with reflex vasoconstriction.
An aggregation of platelets forms a
36 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Hemophilia
This commonly misunderstood, hereditary condition is explicitly defined, and the
latest methods of treatment outlined.
Claude Petitderc, M.D.
hemostatic plug for the wound. Cer-
tain active principles (enzymes) are
released, which bind the platelets
together, and contribute to the vaso-
constriction.
Blood Coagulation
In 1905, a German scientist, Mora-
witz, postulated the existence of an
independent system of blood clotting
composed of fibrinogen, calcium ions
and prothrombin. The platelets and
white cells were thought to contain
an enzyme (thrombokinase) capable
of converting prothrombin to throm-
bin Table 1). Morawitz also sug-
gested the possible existence of a
system of anticoagulants that counter-
balance the coagulating mechanism.
Modem theories of blood coagulation
are essentially modifications of these
early views.
Since then, it has been demonstrated
that tissue extracts alone are not
enough to convert prothrombin to
thrombin. Certain other plasma fac-
tors - V, X, and VII - must be
present to produce active tissue throm-
boplastin. On the other hand, an in-
trinsic system of thromboplastin forma-
tion resulting from the action of
plasma factors XII, XI, IX, and VIII,
along with platelet factor HI, also
exists. There is a close relationship
between these two systems. Prothrom-
bin (factor II) conversion occurs im-
Dr. PetitcIerc is on the staff of the hema-
tology department of Hôpital de Saint-
Sacrement, Quebec City, Quebec.
perfectly if a factor is lacking in
either system. Once the conversion has
taken place, the thrombin, in turn,
acts to change fibrinogen to fibrin
(Table 2). In hemophilia the blood
coagulation phase of the hemostatic
mechanism is faulty.
Diagnosis
Tests designed to determine whether
or not the extrinsic and intrinsic
systems of thromboplastin formation
are intact aid substantially in the
diagnosis of blood coagulation defects.
Consequently, clotting times are ob-
tained on blood samples with and with-
out the addition of tissue factor.
Hemophilia A and B
The blood plasma of the normal
individual contains 70 and 120 per-
cent respectively of factors VIII and
IX of the intrinsic thromboplastin
system. The patient with Hemophilia
A has a deficiency of factor VIII,
while Hemophilia B is characterized
by a low level of factor IX. The
severe hemophiliac patient may have
less than one percent of either of
these two factors. Signs and symp-
toms vary according to the degree
of deficiency.
Both types of hemophilia, in their
classic forms, exhibit similar clinical
signs: repeated episodes of spontan-
eous bleeding affecting almost any
organ - deep hematomata and he-
marthroses are typical lesions - and
frequent epistaxis.
JULY 1967
Spontaneous hemarthroses frequen-
tly cause severe disability. In contrast,
superficial abrasions have a tendency
to heal quickly and normally.
The frequency with which retroper-
itoneal hemorrhage into the gastro-
intestinal tract occurs is significant
in establishing a differential diag-
nosis. This bleeding may be confused
with other clinical entities that require
surgery - a procedure that could
prove fatal to the hemophiliac patient.
Hemophilia A occurs nine times
more often than Hemophilia B, but
both types are transmitted through a
recessive, sex-linked gene.
Treatment
Fresh Frozen Plasma
Factor VIII rapidly disappears un-
less plasma is frozen immediately
after collection. Since it is relatively
easy to obtain, fresh frozen plasma
is the treatment of choice. Factor IX
remains stable in stored plasma for
comparatively long periods, thus el-
iminating problems of supply.
Human Antihemophilic Globulin
Fractionation of this protein has
been carried out in only a few centers
thrombokinase
Prothrombin .-> thrombin (1-1)
Ca..
Fibrinogen r-+ fibrin (1-2)
thrombin
Table I
Synonyms
Factor [ : Fibrogen
Factor II: Prothrombin
Factor III: Platelets
Factor IV: Calcium
Factor VII: Pro-convertin
Factor VIII: Antihemophilic
factor (AH.F.)
Antihemophilic
globulin (AH.G.)
Factor IX: Plasma
thromboplastin
component
(P.T.C. or
Christmas factor)
Factor XI: Plasma
thromboplastin
antecedent (P .T.A)
Factor XII: Hageman factor
JULY 1967
in the world because of difficulties
in isolating it and high production
costs. This method is nonantigenic,
and avoids overtaxing the circulation.
Cold-Precipitated Fibrinogen
Precipitation of the fibrinogen-
fraction with cold produces a product
that is rich in antihemophilic factor
A. This technique has the added ad-
v
ntage that other plasma fractions
are preserved for use in other ways,
for example in the reconstitution of
whole blood. The Canadian Red Cross
has now adopted this method. A
much smaller quantity is required for
effective administration than when
whole plasma is used.
Animal Factor Vlll
The percentages of factor VIII
found in some animals, for example,
the pig and the ox, are 100 times
higher per mg. of serum protein,
than that found in human blood. Ex-
traction of both porcine and bovine
factor VIII is currently being carried
out at Oxford. Use of these prepara-
tions for humans has proven most
satisfactory, especially in major sur-
gery. One serious disadvantage, how-
ever, is the antigenic quality of
animal factor, although the presence
of specific antibodies against these
concentrates has yet to be demonstrat-
ed. However, eight to nine days after
administration of the factor, the recip-
ient presents the clinical picture of
antibody formation. Obviously, use of
the animal factor must be limited to
those occasions when a patient's life
is at stake. Repeated administration
may induce death through anaphylactic
shock.
Conclusion
These, then, are the therapeutic
devices at our disposal in the care
of the hemophiliac patient. During
the past 10 years, our method of
extracting factor VIII has improved
and our understanding of the condi-
tion of hemophilia, increased. This,
in turn, has greatly ameliorated the
lot of the hemophiliac patient. Refine-
ment in methods of treatment has de-
creased the extent of disability. Re-
habiliation problems should assume
smaller proportions in the future,
although much remains to be done in
the area of education. This task be-
longs to the nurse as well as to the
doctor and social worker. 0
Extrinsic System Intrinsic System
(Measured By One-Stage (Measured By Thromboplastin
Prothrombin Time) Generation Test)
-----
I I
I I Factor VIII
I I Factor IX
Tissue Extract I I Factor XI
I I Factor XII
I I Platelets
I ----- I
I .
Factor VII I I
L -----
I I
Factor V I I Factor V
Factor X I I Factor X
Calcium I I Calcium
I ----- t
Prothrombin /
Ð<lri
i' 1 In""""
Prothrombinase
Prothrombinase
Thrombin
I
I
I
Figrinogen v
Fibrin
Table II
THE CANADIAN NURSE 37
Not so long ago, before we knew
how to use blood therapeutically,
Wickham Legg 1 observed that one of
the best ways to treat hemorrhage in
the hemophiliac patient was to leave
him alone until he came to the end of
his blood supply. Then it could be
counted on to stop! A moment's reflec-
tion discloses the despair underlying
his sarcasm: Would adequate treat-
ment for hemorrhage complicated by
abnormalities in clotting ever be avail-
able?
If such were still the situation,
300,000 hemophiliac persons the
world over would be in desperate
straits. Of this total, 2,000-4,000
(about I in every 5,000 persons):!
form part of our Canadian population.
Fortunately, the quality of the care
now offered to these individuals means
that the majority can anticipate a
happy, active, useful life.
Since hemorrhage is the chief sign
of hemophilia, measures designed to
re-establish local or general hemosta-
sis, to prevent or minimize complica-
tions, and to avoid the conditions con-
ducive to bleeding are emphasized in
this article. Social and psychological
aspects of this condition are also con-
sidered.
General hemostasis
The amount of blood lost by a hemo-
philiac may not always be particular-
ly impressive since it is frequently
from the capillaries. Nevertheless, mild
bleeding can assume alarming propor-
38 THE CANADIAN NURSE
The nurse and the
hemophiliac patient
Preservation of life is no longer our sole objective for the hemophiliac person.
Janine Drapeau
tions if it is prolonged. The nurse must
be aware of the signs of impending
shock: rapid, feeble pulse; marked fa-
tigue; diaphoresis; polydipsia; drop in
blood pressure.
The basic needs of the bleeding
patient are: close observation; rest and
relaxation; fluids; warm clothes and
bedding.
General hemostasis requires the cor-
rection of any deficiency in factor VIII
or IX. Synthetic antihemophilic glob-
ulin has yet to be produced. Blood
is our only source of replacement for
certain coagulation factors. It may be
used in a number of ways, and conse-
quently its administration is of interest
to nurses in considering total patient
care.
Whole blood transfusion: Blood
volume and/ or hemoglobin content
are restored. In treating Hemophilia
A, the blood must be administered
within two hours after collection.
Plasma administration: Used when
restoration of blood clotting is the.
chief objective.
Factor VlII: Used as a last resort
in treatment of Hemophilia A.
Blood transfusion
The dangers that may accompany
transfusion cannot be overemphasized.
These include: incompatible transfu-
sion; allergic reactions; and overload-
ing circulation.
Incompatible transfusion: The drop
in blood pressure that results may
produce irreversible kidney damage
from ischemia. In addition, the pa-
tient exhibits dyspnea, cyanosis, fever,
and shivering, and complains of lum-
bar and suprapubic pain radiating into
the thighs. Reaction may occur after
the administration of only a few cc. of
blood 3 .
Allergic reactions: These may take
the form of a skin eruption, asthmatic
crisis, laryngeal edema, labial swelling.
Overtaxed circulation: Acute pul-
monary edema may ensue.
The attentiveness of the nursing
personnel should be such that there
need never be regret over an error in
patient identification or in a cross-
matching report. Vital signs are noted
regularly, the progress of the trans-
fusion is checked, and any indication
of an overload on the circulatory sys-
tem is duly heeded. Complaints voiced
by the patient receive prompt atten-
tion. Obviously, the patient's call bell
is always within easy reach.
Any sign of transfusion incompat-
ibility, overtaxed circulatory system,
or severe allergic response is sufficient
to warrant discontinuing the transfu-
sion even before the doctor is called.
A mild allergic reaction or a pyrogenic
response characterized by fever and
sudden shivering can be adequately
dealt with by slowing the rate of flow
until the doctor is called.
Miss Drapeau is presently an Instructor
at l'Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement School of
Nursing in Quebec City, Quebec.
JULY 1967
Plasma administration
There are two important points to
be remembered in the use of plasma:
I. Factor VIII is readily destroyed
by heat. Consequently, plasma must
be administered quickly. When fresh
frozen plasma is used it is administered
as soon as it thaws. The process of
thawing should never be hastened by
placing the container in warm water.
The rate of administration should be
about 60 drops per minute so that the
room temperature has little oppor-
tunity to affect the factor VIII content.
2. Plasma can produce allergic re-
actions similar to those following
blood transfusion. Since plasma is ad-
ministered more rapidly, reactions tend
to develop quite suddenly. Thus, for
every unit of plasma given, a close
watch is kept for cutaneòus eruption,
fever, angioneurotic edema, glottal
edema and subsequent asphyxia. Al-
lergic reactions not only constitute a
threat in themselves but, in the case
of such conditions as pruritis, the pa-
tient may develop an aversion to essen-
tial treatment.
Plasma, like blood, may overtax the
circulation simply as the result of ad-
ded fluid volume or because of existing
malfunction of the heart or kidneys.
Should the patient exhibit sudden ma-
jor respiratory difficulty-from glottal
edema or pulmonary edema-the plas-
ma flow must be stopped immediately
and the doctor called. A mild allergic
response can be handled by slowing
the rate of flow until the antihistamine
usually prescribed for such occasions
takes effect. When this occurs, plasma
flow can be resumed at normal speed.
Factor VIII administration
This concentrate is extracted from
the blood of the pig, ox, or, infrequent-
ly, humans. It is given intravenously
and may induce severe allergic reac-
tion.
The need for repeated injections is
a source of annoyance to patients. The
person responsible for this procedure
should be extremely skillful. Injections
-intravenous or otherwise--do not
usually cause bleeding in the hemo-
philiac patient if digital pressure is
exerted momentarily after withdrawing
the needle. Intramuscular injections
are routinely prohibited unless the
level of the specific factor deficiency
can be raised to a safe margin.
Local hemostasis
Clot formation is not the only
means by which blood loss can be
halted. Constriction of the walls of the
injured blood vessel also plays an im-
portant role. Where one means fails,
another may be attempted. Several
measures can be used to control hem-
IULY 1967
orrhage lo
ally: immobilization; appli-
cation of ice packs; pressure; and local
hemostatic agents.
Immobilization
An active muscle necessarily re-
ceives an extra blood supply. This ob-
viously is not conducive to constric-
tion of the injured vessel. Whenever
possible, the affected part is put at
rest and good use made of splints and
slings.
Ice application
The application of ice can result
in two particularly desirable effects-
constriction of blood vessels locally,
and loss of feeling in the nerve end-
ings. The former reduces blood loss,
while the latter controls pain arising
from the accumulation of blood in the
tissues. Ice can be applied to any
accessible part of the body as long as
care is taken to avoid injury to the
skin through the development of chil-
blains. The likelihood of chilblains
varies in direct proportion to the de-
gree of local desensitization.
Pressure
Local application of pressure affects
the underlying blood vessels. However.
there must be no interference with the
oxygen supply to distal portions. This
means that the color of the skin, its
temperature, and degree of sensation
must be checked. Initially, bandages
are not applied too tightly, since they
tend to tighten as blood accumulates
in the tissues.
Local hemostatic agents
Certain pharmaceutical compounds
are useful in the promotion of clot
formation, but they should only be
applied topically. Thrombin used lo-
cally on damaged vessels takes the
place of natural thrombin in the pro-
cess of blood clotting. It unites with
fibrinogen to fofm fibrin, which, in
turn, binds the blood cells and plate-
lets together, eventually producing a
clot. Other preparations such as Gel-
foam, Oxycel, Hemopak, etc., help
mechanically in c;ot formation.
It is very important to have several
of these agents available as part of
the plan of care for hemophiliac pa-
tients. All is then ready if the patient
develops a break in the skin or mucous
membrane and a dressing must be
applied.
The foregoing allusion to wounds
is a reminder of the importance of
asepsis. A superimposed infection
tends to make blood vessel walls more
friable and more fragile, thus increas-
ing the danger of hemorrhage.
Preventing and minimizing
complications
The hemophiliac faces two particu-
lar problems as the outcome of hem-
orrhage. The first, and possibly the
most frequently encountered, is func-
tional disability of joints affected by
hemarthroses and hemophilic arthritis.
Anemia, resulting from repeated or
prolonged hemorrhage, is the second
complication.
Joint Damage
The hemophiliac is prone to hem-
arthroses of the large joints with
subsequent disability resulting from
destruction of fragile structures, bone
deformity, shortening of ligaments,
etc. 4 Special nursing care is required.
The accumulation of blood around
the joint causes pain which the patient
tries to relieve by placing the limb in
an unnatural position. To avoid per-
manent distortion, this position is cor-
rected as quickly as possible using
splints, slings, etc.
To increase the safety margin, the
joint is kept at rest several days after
hemorrhage has been arrested. On the
other hand, muscles that become atro-
phied from disuse frequently cause
joint instability which, in turn, in-
creases the likelihood of injury and
hemorrhage. Progressive, appropriate
exercises should be instituted under the
direction of a physiatrist. Swimming
is particularly beneficial for hemophil-
iacs since it strengthens muscles in
the limbs, especially those around large
joints.
Hemarthroses usually are quite pain-
fuL Aspirin and similar compounds
that the hemophiliac may take to re-
lieve the pain cause capillary frag-
ility and hence increase the danger of
bleeding.
Anemia
To replace hemoglobin loss that ac-
companies each bout of bleeding, the
hemophiliac must have good reserves
of iron. Otherwise, anemia and its
attendant physical weakness increase
the risk of complications in even minor
hemorrhage. For this reason, the hemo-
philiac should have a well-balanced
diet, rich in iron.
Psychological aspects
The nurse should realize that the
child's attitude toward his illness is
influenced less by the condition itself
than by the attitude of those in his
environment. Certainly, hemophilia is
a distressing disease. Anyone who has
experienced a hemorrhage can appre-
ciate how difficult it must be to live
under the constant threat of bleeding.
Overprotection, however, simply en-
hances this sense of impending danger
and may encourage effeminate man-
ners and attitudes in the hemophiliac
patient. Freedom from anxiety is a
major concern in the psychological
care of the hemophiliac. Dependency,
aggression, and isolation also must be
counteracted in these persons.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 39
,
'"
Freedom from anxiety
This can be accomplished best
through patient teaching. The individ-
ual should be prepared to assume res-
ponsibility for his own well-being. His
confidence in the effectiveness of treat-
ment should be built up.
Safeguarding masculinity
An extremely close mother-son re-
lationship, or an intimate relationship
with other females in his environment
can be detrimental to the development
of a masculine temperment in a boy
who, through circumstances, must
avoid physical force. Father-son rela-
tionships, or those with other male
relatives and friends, become corres-
pondingly more important and should
be as enriching as possible. It is equal-
ly important to encourage the develop-
ment of interests and hobbies that are
masculine in nature but not physically
harmful.
Freedom from aggression
Few restrictions as possible are
placed on the activities of the hem-
ophiliac child. He should be given an
opportunity to rebel against his illness,
his lot in life, etc. Suppressed aggres-
sion may be handled positively by al-
lowing the child to express his feelings
through special projects, painting, mu-
sic, literature, etc., rather than through
physical force. So many areas of hu-
man endeavor are open to him, that
the opportunity to excel in some one
activity can lead the handicapped per-
son to a new sense of his own worth
and mitigate feelings of frustration.
40 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Increasing sociability
Secure in a sense of his own value
as a human being, an individual is
better disposed toward cordial rela-
tionships with his fellows. The next
step is to encourage participation in
those activities that involve interper-
sonal exchanges: collections of all
kinds, games, non-violent sports, such
as swimming, fishing, boating, etc.
Special assistance
The Canadian Hemophilia Society
provides valuable information for all
who desire it. It also grants financial
assistance to hemophiliacs in need. In
addition, the Society encourages re-
search into the illness and its treat-
ment.
.As soon as a hemophiliac and his
parents become members of the Cana-
dian Hemophilia Society, they are sent
ample information concerning all as-
pects of the condition. Certain points
are stressed:
I. The importance of seeking med-
ical advice as soon as hemarthroses
develop.
2. The need for special dental care
(even the loss of a milk tooth may
lead to serious bleeding), regular
check-ups, soft toothbrushes, extrac-
tions under medical supervision only.
3. The need for adequate profes-
sional education since the hemophiliac
must earn his living through intel-
lectual rather than physical effort.
4. The need for the hemophiliac
to have a sense of his own worth and
to excel in some field of endeavor.
5. The importance of always car-
rying the identification card issued by
the Canadian Hemophilia Society. This
will ensure adequate care in case of
accident.
Special centers for hemophiliac care
are attached to hospitals in several
large cities. One such department is
at S1. Mary's Hospital, Montreal.
Social service departments may help
in the solution of a variety of prob-
lems - financial, educational, rehabil-
itative.
The Bell Telephone Company of
Canada offers communication services
between home and school in some
Canadian communities, for the benefit
of children who cannot attend classes
regularly.
The Canada Manpower Division of
the Department of Manpower and Im-
migration can assist the hemophiliac
person to find suitable employment.
Some provincial employment services
have a division for the handicapped.
An optimistic note
The optimistic note in the introduc-
tion of this article could well be over-
shadowed by the various words of
warning that followed. Nevertheless,
there is the conviction that the hemo-
philiac can and should live life to
the full, enjoying all the good things
that it has to offer. Having faced his
own physical limitations and taken
the necessary precautions, the hemo-
philiac person's hopes for the future
can more easily and more surely be-
come a reality.
References
I. Kerr, C. B. The management of haem-
ophilia. Sydney, Australia, University of
Sydney, 1961. 128 p.
2. L'hémophilie de nos jours. Montreal,
Merck, Sharpe and Dohme of Canada
Ltd., 1962. 63 p.
3. Delahal, E. Accidents de la transfusion.
Soins 95: 623-27, July-August 1964.
4. Cornn, P. Etat actuel du problème de
l'hémophilie. Rel'ue de l'infirmière et
de l'assistante socia/e. 16: 7: 609-616,
July-September, 1966.
5 La rehabilitation et les soins infirmiers
à I'hôpital généraI. Montréal, Institut
Marguerite d'Youville, 1965. p. 75-91.
o
JULY 1967
Malignant conditions occurring
about the head and neck frequently
are treated with radiotherapy or sur-
gery. Extirpation by surgery generally
results in an unsightly defect that may
limit the patient's ability to return to
normal living. The loss of a nose, ear,
or orbital contents usually cannot be
repaired by plastic surgery; however,
the part often can be replaced by a
prosthesis.
The Prosthetic Unit of the vivision
of Rehabilitation Medicine, University
of Toronto - a unit sponsored by the
Ontario Cancer Treatment and Re-
search Foundation - provides a ser-
vice for patients who have sustained a
facial defect as the result of cancer.
Prosthetic restoration of the face is
not a new concept. Man's desire to
look human has created the need for
replacement throughout the ages. Crude
golden noses have been found in mum-
mified remains of Egyptians kings and
nobles. Nasal replacements made of
lacquer have been used in India and
China for over 2,000 years. Ambrose
Paré, in the sixteenth century, designed
prostheses of papier-mâché and leather
to replace missing facial members. In
addition, he prescribed intra-oral ap-
pliances to cover perforations in the
palate.
Prosthetic fitting
In the modern prosthesis the series
of fittings necessary to restore a defect
cause no distress to the patient. On his
first visit an impression of the defect
JULY 1967
Prostheses for
.
cancer patients
Modern prostheses make it possible to restore a patient's appearance
to a degree that is socially acceptable.
C. M Godfrey, B.A., M.D., and Stanley Brasier
site is taken so that a positive plaster
mould can be made. From this, the
prosthesis is fabricated in wax. At a
later visit, the prosthesis is tried on
the defect and assessed for various
factors, such as size, position, and
symmetry. Prostheses are made initial-
ly in wax so that at the trial stage any
necessary alteration can be made quite
easily.
The final stage consists of forming a
mould of the wax appliance so that it
can be accurately reproduced and fin-
ally finished in the material of choice.
Soft material unsuitable
Although one may rightly consider
that facial prostheses should be made
from a soft material, it is unfortunate
that as yet no such material has been
produced to meet the necessary re-
quirements. Soft materials are not
physically stable, with the result that a
prosthesis may become distorted in a
short while, thus rendering it ill-fitting.
Color stability, a most important fac-
tor, is usually not good, necessitating
recoloring at frequent intervals. Be-
cause of these shortcomings, soft ma-
terials are not normally used in the
making of facial prostheses.
Hard materials, notably acrylic res-
in, possess the qualities necessary in
this work. Acrylic resin is the plastic
Dr. Godfrey is Director, and Mr. Brasier
is Prosthetist at the Prosthetic Unit. Divi-
sion of Rehabilitation Medicine. University
of Toronto, Toronto. Ontario.
used in dentures, where it has proved
its durability and stability over many
years. Because it is physically stable
and is able to retain its initial color,
it is an ideal material for prosthetic
use. Furthermore, it can be pigmented
to any desired color or shade, and can
be made to produce the multiplicity of
tones that characterize human tissue.
Ear prosthesis
The loss of an ear is, perhaps, the
least mutilating deformity. Neverthe-
less, the patient feels incomplete and
exhibits a state of imbalance, Figure 1
shows typical loss of left ear from the
anterior view. Figure 2 shows the
acrylic resin restoration fitted to the
patient, and illustrates how balance is
restored.
Where possible, facial appliances
are attached to spectacles. Since this
method of fixation cannot be applied
successfully to an ear, use is made of
a medical adhesive. A light film is ap-
plied to the defect area and also to
the fitting surface of the ear before
placing it in position. Since this me-
thod relies on the patient's ability to
place the prosthesis accurately, it is
avoided wherever possible.
In addition to the esthetic consider-
ations in restoring the ear, patients
who wear spectacles are pleased to
have the frame stability restored. In
such cases an ear can be considered
to have some complimentary function
as well. If the patient possesses his
hearing faculty on the defect side, pro-
THE CANADIAN NURSE 41
\
,
Fig. 1: Anterior view of typical loss of
ear, illustrating imbalance.
Fig. 7: D.efect created by surgery
following removal of malignant tumor.
42 THE CANADIAN NURSE
f
Fig. 2: The artificial ear restored
complete balance.
f
-
""""
Fig. 8: A good cosmetic result may be
achieved where the defect is not too
large.
\
...
'-
Fig. 3: Complete loss of nose and
septum due to squamous cell
carcinoma.
vision is made for this in the prosthesis
so that hearing is unimpared.
Nose prosthesis
Complete loss of nose, as illustrated
in figure 3, is perhaps one of the most
embarrassing defects. With the loss of
such protrusive anatomy, the character
of the face is completely destroyed,
particularly in the lateral aspect shown
in figure 4. It is essential, in such
cases, to restore the patient's self-
confidence, as well as his nose.
When sculpturing a nose prosthesis,
it is of great importance to keep the
shape as near as possible a replica of
the patient's original state. For this
reason it is of considerable help if the
patient can be seen preoperatively. An
impression of the patient's own nose
can be taken, and a perfect reproduc-
tion made. Failing this, help often can
be obtained from preoperative por-
trait photographs of the patient or, in
desperation, from the patient's own
description (which, unfortunately, is
often somewhat vague).
An artificial nose is constructed in
the form of a thin shell so that the
weight factor can be kept as low as
possible. This also helps in the matter
of coloring, for while the correct color
of a prosthesis is embodied in the
process of molding, some touching up
may be necessary when it is fitted to
the patient. Being very thin, any fur-
ther subtle coloring may be applied
from behind, and subsequently sealed.
Figures 5 and 6 show the patient
with a prosthetic nose in position. This
is firmly attached to the bridge of the
spectacle frame; since the spectacles
are fitted with special riding bow tem-
ples that encircle the patient's ears,
JULY 1967
...
.. .
\.
Fig. 4: Loss of nose in the lateral
aspect destroys facial features. This is
one of the most embarrassing defects.
the nose is held snugly in its precise
position. It is simple for the patient
to apply his prosthesis by merely put-
ting on his spectacles.
Apart from providing suitable fix-
ation for the prosthesis, spectacles of-
fer other advantages. One of the big
problems with a facial prosthesis is the
concealment of edges, or junction
lines; anything that helps in this direc-
tion is of considerable aid. It will be
noted in figure 5 that the spectacle
bridge completely conceals the junc-
tion of the nose in the upper bridge
area. In addition, spectacles fulfill their
normal function of correcting sight, for
each patient is sent for a refraction. If
necessary, corrective lenses are fitted
to the spectacles; otherwise, pIano
lenses suffice.
Orbital exenteration
Another type of defect that is com-
monly encountered in cancer patients
is orbital exenteration. Such a defect
may be open or closed. A typical ex-
ample of the latter variety is shown in
figure 7. This exhibits collapsed tissue
in the orbital region and is normally
restored by the fitting of an orbital
prosthesis. The demands of this type
of prosthesis are more exacting inas-
much as the eye, the lid, and any sur-
rounding tissue area need to be care-
fully restored. Accurate matching of
iris color and size, pupil size, sclera
color, and formation of blood vessels,
etc., is observed, together with correct
sculpturing of lid
curvature, all of
which help to produce a life-like pros-
thesis.
Although special techniques are
used to make junction lines as in-
conspicuous as possible, the use of
JULY 1967
....
-
-
..
Fig. 5: The design of the prosthesis
takes advantage of existing naso labial
folds to further conceal junction lines.
spectacles is again of considerable aid.
Figure 8 shows how the periphery of
the prosthesis has been made to coin-
cide, approximately, with that of the
lens rim.
In the orbital prosthesis, the pros-
thetic eye obviously looks straight
ahead. Because of this, patients are
trained in simulation techniques to
"look" with their head, so that at all
times the angle of vision of the sound
eye remains parallel to that of the pros-
thetic eye. Thus, the chances of detec-
tion by an observer are lessened, in
most cases.
The above methods of training are
unnecessary in the case of loss of eye,
for an artificial eye can be fitted to ex-
hibit an acceptable degree of move-
ment. This is made possible by the
muscular movement of the posterior
wall of the socket. Motion may also be
aided by the use of a spherical implant
which, in suitable cases, is sometimes
inserted permanently at operation.
The glass eye of the past has been
superseded by the use of acrylic, and
provides many advantages - notably
freedom from accidental breakage, and
longer life. The fitted artificial eye is
worn with complete comfort because
of the dense and highly polished sur-
face that is characteristic of acryJic res-
in.
While the facial defects described
typify the main types, partial defects
of ear and nose are also encountered,
and can be restored accordingly. On the
other hand, an open orbital exentera-
tion may embrace a considerable area
of adjacent cheek, or even include the
loss of nose. Under such circumstances
a very extensive prosthesis is necessi-
tated to restore normal appearance.
;
l
Fig. 6: The character of the face is
restored in this lateral view of the
fined prosthesis.
Intra-oral prosthesis
In addition to external defects, in-
tra-oral deformities of the jaw, such as
maxillectomies, are treated. Such de-
fects affect the functions of eating,
drinking, and speaking. Although these
defects cannot be seen, they cause con-
siderable distress to the patient. Spe-
cially designed intra-oral prostheses are
fitted, which restore these functions al-
most to normal.
Patients range from babies of a few
months - usually with loss of eye or
eyes due to retinal blastoma - to per-
sons age 91. Many patients, therefore,
need continuing treatment at varying
intervals because of changing condi-
tions of the defect, further surgery, or
replacement prosthesis.
Summary
The foregoing has shown how dis-
figured cancer patients can be restor-
ed in appearance and rehabilitated to
the point where they can mix in every-
day society without feeling an object
of curiosity. Many patients are cap-
able of working, and in some instances
the fitting of a facial prosthesis is
often the deciding factor on the ques-
tion of their being accepted.
In addition to fitting the patient with
a prosthetic replacement, the Rehabili-
tation Unit, which is located in The
Princess Margaret Hospital Lodge,
Toronto, offers other facilities that help
the patient to return to his normal ac-
tivities. Speech re-training, physical
therapy, and social or vocational as-
sistance are available services. The On-
tario Cancer Treatment and Research
Foundation provides these services
free-of-charge to the cancer patient. 0
THE CANADIAN NURSE 43
Programmed instruction
- can we use it?
Programmed instruction, first named
by Dr. B. F. Skinner in 1954, is based
on teaching techniques that date to
the time of Socrates. Four ingredients
of good teaching that were inherent in
the Socratic method and are found in
programmed learning are outlined by
Geis and Anderson:
I. The material is presented in
small bits so that one piece builds on
the previous one.
2. The student interacts with the
material.
3. The information is reinforced by
confirmation of responses.
4. It allows the student to pro-
ceed at his own rate of learning. 1
The difference between the Socratic
method and programmed instruction,
according to Geis and Anderson, is
that the latter provides a permanent
record for future reference by both
the student and the teacher. The So-
cratic technique, which was largely
verbal, was carried forward to pro-
gramming as a result of Thorndike's
stimulus-response theory advanced in
the 1890's and Skinner's theory of
reinforcement.
Frames build knowledge
All programmed material is present-
ed in the form of small blocks of in-
formation (frames) strung together in a
logical sequence to allow the student
to build his knowledge as he proceeds
from frame to frame. Each frame
presents a small piece of information
followed by a question pertaining to
44 THE CANADIAN NURSE
This method is effective only if the instructor understands its use and is
convinced of its value.
R. Roslyn Klaiman
that particular information.
After studying the information in
the frame, the student answers the
question and then verifies his answer
before proceeding to the next frame.
The question is worded so that he is
required either to write an answer or
to choose one of several answers pro-
vided. An incorrect response to the
question is immediately relayed to the
student and allows him to relearn the
material before compounding his er-
ror. Similarly, he is informed imme-
diately of correct responses.
In some programs the student is
redirected to additional reference ma-
terial or information within the pro-
gram itself if he makes an error in
a frame; or, he may be directed to
proceed more rapidly than the numer-
ical order of the frames indicate if
he responds correctly. In this way
he actively interacts with the material,
reinforces his learning, and can and
does proceed at his own rate.
Studies have revealed that students
generally cover course content more
rapidly and with greater thoroughness
through the use of a good program
than through other instructional me-
Miss Klaiman. a graduate of the Jewish
General Hospital School of Nursing. Mon-
treal. and McGill University. is instructor at
the Ryerson Poly technical Institute Nursing
Course in Toronto. She is interested in
hearing from persons who have used pro-
grammed instruction themselves or who
have developed their own programs.
thods. Any program, however, is only
as good as the knowledge and teach-
ing sequence within it; a poor program
teaches in the same way as a poor
teacher.
Types of programs
The presentation of programmed
material follows one of several designs
(paradigms) in either a text or a
"teaching machine." The paradigm and
media used depend upon the prefer-
ence of the programmer and on the
material to be presented. Generally,
today's programmed nursing content
appears in text form. Irrespel:tive of
the paradigm or media used. the four
ingredients outlined above are strictly
adhered to.
Skinner employs a method of pres-
entation known as linear or extrinsic
programming. The material is pres-
ented sequentially through frames com-
posed of short items, followed by a
question to which the student is re-
quired to construct an answer. Each
student proceeds through the program
in exactly the same order. An entire
program (course) may consist of 1,500
or more frames.
The second basic paradigm, devel-
oped in 1959 by Norman Crowder, is
known as branching or instrinsic pro-
gramming. Here, the student is pres-
ented with the information in a short
frame as in the linear program, but
instead of constructing an answer to
the question, he is provided with alter-
native answers from which he chooses
JULY 1967
one. Each answer chosen leads to an-
other frame that either informs him
that he is correct and directs him to
the next sequence, or informs him
that his answer is incorrect and re-
turns him to the original frame or
offers additional information before
directing him to the next sequence.
The branching paradigm allows the
student to make an error, indicating
his need for further information which
is then provided. In a branching pro-
gram the sequence followed differs
with each student.
Lysaught and Williams have defined
the basic difference between these two
main paradigms: "Students using linear
programs will proceed to a subsequent
item regardless of the correctness or
incorrectness of their responses; in in-
trinsic programs, the student will be
directed to diverse items as a result of
the correctness or incorrectness of his
response."2
Many of the newer programs now
available contain elements of both
linear and branching techniques. The
values of programming have been sum-
marized by Stolurow who says: "One
can consider the communication pro-
cess between the teaching machine
(program) and the learner as anal-
agous to that taking place when a stu-
dent is taught with the Socratic method
by a live teacher ... In the typical
teaching machine program the learn-
er responds frequently; he is trans-
formed from a passive receiver into
an active participant in the teaching-
learning process.":J
Does not replace teacher
Programmed instruction ;s not a
testing device; nor is it a method to
replace the teacher. However, pro-
gramming may be used to assist in
testing, since its nature depends upon
carefully outlined objectives to pro-
duce a comprehensive sequence. The
teacher then can use these objectives
to prepare tests that are based on
the knowledge acquired through the
program. Used wisely, programs can
free the teacher from the lectern in
certain areas of curriculum presenta-
tion, but will never replace her in
JULY 1967
l
"
)
.'
-,
-
'It
,
"
,
,
\\ \,
" \
J
-
-
THE CANADIAN NURSE 45
How to Work with a Program
The sample page presents a teaching sequence commonly known as
programming. Each block on the page is a "frame" with the accompanying
answer found in the shaded left-hand column. To work with this program, use
a piece of paper, a ruler or some similar item as a mask to cover the left hand
column. Read frame No.1 and answer the question; move your mask to check
the answer; if you are correct, proceed to frame No.2. Proceed through the
program in this manner. Check each answer before carrying on with subsequent
frames.
programmed instruction
1.
Programmed instruction is a new teaching tech-
nique based on methods proven since the time
of Socrates.
A new teaching technique based on old and
tested methods is called
frame
2.
The material in a program is presented in small
steps commonly called frames.
The presentation of small bits of information in
a program is known as a
information (or material) question
3.
Each frame presents some information and asks
a question about that piece of information.
if you made an error, return
to Frame No.2 and start again.
A frame is composed of small steps of
plus a
linear, extrinsic
10. The programming paradigm designed by Dr. B.
F. Skinner is called linear or extrinsic program-
ming because each student follows the program
in the same manner.
Skinner's paradigm is known as
or
programming.
branching, intrinsic
11. Branching or intrinsic programming was devel-
oped by Dr. N. Crowder. This paradigm allows
each learner scope to choose alternative routes
through the program.
Crowder's paradigm is known as
or . ...
programming.
linear (or extrinsic) (Sample of review frame)
12. The programming paradigm presented on this
If you made an error, review Frames 8-10
before proceeding.
page is
programming.
46 THE CANADIAN NURSE
JULY 1967
assIstmg the learning process of the
student. Furthermore, programmed in-
struction is not a panacea designed
to cure the ills of education.
Programs can be used to teach con-
cepts as well as facts; indeed, there
are some programs on the market that
introduce the underlying principles of
technical skills. Good programming
can be used in most areas of nursing
curricula, the main exception being
skills that can be learned only through
practice.
Pros and cons
Not all educators agree that pro-
grammed learning is a useful tech-
nique. Here is a summary of opposing
views on programming:
Argument: The technique was de-
veloped through experiments carried
out on laboratory animals, and there-
fore is not useful for man.
Answer: Programmed learning is
based on old and tested theories and
practices used in education.
Argument: A greater interest is
placed on learning theories than on
the learner.
Answer: No program is considered
complete until it has been approved
by the learner. There is always con-
tinual research and revision.
Argument: Teaching machines dis-
play mere love of gadgetry.
Answer: Machines are merely one
method of presenting a program and
do not in themselves teach.
Argument: Programming will re-
place the teacher and remove the hu-
man element from education.
Answer: Programming is a teaching
sequence that assists the teacher, e.g.,
may be used to present material on
which the teacher can build.
Argument: Students do not use
creative thinking in working with pro-
grammed material.
Answer: Programs may be designed
to stimulate creative thinking.
Argument: Students' individual needs
are not recognized; programming is
depersonalized teaching.
Answer: Programs are developed on
the basis of student objectives, thus
resulting in better teaching methods.
Students proceed through a program
at their own rate; teachers are avail-
able for individual assistance.
Evaluating a program
Before the instructor accepts a pro-
gram for use within her course, she
must evaluate it carefully. She can
look at the format and base her evalu-
ation on the following points:
1. Does the author list the group
of people for whom the program was
developed?
This is a major point. Since pro-
JULY 1967
grams should be based on student ob-
jectives, they are suitable only for
that group for which they were design-
ed. For example, a program developed
for nursing assistants probably would
not contain sufficient information for
diploma nursing students. Unless the
author clearly indicates the group for
which the program was designed, the
user runs the risk of employing an
unsuitable program.
2. Are the objectives of the pro-
gram stated?
This information enables the in-
structor to decide whether the pro-
gram will be useful for her students.
3. Does the author say when the
testing and revisions were made?
(Specifically, does she sayan which
group the program was tested? How?
The results? The number of revisions
made?)
Since programming is a teaching
sequence, it requires numerous test-
ings on groups similar to the group
for which it was designed, and rev-
isions made accordingly. Only in this
way can the programmer be assured
that the program will teach.
4. Does content correspond to ob-
jectives of the course for which it will
be used?
If an instructor plans to use a pro-
gram to replace or augment course
content, then the objectives for that
course must be satisfied by the pro-
gram content. On the other hand,
should the program be used to offer
a new view, the instructor must have
this objective in mind.
5. Does the length of the program
fit in with the time available?
Since students proceed through a
program at their own rate of learning,
they must be pennitted sufficient time
to work with it. This may be allotted in
class hours, or left to the students'
discretion. However, if the program
is used to cover, for example, one hour
of class time, but is designed to delve
fully into the topic, thereby requiring
more than an hour, this would be un-
realistic.
6. Will the program teach, that
is, does the framing follow a logical
sequence without too much or too little
repetition?
Initially, the best way to evaluate
this is for the instructor to work
through the program and check her
reactions to the frames. If she finds
the material cumbersome or lacking
in sequence, then the student would
undoubtedly find it more so. Too much
repetition or too frequent elicitation of
the identical response results in bore-
dom. Similarly, too little repetition,
particularly in areas to be memorized,
prevents adequate learning.
7. Can the program be used for
review and/or reference?
This self-explanatory point is partic-
ularly useful for programs employed
to augment, rather than introduce,
course content.
Finally, before deciding to employ
a program fully, the instructor should
carry out her own testing on a class
or a group of students. This can be
done by pre- and post-testing, and
comparing the results to those of
former classes who were taught by
other methods.
Affirmative responses to these
points assure the instructor of a good
program. A negative answer to any
point requires a careful reassessment
of the program's quality..
Summary
Programmed instruction can be used
successfully if the program is used
as an aid, rather than as an end; if
it is used to supplement and not re-
place the teacher; if it is useful for re-
medial work or for the enrichment of
instruction, rather than as the sale
instrument; if the teacher reexamines
her methods and modifies and coordin-
ates them with the program; and if
the program is carefully evaluated in
terms of the seven points outlined
above.
Programming is a useful adjunct to
teaching techniques. The excitement
experienced by students when they en-
counter a good program not only in-
fluences their learning, but stimulates
their curiosity about the subject. The
teacher then works with a group of
informed students who want to learn
more about the subject at hand. This
is a far cry from the often onerous
task of lecturing to a group of students
in an attempt to interest a few.
References
I. Geis, George and Anderson, Maja. Pro-
grammed instruction in nursing educa-
tion, part I. Nurs. Outlook, II :592-4,
August, 1963.
2. Lysaught, Jerome P., and Williams, Gar-
ence M., A Guide to Programmed In-
struction. New York, John Wiley and
Sons, Inc., 1963. p. 86.
3. Stolurow, Lawrence M., Teaching by
Machine. Washington, U.S. Government
Printing Office, 1963, p. 60.
Bibliography av..ilable on request from The
Canadian Nurse, 50 The Driveway, Ottawa
4, Ontario. 0
THE CANADIAN NURSE 47
Sex knowledge of prospective
teachers and graduate nurses
Studies indicate that young people
today do not have reliable, accurate
information about sex and that many
misconceptions are still widely held.
Currant, for example, has reported on
the misconceptions of 12-to 16-year-
old male sex delinquents in the adoles-
cent ward of Bellevue Psychiatric Hos-
pital. Vincent 2 investigated the back-
ground of unwed mothers and found
that, for many, inaccurate information
was accompanied by the attitude that
sex was dirty and vulgar. A sociologi-
cal study of 600 middle-class teenagers
in New York City Social Hygiene Clin-
ics:! revealed that only 42 percent had
any knowledge of venereal disease.
Students with similar educational
background have been questioned
about human sexuality. Lief4 found
that, on the average, students entering
medical school, when compared to
other students with a similar amount of
education, had the same misconcep-
tions regarding sex. Greenbank 5 re-
ported that half the graduates of a
Philadelphia medical school thought
that masturbation frequently caused
mental illness. In addition, he found
that one out of every five faculty mem-
bers in the same school also held the
misconception. Sheppe and Hain 6 dis-
covered that, on a sex knowledge in-
ventory, freshmen in law and in medi-
cine had similar scores but that senior
medical students scored higher than
their law counterparts. They noted,
however, that senior medical students
still missed 10 out of 80 questions on
48 THE CANADIAN NURSE
In this study, the author suggests that both prospective teachers and graduate
nurses need to be taught the basic facts about sex before being expected
to teach them to others.
Anne McCreary-Juhasz, Ph.D.
a questionnaire designed for lay per-
sons with average education.
There is a great deal of discussion
in schools today about the possibility
of including sex education in the cur-
riculum. In a survey of teachers in
British Columbia 7 in 1963, 182 of
the 197 teachers thought that this topic
should be on the curriculum, with two-
thirds of them indicating that teachers
should be responsible for this instruc-
tion. Should this occur, then students
training to be teachers would have to
be prepared to teach this subject.
Purposes of study
The purposes of the study were: 1.
to determine how well-informed educa-
tion students were on selected physio-
logical aspects of sex; and 2. to evalu-
ate the adequacy of their knowledge in
the light of the possibility that they
might be expected to convey this in-
formation to children. Scores of gradu-
ate nurses provided the standard of
adequacy.
The questionnaire
A questionnaire was drawn up con-
sisting of 30 multiple-choice items for
which the respondent was instructed to
select the best answer. All choices
were either plausible answers or com-
monly-held misconceptions. The latter
were selected from the questions most
Dr. Juhasz is Associate Professor, Faculty
of Education, University of British Colum-
bia, Vancouver, British Columbia.
frequently asked by teenagers attend-
ing a series of lectures conducted by a
medical doctor in British Columbia on
the physiology of sex. The best answer
was agreed upon by a team of three
doctors. Topics included on the ques-
tionnaire were: venereal disease, con-
ception, contraception, menstruation,
masturbation, menopause, puberty,
nocturnal emissions, and structure and
function of the sexual orQ:ans.
The questionnaire was given to a
sample group of 40 freshmen at the
University of British Columbia. These
students were directed to underline all
unknown words and ask questions and
make comments about unclear items
or responses. The following words
were underlined (in order of frequen-
cy): circumcision, hysterectomy, hy-
men, masturbation, criterion, corre-
lated. puberty, abstinence, genitalia, va-
gina, and semen.
The revised inventory either omitted
unknown terms or included definitions
of them within the test. Thus, it could
be assumed that students were not
being tested on vocabulary but on the
extent of their information. Adequate
knowledge of the physiological aspects
of sex does not necessarily guarantee
specific behavior. In addition, mea-
surement of progress on a longitudinal
scale is unrealistic since the definition
of progress differs from individual to
individual in time and place. However,
content validity was established
through the consensus of three experts.
One hundred and sixty university
JULY 1967
students completed the questionnaire
twice with an interval between testing.
The resulting coefficient of reliability
using the test-retest method was .81,
which is a relatively high level of re-
liability.
Method
The questionnaire was administered
to the 75 graduate nurses who were
working either for a bachelor's degree
or a diploma in nursing at the Univer-
sity of British Columbia in March,
1966. This total sample included both
male and female subjects. Also, a
stratified sample was drawn from (a)
male and female freshman students,
and (b) all students in each of the
years in the Faculty of Education at
the same university. A total of 365
male and 528 female students was in
this sample. Of these, 433 were pre-
paring to be elementary school
teachers; 325 were preparing to be sec-
ondary school teachers; and 135
freshmen were from other faculties.
There were 144 first-year students,
239 second-year students, 234 third-
year students, III fourth-year students
and 165 fifth-year and graduate stu-
dents.
Raw scores and percentages were
calculated. In addition, scores of
freshmen and education students were
grouped according to placement in the
first, second, third and fourth quarter,
based on the nurses' scores and, for
each quarter, the percentage of the to-
tal was obtained.
Results
The distribution of scores for the
75 nurses is shown in Table I, with
percentile ranks for each score. From
this distribution there were a mean of
25.6, median of 26, and mode of 25.
Quartile one was 25, quartile two was
26, and quartile three was 27.
On the average, nurses missed one
item in six with two-thirds of them
missing one item in 10. Analysis of
the responses to various items showed
that 59 of the 75 nurses (79 percent)
answered the following question incor-
rectly: "For which sex and at which
age does masturbation occur most fre-
quently?" Fifty-five percent answered
the following question incorrectly:
"What does an unbroken hymen usual-
ly indicate?"
When incorrect responses were
grouped into broad categories and the
number of inaccurate responses within
a category averaged, the following top-
ics had the highest percentages of
nurses giving incorrect responses: ho-
mosexuality (31 percent), masturbation
(31 percent) and male reproductive
organs (19 percent). When incorrect
responses were classified under infor-
JULY 1967
Raw Fre- Per- Percentile
Score quency centage Rank
30 1% 100
29 6 8 99
28 5 7 91
27 I3 17 84
26 15 20 67
25 17 23 47
24 10 13 24
23 3 4 11
22 0 0 7
21 4 5 7
20
Table I.
Distribution of Scores and Percentile Ranks
of Graduate Nurses on a Sex Knowledge
Test
mation about the male or the female,
incorrect responses were given for 8
questions about females and for 13
questions about males.
In Table II, the distribution of
scores for male and female education
and freshman students is shown. (Per-
centages have been rounded off.) For
this distribution of scores, the mean
was 23, the median 25, the mode 24.
Quartile one was 22, and quartile
three was 27. On the average, these
students missed one question in four
compared to the nurses one in six.
More than 60 percent of the students
had scores in the lowest quarter based
on the nurses' scores and 13 percent
of the students had lower scores than
any nurse.
For purposes of comparison, all
other scores were grouped into first,
second, third and fourth quarters ac-
cording to standards set by the nurses.
For analysis of item response, ques-
tions were grouped into main topics.
Eighty-three percent of the students
had scores judged to be inadequate
on questions dealing with venereal dis-
ease. In the first quarter also were
60 percent of the student scores on
conception and 54 percent of the
scores on masturbation.
Table III shows the percentage of
the students in each year and in each
department who had scores in each
quarter. In all cases there was a higher
percentage of female students than
males in the lowest quarter with a high
of 86 percent of the freshmen and a
low of 54 percent of the fifth-year fe-
male scores there. Sixty-nine percent
of all females scored in the lowest
quarter. On the other hand, only 7
percent of all females had scores in the
top quarter. Males were better in-
formed than females. In the first quar-
ter, male percentages ranged from 45
percent to 81 percent with an average
of 60 percent in the lowest quarter and
19 percent in the fourth quarter.
Only 24 percent of the males and
7 percent of the females in elementary
education, and 22 percent of the males
and 10 percent of the females in secon-
dary education, had scores in the
fourth quarter, while approximately 60
percent of all prospective elementary
teachers and 54 percent of the second-
ary education students in the sample
had scores in the lowest quarter.
Discussion
In interpreting the above results the
following limitations are recognized:
I. Results are based on data gather-
ed from a voluntary sample of fresh-
men and education students and grad-
uate nurses and apply to this group
only.
2. For purposes of comparison,
scores have been grouped into those
that fall in each of the four quarters
on the distribution of nurses' scores.
[n this study it is assumed that stu-
dents whose scores fall in the first quar-
ter have inadequate information and
that only students whose scores fall
above the second quartile have even
a fair degree of knowledge, while those
in the fourth quarter might have ade-
quate knowledge for a prospective
teacher.
3. The questionnaire contained only
30 items and thus information about
all categories may be less than is de-
sirable. However, this initial study
should reveal areas where further re-
search is needed.
4. A high score on this question-
naire does not necessarily mean that
an individual will be able to teach this
material satisfactorily.
As anticipated, the nurses averaged
higher scores than either education
students or freshmen, missing one
question in six compared to one in
four. Compared to the medical stu-
dents in the Sheppe and Hain study,
the nurses' scores were lower. For all
groups, however, masturbation was a
topic on which many students were
misinformed. The fact that nurses had
more correct information about fe-
males than about males may bear a di-
rect relationship to the amount of in-
formation commonly available on the
physiology of the male and the female.
In general, it appears that members
of the nursing profession do not have
complete knowledge of the essentials
needed for instruction in the physiol-
THE CANADIAN NURSE 49
Raw Percentile Number of Percentage of
Iscore Rank Students Students
based on
nurses scores female male female male total
30 100 6 4 1% 1% 1%
29 99 9 21 2 6 3
28 91 22 42 4 12 8
27 84 61 41 12 11 11.5
26 67 65 39 12 11 11.5
25 47 52 46 10 13 11.5
24 24 75 36 14 10 12
23 II 58 33 II 9 10
22 7 46 18 9 5 7
21 7 39 22 7 6 6.5
20 I 29 15 5 4 4.5
10-19 - 66 48 13 13 13
Table II
Distribution of Scores and Percentile Ranks on the Sex Knowledge
Test: Numbers and Percentage of Male and Female Students
ogy of sex, that is, information that
every individual by the age of puberty
should have gathered.
Students in education did not score
as high as nurses in general, and fresh-
man students scored much lower than
other students. A larger percentage of
males than females had high scores.
The greatest lack of knowledge was
on the subject of venereal disease, and
more than half the students had low
scores on questions dealing with mas-
turbation and conception.
It is obvious, that when measured
against nurses' scores on a test com-
prised of items that should be common
knowledge to any literate person in
our society, students in the faculty of
education generally had inadequate
knowledge. This would be especially
relevant should it become the respon-
sibility of the school to see that stu-
dents are provided with sex informa-
tion during their years in elementary
or secondary school.
Conclusion
In this study, four-fifths of the stu-
dents who had graduated from high
school and were now university fresh-
men had inadequate knowledege of the
physiology of sex anò held many mis-
conceptions, especially about venereal
disease, masturbation and conception.
Thus, one could assume that accurate
information was not available to stu-
dents of elementary and secondary
SO THE CANADIAN NURSE
Fourth Third Second First
Quarter Quarter Quarter Quarter
(28-30) (27) (26) (25)
fe- fe- fe- fe-
male male male male male male male male
eJ. ed. 24% 7% 13% 10% 13% 14% 50% 69%
sec. ed. 22 10 12 16 11 11 45 63
other 3 4 8 8 8 5 81 83
1st yr. 3 2 9 8 9 4 79 86
2nd yr. 26 6 8 14 8 13 58 67
3rd yr. 14 5 15 9 11 14 60 72
4th yr. 24 16 4 11 13 14 59 59
5th/grad. 26 14 15 19 I3 13 46 54
total 19 7 11 12 11 12 60 69
average (13) ( 11.5) (11.5) ( 11.5)
Table 3
Percentage of Male and Female Students by Year and Faculty
Who Scored in Each Quarter on the Sex Knowledge Test
school age represented by this sample.
Three-fifths of the female and one-
half of the male students in the sam-
ple who were training to be teachers
scored in the lowest quarter. These
people would not have even the es-
sential factual information necessary
for instructing in sex knowledge. In
addition, the nurses in the study ave-
raged one incorrect response in six.
This is considered inadequate know-
ledge for person
in this field.
It would appear, then, that both
prospective teachers and nurses should
be taught the basic facts about sex, if
only to improve their own educational
background on an essential topic. How-
ever, results of this study suggest
that the school may have to assume
responsibility for education in this
area. The physiology of sex is, of
course, only one aspect; but it is the
easiest to present, and is basic to un-
derstanding the psychological and so-
ciological implications that should be
presented in any course dealing with
sex.
References
I. Curran. F.J. Psychotherapeutic problems
at puberty. The American Journal of
Orthopsychiatry, 10:510-521, July, 1940.
2. Vincent, C.E. Unmarried mothers. New
York, Free Press, 1961.
3. U. S. Communicable Disease Center.
Teenagers and venereal disease. Atlanta,
Ga., 1961.
4. Lief, H. Orientation of future physicians
in psychosexual attitudes. In Calderone
M. S. (ed.), Manual of contraceptive
practice. Baltimore, Williams and Wil-
kins, 1963. p.104-1I9.
5. Greenbank, R. K. Are medical students
learning psychiatry? Pennsylvania Med-
ical Journal, 64:989-992, 1961.
6. Sheppe. Wm., Jr. and Hain, J. D. Sex
and the medical student. The Journal
of Medical Education, 41:5:457-464,
May, 1966.
7. McCreary, Anne P. Sex instruction for
B.C. schools. The B.C. Teachers, 43:4:
163-166, January, 1964. 0
JULY 1967
books
Simplüied Arithmetic for Nurses
by Esther M. McClain, R.N.. B.S., B.A.,
M.S. 108 pages. 1966. A W.B. Saunders
publication, available in Canada from
McAinsh and Co. Ltd., Toronto and
Vancouver.
Reviewed by Mrs. W. Wishlow, instruc-
tor, Royal Columbian Hospital School
of Nursing, New Westminster, B.C.
This 100-page, paperback book would
serve well as an arithmetic text for students,
or it could be used only by the instructor
as a guide in teaching arithmetic. It would
also serve as a handy text to help the indi-
vidual student who has difficulty in mas-
tering this subject.
The author prefaces the text with the
premise that a fundamental knowledge of
simple arithmetic remains with the student
as a result of sound elementary teaching
in this subject. She presumes that a very
brief review of this knowledge will increase
the student's skill in using numbers. She
states that the chief difficulties in arith-
metic in nursing are concerned with division
of fractions and decimals, multiplication
and division by 10, 100, 1000, etc., ratio
and proportion, and changing numbers
from one form to another - e.g. percent-
ages to decimals, fractions, or ratio. Only
one lesson is devoted to clearing up any
difficulties that the student might have
involving the above manipulation of num-
bers!
In the preface the author states: "Ac-
curacy is concerned with performing each
detail correctly, such as labeling quantities,
putting decimal points in proper places, and
calculating without making errors. Skill is
concerned with speed in calculation, with
rapid analysis of the problem and sure-
ness of method. Skill depends upon suffi-
cient practice to insure proficiency in the
field of numbers."
Sufficient problems are provided through-
out the book to enable the student to
become accurate and skillful in solving
arithmetic problems related to nursing. Pre-
sentation of material is logical and well
planned. No provision is made for labora-
tory work of any type but it is presumed
that the teacher will use available facilities
and equipment to make practice problems
applicable to actual situations. Demonstra-
tions by teacher and students may be easily
planned to meet the needs of the nursing
student.
The book offers a good presentation of
both apothecaries' and metric systems with
many excellent diagrams to accompany
these tables. The diagrams should help the
JULY 1967
student obtain the "mental picture" of all
those elusive amounts that seem so vague
to her when she first begins her struggle
with grains, grams, minims, and milliliters.
There is no mention made of the imperial
system.
The apothecaries' and metric systems are
dealt with in one lesson each. The lesson
following these is on household measures
and approximate equivalents. The fourth
lesson on weights and measures may be
used as a review or test on these tables
and offers an excellent opportunity to stress
the importance of knowledge, neatness, and
accuracy - all of which are so important
in a course of this type.
Eleven different types of problems are
then presented in a series of lessons, each
of which follows a similar plan: outline
of the lesson, objectives, review of the
previous lessons, explJnation of new mater-
ial, practice problems, and assignment re-
lated to the new material.
Only one method, solving by formula,
is given for each type of problem. The
author does not confuse the student by of-
fering more than a few very simple for-
mulas.
A simple explanation of each formula
is given and its application demonstrated,
and although the student is required to use
the formula method for solving all prob-
lems, this is not just blind memorization,
for with each practice problem, she is
asked to explain why she reasons thus. The
words "think" and "tell why" occur over
and over again in each lesson.
There are many points about this book
that will appeal to instructors who teach
arithmetic.
I. The number of problems in the prac-
tice sections and in the assignments never
exceeds sixteen. This will provide sufficient
intelligent repetition to ensure that each
student attains a high level of skill and
accuracy.
2. Simplicity is stressed - accuracy and
skill are the main objectives.
3. Two well-placed review lessons could
serve as mid-term tests or exams.
4. The last lesson is composed of three
final tests designed to test the pupil's
knowledge of the entire course.
5. Answers are provided to all practice
problems, assignments, and tests.
6. Several pages at the back of the book
are left blank for special notes and memos.
7. The appendix entitled "Interesting and
Intriguing Manipulations with Numbers"
could perhaps be used as a happy climax
to the course. It attempts to prove that
numbers can be fun and relaxing!
Nurse's Guide to
dures, 2d ed.,
M.A.M.T. (ASCP)
New York, 1967.
Reviewed by Miss Evelyn Adam, instruc-
tor, Institut Marguerite d'Y ouvil/e, Mon-
treal.
Diagnostic Proce-
Ruth M. French,
313p. McGraw-Hili,
This attractive and useful little book has
been written for student and graduate
nurses alike. The author states that the
book is the result of numerous questions
from nurses. She points out that one of
the nurse's functions is to help the patient
help himself and that this type of assistance
often takes the form of intelligent answers
to a patient's questions about diagnostic
tests.
The author's long experience as a medi-
cal technologist makes her an expert on this
subject. She establishes a distinction between
her field and that of the medical techni-
cian and the laboratory technician.
The first section contains detailed infor-
mation on various laboratory tests. The
second portion deals with radiology and
radioisotope investigations. Subjects such
as pneumoencephalography and ventricu-
lography, for which nurses often consult
reference books, are mentioned only briefly.
Several diagrams and a 12-page glossary
add to the value of the book. At the end
of each chapter, the author lists additional
sources of reference, which include profes-
sional nursing journals. This encourages the
reader to make further investigations in his
particular field.
Essentials of Psychiatric Nursing, 7 ed.,
by Dorothy Mereness, R.N., Ed.D., and
Louis J. Karnosh, B.S., Sc.D., M.D. 320
pages. Saint Louis, Mosby, 1966.
Reviewed by Mrs. Mary Abt, supervisor,
inservice education, Alberta Hospital, Pon-
oka, Alberta.
The seventh edition of this text has
introduced some changes that increase its
value. Its major limitation is the omis-
sion of a consideration of the adolescent
in the psychiatric setting.
Four notable changes have been made:
1. Case reports have been developed with
emphasis on the importance of under-
standing the behavior of the patient. This
change makes the presentation more mean-
ingful to nurses. 2. A new chapter, "Be-
havior disorders occurring as a result of
aging," has been added but contains no
new concepts or material. 3. The section on
(Continued on page 52)
THE CANADIAN NURSE 51
books
(Co1l1;nued from page 51)
tranquilizers and antidepressants has been
elaborated. 4. Additions have been made
to the reference list at the end of the
chapters.
The photographs throughout the text
appear impersonal, giving the reader the
impression the nurse is uncertain and
inadequate. Despite the limitations cited
by this reviewer, the material is presented
in a manner that is easily read and
understood.
The authors appear to have achieved the
aim set forth in the preface. This is a
valuable book for students who are having
initial experience in psychiatric nursing.
Textbook of Public Health Nursing
by Ethel L. Kallins, R.N., B.S., M.P.H.,
480 pages. Washington, Mosby, 1967.
Re
';ewed by Miss Louise S. Brown, as-
sistant professor, University of Western
Ontario Scllool of Nursing, London,
Ontario.
This book is intended to assist the public
health nurse to discern causal relationships
and their effect on disease and health. The
text is divided into five main sections: the
need for public health; basic public health
services in the community; newer public
health services; organization and adminis-
tration of public he.1lth services; and the
public health nurse on the interdisciplinary
team. In sections two and three, the role
of the public health nurse is given special
emphasis at the completion of each section.
In section five, the author devotes 25 pages
to the public health nurse in the home
and discusses the formulation of a plan,
appraisal of family needs, setting of goals
and evaluation of progress. Some attention
is given to interviewing and counseling
and nurse-patient interaction. This section
also deals with public health nursing super-
vision and the education of public health
personnel to meet future needs, and ends
with a brief chapter on public health in
the space age.
Although the author states in her preface
that the book is not intended as a com-
pendium of all known facts in the science
of public health, the whole field of public
health has been surveyed. The text does
provide a description of public health ser-
vices in the world and most particularly
in the United States.
The guidelines and principles for public
health nursing that the author provides
are in the fonn of outlines of the role of
the public health nurse and in the discus-
sion of the nursing care plans, evaluation
process, and nurse-patient interaction in
section five. The largest part of the text
52 THE CANADIAN NURSE
is devoted to the historical development of
the several special fields in public health.
As well, the author demonstrates the appli-
cation of the problem-solving process in
these fields.
This text will be welcome as another
addition to reference and resource mat-
erials on public health for nursing prac-
titioners and students.
What's What for Children (4th ed.),
Eve Kassirer (ed), for The Citizens' Com-
mittee on Children. 96p. Beauregard
Press, Ottawa, 1967.
This unique handbook or directory has
been designed to inform parents of some
of the criteria experts use in making selec-
tions of children's cultural materials, and
why. More specifically it was designed to
help parents select a good record, book,
toy, art material, and so on, for the right
stage and interest of his child. Each section
of this book, which was first published in
1952, has a short introduction followed by
selected listings with commentaries. These
listings are followed by the name of the
publisher or manufacturer, in some cases
along with approximate price.
Its publication has been the centennial
project of the Citizens' Committee on
Children, an Ottawa - based organization.
Edited by Mrs. Eve Kassirer, the book is
the result of recent research, most of it
previously unpublished. It contains the find-
ings, opinions, and recommendations of 20
Canadian authorities in different fields.
Topics range from toy buying, music for
the preschool child, music discs for children
child art, creative drama, children's books:
French for children, to an article on Family
Life Education. The forthcoming centennial
edition is the book's fourth and the editor
has kept in mind that previous editions were
used extensively by teachers, doctors, social
and recreational workers, educators, manu-
facturers and retailers, as well, of course,
as the parents for whom it was originally
intended.
Mrs. Polly Hill, Director of the Chil-
dren's Creative Centre, Expo 67, has written
the introduction and is a member of the
editorial board. Because of this link "What's
What For Children" will be sold at the
Canadian Pavilion as well as directly from
the committee.
films
St. John Ambulance
The Order of St. John has announced a
new film on its history and work, titled
St. John Ambulance in Canada. The 15-
minute, black-and-white or color presenta-
tion was released for general distribution in
Canada in April of this year
Sequences on home nursing and prepara-
tion of nursing assistants would interest
most nursing groups. The film may be bor-
rowed from almost any branch of St. John
Ambulance, or from the head office, Box
88, Tenninal A, Ottawa 2.
Give A Good Injection
Techniques of Parenteral Administration,
an excellent film on nursing arts, demon-
strates proper methods of selecting sites and
of giving injections. The American Nurses'
Association and the National League for
Nursing supplied consultants for the film,
which was produced by Becton, Dickinson
and Company.
The 26-minute film, in color, shows in-
tradennal. subcutaneous, intramuscular, and
intravenous injection procedures. The meth-
od of selecting the dorsal gluteal (buttock)
site is poorly done, but demonstration of
the ventral gluteal (hip) injection area
would help clarify use of this site. A third
injection area on the thigh is also shown.
Animated drawings show anatomical detail
well so that basic principles c:m be readily
understood.
The intravenous methods show ways of
taking blood samples and of starting IV
solutions.
The film would be especially valuable
to students learning to give injections, but
would also be valuable in refresher courses
and possibly in inservice education pro-
grams. There are one or two rather unpro-
fessional scenes - in one a technician
wears blood-red nail polish - but on the
whole it is a first-class film.
Becton, Dickinson Company, 2464 South
Sheridan Way, Clarkson, Ontario will loan
the film to interested nursing groups.
Filmstrip
If you use filmstrips, a new one prepared
for maternity nurses might be helpful. The
Positive Link, produced by Hollister Incor-
porated, shows how their identification
bracelets should be used for proper mother-
baby identification.
The filmstrip runs 14 minutes and is ac-
companied by a recorded commentary. If
your hospital uses the Hollister Ident-A-
Band, the filmstrip would be useful for
student groups and for inservice education.
Information about loan or purchase may be
obtained from the Hollister representative.
Prize-winning Films
Two Canadian films of interest to nurses
recently won United States prizes for film
excellence.
Growing Up Safely, produced by the Ma-
ternal and Child Health Division of the
Department of National Health and Wel-
fare, received the U.S. National Safety
Council award in the Home Safety cate-
gory.
The Third Eye, produced by Robert An-
derson Associates for Smith Kline & French
JULY 1967
Laboratories, won the Chris A ward given
each year by the Film Council of Greater
Columbus (Ohio).
Both these films are excellent teaching
tools, and would be of real value to nurses.
Il
accession list
Publications in this list of material receiv-
ed recently in the CNA library are shown
in language of source. The majority (refer-
ence materia1 and theses, indicated by R,
excepted) may be borrowed by CNA mem-
bers, and by libraries of hospitals and
schools of nursing and other institutions.
Requests for loans should be made on the
"Request Form for Accession List" (page
55) and should be addressed to: The Li-
brary, Canadian Nurses' Association, SO The
Driveway. Ottawa 4, Ontario.
BOOKS AND DOCUMENTS
1. ANA clinical sessions, /966 San Fran-
cisco. New York, Appleton-Century-Crofts,
1967. 272p. R
2. Annotated guide to health instruction
materials in Canada. 2d ed. Ottawa, Can-
adian Health Education Specialists Society,
1967. 10Sp. R
3. An annotated list of the legislative acts
concerning higher education in Ontario
compiled by Robin S. Harris. Toronto,
Innis College, University of Toronto, 1966.
79 p.
4. A book of French quotations with
English translations compiled by Norbert
Guterman. Garden City, N.Y., Anchor
Books, 1965, c1963. 474p. R
S. The careful writer; a modern guide to
English usage by Theodore M. Bernstein.
New York, Atheneum, 1965. 487p. R
6. Compendium of pharmaceuticals and
specialties (Canada) /967. 3d ed. Toronto,
Canadian Pharmaceutical Association, 1967.
820p. R
7. Criteria for the appraisal of bacca-
laureate and higher degree programs in
nursing. New York, National League for
Nursing. Dept. of Baccalaureate and Higher
Degree Programs, 1967. lip.
8. The curriculum and the disciplines of
knowledge; a theory of curriculum practice
by Arthur R. King and John A. Brownell.
New York, Wiley, c1966. 221p.
9. Design with type by Carl Dair. Toron-
to, University of Toronto Press, 1967.
I 62p. R
10. Developing the art of understanding
by Margaret Anne Johnson. New York,
Springer, c1967, 230p.
II. The development and enforcement of
the collective agreement by C.H. Curtis.
Kingston, Industrial Relations Centre,
Queen's University, 1966. II Sp.
12. Le dictionnaire des citations du mon-
JULY 1967
de entier; jeux de lettres de Lucien Meys
par Karl Petit. Verviers, Belgique, Gérard.
cI960.478p. R
13. A digest of provincial labor laws
governing municipal and provincial em-
ployees in Canada by Richard L. Salik.
Chicago, Public Personnel Association,
c1966. I07p.
14. Education for the health professions;
a comprehensive plan for comprehensive
care to meet New York's needs in an age
of change. Report of New York State
Committee on Medical Education, Albany,
N.Y., New York State Education Dept.,
1963. 114p.
IS.Education for nursing practice. Report
of the 1966 Arden House Conference. Al-
bany, N.Y., New York State Nurses' Asso-
ciation, 1966. S2p.
16. Essentials for patients' libraries; a
guide. New York, United Hospital Fund
of New York, c1966. 103p.
17. Everyman's United Nations. 7th ed.
New York, United Nations, 1964. 638p. R
18. Guide for in-service education of
nursing personnel by Ingrid Hämelin. Gen-
eva, World Hea1th Organization, 1967.
S4p.
19. Guidelines for research in clinical
nursing by Lorna W. Thigpen. New York,
National League for Nursing, Division of
Nursing Education, 1967. 32p.
20. The hospital people; a report by Blue
Cross. Chicago, Blue Cross Association,
1967. 8Op.
21. How to run more effective business
meetings by B.Y. Auger. London, Business
Communications Division, 3M Co., c1964.
IS7p.
22. Laws affecting nurses' economic
security. New York, American Nurses' As-
sociation, Economic Security Unit., 1967.
Iv. (loose-leaf).
23. Leading ladies Canada by Jean Ban-
nerman. Dundas, Ont., Carrswood, 1967.
332p. R
24. The legacy of Nightingale; a consider-
ation of some of the problems of nurs-
ing staff in Welsh hospitals today by Anne
Crichton and Marion P. Crawford. Cardiff,
Wa1es, Welsh Hospital Board, Welsh Hos-
pital Staff Committee, 1966. 140p.
2S. Le malade mental, Ie travail et la
société. Rapport du colloque, 8-9 novembre
1966. Rédaction Jean-Marc Bordeleau et B.
Baston Gravel. Montréal, Hôpital Saint-
Jean-de-Dieu, 1967. 211p.
26. Medical and nursing dictionary and
encyclopaedia 13th ed. by Evelyn Pearce.
London, Faber, 19666. S78p. R
27. The nurse consultant and nursing
service in hospitals and nursing homes.
Papers presented at the conference held in
New York, N.Y. Nov. 8-10, 1965. New
York, National League for Nursing. Dept.
of Hospital Nursing Service, 1967. SSp. R
28. Operation decision: community plan-
ning for nursing in the west, annual con-
(Continued on page 54)
Obtain
a better
understanding
of medical
terminology
Just published!
Young-Barger
LEARNING MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
STEP BY STEP
. More than 3500 terms
. More than 500 abbreviations
and symbols
. 340 pages
. 39 illustration s
MONEY BACK GUARANTEE
The C. V. Mosby Company. Ltd.
86 Northline Road
Toronto 16. Ontario
Please send me a copy of Y Dung-Borger,
LEARNING MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY STEP
BY STEP. priced at $8.10 on 30.doy
approval.
o Bill m. 0 Payment enclosed. (Some
return privilege.)
RN
Address
City
Province
Zone
CN 767
FOR CLEVELAND
and Mt. Sinai Hospital where
nurses earn $500 a month be-
ginning salaries and where
there are challenging job and
educational opportunities. This
532-bed teaching institution is
located in the center of the
city's cultural and educational
activities. For more informa-
tion, write to Nurse Recruiter,
Dept. CEo
THE MT. SINAI
HOSPITAL OF CLEVELAND
University Circle. Cleveland. Ohio .44106
THE CANADIAN NURSE 53
accession list
ference of the Western Region Council of
State Leagues for Nursing. Las Vegas, Nev.,
Jan. 16-18, 1967. New York, National
League for Nursing, 1967. 50p.
29. The Penguin dictionary of quotations
by J.M. Cohen and MJ. Cohen. Harmonds-
worth, Middlesex, Penguin Books, c1960.
663p.
30. Proceedings of work conference on
survey techniques for school visitors, Kan-
sas City, Jan. 28-Feb. 1, 1964. New York,
American Nurses' Association, Committee
of State Boards of Nursing, 1964. 217p.
31. Prophylaxie des maladies transmis-
.tibles à l'homme. 10ième ed. New York,
Amer. HIth Association. 1965; Adaptation
française. Ottawa, Ministère de la Santé
nationale et du Bien-être social, 1966. 359p.
32. Quo Vadis School of Nursing, Tor-
onto Report, 1966/67. Toronto, 1967. 21p.
33. The research process in nursing by
David J. Fox and Ruth Lundt Kelly with
a foreward by Lucille Notter. New York,
Appleton-Century-Crofts, c1967. 611.
34. The standard periodical directory
/967. 2d ed. New York, Oxbridge,. 1967.
1019p. R
35. State approved schools of nursing
-
}.
'(
R.N. meeting minimum requirements set by
law and board rules in the various juris-
dictions /967. 25th ed. New York, National
League for Nursing. Research and Studies
Service, 1967. 107p.
36. Writing book reviews by John E.
Drewry. Boston, The Writer, 1966. 230p.
PAMPHLETS
37. Accreditation in nursing; bacca-
laureate and higher degree programs. Wash-
ington, National Commission on Accredit-
ing, 1966. 5p.
38. Coût de la main-d'oeuvre au Canada.
Etude des salaires, des prix, des profits et
de la productivité. Ottawa, Congrès du Tra-
vail du Canada, 1966. 41p.
39. The importance of nursing practice
in the development of nursing theory by
Lucy H. Conant, Syracuse, N.Y., 1966. 9p.
40. Manual for hospital patients' libmries.
Vancouver, British Columbia Library Asso-
ciation. Hospital Library Committee, 1966.
lip.
41. Nursing care of the cardiac patient.
Selected papers from the Clinical Nursing
Conference, 3d, Miami Beach, Florida, Oct.
1965. New York, American Nurses' Asso-
ciation and American Heart Association,
1966. 12p.
42. The nursing process by Florence S.
Wald. New Haven, Conn., 1965. 13p.
43. Practical nursing education to-day;
report of the 1965 survey of 722 practical
nursing programs. New York, National
League for Nursing. Dept. of Practical
Nursing Programs, 1966. 33p.
44. The selecting and registering of mu-
seum materials; a guide for the small region-
al museum by Georges MacBeath. A paper
read at the Conference of New Brunswick
historical societies at Moncton, Oct. 13,
1963. Moncton, N.B., New Brunswick Mu-
seum, 19621 16p. I
45. A statment of functions and qualifi- I
cations for the practice of public health
nursing in Canada. Toronto, Canadian Pub-
lic Health Association, 1967. 34p.
46. Story of the Saskatchewan Student
Nurses' Association by Linda Long. Regina,
1967. 2p. R
47. The technical requirements of small
museums by Raymond O. Harrison. Ottawa,
Canadian Museums Associations, 1966. 27p.
48. Technique of union catalogues; a
practical guide by Silvère Willemin. Paris,
UNESCO, c1966. 26p.
49. Who is the nurse; who are the others?
an analysis of the future of nursing by
Eleanor C. Lambertsen. Albany, N.Y., New
York State Nurses' Association, 1966. 3p.
GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS
Alberta
50. Women's Cultural and Information
Bureau. Laws of interest to women of AI-
++++++++++
++++++++++
++t.+++++++
++
++++++
++++++++++
++++++++++
++++++++++
+++++
CHASE
HOSPITAL
DOLLS
For demonstrating and practicing the
newest nursing techniques . lavage and
gavage . tracheotomy and colostomy,
and their post-operation care . nasal
and otic irrigations . catheterization and
all abdominal irrigations . subcutane-
ous, intramuscular and intradermal injec-
tions . and all standard nursing procedures.
Let us tell you about the new features we
have added to this world-famous teaching
aid. Write to
M. J. CHASE Co. Inc.
Pawtucket
Turns
consume
93 times their
own weight
in excess
stomach
acid!
156 Broadway
Rhode Island
54 THE CANADIAN NURSE
think how fast they'll work
on your tummy upsets!
Laboratory tests show Tums neu-
tralize 93 times their own weight
in excess stomach acids, and that
they maintain a balanced level for
long periods, too. Tums go to work
in 4 seconds on gas, heartburn and
indigestion. And they taste pleas-
antly minty, need no water and
cost so very little. Those are the
facts. So next time your tummy
gives you a turn, give Tums a try.
They're worth their weight in gold!
4 lY
$.
IUL Y 1967
accession list
berta. Rev. Edmonton, Queen's Printer,
1967. 23 p.
Canada
51. Bureau of Statistics. Mental health
statistics. Trends in hospital care and pa-
tient characteristics, 1955-63. Ottawa,
Queen's Printer, 1966. 37p.
52. -. Tuberculosis statistics /965.
v.2 Institutional facilities, services and fi-
nances. Ottawa, Queen's Printer, 1967. 52p.
53. Conseil Economique du Canada. Vers
une amélioration de la communication entre
patrons et travai/leurs. Ottawa, Imprimeur
de la Reine, 1967 12p.
54. Dept. of Labour. Women's Bureau.
Maternity protection for women workers in
Canada by Sheila Woodsworth. Ottawa,
1967. 63p.
55. Economic Council of
Towards better communications
labour and management. Ottawa,
Printer, 1967. 12p.
56. Royal Commission on Health Ser-
vices. Sociological factors affecting recruit-
ment into the nursing profession by R.A.N.
Robson. Ottawa, Queen's Printer, 1967.
244p.
57. Special Committee on Acetylsali-
cylic Acid Poisoning. Report to the Food
Canada.
between
Queen's
and Drug Directorate, Dept. of National
Health and Welfare, Ottawa, 1967. 34p.
Nova Scotia
58. Dept. of Labour. Economics and
Research Division. Collective agreement
survey in Nova Scotia hospitals. Halifax,
1966. 30p.
Quebec
59. Commission d'Enquête sur la Santé
et Ie Bien-être social. La Commission. Qué-
bec, 1967. 4Op.
United States
60. Dept. of Interior. Bureau of Land
Management. Gobbledygook has gotta go
by John O'Hayre. Washington, U.S. Govt.
Print. Off., 1966. 113p. R
61. Dept. of Labour. Bureau of Labour
Statistics. Major collective bargaining agree-
ments; management rights and union-man-
agement co-operation. Washington, U.S.
Govt. Print. Off., 1966. 69p.
62. National Center for Health Statistics.
Health resources statistics; health manpower,
1965. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,
1966. 102p.
63. National Institute of Mental Health.
Community mental health; individual adjust-
ment or social planning. A symposium,
Ninth Inter-American Congress of Psychol-
ogy, Dec. 18, 1964, Miami, Florida. Wash-
ington, U.S. Govt. Print. Office, 1966. 82p.
64. National Institute of Neurological
Diseases and Blindness. Eye Research.
Washington, United States Government
Printing Office. 1966, 44 pages.
STUDIES DEPOSITED IN CNA
REPOSITORY CoLLECTION
65. An experimental study of two recom-
mended methods of caring for infants with
diaper dermatitis by Donna Avanell Hum-
phries. Washington, 1966. Thesis (M.N.) -
Washington, 70p. R
66. An exploratory study to identify the
mother's perception of her child's health
readiness for school by Myrna Slater. Min-
neapolis, Minn., 1966. Thesis (M.P.H.) -
Minnesota. 92p. R
67. The relation between information
given to patients and their recovery post-
operatively by Margaret E. Hooton. Mon-
treal, 1966. Thesis (M. Sc. (Applied)) -
McGill University. 47p. R
68. A study of the number, reason for
and the head nurse's feelings about patient
transfers in a psychiatric unit of a general
hospital by Evelyn Rocque. Montreal, 1963.
Thesis (M. Sc. (Applied)) - McGill Uni-
versity. 4Sp. R
69. A study of some aspects of the nurs-
ing role-image held by general staff nurses
in three hospitals by Joan M. Gilchrist.
Montreal, 1964. Thesis (M. Sc. (Applied)) -
McGill University, 97p. R
70. A study of the behavior of nursing
students during a categorization task by
Jocelyne Legris. Montreal, 1965. Thesis
(M. Sc. Appl.) McGill University. 665p. R
Request Form
for "Accession List"
CANADIAN NURSES'
ASSOCIATION LIBRARY
VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPITAL
HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA
Requires the services of Registered Nurses for all
services including operating room, recovery room,
intensive care and emergency in the newly expand-
ed eight hundred and fifty bed facilities of fhe lar-
gest general and referral hospital in the Atlantic
Provinces.
Send this coupon or facsimile to:
LIBRARIAN, Canadian Nurses' Association,
50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario.
Please lend me the following publications, listed in the
____ ___________ issue of The Canadian Nurse,
or add my name to the waiting list to receive them when
available.
Item Author Short title (for identification)
No.
Salary range for General Staff positions $360.00 -
$420.00 per month and full Civil Service benefits.
Direct inquiries to:
Director of Nurses
Request for loans will be filled in order of receipt.
Reference and restricted material must be used in the
CNA library.
Borrower
Registration No.
Position
VICTORIA CENERAL HOSPITAL
Address.
Halifax, Nova Scotia
A.5S00
Date of request ..
THE CANADIAN NURSE 55
JULY 1967
classified advertisements
ALBERTA
BRITISH COLUMBIA
DtRECTOR OF NURSING required immediately for
19.bed active treatment hospital with plans for ex-
pansion in immediate future. Residence accommoda-
tion available, MSI and Blue Crass in effect. Salary
commensurate with experience. Apply to: Administra-
tor, Manning Municipal Hospital, Manning, Alberta.
1-59-1
DIRECTOR OF NURSING required for 52-bed General
Hospital situated 125 miles eost of Edmonton. Town
situated next to Provincial Park. Suite available in
residence. Salary open. Apply to: Administrator,
Vermilion Municipal Hospital, Vermilion, Alberto.
1-90-2
Registered Nurs.. required for a 51-bed active
treatment hospital, situated in east central Alberto.
Salary range from $400 to $460 commensurate with
experience. Full maintenance in new nurses' resid-
ence for $40 per month, sick leave and pension
benefits available, 4().hour work week, 21 days plus
statutory holidays after the first year, and 28 days
plus sfatutory holidays after five years. For further
information kindly contact: W.N. Saranchuk Admin-
istrator, Elk Point, Municipal Hospital, Efk Point,
Alberto. 1-34.]
REGISTERED NURSES (3) required immediafely for
] 9-bed active treatment hospital with plans for
expansion in immediate future. Two doctors. Res-
idence available. MSI and Blue Cross in effect.
Salary $380-$450/mo. Apply to: Director of Nursing,
Manning Municipal Hospital, Manning, Alberta.
1-59-2
R.N. needed for General Duty, in 16-bed hospital,
]00 miles North of Calgary, on paved Highway.
Summer resort 16 miles. Position has opportunity
of advancement to Director of Nursing. Apply Elnora
Genera' Hospital, Elnora, Alberto. 1-35-IA
ADVERTISING
RATES
FOR ALL
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING
$10.00 for 6 lines or less
$2.00 for each additional line
Rates for display
advertisements on request
Closing date for copy and cancellation is
6 weeks prior to 1st day of publication
month.
The Canadian Nurses' Association has
not yet reviewed the personnel policies
of the hospitals and agencies advertising
in the Journal. For authentic information,
prospective applicants should apply to
the Registered Nurses' Association of the
Province in which they are interested
in working.
Address correspondence to:
The
Canadian
Nurse
b
50 THE DRIVEWAY
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO.
56 THE CANADIAN NURSE
I I
ALBERTA
Registered Nurses for General Duty in modern 30-
bed hospital in southern Alberto. Salary range
from $380 - $440 with credit for post experience.
Residence accommodation available - with main-
tenance - at $45 per month. Medical, hospital,
and pension plans in effect. Apply to: Director of
Nursing, Border Counties General Hospital, Milk
River, Alberto. 1-100.1
NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active 30-bed hospital,
recently constructed building. Town on main line of
the C.P.R. and on Number I highway, midway
between the cities of Calgary and Medicine Hot.
Nurses on .taff must be willing and able to toke re-
sponsibility in all departments of nursing, wi.h the
exceptions of the Operating Room. Recently renovated
nurses. residence with all single rooms situated On
hospital grounds. Apply to: Mrs. M. Hislop, Adminis-
trator and Director of Nursing, BOlsana General Hos-
pital, Bosso no, Alberto. 1-5.1
Gen..al Duty Nurses for active, accredited, well-
equipped 64-bed hospital in growing town, population
3,500. Salaries range from $380-$440 commensurate
with experience, other benefits. Nurses residence.
Excellent personnel policies and working conditions.
New modern wing opened this year. Good commu-
nications to large nearby cities. Apply Director of
Nursing, Brooks General Hospital, Brooks, Alberto.
1-13-IB
GENERAL DUTY NURSES - Salary range - $4,320
to $5,460 per annum, 40 hour week. Modern living-
in facilities available at moderate rates, if desired.
Civil Service holiday, sick leave and pension bene-
fits. Starting salary commensurate with training
and experience. Apply to; Superintendent of Nurses,
Baker Memorial Sanatorium, Box 72, Calgary,
Alberto. 1-14-3 A
General Duty Nurs.. for lOO.bed hospital located
close to Edmonton. Salary $380-$450 per month.
Apply: Sister M. Cecilia, Director of Nursing, St.
Mary's Hospital, Com rose, Alberto. 1-15.3
GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 94-bed General Hos-
pital located in Alberto's unique 8adlands. $380.
$440 per month, approved AARN and AHA per-
sonnel policies. Apply to: Miss M. Hawkes, Director
of Nursing, Drumheller General Hospital, Drumhel-
ler, Alberto. 1-31-2A
General Duty Nurses for 64-bed active treatment
hospital, 35 miles south of Calgary. Salary range
$380 - $450. Living accommodation available in sep-
arate residence if desired. Full maintenance in
residence $45.00 per month. Excellent Personnel
Policies and working conditions. Please apply to:
The Director of Nursing, High River General Has.
pital, High River, Alberto. 1-46-1 A
General Duty Nunes (2) required for Modern Active
Treatment 27-bed hospital. Accommodation available
in new nurses' residence. Town is situated 17 miles
from Jasper Notional Pork. Salary scale $380-$450
per month, plus recognition for experience. For
further information contact: Director of Nursing, HIN-
TON MUNICIPAL HOSPITAL, Hinton, Alberto. 1-47-1
GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Modern 26-bed hospital
close to Edmonton. 3 buses doily. Salary $380 to
$450 per month commensurate with experience.
Residence available at $40.00 per month. Excellent
porsonnel policies
Apply; Director of Nursing,
Moyerrhorpe Municipal Hospital, Mayerthorpe, Al-
berta. 1-61-1
GENERAL DUTY NURSES required for 52-bed General
Hospital. Salary $380.$450 post experience recog-
nized. Shift differential for afternoons and nights.
Accommodation available in nurses' residence. Ap-
ply to: Acting Director of Nursing, Vermilion Muni-
cipal, Hospital Vermilion, Alberto. 1-9O-2A
Gen..at Duty Nunes for new SO-bed active General
Hospital situated midway between Calgary and
Edmonton on main highway. Salary range $380 to
$450 with recognition given for experience. Full
maintenance available in nurse.' residence for $45
per month. Positions available for both summer
relief and permanent employment. For further in-
formation please write to: Mrs. E. Harvie, R.N.,
Locombe General Hospital, Lacombe, Alberto.
I-SC-IA
I I
Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, B_C., invites B.C.
Registered Nurs.. (or those eligible) to apply for
positions in Medicine, Surgery and Psychiatry. Apply
to: Director of Nursing. Victoria, British Columbia.
2-76-4A
Operating Roam Hood Nurse ($464 - $552), General
Duty Nurses (B.C_ Registered $405 - $481, non-Regis-
tered $390) for fully accredited 113-bed hospital in
N.W. B.C. Excellent fishing, skiing, skating, curling
and bowling. Hot springs swimming nearby. Nurses'
residence, room $20 per month. Cafeteria meals.
Apply: Director of Nursing, Kitimat General Hospital,
Kitimat, 8ritish Columbia. :1-36-1
Registered Nurse with proven O.R. experience for
'fa time service in O.R., % time to establish in-
service training programs, for small periferal hospi-
tals. For information: Apply: Director of Nursing,
Fraser Canyon Hospital, R.R. No. I, Hope, British
Columbia. 2-30-1 A
B.C. R.N. for General Duty in 32 bed General Hospi-
tal. RNABC 1967 salary rate $390 - $466 and fringe
benefits, modern, comfortable, nurses' residence in
attractive community close to Vancouver, B.C. For
application form write: Director of Nursing, Fraser
Canyon Hospital, R.R. I, Hope, 8.C. 2-30-1
Registered or nan.registered General Duty Nurs..
and Nursing Assistants (3 required immediately)
for new 3] -bed, active treatment hospifal, located
in the South Cariboo. Personnel policies in ac-
cordance with RNABC. Nurses' residence available.
Apply in writing to: Director of Nursing, 100 Mile
District General Hospital, 100 Mile House, 8ritish
Columbia. 2-50-2
GENERAL DUTY NURSES (Two) for active 66-bed
hospital, with new hospital to open in 1968.
Active in-service programme. Salary range $390 to
$466 per month. Personnel pol icies according to
current RNA8C contract. Hospital situated in beauti-
ful East Kootenays of British Columbia, with swim-
ming, golfing and skiing facilities readily available.
Apply to: The Director of Nursing, St. Eugene Hos-
pital, Cranbrook, 8ritish Columbia. 2-15-1
Gen..al Duty Nunes for active 30.bed hospital.
RNABC policies and schedules in effect, also North-
ern allowance. Accommodotions available in re...
idence. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital,
Fort Nelson, 8ritish Columbia. 2-23-1
General Duty Nurses for modern 8S-bed hospital.
Salary $390.00 to $466.00. Recognition for experi-
ence. Industry - gas, oil and agriculture. Situated
60 miles from Peace River Dam Proiect. Apply:
Director of Nursing, Providence Hospital, Fort St.
John, B.C. 2-24-1
General Duty Nurses for new 30-bed hospital
located in excellent recreational area. Salary and
personnel policies in accordance with RNA8C. Com-
fortable Nurses' home. Apply: Director of Nursing,
Boundary Hospital, Grand Forks, 8ritish Columbia.
2-27-2
General Duty Nurses (2 immediately) for active,
26-bed hospital in the heart of the Rocky Mountains,
90 miles from Banff and Lake Louise. Accommoda-
tion available in attractive nurses' residence. Apply
giving full details of training, experience, etc. to:
Administrator, Windermere District Hospital, Inver-
mere, 8ritish Columbia. 2-31-1
GENERAL DUTY NURSES - for 109.bed hospital in
expanding Northwestern 8ritish Columbia City. Salary
$405 to $481 for 8.C. Registered Nurses with recogni-
tion for experience. RNABC contract in effect. Gradu-
ate Nurses not registered in 8.C. paid $390. Benefits
include comprehensive medical and pension plans.
Travel allowance up to $60 refunded after One
year's service. Comfortable modern residence accom-
modation at $15 per month, meals of cost. Apply to:
Director of Nursing, Prince Rupert General Hospital,
551-5th Avenue East, Prince Rupert, 8.C. 2-58.2A
GENERAL DUTY NURSES - Salary - non - B.C.
registerea $375 per month - 8.C. registered $390-
$466, depending on experience. RNA8C policies in
effect. Nurses' residence available. Group Medical
Health Plan. All winter and summer sports. Apply:
Director of Nursing, Cariboo Memorial Hospital, Wil-
liams Lake, 8ritish Columbia. 2-80-1 A
JULY 1967
diploma or degree nurse
Go South to Syracuse and See!
Youll fond fro ends at State UnIversIty
HOspItal of the Upstate MedIcal Center
at Syracuse. a modern 350-bed teaching
hospItal In the CanadIans favorote U S
City
You II also find a helpful administration.
professional level salaries (up to 56.476
to start. depending on your QualifYing
educatIon and experience)
Fine benefits. too. Eleven paid holidays.
13to 20 paid vacation days. sound three-
way health insurance plan and special
collegiate education programs.
Above all. youl1 find patient-centered
educational atmosphere in which you'll
best have the opportunity to be the kind
of nurse you want to be. and receive the
rewards you deserve.
STATE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF THE UPSTATE MEDICAL CENTER AT SYRACUSE, N. Y.
â
-------
!!
--Þâ
. @ 0 Send me full information, please .
0 I'd like to talk with you when I'm in Syracuse
7CN-67 (date) (time)
. 0 Please send me application forms .
MIss Adele WrlRht. R.N.
. Director Df NurSlnl Services Name .
State UniverSity Hospital of the Add
Upstate Medical Center at ress
S..nu.e. New Yo,'. U.S A ..21. City Province
4............1I
JULY 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 57
BRITISH COLUMBIA
GENERAL DUTY NURSES for well.equipped 48-bed
General Hospilal in Ihe Okanogan Volley. RNABC
policies in effecl. Apply la: Direclor of Nursing, 51.
Martin's Hospilal, Oliver, 8rilish Columbia. 2.50-1.
General Duly and Operaling Room Nurs.. for 70-bed
Acule General Haspilal on Pacific Coasl. B.C. Regis-
lered $390 - $466 per monlh (Credil for experience).
Non B.C. Regislered $375 - Praclical Nurses B.C. Li-
censed $273. $311 per monlh. Non Registered $253-
$28!> per monlh. Boord $20 per monlh, room $5.00 per
monlh. 20 paid holidays per year and 10 slalulory
holidays after 1 year. Fare paid from Vancouver.
Superannuation and medical plans. Apply: Director of
Nursing, St. George's Hospital, Alert Bay, British
Columbia. 2.2-1 A
General Duty O. R. and experienced Ob.tetrical
Nur.e. for moder.., 150-bed ho.pilal localed in Ihe
beautiful Fraser Valley. Personnel policies in aC-
cordance wilh RNABC. Apply 10: Director of Nursing,
Chilliwack General Hospilol, Chilliwack, 8rili.h Co.
lumbia. 2-13-1
General Duty. Operating Room and Experienced
Ob.tetrical Nurs.. for 434-bed haspilal wilh .choal
of nursing. Salary: $372-$444. Credil for past ex.
perience and postgraduate training. 40-hr. wk. Stat-
utory holidays. Annual increments; cumulative sick
leave; pension plan; 28-days annual vacation; B.C.
registration required. Apply: Director of Nursing,
Royal Columbian Ho
ital, New Westminster. British
Columbia. 2-73-13
General Duty and experienced Operating Room
Nur.e for 54.bed aclive hospilal in northweslern B.C.
1967 salaries: 8.C. Regislered $405, General Duly
8.C. Non-Registered, $390, RNABC personnel policies
in effect. Planned rotation. New residence, room and
board: $50 1m. T.V. and good social aclivilies.
Write: Director of Nursing, Box 1297, Terrace, British
Columbia. 2-70-2
General Duty and Operafing Room Nur.e. for
modern 450-bed hospilal wilh School of Nursing.
RNABC policies in effecl. Credil for past experience
and postgraduaTe training. British Columbia registra.
tion required. For particulars write to: the Director of
Nursing Service, ST. Joseph's Hospital, Victoria, British
Columbia. 2-76-5
GRADUATE NURSES for 24.bed hospilal, 35-mi. from
Vancouver, on coast, salary and personnel prac.
tices in accord with RNABC. Accommodation availa.
ble. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospilal,
SQuamish, 8ritish Columbia. 2.68.1
MANIT08A
A..i.tant Director of Nur... for an active 33-bed
hospital situated on number one highway. Enqui.
ries should include experience, qualifications and
salary expected. Personnel policies will be sent on
requesl. Apply to: Mrs. L.I. Walton, Virden Dislrict
Hospital, Box 400, Virden, Maniloba. 3-67-1
Regi.tered Nurse: Required for SO.bed general hospilal
in Fort Churchill, Maniloba. Slarling salary $500 per
month. Return fare from Winnipeg refunded after one
year's service. Far particulars write to: Director of
Nursing, General Hospital, Fort Church;.., Manitoba.
3.75-1
Registered Nur.e: Position available, effective as SOOn
as possible, al GLEN80RO HOSPITAL a 16-bed
hoopilal, located 100 mile. wesl of Winnipeg on
No. 2 Highway. Excellenf residence accommodalion
available. Slarling salary January I, 1967 - $395
per month. Increments allowed for experience. Per.
sonnel Policy Manual and application forms on
request wilh no obligation. Plea.e forward all en-
qUIries to: Mr. S. A. Oleson, Box 130, Glenboro,
Maniloba. Telephone No. 115 or No. 17. 3.28-1 A
Regist.red Nurse and Licenled Practical Nurle requir-
ed for 10-bed ho.pilal, 65 miles from Winnopeg,
i.. the Whileshell resorl area. Salary range R.N.
$405-$480; L.P.N. $275-$310. Consideralion given for
past experience. Resident accommodation. For further
infarmation address enquiries to: Mrs. J. Everson,
Malron, Whitemoulh Di"rict HOlpitol, Whilemoulh,
Maniloba. 3-70-2
Regiltered Nur.e. and Llcenled Practical Nurs...
required for 21.bed hOlpital 01 Rossburn, Manilaba.
Salary: R.N.'I.$395.$480, L.P.N.'.-$275.$315. Good
personnel pollclel. For furlher Information conlact
(Mrs.) A. M. SIlt!, D.O.N./ ROllburn Modlcal Nurs.
'nil Unll, ROllburn, Manlloca. 3-49.1
58 THE CANADIAN NURSE
I I
MANITOBA
Regi.tered Nurse' for 18-bed hospital at Vito Manitoba,
70 miles from Winnipeg. Doily bu. service. Salary
range $390 - $475, wilh allowance for experience.
.cO hour week, 10 stalutory holidays, 4 weeks paid
vacation after one year. Full maintenance available
for $50 per month. Apply: Malron, Vito Districl
Hoopilal, Vita, Maniloba. 3-6B.1
REGISTERED NURSES for General Duty in 20-bed
Hospilal. Solary range $405 10 $490 per monlh. liv-
ing accommodations available. Generous Personnel
Pol icies. Apply to: Direclor of Nursing, Reston Com-
munily Hospilal, Reston, Maniloba. 3-46-2 A
NOVA SCOTIA
Ca.e Room Supervi.or wanled for III-bed Maler-
nily Hospilol. Apply: Direclor of Nursing, Grace
Malernily Hospilal, Halifax, Novo SCalia. 6-17-3
Regi,'ered and Graduale Nurse. for General Duty.
New hospital with all modern conveniences, also,
new nurses' residence available. South Shore Com.
munity. Apply to: Superinlendanl, Queen. General
Hospilal, Liverpool, Novo Scalia. 6-20-1
Regi.tered Nurse. for 21-bed hospilal in pleasanl
community - Eastern Shore af Nava Scalia. Apply:
Superintendent, Eastern Shore Memorial Hospital,
Sheel Harbour, Novo Scalia. 6-32-1
GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Posilions available for
Regislered Qualified General Duty Nurses for 138-
bed active treatment hospital. Residence accom-
modation available. Applications and enquiries will
be received by:: Director of Norsing, Blanchard-Fraser
Memorial Hospilal, Kentville, Novo Scalia. 6-19-1
ONTARIO
A..i,'ant Director of Public Health Nursing for ex-
panding Health Unil, generalized program in Wei-
land County. Duties to commence at mutual conve.
nience, salary open, usual allowances and fringe
benefils. Apply 10: Direclor, Weiland and Districl
Heallh Unil, King Street 01 Faurlh, Weiland, Onlario.
7.141.2
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING SUPERVISOR - Applica-
tions sought for supervisory positions with Sudbury
and District Health Unil. Requires D,ploma in ad-
vanced Publ ic Heallh Nur.ing and Supervi.ion or
Baccalaureate degree with administration. For details
apply: The Director, Sudbury and Dislrict Heallh
Unil, SO Cedar Slreel, Sudbury, Ontario. 7-127-58
Assistant Supervisor, Public Health Nursing, for ac-
tive, progressive Health Unit, with generalized pro-
grams. A challenging opportunity for creative per.
son wilh good knowledge of Public Health nursing.
Considerable experience in this field essential, and
course in Administration or Degree desirable. Year
round sports paradise and seat of progressive Uni.
versily and Communily College. Apply: Direclor,
ForI William and Districl Health Unit, 900 Arthur
Slreel, ForI William, Onlario. 7-47.4
Registered Nurses. Applications and enqultles are
inviled for general dUly po.itions on Ihe slaff of Ihe
Manilouwadge General Hospilal. Excellenl salary
and fringe benefils. Liberal policie. regarding ac-
commodation and vacation. Modern well.equipped
33-bed hospilal in new mining lawn, about 250-mi.
easl of PorI Arlhur and norlh-wesl of While River,
Ontario. Pop. 3,500. Nurses' residence comprises indi.
vIdual self.contained apts. Apply, stating qualifica.
tions, experience, age, marital status, phone number,
etc. to the Administrator, General Hospital, Mani-
louwadge, Onlario. Phone 826-3251 7-74.1 A
Regi.tered Nur.e.: Ba.ic .alary $400 per mon'h, and
full mainlenance $45/m. Supervisory advancemenl
opportunities. Resident accommodations available;
Hospilol .iluoled in 'auri., lown off lake Huron.
For further information write: Superintendent, Sou-
geen Memorial Hospital, Southampton, Ontario.
7.122-1
REGtSTERED NURSES required immedlalely for 53.
bed ho.pilal. Minimum lalary $415. Three week.
vocal ion, pen.lon, life and medical Inluranco, 8
stolutory holiday., 40 hour week. Air rail and rood
communlcallon. Norfhern ho.pltallfY. Äppl y fO. Dlrec.
lor of NUTle., Porcuplno Genoral HOlpllal, Soulh
Porcupine, Onl. 7.123.1
I I
ONTARIO
Regi.tered Nurs.. for 34-bed hospital, min. .alary
$415 with regular annual increments to maximum
of $495. 3-wk. vacalion wilh pay; sick leave afler
6-mo. service. All Slaff - 5 day 40-hr. wk., 9
slalulary holiday., pension plan and of her benefil..
Apply 10: Superinlendenl, Engleharl & Diltrict Has-
pilal, Engleharl, Onlario. 7-40-1
REGISTERED NURSES required for 100-bed hospilal in
Ihe Model Town of Ihe North. All usual fringe
benefils available and a limiled amount of living-in
accommodation. Salary range for general duty nurses
$415 . $485 depending on qual ificalion. and ex-
perience. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Sensenbren-
ner Hospital, Kapuskasing, Ontario. 7-62.1
REGISTERED NURSES (IMMEDIATELY) for a new 40.
bed hospital. Nurses' residence - private raoms with
balh - $20 per month. Minimum salary $415 plus
experience allowance, 4 semi.annual increments.
Reply 10: The Director of Nursing, Geraldlon Districl
Ho.pilal, Geraldlon. Onlario. 7.50-1 A
Registered Nur.... for 1B-bed [expanding 10 36 bed)
General Hospital in Mining and Resorl town of 5,000
people. Beautifully located on Wawa Lake, 140 miles
norlh of Soull Sle. Marie, Ontaria. Wide variely of
summer and winter sports including swimming, boat...
ing, fishing, golfing, skating, curling and bowlinga
Six churches of differenl failhs. Salaries comparable
with all norlhern ho.pitals. Limiled bed and board
available at reasonable rate. Excellenl personnel
policies, pleasant working condilion.. HEAD NURSE
wilh some formal preparalion and/or adequate ex-
perience. Apply 10: Direclor of Nursing, The Lady
Dunn General Hospilal, Box 179, Wawa, Ontario.
7-140.18
Regi.tered Nur.... and Regi.tered Nursing A..i.tants
(immediately) for 32-bed hospilal in narthwestern
Ontario. Please apply to: Director af Nursing, Ali-
kokan General Hospilal, Atikokan, Onlario. 7-5-1
Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistant.
for 100-bed General Hospilal, silualed in Northern
Onlorio. Salary range $415 - $455 per monlh, RNA's
$273 - $317 per month, shift differential, annual
incremenls, 40 hour week, OHSC and P.S.I. plans in
effect. Accommodation available in residence if
desired. For full particulars apply 10: The Direclor
of Nurses, Lady Minto Hospital, Cochrane, Ontarioa
7-30.18
Regi.tered Nurses and Regi.tered Nur.ing Ani.tant.
are invited to make application to our 75-bed,
modern General Hospilal. You will be in Ihe Vaca-
lionland of Ihe Norlh, midway between the lakehead
and Winnipeg, Manitoba. Basic wage for Registered
Nurses is $408 and for Regislered Nursing As.istanls
is $285 with yearly increments and consideration for
experience. Write or phone: The Director of Nursing,
Dryden Dislricl General Hospital, DRYDEN, Ontaria.
7-26-1 A
Regi.tered Nur.e. and Registered Nur.ing A..i.tant.
for 160.bed accrediled hospilal. Slarling .alary $415
and $285 respeclively wilh regular annual incre-
ments for both. Excellent personnel policies. Resid.
ence accommodation available. Apply 10: Direclor af
Nursing, Kirkland & Districl Hospilal, Kirkland lake,
Onlario. 7-67.1
Regi.tered Nurs.. and Registered Nur.ing A..i.tants
for 123.bed accrediled hospilal. Slarting .alary $400
and $255 respectively wilh regular increments for
bolh. Usual fringe benefils. For full informalion,
apply 10: Direclor of Nursing, Dufferin Area Has.
pital, Orangeville, Onlaria. Phone 941-2410. 7-90-1
Registered Nur.... and Regiltered Nuraing A..i.tant.
required for 215.bed accrediled hospilal. For salary
rates and personnel policie. apply to: Direclor of
Nursing, Norfolk General Ho.pilal, Simcoe, Onl.
7-118-1
Regiltered Nur... and Regi.tered Nuraing A..istants.
Slarling Salary for R.N. i. $415 and for R.N.A. is $300.
Allowance for experience. Excellenl fringe benefil',
Write: Mr. G. Gordon, Superinlendent, Nipigon Di.-
!ficf Memorial Hospilal, 80x 37, Nipigan, Onlario.
7-87-1
Registered Nur.e and Registered Nur.ing As.l.tant.
in modern loo-bed ho.pilal, .ilualed 40 mile. from
Ollawa. Excellenf peTlonnel policiel. Relidence
accommodalion available. Apply 10: Director of
Nur.ing, Smilhl Falls Public Ho.pifal, Smilh. Fall.,
Onlario. 7.120.2A
Revillered or Graduato Nune., required for modern
92-bed hOlpllal. R...ldence accommodallon $20 monlh-
1'1'. Oversea. nurse. welcome. Lovoly old ScoWlh
Town near Ollawa. Apply. Director of Nursing, The
GreClf War Memorial HOlpllal, Porlh, Ontario. 7.100.2
JULY 1967
CANADA'S INDIANS
NEED YOUR
AND ESKIMOS
HELP
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES
REGISTERED HOSPITAL NURSES
CERTIFIED NURSING ASSISTANTS
HAVE YOU CONSIDERED
A CAREER
WITH
MEDICAL SERVICES
DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE
for further information. write to:
MEDICAL SERVICES DIRECTORATE
DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE
OTTAWA, CANADA
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR
OF NURSING
Applications are invited for the
above position in a fully ac-
credited l63-bed General Hos-
pital in beautiful Northern On-
tario.
Desirable qualifications should
include B.S.N. Degree with ex-
perience in supervision.
For further information,
Write to:
Director of Nursing
KIRKLAND and DISTRICT HOSPITAL
Kirkland Lake, Ontario.
JULY 1967
VICTORIA HOSPITAL
LONDON, ONTARIO
Modern l,OOO-bed hospital
Requires
Registered Nurses for
all services
and
Registered
Nursing Assistants
40 hour week - Pension plan
- Good salaries and Personnel
Policies.
Apply:
Director of Nursing
VICTORIA HOSPITAL
London, Onto
ST. JOSEPH'S
HOSPITAL
HAMIL TON,
ONTARIO
A modern, progressive hospital,
located in the centre of Ontario's
Golden Horseshoe-
invites applications for
GENERAL STAFF
NURSES
and
REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS
Immediate openings are avail-
able in Operating Room, Psy-
chiatry, Intensive Care - Coro-
nary Monitor Unit, Obstetrics,
Medical, Surgical and Paediatrics.
For further information write to:
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
Hamilton, Ontario
THE CANADIAN NURSE 59
r
ONTARIO
General StaH Nurses and Registered NUriing Assis.
tants are required for a modern, well-equipped General
Hospital currenlly expanding to 167 beds. Situated in
(;I progressive community in South Western Ontario, 30
miles from Windsor-Detroit 80rder. Salary scalea to
experience and qualifications. Excellent employee
benefits and working conditions plus an opportunity
10 work in a Patient Cenlered Nursing Service. Write
for further information to: Miss Patricia McGee, B.
Sc.N., Reg_N. Direclor of Nursing, Leamington District
Memorial Hospital, Leamington, Ontario. 7-69.1 A
Registered Nurs.. for General Duty in well-equipped
28-bed hospital, localed in growing gold mining
and tourist area, north of Kenora, Ontaric. Modern
residence with individual roomSi room, board and
uniform laundry only $5O/m, 40-hr. wk., no Iplit Ihiff,
cl..mulorive sick time, 8 statutory holidays and 28
day paid vacation after one year. Starting salary
$430. Apply to: Matron, Margarel Cochenour Memo-
roal Hospllal, Cochenour, Onlario. 7-29-1
REGISTERED NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active
accrediled well equipped 28-bed hospital. 30 miles
from Ottawa. Residence accommodation. Good per...
sonnel policies. Apply to: Administratrix, Kemplville
Dislrict Hospilal, Kemplville, Ontaria. 7-63-1
Regiltered NUrlel for General Duty for l66-bed
chest hospital. Residence accommodation, salary
commensurate with experience and ability. Apply
to: Director of Nursing, Niagara Peninsula Sana-
torium, Box t5B, St. Catharines, Ontario. 7-111-2
REGISTERED NURSES required FOR GENERAL DUTY in
a modern fully accredited 300.bed hospilal. Excellenl
working conditions, good personnel policies, 40 hour
week, 9 statutory holidays, 3 weeks annual vaca-
lion. Apply giving full particulars to: Personnel
Direclor, General HOlpital, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario.
7.115-1
Registered Nur... for General Duty in lOO-bed hos-
pitol, localed 30-mi. from Oltawa, are urgently re-
quired. Good personnel policies, accommodation
available in new staff residence. Apply: Direclor of
Nursing, District Memorial Hospital, Winchester, On-
lario_ 7-144-1
Regiltered Nurses for General StaH and Operating
Room. Accredited 235-bed, modern, General Hospilal.
Good personnel policies. Beginning latary $400 per
month, recognition for experience, annual bonus plan.
Planned in
service programs. Assistance with trans-
porlatian. Apply: Direclor of Nursing, Sudbury Me-
morial Hospilal, Regent Street,S., Sudbury, Onlario.
7-127-4 A
General Duty Nu.... for 66-bed General Haspital.
5tarling salary: $405/m. Excellent personnel policies.
Pension plan, life insurance, etc., residence accom-
modalion. Only 10 min. from downlown 8uffalo.
Apply: Direclor of Nursing, Douglas Memorial Hos-
pilal, ForI Erie, Onlario. 7-45-t
General Duty Nu.... for active General 77-bed Hos-
pital in hearl of MUlkoka Lakes area: salary range
$400 - $460 with consideration for previoul experience;
excellent personnel policies and fringe benefits:nurses'
residence available. Apply to: Director of Nursing,
HU
lsvilie Dislrict Memorial HOlpilal, Huntsville, On-
laroo. 7-59-1
General Duty Nurses for 100-bed modern hOlpilal.
Southwestern Ontario, 32 mi. from London. Salary
commensurate with experience and ability; $398/m
basic salary. Pension plan. Apply giving full par-
'Iculan to: The Director of Nunes, District Memorial
Hospital, Tilisonburg, Onlario. 7.131-1
General Duty Nur.es, Certified Nu..ing ASliltantl &
Operating Room Technician (I) for new 50-bed hOI-
pital with modern equipment, 4()..hr. wk., 8 statutory
holidays, excellenl personnel policies & opportunity
for advancement. Tourist town on Georgian Bay.
Good bus connections to Toronto. Apply 10: Director
of Nurses, General Hospilal, Meaford, Ontario. 7.79.1
OPERATING ROOM NURSES (2) for a fully ac-
crediled 70-bed General Wospilol. For Operating
Room Duty. Salary according to experience. Apply to:
O.R. Supervisor, Penetanguilhene General HOlpital,
Pen-tanguishene, Ontario. 7
99-2
Public Health Nur.. for active, progrelSive Health
Unit with generalized programme. Salary $5200-
$6500 per annum; four week.' vacation after one
year; ulual employee benefils. Apply ta Supervisor
of Public Health Nu..ing, Fort William and Dis-
trict Health Unit, 900 Arthur Street, Fort William,
Onlaria. 7-47-4
Public Health Nur,," for Health Unit in Northern
Onlario. Generalized Program. Good lalary and
personnel policies. Apply: Supervisor of Nu..es,
Porcupine Heallh Unit, Timminl, Ontario. 7-132-2
60 THE CANADIAN NURSE
I I
ONTARIO
Qualified Public Health Nu.... required for expand.
ing generalized program in leading resort area.
At1roctive salary ranges, fringe benefits, and travel
allowance. For full deloils please contact: W. H.
Bennett, M.D., D.P.H., Medical Officer of Health,
Muskoka and District Health Unit, Bax 1019, 8race-
bridge, Ontario. 7-15-2
Public Health Nur,," - General program, salary
range $5,030 ta $6,148 plus COlt of living bonus,
presently 3%. Starting salary related to experience.
Generous car allowance, cumulative sick leave
month vacation. Employer shared O.M.E.R.S. and
Canada Pension Plan, medical and hospital insurance.
Apply 10: Dr. E.G. 8rown, M.O.H., Kent County
Health Unit, Chatham, Ontario. 7-24.4
Public Health Nun.. (qualified). Salary $5,100.
$6,350. Car allowance, employer-Ihared OMERS
Penlion Plan, Hospilol, Surgical and Medical Plans,
Group Life Plan, sick leave credits, 4 weeks' vaca-
tian and other benefits. Apply to: Mr. A.F. Stewart,
Secretary-Treasurer, Wentworlh County Health Unil,
Court House, Hamilton, Onlario. 7-55.14
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES for scenic urban and rural
heallh unit, close to Ihe Capital Cily in the Upper
Oltawa Valley Tourisl Area. Good summer and
winter recreational facilities. Personnel policies pre-
sently under review. Direct enquir
es to: Dr. R.V.
Pelers, Director, Renfrew Counly Health Unil, 169
William Slreel, Pembroke, Ontario. 7-98-2 A
Public Health Nurses for generalized programme in
a County-City Health Unit. Salary schedule $5,400
to $6,600 per annum. 20 days vacalion. Employer
shared pension plan, P.S.I. and hospitalization.
Mileage allowance or unit cars. Apply to: Miss
Veronica O'Leary, Supervisor of Public Health Nurs-
ing, Peterborough Counly-City Heallh Unit, P.O.
Box 246, Peterborough, Ontario. 7-10I-4A
Public Health Nu..es for expanding Health Unit,
generalized program, in Weiland County, duties to,
C!,)mmence at mutual convenience. For personnel
pol icies, salaries and other information. Apply to:
Director, Weiland and Dillrict Heallh Unit, King
Slreet al Fourlh, Weiland, Ontario. 7-141-2 A
Vacancies for StaH Public Health Nurse.. Salary
range $5,207 10 $6,598. Usual benefits, for delails
apply: The Director, Sudbury and Districl Health
Unit, 50 Cedar Street, Sudbury, Onlario. 7.1 27-5A
QUEBEC
OPERATING ROOM STAFF NURSES: (applications are
invited). In a modern 350-bed hospital. Salaries
commensurate with experience and postgraduate
education. Cumulative .ick leave, 28 days annual
vacation, retirement plan and other liberal fringe
benefill. Apply: Director of Nursing Service, St.
Mary's Hospilol, 3830 Lacombe Avenue, Manlreal
26, Quebec. -9-47-39A
SASKATCHEWAN
Director of Nursing for a modern 36-bed hospilal.
POlifion open Augult I, 1967. This hospital is fully
air conditioned and apened in 1964. A suile is
available in a new residence. Salary is in accor-
dance with Ihe SRNA recommendalions. Apply Ilat-
ing qualificationl and salary expected to: Mr. J. L.
Fawætt, Administrator, Rosetown Union Hospital,
Ro.etown, Saskatchewan. 10-111-1
Director of Nunel required for 18-bed hospilal with
a medical staff of two. Living in accommodalion
suite in modern residence. Sick leave, pension plan,
personnel policies and other fringe benefill. Pro.
gressive town between Regina and Saskatoon
with all transportation services. Salary open to
negotiation. Enquiries should include experience,
qualifications and lalary expected and address 10:
The Administrator, Davidson Union Hospital, Box
460 Davidson, Saskatchewan. 10-23-1
Regiltered Nu.... and Certified Nu..ing Anistanll
for 750-bed haspital, clole 10 dawntown. 8uilding
and expansion program in progress. SRNA recom-
mended salaries in effect. Experience recognized.
Progressive personnel policiesa Apply: Nursing Re-
cruitement Officer, Regina General Hospital, Regina,
Saskatchewan.
General Duty Nunel urgenfly needed for 41-bed
hospital at lie à la Crosse, northern Saskatchewan.
Hospital attractively localed On Lake Side and ser-
viced by highway. Salary as per recommended
schedule plus generoul northern allowance. Board
and meals can be provided at the hospilal at low
rate. Applicatians ta be sent to the Administrator
St. Joseph'l Hospital, lie à la Crosse, Saskalche-
wan. 10.48-1
I I
SASKATCHEWAN
General Duty Gnd Operating Room NUrl.., olIo
Certified Nuning Assilt...t. for S60-bed University
Hospital. Salary commensurate with experience and
preparations. Excellent opportunities to engage in
progressive nursing. Apply: Director of Personnel,
University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewaïö-II
A
UNITED STATES
REGISTERED NURSES: 25O.bed General Hospilal, ex-
panding to 400, located in San Francisco, California.
Positions on all shifts for nurses in Intensive Care
Unit, Operating Room, and General Slaff Duty.
Salary range $600-$700. Health and Life Insurance,
Retiremenl Program - all hospital paid. Liberal
holiday and vacalion benefits. Accredited medical
residencies in Medicine, General Surgery, Neura
Surgery, Orthopedics, and Plastic Surgery. For fur-
ther information write to: Miss Lois Jahn, Director
of Nursing, Franklin Hospital, 14th and Noe Streets,
San Francisco, California. 15-5-4A
OR SUPERVISOR: immediate challenging career ap-
pointment in stimulating Son Francisco Bay area.
Cultural and recreational advantages in ideal cli-
mate vicinity. Completely modern general hOlpital.
Professional satisfaction in supervision of active
surgery. Experience at lupervilor and lor head
nurse level preferred. Salary open. Liberal and in-
clusive fringe benefits including hospitalizalion, life
insurance, retirement, dilabil ity compensation, holi-
day pay, sick leave to 30 paid days, vacation 10
faur weeks with pay. Syslematic increales. For
further informafion write or telephone collect: Di-
rector of Nuning, Eden HOlpital, 20103 Lake Chabot
Road, Caltro Valley, California. Area Code 415-537-
1234. 15-5-13
REGISTERED NURSES - Saufhern California - Op-
porlunitiel available - 368-bed modern hOlpilal in
Medical.Surgicol Labor and Delivery, Nunev, Oper-
ating Room and Intensive and Coronary Care Units.
Good salary and liberal fringe benefill. Continuing
inservice education programa Located 10 miles from
Los Angeles near skiing, swimming, cultural and edu-
cational facilities. Temporary living accommodations.
Apply: Direclor of Nursing Service, Sainf Joseph
Hospital, Burbank, California 91503. 15-5-63
REGISTERED NURSES Opportunifies available at
415-bed hospital In Medical-Surgical, Labor and
Delivery, Intensive Care, Operating Room and Psy-
chiatry. No rolation of shift, good salary, evening
and night differentials, liberal fringe benefitl.
Temporary living accommodationl available. Apply:
Miss Dalores Merrell, R.N., Personnel Director, Queen
of Angels Hospital, 2301 Bellevue Avenue, LOl
Angeles 26, California. 15-5-3G
Staff Nunes needed for care of orlhapedically han-
dicapped children. Modern building and equipment.
Salary $550 per month plus altractive fringe bene-
fits. Living quarters available. Write: Eleanor
8aird, Shriners Hospital, 3160 Geneva Streel, LOl
Angeles, California. 15-5-3-0
REGISTERED NURSES Do You: Like peaple? Have a
friendly outgoing persona lily? Wan I closer cont
cll
with palienls? Would You: Like to make a contribu-
tion to sociely by helping psychiatric palienls
e-
come useful citizens again? Be interested in learning
more about the modern treatment methods for
psychiatric patienls? Enjoy working in a lively
progressive almosphere? Then: We need you. on
our staff ot Kings View Hospital, Reedley, Cahfor-
nia. A 55-bed privalely operaled CommunIty Mental
Health Center in Central California. Weekend driv-
ing distance to Los Angeles and San Francisco.
Easy access to the Pacific Ocean and Sierra Nevada
Mounlains. Starling annual salary of $6,720 for
experienced R.N. Regular yearly increments for five
years. Two weeks paid vacation-three weeks after
three years. Seven paid halidays. Sick leave. Group
hospitalization insurance. Orientation and inservice
program. Contact: Director of Nursing, Kings View
Hospital, P.O. Box 63t, Reedley, Calif. 93654.15-5-73
REGISTERED NURSES: Mount Zion Hospilal and Me-
dical Center's increased salary scales now double our
attraction for nurses who find they cen afford to live
by the Golden Gale. Expansion has created vacanciel
for staff and specialty assignments. Address enquiry
10: Personnel Department, 1600 Diviladero Street, San
Francisco, California 94115. An equal opportunity
employer. 15-5-4C
Pro'e.sionnal Nurs.. - for immediate openings in
274.bed general hospilal. Liberal fringe benefill.
Enjoy interesting, challenging pOlition in the Ideal
climate of Santa Monica Boy. Apply: Director of
Nursing, Santa Monica Hospita', 1250, Sixteenth
Slreet, Santa Monica, California. 15-5-40
JULY 1967
OPERATING ROOM NURSES
(experienced)
also
STAFF NURSES
required tor
THE HAMILTON HEALTH ASSOCIATION
operating:
A GENERAL HOSPITAL
A HOSPITAL FOR CONVALESCENT
AND CHRONIC PATIENTS
A REHABILITATION HOSPITAL
A TUBERCULOSIS HOSPITAL
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
THE HAMILTON HEALTH ASSOCIATION
Box 590, Hamilton, Ontario
or phone 385-5341
NURSES! An opportunity to
GIVE and to RECEIVE
SOMETHING OF VALUE
.....
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You may have the satisfaction of contributing a
valuable service with scope for promotion, and op-
portunity for sponsorship of further education in the
following positions:
......
..
DIRECTOR OF NURSING EDUCATION
CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR
GENERAL DUTY NURSE IN OPERATING
ROOM OR INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
ROYAL ALEXANDRA HOSPITAL
EDMONTON, ALBERTA
Planned orientation and an active Staff Development
Programme for all nursing staff.
Active treatment hospifal complex of 800 beds, with an addifional
213 bed Children's Pavilion, opening in June, 1967. Services include
a Women's Pavilion, Emergency and Out Patient Services, and 29
bed Intensive Core Unit. Intensive Core Employees are given a 20-
hour inservice program. Professional staff and certified nursing aides
are poid a salary commensurate with previous experience and ad-
difianal responsibilifies imposed in the deportment.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing,
STRATFORD GENERAL HOSPITAl
The Festival City
of
Stratford, Ontario.
POSITIONS AVAILABLE:
Evening Supervisor Children's Povilion
Head Nurses - Surgery
General Staff Nurses for all services.
This modern Hospital provides excellent working conditioN with
current personnel policies. General staff nurse Solary $380-$450
wifh re<:ognition for experience and post basic education.
JULY 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 61
UNITED STATES
Registered NUries wanted for 78-bed General Hos-
pital. Starting salaries at $525 per month with
regular increments and shift differential. Good per-
õonnel policies. Social activities include skiing and
boating. Must be eligible for Alaska registration.
Apply to: The Director of Nursing Service, St. Ann's
Hespital, 419 - 6th Street, Juneau, Alaska 99801.
15-2-3
REGISTERED NURSES - for expanding hospital with
five Medicol centers in Maine seacoast area. Ex-
cellent Medical Staff, facilities, salary and fringe
benefits. Unexcelled opportunity for outdoor sports
and recreation. Openings in surgery, obstetrics, in-
tensive care, supervisory positions and general
duty. Contact: Director of Nurses, Maine Coast
Memorial Hospital, Ellsworth, Maine. 15-19-1
Supervising Nune. V.N.A. Established agency in
city-county of 200,000 population. 3 nursing schools.
Collegiate nursing school to be started. Good per-
sonnel policies and fringe benefin. 2 hours from
Port Huron; 1 'I. hours from Detroit and Ann Arbor.
Coordinated Home Care Program. Write V.N.A., 522
Cass Street, Saginaw, Michigan 48602 15-23-13
Registered Nu..es: For ICAH General Accredited
409-bed hospital in the heart of exciting New York
City. Libera' benefin include four week vacation
I I
UNITED STATES
after one year; $2000. Life insurance; Blue Croll
and Blue Shield; etc. Salary commensurate with
experience. Excellent opportunities for advancement.
Apply to: Personnel Director, St. Clare's Hospital
415 W. 51st Street, New York, N.Y. 10019 15-33-11
ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR FOR NURSING SERVICE.
Challenging growth opportunity for imaginative,
capable nursing service administrator in position
of Assistant Administrator for Nursing Services at
Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, Ohio. This
position requires a creative, highly motivated per-
son with top qualifications, graduate education and
productive experience. Full authority and responsibi-
lity in the administration of all nursing services, de-
velopment of organization, and initiation of programs.
Member of Administrative Council with commensurate
authority and status. Excellent economic considerations
at Assistant Administrator level. A 500-bed general,
acute teaching hospital with 360 additional beds
under construction. Located in progressive capital
and university city. Minimum of staffing problems.
Personnel pol ides and wage program very attractive.
Hospital and position have high and growing pres-
tige. Incumbent retiring after eleven successful
years in position. Please contact: Edgar O. Mans-
field, DR. P.H., Administrator, Riverside Methodist
Hospital, 3535 Olentangy River Road, Columbus,
Ohio 43214. 15-36.5
p
NIGHT NURSE?
University Hospital is pleased to announce that starting pay for night
nurses now ranges from $30.00 to $33.00 per shift ($7,830 to $8,613
for an annual starting salary)--depending on education and experience.
After 4 years service, night nurSe solaries range up to $9,396.00
per year. The base pay for permanent evening and rotafing tours
has alsCÞbeen increased plus excellent University Staff benefits are
offered to all nurses.
University Hospital has a Service Department which assigns trained
personnel to handle paperwork and other non-nursing chores,
relieving our nurses for patient care exclusively.
Ann Arbor is notionolly known as a Center of Culture wifh emphasis on
art, music and drama--ond recognized as an exciting and desirable
community in which to live.
Write to Mr. George A. Higgins, A6001, University Hospital,
University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan for
more information, or phone collect (313) 764-3175.
We are an Equol OppOr1\lnity Employer
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
MEDICAL CENTER, ANN ARBOR
62 THE CANADIAN NURSE
THE MONCTON
HOSPIT AL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
requires a
MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING INSTRUCTOR
PAEDIATRIC NURSING INSTRUCTOR
PHYSICAL SCIENCE INSTRUCTOR
OPERATING ROOM aJNICAL INSTRUCTOR
Salary commensurate with qual-
ifications and experience with
all fringe benefits.
Apply in writing, giving full
particulars to:
Director of Nursing
THE MONCTON HOSPITAL
Moncton, New Brunswick
Applications are invited for
the position of
DIRECTOR
OF NURSING
at
THE QUEEN ELIZABETH
HOSPITAL, TORONTO
This posifion carries responsibility for the
co-ordination of all facets of nursing ac-
tivity within this SOQ-bed chronic and
canvolescent hospital. This progressive in-
stitution has far-reaching expansion plans,
and the successful applicant will find
this a challenge appointment.
Preference will be given the applicant
holding a Moster's or Bachelor's Degree
in Nursing, and experience in Nursing
service on applicable level. liberal salary
scale and fringe benefits are in effect.
A well.furnished opartment in residence
is avoilable.
Applications, or requests for ad-
ditional information should be ad-
dressed to:
The Administrator
THE QUEEN ELIZABETH HOSPITAL
130 Dunn Avenue
Toronto 3, Ontario
JULY 1967
ST. JOSEPH'S GENERAL HOSPITAL
PORT ARTHUR, ONTARIO
In June 1967 the opening of the new addition to the 1960 wing will complete
our 250-bed modern hospital. Applications are invited for the following Services:
Surgical, Medical, Pediatrics, Rehabilitation, and Intensive Care.
HEAD NURSES for
3 NURSING UNITS
REGISTERED NURSES
-
HEAD NURSE for O. R.
REGISTERED NURSING
ASSISTANTS
I'
ORDERLIES
B.Se.N. with experience
preferred
-1'!"'
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Salary Commensurate with
qualifications and
experience
.... .
- .
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Planned Orientation
Continuing Inservice
Education
-
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Excellent Personnel Policies
Opportunity to continue education at lakehead University
Apply to:
Director of Nursing Service
ST. JOSEPH'S GEN ERAL HOSPITAL
Port Arthur, Ontario, Canada.
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DIRECTOR OF NURSING
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Required for Sanatorium, presently developing into
a Three point program of patient care;
1. TUBERCULOSIS
THE SCARBOROUGH
GENERAL HOSPITAL
2. CHRONIC CONVALESCENT
3. MENTALLY DEFICIENT CHILDREN
Invites applications from General Duty Nurses. Excellent personnel
policies. An active and stimulating In-Service Education and
Orientation Programme. A modern Management Training Pro-
gramme to assist the career-minded nurse to assume managerial
positions. Salary is commensurate with experience and ability. We
encouroge you to toke advantage of the opportunities offered in
this new and expanding hospital with its extended services in
Paediatrics, Orthopaedics, Psychiatry, Cardiology, Operating Room,
Emergency, and Intravenous Therapy.
This will be a challenging opportunity for someone
with Administrative experience. Salary to be ne-
gotiated, full benefit program in effect.
Apply to:
For further information write to:
Director of Nursing
SCARBOROUGH GENERAL HOSPITAL
Scarborough, Ontario
Dr. Bruce H. Hopkins
Medical Director
ONGWANADA SANATORIUM
790 Princess Street
Kingston, Ontario
JULY 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 63
OSHA W A
GENERAL HOSPITAL
GENERAL DUTY NURSES FOR
ALL DEPARTMENTS
Starting salary for Ontario Regis-
tered nurses $400 with 5 annual
increments to $480 per month.
Credit for acceptable previous
service - one increase for two
years, two increases for four or
more years.
Non-registered - $360.00
Rotating periods of duty - 3
weeks vacation - 8 statutory
holidays.
One day's sick credit per month
beginning in the 7th month of
service cumulative to 45 days.
Pension Plan and Group Life
Insurance - Hospital pays 50%
of Medical, Blue Cross and Hos-
pital Insurance premiums.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
OSHAWA GENERAL HOSPITAL
Oshawa, Ontario
DIRECTOR
OF NURSING SERVICE
The Belleville General Hospital
requires a Director of Nursing
Service to be responsible for the
administration of all nursing ser-
vice activities.
The hospital presently has a ca-
pacity of 300 beds and will in-
crease to a total of 450 beds in
about one year, upon completion
of a construction programme.
The design incorporates a central
Supply Process Dispatch system.
Applicants should have a degree
in nursing service administration
as well as considerable expe-
rience in a similar position.
Applications and enquiries
should be addressed to:
Philip Rickard, Secretary
Edith Cavell Regional
School of Nursing
BEllEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL
Belleville, Ontario.
64 THE CANADIAN NURSE
NURSING ADVISOR
Applications are invited
lor the
Position of Nursing Advisor
This is a newly created opening. There
is a desire to expand the services of-
fered ond to give effective leadership re-
lated to changing educational programs.
Desirable qualifications:-Bachelor's or
Moster', Degree ond experience in Nurs-
ing Service ond Nursing Educotion. Sol.
ory negofioble.
Address enquiries to:
Mis, Nancy Watson, Executive Secretary
REGISTERED NURSES'
ASSOCIATION OF
NOVA SCOTIA
6035 CoburS Road
Halifax, Nova Scotia
UNITED STATES
!!EGISTERE
NURSES - for .unny California. Excit-
Ing expansion program requires nurses for all serv-
ices-Maternity, I.C.U., Specialized Surgery, etc. Excel-
lent orientation and in-service programs. Promotional
opportunities for Head Nurses and Supervisors. Con-
genial atmosphere where progress begins with pa-
tient care. Salary $550 to $650 for Stoff Nurses.
Good .hift differential and fringe benefits. "Come
grow with u.... Mr. Ken Clarke, R.N. - Diredo, of
Nursing Service., Greater Baker.field Memo,iol Hos-
pital, P.O. Box 1888, Bakersfield, California 93303.
Write or call collect 805 - 327-1792. 15.5-5A
Registered Nurse., Career satisfaction, interest and
professionol growth unlimited in modern, JCAH ac-
credited 243-bed hospitol. Located in one of Califor-
nia's finest areas, recreational, educational and cul-
tural advantages are your. a. well as wonderful
year.round climate. If this combination is what
you're looking for, contact us now!Staff nurse en-
trance .alary $575-$600 per month; increases to
$700 per month; .upervisory position. at highe.t
rates. Special area and .hift differentials to $454. per
month. Excellent benefits include free health and
life insurance, retirement, credit union and liberal
personnel pol ides. Professional staff appointments
ovailable in all clinical a'eas to tho.e eligible fo,
California licensure. Write today: Director of Nursing
Eden Hospital. 20103 Lake Chabot Rood, Castro Vol:
lev, Colifornia. 15-5-12
REGISTERED NURSES - SAN FRANCISCO Child,en'.
Ho.pital and Adult Medical Center ho.pital for men,
women and children. California registration r.quired.
Opportunities in all clinical area.. Excell.nt .alarie.
iffere
tial. for e".eni,:,g. and nights. Holiday., vaca:
tlonl, sick leave, life Inlurance, health insurance and
employer-paid pen.ion-plan. Application. and details
furni.hed on reque.t. Contact Per.onnel Director Chil-
dren's Hospital, 3700 California Street, San FrC:ncisco
18, Califo,nia. 15-5-4
REGISTERED NURSES - Generol Duty for 84-bed
JCAH hospitol I '12 hours from Son Francisco, 2
hours from the Lake Tahoe. Starting .alary $6OO/m.
w
th diffe
ntiol.. Apply: Director of Nurses, Mem.
orlal Hospltol, Woodland, Califo,nia. 15.5-49B
Staff Duty po.ition. (Nurs..) in privat. 403-bed
hospital. Liberal per.onnel policie. and .alary. Sub-
stontial differenrial for evening and night duty.
Write: Per.onnel Dir.ctor, Hospital of The Good
Samaritan, 12 J 2 Shatto Str..t, Lo. Angel.s 17,
Colifornia. 15-5-311
NURSES - ALL SHIFTS, ALL DEPTS. N.w Accredited
99-bed Hospital. Starting Salary $600 month, Plus
Differential, Liberal Benefit. - Contact Director
of Nur..., Viewpa,k Community Hospital, 5035
Colis.um St., Los Angeles, California 90016 15-5-3M
Nurs.s fo, new 75-bed G.neral Ho.pital. Re.o,t
areo. Ideal climat.. On beoutiful Pacific ocean.
Apply to: Director of Nur.e., South Coast Com-
munity Hospital, South Laguna. California. 15-5-50
RED CROSS
IS ALWAYS THERE
WITH YOUR HELP
UNITED STATES
R.gist.r.d Nurs.. and C.rtified Nur.ing A.si.tants.
Opening in .everal area., all .hifts. Every other week-
end off, in .mall community ho.pital 2 mile. from
Baston. Room. available. Hospital paid life in.urance
and other liberal fringe benefits. RN salory $100 per
week, plu. differential of $20 for 3-11 p.m. and
11-7 a.m. shifts. C.N. As.'ts. $80 weekly plu. $10 for
3-11 p.m. and 11-7 a.m. .hifts. Mu.t read, write,
and .peak Engli.h. Write: Mi.s Byrne, Director of
Nur.e., Chel.ea Memorial Ho.pitol, Chel.ea, Mas-
.achu.etn 02150. 15-22-1 C
GENERAL DUn NURSES. Salary, day. $500-$550;
p.m. $525-$575; nights $520.$570 per month. In-
crea.e. January I, 1967. Excellent benefits. 230-b.d
regional referral General Ho.pital with intensive
care and coronary units. Postgraduate classes avail-
able at two universities. Extensive intern and resi-
dent teaching program. Ho.pital located adiacent to
Northwest'. largest private clinic. Free hou.ing fir.t
month. Canadian trained nurses with psychiatric
affiliation please write: Personnel Director, Virginia
Ma.on Ho.pital, 1111 T&I'ry Avenu., Seallle, Wa.h-
ington 98101. 15-48-2B
Want.d - G.n.ral Duty Nurs... Applications now
being taken for nursing positions in a new addi-
tion to the existing hospital including surgery, cen-
tral sterile and supply, general duty. Salary $550
per month plu. fringe benefits. Contact: Directo, of
Nurses, Alamosa Community Hospital Alamosa,
Colorado. 15.6-1
REGISTERED NURSES: for 75-bed air-conditioned
hospital, growing community. Starting .alary $330-
$365/m, fringe ben.fits, vocation, .ick leave, holi.
days, life insurance, hospitalization. 1 meal furnilh-
ed. Write: Administrator, Hendry G.n.ral Ho.pital,
Clewiston, Florida. 15-10.1
GENERAL DUTY AND LICENSED PRACTICAL NURSES:
J 15-bed JCAH ho.pital on .hore. of Lake Okeecho-
bee. Liberal p.rsonnel policie.; .tarting .alary for
RN'.. $525 (for LPN'. $375) with 10% differenfial
for each group evening. and nights. Free meal.;
nur.e.' re.idence available. Apply: Director of
Nur.e., Glade. G.neral Hospital, Belle Glade, Flo-
rida 33430. 15-I0-3A
REGISTERED NURSES: Excellent opportunity for ad-
vancement in atmosph&l'e of medical excell.nce. Pro-
gressive patient care including Intensive Care and
Cardiac Core Unit.. Finely .quipped growing 200-bed
suburban community ho.pitol on Chicago'. beautiful
North Shore. Modern, furnished apartment. are
ovailable for .ingle profes.ional wom.n. Other
fringe benefits include paid vocation after .ix
months, paid life insurance, 50% tuition refund and
.taff development program. Salary range from $550-
$660 j er month plu. .hift diff.rential. Contact:
Donol L. Thomp.on, R.N., Director of Nursing,
Highland Pork Ho.pital, Highland Pork, lIIinoi.
60035. 15-14-3C
STAFF NURSES: Univer.ity of Wa.hington. 320-bed
modern, expanding Teaching and R..earch Hospital
located on campus offers you on opportunity to
ioin the .taff in one of the following .pecialtie.:
Clinical Research, Premature Center, Open Heart
Surgery, Physical Medicine, Orthopedic., Neurosur.
gery, Adult and Child p.ychiatry in addition to
the General Services. Salary: $501 to $576. Unique
benefit program includes free University courles after
six months. For information on opportunities, write
to: Mrs. Ruth Fine. Director of Nursing Services,
Univer.ity Hospital, 1959 N.E. Pacific Avenue,
Seottle. Wa.hingtan 98105. 15-48-2D
JULY 1967
1 1111111111 lilil
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UNIVERSITY
OF ALBERTA
HOSPITAL
EDMONTON, ALBERTA,
CANADA
A 1,200 bed teaching hospital, with a School of Nursing of 450 students. A rapidly expanding Medical
Center, situated on a growing University Campus.
NURSING OFFERS
* Planned Orientation Programme
* In Service Educafian Programme
* Organized programme to provide op-
porfunities for Team leaders, leader.
ship Responsibility
* OpportunifÎes for Professional develop-
ment in O.R., Coronary Care, Cardiac
Surgery, Renal Dialysis, Neurosurgery,
and Rehabilitation
... I'
. ..
..
.
.
BENEFITS
* Excellent Patient Care Facilities
* Salary scaled to qualification and ex-
perience
* liberal personnel policies
SCHOOL OF NURSING
WOODSTOCK
GENERAL HOSPITAL
WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO
Will require
TEACHERS - AUGUST. 1967
For the approved two year cur-
riculum with a third year of ex-
perience in nursing service. (50
students enrolled annually)
Qualifications: University prepa-
ration in Nursing Education Or
Public Health.
Salary: Commensurate with ex-
perience and education.
Apply to:
The Director,School of Nursing,
WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL
Woodstock, Ontario.
JULY 1967
.",
.
.
For more information write to:
Director of Nursing
UNIVERSITY
OF ALBERTA
HOSPITAL
Edmonton, Alberta
Canada
ASSISTANT
DIRECTOR
of
NURSING EDUCATION
Applicants are invited for this
position in a new and well
equipped School of Nursing
building. New curriculum for an
Independent Sehool being de-
veloped. Total enrollment of 150-
200 students. Salaries and Fringe
Benefits at Metropolitan level.
Qualifications - B.Se.N. with
experience in Nursing Education.
CLINICAL TEACHERS
in Psychiatric Nursing, Paediatric
Nursing and Fundamentals of
Nursing required to assist in new
program.
Qualifications - B.Se.N. or Di-
ploma in Nursing Education.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
BRANTFORD GENERAL
HOSPITAL
Brantford, Ontario
AJAX AND
PICKERING
GENERAL HOSPITAL
AJAX, ONTARIO
127 Beds
Nursing the patient as an indi-
vidual. Vacancies, General Duty
R.N.'s and Registered Nursing
Assistants for all areas, Full time
and part time. Salaries as in Me-
tro Toronto. Consideration for ex-
perience and education. Excellent
fringe benefits. Residence accom-
modation, single rooms, House-
keeping privileges.
Apply to:
NURSING OFFICE PERSONNEL
THE CANADIAN NURSE 65
A
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There's a
better way
to go!
Pr...byterian has the answer to your hopes
. . . your dreams. It's right here in our
modern, expanding hospital. We have the
finest facilities fa enhance your career in
nursing. Here in our high, dry, sunny cli..
mate with educational and cultural oppor-
tunities galore, life takes on added zest
and meaning. In fact there's a whole new
way of life here in one of the fastest
growing metropolitan areas of the South-
west. Choose Presbyterian where your skill
and individual contributions are appreciated.
h
PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL CENTER
ALBUQUERQUE, HEW MEXICO 87106
** Sforting salary to $555.00 a monfh
** 500 bed hospifal
** Personol orientotion progrom
** liberol fringe benefits
** Continuing educotionol progroms
** Airline trovel poid
** Coreer odvoncement opportunities
** Two universities
** Twenty minutes from neorby moun-
tains
EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER
Mail coupon or call coiled (505-243-9411,
Ext. 219)
r M-:;: S::-n ;;;:;'e,
i::or:;
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Recruitment, Presbyterian Hospital Cent.r,
Deportment B, Albuquerque,
New Mexico 87106
Please mail me more information about
nursing at Presbyterian Hospital Center and
tell me how I may start my new way of
lif..
I
I
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NAME I
ADDRESS I
CITY . ___00 STATE .
I SCHOOL OF NURSING I
YEAR OF GRADUATION .........
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66 THE CANADIAN NURSE
OWEN SOUND GENERAL
AND MARINE HOSPITAL
requires
GENERAL DUTY NURSES
This 250-bed modern hospital is
located in a year round recrea-
tion area with activities only
minutes from hospital or home.
Salary $400 - $480 per month.
Experience and post basic edu-
cation recognized. A new Re-
gional School of Nursing com-
mences this fall and a 2 + 1
Educational Programme is pre-
sently in progress.
Apply to:
Miss W. Bell,
Director of Nursing Service.
DIRECTOR
REGIONAL SCHOOL
OF
OF NURSING
"KIRKLAND LAKE"
Applications are invited for the
position of Director of a new
Regional School of Nursing to be
established in Kirkland Lake with
an annual enrollment of 30
students encompassing five area
hospitals. An excellent opportu-
nity to develop a program from
the erection of the building to
operating the school.
Please direct enquiries to:
The Secretary of the Steering
Committee:
R. J. Cameron r Administrator r
KIRKLAND AND DISTRICT
HOSPITAL
Kirkland Lake, Ontario.
ONTARIO SOCIID
FOR
CRIPPLED CHILDREN
l
Invites applications from Public
Health Nurses who have at least
2 years experience in general-
ized public health nursing, pre-
ferably in Ontario.
INTERESTING AND VARIED
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES
IN AN EXPANDING PROGRAM
INCLUDE:
. an opportunity to work direct-
ly with children, their parents,
health and welfare agencies,
and professional groups
. participation in arranging
diagnostic and consultant cli-
nics
. assessing the needs of the
individually handicapped child
in relation to services provided
by Easter Seal Clubs and the
Society.
Attractive salary schedule with
excellent benefits. Car provided.
Pre-service preparation with sa-
lary.
Apply in writing to:
Director, Nursing Service,
350 Rumsey Road r
Toronto 17, Ontario
JULY 1967
EL CAMINO HOSPITAL
LOCATED IN BEAUTIFUL SANTA CLARA VALLEY
YEAR 'ROUND SMOG-FREE TEMPERATE CLIMATE
Registered Nurses -
All Service.
Starting salory for
Experienced
Regisfered Nurses
$550 per month
448-bed fully-occred-
ited general hospi-
tal located 40 min-
ufes south of
downtown San
Francisco
Ample opportunity
for professionol
development as
there are two col-
leges and fwa uni-
versifies in the
immediafe vicinity
Excellent recreational
facilifies in close
prox im ity to the
hospital
.
-
---
Benefits Include:
Plonned orientation
progrom
Continuing in-service
education
Two fo four weeks
vacotian
Eight paid holidays
Accumulative sick
leave
Free group life
insurance
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,.,:
;a
Fully paid health in-
surance including
fomily coveroge
Fully paid retirement
program
liberol shift
differential
40-hour week
-
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PRINCIPAL
REGIONAL SCHOOL
OF NURSING
Applications are invited for the
position of Principal of the Edith
Cavell Regional School of Nurs-
ing.
Plans are being developed to
provide cfassroom facilities for
210 students. Residence accom-
modation will be constructed on
the school premises. Clinical in-
struction will be provided in hos-
pitals located at Trenton, Picton,
Campbellford and Belleville.
Applications and enquiries should
be addressed to:
The Secretary
EDITH (A YEll REGIONAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
c/o The Belleville General
Hospital
Belleville, Ontario
,UL Y 1967
.....
Apply fo:
PERSONNEL DIRECTOR
EI Camino Hospital
2500 Grant Road
Mountain View, California 94040
PROVINCE OF
BRITISH COLUMBIA
requires
INSTRUCTOR
Aide Orientation and Training Program
for
Diy. of Nuning Educatian, Menta' Health
Service., ESSONDALE, B.C.
SALARY: $456 rising to $559 per month,
plus $25 per month for cerfificate or
University degree or $10 per month for
clinical program; plu. $30 per month
for two years' teaching experience in a
psychiatric nurse program.
DUTIES: Instructing psychiatric aides, cur-
riculum planning; word teaching and de-
manstrotion, examining new trends.
Applicants must be Canadion citizens or
British subjects with membership or el-
Igibility for membership as Registered
Nurse in B.C., preferably with post-basic
preparation in teaching, supervision and
psychiatric nursing and suitable experi-
ence in general or psychiatric nursing.
Obtain application forma from
The Personnel Officer, B.C. Civil
Service, Valleyview Lodges, E5-
SONDALE, B.C.
COMPETInON NO. 67:372
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
SERVICE
FOR
MANITOBA REHABILITATION
HOSPITAL
WINNIPEG, Manitoba
Fully accredited 160-bed rehabi-
litation hospital and 64-bed res-
piratory disease wing. This is a
five year old modern facility
with a very active program in all
departments. Salary commensur-
ate with qualifications and ex-
perience.
For further information
write to:
Executive Director
MANITOBA REHABILITATION
HOSPITAL
800 Sherbrook Street
Winnipeg 2, Manitoba
THE CANADIAN NURSE 67
THE HOSPIT AL o
'to
SA
c!þ c, POSITIONS OPEN
FOR /tA
SICK CHILDREN " T
. Assistant Director. <
Nursing Service - Evenings
. Inservice Education -
./ Co-Ordinator
-
Apply to:
.,.. DIRECTOR
0
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'-- &
NURSING
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OFFERS:
1. Satisfying experience.
2. Stimulating and friendly en-
vironment.
3. Orientation and In-Service
Education Program.
4. Sound Personnel Policies
5. liberal vacation.
APPLICATIONS FOR REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS INVITED.
For detailed information
please write to:
The Assistant Director
of Nursing
AUXILIARY STAFF
555 University Avenue
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
68 THE CANADIAN NURSE
HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
HOSPITAL -
Newly expanded 350-bed hospital. Progressive patient care con-
cept.
SALARY -
General Staff Nurses (Currently Registered in Ontario) $400.00 -
$480. - 5-increments.
Registered Nursing Assistants (Currently Registered in Ontario)
$295.00 - $331.00, - 3 increments.
HOUSING -
Furnished apartments available at subsidized rates.
JOB SATISFACTION-
High quality patient care and friendly working environment. We
appreciate our personnel and encourage their professional develop-
ment.
You are invited to enquire concerning employment opportunities to:
Director of Nursing
HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
200 Church Street, Weston, Ontario
Telephone 249-8111 (Toronto)
JULY 1967
What does
Methodist Hospital
have to offer me?
At the Methodist Hospital, where research is a part
of progress, a nursing career takes on new horizons -
rich in meaning and professional satisfaction.
If you're looking for the chance to be the nurse
you've always dreamed of - coming to the world
famous Methodist Hospital can be an adventure -
almost like stepping into the future - splendid
facilities, so much advance equipment and
everywhere the newest medical and patient care
tethniques are in use.
Some of the best aspects of nursing at METHODIST
are as old as medicine itself - there is a spirit of
kindness and consideration, and emphasis on patient
care, that make this a hospital where nursing is
satisfying and rewarding, day by day.
Methodist Hospital is right in the center of the world's
great Medical, Research and Educational complexes.
HOUSTON is an exciting city - rodeo and opera,
pro.football and the famous Alley Theatre, water sports
and beaches an hour or less away, the Houston
Symphony and the Astrodome!
A Few Quick Facts: We're affiliated with Baylor
University College of Medicine and associated with
Texas Woman's University College of Nursing.
New $9\12 million Cardiovascular and Orthopedic
Research Center will open soon. Our Inservice
Education Department gives you thorough
orientation, and continued instruction in new
concepts and techniques. You'll find every
encouragement to broaden your skills,
including tuition assistance in obtaining
further education in nursing.
Send for Your Color1ul Informative Illustrated
Brochure. . . to learn about Methodist Hospital,
Houston, positions available, salary and employment
benefits, tuition allowance, complimentary room
accommodation and our Nurse Specialist Programs.
Write, call or send coupon, Director of Personnel,
The Method,st Hospital, Texas Medical Center,
Houston, Texas 77025
r-------------------------------------ì
I Director of Personnel, THE METHODIST HOSPITAL, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77025 I
I Please send me your brochure about nursing opportunities at THE METHODIST HOSPITAL-Texas Medical Center I
I I
I Name ,
I Add ress I
I I
I City State Zip Code I
L_____________________________________
... ......
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THE PLACE TO
CENTENNIAL
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BE IN
YEAR!
OTTAWA CIVIC HOSPITAL
Ottawa, Ontario
HOSPITAL:
A newly expanded 257 bed hospital with such progressive
care concepts as a 12-bed LC.U.. 22-bed psychiatric and
24-bed self Care unit.
IDEAL LOCATION:
45 minutes from downtown Toronfo. 15-30 minufes from eX-
cellent summer ond winter resort areas.
SALARIES:
Registered Nurses: $400.00 - $480.00 per month.
Registered Nursing Assistants: $295.00 - $331.00 per month.
FURNISHED APARTMENTS:
Swimming pool. tennis courts. etc. (see above)
OTHER BENEFITS:
Medical and hospital insurance. group life insurance, pension
plan, 40 hour week.
Enjoy life in green and pleasant Ottawa. Daily
train ond bus service to Expo '671 Challenging
work in a modern teaching Hospital of 1087
beds, where administra1ion is progressive and
sfaff participation encouraged. In-service Educa-
tion program well established. Excellent salories.
personnel palicies and fringe benefits to:
REGISTERED NURSES
for all services including Operating Room ond
Psychiatry.
Apply in writing to:
Please address all enquiries to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL
596 Davis Drive
Newmarket, Ontario
Miss B. JEAN MILLIGAN, Reg.N., M.A.
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR.
JULY 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 69
DEPARTMENT OF
PUBLIC HEALTH
PROVINCE OF NOVA SCOTIA
olters
BURSARIES FOR NURSES
Graduate nurses who are eligible for University en-
trance and have an interest În a career in Public
Health Nursing are invited to apply.
Bursaries will cover educational costs and provide
living allowance.
Applications for bursaries and further information
may be obtained by contacting:
Director of Public Health Nursing
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEAlTH
P.O. Box 448
Halifax, Nova Scotia
A-5614
DIRECTOR OF SCHOOL
OF NURSING
REQUIRED FOR
DISTRICT SCHOOL OF NURSING
Minimum Requirement - B. Sc. N., with five years
experience, two of these in Nursing Education.
Apply to:
Mr. Harold Swanson, Chairman,
BOARD OF NURSING EDUCATION
220 Clarke Street
WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO
70 THE CANADIAN NURSE
MAIMONIDES HOSPITAL
AND HOME FOR THE AGED
AN OPPORTUNITy....
A CHALLENGE....
A NEW EXPERIENCE....
SUPERVISORS, STAFF NURSES, NURSING
ASSISTANTS, INSTRUCTORS, PSYCHIATRIC
NURSE:
We invite you to ioin the nursing staH of New Mai.
monides.
LIBERAL VACATION . HEALTH AND
PENSION PLANS . SALARIES COM-
MENSURATE WITH RKOGNIZED SCALES
Apply to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
5795 Caldwell Avenue
Montreal 29, Quebec
REGISTERED NURSES
Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois is a
new 587-bed General Hospital, located in a pleasant
suburb of Chicago.
The hospital is modern with a wide range of services
to patients, including Hyperbaric Oxygen Unit. Low-
cost modern housing next to the hospital is available.
The hospital is completely air-conditioned.
Annual beginning salary is from $6,000 plus shift
differential pay. Regular salary increments at six
months of service and yearly thereafter. Sick leave
and other fringe benefits are also available.
Write or call collect:
Director of Nursing Services
LUTHERAN GENERAL HOSPITAL
PARK RIDGE, ILLINOIS 60068
Telephone: 692-2210 Ext. 211
Area Code: 312
JULY 1967
SUNNYBROOK
HOSPITAL
REGISTERED NURSES
General Duty Nurses on rotating
shifts are needed as part of the
re-organization of Sunnybrook as
a university teaching hospital,
Employment in our Nursing Ser-
vices Department includes:
- Metro Toronto Salary Scale
Accommodation at reduced
rates. Full range of fringe
benefits
- Theree weeks vacation after
1 year
- Good location
subway on
grounds.
bus from
to hospital
For additional information
,
please write:
Director of Personnel
and Public Relations,
SUNNYBROOK HOSPITAL
2075 Bayview Avenue
Toronto 12, Ontario
JULY 1967
The Saskatchewan
Registered Nurses'
Association
Invites applications
for the position of
NURSING SERVICE
ADVISOR
The applicant must have advan-
ced preparation and experience
in Nursing Service.
For further information and ap-
plication form,
Please contact:
MRS. AGNES GUNN
President - SRNA
No. 8 - 3838 Retallack Street
Regina, Saskatchewan
REGISTERED NURSES
FOR
GENERAL DUTY
In modern, 220-bed, fully accre-
dited General Hospital located
in a thriving farming and in-
dustrial community 135 miles
from Metropolitan Winnipeg on
the Trans Canada Highway and
60 miles from beautiful Clear
lake resort. Almost new, well-
equipped hospital providing
quality patient care and friendly
working environment. Salary
$375-$460, five increments. Ex-
cellent personnel policies.
Apply in confidence to:
Director of Nuning,
BRANDON GENERAL HOSPITAL
Brandon, Manitoba.
THE HOSPIT AL
FOR
SICK CHILDREN
"\
\
1
I
'
1
YOU
Receive the advantages of:
1. Five-week orientation
gram for new staff.
pro-
2. Ongoing in-service education
for nurses.
3. Extensive student education
program.
4. Research Institute.
APPLICATION FOR GENERAL
DUTY POSITIONS INVITED
For information contact:
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING
555 University Avenue
Toronto, Canada
THE CANADIAN NURSE 71
OPERATING ROOM
SUPERVISOR
Postgraduate trained.
For 61-bed well-equipped
hospital.
Apply:
Administrator
WILLETT HOSPITAL
Paris, Ontario
THE MONTREAL
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Applications are invited for the position
of
Head Nurse on a
Psychiatric Unit.
Clinical experience in psychiarric nursing
and a diploma or baccalaureate degree
in nursing administration required.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
THE MONTREAL
GENERAL HOSPITAL
1650 Cedar Avenue
Montreal 25, Quebec
DIRECTOR Of SCHOOL
Of NURSING
THE OTTAWA REGIONAL SCHOOL OF
NURSING
has on opening for a Director.
REQUIREMENTS: Master's Degree prefer-
red and a good working knowledge of
English and French.
CHALLENGE: A unique opportunify to par-
ticipate in the plans for the building
of the school and in the developmenf
of the programme for bilingual stu-
denfs.
APPOINTMENT, To be mode as soon as
possible.
APPLICATIONS: Interested applicants are
invited to correspond wifh:
The Chairman of the Board
of Directors,
Mr. LAVAL FORTIER,
269 Stewart Street,
Ottawa 2, Ontario
72 THE CANADIAN NURSE
A progressive 27o-bed acute General
Hospital situated in the INTERIOR OF
BRITISH COlUMBIA.
Invites applications from
GRADUATE NURSES
(B.C. REGISTRATION)
In addition to a new building, renovations
now almost completed have increased our
potient facilities.
Please state preference of working area
when applying to:
Director of Nursing
ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL
Kamloops, B.C.
DAUPHIN GENERAL HOSPITAL
DAUPHIN, MANITOBA
A 130-bed hospifal loco fed fen miles
north of Riding Mounfain Notional Park
and fhe summer resort of Clear Lake
requires:
Director of Inservice Education
Head Nurse for Obstetrics and
Gynecology Unit
Head Nurse for Male Surgery
and
General Duty Nurses for all
nursing areas.
Duties to commence August or Sepfember
Apply stating qualifications to:
Director of Nursing
DAUPHIN GENERAL HOSPITAL
Dauphin, Manitoba
MEDICINE HAT
GENERAL HOSPITAL
MEDICINE HAT, ALBERTA
STAFF NURSES
Currenf Recommended
Salary Scales
Appty:
Director of Nursing
or any
CANADA MANPOWER CENTRE
WILSON MEMORIAL
GENERAL HOSPITAL
requires
REGISTERED NURSES FOR
GENERAL DUTY
REGISTERED NURSING
ASSISTANTS
2()"bed hospifal. Situated in a thriving
Northwestern Ontario community.
Room and board provided.
For full particulars,
Write to:
Director of Nursing
Marathon, Ontario
THE I.O.D.E. HOSPITALS
WINDSOR, ONTARIO
Requires Registered Nurses for the Neuro-
surgical Unit. 4()..hour week - Pension
plan - Good solaries and personnel
policies.
Appty:
Director of Nursing
THE I.O.D.E. HOSPITALS
1453 Prince Road
Windsor, Ontario
I
SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL
COOKSYlllE, ONTARIO
A new 450-bed General Hospifal, located
12 miles from the City of Toronto, hat
opening. for:
(1) GENERAL STAFF NURSES in 011 de.
portment.;
(2) Registered Nursing Assistonts in all
departments.
For information or application, write to:
Director of Nursing
SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL
Cooksville, Ontario
JULY 1967
WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL
Requires
GENERAL STAFF NURSES
All DEPARTMENTS
and
O.R. TECHNICIANS
Apply:
Director of Nursing
WOODSTOCK
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Woodstock, Ontario
McKEUAR GENERAL HOSPITAL
requires
Regisfered Nurses for General Sfaff. The
hospital is friendly and progressive.
If is now in the beginning stages of a
$3,500.000 program of expansion and
renovation.
- Openings in all serviæs.
- Proximity to Lakeheod
ensures opportunity for
education.
University
furthering
For full particulars write to:
Director
of Nursing Service
McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL,
Fort William, Ontario.
SI. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
Hamilton, Ontario
requires
CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS in all Nursing
areas. Well-equipped, modern School of
Nursing. Student enrolment over 300.
Modern, progressive, BOO-bed Hospital.
Salary commensurate with preparation
and experience.
For further details, apply:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
UL Y 1967
PORT COLBORNE
GENERAL HOSPITAL
PORT COLBORNE, ONTARIO
STAFF NURSES
required
For 166-bed hospifOI within easy driving
distance of American and Canadian me-
tropalifan cenfres. Considerofion given for
previous experience obfoined in Conodo.
Completely furnished aporfment-style resi-
dence. including balcony and swimming
pool facing lake, adjacent to haspifal.
Apply:
Director of Nuning
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Port Colborne,Ontario
REGISTERED NURSES
For new loo-bed General Hospitol in the
beginning stoges of on exponsion pro'
gram, located on the beaufiful Lake of the
Woods. Three hours' travel time from
Winnipeg with good transporfation avail-
able. Wide voriety of summer and win-
ter sports - swimming, booting, fishing,
golfing, skating, curling. tobogganing,
skiing.
Salary: $415 with allowonce for experi-
ence. Residence available. Good per-
sonnel policies.
Appty to:
Director of Nursing
KENORA GENERAL HOSPITAL
Kenora, Ontario
A REGISTERED NURSE
BILINGUAL
Required for a Supervisory Posifion in a
modern eO-bed hospital expanding to
150 beds. Locafed in fhe Eosfern Town-
ships, on attractive. dynamic community
50 miles soufh of Montreal. Postgraduafe
training in Supervision on asset. Salary
in accordance wifh Quebec Hospifal In-
suranæ Service.
Write to:
Director of Nursing
BROME-MISSISQUOI-PERKINS
HOSPITAL
Cowansville, Quebec
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
LONDON, ONTARIO
Teaching Hospital, 600 beds, new facilities
requires.
REGISTERED NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS
For further information apply:
The Director of Nursing
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
London, Ontario
DIREOOR OF NURSING
EDUCATION
Masfer's degree preferred; fo conduct
basic nursing progrom and offi/liote pro'
gram.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing,
CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL
OF WINNIPEG,
Winnipeg, Manitoba.
MEDICINE HAT
GENERAL HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
MEDICINE HAT, ALBERTA
INSTRUCTORS
POSITIONS
ONE MEDICAL NURSING TEACHER
ONE SURGICAL NURSING TEACHER
ONE SCIENCE NURSING INSTRUCTOR
Closs 25-30 Studenfs
Current Recommended
Salory Scoles
Apply:
Director of Nursing Education
or any
CANADA MANPOWER CENTRE
THE CANADIAN NURSE 73
GRADUATE NURSES
required
For fhis modern 259-bed hospital in
the beautiful Niogara Peninsula. Excel-
lent personnel policies and working con-
ditions. Salary range $400 to $480 per
month when registered in Onforio. Starf-
ing .alary will depend on experience.
Private room. available in residence $20.
per month.
P'ease app'y to:
Miss L. M. R. Lambe
Director of Nursing
WELLAND COUNTY
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Weiland, Ontario
ST. THOMAS.ELGIN
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Requires
GENERAL STAFF NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING
ASSISTANTS
O. R. TECHNICIANS
Modern 395 bed, fully accredited General
Hospifal opened in 1954. with School of
Nursing. ExcellenT personnel policies.
O. H. A. Pension Plan. pleasant progres-
sive industrial cify of 22,500.
Apply:
Director of Nursing,
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN GENERAL
HOSPITAL
St. Thomas, Ontario.
REGISTERED NURSES
REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS
required lor
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL
Construction of 0 new hospital scheduled
for compleTion November 1967 will in-
crease the bed capacity to 450. Included
in the new hospital will be the Friesen
concept of equipment and material sup-
ply. Solary commensurafe with prepora-
fion and experience. Benefits Include Ca-
nada Pension Plan. Hospital Pension Plan.
Group Life Insurance. Accumulative .Ick
leave. Ontario Hospital Insurance and
P.S.1. - 50% payment by hospital.
Appty:
'.r,onn.1 Director
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL
leUevlUe, Ontario
74 THE CANADIAN NURSE
RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL
OF OTTAWA
A new, air-conditioned 340-bed hospifal.
Applicotians ore called for Nurses for the
positions of:
GENERAL STAFF NURSES
and
REGISTERED NURSING
ASSISTANTS
Address all enquiries to:
Director of Nursing
RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL
OF OTTAWA
1967 Riverside Drive,
Ottawa, Ontario
LADY MINTO HOSPITAL
OFFERS
1. Sfimulafing Environment
2. Sound, liberal personnel policies.
3. R.N. salary range $415 to $495.
4. Residence available.
Registered Nurses invited to apply to:
Director of Nursing
LADY MINTO HOSPITAL
Chapleau, Ontario
TORONTO EAST
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Applications are invited from Teacher.
interesTed in a progressive educational
progrom. Applicants with baccalaureote
degree preferred. Diploma in Nursing Edu-
cation and working 10ward a degree ac-
cepted. Good personnel policies.
Appty to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
825 Coxwell Avenue
Toronto 13, Ontario
REGISTERED NURSES
For 61-bed General Hospital
App'y:
Administrator
WILLETT HOSPITAL
Paris, Ontario
REGISTERED NURSES
required
For modern l000-bed occredifed hospital.
Excellent advancement oppartunifies.
Wide range of services provided in
Surgery, Medicine, Emergency, Intensive
Core, Chronic, Mafernify, Psychiafric, Or-
thopaedic, etc. Excellent wages and be-
nefits program including 10 sfafufory
holidays.
Please app'y to:
Personnel Department
HENDERSON GENERAL
HOSPITAL
Hamilton, Ontario
OBSTETRICAL SUPERVISOR
and
HEAD NURSE IN
DELIVERY ROOM
Experience in 1eaching preferred.
Apply:
Director of Nursing
SUDBURY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
Regent Street, S.
Sudbury, Ontario
JULY 196:
School of Nursing
SI. MARY'S HOSPITAL
Timmins, Ontario
requires
TEACHERS
fo participafe in 0 3-year program plan-
ning change to two + 1.
Student enralmen1 of 65. University pre-
paration required.
For information write to:
Director School of Nursing
ST. MARY'S HOSPITAL
Timmins, Ontario
INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
HEAD NURSE
GENERAL DUTY NURSES
wanted for a 6-bed manifored medicol-
surgical unit.
For further information apply to:
Director of Nursing
KELOWNA GENERAL HOSPITAL
Kelowna, British Columbia
GENERAL DUTY
REGISnRED NURSES
required
For 200-bed accredited haspifal. Sfarfing
so lory $415 with annual increments to
$4B5. Previous experience recognized.
Excellenf personnel policies. Residence oc-
commodation ovailable.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
MISERICORDIA HOSPITAL
Haileybury, Ontario
I JULY 1967
MIRAMICHI HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
NEWCASTLE, N.B.
Inyites applications for the position of
SCIENCE INSTRUCTOR
Student body of 50
For further information,
write to:
Director of Nursing
MIRAMICHI HOSPITAL
Newcastle, N.B.
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
Applicafions are invited for the position
of Director of Nursing for a 1M-bed mo.
dern, occredifed, ocute care haspifol in
scenic British Columbia. A 24-bed psy-
chiatric wing and a SO-bed exfended care
unit are in fhe fino I stages of planning.
Accommodation available in staff res-
idence. Nursing administrotive education
ond experience desiroble. Salary com-
mensurate with qualificotians.
Apply stating qualifications and
expected satary to:
Mr. D. C. Steveson
Administrator
TRAIL-TADANAC HOSPITAL
Trail, British Columbia
ARE YOU INTERESTED IN PATIENT CARE?
JOIN OUR STAFF
THE UNIVERSITY OF
TEXAS HOSPITALS
AT GALVESTON, TEXAS
- A Planned Orient01ion Program
- A Confinuaus Education Program
- Liberol Personnel Policies
Staff Nurse Solories
$482-$620 - Based upon a bacl<ground of
experience and education. $539-$680 in Sep-
tember. $60 differential for nighh or rota-
tion of two shift.. $90 differential for
evenings or rotation of three shift..
Write to:
Potrlcia M. Bosworth, R.N., M.A.
Administrator-Coordinator of Nuninll
THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HOSPITALS
Galveston, Texas 77550
We ore an equol opporfunlty employer
HAMILTON GENERAL HOSPITAL
has immediate openings for
REGISTERED NURSES
Eligible for Onto ria Registrotian. Oppor-
tunities for placement in Medicol, Surgical,
Paediafric, O.R., Recovery, Intensive Care
and Emergency Units with early proma-
fional possibilities. A-I benefits and sola.
ries. Homiltan is a lorge city ideally
located in Soufhern Ontario and has a
fine University.
Apply to:
Personnel Department,
HAMILTON GENERAL HOSPITAL,
Barton Street East,
Hamilton, Ontario
SOUTH WATERLOO
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
GALT, ONTARIO
Additianol Teaching Faculty required fa
assist in formulating 0 two-year pro-
gromme, one-year internship.
Positions in Teaching available imme-
diotelv, Medical Surgical, Paediatrics,
Social Sciences.
Excellent personnel policies.
For further information,
Apply to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
EDUCATION
REGISTERED NURSES
For modern BO-bed General Hospitol ex-
panding to 150 beds, located in an
attroctive, dynomic, sports-oriented com-
munity 50 miles south of Montreol.
Salaries and fringe benefits comparable
to Manfreal. Complete maintenance avail-
oble at a minimol rote
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
BROME-MISSISQUOI-PERKINS
HOSPITAL
Cowan.ville, Que,
THE CANADIAN NURSE 7S
REGISTERED NURSES
required for
B2-bed hospifol. Sifuoted in the Niogoro
Peninsulo. Tronsportatian assistance.
For salary rafes and personnel policies,
apply to:
Director of Nursing
HALDIMAND WAR MEMORIAL
HOSPITAL
Dunnville, Ontario
GRADUATE NURSES
For permanent staff or holiday relief. In
active 164-bed acute Generol Hospifol
with full accreditation, locoted in the
Columbia River Volley in southeastern
British Columbia. Unlimited social and
sports activities including golf, tennis,
swimming, skiing and curling. 40 hour
week; Starfing so lory after regisfration
$390 rising to $466. Four weeks annuol
vacation, 10 stafutory holidays, 1 ' /2 doys
sick leove per month cumulotive to 120
days. Employer-employee porticipotian in
medico I coveroge and superannuation.
Residence occommodation.
For further inlormation apply to:
Director of Nursing
TRAIL.TADANAC HOSPITAL
Trail, British Columbia
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR
OF NURSING SERVICE
Applicafians ore invited for the position
of Assistanf Director of Nursing Service
for a 291-bed fully occredited Generol
Hospital.
Preference will be given to applicants
wifh preparation and experience in nurs-
ing service administrofion.
Apply fo:
Director of Nursing Service
THE GENERAL HOSPITAL
OF PORT ARTHUR
Port Arthur, Ontario
76 THE CANADIAN NURSE
CLINICAL COURSE IN
PSYCHIATRIC NURSING
Offered by
The Deportment of Veferans Affairs, Wesf-
minster Hospital, LONDON, Ontorio. Open
to all Registered Nurses. Enrollment lim-
ifed. Four months duration - commencing
15 Jonuary 1968. Room and meals ot
naminol rates.
For further information
please write:
Director of Nursing
WESTMINSTER HOSPITAL
London, Ontario
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
SARNIA, ONTARIO
Inyites applications for the
positions of:
IN-SERVICE DIRECTOR
EVENING SUPERVISOR
GENERAL DUTY NURSES
32B-bed hospital, excellent personnel po-
licies.
For further information apply:
Director of Nursing
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
Sarnia, Ontario
PETERBOROUGH (IVIC HOSPITAL
School of Nursing requires
INSTRUCTRESS (Nursing Arts)
INSTRUCTRESS (Medical-Surgical Area)
New .elf-contained educotian building for
school of nursing now open.
Trent Universify is sifuoted in peterboraugh
For further information write to:
Director of Nursing
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC
HOSPITAL
Peterborough, Ontario
THE UNIVERSITY OF
WESTERN ONTARIO
SCHOOL OF NURSING
onnoonces
FACULTY POSITIONS
available for the following programmes:
1. A Four-Year Bosic Degree Programme
(B.Sc.N.) beginning in September 1966.
2. Degree Programme for Graduate Reg-
isfered Nurses.
3. Expanding graduofe programmes
(M.Sc.N.).
Enquiries are invifed from quolified per-
sons who are inferested in University
teaching oppartuni1ies in the School of
Nursing of 0 rapidly developing Heolth
Sciences Centre.
For information write to:
The Dean, School of Nursing
THE UNIVERSITY OF
WESTERN ONTARIO
London, Canada
GENERAL DUTY NURSES
and
NURSING ASSISTANTS
Wonted for active General Hospital (125
beds) situoted in St. Anfhony, Newfound-
land, a town of 2,400 and headquarters
of the Infernatianal Grenfell Associafion
which provides medical care for norfhern
Newfoundland ond the coosf of Labrador.
Solories in accordonce wifh ARNN.
For further information
please write:
Mis. Dorothy A. plant
INTERNATIONAL GRENFEll ASSOCIATION
Room 701A, 88 Metcalfe Street,
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO
CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS
required
with preporatian ond experience. Eligible
for B. C. Registration. Medicol, Surgical
ond Poediotric areas.
Sfudent enrollment - 200
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
Victoria, B. C.
JULY 1967
I I
UNITED STATES
UNITED STATES
STAFF NURSES - Here is the opportunity to further
develop your professionol skills ond knowledge in our
t OOO.bed medicol center. We hov. liberol personnel
Iicies with premiums fer evening and night tours.
Our nurses" residence, located in the midst of 33
cultural and educational institutions, oHers low-cost
housing odjocent to the Hospitols. Write for our booklet
on nursing opportunities. Feel free to tell uS whot type
of position you ore seeking. Write: Director of Nurs-
ing. Rccm 600. University Hospitols of Clevelond.
University Circle. Clevelond, Ohio 44106 15.36-1G
STAFF NURSES: To work in Extended Core or Tuber-
culosis Unit. Live in lovely suburbon Clevelond in
2.bedrccm house for $55 0 month including 011
utilities. Modern solory ond excellent fringe benefits.
Write Director of Nursing Service. 04310 Richmond
Rood, Clevelond, Ohio. 15-361 f
GRADUATE NURSES - Wouldn't you like to work
ot 0 modern 532-bed ocute Generol Teoching Hos-
pitol where you would hove: (0) unlimited oppor-
tunities for professional growth and advancement,
Ib) tuition poid for odvonced study, (c) storting
solory of S429 per month (to those with pending
registrotion oS well), (d) progressive personnel poli-
cies, (e) a choice of areas? For further information,
write or call collect: Miss Louise Harrison, Director
of Nursing Service, Mount Sinai Hospital, University
Circle, Clevelond. Ohio 44106. Phone SWeetbrior
5-6000. 15-36-1 D
Registered Nurse (Scenic Oregon vocotion ploy-
ground, skiing, swimming, boating & cultural
events) for 295-bed teoching unit on compus of
University of Oregon medicol school. Solory storts
ot $575. Poy diHerentiol for nights ond evenings.
liberal policy for advancement, vacations, sick
reove. holidoys. Apply: Multnomoh Hospitol, Port.
lond. Oregon. 97201. 15-38-1
ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
MONTREAL r QUEBEC
POSTGRADUATE COURSES
1. (a) .Six month clinical course in Obstetrical Nursing.
Classes - September and March.
(b)
Two month clinical course in Gynecological Nursing.
Classes following the six month course in Obstetrical
Nursing.
(c) Eight week course in Care of the Premature Infant.
2.
Six month course in Operating Room Technique.
Classes - September and March.
3.
Six month course in Theory and Practice in Psychiatric
Nursing.
Classes - September and March.
For information and details of the courses, apply to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL
Montreal, P.Q.
JULY 1967
UNIVERSITY OF
BRITISH COLUMBIA
School of Nursing
DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC
NURSING
DEGREE COURSE FOR
GRADUATE NURSES
Both of these courses lead to the
B.S.N. degree. Graduates are pre-
pared for public health as well as
hospital nursing positions.
DIPLOMA COURSES FOR
GRADUATE NURSES
1. Public Health Nursing.
2. Administration of Hospital
Nursing Units.
3. Psychiatric Nursing.
For information write to:
The Director
SCHOOL OF NURSING
UNIVERSITY OF B.C.
Vancouver 8, B.C,
THE WINNIPEG
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Offers fhe following opporfunity for od.
vanced preparation 10 qualified Registered
Groduote Nurses:
A SIX MONTH CLINICAL COURSE
in
OPERATING ROOM
PRINCIPLES AND ADVANCED
PRACTICE
The course commences in September of
each yeor. Maintenance is provided. and
a reosonoble stipend is given each month.
Enrolment is limited to a maximum of
ten students.
For further information please
write to:
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING
700 William Ave.
Winnipeg 3
THE CANADIAN NURSE 77
Ð
j
,---t: _
DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY
DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC NURSING - (B.N.)
An integrofed program extending over four co lendar yeors is of-
fered to candidates with Senior Matriculation ond prepares fhe sfu-
dent for nursing pracfices in the cammunify and hospifals.
;"'I"I'ft
.-
'.
-
II'"
!
-,
---'- .
DEGREE COURSE FOR REGISTERED NURSES - (B.N.)
A program extending over three academic yeon is offered to Re-
gisfered Nurses who wish to obfoin a Bachelor of Nursing degree.
The course includes studies in the humanities, sciences, and a
nursing specialty.
Applications are invited from
REGISTERED NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS
For full time, 40 hour week, Rotation Duty.
One Weekend off Duty every three weeks.
Vacancies in Medical. Surgical, Obstetric,
Paediatric, Operating Room, Intensive Care
and Emergency Unit. Active Inservice and
Orientation programs as well as excellent
personnel policies and fringe benefits.
DIPLOMA COURSES FOR REGISTERED NURSES -
1 YEAR
(1) Nursing Service Administrofion
(2) Public Health Nursing
(3) Teaching in Schools of Nursing
DIPLOMA COURSE FOR REGISTERED NURSES
2 YEARS
Outposf Nursing Course extending over two calendor years ond
leading to a Diploma in Public Health Nursing and a Diplomo in
Outpost Nursing.
For further information apply to:
Director, School of Nursing
DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY
Halifax, N.S.
Director of Nursing
TORONTO EAST GENERAL
AND ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
TORONTO, ONTARIO
REGISTERED NURSES
and
REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS
lOO-bed fully accredited hospital provides
experience in Operafing Room. Recovery
Room, Intensive Core Unit, Pediotrics
Orthopedics, Psychiafry, GeneroJ Surgery
and Medicine.
Orientation ond Active Inservice program
for all stoff.
Solary is commensurate wifh preparotian
and experience.
Benefits include Canada Pension Pion
Hospifol Pension Plan, Group Life Insu:
rance. After 3 months, cumulative sick
leove - Ontario Hospital Insuronce -
50% payment by hospital.
Rotating Periods of duty - riO hour week,
B statutory holidays - annual vacafion
3 weeks offer one yeor.
Apply:
Alliltant Director of
Nurainll Service
ST. JOSEPHrS HOSPITAL
30 The QueenlwClY
Toronto 3, OntClrlo
78 THE CANADIAN NURSE
ASSOCIATE
DIRECTOR
OF
NURSING EDUCATION
Applications are invited for the
above position in an ultra-mod-
ern school of nursing located in
South Western Ontario.
Annual enrollment of 50 stu-
dents. Two-plus-One program
commencing Sept. 1968. Mini-
mum requirement - B.Sc.N. with
several years experience.
Apply to:
BOX "B"
CANADIAN NURSE JOURNAL
50 The Driveway
Ottawa 4, Ontario
Toronto 6, Ontario
THE HOSPITAL
FOR
SICK CHILDREN
School of Nursing
Applications are invited for the
TEACHING STAFF
Opportunity to participate in
Curriculum Development. Chan-
ges anticipated for 1968 in Basic
Nursing Program and Affiliate
Program.
QUALIFICA nONS:
Bachelor of Science in Nursing
or Diploma in Nursing Education.
Solaries are according to educa-
tion and experience.
For further information,
write to:
The Associate Director of
Nursing Education
THE HOSPITAL FOR
SICK CHILDREN
Toronto 2, Ontario
JULY 1967
PALO ALTO-STANFORD
HOSPITAL CENTER
located on the beautiful campus of Stanford University in Palo Alto, California.
'1 - L
'4
.
-
r-
-
"We invite you to join our professional staff and to gain unparalled experiences in
nursing."
For additional information-
NAME:
ADDRESS:
CITY:
SERVICE DESIRED:
Return to: PALO ALTO-STANFORD HOSPITAL CENTER
Personnel Department
300 Pasteur Drive
Palo Alto, California
STATE:
MOVING l
MARRIED 1
All correspondence to THE CANADIAN NURSE
should be accomponied by our most recent
address label or imprint. (Attach in space pro-
vided at right.)
ARE YOU
o Receiving duplicate copies?
o Actively registered with more than one pro-
vincial nurses' association?
permanent reg. no.
provincial associafian
permanent reg. no.
provincial association
o
Transferring registration from one provincial
nurses' association to another?
FROM: ..
provincial ass'n.
permanenf reg. no.
TO:
provincial ass.n. permanent reg. no.
OTHER ADJUSTMENT REQUESTED:
b
WISH AN ADJUSTMENTl
---------------1
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to be assured of I
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1______---------
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The Canadian Nurse cannot guarantee back copies
unless change or interruption in delivery is reported
within six weeks!
ADDRESS ALL INQUIRIES TO:
The Canadian Nurse, Circulation Dept.
50 The Driveway
Ottawa 4, Canada
JULY 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 79
TORONTO GENERAL
HOSPITAL
1820-1967
UNIVERSITY TEACHING
AND RESEARCH CENTRE
(1,300 Beds)
PROFESSIONAL GROWTH
Planned Programmes in
- Orientation
- Staff Education
- Staff Development
PERSONNEL POLICIES
Salaries:
- Commensurate with Qualifications, Experience
- 3 weeks vacation
- 8 statutory holidays
- Cumulative Sick leave
- Pension Plan
- Hospitalization and medical insurance plan.
- Uniforms laundered Free
OPPORTUNITIES FOR
General Staff Nurses
Registered Nursing Assistants
in
Clinical Services:
- Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics, Gynaecology
Specialty Units:
- Cardiovascular, Clinical Investigation, Coro-
nary, Neurosurgery, Psychiatry, Operating
Room, Recovery Room, Renal dialysis, Res-
piratory
Administrative and Teaching Positions:
- Consideration given to applicants with Uni-
versity preparation and/ or experience.
Applicants' requests for any of the above positions
will be given careful consideration.
For additional information write:
Miss M. Jean Dodds,
Director of Nursing,
TORONTO GENERAL HOSPITAL
101 College Street
Toronto 2, Ontario.
80 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Index
to
advertisers
July 1967
Abbott Laboratories Limited ...
American Sterilizer Company -
2
13
Ames Company of Canada, Ltd. .... ... Cover IV
Canadian Tampax Corporation Limited ..... 21
M. J. Chase Co. Inc. .
Charles E. Frosst & Co.
Hollister Limited
54
17
22
Frank W. Horner Company 23
J. Morgan Jones Publications Ltd. ...... 11
Lacross Uniform Co. Cover III
Lakeside Laboratories (Canada) Ltd. 30
Lewis-Howe Company (Turns) ..... 54
Medical Products 3M Company - 27
C. V. Mosby Co. 53
J. T. Posey Company 28
Reeves Company 12
Town Imports
White Sister Uniform
15
Cover II, pp. 1,5,6,7,8
Winley-Morris Company Ltd.
16
Advertising
Manager
Ruth H. Baumel,
The Canadian Nurse
50 The Driveway,
Ottawa 4, Ontario
Advertising Representatives
Richard P. Wilson,
219 East Lancaster Avenue,
Ardmore, Penna. 19003
Vanco Publications,
170 The Donway West,
Suite 408, Don Mills, Onto
Member of Canadian
Circulation Audit Board Inc
I3æE
JULY 1967
August 1967
U"T V
!)"' r -
".
ó\
1 Y OF OTTAWA
SCl1uOL OF NUHSlh' ·
O
A u
.1.1
A. ONT.
ff:!
I2-67-Q-L-I0<1_D
The
Canadian
Nurse
...-:." t ..
ft
jr
...;,
new image for the
hospital chaplai n
advantages of an
adolescent unit
a plan for
inservice education
c
v
rs
WATER
.
BACTERIA
AIR
, .
\f\I\N\N\J\J \J\f\MN\N
, .
Elastoplast Airstrip dressings
keep water and bacteria out...
let air in to speed healing.
\Ve tested Airstrip in the
laboratory, under closely
controlled conditions. Then
we tested it under emergency
conditions in big London
hos pi tals.
Results? Airstrip proved to be
both waterproof and washable
a"d an efficient microbe filter.
It totally excludes water and
both air-borne and \\'ater-borne
bacteria. yet lets air through
to the wound. \Younds, and
even surgical incisions, healed
in far less time than with
standard dressings. Risk of
cross infection was reduced to
a minimum. Hemoval is pain-
less and the special large size
wound dressings are manu-
factured with a soft, highly
absorbent, non-adherent centre
pad which ",ill not stick to the
wound or sutures-nor does
granulation tissue grow into it.
\Vant more information?
\Y rite to:
The
ledical Division,
Smith &
ephew Limited,
2100 52nd .\venue,
Lachine, P.().
Elastoplast (
&N)
.........
,..
......
"!.IIr"
"
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Use Abbott's Butterfly Infusion Set
in an adult arm?
Certainly. The fact is. today more Abbott
"Butterfly Infusion Sets" are used in adult
arms and hands, etc., than in infant
scalps.
Good reason.
Abbott's Butterfly Infusion Set simplifies
venipuncture in difficult patients. It has
proved fine in squirming infants. But it has
proved equally helpful in restless adults.
and in oldsters with fragile. rolling veins.
And. once in place. the small needle.
ultraflexlble tubing. and stabilizing wings
tend to prevent needle movement. and to
avoid vascular damage.
Folding Butterfly Wings
The Butterfly wings are flexible. Like a
butterfly. They fold upward for easy grasp-
ing. They let you manoeuver the needle
with great accuracy. even when the
Abbott's Butterfly
ABBOTT LABORATORIES LIMITED
AUGUST 1967
Five Peel-Pack Sets
To accommodate patients of various ages.
Abbott supplies Butterfly Infusion Sets in
5 sizes. Four provide thinwall (extra-
capacity) needles. The Butterfly-25. -23.
-21 and -19 come with a small-lumen
vinyl tubmg. The 16-gauge size. however.
provides tubing of proportionately en-
larged capacity. and thus is particularly
suited to mass blood or solution infusions
in surgery.
The sets are supplied m sterile "peel-
pack" envelopes. Just peel the envelope
apart. Drop the set onto a sterile tray-
it's ready for use in any sterile area. Your
Abbott Man will gladly give you e:J
material for evaluation. Or
write to Abbott Laboratories. A"OTT
Box 6150. Montreal. Quebec.
needle shaft is held flat against the skin.
Then. once the needle is inserted. the
wings spread flat. They conform to the
skin. They provide a stable anchorage for
taping. The needle can be immobilized so
securely and so flat to the skin that there
is little hazard of a fretful patient dis-
lodging or moving it.
N
a
BUTTERFLY.23
IIfIMl sn
'.-.,c-..SUIfIi........S.
Infusion Set
23 G
-
HALIFAX. MONTREAL. TORONTO. WINNIPEG . VANCOUVER
435Y
THE CANADIAN NURSE 1
Companion for Comfort
,
THE
,
SHOE
fpt tM-w
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T"AOII: "'''''''''5 "I[L US. PAY. OF". . CANAOA. ......D< IN U.S A.
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SOME STYLES ALSO AVAILABLE IN COLORS.", SOME STYLES 3Y2-12 AAAA-E,16.95 to 21.95
For a complimentary pair of white shoelaces, folder showing all the smart Clinic styles. and list of stores selling them. write:
THE CLINIC SHOEMAKERS · Dept.CN8, 1221 Locust St. . St. Louis, Mo. 63103
The
Canadian
Nurse
ð
A monthly journal for the nurses of Canada published
in English and french editions by the Canadian Nurses' Association
Volume 63, Number 8
August 1967
25 Manpower Problems in Nursing
29 New Image for the Hospital Chaplain
32 Inservice Education ..
35 A Problem-Solving Approach
39 Unit-Based Inservice Education
H. K. Mussallem
R. A. Wallace
M. Callin
E. Hykawy
L. Gauthier, M. Sheahan,
M. Sutherland
43 Adolescents in Hospital
46 Manipulation in a Nurse-Patient Relationship
48 The Changing Voice of Protest
50 Seals for Patients
H. Lussier-Gauthier
L. Okkenhaug
E. Johnson, E. deJong, M. Foster
The views expressed in the various articles are the views of the authors and do not
necessarily represent the policies or views of the Canadian Nurses' Association.
4 Letters 7 News
18 Names 20 Dates
21 New Products 23 In a Capsule
52 Books 54 Films
55 Accession List
Execulive Director: Helen K. Mussallem .
Editor: Vlrgtnla A. Ltndabury . Assistant
Editor: Gtennts N. ZlIm . Editorial Assistant:
Carla D. Penn . Circutation Manager: Pter-
rette Hotte . Advertising Manager: Ruth H.
Baumet . SubscrIption Rates: Canada: One
Year, $4.50, two years. SS.OO. Foreign: One
Year, 15.00; two years, $9.00. Singte copies:
50 cents each. Make cheques or money orders
pavable to The Canadian Nurse. Change of
Address: Fc.ur weeks' notice and the old
address as well as the new are necessary. Not
responsible for journals lost in mail due to
errors in address.
@ Canadian Nurses' Association, 1967
Manuscrtpt Information: "The Canadian
Nurse" welcomes unsolicited articles. All
manuscripts should be typed, double-spaced,
on one side of unruted paper leaving wide
margins. Manuscripts are accepted for review
for exclusive publication. The editor reserves
the right to make the usual editorial changes.
Photographs (glossy prints) and graphs and
diagrams (drawn in india ink on white paper)
are welcomed with such articles. The editor
is not committed to publish all articles sent,
nor to indicate defimte dates of publication.
Authorized as Second-Class Mail by the Post
Office Department, Ottawa, and for. payment
of postage in cash. Postpaid at Montreal.
Return Postage Guaranteed. SO The Driveway,
Ottawa 4. Ontario.
AUGUST 1967
"We are not moving [to Ottawa] to
do lobbying," said Dr. Arthur Peart,
general secretary of the Canadian
Medical Association, in explaining to
reporters CMA's plans to move its
headquarters from Toronto.
.'What's wrong with lobbying?" asks
an editorial in The Medical Post (a
Maclean-Hunter publication for
Canadian doctors) in response to Dr.
Peart's denial. "There is no need to
apologize for lobbying," it continues.
The editorial then suggests that CMA
drop its "gentlemanly approach" in
dealing with the federal government,
and adopt more effective means of
communication through lobbying.
The art of lobbying. which can be
defined as the attempt of individuals
or groups to influence legislative
proceedings, has acquired a somewhat
shabby reputation in this country. For
most nurses, it probably has the same
connotation as collective
bargaining had I 0 years ago, i.e., a
questionable procedure used by selfish
parties to get their own way - and
something to be shunned by profes-
sionals.
Yet lobbying, in its most desirable
forms, is extremely useful in a demo-
cratic society. The Encyclo{Jedia
Britannica goes even further. It states,
"It is . . . fair to say that by democratic
standards one index of a healthy
political society is the number of
visible lobbies actively contending in
the public forum."
An effective lobby can provide busy
government personnel with pertinent,
reliable information and expert opin-
ion in a given field of knowledge. In
this way it can influence policy-making
decisions in a constructive manner.
Witness the Canadian Federation of
Agriculture, an organization that is
reported to work so closely with the
federal Department of Agriculture
that the latter consults it whenevcr
change of policy is considered.
The Canadian Nurses. Association
lobbies the government in indirect and
sometimes direct ways. Editorials con-
cerning social injustices are sent to
members of parliament; pamphlets
and press releases that explain the
association's policies, beliefs. and
activities reach the desks of various
cabinet ministers; and meetings are
held with government officials to
present CNA's viewpoint on urgent
matters.
It is que
tionable whether this
informal type of lobbying is thc most
effective means of communication.
And with the federal government's
increasing concern for legislation in
health and welfare. it is imperative
that we find the most effective means
of communication and use it.
After all, the largest group of health
workers in the country should have a
fair amount to say about legislation
thaI affects the public's health and
welfare. - Editor.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 3
letters
{
letters to the editor are welcome.
Only signed letters will be considered for publication
Name will be withheld at the writer's request.
Clarification, please
Dear Editor:
A portion of the "News" on page 7 (May,
1967) - specifically that under the caption
"Nursing Education Committee Recom-
mends Strong Controversial Policies" -
caused me some concern. The title seems
appropriate.
Before requested action is taken could
we please have some clarification of tenns?
Has the title "nurse practitioner" been ap-
proved and accepted by the profession?
It is surely the least euphonious title yet
to be applied to a long suffering group of
nursing personnel. Does one assume that
the term applies to a nurse registered within
the terms of the legislation? Does it include
graduate nurses who are not registered and
whose qualifications mayor may not meet
registration standards? Are auxiliary nursing
personnel considered to be nurse practi-
tioners? What about a whole heterogeneous
collection of people who call themselves
"nurses" regardless of their qualifications
or the opinions of the organized group of
the profession? If we must use this hideous
title, let us at least hyphenate the nouns.
Better still, let us get rid of it .md speak
of the practice of nursing.
Where did we dredge up "licen
Llre" in
thi
context? Can we not say what we
mean - "eligible to be licensed as register-
ed nurses?""
Again. instead of misusing nouns for ad-
jectives, why are we not speaking of "edu-
cational system" or "system of education?"
When we speak so glibly about phasing
out present programs for "licensed. certi-
fied. registered assistants" is this term gene-
rally accepted across Canada? In Ontario, I
believe, "Registered Nursing Assistant" is
correct for part of the group described. I
could not help but wonder whether these
women, who are usually intensely loyal
to their group and proud of their identity,
have accepted the plans projected for them.
In the article, the word "Beliefs" occurs
with the monotonous regularity once asso-
ciated with the exhortations of the old-time
tent evangelists and seems almost as vague.
The last sentence constitutes one of the
saddest reflections upon nursing of today.
"Tremendous resources (financial, clinical
and hum:m)." Plea
e note the order.
What is our greatest resource in this con-
text? Surely it is the "human'. resource. If
we cannot learn how to make the best pos-
sible use of our human resources by better
utilization of clinical facilities provided by
financial a
sistance, We are in danger of
betraying not only our profession but the
4 THE CANADIAN NURSE
generation. But. let us not forget that first
we must have the people upon whom to
spend our other resources. - Margaret
Outtier, Toronto.
Comments on materia medica
Dear Editor:
We have had many discussions regarding
the arithmetic course in our hospital school
and I believe this subject should be taught
more uniformly in all Canadian Schools of
Nursing. We have pondered whether the
time has come for us to omit teaching the
apothecaries' system entirely. Medical stu-
dents are now taught only the metric sys-
tem and interns and most doctors order all
their dosages in metric measures in our
hospital. Modern hospital formularies use
the metric system.
Should we teach students the arithmetic
necessary for making solutions for subcu-
taneous injection from tablets and parts of
tablets? All such solutions in our hospital
are now either prepared in the pharmacy or
purchased in solution form from various
drug companies.
Should we teach more, or less, about dis-
solving and preparing solutions from pure
forms of drugs? Directions regarding the
preparation of these solutions - e.g. pow-
dered forms of antibiotics for 1M admin-
istration - always accompany the drug.
Intelligent reading and following of these
directions ensures accurate preparation of
the drug for administration.
Nurses now are seldom required to dilute
stock solutions to make weaker solutions.
Again, directions are usually on the label
and careful reading and carrying out of
these directions are usually all that the
nurse is required to do. Should we still
teach formulas for these types of problems
- or simply stress the reading and follow-
ing of directions accurately?
Am I very old-fashioned in thinking that
a nurse should still know how to prepare
any and all solutions, measure all amounts
to the last grain and minim, and work out
strengths of solutions in ratio and percent-
age? I consider this to be simple arithmetic.
not beyond the ability of any student who
has completed elementary school math. I
also believe that every student, in each of
her three years in training, should be re-
quired to make 80% to pass this subject.
Perhaps teachers from other hospital
schools could offer suggestions for teaching
arithmetic to student nurses through the
journal. I am sure everyone agrees that the
student should not be taught just the arith-
metic necessary to meet the needs to nurse
in her home school. We do expect her to
be a safe nurse in any hospital or situation
- with or without a pharmacy and/or a
pharmacist to do her math for her! -
(Mrs.) Margaret Wishlow, Royal Columbian
Hospital, New Westminster, B.C.
libarian writes
Dear Editor:
It was with mixed feelings that I perused
the "Suggested books and journals for hos-
pital libraries" in the February issue of
Canadian Hospital. At first, I was pleased
to see that a list prepared as a guide for
libraries in one province was being made
available to all Canadian libraries, but on
reading the section on nursing literature, I
was struck by the absence of badly needed
reference materials that do exist, and on the
other hand, the inclusion of publications
that are obsolete Or not available.
The Canadian Nurses' Association seems
to be obvious source for an authoritative list.
One such reference list, providing Canadian
references to augment a list published in
Nursinl? Outlook, July, 1966, and that was
published in THE CANADIAN NURSE (October,
1966) was very helpful.
Nursing libraries across the country are
just beginning to develop and they should
be provided with the best assistance. Could
not the Canadian Nurses' Association pre-
pare a reference list for nursing libraries
and publish this in a future issue? - (Miss)
Mabel C. Brown, Librarian, School of Nurs-
ing, Ottawa Civic Hospital.
Informative journal
Dear Editor:
I have really enjoyed the gift subscription
to THE CANADIAN NURSE for the last six
years.
This journal is indeed very interesting and
educational. as each issue presents topics
of importance. It helps a nurse in a foreign
country (Jess developed) to get some idea
about how modern nursing is progressing in
an advanced country like yours. - J .C.E.
Acqual, Ghana, West Africa.
Dear Editor:
Your excellent magazine has provided
me with enjoyable and informative reading
in the past. and I look forward to receiv-
ing it in the future. It has improved stead-
ily both in content and in form over the
last five years, and has become a mature
and worthy professional paper. Thank you
for making it so. Patricia R. Nendick,
Vancouver, B.c. 0
AUGUST 1967
Save hours of your time D 1 1 @
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Even modern enema equipment is cumbersome and time-.
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bedpans-all must be drawn from Central Supply, in-
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able morning time and becomes a real burden when you
have several patients needing enemas.
And, more often than not, your patients are distressed at
the prospect of discomfort and loss of dignity-especially
the elderly, the seriously ill, or postpartum and post-
surgical patients.
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Dulcolax Suppositories offer a sure, simple way to elimi-
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Dulcolax Suppositories usually act in 15 minutes to 1 hour,
so you can time evacuations and reduce accidents. You
can finish the whole ward in less time. with less effort,
less soiled linen.
Boehringer Ingelheim Products
Division of Geigy (Canada) Limited, Montreal
8-511 3-65
Recent
Publications
NURSES' HANDBOOK OF FLUID BALANCE
By Norma Milligan Metheny, R.N., M.S.; and
W. D. Snively, Jr., M.D.
A new and vitally important book on body fluid disturb-
ances. Discussions consider the nurse's role in observation.
interpretation and intervention; what 10 look tor-how to
look for it-and what to do about it. 279 Pages 1967
$7.50.
SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING
(Formerly Science Principles Applied to Nursing)
By Madelyn T. Nordmark, R.N., M.S.; and Ann
W. Rohweder, R.N., M.N.
Applying principles and facts from the biophysical. social
and behavioral sciences. this text bridges the gap between
scientific theory and clinical practice. An indispensable
educational tool for students. 385 Pages 2nd Edition.
1967. Paperbound. $5.25 Clothbound. $7.50.
FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICATIONS
A Text-Workbook of Dosage, Solutions, Math-
ematics and Introductory Pharmacology
By J. B. Plein, M.S., Ph.D.; and E. M. Plein,
M.S., Ph.D.
Offers a complete course in the mathematics of drugs and
solutions. Content also includes sources of drugs. dosage
forms and routes of administration. medication orders. and
legislation regulating the use of drugs. About 125 Pages.
1967 Paperbound. about $4.00.
PATIENT STUDIES IN MEDICAL-SURGICAL
NURSING
By Jane Secor, R.N., M.A.
The twenty.six patient studies in this stimulating supple-
mentary text provide the student with a tool for in.depth
learning and problem solving. Case historical descriptions
demonstrate the type of physical and emotional support
required by patients who have major medical or surgical
problems. 401 Pages 1967 Paperbound. $5.50.
(\
FOUNDATIONS OF PEDIATRIC NURSING
By Violet Broadribb, R.N., M.S.
Tbe cardinal principles of pediatric nursing are presented
in this compact. highly readable new textbook. The pre-
sentation is structured according to age groups and
covers normal development and the child's reactions in
common conditions of illness. The student receives prac-
tical guidance and specific suggestions for nursing meas-
ures. 581 Pages 1967 Paperbound, $5.40. Clothbound.
$8.00.
BASIC PSYCHIATRIC CONCEPTS IN
NURSING
By Charles K. Hofling, M.D.; Madeleine M.
leininger, M.S.N., Ph.D.; and Elizabeth A.
Bregg, R.N., B.S.
The Second Edition of this widely. adopted text stresses
nursing care with emphasis on problem-solving, process
recording. and short and long-term nursing goals. Ad.
ditional patient.studies have been interspersed to strength-
en the student's understanding of nurse.patient interac-
tion. 575 Pages 2nd Edition. 1967 $7.25.
A HISTORY OF THE INTERNATIONAL
COUNCIL OF NURSES:
The First Sixty-Five Years
By Daisy C. Bridges, S.R.N., S.C.M.
A look in retrospect at the !.C.N.. which now represents
almost half a million nurses in 50 countries. This historical
survey illuminates the council's purpose, background.
present status and future goals; tracing events from the
first meeting in 1901 to the most recent meeting in 1965.
247 Pages 1967. About $8.60.
I
PPinco
J. B. Lippincott Company of Canada Ltd. r
60 Front St. West, Toronto 1, Onto
6 THE CANADIAN NURSE
AUGUST 1967
news
CNF Scholarships Awarded
OttClwa. - Thirteen Canadian nurses have
been awarded a total of $36.700 by the
Canadian Nurses' Foundation to pursue
studies for doctoral and master's degrees in
the 1967-68 academic year.
The thirteen nurses selected for leader-
ship potential and who will receive awards
ranging from $1.000 to $4.500 are:
Miss Shirley M. Stinson, Tofield. Alberta
Miss Dorothy J. Kergin. New West-
minster. RC.
Miss Michelle Marion, Noranda, Quebec
Miss Margaret J. Moncrieff, North Van-
couver, RC.
Miss Dorothy M. Pringle, Hamilton,
Ontario
Miss Beverly J. Mitchell. North Van-
couver. RC.
Miss Norma M. M. Dick, Langley. RC.
Miss Phyllis E. Jones, Toronto. Ontario
Miss Mary E. Barrett. Ingersoll. Ontario
Miss Peggy Saunders, Brooks, Alberta
Mrs. Grace V. Davis. Winnipeg, Manitoba
Miss Gloria A. Gatehouse, Chateauguay,
Quebec
Miss Mary-Ellen Jeans, Stratford, Ontario.
Two of the nurses, Miss Stinson and
Miss Kergin, will study for doctoral degrees.
With this year's awards, a total of 57
Canadian nurses have been given financial
assistance by the Foundation since its in-
corporation in 1962.
CNA Nursing Service Committee
Favors Nursing Specialists
Ottawa. - The introduction of clinical
nursing specialists into nursing service would
enrich the quality of nursing care given
in this country. members of the Canadian
Nurses' Association Committee on Nursing
Service stated at their meeting at CNA
House in June.
In formulating statements of belief, which
will be referred to the CNA Board of
Directors for approval in September. com-
mittee members discussed the qualifications
needed by the clinical nursing specialist
and outlined her area of responsibility.
During the three-day meeting. the Com-
mittee heard a report on the success of the
regioml workshops being conducted by
CNA for directors of nursing service in hos-
pitals; discussed a recommendation from
the federal government's Maternal and
Child Health Advisory Committee concern-
ing additional facilities for post-basic pro-
grams in advanced maternity nursing; ånd
examined ways in which other departments
within an agency could provide support to
AUGUST 1967
ICN Adopts Congress Symbol
I
"
CONSEIL INTERNATIONAL
DES INFIRMI
RES
XIVe CONGR
S
OUADRIENNAL 1969
MONTR
AL CANADA
El'ian, France. - The Council of National
Representatives of the International Coun-
cil of Nurses officially adopted the symbol
for the 1969 Quadrennial Congress at its
meeting in Evian, France, at the end of
June. The 14th Quadrennial Congress,
which will take place in Montreal June
23-29, 1969, will take as its theme "Focus
on the Future."
The symbol for the 1969 meeting was
INTERNATIONAL
COUNCIL OF NURSES
14th OUADRENNIAL
CONGRESS 1969
MONTREAL CANADA
) I
prepared and submitted by the Canadian
Nurses' Association. The colors will be
blue and white.
The ICN adopts a new symbol for each
quadrennial meeting. It is used by the
63-member organization for promotion
and publicity for the Congress.
The symbol adapts well to the multi-
lingual aspect of the ICN as the corner
slogans are easily changed.
professional care services.
The Committee, one of the Association's
three policy-recommending standing com-
mittees, will hold its second meeting of
the 1966-68 biennium in November. 1967.
ICN Council of Representatives
Meets in France
Evian. France. - The Palais des Festi-
vités at Evian presented a colorful scene
on the opening day of the National Council
of Representatives Meeting on June 26.
Draped across the back of the platform
were the flags of the 45 countries that
were represented.
The Council of National Representatives
is the policy-making, voting body of the
ICN. It meets every two years; this was
the first time in its new form and under
this name, since the ICN constitution was
revised in 1965. The agenda included the
reports of the Membership and Professional
Services Committees, matters relating to
the Florence Nightingale International
Foundation. and plans for the ICN XIVth
Quadrenial Congress in 1969, with the final
choice of theme for this occasion. The
Administrative and Finance Committee and
Board of Directors met first on June 22,
23 and 24.
Mademoiselle Jane Martin. president of
the National Association of Trained Nurses
of France, in a message for the occasion,
said how delighted the Association was to
receive the representatives in France and
extended a warm welcome to each one.
In the body of the hall, presidents and
executive secretaries from the national
nurses' associations in membership with the
ICN, together with the members of the
ICN Board of Directors and observers from
the League of Red Cross Societies and the
World Health Organization. listened atten-
tively to the opening address. Dr. Boulenger,
director general of public health, Ministère
des Affaires Sociales, spoke of the questions
in which he had a special interest: promo-
tion of international programs for advanc-
ed studies in nursing; expansion of health
services that would provide further home
treatment and care; and improved social
THE CANADIAN NURSE 7
news
"
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--
CAIIAD"
Sister Mary Felicitas, president, and
Dr Helen K. Mussallem, executive di-
recior of the Canadian Nurses' Asso-
ciation attend the [CN Council of Re-
presentatives in Evian, France.
and economic conditions for nurses to
encourage recruitment and the opportunity
of maintaining high ide.!ls in the profes-
sion, for the well being of all.
At the start of the morning session, Miss
Alice Girard, ICN president, had expressed
a warm welcome to the participants and
had declared the first meeting of the Coun-
cil of National Representatives open. Miss
Girard announced that it was with regret
that the Board of Directors had accepted
the resignation of Miss Helen Nussbaum,
ICN executive director.
Miss Girard announced that Miss Sheila
Quinn. deputy executive director, had been
appointed executive director designate, and
would take office as executive director on
January 1st, 1968.
As a relaxation from the five days of
working sessions, an excursion to Chamonix,
Mont Blanc, followed by dinner in a typical
cave in Montreux, was arranged by the
hostess association. On the last evening a
banquet was given by the Société des Eaux
d'Evian. At the conclusion of the meetings,
while the Board of Directors held a final
one-day meeting in Evian, many of the
participants traveled to Lyon to visit the
International Post-Graduate School of
Nursing.
MARN Annual Meeting:
Resolutions Call for Action
WinnipeR. - The Manitoba Association
of Registered Nurses faces a busy year as
the executive begin action on resolutions
passed at the annual meeting June 8-9 in
Winnipeg. More than 400 nurses attending
the meeting supported resolutions that will
.Isk the provincial government to finance a
study on nurse re
ources in the province;
to consider the establishment of nursery
8 THE CANADIAN NURSE
..
schools and housekeeper services that would
permit married nurses to return to active
status; and to support a master's program
in nursing at the University of Manitoba.
Further, the federal government is to be
approached and asked to revise the income
tax act to aid the working woman with
dependents and to help attract married
women to return to work.
As well as putting pressure on federal
and provincial governments to help alleviate
the shortage of nurses in the province,
MARN has resolved to work even more
closely with high school counselors so
that high school students will better under-
stand the requirements necessary for nursing
and be more attracted to the profession.
The MARN will also proceed with plans
for a new one-story building for dssociation
offices.
Two other resolutions urged support for
proposals from the Canadian Nurses. As-
sociation: the Association supported the
CNA's basic salary goal of $6,000 per
year and also CNA's position on nursing
education.
The two-day meeting, one of the largest in
the history of the Association, was held
at the same time as the Western Canada
Hospital Institute. The two groups joined
for one general session to hear keynote
speaker Dr. Helen K. Mussallem, executive
director, CNA, speak on nurse manpower.
More than 900 persons crowded into the
auditorium to hear the address.
Executive Director of MARN, Margaret
E. Cameron. reported on the growth of the
Association. Four full-time professional staff
members have been added to help the As-
sociation assume its duties and respons-
ibilities.
CHA Opposes Change
In Nursing Education
Montreal. - According to reports by the
Canadian Press, the Canadian Hospital As-
sociation has critized attempts to move the
education of nurses from hospital jurisdic-
tion.
At its annual meeting in Montreal, the
Association is reported to have charged
th;>t such a move could jeopardize the
quantity and quality of nursing and "cons-
titutes a serious threat to the hospital care
of the sick."
The CHA has a hospital membership of
1.3 91.
The hospital association proposes that
new programs in nursing education should
be developed on an experimental basis only,
and not adopted until they have "demons-
(Colllinued on page 10)
Life-size Anatomy at Expo 67
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Now there's a man you can see through, Miss J. Hébert seems to be saying
as she examine.f the exhibit of the transparellt man and woman in the Man
and His Health Theme Pavilion at Expo 67. The transparent man and
woman, situted in a glass case near the Nurses' Station where Miss H
berr
was on duty, permits visitors to see bone structure, bloo(! and Irmph Circul-
ation, and the nerVous system. A recorded commentary IS proVided
n te/
-
phone sets for those who wish to learn details of these svstem
.. MIss l-!e-
bert is one of 21 graduates who staff a CN A - sponsored exhtbtt showmg
how nurses work in today's intensive observation units.
AUGUST 1967
your
- Own
.
llands:
..
/
soft testimony to your patients' comfort
Your own hands are testimony to Dermassage's effectiveness, Applied by your
soft, practiced hands, Dermassage alleviates your patient's minor skin irritations
and discomfort. It adds a welcome, soothing touch to tender, sheet-burned
skin; relieves dryness, itching and cracking. . . aids in preventing decubitus
ulcers. In short, Dermassage is "the topical tranquilizer". . . it relaxes the patient
. , , helps make his hospital stay more pleasant.
You will like Dermassage for other reasons, too, A body rub with it saves your time
and energy, Massage is gentle, smooth and fast. You needn't follow-up with
talcum and there is no greasiness to clean away. It won't stain or soil linens or
bed-clothes, You can easily make friends with Dermassage-send for a sample!
Now available in new, 16 ounce plastic container with convenient flip-top closure.
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c:;ø LAKESIDE LABORATORIES (CANADA) LTD.
64 Colgate Avenue. Toronto e, Ontario
AUGUST 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 9
news
trated their abilit} to provide a continuing
and adequate suppl} of
killed nursing per-
sonne I. ..
The C Jnadian 1'.ußes' A
ociation hJS
resohed to continue to pre', to ha'e nursing
educ.ltion pl.lced under educational ausplce
.
It maintdins that studies ha"e completel}
pro'en the "onh of such a program and
that delay "ill only be detrimental to the
health of the people of Canada.
Nurses Invited as Observers
To CMA "Parliament"
QlIeb
C'. - The CanJdian
uße<.' Asso-
ciation ,ent t"o nurse ob<.eners to the
lOOth annual meeting of the General
Council of the Canadian \fedical A
,o-
ciation earh in June. The "general council.
often called the parliament of the C\IA. is
the medicJI J"
"lCiation's poliq -nuking
bC'lh. The 16"'-member council is elected
and carries on the business of the
5.000-
member organization.
Si,ter
Ial") Felicitas. president. and Dr.
Helen "-. \lus'allem, e,ecuti'e director.
of the C)l.A. anended the t"o-<la, meeting
ONE-STEP PREP
FLEET ENEMA
single dose
disposable lI11it
FLEET ENE
f -\'s fdst prep time obsoletes soap and
"ater procedures_ The enema does not require "arm-
ing. It can be used at room temperature. It a, oids the
ordeal of injecting large quantities of fluid into the
bo"el. and the possibilih of"ater into,ication.
The patient should prefer.lbl) be!) ing on the left side
"ith the knees fle'\ed. or in the knee-chest position.
Once the protecti,e C.lp h.ts been remo,ed, and the
prelubricated anatomic.ll" correct rectal tut>e g( nIl..
inserted. simple manual pressure on the container
does the rest! Care should t>e taken to ensure that
the contents of the bo'\ el are completel) e'\pelled. Left
6
colon catharsis is normall, .lchie,ed in t"o to the
minutes. "ith little or no mucosal irritation. pain or
spasm. If a patient is deh' drated Or debilitated.
h)pertonic solutions such as FLEET E
E\f-\, must
be .ldministered "ith caution. Repeated use at short
inter'. .lIs is to be a, oided. Do not administer to children
under sh months of age unless directed b
a ph} skian.
-\nd after"ards, no scrubbin
. no sterilisation. no
rreparation for re-use. The com
plete FLEET E'E
fA
unit is simp!) disc.lrded!
E,en special plastic "squeeze-bottle" contains 4 t
fl. oz. of precisel) formulated solution. so that the
.ldult dose of" ft. oz. can t>e e.lsil} e'\pelled. A patented
diaphragm pre'ents leakage and re'erse fto". as "ell
as ensuring a comfort.lble rate of administration.
Each 100 cc of FLEET ENEMA contains:
Sodium biphosphat
. 16 gm.
Sodium phosphaf
6 grn.
For our brochur
: "Th
En
ma: Indicafions and Te<:hniqu
s".
containing full informafion. writ
to: Prof
ssional Serv;c
D
partm
nt. Char1
s E. Fro"t & Co.. P.O. 80" 247,
Montreal 3. P.O.
ll'itb
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10 THE CA!'Ioi
DI
!'Ioi NURSE
-
A OU4L -y PH."'RU..&.,-
'TIit-ALS
..... (1\a'\k
f..ho
CO
."'''.''_L'' -a..u....."
"..
.-
on behalf of the 80,OOO-member nurses
group.
The imilation "as in line "ith the ne",
polk, of the medical. nursing. and hospia
liaison committee. "hich has called fo
closer cooperation among the three asso
cialions.
Dr. \fussallem expre'''ed delight at tht
im jtation. ..\\ e Jppreciated the opportunill
to ob'>Cne, at cJo:.e range. the decision
making proce", of a kindred health pro
fession." she said.
NBARN Protests
Minister's Remarks
Fr
d
T1cton. - The
e" Bruns"ick -\s-
sociation of Registered
urses has sent
letter of protest to the \finisler of Health.
Dr. Stephen \\ e} man. folio" ing his remark
on nUßing education made at the Asso-
ciation's annual meeting in Fredericton early
in June. Since making a formal request
in October. 1966 for the GO\emment to
implement the plan of education for semi-
profe,,
ional health "orkers proposed in
Pl),tra;t of \ "'S;II!: 1-\ the late Dr. "-ather-
ine \lacLaggan. the
B--\R" had receÌ\ed
no reply until Dr. \\e,man's unexpected
comments.
The nurses are critical of suggestions that
the go'emment might ma!..e a token ges-
ture to" .m! implementing a ne" system of
nurs.ing education. The, ha'e reJsserted to
the \Iinister that pilot studies have pro,-en
the "onh of nur-ing education under edu-
cational auspices and that on" a major
change in administrative control can o"er-
come the ills inherent in the hospital nursing
chool s"tem of nurse education. The, go
on to .;.a, that
e" BrunsVo ie!.. is too small
to entertain a pie
-e-meal approach to better
nurse education and that it "ould be re-
bund.mt and Voa<.teful to repeat "hat has
be-en pro' en.
^ rlan for education ad, an.:ed in P.xtra;t
of \IIrs;nr: call
for the preparation of tVoo
c,ttegories of nurses. T,\ ent} -fl\(' pel\.-ent of
the required nurse complement Voould be
educated in the prO\ince's tVoo unh-ersity
.:hools of nur-ing. The plan calls for
institutes Vohere the other -5 rer
ent "ould
be educated. along "ith students prepanng
to "or!.. in semi-professionaJ o.::cupations
in the health field.
In requesting implementation of a neVo
'r
lem of nu
e education. the
BAR..'1
points OUI that. Vo hile the emphasis is on
education. the primal> interest is to increase
the number of nurses and to impro'-e the
qualit\ of patient care in all fields of
nursing. ",urses Voho ha"(' .:omc through the
b...'spital s)"stem as Vo ell as n
assistants
are assured of their continuing roles in the
health field.
The protest sent to the !tlinister of Health
critic
influences that are resist3I1l to
chan..1æ The nurses claim that such orinions
are not su1-
tantiated b} depth of research
C'Qu:!.1 to that Vo hi.:h suppt"'lns their prop.........;.als
l'Cl)ST 1%-
news
"' both tbe 1966 and 196- .lIU1ual meetings.
",-soclation membe
oiceJ their support to
IIIlPlement the plan The Canadian ",J
",--ociatlOn endor.>ed the pl.in la
t
ear and
re\.-entl}. the 'e"" Bruns\\id. Student 'Iur-
,e': --\-sociation dJded Its b.1d.ing.
In su
eestmg that the government was not
prepared to adopt a new plan of nursing
education on the proVInCial scale advocated
b
B-\RN. the Mmister made no referen-
ce to financing Hospital schools are costI}
to the department of health but there is
actual gain as students give service in return
for their training The Association belicves
th t nu
ing students shou1d be released
from indentured labor and enjoy the edu-
c.!tional rights granted to students of othcr
professions. Such rights will be strangled
until the system of hospital schools is
changed. Hospitals must utilize their stu-
dents m meeting the primary pu
of
patient care
Thc proposed plan for health institutes
\\ould permit use of federal money, here-
tofore untapped. The NB -\R
proposes that
;-..e.... Brunswick avail herself of financial
a
istance ....hich thc Department of
Ian-
po\\er. under Its several training programs.
can give.
The r-.BAR'I is not satisfied with the
disposition of its request for implementa-
tion af a new plan for nu
ing education
and has asked to meet \\ith the Minister of
Health to clarify the government's position.
CICIA,\\S Con\ention Theme
Based on Human Suffering
\IOIllr
al. - The International Catholic
Committee of Nurses and Medical Social
--\<sistants held their conference at the Cni-
e
ity of
Iontreal June
0-
4.
early
I AOO delegates from all provinces of Can-
ada.
3 American states. and several Eur-
opean countries attended. Theme of the
conference \\as human suffering in today's
world.
The fi
t panel of speake
concerned
itself \\ ith the challenges presented by
hum3l1 suffering Miss Gabrielle Clerk.
Ph.D.. professor of p5\'chology at the Uni-
ve
ity of \Iontreal. emphasized the lone-
liness and need for love of the mentally
ill. According to Dr. Paul David. director
of the Institut de Cardiologic de Montréal.
the basic element of the medical art is
thc ability of the non-sufferer to under-
stand the message of the sufferer.
Dr. K. \Iary Straub. professor of nu
ing
science at the Catbolic Unive
ity of Amer-
ica in Yo ashington. spoke of the need for
nu
ing services to change in response to
the demands of modern society. More qual-
ifIed staff. reorganization of nu
ing services.
continuous patient care. and in
p.ice edu-
AUGUST 1967
Prenatal Classes for Fathers in USSR
\,
"
,
-
..
Organi:.ed at Polyclinic Two in the city of LvOI; (Ukrainian SSR) is the
"Young Fathers' School," which is I;-ery popular with families in the area.
In the course, future fathers are trained, Ilnder the guidance of e'Cperienced
doctors and nurses, how to look after newborns properly.
cation \\ere the main points in her
peech.
Nu
ing care in ps
chiatry and the rebtion-
ship bet\\een education and research in the
fIeld of nu
ing care were discussed by SIS-
ter Margaret John. professor at Niagara
Unive
ity. Niagara.
.Y.. and Lt. Col.
Ph}llis J. \ erhonick. director of nu
ing at
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research.
The general secretary of CICIAMS. \1.05
Ghislaine van \Ias>enhove. a public health
nu
e from Brussels. re
ie"ed the dims of
the organization. She said it \\as the duty
of CICIo\. \IS to fight social. economic.
cultural. demographic. and sanitary injus-
tices. To do this it must
tud} the prob-
lems and de
ise plans to promo:e action.
The
plans have a special meaning to
Catholic nurses. e
peciallv
ounger ones.
she said.
Winnipeg Children's Hospita'
Closes School for One Year
Winnipt'e. - Winnipeg Children's Hos-
pital ""ill not admit students to its school
of nu
ing this fall. In making the an-
nouncement. M
. D. --\.
othstein. hospital
1-oard president. emphasIZed that the one-
year gap does not nece-
arily mean that
the ho
pital school will close permanently.
Reasons for the closure were given as
a shortage of qualified instructors and
inadequate cl.lssroom and \\ard facilities.
Tne school of nu
ing usually accepb
30 to 35 students for the three-year course.
In addition. about 60 affIliate students from
other Manitoba hospitals come for pediatric
cla
e' and e'\perience. The program for
affiliated ,tudents may be increased.
Schools of nu
ing throughout the pro
-
ince - including the Winnipeg Children's
Ho
pital - have been in
estigating a two-
}ear educational program. Introduction of
the shorter program would mean a better
utilization of e'\isting classroom facilities.
reported Miss Patricia Scorer. director of
nu
ing.
T""o-}edr educdtion.11 program
""ere re-
commended earlier this
ear 1-\ a special
omminee stud
ing the ..hort.lge of nu
e'
in the pro
ince
THE CANADIAN NURSE 11
news
Ryerson's Program Studied
Toronto. - A thorough evaluation of the
new technique employed by the School of
Nursing at the Ryerson Institute of Tech-
nology, which graduated its first class in
May of this year, is being conducted by
Miss Moyra Allen. associate professor of
nursing, School for Graduate Nurses. Mc-
Gill University.
Because of the experimental nalure of
the Ryerson project. it was decided that.
after a period of five ye,lrs from its initia-
tion, the Registered Nurses' Association of
Ontario would conduct an evalualion of the
program. In 1966 it arranged with Miss
Allen to carry oul the study. The report
will not be completed until 1969-70. and will
undoubtedly constitute a document of his-
toric significance in the development of
nursing education.
The RNAO accepted respon
ibility for
sponsoring the project in 1963. after briefs
to the Royal Commission on Health Ser-
vices were submitted by provincial organiza-
tions, the Canadian Nurses' Association.
and many university schools of nursing.
As well, numerous special studies had de-
veloped the view that nursing education
should move into the system of general
education as soon as possible.
H H.
The nLlrsing course at Ryerson as con-
ducted in a large technological institute
where the ddvantages gained from educa-
tion by the institute's academic staff are
combined with clinical teaching and expe-
rience in several hospitals. Students in the
nursing course at Ryerson share academic
life and extracurricular activities with their
colleagues in other courses. Hours spent in
clinical areas are planned solely as edu-
cational experience for the students.
CMA Moves to Ottawa
Quebec. - The C.madian Medical Asso-
ciation will move its headquarters from
Toronto to Ottawa. The general council.
policy-making body of the CMA. voted
two-to-one in favor of the move to the
capital city at its meeting in Quebec City
early in June.
The executive committee will begin plans
immediarely for a new building, at a cost
of approximately $2 million.
A move to Ottawa has been considered
off and on since 1953. Present accommo-
dation in Toronto was hecoming crowded
and the association had to move to larger
quarters anyway, according to Dr. Arthur
Peart, CMA general secretary. Centennial
year - both for Can:lda and the CMA -
seemed a good time to go to OUawa,
he said.
The current tendency toward bilingualism
and biculturalism was also an influence,
according to Dr. Reginald Atkinson, gen-
eral council chairman.
Spokesmen denied that the move was
influenced by a desire for a government
lobby.
New Baccaulaureate
Program in BC
Victoria. - The University of Victoria
will establish a school of nursing Ihis
September, President Malcolm G. Taylor
announced today. "In its earliest stages,
the school will offer a basic baccalaureate
degree for those seeking initial training,"
Dr. Taylor said.
The school will accept students entering
the first year of study in 1967-68, if they
meet the University's general admission
requirements. The first year of pre-profes-
sional education in nursing has been offer-
ed in the past through the faculty of arts
and science.
The second year of the nursing program
will be added in 1968-69. The curriculum
will include hospital courses at local institu-
tions.
Courses will be offered later for registered
nurses wishing to complete requirements
for a bachelor's degree.
Management of the school will be in
the hands of a director. The new position
will advertised immediately. The school was
established by the Board of Governors on the
THE AGA KHAN
JUBILEE HOSPITAL, NAIROBI,
TELEPHONE 55301 NAIROBI, KENYA
PLA TINUM
KENY A
P.O. BOX 30270
HOSPITAL MA IRON
Applications are invited for the post of
Hospital Matron which falls vacant in
November, 1967.
Candidates should be S.R.N.. S.C.M.
(or equivalent) and p-ossesslon of Nursing
Administrative CertIficate would be of
advantage.
The appointment i:; for a pertod of
twenty-four/thirty months and is renew-
able. The salary is at the rate of 4::2.00U
per annum plus gratuity and fringe
benefits which mclude free passages.
enerous leave and subsid:sed accom-
modation.
The hospital IS located m the garden
'iuburbs of Nairobi, the highlands capital
city of Kenya with a pleasant Bunny
climate and a cost of livmg that is low
md stable.
The successful candidate must lIke and
oe
ccustomed to working with people
of dtfferent races and nationalities - but
there is no language problem if yOU spea\(
English.
The Hospital Matron wt11 be the adviser
to the Board of Governors on nursing
policy and be head of the Student Nurse
rraining Schoo!.
Further details of tne nospital and the
">o<;t can b
obtained from:
THE ADMINISTRATOR
P.O. Box 30270 Nairobi, Kenya
J
". .;,-......:.;,... '" .0 ," .-:-:'
.-:'
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12 THE CANADIAN NURSE
..... :...............
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"
AUGUST 1967
news
recommendation of the University Senate,
which is responsible for academic matters.
17 Regional Schools
Established in Ontario
T oTonlO. - Ontario now has 17 regional
schools of nursing either in operation or
in the planning stages. Two of these schools,
the Royal Victoria Regional School in
Barrie, Ontario, and the Osler School in
the metropolitan Toronto area. have been
in operation since September, 1966. Sched-
uled to open this September are the
Scarborough Regional in Toronto, the Corn-
wall Regional in Cornwall, and the St.
Clair Regional in Sarnia.
Contracts for construction of the Corn-
wall school was signed recently at Hotel
Dieu Hospital in that city. The director of
the school, Mrs. Tatiana Labekovski said
that operations would begin out of tem-
porary quarters this fall with a class of
90 students and nine instructors.
Preparation of the curriculum for the St.
Clair Regional School of Nursing in Sarnia
has been taken over by Miss Una Ridley,
who recently was appointed director of the
school. Mrs. Veronica Orton-Johnson as-
sumes her duties as assistant director of the
Scarborough Regional School August 2 I.
According to Miss Jean Watt, director of
the Ontario College of Nurses. the new re-
gional or central schools are independent,
non-hospital operated schools. They use
available hospitals and other agencies for
clinical experieoce on an agreement basis.
This type of school was introduced to the
general public by the Minister of Health in
June, 1965, when a suggested provincial
plan of establishment was first mentioned.
At that time there were several diploma
schools in the province that came largerly
within the definition of regional school.
even though they were not referred to as
such. These earlier schools, which include
the Nightingale School and the Ryerson
Poly technical Institute in Toronto, are in-
dependent, with their own boards respon-
sible for finance and the employment of
faculty. The faculty, in turn, is respons-
ible for the curriculum and students.
One feature of the regional school is
that it is a single-discipline school. The
College of Nurses of Ontario hopes that
eventually the nursing schools can be part
of, or at least affiliated with, multidisci-
plinary educational institutions. At the an-
nual meeting of the Registered Nurses' As-
sociation of Ontario in April, delegates ap-
proved a resolution urging the RNAO to
encourage the integration of present re-
gional schools with the Colleges of Ap-
plied Arts and Technology in the province.
Other regional schools, still in the plan-
ning stages, are the Guelph, Kirkland
ake,
AUGUST 1967
Ottawa, Stratford, Sudbury, London, Owen
Sound, and Port Arthur Regional schools.
Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry
Nurses Sign Contract with
Health Unit
Cornwall, On!. - A contract signed on
June 23, 1967, by the Board of Health
and the Nurses' Association of the Stor-
mont, Dundas. and Glengarry Health Unit
ended a 10-month greylisting of the unit
by the Registered Nurses' Association of
Ontario.
Under the 13-month contract. retroactive
to May I, 1967. salaries for public health
nurses are $5.250 to $6.500 a year, with
five annual increments of $250. The in-
creases range from $262 to $1.300 a year,
a total
alary adjustment of 17 percent,
including increments.
Three weeks vacation during the first
four years and four weeks after five years'
service, plus II statutory holidays are
provided. Illness allowance is one and a
half days per month. accumulative to 180
working days.
Role of Nurse Clinician
Defined At Regional Meeting
OllaWa. - More than 100 nurses attend-
ed a three-day session on the role of the
nurse clinician held in Ottawa in mid-May.
These sessions were organized by the Com-
mittee on Nursing Education of the Otta-
wa East and West Chapters of the RNAO.
Guest speaker was Mrs. Faye Moss,
clinical research nurse at the City of Hope
Hospital, California. The speaker describ-
ed the nurse clinician as one who:
I. is hired to serve at the bedside and
will maintain the direct surveillance of the
care given to the patient by the other mem-
bers of the team;
2. assumes the complete responsibility for
continuity and coordination of nursing care
for all the patients who are assigned to
her;
3. has received postgraduate educational
preparation;
4. is convinced of the importance of
giving nursing care of high quality.
"A degree alone does not make a spe-
cialist," says Mrs. Moss. "We will have to
learn to rely on other criteria as well as the
degree to judge competence."
Programs in nursing education at the
university level should be directed toward
care of the patient instead of the admin-
istrative aspect. The nurse clinician must
be sensitive to or aware of all methods
of communication. She must be able to
"manipulate" groups as well as individuals.
She must be an expert in nursing care. She
must be able to document herself and must
educational working paCkHoe
\
6 U F\G,{...P.L
__VN''''
O
.........";..
POST. OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT KIT
A must for all nurses and student nurses, the new POM Kit has
become the most successful "in-service" teaching aid for Ileostomy
and Ileal-Bladder education. Included in this working package are
all the necessary products needed for proper post-operative man-
agement of the patient - 3 Bongort Expendable Drainage Bags
plus 5 sample sized accessory products. The POM Kit is yours for
$1.00. Request 765 CN.
T..Jiv 1T1Æf? 0 !=!Tl!. fl G I CA L
PORT (""HESTER . NEW VORK
THE CANADIAN NURSE 13
Tube
auz
SEAMLESS
TUBULAR
GAUZE
...
-
TIlbt?jOUZ
Applied with special "Cage-
Type" Applicators. Saves up to
50% over ordinary methods-
Hospitals. schools and clinics can
save time and money with the Tube-
gauz Method. Ten sizes of applicators
simplify bandaging fingers. toes.
hands. feet. legs. arms. head and
body. Because Tubegauz is double-
bleached highest quality cotton yarn.
it can be washed. sterilized in an
autoclave-used many times.
TIME STUDIES PROVE TUBEGAUZ SAVINGS
.
)
Ordinary Gauze
Material Used 151 Inches
Bandaging Time 2 MIn. 10 Sec
TUBEGAUZ
24 Inches
34 Sec.
Tubegøuz -one of the Scholl
family of quality surgical
bandages. plasters and dressings.
FREE: Write for 32-page illus-
trated booklet. "New Techniques of
Bandaging with Tubegauz:'
Surgical Supply Division
THE SCHOLL MFG. CO. lTD.
174 Bartley Drive. Toronto 16, Onto
14 THE CANADIAN NURSE
news
be able to do some research without being
a researcher.
Hospitals and agencies that employ nurse
clinicians must delegate administrative func-
tions to another category of personnel.
They must also offer salaries that are com-
parable to salaries offered to nurses in ad-
ministrative positions.
The speaker described categories of nurses
employed by the City of Hope Hospital.
There, two types of general duty nurses
and three types of nurse clinicians are em-
ployed. This plan was introduced in 1964.
According to Mrs. Moss, the turnover
rate is lower with the nurse clinician.
Even though the nurse clinici:m has
complete responsibility for nursing care,
one has to be careful not to give the im-
pression that she will not collaborate with
other members of the team or that she
would be a jack of all trades. On the con-
trary, her functions must be very well defin-
ed.
Continuing Education Courses
For BC Nurses
Vancou
'er. - Dr. J.F. McCreary, Dean
of the Faculty of Medicine at the Univer-
sity of British Columbia, has announced
that four continuing education courses for
registered nurses will be offered during
the 1967-68 academic year. They will be
given in cooperation with the Vancouver
General Hospital, with the sponsorship of
the Registered Nurses' Association of B.C.
The first of these, in obstetrical nursing,
will be held on October 12th and 13th,
1967. Guest teacher will be Dr. Ronald J.
Pion, associate professor, Depanment of
Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University
of Washington. Some of the subjects to be
reviewed include a demonstration and dis-
cussion on preparation and support for
labor; up-dating basic sciences; a demon-
stration of new intravenous devices and
techniques; an evaluation of some old
obstetrical traditions; and a major address
and discussion on the nurse's role in sex
education and family planning in the com-
munity.
The other three courses will be on sur-
gical nursing, December 7th and 8th, 1967;
medical nursing, April 4th and 5th, 1968;
and mental health aspects of nursing, May
9th and 10th, 1968.
In addition, a course on the care of the
high risk newborn infant will be offered
to physicians and registered nurses from
January 24th to 26th, 1968. Directors of
nursing may obtain additional information
from the Department of Continuing Medical
Education. University of British Columbia,
Vancouver 8, B.C.
UNM Beßins Work on Contracts
Montreal. - The United Nurses of Mon.
treat the collective bargaining unit of Dis
trict II of the Association of Nurses of tht
Province of Quebec, is now certified te
negotiate with 28 hospitals and agencies
Executive officers of the UNM recentl}
met with the administrative representative
of these hospitals. agencies, industries and
schools. The first part of a contract coverinE
staff nurses, assistant head nurses. and
teachers of nursing has been approved
by UN M membership and was presented to
the representatives for review. UNM plans
to present Part Two of the contract, which
will cover head nurses, supervisors, and
directors of nursing, in the near future.
The general purpose of the contract is
to assist in development of various nursing
services offered to the public and to pro-
mote the quality of nursing. Specifically the
contract:
· provides nursing personnel in the hos-
pital, agency or industry with a forum to
make explicit those conditions in the work
situation and for the nurse as a person
that are necessary for the provision of a high
quality of nursing care.
· makes manifest procedures within
which the hospital and the nurses may
work together to attain the desired condi.
tion for the work of nursing.
· establishes mutually satisfactory em-
ployment conditions between hospital. agen-
cy, industry, or school and the licensed
nurses.
UNM hopes to begin negotiations in the
near future for both groups of nurses.
Quebec Extends Outpatient
Services
Quebec. - On June 28, 1967, the Que-
bec Minister of Health, the Honorable Jean-
Paul Cloutier, stated that as of July 1st,
1967. hospitalization insurance would now
cover the cost of medical examinations per-
formed in outpatient clinics of any hospitals
under the hospitalization insurance contract.
At the recommendation of their doctor,
patients living within the province will be
entitled to these new services.
These additional services are seen as a
necessary step toward the establishment of
health insurance. Laboratory tests, radio-
diagnosis including diagnosis with the use
of isotopes, electro-encephalograms as well
as electrocardiograms and photocardiograms
are among the services that will be covered,
together with any other test that can be
performed in an outpatient clinic.
BC Psychiatric Nurses Dispute
Goes to Fact Finding Panel
Vancouver. - On May 26, after 17
straight hours of talk, the British Columbia
Civil Service Commission and the negotia-
tion committee of the Psychiatric Nurses'
(Com;nued on page 16)
AUGUST 1967
IIln spite of today's apparent explosion
in their awareness of sex,
young people are not well informed."
A recent study indicated that even
among college girls enrolled in health
education classes knowledge of menstru-
al facts was neither thorough nor accu-
rate. One reason, perhaps, for the lack
of accuracy was the fact that only 8% of
these girls obtained their information
about menstruation from doctors, nurses
or teachers.
Thi
small percentage probably
learned about menstruation because
they asked. Many young girls, however, never ask for
information-because they feel menstruation is not a
subject for discussion outside their homes (And
sometimes very little information is available within
their homes.) Even the doctor is not likely to be con-
sulted unless the girl is concerned about a possible
abnormality.
One solution to this problem is to make information
on menstruation available to all young girls-whether
"
.
TAM PAX
SANITARY PROTECTION WORN INTERNAllY
MADE ONLY BY CANADIAN TAMPAX CORPORATION'LTD.,
BARRIE, ONT.
AUGUST 1967
----
or not they specifically ask for it. Thus,
girls in health and physical education
classes, girls visiting school nurses, girls
at summer camp, girls consulting their
./ doctors-all should be provided with in-
formation on the normal changes that
are a part of growing up.
To assist you in explaining menstru-
ation to these girls we offer you (without
charge) laminated plastic charts drawn
by Dr. R. L. Dickinson, showing schemat-
ic illustrations of the organs of the female reproduc-
tive system. For the young girl we provide two free
booklets answering her questions about menstruation.
Send for them today. Professional samples of Tampax
menstrual tampons will also be included.
-=
t
.',
1 Israel. S. Leon: Obst. & Gynec. 26:920. 1965. 2. Larsen,
Virginia L.. J. Am. M. Women's A. 20:557, 1965.
------------------------------------------
Canadian Tampax Corporation limited.
P.O. Box 627. Barrie. ant.
Please send free a set of Dickinson charts, copies of the two booklels,
a postcard for easy reordering and samples of T ampax tampons.
Name
Address
CN-l
-----------------------------------------
THE CANADIAN NURSE 15
news
Association of B.C. reached an agreement.
The settlement averted a mass resignation
of 880 psychiatric and 16 registered nurses
who had threatened to quit on June 1
unless the Commission agreed to binding
arbitration on working conditions.
The settlement that averted the walkout
called for: impartial fact finding panels to
be set up to resolve salary disputes, the
recommendations of the panel being binding
to both parties; a new Psychiatric Nurses'
Act to be sent to the 1968 session of the
Legislature as a companion bill to the
Registered Nurses' Act; establIshment and
strict adhercnce to grievance procedures;
improvement of negotiation procedures; no
official recognition of the professional as-
sociation as bargaining agent. The remaining
19 items, including salary scales, were still
unresolved, but further meetings are taking
place.
The dispute over salaries and working
conditions has been going on for over nine
months. The psycbiatric nurses group had
first threatened to resign at tbe beginning
of April. The handing in of resignations was
caJled off when the Civil Service Commis-
sion announced a fact finding panel would
be set up early in April.
MOVING?
MARRIED 1
At the end of April, however, limitations
to the panel's scope were announced by
the government. Barred from discussion
were binding arbitration, recognition of the
professional association, grievance procedu-
res, collection of membership dues, and ne-
gotiation procedures. This situation led to
the submission of registrations on May 15.
The issues are still far from settled. and
further negotiations, especiaJly those involv-
ing salaries, will be carried on for at least
the next two months, according to Mr. D.L.
Wenham, executive secretary of the Psy-
chiatric Nurses' Association.
Memorial Scholarship
For Katherine MacLaggan
Fredericton. - A Katherine E. MacLag-
gan Memorial Scholarship will be awarded
annuaJly, beginning in 1967-1968, at the
University of New Brunswick School of
Nursing.
Dr. MacLaggan was a native of Frederic-
ton. and first director of the school of
nursing :It the University of New Brunswick.
She was elected president of the Canadian
Nurses' Association in July, 1966, and
died February 6, 1967 in Saint John.
The scholarship is 10 be awarded from
the Katherine E. MacLaggan Memorial
Scholarship Fund. to be held in trust by the
University. It will go to a student entering
her final year in the University's basic
baccalaureate program, possessing a high
academic standing, and demonstrating ex-
cellence in nursing practice. Enquiries con-
cerning the fund should be made to C. L.
Mahan, Comptroller, University of New
Brunswick.
Second Symposium on Drug
Safety
Ottawa. - The second symposium on
drug safety, sponsored by the Federal Food
and Drug Directorate, of the Department of
National Health and Welfare. took place
here on June 29 and 30, 1967. It was at-
tended by nearly 400 doctors, pharmacists,
researchers. scientists. and drug manufac-
tu rers.
Officially opening the sessions, Dr. J.N.
Crawford, deputy minster of national health,
noted that public concern over drug safety
has risen rapidly and remains at a high
level. "This professional and lay concern has
resulted in increased legislation," he point-
ed out. "But rese:lrch is necessary if the
consumer is to be adequately protected.
This symposium gives us an opportunity
to 'collate' the knowledge from the special-
ties," he added.
The symposium, titled "Some Aspects of
Drug Safety," Was held is honor of Dr. L.I.
Pugsley, recently retired as deputy director
general of the Food and Drug Directorate.
e
WISH AN ADJUSTMENTl
All correspondence to THE CANADIAN NURSE
should be accompanied by our most recent
address label or imprint. (Attach in space pro-
vided at right.)
---------------1
I I ATTACH CURRENT LABEL or IMPRINT HERE I
to be assured of I
I accurate, fast service .. I
1______---------
ARE YOU
o Receiving duplicate copies?
o Actively registered with more than one pro-
vincial nurses' association?
permanent reg. no.
permanent reg. no.
PRINT NEW NAME and or ADDRESS BELOW
Miss/Mrs.
Sister / Mr.
provincial associafion
provincial associafion
city
o
Transferring registration from one provincial
nurses' association to another?
FROM:
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TO:
name (please prinf)
sfreet address
zone
province
PLEASE ALLOW SIX WEEKS FOR PROCESSING
YOUR CHANGE
The Canadian Nurse cannot guarantee back copies
unless change or interruption in delivery is reported
within six weeks!
permanenf reg. no.
ADDRESS ALL INQUIRIES TO:
The Canadian Nurse, Circulation Dept.
50 The Driveway
Ottawa 4, Canada
provincial ass'n. permanent reg. no.
OTHER ADJUSTMENT REQUESTED:
16 THE CANADIAN NURSE
AUGUST 1967
news
Centennial Homecoming
Program Held by Ottawa Civic
Hospital
Ottawa. - The Ottawa Civic Hospital re-
cently held a three-day centennial home-
coming program. Past members of the hos-
pital staff came from as far away as South
Africa, Bermuda, and Trinidad and were en-
thusiastic in their enjoyment of the medical
and nursing archives and displays and ani-
mated exhibits of many facets of the mod-
ern hospital
Guided tours of the hospital in general
and some specialized departments. such as
cancer clinic. radioisotope department. x-ray
and laboratory were much appreciated.
Short film shows were offered. including
"The Vigil," "Stand By for Life," "A Pos-
ition of Trust," and "A Century of Cana-
dian Medicine." Alternatively. such varied
subjects as pre-diabetes; skin cancer; instant
prosthesIs; experimental kidney transplant;
and open heart sugery were topics for in-
formal talks by specialist members of the
medical staff.
The guest speaker at the well-attended of-
ficial luncheon was The Honorable Matthew
B. Dymond. Minister of Health for Onta-
rio. He gave a thoughtful and analytical
look at hospitals and did some crystal-
gazing into the future.
A reception and dance. a trip to Upper
Canada Village, and a sightseeing tour of
Ottawa were some of the items enjoyed dur-
ing the three days.
The hospital auxiliary provided a baby-
sitting service ea
h day from 9:00 A.M. to
5:00 P.M. with free lunch. organized games,
story groups, and films.
Day's Pay Furnishes Room
1
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.
.,
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Nursing staff of St. Vincent de Paul's General Hospital, Broc
v
lle, proved
that in an age of administration problems, nurses a,re not oblIvIOus. to the
troubles of their hospital. Each member of the nursmg staff volun
aflly con-
tributed a day's pay to furnish a semi-private room in the new wmg of the
hospital. Sister Mary Hilarion, supe
io.r, reæive
a cheque tor $1,600 on
e-
half of Mother Mary Angelica, admInistrator. SIster c
lled It a heart-warmmg
gesture, typical of the interest of the staff of he hospital. Mrs. Anne l!eda. rd
made the presentation. Behind, left to right, are some of the contflbutmg
nurses: Mrs. Mildred Bigford, Mrs. Beverly Libitz, Mrs. Rose McDougall,
Mrs. Anna Kelly, and Mrs. Ann Cameron.
An informal luncheon on the hospital
lawn brought the centennial homecoming
program to a close and left everyone won-
dering what changes lay ahead for the Civic
Hospital. A model of the master plan to be
developed over the next five years was
shown.
At the Ottawa Civic Hospital Centennial Homecoming Program held June 18-21,
uniforms representative of the two hospitals that amalgamated with the Civic
Hospital when it opened in 1925 were shown. Left: Ottawa Civic Hospital;
middle: St. Luke'.f Hospital; right: Lady Stanley Institute. The gentleman on
the left was dressed to represent the president of the board at the time of opening.
.
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AUGUST 1967
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Psychiatric Museum Opens at
St-Michel-Archange Hospital
Motltreal. - A weird electroshock appar-
atus, a coffin for the living. a gruesome
tranquilizer chair. and other inventions that
would have scared 3 specialist in Chinese
torture will be part of a new psychiatric
museum at Hôpital St-Michel-Archange in
Quebec. The museum was set up for dele-
gates to the Canadian Medical Association
and Canadian Association of Psychiatrists
Conventions held in the city in June.
The museum demonstrates some of the
methods utilized in the treatment of mental
diseases before the 20th century. It was es-
tablished by the Hoffman-La Roche Com-
pany with the collaboration of St-Michel-
Archange Hospital. Nnmerous and various
methods utilized to scare the sickness out of
the patient are shown.
A tranquilizing chair considered as one of
the most accomplished restraint devices ever
invented, and an "English Coffin" so narrow
that the patient inside had to stand in one
position, are part of the macabre exhibit.
As well, a device for electroshock invented
in 1765 by the Reverend John Wesley,
founder of the Methodist church, is pre-
sented. Other methods of the time included
whipping, immersion, powerful vomitants,
laxatives, and hallucinating drugs. 0
41
t."
THE CANADIAN NURSE
17
names
The Board of Directors of the Interna-
tional Council of Nurses has announced the
resignation of Helen Nussbaum, executive
director of the ICN.
Miss Nussbaum, Swiss by birth. look her
general nurse training with the Italian Red
Cross in Naples, then went to England to
work in an obstetrical unit. She returned
to Naples as an operating theatre nurse.
before going to Switzerland to train for
the Swiss graduate nurse diploma, which
she earned in 1935. She served in her native,
country until 1945.
Twelve years' service in Greece included
work for the United Nations Relief and
Rehabilitation Administration, the World
Health Organization, and the International
Committee of the Red Cross.
Miss Nussbaum became executive secre-
tary of the Swiss Association of Graduate
Nurses on returning to her country in
1958. In 1961 she accepted the position of
general secretary, now the office of execu-
tive director, of the ICN. In May of this
year she received the Florence Nightingale
Medal from the International Committee
of the Red Cross. Failing health was given
as the reason for her retirement.
Succeeding Miss
Nussbaum as director
of the International
Council of Nurses is
-;; .... Sheila Quinn, present-
---' Iy deputy director.
Miss Quinn, a state
2 registered nurse and
..," .... state certified midwife,
took post-basic studies
in ward administration at the Royal College
of Nursing, London, England, and received
the Nurse Tutor Diploma from the Univer-
sity of London. Joining the staff of the
Prince of Wales Hospital, London, in 1951,
she attained the position of principal sister
tutor. During this time she studied for a
B.Sc. degree in economics from the Uni-
versity of London, graduating in 1959.
She joined the staff of the ICN in 1961
as director of the newly-created Division
of Social and Economic Welfare. In August
of last year she accepted the position of
deputy director.
She becume executive director designate
on Miss Nussbaum's retirement, and as-
sumes the title of the executive director on
January I, 1968.
Shirley R. Good has been appointed nur-
ing consultant, higher education, of the
Canadian Nurses' Association. She assumed
18 THE CANADIAN NURSE
her duties at CNA
House on July 10,
1967.
Miss Good. a gra-
duate of Women's Col-
lege Hospital, Toron-
to, holds a certificate
in clinical supervision,
medical-sugical nurs-
ing, from the Univer-
sity of Toronto. She obtained a B.Sc.N.
and M.Ed. from Drury College, Spring-
field, Missouri.
She has worked in hospitals in Wawa,
Ontario, and Toronto. Later, she went to
Springfield Baptist Hospital, attaining the
position of associate director, nursing edu-
cation, and medical nursing instructor.
In 1962 she accepted the position of
lecturer in nursing service administration
at the University of Western Ontario. Prior
to her appointment 10 the CNA. Miss Good
attended Teachers College, with the aid of
a Canadian Nurses' Foundation Scholarship,
and earned a doctorate in education.
H. Evelyn Mallory
retires this month as
professor and director
of the school of nurs-
ing, University of Brit-
ish Columbia. A 1925
graduate of the school
of nursing of Winni-
peg General Hospital,
Miss Mallory worked
at the Children's Hospital. Winnipeg for two
years as an instructor in the school of nurs-
ing and assistant direclor of nursing service.
She obtained her bachelor of science
degree in 1930 and became educational
director, Winnipeg General Hospital School
of Nursing. In 1932, she became an in-
structor of nursing sciences at the Vancouver
General Hospital School of Nursing, a
position she held for three years until her
return to Children's Hospital, Winnipeg,
where she became director of nursing and
director of the school of nursing for six
years.
In 1941 Miss Mallory returned to British
Columbia and served for three years as
registrar, and educational adviser to schools
of nursing, of the Registered Nurses' Asso-
ciation of British Columbia. She first join-
ed the faculty of the University of British
Columbia in 1942 as associate professor,
Department of Nursing and Health. She
obtained her MA from Teachers O>llege,
Columbia University, and in 1951 was ap-
pointed professor and director, school of
nursing, University of British Columbia.
'"
.
-
-
Active in many professional organizations
Miss Mallory has been president of the
Manitoba Association of Registered Nurses,
President of the Canadian Conference Uni-
versity Schools of Nursing, and member
of the Expert Advisory Panel on Nursing
of the World Health Organization.
Vera Ostapovitch, a
graduate of the school
of nursing of Saska-
toon City Hospital,
,.. was recently appointed
director of nursing at
Moose Jaw Union
Hospital, Moose Jaw,
Saskatchewan.
After graduation.
Miss Ostapovitch undertook postgraduate
study in obstetrical nursing at the Vancou-
ver General Hospital and went on to obtain
a diploma in teaching and supervision from
the University of Saskatchewan School of
Nursing in 1956. She received both her
bachelor's and master's degrees in nursing
administration from the University of Min-
nesota.
Prior to her present appointment, Miss
Ostapovitch was nursing service advisor for
the Saskatchewan Registered Nurses' Asso-
ciation in Regina. Her other experience in-
cludes positions as director of nursing at
York ton General Auxiliary Hospital. York-
ton, and medical supervisor at University
Hospital in Saskatoon. From 1961 to 1965
she was associate director of nursing at
Winnipeg General Hospital.
Miss Ostapovitch has held executive posi-
tions with the SRNA, including that of pres-
ident of the Yorkton Chapter and she is
presently nursing service advisor.
Six Canadian nurses who recently joined
the staff of the World Health Organization
visited heildquarters of WHO in Geneva
before taking up their assignments with the
Organization.
Edith Matte has been appointed as public
health nurse educator in Libreville, Gabon.
Miss Matte was health visitor with the Minis-
try of Health in Quebec, and prior to this
she was a team leader at the Hotel Dieu,
Montreal.
Amelia Pinset, a former instructor in nurs-
ing education at the Toronto General Hospi-
tal, and before that, at The Montreal Gener-
al Hospital, has been assigned to the nursing
education team in Cairo.
Teresa Knapik, who was previously in-
structor in nursing science at the Foothills
School of Nursing, Calgary, has been ap-
pointed as public health nurse in Gambia.
AUGUST 1%7
names
From the same hospital in Calgary, where
she was instructor in nursing fundamentals,
Margaret Sbenningsen has joined the WHO
team at the Post-Basic Nursing Department
at the University of Ghana in Legon.
Dorothy Mizuhara, who for the past ten
years has been public health nursing super-
visor with the Child Health Association in
Montreal, has now been appointed public
health nursing educator in Zambia.
Marie-Véronique Couillard, has joined the
WHO staff at the School of Nursing,
Niamey, Niger, as medical/surgical nurse
educator. In her previous position Miss
Couillard was curriculum director at the
Hotel Dieu, Edmundston, New Brunswick.
Mary E. Wilkins
was recently appoint-
ed director of nursing
at the Ontario Hospi-
tal, Brockville, Ontar-
io.
A graduate of the
school of nursing of
the Ontario Hospital,
Mrs. Wilkins did un-
dergraduate and postgraduate work at St.
Michael"s Ho
pital. Toronto. She went on
to gain a certificate in nursing education
and administration from the University of
Toronto School of Nursing in 1946.
She has worked at the Ontario Hospi-
tal since graduating. She has held positions
as supervisor, instructor. and assistant dir-
ector of nursing.
Mrs. Wilkins has been active on several
committees of the Registered Nurses' Asso-
ciation of Ontario, and is currently presi-
dent of the Nurses' Alumnae of the Ontario
Hospital School of Nursing.
-
"It was an interesting and excltmg job
and it has given me a broader perspective,"
said Beverly Marie DuGas describing her
past two years as nurse educator in Chandi-
garh, India. Mrs. DuGas visited CNA
House in June, on her way home to Van-
couver.
She beçame involved with the World
Health Organization in July, 1965 when
she was approached for the posll1on as
nurse educator. "Always interested in trav-
eling and in doing something in another
part of the world" she W:)S not long in
deciding to accept.
Her job in Chandigarh was to help expand
and develop nursing education programs at
the univer
ity level. She was also involved
in teaching curriculum development and me-
thods of teaching. Students in India she
described as "the same as in Canada -
delightful." The educational system is sim-
ilar to Britain's and their uniforms are
similar to ours. Some nurses in both Delhi
AUGUST 1967
and Chandigarh wear white saris. however.
Mrs. DuGas gradu.:ited from the school
of nursing at the Vancouver General Hos-
pital in 1945 and received her B.A. the
same year from the University of British
Columbia. She obtained her master of
nursing degree in nursing school adminis-
tration from the University of Washington
in Seattle. Immediately prior to joining
WHO she was associate director of nursing
(education) at the Vancouver General Hos-
pital, a position she held from 1957 to
1965. This year, the book: FUlldamema/s of
Nursilll? which she wrote in collaboration
with Mrs. Barbara Kozier, was published by
the W.B. Saunders Company.
Una Ridley, former
director of nursing at
the Sarnia General
Hospital, Sarnia, On-
tario, recently was ap-
pointed director of the
St. Clair Regional
School of Nursing in
Sarnia.
A graduate of the
Kingston Public Hospital. Jamaica, she at-
tended a Nurse Midwifery Course, graduat-
ing in 1958 from the Luton Maternity Hos-
pital, Luton, England. She received her
bachelor of science in nursing degree from
Assumption University of Windsor in 1963.
Miss Ridley had experience as a school
and general duty nurse in Jamaica before
becoming head nurse at Rush Green Hos-
pital in Romford. England. In 1961 she
moved to the Grace Salvation Army Hos-
pital in Windsor to become an instructor
in pediatrics.
She accepted her new post on March 1.
1967. and with it the responsibility of
planning the curriculum for the new school.
..
Veronica Orton-
Johnson has been ap-
pointed assistant di-
rector of the Scarbo-
rough Regional School
of Nursing, West Hill,
Ontario. She will take
up her duties August
21, 1967.
A graduate of the
Regina General Hospital School of Nursing,
Mrs. Orton-Johnson obtained her bachelor
of nursing degree from McGill University.
She has taught at the Regina General Hospi-
tal in Saskatchewan and the Hospital for
Sick Children in Toronto. Prior to her pre-
sent appointment at the Scarborough Re-
gional School of Nursing, Mrs. Orton-John-
son taught for four years at the Nightingale
School of Nursing in Toronto.
The people of Trout River, Bonne Bay,
Newfoundland, have shown their apprecia-
tion for 10 years of devoted service as a
public health nurse to Audrey Jakeman
by naming a school in her honor. 0
R
NM1t P 00 ,
Preferred by Nurses Everywhere! ; .
1. ANN COHN. L.P. N. f:
M\SS OOR\ S U Ë'" I :1
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OLBROOK
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No.
I 169
largest.seiling among nurses' Superb lifetIme quality
smooth rounded edges featherweIght, lies flat
deeply engraved. and lacquered Snow whlfe plastIc w,lI
not yellow. Satisfaction guaranteed. qOU
DISCOUNTS
SMART IDEA: Order 2 identical (same name) Pins at discount
prices, as precaution against loss and W,th 1 lone W,th 2 hnes
added convenience (less changing). lelterong lelterong
1 Pin only .60' .90'
2 .(lent,cal 1.00 . 1.60'
1 Pin only 1.25' 1.55 .
2 Identical 2.00. 2.60'
* IMPORTANT Please add 2St per order tlandllni charee on all orders of
J pins or less. GROUP DISCOUNTS: 25.99 pins. 5%; 100 or more. 10%
BRAND NEW! ..!:'.. 'f. C "
Remove and rerasten cap' O ap -,a
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band Instantly lor launder- V
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molded black plast,c tac. No. Tacs _
dainty gold cadeuceus 200 only ..?\
CROSS Pen and Pencil
World famous Cross wntlng Instruments wittl
Sculptured Caduceus Emblem. lifetime guarantee
12 I(T. GOLD FILLED LUSTROUS CHROME
No. 6603 $7.50
No. 6602 7.50
No.6601 15.00
No. 3503 $4.50
No.3502 4.50
No.3501 9.00
Pencil
Pon
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No. 1610 Lighter 6.00 ea. ppd.
Waterproof NURSES WATCH
_ Swiss made. raised silver full numerals. lumin. mark-
.;.... Ings. Red.lipped sweep second tland, chrome/stainless
. c2lse. St2llnless expanSion band plus FREE black leather
strap. 1 yr. guarantee.
No. 06.925 . . . 12.95 oa. ppd.
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Slo
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in steel. Guaranteed to stay sharp 2 years.
No. 13728 Shoar. 2.00 oa. ppd.
TO REEVES COMPANY, Alllebara, Mass. 02703 U.S.A
Please send
1 Pin 02 Pins (same name) i
STYLE NO_ . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . as shown above I
METAL FINISH (100 or 1691. OGoid OS,!ver I
LETTERING COLOR ,Black 0 Oar. Blue :
LETTERING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :
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I 0 Send Complete Nurses Items Catalog
-------------------------
ITEM
DRDER ND.
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 19
FOR PATIENT PROTECTION
POSEY HEEL PROTECTOR
(Patent Pendmg)
The Posey Heel Protector serves to protect
the heel of the foot and prevents irritation
from rubbing. Constructed of slick
pliable
plastic, lined with artificial lamb's wool. Can
be washed or autoclaved. No. HP-63AlW.
$3.90 ea. $780 pro
NO. 66
POSEY BELT
Patent Pending
\
Thi. new
Po.ey Be I t
provides safe.
ty to a bed
patient yet
permit. him
to turn from side to
.ide. Also allow. .itting
up, if belt i. slackened.
Made of strong, rein-
forced white cotton webbing; with flannel-
lined canvas reinforced insert. Strap passel
under bed after a turn around spring rail to
anchor. Friction-type buckles. Buckle is un-
der .ide of bed out of patient's sight and
reach. Also available in Key-lock model
which attache. to each .ide of bed. Small,
medium and large sizes. No. 66. $8.10. Key-
Lock Belt, No. K66, $13.95.
-,
\\
'\
,-
II?
,
,
\
POSEY SAFETY BELT
Patented
Allows maximum freedom with safe re-
strain'. An improvement over sideboards,
the Po.ey belt is designed to be under the
patient and out of the way. Belt and bed
strap are of heavy white cotton webbing;
loop o':1d pad of corton flannel. Friction-type,
rust-resistant buckles. Small, Medium and
Large sizes. Safely Belt, No. 5-141, $6.75.
(Extra heavy construction with key. lock
buckles, No_ P-453, $19.80)
POSEY PRODUCTS
Stocked in Canada
B. C. HOLLINGSHEAD LIMITED
64 Gerrard Street E.
Toronto 2r Canada
20 THE CANADIAN NURSE
dates
August 21-24, 1967
American Hospital Association, 69th
annual meeting, Chicago's Internation-
al Amphitheatre, Chicago.
August 25-31, 1967
Fifth International Congress of Physi-
cal Medicine. To be held at the Queen
Elizabeth Hotel, Montreal.
August 27 - September 2, 1967
First North American Conference on
the Family to be held at Laval Uni-
versity, Quebec City. For information,
registration forms, write: Mr. Pierre
Brien, P.O. Box 717, Quebec 4, P.Q.
September, 1967
Registered Nurses' Association of
Prince Edward Island, Annual Meet-
ing.
September 4-6, 1967
Canadian Association of Medical Rec-
ord librarians, 25th Annual Meeting,
Holiday Inn, Montreal.
September 7-8; 1967
New Brunswick Hospital Association,
Annual Meeting, Algonquin Hotel, St.
Andrew's, N.B.
September 7-10, 1967
United Ostomy Association, Inc. Fifth
Annual Convention. To be held at
Holiday Inn, 420 Sherbrooke Street
West, Montreal. Nurses invited. Guest
speaker: Dr. Rupert Turnbull, Cleve-
land Clinic. 10 manufacturers of
ostomy equipment will exhibit. Infor-
mation: Mrs. Helen Litwin, 4635 Ox-
ford Ave., Montreal 29, P.Q.
September 11-12, 1967
Catholic Hospitol Conference of Al-
berta, Annual Convention, Edmonton.
September 19-22, 1967
10th Conference on Mental Retarda-
tion. Chateau Frontenac, Quebec City.
For further information write: Mrs.
D.M. Scott, National Conference
Chairman, 281 Huron Street, London,
Ontario.
September 15-17, 1967
70th Anniversary, Aberdeen Hospital
School of Nursing, New Glasgow,
Nova Scotia. Write: Mrs. Allison Mac-
Culloch, R.R. #2, New Glasgow, Pic-
tou Co., Nova Scotia.
Late September, 1967
The Saskatoon City Hospital graduates
in Eastern Ontario are planning a
reunion in St. Catharines, Ontario.
Would graduates of the school in
Eastern Canada please send names,
year of graduation, and addresses to:
Miss Ruth Schinbein, West Lincoln
Memorial Hospital, Grimsby, Ontario.
October 8-11, 1967
Community Planning Association of
Canada, Centennial Year National
Planning Conference, Ottawa.
October 19-21, 1967
First reunion of graduates of the
McGill School for Graduate Nurses,
Montreal. For further information
write Moyra Allen, Acting President of
the Alumnae Association, School for
Graduate Nurses, 3618 University
Street, Montreal 2, P.Q.
October 24-27, 1967
Regional Workshop for Directors of
Nursing Service in Hospitals. Con-
ducted by the Canadian Nurses' Asso-
ciation. Location: School of Nursing,
Regina General Hospital, Regina,
Saskatchewan.
October 21, 1967
Eleventh Annual Symposium on Re-
habilitation, sponsored by Rehabilita-
tion Foundation for the Disabled and
Ontario Society for Crippled Children,
Inn-on-the-Park, Toronto. Write: Dr. D.
A. Gibson, Suite 1028, 123 Edward
St., Toronto 2, Ontario.
November 7-9 r 1967
9th Annual Meeting Operating Room
Nurses of Montreal. To be held at
Skyline Hotel, 6050 Cote de Liesse,
Montreal, P.Q.
November 16-17, 1967
ANPQ Annual Meeting, Chateau
Frontenac, Quebec City.
May, 1968
Ontario Hospital, Kingston, Nurses
Alumnae 1968 Reunion. All interested
graduates please write Miss Marie
Peters, Ontario Hospital, Kingston.
July, 1968
Canadian Nurses' Association General
Meeting to be held in Saskatoon, Sas-
katchewan.
AUGUST 1967
new products
{
Descriptions are based on information
supplied by the manufacturer and are
provided only aø a service to readers.
A
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.
.
,
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Dat-EK
(COMPUTER INSTRUMENTS)
Description - Dat-EK records electrocar-
diograms, and transmits them in electronic
code over a telephone line to a central
computer, where they are analyzed in
seconds. Readings are returned to source,
usually over an electronic printer, for use
of attending physician. Photo shows an
electrocardiogram being taken on Dat-EK
for transmission to computer.
For information write: Computer Instru-
ments Corporation, 92 Madison Avenue,
Hempstead, L.I., New York 11550.
Portagen
(MEAD JOHNSON)
Description - A nutritionally complete
powder formulated with a special fat mix-
ture consisting of medium chain triglycer-
ides (derived from coconut din plus small
but nutritionally ample quantities of the
essential polyunsaturated fatty acids, as
safflower oil.
Indicatiolls - For use in the nutritional
management of infants and adults who do
not efficiently digest and absorb conven-
tional long-chain food fats. The triglycerides
contained in Portagen are more easily and
more rapidly hydrolyzed and absorbed than
AUGUST 1967
,
the triglycerides of long-chain fatty acids
present in conventional food fats. For use
also in pancreatic insufficiency, bile acid
deficiency, intestinal resection, lymphatic
anomalies, steatorrhea.
Administration - Portagen powder can
be prepared as an infant formula or as a
beverage.
Further information may be obtained
from Mead Johnson Laboratories, 111 St.
Clair Ave. W., Toronto 7, Onto
Monosticon
(ORGANON)
Description - A rapid slide test for
infectious mononucleosis that can be per-
formed on whole blood, serum, or plasma.
Neutralizing antigens (beef and guinea pig)
are supplied to provide a definitive diag-
nosis of infectious mononucleosis. The re-
cently released test adapts the complex and
time-consuming heterophile differential test
of Davidsohn to a glass slide. Now, it is
possible and practical to diagnose infec-
tious mononucleosis accurately in two
minutes, using only three drops of finger-
tip blood instead of blood obtained by
venipuncture.
The Monosticon slide test permits almost
instant confirmation or exclusion of in-
fectious mononucleosis in patients with sug-
gestive symptoms. It permits the screen-
ing of large groups of people living or
working in close contact. e.g., schools, col-
leges, nursing homes and other institutions.
Monosticon Quantitative, a companion
titration test, permits serial dilutions to de-
termine precisely the titer or quantitative
level of the heterophile antibody during the
course of the patient's illness. Results are
reported in the same terms as the David-
sohn differential test.
For information on procedure, precau-
tions or further background, write: Orga-
non Inc., 286 St. Paul Street West, Mont-
real, P.Q.
I
-
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IIU "01
Microlax
(PHARMACIA)
Description - A new disposable micro-
enema containing tribasic sodium citrate,
sorbitol, sodium lauryl sulphoacetate, and
a small amount of glycerin.
Indications - Constipation in rectum
and sigmoid colon; constipation during preg-
nancy; encopresis, cOI'Jrostasis; constipation
associated with confinements or surgery; and
as a preliminary to rectoscopic and sigmoi-
doscopic examinations.
Dosage - Adults and children: Rectal
application of the contents of one tube.
Bowel evacuation follows usually 5 to 20
minutes after the administration of Micro-
lax. One drop of the contents of the tube
suffices for lubrication of the nozzle.
For further information write: Pharma-
cia (Canada) Ltd., 110 Place Cremazie,
Suite 412, Montreal, P.Q.
Defibrillator
(GENERAL ElECTRIC)
Description - A D.C. Defibrillator for
emergency use in cardiac intensive care
suites. The unit is designed to correct ven-
tricular fibrillation, artial fibrillation and
ventricular tachycardia by reinstating the
rhythmic contractions of the heart. It does
this by providing a pulse of electrical en-
ergy through the heart, across the closed
chest or directly across the heart, thus de-
polarizing all of the heart cells.
The new unit is available with an op-
tional QRS synchronizer which accepts am-
plified ECG signals from a cardiac monitor,
identifies the portion of the signals asso-
ciated with ventricular contraction, then
triggers the Defibrillator. The QRS syn-
chronizer insures that the delivery of the
electrical pulse will not occur during the
vulnerable T-wave period.
For more information about cardiac care
equipment and systems, write to your local
General Electric x-ra)' Department.
.
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 21
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When the
call is for IIStat."
diagnostic findings
. . . you can rely on AMES tests for immediate
results in which you can have the utmost
confidence. For example:
LABSTIX" Reagent Strips: provide the broadest urine
screening possible from a single reagent strip test; you get
5 basic uro-analytical facts in 30 seconds-pH; protein;
glucose; ketones (acetone and acetoacetic acid), and occult
blood. The new firm, clear, plastic reagent strip permits
precise, reproducible readings in all 5 diagnostic areas.
DEXTROSTIX" Reagent Strips: provide a blood glucose
determination in just 60 seconds with only one drop of
capillary blood. DEXTROSTIX is invaluable in diabetic
screening and management, and in emergency situations
such as differential diagnosis of diabetic coma. This
"true-glucose" method is also useful in a variety of clinical
situations where rapid and accurate blood glucose
estimations are needed.
CliNITEST" Reagent Tablets-provide a quick, reliable,
quantitative estimate of urine sugar. Testing with
CLiNITEST has special significance for the hard-to-control
diabetic, the newly diagnosed patient. or in diabetes when
insulin, other medication or diet is being adjusted.
Reliable Reproducible Results
AM ES tests are easy to perform and require no elaborate
laboratory apparatus. They are designed to provide depend-
able clues to abnorm=31 condition5 when rapid findings are
necessary. Re3gents employed in each strip are precisely
controlled to provide uniformity in composition. Accurate,
reliable reproducible readings are thus assured. Ready inter-
pretation of results is permitted through the precise matching
of colour changes observed after testing, with colour charts
provided for each determination. AMES diagnostic aids save
time, money and space. Moreover they prove of material
assistance to physicians by helping to recognize patients
who need immediate care, further study, or more extensive
diagnostic procedures.
Ames Company of Canada, ltd.
Rexdale, Ontario.
(A'
AIVIES
>Reglstered Trademarks
C A M-OJ366
AUGUST 1967
in a capsule
Different Approach
Nursing is different at Brattleboro, Ver-
mont. Each nurse works with one doctor,
and she is responsible for taking care of
his patients - no matter what ward they
are on.
Practical nurses are trained to take over
administrative duties, and purely secretarial
jobs are handled by unit clerks. All ward
charge nurses are practical nurses directed
by an RN supervisor.
This system was started by Mr. Joseph
LaVoie, former director of nursing, and
continued by Mrs. Hilda Packard, current
director of nursing.
A refreshing approach and it apparently
works. - Journal of Psychiatric Nursing,
vol. 4, no. 6, Nov.-Dec. 1966, p. 613.
Clue to Color in Negroes, Whites
Quantitive differences in the level of an
enzyme in compounded form show up in
Negro and white people and may actually
affect pigmentation, reported Drs. Kenneth
M. Halprin and Akira Ohkawara of the
University of Oregon Medical School.
Dr. Halprin said measurable differences
were found in glutathione reductase, a body
enzyme which affects the level of gluta-
thione, which in turn inhibits melanin forma-
tion. In the original study, involving seven
white and seven Negro persons, whites had
a high level of glutathione reductase, Ne-
groes a low level. One Indian student had a
level in-between Negreos and whites.
"We aren't saying that this enzyme af-
fects pigmentation," Dr. Halprin said. "It's
a theory, though we have no proof as yet,
and we know of no way of getting inside
the cell to prove it."
Since the original study, the same quan-
titative differences have been found in 15
more Negro and white persons.
Dr. Halprin said there is some evidence
that the enzymes may be different proteins
in the two races. - Applied Therapeutics,
January 1967, volume 9, no. 1, p. 40.
Is It Worth 1ft
Physical and psychological effects of "the
Pill" have become a major source for news-
paper headlines of late. The controversy
ultimately boils down to a choice between
psychological benefits or physical draw-
backs. The latest argument against taking
the contraceptive pill comes from a Dutch
doctor, Dr. J.G. DeFares of Leiden Univer-
sity, who says evidence points to the con-
clusion that the pill produces in women a
condition comparable to that after the meno-
AUGUST 1967
pause. He describes the effect of the pill
as "creeping, subclinical, but radical," ac-
cording to a report in the Globe and Mail.
He goes on to say that the pill "leads to
the degeneration of tissue, quite clearly ac-
celerates the aging process, upsets the nat-
ural defense mechanisms, and affects the
woman in her most essential characteristic
- her femininity."
Meanwhile, American psychologists have
been studying the psychological factors in
the use of birth control pills. The study.
the first of its kind in the United States, in-
volved psychological testing before and dur-
ing use of the pills by 24 couples, 15 of
whom stayed on pills throughout the study,
while nine gave up. Basically. results showed
that wives who continue to Use birth con-
trol pills show increased interest in sex.
while those who quit the pill often show
less. The pill-taking wives suffer less from
depression and anxiety, and their husbands
generally benefit psychologically also. Both
groups of women had about the same
amount of annoying side effects, such as
headache and nausea, but some were appar-
ently "willing to tolerate these annoyances
if they enjoy sexuality..."
Canada. too, has its contribution to make
in the current debate. In a study of 637
private women patients in 10 centers across
Canada, "the startling thing is that the wo-
men trying not to get pregnant became preg-
nant at pretty much the same rate as those
who were trying," according to Dr. Alan
Giffen, a Toronto obstetrician and gynaecol-
ogist. The original aim of the study, which
involved only women who had borne chil-
dren after taking the pill, was to see
"whether there was any increased incidence
of abnormality among the babies," Dr. Gif-
fen said. "There definitely was not."
At the Canadian Medical Association an-
nual convention in Quebec City recently, a
panel of doctors reported that they are see-
ing more and more cases of reactions in
women patients who are taking birth con-
trol pills. Symptoms range from ch
nges in
skin pigmentation to serious depression ver-
ging on suicide.
MATERNITY
PLEASE
DEPOSIT
LITTER
HERE
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"I'm afraid there's been 50me mistake. . ."
THE CANADIAN NURSE 23
to hasten
healing
. ....
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. L.. ..... <:1-4'",.-
" f.:.
:-0 <.,<"'-'
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,
Elase@ Ointment
with
Chloromycetin@
The cleansing action of the debriding agent
Elase, plus the direct antibacterial effect of
Chloromycetin, provides dual-purpose action
to promote prompt healing of infected surface
lesions.
Elase is a combination of two lytic enzymes-
fibrinolysin and desoxyribonuclease (bovine),
Parke-Davis. Elase Ointment with Chloromycetin
contains 1 unit (Loomis) of fibrinolysin, 666 units
of desoxyribonuclease, and 10 mg. of Chloromy-
cetin (chloramphenicol, Parke-Davis) per Gm.
,
...
INDICATIONS: Elase Ointment with Chloromycetin may
be used topically in a variety of surface lesions where both
a debriding agent and a topical antibiotic are indicated.
These include: general surgical wounds, ulcerative lesions,
second- and third-degree burns, cervicitis, vaginitis,
episiotomy, and circumcision. APPLICATION: Apply
topically as indicated, one or more times a day. Remove
necrotic debris between applications.
PRECAUTIONS: Observe usual precautions against
allergic reactions, particularly in persons highly sensitive
to materials of bovine origin. Following long-term topical
use of chloramphenicol, the patient may become sensitized
to the drug. SIDE EFFECTS: Local hyperemia may occur
following the use of Elase. SUPPLY: Elase Ointment with
Chloromycetin is supplied in 30 Gm. tubes. V-Applicators
to fit tube for intravaginal application are available.
Detailed information available On request. C...D....
I PARKE-DAVIS I
PARKE DAVIS ð COMPANY LTC MONTREAL 9
For the past two decades, we have
lived in a society that has constantly
reported a shortage of skilled man-
power. These reports have come from
all phases of business and industry
and from many segments of the health
profession. We have accepted this sit-
uation as a condition of life rather
than as a human problem that can
and will submit to rational solutions.
In the nursing profession, we have
heard continuously about a "shortage
of nurses." This so-called shortage can
and probably has jeopardized the
entire structure of health care in this
country. It will continue to do so as
long as we refuse to face the problem
squarely as a preface to seeking and
finding solutions to it.
No shortage of nurses
Against this background, I wish to
record, with all the emphasis at my
command, two particular points:
1. At this time in Canada, there is
no shortage of qualified nurses. There
is an abundance of nurses. There is,
however, such a colossal waste of
nursing skills from poor utilization of
nursing time, turnover of staff, emi-
gration and non-practicing personnel,
that it results in an actual shortage
of available nursing hours.
2. Unless corrected, the sub-standard
levels of salaries and working condi-
tions now prevailing in the profession
will, within a few years, create an ac-
tual shortage of nurses. Since 1950, the
percentage of qualified women seeking
AUGUST 1967
Manpower problems
. .
In nursing
There is no shortage of qualified nurses. There is, however, such a colossal waste
of nursing skills that an actual shortage of available nursing hours results.
Helen K. Mussallem, R.N., Ed.D.
entry into the profession has declined
by more than 50 percent and the de-
cline is continuing.
In the context of manpower prob-
lems, our profession is grappling si-
multaneously with two crises: How,
in a period of an abundance of nurses,
can their time be used effectively to
provide adequate nursing service? And
how can the decline of admissions in-
to the profession be arrested so that
adequate nurses will be available to
provide necessary care in the future?
Basic data now available
A few years ago, these observations
and conclusions might well have been
reached, but would necessarily have
been based on conjectures. There
existed very little valid data on nurse
manpower in Canada. This now has
changed - and it has changed through
a full-scale data collection program
initiated and financed by the Canadian
Nurses' Association, the largest pro-
fessional health association in Canada.
Among its many duties, our Research
Unit now provides basic, essential
data on the nurse population and the
disposition of nursing skills. We obtain
this information through arrangements
with the 10 provincial assoèiations.
who in turn, obtain it from individual
Dr. Mussallem is Executive Director of
the Canadian Nurses' Association. This
paper is adapted from an address to the
IOOth Annual Meeting of the Canadian
Medical Association.
nurses at the time of initial registration
or re-registration. We now know what
is happening in the profession.
Several categories of personnel con-
tribute to the nursing care of patients
in hospitals and in the community.
While I shall mention briefly the nurs-
ing assistant or practical nurse, my
information will be largely related to
the registered nurse population
those who have graduated from di-
ploma or degree programs. Here are
a few pertinent facts.
Ratio could be 1:80
There are in Canada over 12 I ,000
registered nurses, or a ratio of one
registered nurse to 164 population -
the highest ratio yet attained in Cana-
da and one of the highest in the world.
This figure represents only those nur-
ses who are currently registered. It
does not represent nurses who were
once registered and not employed, nor
those who are employed and not reg-
istered - as they may be in six prov-
inces. When these nurses are includ-
ed, it is estimated that our total nurse
population is not 121,000, but closer
to 250,000 - or a ratio of nurses to
population of I in 80.
Why then the persistent cry across
the country of shortages of nurses?
There are many reasons. First, what
is the employment status? Data based
on information from 95 percent of
currently registered nurses reveals
that:
. Only 54 percent are employed
THE CANADIAN NURSE 25
full time, that is, just over one-half
the registered nurses m Canada
(61,466).
. Nineteen percent (21,051) are
employed part-time.
. Twenty-two percent (24.638) are
not employed in nursing.
. Five percent (5,711) did not
report their employment status.
Is there a shortage of nurses? No.
There is a shortage of nurses work-
ing in the occupation of nursing. Why?
We have failed to eliminate the wast-
age of highly skilled professionals be-
cause we can afford to be wasteful
in Canada.
What are some of the characteris-
tics of employed nurses? The over-
whelming percentage of employed
nurses - 78.7 percent - work in
hospitals. Despite efforts to increase
public health programs, only 6.3 per-
cent are employed in this specialty. A
gradually declining group is that of
private duty nursing - 4.5 percent.
The remainder are located in schools
of nursing, which employ 3.5 percent:
office nurses and those working for
doctors and dentists represent 2.6 per-
cent; and occupational health enga-
ges 1.7 percent.
Ours is a young population. The
majority of nursing manpower (43,000)
is in the younger age group. Over 50
percent of these employed nurses are
under 35 years and 40 percent are
under 30 years. The median age is
33.5.
In Canada today, more married
women have remained in or are re-
entering the labor force. This is true
in nursing. Over 50 percent (42,747)
of employed nurses are married.
Despite efforts made to upgrade the
qualifications of nurses, a pathetically
small proportion of nurses hold the
qualifications required, particularly in
the senior administrative positions and
in schools of nursing. [t is agreed that
25 to 33 percent of positions in nurs-
ing in Canada require at least a bac-
calaureate degree. In actual fact, only
5 percent of nurses have these qualifi-
cations - and the yearly increase is
imperceptible.
26 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Nursing in Canada is mainly a fe-
male occupation. Of the more than
80,000 employed nurses, only 372,
or less than 0.5 percent, are men.
Rate of turnover hi2h
In the context of nursing hours
available for actual nursing, there is
one situation that is particularly signif-
icant within the profession and that
is the rate of turnover. The impli-
cations of high turnover are far-reach-
ing indeed. The actual loss in effective
nursing man-hours is most significant.
The loss in dollars is phenomenal.
Melbin and Taub, dealing with the
high cost of replacing a nurse in the
October 1966 issue of Hospitals
quoted studies revealing that the mea-
sure able cost of replacing one nurse
in a large metropolitan hospital is ap-
proximately $500.* Using this figure as
a criterion in the Canadian situation,
the turnover of nursing personnel
costs millions annually.
Through unpublished data from the
Dominion Bureau of Statistics, made
available to the Research Unit of the
CNA, we now know much more about
turnover than was known a few
years ago. The highest mean turnover
rate of full-time nursing department
staff is in public general hospitals and
is in the category of general staff
nurses. Each year there is a turnover
of 61 percent of the general staff. For
example, if 60,000 of the nurse power
are general staff nurses (and this is
probably a conservative estimate),
each year 40,000 staff nurses change
positions. Using the $500 figure cal-
culated by Melbin and Taub, this
would represent a cost of approxi-
mately 20 million dollars per year
for turnover of general staff nurses
alone. This figure, incidentally, does
not take into account the uncalcula-
ble costs such as loss of effectiveness
of a new staff member, time spent by
other nurses and ward personnel an-
swering questions, giving guidance,
* Murray Melbin and Doris L. Taub,
"The High Cost of Replacing a Nurse,"
Hospitals, Oct. 16, 1966.
and generally integrating the new
member into the working team.
The next highest mean turnover
rate is full-time qualified nursing as-
sistants - 42.94 percent, followed
closely by orderlies - 41.95 percent.
The mean turnover rate for nursing
directors in public general hospitals is
15.9 percent; among nursing super-
visors, it is 14 percent; and among
head nurses it is 18.03 percent.
To caluculate this loss in hours
and dollars, as these changes take
place in the almost 1,000 general
public hospitals in Canada, would be
to arrive at astronomical totals.
How to increase manpower
How can available manpower in
nursing be increased? There are nu-
merous ways in which this can be
done.
1. Reduce the wastage of nursing
hours through improved utilization of
the nurse's time. Over 100,000 hours
of highly-skilled time of registered
nurses - the equivalent of over
12,000 registered nurses - are wasted
daily across Canada, either through
carrying out duties that could be as-
signed to less skilled workers or car-
rying out medical procedures.
2. Increase recruitment into the
professional schools, reduce student
attrition rate, and thus increase the
number of new graduates.
3. Reduce the turnover rate.
4. Change the "not employed"
status of over 25,000 registered nurses
to "employed."
5. Recruit back into the labor force
at least a portion of the 120,000
nurses who can but do not now con-
tribute to the nursing force.
6. Change the part-time status of
registered nurses to full-time (one out
of five now works part-time).
7. Increase immigration and reduce
emigration of nurses.
An improvement in these seven
factors could add so much nurse man-
power that the problem in this country
could be one of society's inability to
use all the available skills. This could
happen, but will not as long as in-
sufficient effort is being made to rem-
edy these factors and control the
variables that influence them. The
numbers recruited from graduates of
schools of nursing are an example -
and here we encounter a situation
that can have disastrous implications
for the future of nursing service.
Recruitment into schools of nurs-
ing has steadily declined. In 1940,
about 25 percent (1 in 4) of female
students in Canada at the junior ma-
triculation level enrolled in schools
of nursing. By 1950, this had declined
to 20 percent (1 in 5); by 1960, to
AUGUST 1967
-
-
AUGUST 1967
..
I
.
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-
10 percent (1 in 10); by 1965, to
9 percent; and by 1966, to 8 percent.
Each year the figure declines; unless
drastic changes are made, we can look
forward to about 5 to 6 percent (1 in
20) of female high school graduates
entering nursing.
This trend is now evident in the
number of graduates from 188 basic
schools of nursing. In the 1940's, the
1950's and early 1960's, the numbers
of graduates steadily climbed each
year - usually an increase of 400
graduates over the previous year. For
example, in 1961 there were 6,000
graduates and in 1962 there were
6,394. However, in 1964, 7,261 stu-
dents graduated, and in 1965, 7,360
- an increase of only 99. Similarly,
in 1966, the total number of students
graduating was 7,387 - an increase
of only 27 over the previous year.
Indications are that this trend will
continue. If the numbers of nurses
who graduated changed their work pat-
tern and practiced for their normal
working years, there would be a little
less cause for concern. However, re-
cent studies reveal that under present
conditions, at least three nurses must
graduate to obtain a net gain of one
working in the profession.
An increase in manpower could be
realized through immigration, but the
numbers gained through immigration
into Canada are offset through emi-
gration. In 1966, 2,076 nurses from
52 countries became registered in Can-
ada. The largest numbers came from
Great Britain (847), the Philippines
(550) and the U.S.A. (174). During
that year, Canada lost approximately
2,000 registered nurses; of these, 1,620
emigrated to the United States.
-
"'
Change salaries and working
conditions
The declining number of recruits to
the profession points to a situation that
can and must be isolated, examined,
and rectified: the salaries and working
conditions of the professional nurse.
Both require improvement. The growth
of the nursing profession in Canada
has been plagued through its long his-
THE CANADIAN NURSE 27
tory by sub-standard salaries. In an
era of limited professional opportuni-
ties for women, this situation could
be tolerated. That era is past. Most
professions are now open to women
and to obtain adequate numbers of
qualified members, the nursing pro-
fession must offer rewards comparable
to other professions available to wo-
men.
The depressed state of salaries for
beginning practitioners in nursing has
been recognized for many years. As
recently as last year, beginning nurse
practitioners were paid $285 per month
in some provinces and up to $405
in others. Now nurses are taking the
initiative. Collective bargaining pro-
grams and other forms of negotiations
are being carried on by nurses' asso-
ciations in every province in Canada.
rn the past, nurses were reluctant
to avail themselves of the collective
bargaining process. They turned to it
when all other forms of appeal failed,
when the rewards in other available
professions far outstripped those avail-
ahle in nursing. But they have turn-
ed to it. More than 700 bargaining
units are now active and the num-
ber is increasing rapidly. The Can-
adian Nurses' Association has set the
salary goal in 1968 at $6,000 per
year for beginning practitioners, and
two provinces have set this as their
goal for next year.
rn 1966, the CNA collected data
of salaries of full-time nurse faculty
in hospital professional nursing edu-
cation programs. The median salary
for the nurse teacher in Canada was
found to be $5,230 per annum. For a
teacher with a baccalaureate degree
it was $5.575, and for a master's or
higher degree, $6,135. Little wonder
that over 70 percent of our teachers
do not possess the minimum educa-
tional requirements for these positions.
Directors of nursing education had
little financial incentive for their addi-
tional responsibility - in fact, about
$10-$20 per month.
We are told that if a profession is
to be well staffed, then it must be
well paid and well educated. The im-
28 THE CANADIAN NURSE
plication is clear. It has been acted on
in Canada in other professions, but
not in nursing.
Number of nursing assistants
increasing
People who are concerned about
providing nursing care often suggest
nursing assistants (or practical nurses)
as an answer to the nurse manpower
problem. The phenomenal increase
in numbers of nursing assistants has
not and cannot solve the problem.
Of all the categories of workers in
the health occupations prepared
through educational programs, none
has increased more rapidly over the
past 20 years than the nursing assis-
tant. There are now over 30,000 reg-
istered or licenced nursing assistants
in Canada, and we know that thou-
sands more are practicing without li-
censes. The numbers graduating from
schools for nursing assistants have in-
creased dramatically in comparison
with graduates from basic nursing pro-
grams. If the present trend continues,
new nursing assistant graduates could
eventually outnumber new graduates
from professional schools of nursing.
On the surface, this may appear to be
the answer to the nursing problem. H
is not. Nursing assistants are being mis-
used. They are being assigned to work
and nursing responsibility beyond their
education, preparation and competen-
cy. This has had and is having an
adverse effect on the quality of patient
care.
For this and for many other reasons,
the Canadian Nurses' Association has
called for two categories of nurses:
graduates from university schools and
graduates from diploma schools in a
ratio of I :3. These would be the only
workers prepared through formal edu-
cational programs who would work
within the occupation of nursing.
Here, the university-trained graduate
would be the senior member of the
nursing team, functioning as a highly
skilled practitioner and as a full col-
league on the health team. Society
no longer can afford to use nurses
simply to carry out orders, or sub-
stitute for non-nursing personnel when
they are unavailable or when their
department is closed.
Plan and program needed
The data on manpower in nursing
collected by the Canadian Nurses' As-
sociation have assisted the national
association and its provincial members
to formulate plans for providing the
amount and quality of nursing services
required for expanding health services.
But we, as nurses, should not plan
alone - no more than should any
one of the health professions.
As we now stand at the threshold of
an unprecedented expansion in health
services in this country, we cannot
continue to talk about manpower prob-
lems. We need a plan and a program
that embraces all workers in the health
professions - a plan worked out in
coordination with all professional
health associations.
Let us be done with these edgy con-
frontations that take place between
our professional associations. Let us
progress toward relaxed dialogue and
conversation among colleagues.
rn Canada, we can go forward and
produce a creative plan of provid-
ing more and improved health services
through better utilization of all our
health personnel and resources. But
will we? Or will we, separately and in
good faith, continue to try to solve all
the manpower problems in our own
field, all by ourselves, all in our own
separate compartments?
This is not a criticism of people; it
is a criticism of an existing situation.
But it is we ""ho shape the affairs
of our time and we who will have to
answer for deficiencies at the bar of
history. The real task ahead - for
coordinated planning of health ser-
vices - needs cooperation; but mostly
it needs courage. To postpone a large
and difficult enterprise simply because
it is large and difficult, means to
abandon .III hope of advance. We are
prepared to resist the easy .tnswcrs in
our drive toward more enduring solu-
tions of the many-faceted problems of
manpower in the health profession. 0
AUGUST 1967
AUGUST 1%7
New image for the
hospital chaplain
His interest in the patient extends beyond the traditional concern with
"the state of the soul." Today, the hospital chaplain is a well-trained, active
participant on the health team.
Robert A. Wallace
.
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 29
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30 THE CANADIAN NURSE
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AUGUST 1%7
I
He can be found in the emergency
unit helping to cal
a noi
y a!1 d
abusive skid-row derelIct. He SitS with
the father who has just been told that
his firstborn is a mongoloid. He com-
forts the mother who has learned that
she has cancer. He knows the fears of
the preoperative youngster. He is the
hospital chaplain.
Chaplain a specialist
The chaplain is a familiar figure in
every hospital, yet many doctors and
nurses still harbor outmoded impres-
sions of his role. This is because the
position in the past often was filled by
retired men or by ministers with phys-
ical handicaps.
Today, the hospital chaplain is a
well-trained specialist. Like other min-
isters, he completes a seven-year pro-
gram of study in the university and
seminary; then, in addition, he receives
extensive training in the spiritual care
of the sick. Most religious denomina-
tions and hospitals now require him to
spend at least six months in a clinical
setting, under the supervision of med-
ical, psychiatric, and chaplaincy ser-
vices. In many instances he is expected
to have a master's degree in counsel-
mg.
Until recently, Canadian chaplains
were accredited by American institu-
tions but in 1965, the Canadian
Cou
cil for Supervised Pastoral Educa-
tion (CCSPE) was formed in Toronto.
Specialist in "the will"
The hospital chaplain today, then,
is a specialist. But in what? He is a
specialist in the will or, in more theo-
logical terms, a specialist in the spirit
or soul.
In recent years, our awareness of
the importance of the role of the will
in health and illness has increased. We
know that the patient's attitude toward
his life can affect his recovery. This
nebulous area, which involves the will
to live or to die, to achieve or to fail,
to trust or to withdraw, is the chap-
lain's main concern. It is, indeed, his
area of specialization.
Obviously, his interest in the patient
will extend beyond the traditional con-
cern with "the state of the soul." The
religious denomination of a patient will
concern him not so much in terms of
doctrine but in terms of its effective-
ness in providing force and direction.
His responsibility is to bring to bear
the inner resources of faith to free the
patient for creative growth.
Broader role
Much of the literature written for
the nurse stresses her role in assisting
the chaplain to carry out the conven-
tional devotional rites of the church.
AUGUST 1967
This excerpt from Henderson's Basic
Principles of Nursing Care* is an eX-
ample.
This concept of making it possible for
the patient to practice his religion involves
a good many specific activities. . . . The fol-
lowing are among the most obvious ones:
helping the patient to go to a place of
worship or getting a clergyman of his faith
to come to him; providing conditions under
which he may talk to the clergyman in
privacy; and making it possible for him to
receive the sacraments which are a part of
his religious life.
This statement is restrictive; it em-
phasizes formal religious observances.
Such assistance is essential and appre-
ciated by the chaplain, but his own
role is much broader than is suggested
in most literature.
What chaplain is
. He is a member of the health team
- a highly trained specialist in the
dimension of the spirit and its rele-
vance in healing.
. He is a friendly visitor. He rejects
the old image of the jolly caller who
tots up as many brief visits as possible
in a day. Still, he knows the devastat-
ing effect of loneliness and acts as a
coordinator and trainer of lay visitors.
Such lay workers report to him and
refer patients to him when indicated.
. He is a family counselor - on a
short term basis. He is available for
immediate contact in an emergency
when a family is facing anxiety or
$!:rief. Though he eventually will refer
such persons to a minister in the com-
munity, he is on call to ease the first
hours of their disaster.
. He is a staff chaplain, that is, he
ministers to the whole hospital staff in
their work-setting, making no attempt
to displace their loyalties to their home
congregation. For laundry staff and
hospital administrators alike he is one
who cares about them as individuals,
who shares their workday concerns,
who is available for helpful dialogue
at any time.
. He is a priest to members of his
own denomination and is available for
the familiar devotional rites and ob-
servances.
. He is a leader of worship in the in-
stitution. With most general hospitals
confining their admissions to active
treatment, there are fewer ambulatory
patients and thus less emphasis on
formal worship. However, chapels are
used for services that are often of im-
portance to psychiatric patients in par-
ticular, and also to convalescent pa-
tients and, on occasion, to staff.
'Virginia Henderson. Basic Principles of
Nursing Care. International Council of
Nurses. 1960, p. 34.
. He is a liason with the community,
and is in contact with churches sur-
rounding the hospital itself. He can in-
terpret outpatient programs and enlist
community support.
. He is a trainer of ministers. When
qualified, he can develop a program. of
clinical training for pastoral educatIOn
in the hospital. Local ministers will
turn to him for personal consultation;
seminaries will look to him for guid-
ance in training clergymen.
. He is a possible resource for the
hospital's training programs and may
be helpful to nursing education. He
often leads staff seminars on topics
such as grief and bereavement, the
terminal patient, communication, ways
of facing tragedy, and the problems of
the unwed mother.
What chaplain is not
. He is not an excuse for hospital
staff - nurses in particular - tc
avoid personal involvement with the
patient on the dimension of the spirit.
. He is not a last resort. In Henry V,
Dame Quickly, describing Falstaff's
death, tells how she comforted him
with the assurance, "I told him he had
no need to think of God yet." The
chaplain can help the family or the
patient as death approaches and when
it comes. He can be more helpful if he
is called earlier.
. He is not "too busy." Some persons
believe that a comment on the "busy-
ness" of professional persons is a form
of compliment. The chaplain is busy
- as is the nurse - but never too
busy to listen. Bodies are healed by
rest and quiet; spirits are healed by
care and listening.
Reverend Wallace is the Acting Staff
Chaplain at the Foothills General Hospital
in Calgary, Alberta. as well as minister of
Parkdale United Church in the same city. 0
THE CANADIAN NURSE 31
Nurses are on the move. Perhaps
this is not only natural, but healthy
and more desirable than we are pre-
pared to admit. If upward mobility
is blocked, geographic mobility can be
expected in the young nurse who is
looking for challenge, excitement and
stimulation in her career. A reason-
able turnover of staff should be ac-
cepted and recognized as an energizing
force. This means that orientation and
training of staff need to be accepted as
important and not as a time-consuming
inconvenience to be resented and done
only if time permits.
Rapid turnover of personnel also
may involve rapid promotion to leader-
ship positions. This places new de-
mands on staff and creates a further
need for inservice education. Most
schools of nursing - whether they be
hospital diploma schools or university
degree schools - are producing well-
prepared beside nurses. They are not
producing team leaders and managers.
At present, inservice education pro-
vides most of the management training
that is available to nurses.
Rapid and profound scientific
achievement affect nursing and also
create a need for in service education.
An effective in service nurse does not
merely respond to events; she anti-
cipates them and is ready for them.
Activity of thought, utilization of
Miss Callin is assistant director of nursing
at The Montreal Children's Hospital. She
is in charge of inservice education.
32 THE CANADIAN NURSE
In service education
A nurse educator looks at some concepts that underlie her approach to inservice
education - a results-oriented approach that aims to meet real and recognized
staff needs.
Mona E. Callin
ideas, and solution of problems should
be the aim. of in service education.
Presentation of ideas is not enough.
Inservice education is "results-orient-
ed."
Inservice education
Many educators see their role as
one in which they make available to
people relevant and accurate ideas.
information and skills, with respect to
the problems that confront them. They
may not recognize that the attitudes
and values that help to determine the
use people make of this information
is also a valid concern of the educator.
The inservice educator, however, must
be concerned with the results of her
teaching and advising.
Inservice education succeeds only if
it produces practical results, and only
if it is in touch with the work situ-
ation. The learning - the change of
behavior that is planned - must be
appropriate to the staff member's role.
A nurse learns the approved and ac-
cepted behavior for her role while on
the job. Learning that conflicts with
practice will be rejected. The nurse
knows that if she acquires learning and
develops behavior that is not based
on social reality, she will not succeed
professionally. Therefore, whatever an
inservice educator suggests, particu-
larly in staff development, must be in
accord with hospital practice if it is
to be accepted.
Results-oriented teaching is more
complex than merely providing infor-
mation. It is one thing to have intel-
lectual understanding and another to be
emotionally committed to a new idea.
Mere intellectual understanding will
not prevent a person from reverting to
his usual way of reacting when present-
ed with an actual situation where the
consequences are important. Change.
to be maintained. must be support-
ed and the learning reinforced. There-
fore, in service education starts at the
top, because every supervisor has staff-
development functions for her subor-
dinates. She follows up the program
by recognizing and supporting change
of behavior as it appears and by assist-
ing staff members to implement their
learning in clinical situations.
This is the most difficult and most
important phase of a staff-development
program and one for which the inser-
vice educator does not relinquish all
responsibility. She must be prepared
to help the supervisors with their prob-
lems - problems her program has
helped to create.
It is hoped that inservice education
will create changes in staff, in their
function, and in their environment.
This change will not happen over-
night and progress will not emerge
uniformly throughout the institution.
The period of change may be one of
great stress: interpersonal stress be-
tween people as old standards of be-
havior are replaced by new ones, in-
trapersonal stress as concepts are in-
ternalized and behavior modified. The
inservice educator must anticipate
AUGUST 1967
these stresses, recognize their cause,
and accept responsibility for helping
staff to manage this period of diffi-
culty and frustration.
The adult learner
The adult learner is not a child in
school. A child is expected to acquire
knowledge in the classroom. He is
presented with facts, ideas, and con-
cepts that usually do not immediately
effect his behavior and interpersonal
relations. But, an inservice program is
geared to change and frequently the
participants are expected to modify
some aspect of their behavior.
Staff who attend in service programs
have been learning how to deal with
other human beings since their infan-
cy, and many of the basic strategies
that determine the quality, character
and limits of their relationships are
imbedded in their personality struc-
ture and function as part of their sys-
tem of security as "selves." To ask
adults even to consider alternatives to
some of these attitudes and strategies
therefore can be deeply threatening.
Yet effective inservice education de-
pends on helping staff members to en-
tertain alternatives with respect to
strongly defended patterns of behavior
(and interpersonal relations), which
can thwart effectiveness and growth.
When change i'i being engineered,
especially when the change involves
behavior and attitudes, people need an
atmosphere in which they can admit
and accept their inadequacies. The
group should be carefully chosen and
should have a stable membership, so
that satisfying and secure relationship
patterns can develop. With this secur-
ity, members can explore alternative
ways of relating to authority figures,
peers, and subordinates, and the learn-
ing can be internalized.
Three methods
The in service educator has a choice
of three principal methods of present-
ing a staff development program.
She may use the academic approach,
which assumes that it is up to the
teacher to present information, in per-
son and through selected readings,
movies, and other aides. Discussion is
only to help clarify the meaning of
the information. The authoritative
statements can be reacted to with ac-
ceptance, confusion, or rejection. In
this academic approach the group is
dependent on the leader; motivation
for learning is greatly affected by the
identification of the group with the
leader and by her enthusiasm for her
topic. The academic approach is the
most familiar one, and it may well
be that at the beginning of an inser-
vice program, the academic approach
AUGUST 1967
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is the most attractive to the leader
and the group.
The practical approach combines
learning by doing, plus generalization
from the practice situation to a range
of other situations. It is frequently
used in workshop where there is guid-
ed discussion and problem solving but
no formal presentation. The relation-
ship between the individual's objec-
tives and his participation will deter-
mine the extent of learning. This ap-
proach is most successful when the
group members are peers and have
mutual problems to solve.
The social approach pernúts a high
degree of non-work interaction; the
social needs of the group dominate the
educational needs. This approach is
useful in certain situations when the
inservice educator believes that ac-
tivities oriented to the group's need for
belonging and for social solidarity are
essential, for example, when an estab-
lished group has had a major change
of membership or when a new group
is being fonned.
When conducting a staff develop-
ment program the inservice educator
should appreciate the needs of the
group and select the most appropriate
form of presentation. Some people
who will be comfortable with the aca-
demic approach may feel threatened
by the less-structured practical ap-
proach. It should also be remembered
that nurses tend to be activity oriented
and they may feel guilty if the social
approach is used.
Orientation: New staff members are
introduced to the principles of
intravenous therapy for pediatric
patients.
Staff Development: Informality and
active participation are features of staff
development projects.
Special Interest Groups: A group of
public health nurses learn about family
planning.
An inservice program begins
If an inservice educator believes in
results-oriented activities, she recogni-
zes that planning a successful program
is considerably more complex than
calling in a few guest speakers. She
is acutely aware that careful strategy in
introducing and operating such a pro-
gram is every bit as important as con-
tent.
Active staff involvement in the early
stages of planning, well before actual
sessions begin, is essential. Even if
the inservice educator is working under
pressure to get the program started
as soon as possible, she cannot slight
this stage. Later, the program's suc-
cess will depend largely on how well
the staff think it meets their individual
needs, and the chance of meeting the
needs is greater if staff have a hand
in initial planning.
To accomplish this collective plan-
ning the inservice educator needs the
help of interested staff members. Con-
tact with the staff need not be fonnal;
it may be no more than coffee-break
conversation. In any case, it should be
as personal as possible. To this end
the inservice nurse must be available
to the staff and should visit the wards
and clinical areas to keep in touch
with people, their progress, and their
problems.
When an in service program is just
getting started in a hospital, success is
essential. Some sessions are bound to
fizzle, but if this happens early in the
project it is a major disaster. The in-
THE CANADIAN NURSE 33
service nurse will do well to concen-
trate her initial efforts where they are
apt to succeed. Later, she can convert
the unbelievers.
If inservice projects are to be suc-
cessful, tangible evidence of top man-
agement support is essential. This
means that managemem interest must
be maintained through regular written
or verbal reports by the planner. These
must emphasize the relationship be-
tween in service education. problem-
solving, and quality of patient care.
Orientation programs
Orientation means to discover where
one stands in a particular situation and
where one stands in relation to other
people in the group. Very often orien-
tation is thought of as a program de-
signed for new staff. A different con-
cept of orientation is worthy of con-
sideration.
Orientation also means a way of
looking at things, a point of view, and
when one changes roles, a change of
orientation is often necessary. This is
the most difficult change to make and
something that the person planning the
job familiarization program should
remember. Staff transferred to a new
unit or promoted to a new position
are just as much in need of job fam-
iliarization as are new employees.
A planned program is necessary, but
individual needs form the basis. A gen-
eral duty nurse being promoted to
evening supervisor will need more
time to become oriented to her new
position than would an assistant head
nurse who is being transferred from
one surgical ward to another.
Orientation for staff transferred or
promoted within the hospital can be
developed on an individual basis.
Orientation programs for new em-
ployees, however, usually must be
group programs and cannot be de-
veloped to meet the needs peculiar to
individual members. Certain needs are
common to all new employees, how-
ever.
New staff members are frequently
excited and anxious about their jobs.
They need opportunities to reduce
anxiety through talking, asking ques-
tions, walking about, and visiting the
water fountain.
Because job familiarization is part
of a results-oriented educational pro-
gram, the inservice nurse will be more
concerned with helping the new em-
ployees to reach maximum productiv-
ity as rapidly as possible than with
presenting information according to
plan. This means that she will be sen-
sitive to the need of new staff mem-
bers to raise questions and go off on
tangents. She will also recognize that
while certain core material can be pre-
34 THE CANADIAN NURSE
sented to a mixed group of graduates,
nursing assistants, and aides, two-way
communication and discussion will be
easier in smaller peer group sessions.
The new employee will want to see
her ward, to observe some of the pa-
tients, and to meet the staff with whom
she is to work, as soon as possible.
As one purpose of orientation is to
capitalize on the value of first impres-
sions, this introduction of the new staff
member should be carefully planned,
timed. and engineered.
Evaluating the program
When inservice education is results
oriented, activities are planned to
achieve improvement in the quality of
patient care. It is against this yard-
stick that all results and achievements
are measured.
If the in service educator is to ac-
curately appraise her activities, she
must posse
s a high degree of objeètivi-
tv toward herself and her programs.
If staff are to be able to tell her the
negative feelings they have about a
particular project that fizzled, they
must know that it is safe to do so,
that she has sufficient self
cceptance
not to view these adverse comments
as a threat to her person. If she can-
not project an image of adequate self-
esteem the group may feel they can
only tell her the things she would like
to hear and many things she needs to
know will be left unsaid.
Each project must be carefully ap-
praised. Did it reach the group to
which it was directed? Did it meet
their needs? Was it well received? Has
the problem been solved? Has another
problem come to light? This appraisal
process requires that the inservice
nurse spend as much time evaluating
as she did preparing and presenting
the program.
Change is the cause, process, and
result of in service education. When
the inservice nurse develops a project,
she has some change in mind and
when she evaluates the project she
must try to estimate how far she has
moved toward this objective. Perhaps
change has occurred but perhaps it
is not the change that was planned.
Recording attendance and studying
the figures can be useful in evaluating
programs. These statistics may indicate
which wards were too busy to free
staff to attend, which units felt the
project of real interest to them, which
wards have head nurses who believe in
staff education, and which hours are
most convenient for particular units.
As the in service nurse interprets these
figures to the staff, she may learn
how her introduction of the project
was received, how the timing suited
individual areas, and how effective the
advance publicity. This exchange of in-
formation al1d ideas can be most help-
ful in planning future programs.
Written evaluations, completed by
the participants after a program, pro-
vide much useful information, and fol-
low-up conferences to discuss long-term
effects can be helpful. If a project was
undertaken to solve a clinical problem,
follow-up visits to the wards and in-
terviews with the personnel involved
are essential for valid evaluation.
Some projects can be evaluated with
relative ease and concrete evidence of
success or failure can be obtained. A
project to reduce medication errors
can be appraised on the basis of the
number of incident slips received by
the supervisors.
Some projects, those involved with
the quality of patient care, are more
difficult to evaluate. Quality is almost
impossible to measure, and concrete
evidence of improvement in quality
is hard to acquire. Sometimes indirect
estimations can have value. If the
morale, enthusiasm, and awareness of
the staff improves, if they initiate ac-
tivities, then it is not unrealistic to
assume that this enthusiasm may be
reflected in improved patient care.
A major task of inservice education
is the development of dynamic rather
than static patterns of hospital life -
patterns that would encourage readi-
ness for change and sensivity to the
currents of thought and opinion mov-
ing in front of the larger society in
which the hospital exists. If new ideas
can be introduced, tried out, and ac-
cepted by the staff, it is reasonable to
suppose that change has been accepted
as a way of life and that various mem-
bers of the staff have developed skills
in overcoming resistance to change.
Evaluation of the programs, pro-
jects, and activities of the inservice
division is not the end of the process,
it is just one segment of a cycle. Of-
ten in the appraisal of one project the
inservice nurse discovers the basis for
a further program. And so it goes on.
Inservice education - like change -
is a continuous process.
Bibliography
Benne, Kenneth D. The re-education of
adults in their human relationships.
Adult Education, Spring 1958. p. 154.
Falk, Roger. The Business of Management.
London. Penguin Books. 1961, p. 163.
Jensen, Jerry J., How to get started on
supervisory training. Personnel, Septem-
ber-October. 1965. p. 32.
Reynolds, Helen. Eight years as director of
inservice education. Nursing Outlook,
February 1963. p. 100.
Thelen. Herbert A. Four propositions in
search of an educational dynamic, Adult
Education, Spring 1958, p. 148. 0
AUGUST 1%7
Inservice education for nursing
staff is usually developed around four
recognized areas of personnel needs:
an introduction to the job (orientation),
training in manual and behavioral
skiIls (skiIl training), development of
leadership and management abilities
(staff development), and continued in-
vestigation of the real potential of the
job (continued education). These gen-
eral areas are acknowledged and ac-
cepted by most inservice educators and
general programs are developed to
meet these needs.
Within these broad areas, staff also
have specific learning needs that can-
not be met through general programs.
Therefore, specific projects must be
pl
nned when specific learning needs
anse.
How does an in service educator be-
come aware of specific learning needs?
Most often, when needs are not sat-
isfied, a sign or symptom indicates
that a problem exists. By finding out
what causes the problem, an inservice
educator discovers specific learning
needs. One of the best means available
for this type of investigation is the
problem-solving method.
Signs and symptoms
Recently, the director of the depart-
ment of anesthesia caIled into the in-
service education department to point
out that children were not receiving
effective inhalation therapy, and that
equipment was not being properly
utilized or cleaned on the wards. This
AUGUST 1967
A problem-solving
approach
Poor quality care or discord and discontent among ward personnel are often
only signs and symptoms of less obvious problems. Inservice personnel must
diagnose and treat the underlying causes if a healthy, happy ward is desired.
Elaine Hykawy
was a sign indicating that something
was wrong.
The in service division faced the task
of trying to find out what the prob-
lem really was and how it could be
solved. The approach to this problem
might be called "in service diagnosis
and treatment."
Causative factors were searched for
in true medical fashion. A "history"
was obtained from head nurses by ask-
ing the foIlowing questions:
. How are tents and inhalations or-
dered by the doctors?
. What equipment is used and how
is it cared for?
. What solutions and drugs are most
used in nebulizers?
. How does the nurse administer med-
ications by inhalation?
. How does a child react to a tent or
inhalations?
. How do parents react to the child's
treatment?
. What role does the nurse assume in
parent teaching?
. Are there any problems in areas not
mentioned?
The "physical examination" con-
sisted of a series of observations on
the operation of Croupettes* and hi
h
humidity nebulizers on various wards.
Nurses were observed as they adminis-
tered medication by inhalation mask.
Miss Hykawy is inservice nurse at The
Montreal Children's Hospital.
* Air Shield's oxygen canopy with nebulizer.
One "laboratory test" was perform-
ed. The object of the test was to de-
termine how much medication was re-
quired in a nebulizer to produce a ther-
apeutic mist for a specified length of
time. To determine this, the inservice
nurse administered medication by in-
halation to four different patients on
different wards, measuring amounts
and timing procedures accurately.
Tentative diagnosis
The above investigation revealed
five causative factors.
The fir5t was incomplete ordering
by doctors. This occurred mest fre-
quently when ordering medications to
be administered by inhalation mask.
Most often only the medication, its
concentration, and frequency of ad-
ministration were ordered. The amount
of solution, and length of time of treat-
ment were not specified. Nurses on
most wards used two or three cc. of
medication for a 20-minute treatment,
unless otherwi<;e orùered. The "Iabor-
atorv test" had indicated that I cc.
of solution produced a therapeutic
mist for five minutes. An order for a
tent read: "Place child in Croupette."
It did not say whether oxygen or com-
pressed air should be used, whether
ice should be added, or what type of
solution should go into the humidify-
ing unit. Also, many nurses believed
children were being kept in tents for
a longer period of time than was really
necessary (children suffering from as-
thma, in particular).
THE CANADIAN NURSE 35
Before the inservice program, children
did not see the value of the treatment
and would sometimes remove the mask
to talk with a friend.
The second and third causative fac-
tors were incorrect administration of
medication by inhalation, and inade-
quate supervision of children during
treatment. When babies were given
medication by inhalation they were
sometimes left lying down and treat-
ment was often interrupted when the
nurse went to answer the telephone,
or to assist a doctor . Toddlers were
given masks to hold and we.re often
left alone for periods during the treat-
ment. Since the odor of the medication
was rather unpleasant, the toddlers
would often tip the mask up at the
bottom; this alIowed them to breathe
in "better-smelling" air because a good
part of the medication escaped into
the room. When older children were
not supervised they would often not
sit up straight throughout the treat-
ment, and they would sometimes re-
move the mask to talk with a friend,
thereby administering the aerosol to
the bed covers.
Inadequate assembly, maintenance,
and cleaning of equipment was the
fourth causative factor. New staff
members usualIy had had little ex-
perience working with compressors and
high humidity nebulizers. Only a little
instruction had been given during
orientation week (the more common
types of apparatus had been discus-
sed). Nurses, themselves, expressed
concern about having to set up equip-
ment in the evening when no inhala-
tion therapy staff were there to assist.
Parents of children with cystic fibrosis
36 THE CANADIAN NURSE
,
,
,-
.
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!
. -
. ""'-
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=-
often pointed out that equipment was
not functioning properly. This embar-
rassed the nurse. Staff knew daily
cleaning was not done because they
often found dirty masks in locker
drawers. High humidity nebulizers
were not always cleaned and boiled
daily - they were often clogged with
dirt particles. Humidity jars on Croup-
ettes were refilIed every few hours,
but were not washed.
The final causative factor was inade-
quate knowledge about the drug iso-
proterenol hydrochloride. Children
were not always observed closely when
this drug was administered. Also, a
somewhat hopeless attitude, on the
part of nurses, toward children with
cystic fibrosis was seen. Some nurses
said, "What is the use of working so
intensively with these children when
they wilI eventualIy die?"
From these factors it seemed that
the underlying problems were:
A misconception about the value of
giving medication by inhalation and in-
adequate knowledge of how to admi-
nister it; and
Inadequate knowledge of how to
assemble, maintain and clean the
equipment, especially the high humid-
ity nebulizer and the inhalation mask.
Consultant services
The causative factors and the under-
lying problems were discussed with
several departmental heads. The di-
rector of the department of metabolism
was consulted about setting up Croup-
o
...,.
.
ettes for children with cystic fibrosis,
and about administering medication by
inhalation. She also was asked about
the approach the department had
toward cystic fibrosis, and how nurses
could support this approach in their
contact with parents and children.
The director of the alIergy depart-
ment was consulted about treating
children with asthma. Again tents and
inhalations were discussed. The direc-
tor believed that, if a child with as-
thma became upset because he did
not want to have an inhalation treat-
ment, it was better that the nurse
not insist on giving the inhalation, but
contact a doctor for further orders.
The director also stated that orders
for tents should be reviewed frequent-
ly, because a child with asthma usualIy
requires a tent for only a short period
of time. The drug, isoproterenol hy-
drochloride, was also discussed. The
director said that when a child with
asthma was admitted from the emer-
gency department, the unit nurse
should find out from the emergency
department whether the child had re-
ceived epinephrine; this should be
done before beginning inhalations on
the unit.
AII findings were discussed with the
directors of the departments of anes-
thesia and respiratory function. Several
important facts came to light in these
talks. A study had proved that it
was unnecessary to open the baffle..
in the Croupette when it was first set
up (this was contrary to what nurses
AUGUST 1967
1
had previously been taught). Tests in
that study had shown that both the
gas concentration and the humidity
concentration (therapeutic particles,
which are small) built up just as quick-
ly when the baffle was left closed as
when it was left open, and the bed
clothes did not become as wet. This
meant that the child would be more
comfortable.
The directors of the departments of
metabolism and respiratory function
agreed to meet to talk about the merits
of tucking in tent canopies - there
was some question about the value of
not tucking in the canopies of tents
being run with compressed air and
glycol.
The chief inhalation therapist was
consulted about equipment. First. there
was a problem with the flow meters
regulating compressed air. The ball
indicating liter flow was dropping from
15 I/min. to 5 I/min. about five or
ten minutes after a tent was set up.
The cause was found - clogged filters
in the flowmeter. The inhalation ther-
apy department replaced these. Sec-
ond, large tents were needed for teen-
agers with cystic fibrosis. When these
teenagers came to hospital, they had to
bring their own tents from home be-
cause only recently have children with
cystic fibrosis survived to this age.
The inhalation therapist reported that
two such large tents were on order
and would soon be delivered.
Treatment plan
The "treatment" prescribed was:
· To improve the doctors' ordering
technique (this responsibility was given
over to the Chief Medical and Surgical
Residents, although nurses were to be
* * A baffle is a disc placed in the inlet
through which humidified gas enters the
Croupette. By alterning the position of the
baffle, the size of particles entering the
Croupette. By altering the position of the
the baffle is in the vertical position (closed),
particles larger than 4 microns are deflect-
ed back into the nebulizing unit, while
smaller particles are permitted to enter the
Croupette.
AUGUST 1967
made aware of how a correct order
should read);
. To show nursing staff the treat-
ment value of inhalation therapy;
. To improve the techniques involv-
ed in administering medication by in-
halation mask; and
. To recognize the importance of
maintaining equipment in good work-
ing order (cleaning, checking function,
and so on).
Inservice program
Only after the diagnosis had been
established and the necessary treat-
ment defined was an educational pro-
gram developed to meet the learning
needs of the staff. This program was
created to present information. to fa-
cilitate learning, and to produce a
change in behavior.
The program was presented seven
times at various hours throughout
three days to reach as many staff
members as possible.
Since the overall aim of the pro-
ject was to improve nursing care in
a particular treatment area, head
nurses attended the program first. In
this introductory program. the direc-
tor of the department of respiratory
function stressed that head nurses are
accountable for all nursing care given
on their units, and that they are res-
ponsible for teaching and supervising
unit staff.
The remaining sessions were open to
all staff members. In these, it was
pointed out that team leaders were
responsible for supervision of the nurs-
ing care given by team members.
The program itself consisted of five
parts. The first was a film. It reviewed
some of the anatomy and physiology
of the normal respiratory tract and
demonstrated the appearance of a ther-
apeutic mist. the effects of different
medications on a diseased respiratory
tract. and the methods used to ad-
minister aerosols. A demonstration in
setting up. using. maintaining, and
cleaning the Croupette, the high hu-
midity nebulizer. and the compressor
followed. The inhalation therapist pre-
sented this aspect of the program.
Signs of faulty operation and better
cleaning methods were stressed.
The second demonstration showed
the proper method of administering
medication by inhalation mask. Doc-
tors' written orders, preparation of
child and equipment, actual adminis-
tration. and aftercare of the child and
the equipment were reviewed. Partic-
ular stress was placed on the supervi-
sion of the child and the position to be
maintained during treatment, as well
as cleaning of the equipment after
treatment.
The fourth item required group par-
ticipation. Nurses went to see a mal-
functioning Croupette and were asked
to discover the errors in assembly and
operation. Through active participa-
tion. learning is not only facilitated.
but also reinforced.
The final part of the program was
a period of general discussion. The
positive approach to the problem of
cystic fibrosis was emphasized. The
nursing role of treatment coordinator
also was discussed at some length; for
example. when a medication was to be
given by inhalation, the nurse received
the treatment order from the doctor.
obtained the solution from pharmacy,
planned what times of day were best
suited for treatment (considering
meals, sleep patterns, visiting hours,
physiotherapy treatment. and so on).
and was responsible for seeing that
prescribed treatment was carried out
exactly.
The inservice educator had prepared
several display sheets. One of these
showed sample doctors' orders for in-
halation treatment:
Croupette with compressed air and ice.
and distilled water in humidity jar.
High humidity nebulizer in Croupette
with compressed air and propylene gly-
col 10%. in saline 3%.
A sample medication order, a
nurses' order sheet (including a plan
for daily cleaning of equipment), and
a cystic fibrosis teaching schedule were
also displayed.
A postural drainage position chart
was available to remind nurses that
they could refer to one of these on
THE CANADIAN NURSE 37
, " ,
-- .
" ... f
-- -
-
-
-
- -
-
any unit when treatment was ordered.
Nurses were encouraged to observe
physiotherapists doing the treatment.
Take-away notes were available to
all program participants. Included in
the notes was information about iso-
proterenol hydrochloride. care of chil-
dren with cystic fibrosis, and care of
children with asthma. These notes
served to reinforce teaching, and could
be used as future reference material.
Followup care
Following the program, new learn-
ing needs were expressed by the staff.
They wanted more information about
the theoretical and practical aspects
of postural drainage and intermittent
positive pressure breathing (lPPB).
This showed that more knowledge in
one field often uncovers a lack of
knowledge in an allied field. Thus,
before in service even evaluated the
effectiveness of one therapeutic plan,
a symptom indicating another unsatis-
fied learning need was demanding
treatment.
Evaluating the effectiveness of treat-
ment of the original problem was a
difficult task. First, one had to find
out if improvement in nursing care had
occurred and, jf it had, whether or
not the educational program was res-
ponsible.
Spot checks were carried out by the
in service educator on equipment oper-
ation and technique of medication ad-
ministration by inhalation. Results in-
dicated that children were more c1ose-
38 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Iy supervised during treatment, cor-
rect technique was used in drug ad-
ministration by inhalation, equipment
was generally in good working order,
masks in locker drawers were clean,
and instructions for carrying out treat-
ment and cleaning of equipment were
written on the nurses' order sheet.
Head nurses on wards that used
inhalation therapy equipment exten-
sively were asked individually whether
they had noted any change in the ad-
ministration of inhalation therapy and
the care of the equipment. All stated
that improvement was evident, es-
pecially in the supervision of children
during treatment, and the daily clean-
ing of equipment.
From the above observation and
discussion, it seemed clear that an im-
provement in nursing care had taken
place. There was also the absence of
any further complaints! Had the pro-
gram caused the improvement? This
was more difficult to ascertain. The
only evidence available was the at-
tendance record. The fact that a large
number of nurses came to the pro-
gram (the greater portion of these
being new staff members) would indi-
cate that the information given during
the program was internalized and
transferred to the work environment,
thus actually causing the improvement
in nursing care.
Supervision is necessary during aerosol
treatm.ent. Company - and a story-
also make treatment time fun.
Conclusion
Our division of inservice education
has found the problem-solving meth-
od to be a most valuable way of
discovering specific learning needs.
Once determined, the specific learn-
ing needs become guides to course
content for in service programs. If the
programs themselves are carefully
planned and well presented, learning
can take place - learning that will
result in a change in behavior and, as
is the aim of in service education, an
improvement in the quality of pa-
tient care. 0
AUGUST 1967
Unit-based
inservice education
Sometimes the problem requiring inservice teaching involves only one ward. Then
the ward must undertake an active program on its own, aided by advice from
inservice personnel. Three nurses describe programs on their units.
OPD and emergency: Lucille Gauthier / Isolation: Mary Sheahan / Psychiatry: Margaret Sutherland
OUTPATIENT AND EMERGENCY
Staff of the outpatient and emer-
gency departments have special needs
that. are being met by a unit-based in-
servIce program.
This large department includes 43
individual clinics through which the
staff of registered nurses and nursing
assistants rotate. There has been a
fairly high turnover of staff in the
unit. Between May 1 st and October
1 st, 1966, there were 18 new registered
nurses on a regular staff of 30.
These new staff members have vary-
ing needs. Some have worked only
with adults, some have never had any
experience in an outpatient or emer-
gency department.
There is also a language problem
to be faced. Although this hospital is
considered to be an English-speaking
i
stitution, it is located in a bilingual
cIty; many of the patients seen are
French speaking.
Orientation
Orientation is carried out in small
groups so that the individual needs
of each nurse can be recognized and
planned for. The length of the orien-
tation program is 12 weeks.
The first task of the program is
to orient the nurse to her new physi-
cal surroundings. One teaching aid
that is used is the "treasure hunt."
A list of all the equipment used within
the department is made; it includes
such things as a stomach pump, tra-
cheotomy trays, cardiac arrest equip-
AUGUST 1967
ment. The new nurse will be responsi-
ble for locating all the items listed.
As she is not involved in giving pa-
tient care during the first week, there
is time for her to explore on her own
and become familiar with her new
surroundings at her own speed.
The new nurse is also given a
"check list." This is a record of all
the pertinent procedures and policies
used within the department. Each item
is initiated after the procedure has
been taught and also after the nurse
has carried out the procedure success-
fully. It is a useful device which serves
as a record of what areas have been
covered and what requires attention.
Both the in service instruction and the
charge nurse of each area utilize it
[0 determine what needs to be taught
or what would be a suitable assign-
ment for the new staff member.
A third tool is the "orientation hand-
book." Specifically, this is a reference
book of techniques. As well. as being
useful during orientation, it is a help-
ful reference for the permanent staff.
Frequent revision keeps the handbook
up-to-date.
Miss Sheahan is head nurse of the isola-
tion unit and Miss Gauthier is group in-
structor for the outpatient department al
The Montreal Children's Hospital. Miss
Sutherland is supervisor of the girl's adoles-
cent unit at the Douglds Hospital, Verdun;
at the lime the :uticle was wrillen she was
psychiatric inservice coordinator at The
Montreal Children's Hospilal.
Evaluation of the staff member's
progress and skills continues through-
out the total period of employment.
At the completion of the 12-week
orientation period, however, a written
evaluation is presented to the new
employee and plans are made for her
future learning.
Staff development
The staff development program aims
to increase quality of patient care by
adding to knowledge previously gain-
ed. This helps staff keep pace with
changing patterns in nursing care and
latest concepts in allied fields.
A speaker talks to the staff each
week. The topic is determined by the
needs of the department or by current
events. For example, a great quantity
of soil was transported to form the
islands needed for Expo 67; a wave
of histoplasmosis resulted. A doctor
was invited to discuss this disease pro-
cess with the staff.
As well as general topics that con-
cern everybody, there are also special
areas which concern only one group
of personnel. One example is a film
and discussion on fractures that was
shown to the group of orderlies re-
sponsible for the "plaster room."
Problem-solving
It is part of the role of the inservice
instructor to detect and help find solu-
tions for problems that occur in the
functioning of the department. The
instructor frequently makes observa-
THE CAr-lADIAN NURSE 39
Orientation is a large part of the
inservice educational program in the
outpatient department.
tion rounds to the various clinics.
These rounds are followed by a dis-
cussion with the personnel involved.
Observations are discussed and prob-
lems dealt with at this time. These
observations also are used in planning
the educational program.
Evaluation
The program in the outpatient and
emergency department has been in pro-
gress for one year. The results to this
time are encouraging. New personnel
appear less confused; for example,
there are fewer errors made in the
management of patients and their rec-
ords. New nursing personnel seem to
be able to undertake their assignments
with confidence and competence in
less time. Also, new staff are less
likely to confuse the procedure for
one clinic with that of another.
The orientation handbook is an
available reference for all staff and
has led to fewer errors. This is par-
ticularly true on evenings and nights
when the more senior nursing staff
are available less.
A definite loyalty to the depart-
ment is shown in a willingness of staff
to remain on duty until a peak period
has been completed. Also, the staff
relieve each other within the depart-
ment when one member is off ill.
Staff morale seems definitely better.
ISOLA nON
Isolation: even the word has an
impact all its own. Parents think of
40 THE CANADIAN NURSE
.........
)
...
.....
:-
dreaded infections and experience real
fear; children see a closed door and
feel lost, abandoned, punished; stu-
dents listen to residence rumors and
pale; new graduates hear of their as-
signment and groan over the loss of
the "open wards"; maids complain
about extra work; doctors misuse the
facilities and fuss about keeping a
technique that only Santa Claus has the
right to break.
In an attempt to deal with these
inherent problems, facilitate supervi-
sion of the nursing care, stimulate in-
terest and maintain motivation among
the nurses, we introduced team nurs-
ing and an ongoing educational pro-
gram.
Team nursing
Although most of the staff had had
some experience with team nursing it
was evident that concepts varied. To
clarify which concept would be used
the supervisor distributed selected
reading material. Discussions followed,
and eventually, after two months of
planning, team nursing was imple-
mented on the unit.
One year later we evaluated the ef-
fectiveness of the program by means
of a questionnaire designed to mea-
sure staff morale and the quality of
patient care. We were delighted with
the overwhelmingly positive response,
and with the caliber of the comments.
Two typical suggestions were:
"I think we could redefine the team
conference and what it should be: a
,
,
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-- "
-0
\.
,
'- \
-
report, or teaching, or both. As things
stand now I am not satisfied with my
own. as it tends to be more of a re-
port with a little teaching."
"Now that team nursing has been
working for a sufficient length of time
we should have an evaluation. We
should redefine the role of team leader,
add to her responsibilities. and discuss
the team approach to isolation."
These comments led us to invite a
member of the division of inservice
education to spend some time on the
ward to observe and assist in initiating
the desired changes.
Unit-based education
Topics suggested for a unit-based
educational program included:
-Diseases and the common treat-
ments and specific nursing care. for
example, meningitis, diarrhea and vom-
iting, communicable diseases.
-Review of isolation technique and
procedures, such as isolette care.
-Review of normal growth and de-
velopment.
-Effects of isolation on child. fam-
ily, and nurse.
Lectures were started and the gen-
eral attitude and feeling appeared to
be favorable. They stimulated an in-
terest in learning and the quality of
care was up-graded because of a bet-
ter understanding of the child and his
disease.
Once again staff were requested to
evaluate the program by completing a
questionnaire. We were pleased to
AUGUST 1967
,
.
,
learn that the topics were of general
interest to everyone, but it was rather
surprising to discover that although
many of the - doctors' lectures had not
been geared to the particular needs
or understanding of nurses, they had
been the most popular. Overall atten-
dance had been good with approxi-
mately half the staff able to attend
50 percent of the lectures.
It was quite impossible to continue
the program during the summer
months, or in the fall when everyone
was fully occupied with orientation of
new personnel. This does not mean
that the learning needs of the staff
were not met to some degree during
these periods - other educational ac-
tivities were available. The regular
presentations by the department of
inservice education were attended
whenever staffing permitted. Psychiatry
conferences were held on a regular
basis with the resident in that spe-
ciality to discuss the effects of isolation
on the child, his nurse, and his family.
The lectures on meningitis and dehy-
dration were repeated.
Canclusion
We believed that by giving a nurse
the added responsibility of team lead-
ership as well as providing her with
an opportunity for growth in her own
knowledge and skills, we could moti-
vate her
toward improved patient care
and increase her job satisfaction.
Job satisfaction in nursing is difficult
to assess accurately, but we found
AUGUST 1967
,
.
"--- .
\
\
.
--
...
--
----...
that one way in which we could mea-
sure this with some degree of accuracy
was to examine the statistics on staff
turnover and look at the reasons why
nurses left the ward.
A total of 34 graduates and nursing
assistants were employed over the 12-
month period when the team nursing
and educational programs were in ef-
fect. There are 14 nurses, or almost
half, still remaining on staff. Of the
20 who left:
. Five resigned to travel;
. Four resigned either to be married
or because of marital reasons;
. Three resigned to go to university;
. Four were tranferred to other
wards on request;
. Three were released from their
positions;
. One was promoted.
It is interesting to note that travel
and marriage appear to be the main
reasons why nurses left the ward, and
encouraging to learn that a relatively
high proportion of the staff resigned
to further their education at the uni-
versity level.
We have never held the opinion that
a request for transfer to another ward
was either an insult to the head nurse
or an indication of inability in the
nurse herself. If a nurse is not happy
on a ward, then she cannot possibly
give her best nursing care.
On the other hand, if the quality of
care being given by a nurse does not
meet the required standards, then she
should, in all fairness to herself and
Informal teaching by a resident in
pediatric care is part of a unit-based
inservice educational program.
in the best interests of the patients,
be released from her obligations.
Upward mobility in the profession
is indeed limited as evidenced by the
fact that only one out of 34 nurses
was promoted. This fact, alone, sub-
stantiates our premise that much more
must be done to help the general duty
nurse maintain a highly motivated,
keen, and enthusiastic approach toward
bedside nursing.
PSYCHIATRY
The primary therapeutic tool of each
staff member in a children's psychia-
tric unit is his own unique personality.
In addition, however, special skills and
understanding are necessary to work
effectively.
The goal of the inservice program
in this area is to help nurses and child
care workers acquire the necessary
skills and understandings and, at the
same time, to promote individual per-
sonal growth.
Orientation
An orientation program was de-
veloped as a first step. Its purpose is
to meet immediate needs of new staff
members and to set the stage for
future learning. Almost without ex-
ception, the new staff member has
had no previous experience with emo-
tionally disturbed children. Our orien-
tation, therefore, has a special signifi-
cance. Not only is it necessary to fam-
iliarize the new person with the phys-
ical layout of the unit and the par-
THE CANADIAN NURSE 41
ticular policies in effect, but also to in-
troduce both normal and pathological
aspects of child development.
To determine the content of the
program, "old" staff were invited to
share the questions and feelings they
had experienced during their first days
on the unit. The questions varied with
each individual, but the feelings had
been remarkably similar. They had felt
afraid, ignored, and angry. Such feel-
ings inhibit an individual's ability to
be therapeutic and also reduce his mo-
tivation to learn.
From the above data, a program
evolved. Feelings were not forgotten.
One senior staff member meets the
new person and keeps in close contact
with him throughout his first days on
the unit. Opportunities are provided
for new staff to observe senior people
working with the children. For ex-
ample, the new member may eat
breakfast with a patient and the nurse
or child care worker. After this exper-
ience, he will be encouraged to talk
about what he saw and heard and how
it made him feel. Discussions are based
on the functions of the nurse/child
care worker, the philosophy of care,
and methods of dealing with the child's
provocative behavior.
The unit is based within a general
pediatric hospital. To give the new
staff member an overview of the whole
institution and his place within it,
the unit orientation interlocks with the
hospital's orientation program.
Ongoing education
Once an orientation program had
been planned and implemented, we
wondered where to go from there.
What were the specific learning needs
of the established staff and how could
they be met?
There are many learning opportun-
ities incorporated into the routine of
the unit. For example, each staff mem-
ber receives weekly or bimonthly in-
dividual supervision by a senior nurse
during the total period of employment.
These periods are vital for the well-
being of the staff member. He is en-
couraged to discuss his frustrations
and successes in dealing with the child-
ren and their problems on the ward.
42 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Because the children are able to
give very little positive response to
the persons caring for them, and be-
cause their progress is often agoniz-
ingly slow, the supervisor must be
able to give a great deal of support
to her staff. The use of interaction
records, in which staff write up an in-
teraction with a selected patient in-
cluding exactly what nurse and patient
said and did, helps both the staff mem-
ber and the supervisor to face real
problems and avoid the danger of
being too superficial.
Other valuable learning opportuni-
ties are found in team conferences
and staff discussions with the psychi-
atrists on the unit.
As stated earlier, most new staff
have had no previous psychiatric ex-
perience. Child care workers have
probably never worked within a hos-
pital before. The scope of learning
needs is great and the teaching in-
cludes normal growth and develop-
ment, how to observe objectively, and
how to participate as a member of a
therapeutic milieu.
Certain problems arise when one
attempts to meet the learning needs
of the staff. First, there is a wide
variation in the preparation of staff
members. This factor results in dif-
ficulty in choosing an appropriate
level of teaching.
A second problem is that staff give
service over a 24-hour period. Staff
rotation thus makes continuity of
teaching difficult. Also, because dis-
turbed children require constant super-
vision, there are only a few staff mem-
bers available at anyone time for
teaching.
Didactic lectures, where communi-
cation is only one way (instructor to
group), do not make an especialIy
effective learning experience on this
unit. It seems necessary to link theory
with practical suggestions for care and
an opportunity for discussion. For ex-
ample, it is not enough to talk only
about the psychodynamics of aggres-
sive children; one must also apply the
theory to practical ideas for nursing
care and allow staff an opportunity to
talk about these ideas.
Several methods have been found to
be helpful in dealing with these prob-
lems in developing our inservice pro-
gram. The first is a staff reading pro-
ject. Once a week a group of staff
meet together and one member wiII
present a summary of an article or
book of his choice. A discussion
period folIows and a recorder makes
notes. Later, these notes are made
available to everyone.
Another method is the all-day work-
shop. This is a meeting of the staff
group away from the work area. One
topic is selected for discussion. In
planning the first workshop, we learn-
ed a valuable lesson. After two staff
psychiatrists had been asked to make
major contributions to the program,
one asked, "Why is it that nurses don't
feel they know enough and alwavs
look for help from another discipline?"
It was a good question and it was
found that the content for the work-
shop could be handled very adequately
by nurses.
If a workshop is repeated three
times it is possible for every staff
member to attend. Because the work-
shop takes place away from the unit.
staff seem more relaxed and better
able to reflect and learn.
Films, folIowed by discussion ses-
sions. are given weekly. Also, tours
to pertinent community resources are
arranged whenever possible.
Evaluation
Feedback on the impact of the en-
tire program or its parts is not easily
obtained. It is difficult to evaluate
feelings or quality of patient care
scientifically. After a workshop on
communication, however, the head
nurse reported that there was a marked
improvement in the charting of obser-
vations.
An inservice program is never con-
stant. To keep up with the problems
and needs of the unit, we believe it
is necessary to have daily contact with
the ward staff. For example, an inser-
vice person attends reports and some
conferences. Inservice personnel must
be responsive to changing needs of the
staff and active in determining meth-
ods to meet those needs. 0
AUGUST 1967
Generally speaking, adolescents are
satisfied to he on pediatric wards and
and have no desire for change within
the existing hospital organization.
Youthful patients do not want to be
with adults, and the feeling is mutual.
Adolescents agree unanimously, how-
ever, that they would prefer some type
of arrangement that would permit
them to be separated from both pe-
diatric and adult services. They would
be happier under such circumstances
and able to draw support from each
other.
Head nurses are inclined to look
upon adolescents as a potential source
of trouble. They find that young peo-
ple become as readily bored with
adult company as with that of young_
er children.
Adolescent needs
The adolescent's desire for privacy
is especially strong. If he is hospitaliz-
ed on an adult ward, he usually finds
this need respected. This is not the
case on the pediatric ward, where
there are many intrusions upon pri-
vacy: glass partitions between cubicles;
blunt questions; and inspection of bed-
side tables as part of the daily house-
keeping routine.
The extent to which the adolescent's
opinions and ambitions are granted
consideration is also important. On the
pediatric service, the nurse may be
more inclined to give orders than to
make suggestions. This problem is
practically non-existent on the adult
AUGUST 1967
Adolescents
hospital
.
In
"Teeny-boppers" need a swinging world complete with coke machines and record
players to ease the drag of hospitalization.
Henriette Lussier-Gauthier
ward. however. since the adolescent
is treated as an adult.
A well-known characteristic of the
12 to 15-year-old is his tendency to
fluctuate between dependent and in-
dependent behavior. Pediatric care ful-
fills his need for security but, during
his periods of independence, denies
him sufficient freedom, even that of
being responsible for his own actions.
Adult services not only accept, but ex-
ploit independent behavior. The ado-
lescent is trusted to carry out certain
responsibilities, indeed is depended
upon to do so. However, if he relapses
into dependency, he is usually reject-
ed for his childishness.
To the onlooker, the adolescent of-
ten appears lazy and disinterested.
Hospital staff may not recognize this
behavior as the adolescent's reaction
to the rapid physiological changes oc-
curing in his body. In many instances,
the hospital environment provides lit-
tie to counteract this passivity and
thus, indirectly, becomes an accom-
plice to it.
An extremist by nature, the adoles-
cent demands that justice, as he under-
stands it, be carried out. He rebels
against complying with the same rules
Mme Gauthier-Lussier, a graduate of L'in-
stitut Marguerite d'Youville, Montreal. is
Director of Nursing Education at the Hô-
pital du Sacré-Coeur School of Nursing.
Hull, Quebec. This article is based on a
research project carried out at Institut Mar-
guerite d'Y ouville in 1966.
that apply to "babies" on the pedia-
tric service, but appreciates the distrib-
utive justice that underlies the rules
and regulations on the adult wards.
Finally, the adolescent is character-
istically gregarious. Neither the pe-
diatric service nor any other in our
present set-up satisfies his need for
companionship. Since 12 to 15-year-
olds are not particularly prone to ill-
nesses requiring hospitalization, we
tend to scatter them through the var-
ious hospital services, thus giving
them little opportunity for group con-
tact.
Objectives of an adolescent service
Obviously, the present pattern of
hospital organization has certain draw-
backs in the facilities offered to ado_
lescent patients. A form of organiza-
tion is needed to relieve the present
situation and provide for future medi-
cal, social, and administrative de-
mands.
The solution best suited to nursing
staff and adolescents alike would be
to establish a well-equipped adoles-
cent ward and to staff it with com-
petent, energetic personnel. The psy-
chological trauma of hospitalization
with those of another age group would
be avoided; the enforced stay in hos-
pital would be less burdensome, since
the youngster would be able to adjust
more easily; and treatment would be
more efficient and recovery corres-
pondingly rapid.
An adolescent service should be
THE CANADIAN NURSE 43
designed to meet the physical and psy-
chosocial needs of the adolescent.
Moreover, it should be a center for
specialized pediatric care, where per-
sonnel are concerned with health edu-
cation. preventive medicine, and the
psychological development of the ado-
lescent.
In this setting the focus of all atten-
tion and professional care is on the
adolescent who happens to be ill and
not the illness that happens to affect
the adolescent.
Personnel
The chief of the pediatric service
should be jointly responsible with the
attending staff of doctors and pedia-
tricians on the adolescent service for
medical therapy. The service should
be administered by a medical commit-
tee that has both the responsibility
and authority for ensuring good stan-
dards of care. This committee, in co-
operation with the nursing staff, would
define and implement policies related
(0 patient care.
The head nurse of the adolescent
unit would report to the supervisor of
the pediatric unit and to the adminis-
trative board of the hospital. She
would assume responsibility for the
quality of care given. personnel, in-
service education, the carrying out of
doctors' orders. general maintenance
of equipment and the ward as a whole,
and implementation of administrative
directives. Her academic preparation
would include a degree in nursing
science and special study in adolescent
psychology.
The staff should be made up of
energetic. poised, young people who
possess considerable knowledge of
adolescent psychology. Nursing stu-
dents and nursing assistants should
be included in this
group and available
for all tours of duty.
Specialists, such as play therapists,
psychologists. and teachers should be
employed on a part-time basis to im-
plement a pre-arranged program.
Staffing affects the adolescent pa-
tient's security; personnel of all cate-
gories should be assigned to this ser-
vice on a long-term basis.
Supervision and instruction of ward
staff is essential to the well-being and
development of the adolescent patient.
Nursing students are taught mainly by
their clinical instructor and act under
the guidance of their ward advisor.
Brief, regular meetings for the whole
staff are necessary to ensure accuracy
and uniformity of knowledge.
Or
anization of the unit
The adolescent unit should be sep-
drated from other pediatric services.
Jdcally. the following facilities should
44 THE CANADIAN NURSE
be provided: a visitors' waiting room;
a treatment room; a dressing room;
a dining room and an adjoining kit-
chenette; a "living" area. featuring a
games room. solarium, canteen. record
player and records; a head nurse's
office; an office reserved for special-
ists; a utility and linen room; a nur-
ses' station; and private and two- or
three-bed patient rooms.
Since it is recognized that adoles-
cents are less inclined to contract con-
ditions that require hospitalization. the
number of admissions would be lower
than on the other services and the
bed capacity of the unit would be
governed accordingly.
Youngsters of both sexes, aged 12
to 18 years, would be eligible for ad-
mission. Those at either extreme of
the age limits would be accepted on
the basis of psychological rather than
chronological age.
Special privileges
At the time of admission, each
youngster would be given a folder
containing ward rules and regulations.
the daily schedule, the objectives of
care, and the facilities available on
the ward.
Rules and regulations for the ado-
lescent should be firm yet flexible.
For example, his bedside visitors
would be limited to two persons, but
he could entertain several of his
friends in the lounge during the even_
ing hours.
Ambulatory patients would wear
their own clothing. With the approv-
al of the physician, they would be
permitted, indeed encouraged, to go
out on the hospital grounds at cer-
tain hours.
These same patients could have
their meals together in a room set
aside for this purpose. This would
encourage sociability and help to off-
set loneliness that they might be ex-
periencing. Menus would be chosen
in accordance with the program of
medical care. However, the menu for
any specific diet should include several
choices to allow for individual tastes.
The adolescent would be free to go
to the soda bar whenever he wished.
He would be required to produce an
identity tag but could then choose
whatever he wanted within the limits
of his diet. Milk shakes, sundaes, fresh
fruit juices, sherbet, and egg-noggs are
favorite snacks that satisfy both the
dietary needs and the sweet tooth of
the adolescent.
Supervised activities
The daily schedule should indicate
the following: school hours; chores;
educational games and free time;
health teaching; sex education; recrea-
tional evenings - film club, dancing,
etc. In addition, meal hours, snack
times, rest periods, and bed time
would be noted.
Activities designed to occupy the
adolescent's leisure time must be plan-
ned to a certain degree. These may
include school work, handicrafts, and
a health teaching program.
A part-time teacher could supervise
studies adjusted to the various academ-
ic levels of patients, on a daily or
three times weekly basis. Instruction
would be given to small groups or to
individuals as required.
A program of sex education is an-
other possibility. This might be con-
ducted as a series of informal chats or
as individual conferences. Ideally, a
psychologist should be on the unit
staff so that adolescents could con-
sult him as desired. An alternative to
this would be to have a psychologist
on call as the need arose.
Handicrafts such as ceramic work,
needlework, sculpture, and engraving
should be under the direction of ex-
perts trained in these arts. Adequate
facilities should exist to permit partici-
pation by as many patients as possi-
ble. Some adolescents may have no
interest whatever in these activities. A
room where various games could be
played, either of an entertaining or
constructive nature, should be at their
disposaJ.
Bibliography available on request to The
Canadian Nurse, 50 The Driveway, Otta-
wa 4, Ontario. 0
AUGUST 1967
AUGUST 1967
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 45
Manipulation
nurse-patient
relationship
.
In a
Psychiatric patients - particularly those exhibiting sociopathic and hysterical
behavior - may attempt to manipulate staff. If manipulative techniques are not
recognized, patient progress will be delayed.
Lee Okkenhaug Manipulation in a nurse-patient re-
lationship occurs when the nurse's
behavior is influenced by the patient's
maneuvers to get her to meet his im-
mediate need. Although the express-
ed need is met, the patient's real need
- the need to learn new patterns of
behavior - is ignored. This implies
that in successful manipulation, there
is no learning experience but, rather,
a mutually adaptive relationship.
To avoid being manipulated, the
nurse must be aware of her reactions
to the patient's behavior, and be
prepared to examine her feelings in
terms of this behavior and the patient's
needs. Her understanding of growth
and development and of the patient's
present pattern of interpersonal behav-
ior are her most valuable tools in
evaluating his needs and progress.
The relationship must provide the
patient with consistent and firm ex-
pectations. When the nurse defines
these expectations, she is setting
limits for behavior. The patient will
repeatedly explore and test the extcnt
and consistency of these limits, and
will attempt to re-establish previous
patterns of interpersonal relationships
to obtain needed gratification. His ex-
ploration of more appropriate forms
of behavior should in itself be a mean-
ingful learning experience for him.
Sociopathic personality
Sociopathic patients have a certain
charming exterior, which at first
brings forth a positive response from
46 THE CANADIAN NURSE
staff. At the same time, persons with
sociopathic personalities have a re-
markable facility for noting lack of
confidence, inexperience, and ambiva-
lence in the attitudes of staff. Fre-
quently, they try to take advantage
of this by subtle persuasion or de-
mands on the unsuspecting individual.
When the manipulative behavior final-
ly becomes apparent, it arouses a tre-
mendous amount of anger in those car-
ing for the patient. This anger further
serves to foster guilt feelings, because,
after all, the person is a patient, and is
not entirely aware of his fantasies or
fabrications.
It is evident that the anti-social pa-
tient often is treated with much am-
bivalence. A more positive, more ef-
fective relationship could result if the
nurse examined her own feelings about
this patient, and evaluated
her re-
sponse to him in terms of treatment
goals, however limited they might be.
Essential to any effective relation-
ship with this patient is a firm but
warm attitude, a professional, but not
social relationship. Limits set by the
nurse must be definite, clear, and con-
sistent, and enforced in such a manner
that the interests of the patient are
foremost.
Often, the patient with a socio-
pathic personality wiIl test the limits
set by staff. The only solution to this
is a consistent, identical approach by
everyone dealing with him. A common
maneuver is for him to play one staff
member against another; if he finds
AUGUST 1967
any inconsistency, he is able to make
everyone seem incompetent, even
stupid. Also, he may threaten to use
violence to frighten the nurse, thus
making her feel she cannot effectively
deal with him. Again, she is made to
appear incompetent whether she panics
and leaves the room, or tries to pacify
him by giving in to his demands.
Here is what happened in one sit-
uation when a nurse dealt effectively
with such a threat by setting limits on
the patient's behavior.
Patient: You had better watch out for
me nurse.
Nurse: Oh?
Patient: I feel like hitting someone.
Nurse: You and I can talk about it
when you feel this way.
Thus, this nurse set a limit on the
form of aggression to be used in the
relationship, and did not reassure him,
avoid him, or take an authoritarian
approach, which would have resulted
in the patient using the same pattern
over and over again. Her purpose of
setting this limit was not to control
the patient, but to provide a consis-
tent set of expectations and to provide
guidance toward self-control. When the
nurse is aware that she is providing
consistent expectations for the patient,
she is likely to feel much more secure
and self-confident in her dealings with
him.
Hvsterical behavior
Manipulative behavior as seen in pa-
tients of hysterical nature is not as
diverse in purpose as that of the socio-
pathic individual. For the former, the
basic need or issue is his desire for
love and acceptance by his parent or
parent substitute. However, the meth-
ods utilized by these patients are of a
seductive, masochistic, exhibitionistic,
always immature, nature. Each patient
finds the most successful method to get
attention.
Persons showing hysterical behavior
are generally narcissistic, dependent,
and given to much histrionic behavior.
All these devices have a highly com-
municative intent. Often the method of
communication becomes more impor-
tant to the individual than the actual
meaning of the words he uses. The
hysteric person does not linger on
AUGUST 1967
logic or thought formulation, but
rather on the overall dramatic effect
of what he is saying. Again, it is ne-
cessary for the nurse to examine her
own feelings before attempting to help
this patient.
It is often clear what the patient is
demanding by his dramatic behavior,
whether it be sympathy, forgiveness,
dependence or reproach. In many
instances, it is difficult for staff not to
feel guilty when they ignore his im-
mediate demands. This patient usually
is adept at flattery and can make the
nurse feel that she is a good nurse if
she carries out his demands and, con-
versely, a bad nurse if she does not.
The nurse may be tempted to allow
herself to be put in a mutually adap-
tive relationship to avoid dealing with
the patient, to avoid guilty feelings
herself, and to avoid getting angry. If
she gives in to this temptation, she
reinforces the patient's expectation that
this particular method of obtaining
gratification is effective. He will con-
tinue to use it, and any other approach
used by another member of the staff
will be ineffective.
Patients showing hysterical behavior
often generate a great deal of anger
and hostility from staff as their man-
ipulations are obvious but difficult to
handle. If the patient is treated with
hostility and rejection, he will resort
to another, possibly more serious,
manipulative attempts to obtain grat';-
fication, such as an attempt at suicide.
A c(lmmon manipulative maneuver
is for the patient to try to establish
and maintain a dependent relationship
with the nurse. In one instance, a
patient complained that no number of
staff cared for her. As she said this,
she cried and looked very much like
a helpless child. The nurse became
aware of her own feelings to comfort
and mother the patient, but she also
was aware of the patient's desire for
dependency. She decided how she
should respond to help the patient be-
come more independent. She waited
until the patient became less anxious,
and helped her to see that their rela-
tionship would be a mutual effort in
which the patient could learn by
achieving self-control. Thus, the nurse
set a limit on excessive dependency.
The patient will test behaviors in
the process of learning new ways of
relating. If there is a lack of testing,
the nurse must decide whether she has
been manipulated into a dominance-
submission relationship. In this type
of relationship the patient may do
everything to please the nurse. He then
may become the so-called "good" pa-
tient. This means that learning and
growth are not occurring. The patient
is not gaining self-awareness and inde-
pendence, but is cooperating on a sub-
missive, rather than on an autonomous,
level. In such a case the nurse must
have the patient examine his own be-
havior.
Nurse: Did you say that because you
thought I wanted you to?
Patient: I don't know, perhaps I did.
At this point, the nurse asks the pa-
tient to reveal more of his thoughts
and feelings, thus setting the expec-
tation that the patient should talk
about his feelings to know more about
himself, not merely to please the nurse.
Nurses are frequently viewed as
mother-substitutes by such patients,
and maneuvers such as being helper,
gift-bearer, and flatterer are quite com-
mon. To the extent that the nurse re-
sponds to these patterns with approval,
and to the extent that the pattern con-
tinues, the nurse has been manipulated.
Summary
Manipulation is an interpersonal
process that may take many forms.
The nurse's most valuable insurance
against participation in a mutually
adaptive relationship is her conscious
knowledge of the goals of her response
in relation to the patient's needs. In
setting limits, she must know what
she is limiting. Generally, she is limit-
ing excessive dependency in its varied
forms, and aggression in its destructive
forms. Her purpose is not to control
the patient, but to provide guidance
toward self-control.
Mrs. Okkenhaug is a staff nurse on the
Home Care Service, Psychiatric Unit, The
Montreal General Hospital. This article is
adapted from a speech she presented to the
Psychiatric Nurses' Association of Montreal
in November 1966. 0
THE CANADIAN NURSE 47
Demonstrators abound in 1967, but
placard-carrying protesters are by no
means peculiar to this decade. Just 100
years ago one group was so success-
ful in its protests that it caused one
of Canada's largest smallpox epidemics
- and 3,164 deaths. They were the
anti-vaccinationists.
The whole history of the modern
smallpox vaccine is characterized by
protest. In 1796 Edward Jenner tested
his cowpox vaccine on a "highly reluc-
tant" eight-year-old boy. Two years
later he sent a sample of the vaccine
to a former student, Rev. John Clinch,
M.D., stationed in Trinity, Newfound-
land. Like Jenner, Dr. Clinch expe-
rienced considerable difficulty finding
a "volunteer" to test the vaccine. Even-
tually he managed to apply it to his
nephew, a boy of about J 7 "who sub-
mitted to treatment by no means wil-
lingly," according to a report in The
Telegram of Newfoundland.
To prevent the spread of smallpox,
a Bureau de Vaccins was established
in Quebec in 182 J. A brochure issued
by the Bureau indicates the rather
complicated process of vaccination at
that time. It was recommended that
"a second inoculation be made about
36 to 48 hours before the areola of
the first inoculation commences to
appear, that is to say, the fifth or
sixth day after the matter has been in-
serted. "
1867 - smallpox on rampage
The continuing unpopularity of the
48 THE CANADIAN NURSE
The changing voice
of protest
Since Confederation, Canadians' reactions to the smallpox vaccine have changed
from violent protest to the occasional vocal" ouch."
vaccine is evidenced by the fact that in
1842 smallpox was once again preva-
lent throughout the country. By Can-
ada's Confederation, in J 867, the dis-
ease had reached Sault Ste. Marie. In
an attempt to prevent its spread, the
Ontario Board of Health allocated the
extravagant sum of $90.68.
Between 1875 and 1885 some of
the strongest antagonism to vaccination
developed in French Canada, climax-
ing in the rise of the anti-vaccina-
tionists and ending in one of Quebec's
worst epidemics.
No quiet sit-ins
The anti-vaccinationists did not stage
the quiet sit-ins of today. At the height
of the movement, September 28, 1885,
a howling mob assembled and took
possession of the streets. The protesters
tore down placards from vaccination
stations, assaulted City Hall itself and
after being driven off once by the
police, broke in and wrecked the
health offices, smashing windows and
throwing quantities of disinfectants and
posters into the street.
The tragedy of this protest was that
it stemmed from a mistaken belief that
serious ulcerations (now thought to be
of syphilitic origin) were caused by
the vaccine.
Thousands die
That year an epidemic of smallpox
began in Montreal and swept though
the unprotected population. That win-
ter, 3, J 64 of whom 2,717 were chil-
dren under 10, died in Montreal alone.
It was a tragic lesson. Never since
that time has there been any opposi-
tion to vaccination in the Province of
Quebec. Not one case of smallpox has
been reported in Montreal in the past
36 years.
Although there was opposition to
vaccines among the English-speaking
people of Ontario and the Western
provinces, it never approached the vio-
lent extremes of Quebec's anti-vaccina-
tionists. As a result, these provinces
were spdred the ravages of Quebec's
wide-spread epidemics.
Conscientious objectors
Today there are few conscientious
objectors to vaccination but occasion-
ally there is a flare-up of anti-vaccina-
tion feeling among some religious
groups. In 1921 an epidemic hit Otta-
wa as a result of such feelings. It was
during this epidemic that the National
Department of Health adopted a me-
thod of vaccination that has been used
until recently. This description is given
in a brochure released by the Depart-
ment at that time:
"By this method the skin of the
outer surface of the arm is thoroughly
cleansed with soap and water followed
by swabbing with alcohol. A drop of
vaccine is placed on the cleansed
surface. A needle, held almost paral-
lel with the skin, is then gently pushed
through the drop of vaccine into the
top layer of skin. No blood is drawn
as the true skin is not pierced. At the
AUGUST 1967
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site of the vaccination a pearly pustule
develops. This enlarges until it be-
comes about the size of a ten-cent
piece. It then dries up leaving a scar
little bigger than a five cent piece.
There is a slight headache and a feel-
ing of chilliness, showing the constitu-
tional effect." At the public health
meeting in Montreal in 1925, a com-
mittee appointed to recommend the
best single method of vaccination
adopted this method.
Occasional "ouc h"
Most protests in Canada in 1967
are limited to the occasional vocal
"ouch." The recent development of
"guns" to replace needles may silence
even these last protests.
The principle of the jet injector
was discovered accidentally 15 years
ago by an engineer. While repairing
an engine, he received an injection of
oil when one of the pipes, filIed with
oil under pressure, developed a smalI
hole. Today, intramuscular, subcuta-
neous, and intradermal injections can
be given with jet injectors using the
pressure of a finger, foot or electricity.
The jet injecfor has great advantages,
particularly where large numbers of
people are gathered together. This
method, however, requires a vaccine of
optimum purity that few laboratories
can produce. The new guns are light
and easy to use: the hand model weighs
about one pound, the foot-operated
model about 20 pounds, and the electric
model about 30 to 40 pounds.
AUGUST 1967
Up to 8,000 persons in one day
can be vaccinated using the electric
model, which needs only one steriliza-
tion per day.
Cheerful volunteers
When Dr. John Davis of the epide-
miology branch of the Department of
National Health and Welfare wanted
to test the guns, he didn't have to
chase "a reluctant nephew." In fact,
300 employees at the Department of
National Health and Welfare head-
quarters in Ottawa cheerfulIy volun-
teered themselves as human guinea
pigs.
Canada lucky
The history of the smallpox vaccine
in Canada is realIy a success story.
Other countries have not been so
lucky. According to a recent release
from the World Health Organization,
smallpox continues to be a serious
world health problem; but the hin-
drances today are not anti-vaccina-
tionists, but a lack of financial and
technical support, transport and equip-
ment for the countries concerned. To-
day the major epidemic foci are South-
East Asia, certain parts of South Ame-
rica, and Africa south of the Sahara.
In India superstitions still hinder the
fight against the disease. Many people
refuse to be vaccinated on the ground
that the vaccine is polIuted by animal
matter. In one province, Bihar, 1,000
villagers have died of smalIpox since
January, 1967. 0
Since the 1885 Quebec epidemic,
violent opposition to vaccination has
been rare. But 100 years ago
vaccination was not the painless
process it is today.
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This "willing volunteer" at the
Department of National Health and
Welfare isn't so sure that the new gun
i... painless.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 49
Our "patients" have temperatures of
35 0 C (96 0 F), are capable of lowering
their heartbeat to 20 beats per minute.
and have hemoglobins almost double
the normal human level. They are
amiable harp seal pups who were born
about March I, 1967 in the Gulf of St.
Lawrence and transported by air to
the Department of Zoology. University
of Guelph, at Easter.
The seals are given T.L.C. by the
three of us in the course of our work
as research technicians in the depart-
I
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Seals for patients
Its not all work for the five seal pups who have joined the University of
Guelph's zoological staff. Two registered nurses and registered nursing assistant
are on hand to cater to all their needs.
Elizabeth Johnson, Elizabeth deJong; and Marilyn Foster
.. ] 0 .
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ment. Their care is a pleasurable task
as they are characters with their very
individual personalities.
Mrs. Elizabeth Johnson, who train-
ed at Ramsgate and Margate Hos-
pital, Kent, England and worked as a
registered nursing assistant in Canada,
daily feeds each seal nine or ten sea
herring as well as a vitamin pill. She
is assisted in a program to follow the
hematological development by Mrs.
Elizabeth deJong, a 1963 graduate of
the Mack Training School at St. Cath-
III
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A seal undergoing "intensive care." The electrodes are being used.
to monitor normal heart rates and pattern in this marine mammal.
50 THE CANADIAN NURSE
arine's General Hospital, and Mrs.
Marilyn Foster. a 1962 graduate of the
Calgary General Hospital School of
Nursing. The program is directed by
Professor Keith Ronald, Ph.D., head
of the Department of Zoology.
Blood is drawn from the hind flip-
per of each seal every two weeks. The
hematological analysis includes total
erythrocyte and leucocyte counts, in-
cluding differentials, hemoglobin le-
vels, hematocrit, partial pressures of
oxygen and carbon dioxide, pH, pro-
I.
'-
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Mrs. Marilyn Foster, making a red blood
cell count on a normal seal's blood.
AUGUST 1967
.
.
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r
thrombin times, and plasma protein
electropherograms.
Among other studies being initiated
are electrocardiogram tracings, which
are picked up directly with electrodes
placed on the seal restrained in a V-
trough on a stretcher. Further ECGs
of a swimming seal are picked up on a
radio receiver from a transmitter at-
tached to the electrodes. Graduate stu-
dents in the department are studying
the visual and audio perceptions and
acuities of seals. Of interest are the ul-
trasonic emissions utilized by these
animals, perhaps in communication
with each other.
Other records we keep of the seals
include weight, heart rate, and mea-
surement of length. In addition. a
variety of other tasks in the depart-
ment give us an opportunity to assist
in teaching undergraduate laboratory
studies and in guiding educational
tours. The latter include tours for re-
tarded children, high school students,
and persons interested in biology. We
also are involved in programs to study
the development of the blood of the
Red-winged Blackbird, the physiologi-
cal changes that occur in the hiberna-
ting Columbian Ground Squirrel, and
the separation of subspecies of Cana-
dian Geese through plasma protein
differences.
We all find satisfaction in our new
environment, and believe this research
will someday benefit mankind. Also,
we enjoy the numerous opportunities
ever present for further learning. 0
AUGUST 1967
,
The cause of it all
- a true Easter seal.
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Mrs. Betty Johnson (left), aided by Mrs. Marilyn Foster, attempts to obtain
a blood sample from the hind flipper of a harp seal. If the attempt is not
successful within the first few minutes, the seal cuts off circulation to that
point, leaving a somewhat bloodless area and a frustrated technician.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 51
books
Therapy with Oxygen and Other Gases
by Marie M. Seedor. 172 pages. New
York, Teachers College, Columbia Uni-
versity, 1966.
Reviewed by Miss J. H. Hezekiah, nurs-
ing instructor, The Montreal General
Hospital, Molitreal.
This book presents a thorough, detailed
and informative unit on the uses of oxygen
therapy.
The book is divided into four lessons: a
review of the mechanics of respiration, the
purposes of oxygen therapy, the methods of
oxygen administration. and administration
of other gases. There is a summary and
review questions at the end of each lesson.
Instructors might find this useful as a
supplement to their basic course, and as
an aid to students.
A sound basic knowledge of physiology
and physics would appear to be a prere-
quisite for students using book.
Scientific Principles in Nursing, 5 ed.,
by M. Esther McClain, R.N., M.S., and
Shirley Hawke Gragg, R.N., B.S.N. 436
pages. Saint Louis, Mosby, 1966.
Reviewed by Miss Tina Enns, instructor,
fundamentals of nursing, Misericordia
General Hospital, Winnipel!, Manitoba.
Basically, this book consists of nursing
principles rather than techniques. The
authors have kept in mind both the chang-
ing role of the nurse and the changing
methods and philosophies of teaching.
Two new chapters have been added to
this fifth edition of the original basic
nursing text: a chapter on psychosocial
aspects of hospital care and another on
rehabilitation. Many old illustrations have
been replaced by more recent ones that
show modem equipment. The performance
check lists and life situations at the end
of the chapters have been retained and the
suggested reading list has been reevaluated
and modernized.
Since the text is concerned with prin-
ciples, it would help the student under-
stand the reasons behind the techniques
she performs. The student will realize
that nursing as a profession is dependent
on a body of scientific knowledge related
to the physical and social sciences. The
book stresses the patient as an individual
and points out the need for an individ-
ual plan of care.
The chapter on psychosocial aspects of
hospital care is very helpful and includes
a
ection on the influence of culture on
52 THE CANADIAN NURSE
the patient, his adaptation to hospital.
methods of communication. spiritual needs.
and a description of the more common
religious faiths.
The importdnce of rehabilitation and
continuity of care after discharge from
hospital is discussed as well as community
resources to which the patient can be
referred. The student will realize from
this that nursing is not confined to the
hospital. The "learning situations" at the
end of certain chapters help the student
to recognize the importance of her role
as a health teacher.
Since this book is concerned with the
principles related to basic needs. it would
be helpful for first-year students. However.
beginning students might not be able to
put all these principles into practice without
more concrete guidance; a few of the how's
as well as the why's seem indicated. For
example. more detail might have been
useful in the section on moving patients
- getting them out of bed for the first
time or moving them from bed to wheel-
chai r.
The objective of the authors has been
accomplished and the book is informative
and valuable as an aid in teaching funda-
mentals of nursing.
ANA Clinical Sessions, American
Nurses' Association. 1966. 272 pages.
New York. Appleton-Century-Crofts. Div-
ision of Meredith Publishing Co., 1967.
Rel'iewed by Jean R. Godard, assistant
professor, Medical - Surl!ical Nursing,
School for Graduate Nurses, Molllreal.
This collection of papers from the 1966
Clinical Sessions of the Americdn Nurses'
Association represents an attempt to assist
the nurse to improve the quality of her
nursing care through a wider dissemination
of new and evolving knowledge in the social
sciences. Nursing experiences of many ex-
perts are presented and analyzed. In the
10 sessions and five clinics reported, dis-
cussions concern the behavior of people
under social pressures from their environ-
ment. Barriers to communication, approach-
es to problem patients, preparation of nurs-
ing diagnoses, clinical nursing problems.
community health. and education are topics
that come under consideration.
This book would be a useful adjunct to
the library of those interested in a more
scientific approach to nursing care. It is
illustrative of the increasing complexity of
the knowledge of man and his relationships
that is so vital to the professional nurse
today. The readability of these papers
should also make them useful to the teach-
er of nursing as source material for study
and discussion.
The Nursing Clinics of North America,
volume 2, Number I, edited by Elisabeth
H. Boeker and Jane C. Donahue. 214
pages. A W.B. Saunders publication avail-
able in Canada from McAinsh & Com-
pany, 1967.
Rei'iewed by Miss Doris Martyn, senior
radiotherapy technician, The Princess
Marl!aret Hospital, Toronto, Ollt.
This volume of Nursing Clinics should
prove an asset to any nursing library. It
provides valuable reading material to all
nurses working in the field of radiology,
and the leg1l1 aspects should be of partic-
ular interest to anyone in the present day
nursing profession.
The need for additional knowledge and
skill to cope with new treatment methods
and techniques comes with the increased
use of radiation in our lives today. This
fact is pointed out in the foreword of the
first symposium of this book. entitled '"Ra-
diation Uses and Hazards."
The contributing authors of the ten arti-
cles included have had varied and wide ex-
perience. The nursing responsibilities pecu-
liar to the use of radiation for diagnosis
and therapy. both for hospital nurses and
those working in out-patient departments, is
stressed. The fact that the nurse must keep
pace with the technical advances in these
specialities is pointed out.
A paper entitled "Inservice Education in
Radiation Health" calls attention to the
many and varied responsibilities of all insti-
tutions where ionizing radiation is used.
The fact is stressed that personnel who fully
understand the significance of radiological
health will establish good radiation protec-
tion procedure for themselves and others.
Two articles entitled "Radiation in Per-
spective" and '"Radiation and its Effects on
Man" point out that the role of the nurse,
as an important source of health informa-
tion, becomes increasingly significant as
medicine and industry find more uses for
radioactive isotopes. They also provide the
nurse with the basic facts and proper per-
spective toward radiation, which she needs
in order to answer many of the questions
likely to be asked by laymen in a hospital.
a clinic, office, or home.
The remaining articles cover concisely
and thoroughly the special patient care
AUGUST 1967
books
unique to radiological nursing and the pro-
tective measures that will minimize radia-
tion exposure to herself and others.
'The Legal Basis of Nursing" is the
opening paper in the second symposium en-
titled "The Nurse and the Law." Articles
dealing with such timely subjects as "Mal-
practise - the Nurse as a Defendant."
'The Nurse on the Witness Stand," and
"Law and the Nurse - the Canadian Posi-
tion," bring to the attention of the reader.
the fact that the practicing nurse of today.
daily faces the hazard of a claim for dam-
ages for professional injuries to her pa-
tient. Hence nurses need to become more
familiar with the laws applicable to the
practice of nursing. In short comprehensive
chapters this symposium provides some of
that knowledge.
In the foreword. one of the editors states
that the increasing and broadening respons-
ibilities of the nursing profes
ion have made
it ever more important that nurses under-
stand the legal implications of these new
aspects of their professional duties.
This volume contains. as an added bonus.
a section entitled "Special Features." which
includes a brief biography of an eminent
personality in nursing - Miss Ruth Sleeper.
A Guide For Staffing A Hospital
Nursing Service, by Marguerite Paetz-
nick. R.N., M.A. 93 pages. Geneva.
World Health Organization. 1966.
Re}'iewed by Miss Pamela Affall. Direc-
tor Nursing Service, Ulli}'ersitv of Alberta
Hospital. Edmollloll. Alberta.
The purpose of this book is to present
materi:ll useful in con
idering the staffing
needs of a hospital nursing service. The
author considers the need for collaboration
among nurses. doctors and administrators
to provide a realistic calculation of staffing
patterns. Information for this guide has
been pthered from a variety of countries.
The book begins with a survey of the
changing world of nursing and the increas-
ing respon
ibilities assumed by nursing ser-
vice. It covers the following topics: planning
the improvement of nursing care through
staffing; factors relating to the care of the
hospital patient; hospital administrative
practices relating to nursing; utilization of
nursing personnel; and education. The last
20 pages of the book include organization
charts. assignment sheets. job analysis forms
and nursing care plans.
This book gives an excellent outline of
the variables to be considered in planning
staffing patterns. Types and varieties of
illness. together with the number of patients
requiring care. have received allention. Al-
though there is no bibliography, excellent
special products
for patient care
l
reference material is provided in footnotes
throughout.
This book is too brief to be used as II
student text, but would be invaluable as
a guide for those experienced in nursing
service and seeking guide lines for further
reading.
Health is a Communitv Affair. by the
National Commission' on Community
Health Services. 252 pages. Toronto.
Saunders. 1966.
Redewed by Miss Helell M. Carpelller,
director, School of Nursillg, Ulli1'er.
it\'
of Toronto, Toronto, Olltario.
This text is the product of the NatIOnal
Commission on Community Health Services.
a Commission appointed by the American
Public Health As
ociation and the National
Council of Health to conduct
tudies and
make recommendation
on the development
of health services to meet new and emerg-
ing needs. The Commission. with member
representative of the health profes
ions and
interested citizens. established ta
k force
to study such problems as health manpower.
hospitals. and other health care f:lci!;,;".
the organization and financing of com-
munity health services. and the development
of comprehensive personal and environ-
mental health services.
A number of community self-studies were
undertaken, and a communication project
was developed to facilitate the interchange
MEDICAL CENTER HOSPITAL OF VERMONT*
Mary Fletcher Unit
A.R.D.CI!i
Unique butterfly-shaped anorectal
dressing stays comfortably in
place without tape. Sterole. highly
absorbent, lint 'ree. Supplied
in boxes of 24.
þ
p
JP
, --'--
-
f
1'\
.,
r
.1
l ..
. .,
,. . I
.
.
t.
.
.
,
.
Our patients come in all sizes.
Only your career opportunities
here are uniformly big.
SCOPETTESCI!i FULLERCI!i SHIELD
Proctologic and gynecologIc Protective dressmg holds other
swabs with lops of pure. long fiber dressings in place and prevents
rayon. Free of troublesome lint
and wisps. Uniform cushion-end staming of linens after pilonidal.
safeguards tissues Tips secured proctologic or perineal surgery.
with non-toxic vegetable glue. Adjuslable sizes 24-48.
8" and 16" lengths. Cases of 500. IndIvidually packaged.
..-J For samples write 10:
.. WINLEY-MORRIS N1.
M MONTREAL
I------------------------
I Personnel Offiee, Dept. 408
I Medical Center Hospital of Vermont
: Burlington, Vermont 05401
I Please tell me more about nursing in Vermont.
: Name
I Address
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279S BATES ROAD
.. TrademarkS 01 Fuller Pharmaceullcel Company
AUGUST 1967
CANADA
.CombininQ Ma'T]J Fletcher Hospital a'nd DeGoesbriaT/d Memorial HospItal
THE CANADIAN NURSE 53
NEW FOR HOSPITALS
the
Autolope
It responds
to heat
treatment.
When the contents of the enve-
lope are completely sterilized by
the Autoclave, the indicator ink
changes colour. This unique Gage
Autolope is security folded and
pressure-sensitive gummed to
prevent contamination. It was de-
veloped for Autoclaving with the
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The Autolope is available now in
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54 THE CANADIAN NURSE
books
of ideas and to make possible creative re-
view and discussion of the reports of the
various commissions. Fourteen statements
of conviction were formulated. together
with a series of recommendations that
stem from them. These statements and
recommendations are discussed in some
detail, a chapter being given to each topic
studied.
A number of new concepts are explored.
It is recommended that the boundaries of a
community, for the purpose of the develop-
ment of health services. be established by
the boundaries in which a problem can be
defined. dealt with. and solved. The plan-
ning. organization, and delivery of com-
munity health services by both official and
voluntary agencies should be based on the
concept of a "community of solution."
Emphasis is given to the need to co-
ordinate facilities and services to achieve
effective utilization of resources and man-
power, and to achieve the goal of
comprehensive personal and environmental
health services for all. It is recommended
that every individual have a personal
physician who would be the central point
for integration and continuity of all medical
and medically-related services. All pertinent
health information should be channeled
through him regardless of what institution,
agency, or individual renders the service.
Separatist attitudes on the part of health
services personnel should be given up in
favor of collaboration.
Mention is made in the report of a
proposal from a group of women concern-
ing the organization of physicians' services.
This group expressed the opinion that the
hospital. with its accessibility, availability
of professional talent. and readiness to
serve could become a substitute for the
family doctor and could serve as the
focus for all medical-care services. The
modem urban family of the future may
well look to the hospital as the center for
medical services in the same way they
look to the department store and shopping
plaza for other services.
The Commission recognized that the role
of the nurse is changing and that nurses
in the future will have more responsibility
for coordinating services and for carrying
out special procedures. However. they do
not propose any new or imaginative solu-
tions for improving the education of nurses
or overcoming the shortage of nursing
service.
No recommendations are made concern-
ing methods of "redesigning education so
that individuals of all health disciplines
train together as students." The tradition,1l
three-year training programs offered by
hospital schools of nursing are supported
and it is recommended that nursing educa-
tion programs in junior colleges and univer-
sities be expanded.
The need for planning and policy-
formulation is recognized and it is sug-
gested that the viewpoints and skills of
planners from social work. public health.
health and welfare councils. and hospital
administration be brought together. Courses
should be developed to train personnel to
give leadership to health planning at the
local. state, and national levels.
This is a provocative and interesting
book. It deals primarily with services that
will be needed to achieve the goal of
comprehensive personal and environmental
health care for every citizen. rather than
with the method by which this goal can be
achieved. The book is well-organized;
there are excellent cross-references and a
complete index. The final chapter provides
a summary of the positions and recom-
mendations. A brief history of the National
Commission on Community Health Services
is contained in an appendix that includes
information concerning the method by
which the data were gathered andt he report
prepared.
films
For Senior Students
Two films recently available in the Pzifer
Company Film Library. 50 Place Cremazie.
Montreal II. P.Q.. would be useful in
senior medical-surgical nursing lectures.
Carcinoma of the Stomac:h. a 27-minute.
color. sound film. emphasizes the impor-
tance of early diagnosis. gives the early
signs and symptoms. and shows the spe-
cialized procedures used in clinical diagnosis.
In animated canoon drawings. the areas
that can be removed surgically with today's
modern procedures are described.
Hiatus Hernia highlights the tests and
procedures used by doctors in making a
differential diagnosis of this condition. This
film takes 26 1/2 minutes to run. and is
available in color.
An Extra-Curricular Film
A film describing the special classes for
children from deprived areas. Operation
Headstart portrays the success of one anti-
poverty program in the US. This excellent
motion picture would be useful in extra-
curricular programs for nurses. It was made
in 1965 and i
a 16-minute. black and white
presentation
Arrangements to borrow this film should
be made from local sources :IS the Canadi<Jn
outlet does not provide loan copies.
Emotional Growth in Children
Jamie - The Story of Siblings. a 28-
minute. black and white. sound film. dis-
cusses f.tmily reldtionships and their effect
AUGUST 1967
Next Month
In
The
Canadian
Nurse
. Epistaxis as a
nursing problem
. The handicapped child's
need for approval
. Public health nurses
form T -groups
n
Photo credits
Vello Muikma - cover photo
Photo Lamy, p. 8
Graetz Bros., pp. 8, 27
Novosti Press Agency, p. 11
Ottawa Civic Hospital, p. 17
Adri Govers, pp. 29, 30
Julien LeBourdais, p. 45
The Montreal Children's
Hospital, pp. 33, 36, 38,40,41
Public Archives of Canada, p. 49
University of Guelph, pp. 50, 51
AUGUST 1967
on the emotional growth of young children.
The film would be useful for stimulating
group discussion on emotional needs of
children.
It was produced by the National Film
Board of Canada and is available from
NFB provincial offices or the Canadian
Film Institute, 1762 Carling Ave., Ottawa.
A rental fee will be charged.
accession list
Publications in this list of material re-
ceived recently in the CNA library are
shown in language of source. The majority
(reference material, archive material, and
theses, indicated by R, excepted) may be
borrowed by CNA members, and by libra-
ries of hospitals and other institutions. Re-
quests for loans should be made on the
"Request Form for Accession List" (page
57) and should be addressed to: The Li-
brary, Canadian Nurses' Association, 50
The Driveway, Ottawa 4. Ontario.
BOOKS AND DOCUMEN1S
I. Anatomie et physiologie par Denise
Leger-Boucher. Ottawa, Renouveau Pedago-
gique, 1966. 259p.
2. Anatomie humaine. descriptive. topo-
graphique et fonctionnelle par H. Rouviere.
lO.ed revisée et augmentée par A. Delmas.
Paris. Masson, 1967. 3v.
3. Com'emion information manual. Mon-
treal, Canadian National Hotels, 1967. I v
(loose leaO R.
4. Feminine psychology by Karen Hor-
ney. Edited and with an introduction by
Harold Kelman. New York, Norton. c1967.
269p.
5. Fundamemals of pariem care a com-
prehensive approach to nursing by Barbara
Blackwood Kozier and Beverly Witter Du-
Gas. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1967, 386p.
6. Health is a community affair. Cam-
bridge Mass., Harvard UnIversity Press, for
National Commission on Community Health
Services, 1966. 252p.
7. Health services research by Donald
Mainland. New York, Millbank Memorial
Fund. 1965-1966. 270p.
8. A lamp is heavy by Sheila MacKay
Russell. Philadelphia, Lippincott. ] 950.
255p.
9. Materia medica for nurses by John E.
Groff. 2d ed. rev. and rewritten. Philadel-
phia. Blakiston's, 1903, c1902. I 69p. R
10. Medical terminology; a programmed
text by Genevieve Love Smith and Phyllis
E. Davis. 2d ed. New York, Wiley, 1967.
289p.
II. Mosby's comprehensive review of
nursing. 6th ed. St. Louis, Mosby, 1967.
645 p.
12. The new childbirth by Erna Wright.
New York, Hart, c]966. 25]p.
] 3. The nurses' complete medical dic-
tionary. compiled by M. Theresa Bry.ln.
Toronto, Macmillan, 19]2. ]96p. R
14. Nursing: a practical treatise giVing
the fullest directions for the care of the
sick in all the simple as well as the more
serious ailments by S. Virginia Levis, Phila-
delphia, Penn Publishing Co., 1901. 214p. R
15. Patient studies in medical-surgical
nursing by Jane Secor. Philadelphia, Lip-
pincott, [967. 401 p.
16. Physiologie humaine; cellulaire et or-
ganique par H. Laborit. Paris, Masson.
1961. 585p.
17. Resources for teaching: people, Ideas,
materials. and values. Report of a Confe-
rence. Oct. 14-15, 1966. New York, National
League for Nursing, 1967. 58p.
18. Resume de puericulture et de pedia-
trie par Nicole Tremblay. Ottawa, Renou-
veau Pedagogique, 1966. 240p.
19. Selected provisions from state nllrse.ç
associations employmefll standards. as of
January 1966. New York, American Nurses'
Association, Research and Statistics Unit,
1966. Iv.
20. State approved schools of nllrsing
L.P.N./L. V.N. meetinf? minimum require-
mems set by law and board rules in the
various jurisdictions. 1967. New York, Na-
tional League for Nursing, Research and
Studies Service, ] 967. 72p.
21. Teaching the new social studies in
secondary schools an inducth'e approach by
f
.
fI,
I
Principles
and procedures
of YOUR
operating room
responsibilities
,
'I
fi
/
',
New 4th Edition!
Alexander-Burley-Ellison- Valleri
CARE OF THE PATIENT
IN SURGERY
Including Techniques
. A "classic" among nursing texts
. Completely revised and expanded
. New chapters on ophthalmic sur-
gery and surgery on the ear
. 555 illustrations
MONEY-BACK GUARANTEE
The C. V. Mo.by Company, Ltd.
86 Northline Road
Toronto 16. Ontario
Please send me a copy of Alexander et ai,
CARE OF THE PATIENT IN SURGERY, 4th
edition, priced at about $15.7.5 on 30-day
approval.
o Bill me
o Payment enclosed. (Same
return privilege.)
RN
Addres <
City
Provinc ..
Zon -
CN 867
THE CANADIAN NURSE 55
accession list
Edwin Fenton. New York. Holt. Rinehart
and Winston. c1966. 526p.
22. Therapy with oXYl?en and other I?ases.
A programmed unit in fundamentals of
nursing by Marie M. Seedor. New York.
Teacher's College Press. Columbia Univer-
sity. 1966. 172p.
PAMPHLETS
23. New dIrectIOns, new dimensions, new
decisions for hospital nursinl! sen'ice. Panel
presentation first meeting. Chicago. Oct. 31.
1966. New York. NallOnJI League for
Nursing. Dept. of Hospital Nursing. Coun-
cil of Member Agencies. 1967. 24p.
24. Planning for tomorrow's hospitals by
Jack C. Haldeman. New York. Hospital
Review and Planning Council of Southern
New York. Inc.. 1967? 7p.
25. Planning the hospital library. New
York. United Hospital Fund of New York.
Committee on Hospital Library Architec-
ture. 1957. 12p.
26. Professional Photographers of Cana-
da. Directory 1967. Toronto. 1967. 30p.
27. Stafemelll on behalf of the nursinl?
staff employed by Sullimn County Public
Health Nursing Ser\"ice. Albany. N.Y.. New
York State Nurses Associations. Oct. 1966.
6p.
28. Submission to the Special Commillee
011 Drug Costs of the House of Commons.
October 1966. Montreal. Smith Kline and
French. 1966. 48p.
29. Unionism in British Columbia. Van-
couver. B.C. Federation of Labour. 1967.
16p.
GOVERNMENT DoCUMENTS
Canada
30. Dept. of National Health and Wel-
fare. Office cOlISolidation of the foud and
drugs act and of the foud and drug re1?U-
larÌ<Jlls Ottawa. Queen'
Printer. 1954-1967.
Iy.
3 I. Dept of National Health .l11d Wel-
fare. Emergency Health Services. Bibliogra-
phv relating to di.m.fter nursing. Ottawa.
1965. 30p.
32. Dept. of National Health and Wel-
fare. Emergency Health Services. Disa.fter
medical care, collected paper.f. Ottawa. 1965.
131p.
33. Dept. of the Secretary of State. Hand-
book of trGl'el and excilanRe programmes.
Ottawa. 1967. 151p.
34. Ministère du travail. Rapport anlluel
J 966. Ottawa. Imprimeur de la reine. 1966.
I3lp.
35. Ministère du Travail. Direction de
I'Economique et des Recherches. Repertoire
de lames el expressions utilisés en rela-
tions induslrielles et dans des domailles con-
nexes. Ottawa. Imprimeur de la reine. 1967.
206p. R
United States
36. Bureau of Naval Personnel Navy
Training Course. Standard first aid course.
Rev. Washington. U.S. Govt. Print. Off..
1965. 112p.
37. Dept. of Health. Education and Wel-
fare. Public Health Service. The public
health .fen'ice to-day. Washington. U.S.
Govt. Print. Off., 1965. 4p.
38. Public Health Service. Division of
Nursing Resources. How to study super-
,'i.fOr acti,'ities in a ho.fpital nursing ser-
rice: a manual prepared by Elinor Stanford
and other members the staff of the Division
of Nursing Resources. Washington. U.S.
Govt. Print. Off.. 1957. 47p.
STUDIES DEPOSITED IN CNA
RFPOSITORY COLLFCTlON
39. The association between maternal and
infant morbidity and mortalitv and the ex-
tent of prenatal care by Catherine W. Keith.
New York. 1966. Design of a study pre-
pared to meet requirement of course in
Epidemiology at Columbia University.
School of Public Health. 24p. R
40. A comparison of the effects of two
methods of nursinl! care assignments on pa-
MY VERY OWN
STETHOSCOPE?
.
TOO MANY SQUARE MEALS?
Turns get rid of acid
indigestion fast!
-....
".
- but of course!
ASSISTOSCOPE* was
designed with the
nurse in mind.
ASSISTOSCOPE* gives
you the acoustical
o perfection of the
most expensive
stethoscopes.
ASSISTOSCOPE::C is available with black or
hospital-white tubing and ear pieces with the slim.fit
sonic head which slips easily under blood pressure cuffs
or clothing.
Good eOfing ond drinking is something
we all like. But indigestion is the course
that finishes the meal for too many
of us. When thof hoppens, toke Tums.
They're pleasantly mint flovoured, need
no woter ond get to work fast on heart-
burn, gos ond stomach upsets. And Try Turns for the tummy!
long-Iosfi ng Tums Ore really ef-
I
Ne; . ..,
wm. " "
fheir own wei g ht in excess
s.tomoch ocid. Turns cost very IZ n n IM1 te..
lIttle, SO try them soon. \YI UVU
56 THE CANADIAN NURSE
tCheck with your Director
of Nursing or P.A. today
on how you can buy
ASSISTOSCOPE at
special group prices.
Order fromt
vi WlNLEY-MORRIS COMPANY LID
A& IUIIIIICU INITIIUMENTI DIVIIION
.. MONTllEAL 21 QUEUC
.TRADE MARK
AUGUST 1967
accession list
tient welfare by K. Marion Smith. Montreal
1963. Thesis (M.Sc.Applied) - McGill.
39p. R
41. Educational costs of nursing educa-
tion in relation to income from students in
a selected Canadian hospital school of nur-
sing by Sister Thérèse Haché. Washington,
1965 Thesis (M.Sc.N.) - Catholic Univer-
sity. 68p. R
42. Factors affecting job satisfaction as
perceived by ge1U!ral staff nurses in selected
hospitals in Ontario by Sister Patricia Marie
McKeon. London, Ont., 1965. Thesis (M.
Sc.N) - Western Ontario. 174p. R
43. The identification of concerns of pre-
operative parients as they are communicated
to a nurse giving direct care by Alice Jean
Baumgart. Montreal, 1964. Thesis (M.Sc.
Applied) - McGill, 97p. R
44. L'infirmière et la resocialisation du
malade mental par Ie travail. Travail de re-
cherche . .. comme complément au cours
qui conduit au Baccalaureat es Sciences In-
firmières par Marthe Gagnon et al. Mont-
réal 1967. Travail de Recherche présenté à
l'Institut Marguerite d'Youville. 77p. R
45. Leadership behavior of clinical teach-
ers in diploma schools of nursing by Kath-
leen Grace DeMarsh. London, 1967. Thesis
(M.Sc.N.) - Western Ontario. 188p. R
46. Report on the study of the pediatric
nursing unit of St. Paul's Hospital by the
School of Nursing St. Paul's Hospital with
the help of Nursing Service. Saskatoon,
Sask., 1964. Iv. (various paging) R
47. Some implications of the introduction
of two units of progressÜ'e patielll care and
a team nursing system in a general hos-
pital by Mary Elizabeth Molloy. London,
1963. Thesis (M.Sc.N) - Western Ontario.
I 57p. R
48. A study of current head nurse prac-
tice and a suggested programme of inser-
vice education for effective unit administra-
tion by Juliana Carmen T. Mitra. London,
1962. Thesis (M.Sc.N.) - Western Ontario
102p. R.
49. A study of the opinions of field work
in the final year of baccalaureate program
in nursing as expres.fed by a selected group
of graduates of one university by Charlotte
Graham Crowe. Montreal, 1963. Thesis
(M.Sc.AppIied) - McGill 57p. R
50. A study of organizational influences
on nurses' perception of patient needs in
different types of organizations by Dorothy
Butler. Montreal. 1965. Thesis (M.Sc.Ap-
plied) - McGill. 32p. R
51. A study of the relationship between
long stay patients and equilibrium in the pa-
tient social system by Mary Oliphant Ab-
bott. Montreal, 1965. Thesis (M.Sc.Applied)
- McGill University, 86p. R
52. A study to determine graduate nurse
perception of limitations in general staff
nurse preparation to perform a number of
differentiated nursing activities by Sylvia
Holmes. Montreal. 1964. Thesis (M.Sc.Ap-
plied) - McGill. 75p. R
53. A study to determine the opinions
and activities of a I?roup of senior students
on night dutv in relation to new procedure.f,
interpersonal relationships, decision-maJ..i/fg,
and responsibility by Jean R. Godard.
Montreal. 1963. Thesis (M.Sc.Applied) -
McGill. 59p. R
54. A study to determine the opinions of
directors of nursing education in Engli.fh
language hospital schools of nursing across
Canada, on questions concerning /fursinl?
education based on selected recommenda-
tions included in the Canadian Nurses' As-
sociation submission to the Royal Commis-
sion on Health Services. by M.A. Beswethe-
rick, Montreal, 1964. Thesis (M.Sc.Applied)
- McGill, 98p. R
55. A study to determine what a group of
hospital staff nurses identlfy as post-hospital
health problems for their patients by Hazel
Lillian Salmon. Montreal. 1964. Thesis (M.
Sc.Applied) - McGill. 1 v. various paging.
R
56. A study to exami/fe the relationship
between patterns of atte/fdance at a psy-
chiatric after care clinic and patient
welfare by Pearl E. Bierbrier. Montreal.
1965. Thesis (M.Sc.Applied) McGill. 55p. R
Request Form for "Accession List"
CANADIAN NURSES' ASSOCIATION LIBRARY
Send this coupon or facsimile to:
LIBRARIAN, Canadian Nurses' Association, 50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario.
Please lend me the following publications, listed in the .............................................................. issue of The
Canadian Nurse, or add my name to the waiting list to receive them when available:
Item Author Short title (for identification)
No.
Requests for loans will be fjlled in order of receipt.
Reference and restricted material must be used in the CNA library.
Borrowe r .................................... ......... ............. .... ........................ ...................... Regi strati on No. ................................
Position
Address .............................................................................. ................................................................................................
Date of req uest .................... ....................................... ........ ...................... ............................. ............................ .........
AUGUST 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 57
I
I
classified advertisements
ALBERTA
ALBERTA
DIRECTOR OF NURSING required immediately for
19-bed active treatment hospital with plans for ex-
pansion in immediate future. Residence accommoda-
tion available MSI and Blue Cro.. in effect. Salary
commensurate' with experience. Apply to: Administro-
tor, Manning Municipal Hospital, Manning, Alberta.
1-59-1
Wonted Immediately - Director of Nu..... Modern
26-bed hospital close to Edmonton. 3 buses doily.
Salary $500.00 to $550.00 per month commensurate
with experience. Residence available ot $40.00 per
month. Apply: Administrator, Moyerthorpe General
Hospital, Mayerthorpe, Alberto. 1-61-1 A
DIRECTOR OF NURStNG required for 52-bed General
Hospital situated 125 miles east of Edmonton. Town
situated next to Provincial Park. Suite available in
residence. Salary open. Apply to: Administrator,
Vermilion Municipal Hospital, Vermilion, Alberto.
1-90-2
R.gilt.r.d Nurles required for a 51-bed active
treatment hospital, situated in east centrol Alberto.
Salary range from $400 to $460 commensurate with
experience. Full maintenance in new nurses' resid-
ence for $40 per month, sick leave and pension
benefits avai:able, 4O-haur work week, 21 day. plus
srotutory holodays after the first year, and 28 days
plus statutory holidays after five years. For further
information kindly contact: W.N. Saranchuk Admin-
istrator, Elk Point, Municipal Hospital, E(k Point,
A Iberra. I -3A-1
Graduate Nurs.. for G.nerat Duty. Basic salary
$380, annual increments. Policies os recommended
by AARN. Apply to: Administrator, Providence Hos-
pitol, High Prairie, Alberto. 1.45-1
ADVERTISING
RATES
FOR ALL
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING
$10.00 for 6 lines or less
$2.00 for each additional line
Rates for display
advertisements on request
Closing date for copy and cancellation IS
6 weeks prior to 1st day of publication
month.
The Canadian Nurses' Association has
not yet reviewed the personnel policies
of the hospitals and agencies advertising
in the Journal. For authentic information,
prospective applicants should apply to
the Registered Nurses' Association of the
Province in which they are interested
on working
Address correspondence to:
The
Canadian
Nurse
50 THE DRIVEWAY
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO.
58 THE CANADIAN NURSE
I I
ALBERTA
REGISTERED NURSES (3) required immediately for
19-bed active treatment hospital with plans for
expansion in immediate future. Two doctors. Res.
idence available. MSI and Blue Cross in effect.
Salary $380-$450/mo. Apply to: Director of Nursing,
Manning Municipal Hospital, Manning, Alberta.
1-59.2
Registered Nurses for 5A.bed active treotment hospital
in town af .4,000 population ad;ocent to army camp.
Solary - $380-$450 per month. Accommodation
available, modern nurses' residence. For further
information write to: Director of Nursing, Wainw-
righl General Hospital, Wainwright, Alberto. 1-94-2
NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active 30-bed hospital,
recently constructed building. Town on main line of
the C.P.R. and on Number 1 highway, midway
between the cities of Calgary and Medicine Hot.
Nurses on stoff must be willing and able to toke re-
sponsibility in oU deportment, of nursing, with the
exception of the Operating Room. Recently renovated
nurses' residence with all single rooms situated on
hospital grounds. Apply to: Mrs. M. Hislop, Adminis-
trator and Director of Nursing, Bassano General Hos-
pital, Bassano. Alberta_ 1-5-1
General Duty Nurses for active, accredited, well-
equipped 64.bed hospital in growing town, population
3,500. Salaries range from $380-$440 commensurote
with experience, other benefits. Nurses residence.
Excellent personnel policies and working conditions.
New modern wing opened this year. Good commu-
n ications to large nearby cities. Apply Director of
Nursing, Brooks General Haspilal, Brooks, Alberta_
1-13-IB
GENERAL DUTY NURSES - Solary range - $4,320
to $5,460 per annum, 40 hour week. Modern living-
in facilities available at moderate rates, if desired.
Civil Service holiday, sick leave and pension bene-
fits_ Starting salary commensurate with training
and experience. Apply to: Superintendent of Nurses,
Baker Memorial Sanatorium, Box 72, Calgary,
Alberto. 1.14.3 A
GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 94-bed General Hos-
pital localed in Alberto's unique Badlands. $380-
$440 per month, approved AARN and AHA per-
sonnel policies. Apply to: Mi.. M. Hawkes, Director
of Nursing, Drumheller General Hospilal, Drumhel.
ler, Alberto. 1-31.2A
G.n.ral Duty Nu.... for 64-bed aclive treatment
hospital, 35 miles south of Calgary. Solary rang.
$3BO . $450. living accommodation available in s.p.
arate residence if desired. Full maintenance in
residence $45.00 per month. Excellent Personnel
Policies and working conditions. Please apply to:
The Director of Nursing, High River General Hos-
pital, High River, Alberto. I-A6-IA
G.neral Duty Nu..es for new 50.bed active General
Hospital situated midway between Calgary and
Edmonton on main highway_ Solary range $380 10
$450 with recognition given for experience. Full
maintenance available in nurses' residence for $45
per month. Positions available for both summer
relief and permanent employment. For further in-
formation please write to: Mrs. E. Harvie, R.N.,
Lacomb. General Hospilal, Lacombe, Alberto.
1-54-IA
GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Modern 26-bed hospilal
clos. to Edmonton. 3 buses doily. Salary $380 to
$450 per month commensurate with experience.
Residence available at $40.00 per month. Excellenl
personnel policies. Apply: Director of Nursing.
Mayerthorpe Municipal Hospital, Mayerthorpe, AI-
berla. 1.61.1
G.neral Duty Nurses (2): mod.rn 30-bed hospital, 25
miles from Edmonton. Salary $380.$450 per month.
Commensurate with experience. Good personnel
policies. Apply Director of Nursing, Slony Plain
Municipal Hospital, Stony Plain, Alberto.
GENERAL DUTY NURSES required for 52-bed General
Hospilal. Salary $380-$450 post experience recog-
nized. 5hift differential for afternoons and nigh,..
Accommodation available in nurses' residence. Ap-
ply to: Acting Director of Nursing, Vermilion Muni-
cipal. Hospital Vermilion, Alberto. 1.9O-2A
I I
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE I'. required by the City of
Calgary, Heolth Deportment. Solary range $4,505-
$5,455, 1966 rates. (presently under negotiation).
Excellent benefits and working conditions. including
t month paid vocation. This progressive City located
in the foolhills of the Canadian Rockies offers yeor
round recreation facilities
Applicants possessing a
B of Sc. in Nursing or a Registered Nurse with a
diploma in Public Heolth Nursing, are invited to
submit a complete resume indicating dote available
and salary expected to Personnel Coordinator, City
Hall, Calgary, Alberto. 1-14-12
BRITISH COLUMBIA
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR OF NURSING (PSYCHIATRIC
UNIT) HEALTH SCIENCES CENTRE HOSPITAL, UNI.
VERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. To administer psy.
chiatric nursing services for the psychiatric unit of
the Health Sciences Centre Hospital. This position
has university affiliation and offers a unique op-
portunity to ossist in the developmenl of leaching,
research and service programs in psychiatry and
relaled professional fields. The psychiatric unit to
be completed in 1968 will provide 60 in-palient beds
and on oul-patient deparlment including day and
night core facilities. It is on integral port of the
410-bed hospital complex (to be completed in
1972). QUALIFICATIONS: A moster's degree in nurs-
ing with administrative experience, proven leader-
ship ability and competence in the nursing field.
Further information concerning this position will be
forwarded to interested persons on receipt of a
letter of application. Forward confidential written
application giving full details of education, ex-
perience and salary expected 10: W.L. Clark, Per.
sonnel Office, Univ&rsity of Brilish Columbia, Van.
couver 8, British Columbia. 2-73-22
Operating Room Supervisor: Applications are invited
for the above position. Qualifications required
Registered Nurse with a post groduate course in
O.R. Management or the equivalent in experience.
RNABC personnel policies in effect. Apply in writing
to Direeror of Nursing, Chilliwack General Hospifal,
Chilliwack, B.C.
ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL, VICTORIA, B.C.: Invites
B.C. Registered Nurses (or those eligible) to apply
for these positions: SUPERVISOR for a 42-bed Psychia.
tric Unit. HEAD NURSE for modern Post-Operative
Recovery Room. GENERAL STAFF for Psychiatric Unit.
Apply indicating preparation and experience to:
Director of Nursing, Victoria, British Columbia.
2.76-4A
Operating Room H.ad Nurs. ($464 - $552), G.n.ral
Duty Nurses (B.C. Regiltered $405 - $481, non-Regis-
lered $390) for fully accredited 113-bed hospital in
N.W_ B.C. Excellent fishing, skiing, skating, curling
and bowling. Hot springs swimming nearby. Nurses'
residence, room $20 per month. Cafeteria meals.
Apply: Director of Nursing, Kitimat General Hospital,
Kitimat, Brilish Columbia. 2-36.1
Registered Nu..e with prov.n O_R. ."perlen...
or
% time service in O.R., % time to establish In
service training programs, for smoll peripheral hos
pitals. For information: Apply: Director of NUfS.í,:,g,
Fraser Canyon Hospital, R.R. No. I, Hope, BrotlSh
Columbia. 2.30-1 A
B.C. R.N. for G.n.ral Duty in 32 bed General Hospi.
tal. RNABC 1967 salary rate $390. $466 and fringe
benefits, modern, comfortable, nurses' residence in
attractive community close to Vancouver, B.C. For
application form write: Director of Nursing, Fraser
Canyon Hospital, R.R. I, Hope, B.C. 2-30-1
R.gistered or non-registered G.neral Duty Nu....
and Nursing As.istants (3 required imm.diately)
for new 3J-bed, active treatment hospital. located
in the South Cariboo. Personnel policies in ac
cordance with RNABC. Nurses' residence available.
Apply in writing 10: Director of Nursing, 100 Mile
District General Hospital, 100 Mile House, British
Columbia. 2.50.2
General Duty Nurs.. for aerive 30-bed hospital.
RNABC policies and schedules in effect, also North.
ern allowance. Accommodations available in res-
idence. Apply: Director of Nursing, Gen.ral Hospital,
Fort Nelson, British Columbia. 2.23-1
AUGUST 1%7
ì
J
o
.
-
".
I
,
---
'- ---
Someone Special
The New York City Nurse
The New York City Nurse is someone
special. . . not only to Mayor John Lindsay but to
8 million people.
She can choose from 21 general and special
hospitals when selecting her job-no other city can
make this offer. She can specialize, diversify,
learn, and advance; and she can give high quality
nursing care to those who need it most.
And then there's New York City-something
special in itself. It's a great place to work and live.
Come and see for yourself. Mayor Lindsay and
8 million people couldn't be wrong.
To be someone special, just send for our nursing
brochure today. or call collect (212) 566-2990
Professional Recruiting Unit
Room 620. Dept. CN-to
DEPARTMENT OF HOSPITALS
125 Worth Street, New York, N.Y. 10013
Please send me your brochure about nursing in
New York City.
NAME
ADDRESS
CITY STATE
An Equal Opportunity Employer
BRITISH COLUMBIA
GENERAL DUTY NURSES (Twa) for active 66-bed
hospital, with new hospital to open in 1968.
Active in-service programme. Salary range $390 to
$466 per month. Personnel pol iCles according to
current RNASC contract. Hospital situated in beauti.
ful East Kootenay! of British Columbia, with swim-
ming, golfing and skiing facilities readily available.
Apply to: The Director of Nursing, St. Eugene Hos-
pital, Cranbrook, British Columbia. 2-15-1
General Duty Nurse. for modern 85.bed hospital.
Salary $390.00 to $
66.00. Recognition for experi-
ence. Industry - gas, oil and agriculture. Situated
60 miles from Peace River Dam Project. Apply:
Director of Nursing, Providence Hospital, Fort St.
John, B.C. 2-2
- I
General Duty Nurse. for new 30-bed ho.pital
located in excellent recreational area. Salary and
personnel pol icies in accordance with RNABe. Com-
lortoble Nurses' home. Apply: Director of Nursing,
Boundary Ho.pital. Grand Forks, Briti.h Columbia.
2-27-2
GENERAL DUTY NURSES - for 109-bed hospital in
expanding Northwestern British Columbia City. Salary
$
05 to $
81 for B.e. Registered Nurses with recogni.
lion for experience. RNABC contract in effecl. Gradu.
ole Nurses not registered in 8.C. paid $390. Benefils
include comprehensive medical and pension plans.
Travel allowance up 10 $60 refunded after one
year's service. Comfortable modern residence accom-
modation at $15 per month, meals at cost. Apply to:
Director of Nursing. Prince Rupert General Hospital,
551-51h Avenue Easl, Prince Rupert, a.e. 2.58-2A
General Duty Nune. for well-equipped 63-bed gen.
eral hospital in beautiful inland Volley adjacent
Lake Kathlyn and Hudson Boy Glacier. Boaling,
fishing, swimming, golfing, curling, skating, skiing.
Salary $390 - $405. Maintenance $60.00, 40 hour -
5 day week, Vacalion with pay - Comfortable, at-
tractive nurses' residence. Apply to: Director of
Nursing, Bulkley Volley District Hospilal, P.O. Box
370, Smifhers, B.C. 2-67-1
General Duty Nurse for 54-bed active hospital in
norlhwestern 8.e. Salaries: a.e. Registered $
05, B.e.
Non-Registered, $390, RNABC personnel policies
in effect. Planned rotation. New residence, room and
board: $55/m. T.V. and good social activities.
Write: Director of Nursing, Box J297, Terrace, British
Columbia. 2-70-2
General Duty and Operating Roam Nurse. for 70 bed
Acute General Hospilal on Pacific Coast. B.e. Regis-
tered $390 - $466 per monlh (Credit for experience).
Non 8.e. Registered $375 - Practical Nurses B.e. li-
censed $273 - $311 per month. Non Regislered $253-
$286 per month. Boord $20 per monlh, room $5.00 per
month_ 20 paid holidays per year and 10 slatutory
holidays after t year. Fore paid from Vancouver.
Superannuation and medical plans. Apply: Director of
Nursing, St. George'. Hospital, Alert Boy, British
Columbia. 2.2- I A
General Duty, O.R. and experienced Ob.tetrical
Nurse. for modern, 150-bed haspilal located in the
beautiful Fraser Volley. Personnel policies in ac-
cordance wilh RNABe. Appl r. to: Director of Nursing,
Chilliwack General Hospita, Chilliwack, 8ritish Co-
lumbia. 2-13-1
Generat Duty, Operating Room and Experienced
Obstetrical Nurse. for
3
-bed hospilal wilh .chool
of nursing. Salary: $372-$
44. Credit for post ex-
perience and postgraduate ,raining. 4O-"'r. wk. Stat.
utory holidays. Annual increments; cumulative lick
leave; pension pion; 28-daYI annual vacation; B.C.
registration required. Apply: Director of Nursing,
Royal Columbian Ho.pital, New We.tminster, Briti.h
Columbia. 2-73-13
General Duty and Operafing Room Nurse. tor
modern
50-bed hospital with School of Nursing.
RNABC policie. in effect. Credit for post experience
and postgraduate training. British Columbia registra-
tion required. For particulars write to: ,he Director of
Nursing Service, St. Joseph's Hospitol, Victoria, Bri.
tish Columbia. 2-76-5
GRADUATE NURSES for 2
-bed ho.pilal, 35-mi. from
Vancouver, on coast. salary and personnel prac.
tices in accord with RNABC. Accommodation availa.
ble. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital,
Squamilh, British Columbia. 2-68. I
GRADUATE NURSES: For permanent stoff or holiday
relief. In active 164-bed acute General Hospital
with full accreditation, located in the Columbia
River Volley in southea.tern British Columbia. Un-
60 THE CANADIAN NURSE
I I
BRITISH COLUMBIA
limited social and sports activities including golf,
tennis, swimming, skiing and curling. AO hour week:
Starting salary after regislration $390 rising to $
66.
Four weeks annual vacation, 10 statutory holidays,
I 'I. days sick leave per month cumulative to 120
days. Employer-employee participalion in medical
coverage and superannuation. Residence accommoda.
tion. For further information apply to: Director of
Nursing, Trail-Tadanac Hospital, Trail, British Co-
lumbia.
Graduate Nune. for busy 21 -bed hospital, prefer-
ably with ob,'e'rical experience. Friendly at-
mosphere, beautiful beaches, local curling club.
Own room and board $
O month Salary $390 for
Gen. Duty Registered Nurses; Salary $375 for non-
Registered Nurse, plus recognition for post graduate
experience. Apply: Matron, T ofino General Hos.
pital, Tofino, Vancouver Island, British Columbia.
2.71.1
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES: B.C. Civil Service. Salary:
$
76-$580 per monlh, cor provided. Interesfing and
challenging professional service with opportunities for
lransfer throughout beautiful B.C. Apply to: B.e.
Civil Service Commission, 544 Michigan Street,
VICTORIA, B.e.
COMPETITION Na. 67:57. 2-76-7
MANITOBA
Regi.tered Nurse: Required for 50-bed general hospilal
in Fort Churchill, Manitoba. Starting salary $500 per
month. Return fare from Winnipeg refunded after one
year's service. For particulars write to: Director of
Nursing, General Hospilal, Fort Churchill, Manitoba.
3.75-1
Registered Nurse for 18-bed hospital at Vito, Manitoba,
70 miles from Winnipeg. Doily bus service. Salary
range $390 - $
75, with allowance for experience.
40 hour week, 10 statutory holidays,
weeks paid
vacation after one year. Full maintenance available
for $50 per month. Apply: Malron, Vila District
Hospital, Vito, Manitoba. 3-68-1
Regi.tered Nurse and Licen.ed Practical Nune requir-
ed for 10.bed hospital, 65 miles from Winnipeg,
in the Whiteshell resort area. Salary range R.N.
$405-$
80; L.P.N. $275.$310. Consideration given for
past experience. Resident accommodation. For further
information address enquiries to: Mrs. J. Everson,
Matron, Whitemouth District Hospital, Whitemouth,
Manitoba. 3-70.2
Regi.tered Nurses and licen.ed Practical Nurse.
required for 21-bed hospital at Rossburn, Maniloba.
Salary: R.N:s-$395-$
80, L.P.N:s-$275-$315. Good
personnel policies. For further information contact
(Mrs.) A. M. Sti", D.O.N., Rossburn Medical Nurs-
ing Unit, Rossburn, Manitoba. 3-
9-t
REGISTERED NURSES fa. Gene.al Duty in 20.bed
Hospital. Salary range $
05 to $
9O per monlh. Liv.
ing accommodations available. Generous Personnel
Policies. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Reston Com-
munity Hospital, Reslon, Manitoba. 3.
6-2 A
NOVA SCOTIA
Case Room Supervi.ar wonted for I I I-bed Mater-
nily Hospital. Apply: Director of Nursing, Groce
Maternity Ho.pital, Halifax, Novo Scotia. 6-17-3
REGISTERED NURSES for 53-bed medium and long-
term active treatment hospital in a progressive city.
Particulars on request. Apply to: Director of Nursing,
Halifax Civic Hospital, 5938 University Avenue, Hali-
fox, Novo SCalia. 6-17-10 A
Regi.tered Nurse. for 21 -bed hospilal in pleasant
communily - Eastern Shore of Novo Scotia. Apply:
Superin'tendent, Eastern Shore Memorial Hospital,
Sheet Harbour, Novo Scotia. 6-32-t
Registered and G.aduate Nu.... fa. General Duty.
New hospital with all modern conveniences. also,
new nurses. residence available. South Shore Com-
munity. Apply to: Superintendant, Queens General
Hospital, Liverpool, Novo Scotia. 6-20- I
GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Positions available for
Regi.tered Qualified General Duty Nurse. for 138.
I I
NOVA SCOTIA
bed active treatment hospital. Residence accom-
modation available. Applications and enquiries will
be received by:: Director of Nursing, Blanchard-Fraser
Memorial Hospital, Kenlville, Novo Scotia. 6-19-1
ONTARIO
Regi.tered Nune and Technician required for O.R.
Deportment of 81.bed hospital. Apply: Director of
Nursing, Alexandra Marine and General Hospital,
Goderich, Ontario. 7-51.1
Regi.tered Nune. fQr 3
.bed hospital, min. salary
$415 with regular annual increments to maximum
of $
95. 3.wk. vocation with pay; sick leave after
6-mo. service. All Stoff - 5 day
O.hr. wk., 9
.tatutary holidays, pension plan and other benefil',
Apply to: Superintendenf, Englehart & Di.trict HOI-
pital, Englehart, Ontario. 7-40-1
REGISTERED NURSES (IMMEDIATELY) for a new 40-
bed hospital. Nurses' residence - private rooms with
both - $20 per monlh. Minimum salary $
15 plus
experience allowance, A semi-annual increments.
Reply to: The Director of Nursing, Geraldton District
Hospital, Geraldton, Ontario. 7-50.1 A
REGISTERED NURSES required for lDO-bed hospital in
Ihe Model Town of the North. All usual fringe
benefits available and a limited amount of living-in
accommodation. Salary range for general duty nurses
$
15 - $
85 depending on qualifications and ex.
perience. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Sen.enbren.
ner Hospital, Kapuskasing, Ontario. 7-62.1
Regist.red Nurses. Applications and enquiries or.
invited for general duly positions on the .taff of the
Manilouwadge General Hospital. Excellent .alary
and fringe benefits. Liberal policies regarding ac-
commodation and vacation. Modern well-equipped
33-bed hospilal in new mining town, about 250.mi.
east of Port Arthur and north-west of White River,
Ontario. Pop. 3,500. Nurses' residence comprises indi-
vidual self-conlained opts. Apply, .taling qualifica.
tions, experience, age. marital status, phone number,
etc. to the Administrator, General Hospital, Mani-
touwadge, Onlario. Phone 826-3251 7-74-1 A
REGISTERED NURSES required immediately for 53-
bed hospilal. Minimum salary $
15. Three weeks
vacation, pension, life and medical insurance, 8
statutory holidays,
O hour week. Air, roil and rood
communication. Northern hospitality. Apply to: Direc.
tor of Nurses, Porcupine General Hospital, South
Porcupine, Onto 7.123-1
Experienced Regi.tered Nurse: 8-bed Company Hos.
pital and community health service at Norman
Wells, Northwest Territories. Starting salary up to
$
50.00. Excellent accommodation and meal. provid-
ed. Transportation to Norman Wells and return after
twelve months' service. For full particulars apply:
Medical Direcfor, Imperial Oil Limited, I t I St. Clair
Avenue West, Toronto 7, Ontario.
Regi.tered Nurse. for 18-bed (expanding to 36-bed)
General Hospital in Mining and Resort town of 5,
people. Beautifully located on Wawa Lake, I
O mIles
norlh of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Wide variety of
summer and winter sports including swimming, boat-
ing, fishing, golfing. skating, curling ond bowling.
Six churches of differenl faiths. Salaries comparable
wilh all northern hospitals. Limited bed and board
available at reasonable rate. Excellent personnel
policies, pleasant working .conditions. HEAD NURSE
with some formal preparation and/or adequate ex.
perience. Apply to: Director of Nursing, The La
y
Dunn General Hospital, Box 179, Wawa, Ontatlo.
7-1
0-IB
Regist.red Nurses and Register.d Nuning Aisistants
for lOO-bed General Hospital, situated in Northern
Ontario. Salary range $
15 - $
55 per month, RNA's
$273 _ $317 per month, shift differential, annu
1
increments,
O hour week, OHSC and P.S.I. plans In
effect. Accommodation available in residence if
desired. For full particulars apply to: The Director
of Nurse., Lady Minto Hospital, Cochrane, Ontario.
7.30.1 B
Regi.tered Nurse. and Registered Nursing As.istanh
for t60-bed accredited hospital. Slarring salary $
15
and $285 respectively wilh regular annual incre-
ments for both. Excellent personnel policies. Resid.
ence accommodation available. Apply to: Director of
Nursing, Kirkland & Di.trict Hospital, Kirkland Lake,
Ontario. 7-öl.1
AUGUST 1967
ST. JOSEPH'S
SCHOOL
OF NURSING
TORONTO
requires
TEACHERS
For their 2 year programme
which will commence in Septem-
ber 1967.
Qualifications: University prepa-
ration required.
Salary commensurate with pre-
paration and experience.
Apply immediately to:
The Director
ST. JOSEPH'S SCHOOL OF NURSING
50 Sunnyside Avenue
Toronto 3, Ontario
OPERATING ROOM
SUPERVISOR
Required for a 270-bed General
Hospital with construction of a
new hospital due for completion
in 1967, increasing the bed ca-
pacity to 450. Included in the
new hospital will be the most
modern operating room complex
based on the Friesen Concept of
material and equipment supply.
Excellent fringe benefits with
generous sick leave, four weeks
vacation and contributory pen-
sion plan.
For further information write:
Director of Nursing Service
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL
Belleville, Ontario
AUGUST 1967
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NURSES:
Are you looking for the ideal place
to practice your profession 1
THE CLEVELAND CLINIC HOSPITAL
may be your answer!
The Cleveland Clinic Hospital offers excellent
continuing education and orientation programs
in the newest nursing specialties. Unusual
fringe benefits include tuition-free university
classes immediately, time-and-one-half for
overtime. And low-cost apartment living is
available adjacent to the Cleveland Clinic
Hospital.
STAFF NURSE POSITIONS:
Medical-surgical; medical intensive care;
surgical intensive care; operating room;
psychiatry; pediatrics; cardiovascular;
artificial organs.
If you're interested in a team that's interested
in you, clip and send this little coupon. And, if
you'd like to tell us more about yourself, you
might enclose a note. In any case. we'd love
to hear from you.
p--------------------------
. THE CLEVELAND CLINIC HOSPITAL ·
. 2050 East 93rd Street, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 .
. .
. 0 Please send information on nursing at The Cleveland Clinic Hospital .
. 0 Please send an application form .
. Name ·
· Address ·
. .
. City State Zip Code .
--------------------------
THE CANADIAN NURSE 61
ONTARIO
Regi.t.red Nurs.. and Registered Nur.ing A..i.tants
(immediately} for 32-bed ho.pital in noMhwestern
Ontario. Please apply to: Director of Nursing, Ati.
kokan General Hospital, Atikokan, Ontario. 7.5.1
Registered Nurses and Regist.red Nursing Assistants
are invited to make application to our 7S-bed,
modern General Hospital. You will be in the Vaca-
tionland of the North, midway between the Lakehead
and Winnipeg, Manitoba. Basic wage for Registered
Nurses i. $408 and for Registered Nursing Assistants
is $285 with yearly increments and consideration for
e)Cperience. Write or phone: The Director of Nursing,
Dryden Di.trict General Ho.pital, DRYDEN, Ontario.
7-26-1 A
Regist.red Nurses and Registered Nurlin9_ Alsistants.
Starling Salary for R.N. is $415 and for R.N.A. is $300.
Allowance for experience. Excellent fringe benefits.
Write: Mrs G. Gordon, Superintendent. Nipigon Dis-
trict Memorial Hospital, Box 37, Nipigon, Ontario.
7.B7.1
Registered Nurse and Regist.red Nursing ASlistan"
in modern 100-bed hospital, situated 40 miles from
Ottawa. Excellent personnel pol icies. Residence
accommodotion availoble. Apply to: Director of
Nursing, Smiths Falls Public Hospital, Smiths Falls,
Ontario. 7-120-2A
Registered or Groduat. Nurses, required for modern
92-bed hospital. Residence accommodation $20 month-
ly. Overseas nurses welcome. Lovely old Scali ish
Town near Ottawa. Apply: Director of Nursing, The
Great War Memorial Hospital, Perth, Ontario. 7-100-2
Gen.rol Stoff Nurse. and Regi.ter.d Nursing A..i..
tants are required for a modern, well-equipped General
Hospital currenlly expanding to 167 beds. Situated in
a progressive community in South Western Ontario, 30
miles from Windsor-Detroit Border. Salary scaled to
experience and qualifications. Excellent employee
benefits and working conditions plus an opportunity
fa work in a Patient Centered Nursing Service. Write
for further information to: Miss Patricia McGee, B.
Sc.N., Reg.N. Director of Nursing, Leamington District
Memoria' Hospital, Leamington, Ontario. 7-69-1 A
Registered Nu.... for G.n.ral Duty in well.equipped
28-bed hospital, located in growing gold mining
and tourist area, north of Kenora, Ontario. Modern
residence with individual rooms; room, board and
uniform laundry only $50/m, 40-hr. wk., no split shift,
cumulative sick time, 8 statutory holidays and 28
day paid vocation after one year. Starting salary
$430. Apply to: Matron, Margaret Cochenour Memo.
rial Hospital, Cochenour, Ontario. 7-29-1
Regi.tered G.neral Duty Nurse. required for 81.bed
hospital. Salary rang. $400.$445 per month accord-
ing to experience and qualifications. Residence ac-
commodation available. Attractive new hospital, good
working conditions. Apply: Director of Nursing,
Alexandra Morin. and General Hospital, Goderich,
Ontario. 7.51-1 A
REGISTERED NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active
accredited well equipped 28-bed hospital. 30 miles
from Ottowa. Residence accommodation. Good per-
sonnel policies. Apply to: Administratrix, Kemptville
District Hospital, Kemplvil/e, Ontario. 7-63-1
R.gi.tered Nurse. for General Duty in tOO.bed hos.
pital, located 30-mi. from Ollawa, are urgently reo
quired. Good personnel policies, accommodation
available in new .taff residence. Apply: Director of
Nursing, District Memorial Hospital, Winchester, On-
torio. 7-144.1
Regist.red Nurse. for Gen.rat Staff and Operating
Room. Accredited 235.bed, modern, General Hospital.
Good personnel policies. Beginning .alary $400 per
month, recognition for experience, annual bonus plan.
Planned in-service programs. Assistance with trans-
portation. Apply: Director of Nursing, Sudbury Me-
morial Hospital, Regent Street, S., Sudbury, Ontario.
7.127-4 A
G.n.ral Duty Nurse. for 66-bed General Hospital.
Starting salary: $405/m. Excellent personnel policies.
Pension plan, life insurance, etc., residence accom-
modation. Only 10 min. from downtown 8uffalo.
Apply: Director of Nursing, Douglas Memorial Ho..
pilal, Fort Erie, Ontario. 7-45-1
General Duty Nurses, Certifi.d Nursing A..i.tants &
Op.rating Room T.chnician (1) for new 50-bed ho.-
pital with modern equipment, 40-hr. wk., 8 statutory
holidays, excellent personnel policies & opportunity
for advancement. Tourist town on Georgian Boy.
Good bUI connections to Toronto. Apply to: Director
of Nurse., General Ho.pital, Meaford, Ontario. 7-79.t
62 THE CANADIAN NlJRSE
I I
ONTARIO
G.n.ral Duty Nurs.. for 100-bed modern hospital.
So\...thwestern Ontario, 32 mi. from London. Solary
commensurate with experience and ability; $398/m
bosic salary. Pension plan. Apply giving full par-
tlculors to: The Director of Nurses, District Memorial
Ho.pitol, Tillsonburg, Ontario. 7-131-1
OPERATING ROOM NURSES (2) for a fully aC-
credited 70-bed General Hospital. For Operating
Room Duty. Solary according to experience. Apply to:
O.R. Supervisor, Penetanguishene General Hospital,
Pen...tanguishene, Ontario. 7-99.2
Operating Room Nurses, General Duty Nurses, and
Regiltered Nursing Assistants required immediately
for employment in on Accredited 100-bed Active
Treatment Hospital in Picton, Ontario. Most attractive
salary range and fringe benefits. Please apply stat-
ing age, ond experience to the Director of Nursing,
Prince Edward County Memorial Hospital, Picton,
Ontario.
Qualified Public Health Nunes required for expand-
ing generalized program in leading resort area.
Attractive salary ranges, fringe benefits, and travel
allowance. For full details please contact: W. H.
Bennell, M.D., D.P.H., Medical Officer of Health,
Muskoka and District Health Unit, Box 1019, 8roce-
bridge, Ontario. 7-15-2
Public Health Nune. - General program, salary
range $5,030 to $6, I 48 plus cost of living bonus,
presently 3%. Starting salary related to experience.
Generous car allowance, cumulative sick leave
month vocation. Employer shored O.M.E.R.S. and
Canada Pension Plan, medical and hospital insurance.
Apply to: Dr. E.G. Brown, M.O.H., Kent County
Health Unit, Chatham, Ontario. 7-24-4
Public Health Nurse. (qualified). Salary $5,100-
$6,350. Cor allowance, employer-shored OMERS
Pension Plan, Hospital, Surgical and Medical Plans,
Group Life Plan, sick leave credits, .4 weeks' voca-
tion and other benefits. Apply to: Mr. A.F. Stewart,
Secretory-Treasurer, Wentworth County Health Unit,
Court House, Hamilton, Ontario. 7-55-1.4
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES for scenic urban and rural
health unit, close to the Capitol City in the Upper
Ollawa Volley Tourist Area. Good summer and
winter recreational facilities. Personnel policies pre-
sently under review. Direct enquiries to: Dr. R.V.
Peters, Director, Renfrew County Health Unit, 169
William Street, Pembroke, Ontario. 7.9B-2 A
Public Health Nurses for generalized programme in
a County-City Health Unit. Salary schedule $5,400
to $6,600 per annum. 20 days vocation. Employer
shared pension plan, P.S.I. and hospitalization.
Mileage allowance or unit cars. Apply to: Miss
Veronica O'Leary, Supervisor of Public Health Nurs-
ing, Peterbarough County-City Health Unit, P.O.
80x 246, Peterborough, Ontario. 7.101-4A
Public Health Nurs. (qualified), for generalized
program. Salary range $5,200 - $6,400 according
to experience. Salaries negotiated annually. Person-
nel policies on request. Apply in writing to Miss
Beafrice Walley, Supervisor of Public Heelth Nursing,
Waterloo County Health Unit, 109 Argyle Street S.,
Preston, Ontario.
Public Health Nurs.. for Health Unit in NoMhern
Ontario. Generalized Program. Good salary and
personnel policies. Apply: Supervisor of Nurses,
Porcupin. Health Unit, Timmins, Ontario. 7-132-2
QUEBEC
Regi.tered Nurse. for 30.bed General Hospital. Hun-
tingdon is a small manufacturing town 50 miles
from centre of Montreal. There are excellent social
and recreational facilities. Salaries as approved by
CHIS. Annual vocation 4 weeks, accumulated sick
leave. Blue Cross paid. Bonus for permanent night
shift. Full maintenance available for $43.50 per
month. Apply:: Mrs. D. Howley, R.N., Huntingdon
County Hospital, Huntington, Quebec. 9-29-1
OPERATING ROOM STAFF NURSES: (applications are
invited). In a modern 350-bed hospital. Salarie.
commensurate with experience and postgraduate
education. Cumulative sick leave, 28 days annual
vacation, retirement plan and other liberal fringe
benefits. Apply: Director of Nursing Service, St.
Mary'. Ho.pital, 3830 Lacombe Avenue, Montreal
2
Que
. .
4
39A
I I
SASKATCHEWAN
Director of Nu.... required for 18.bed hospital with
a medical staff of two. Living in accommodotion
suite in modern residence. Sick leave, pension plan,
personnel policies and other fringe benefi
s
Pro-
gressive town between Regina and Saskatoon
with all transportation services. Salory open to
negotiotion. Enquiries should include experience,
qualifications and salory expected and address to:
The Administrator, Dovidson Union Hospital, Box
460 Davidson, Saskotche'fan. 10-23.)
MATRON and GRADUATE NURSES required for B-bed
hospital in Southern Sask. Salary range - Matron
$429 - $544; Graduate Nurse $374 - $474. Qualifica-
tions and experience considered. Three weeks va-
cation plus statutory hol idays and 40 hour week.
Personnel policies on request. Apply to: Mrs. D.L.
Knops, Sec.-Treas., Rockglen Union Hospital, Rock.
glen, Saskatchewan. 10-110-1
R.gistered Nurs.. and C.rtifi.d Nursing A..i.tants
for 750-bed hospital, close to downtown. Building
and expansion program in progress. SRNA recom-
mended salaries in effect. Experience recognized.
Progressive personnel policies. Apply: Nursing Re-
cruitement Officer, Regina General Hospital, Regino,
Saskatchewan.
G.neral Duty Nunes urgently needed for 41-bed
hospitol at lie å la Crosse, northern Saskatchewan.
Hospital allractively localed on Lake Side and ser-
viced by highway. Salary as per recommended
schedule plus generous northern allowance. Board
and meals can be provided at the hospital at low
rate. Applications to be sent to the Administrotor,
St. Joseph's Hospital, lie à 10 Crosse, Saskatche-
wan. 10-48- J
General Duty and Operating R_m Nurs.., 01.0
C.rtified Nursing A..i.tants for 560.bed University
Hospital. Salary commensurate with experience and
preparations. Excellent opportunities to engage in
progressive nursing. Apply: Director of Personnel,
University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskafchewan.
10.Jl6-4A
UNITED STATES
REGtSTERED NURSES - CALIFORNIA Progressive hos-
pital in Son Joaquin Valley has openings for R.N.'s.
Located between Son Francisco and Los Angeles near
mountain, ocean and desert resorts. Paid vocation,
paid sick leave, paid Blue Cross, disability insurance,
voluntary retirement plan. Salary range from $500 to
$700 monthly. Write: Personnel Director, Mercy Hos-
pital, Bakersfield, California. 15-5-58A
REGISTERED NURSES - for sunny California. Excit-
ing expansion program requires nurses for all serv-
ices-Maternity, I.C.U., Specialized Surgery, etc. Excel-
lent orientation and in-service programs. Promotional
opportunities for Head Nurses and Supervisors. Con-
genial atmosphere where progress begins with pa-
lient care. Salary $550 to $650 for Stoff Nurses.
Good shift differential and fringe benefits. "Come
grow with us". Mr. Ken Clarke, R.N. - Director of
Nursing Services, Greater 8akersfield Memorial Hos-
pital, P.O. Box 1888, Bakersfield, California 93303.
Write or call 805 - 327-1792. 15-5-5A
REGISTERED NURSES - Southern California - Op.
portunities available - 368-bed modern hospital in
Medical-Surgical, Labor and Delivery, Nursery, Oper-
ating Room and Intensive and Coronary Core Units.
Good salary and liberal fringe benefits. Continuing
inservice education program. Located 10 miles from
Los Angeles near skiing, swimming, cultural and edu-
cational facilities. Temporary living accommodations.
Apply: Director of Nursing Service, Saint Joseph
Hospital, Burbank, California 91503. 15-5-63
Registered Nurses, Career satisfaction, interest and
professional growth unlimited in modern, JCAH ac-
credited 243-bed hospital. Located in one of Califor-
nia's finest areas, recreational, educational and cul-
tural advantages are yours as well oS wonderful
year-round climate. If this combination is what
you're looking for, contact uS now!Staff nurse en-
trance salary $575-$600 per month; increa.es to
$700 per month; supervisory positions at highest
rate.. Special area and shift differentials to $454. per
month. Excellent benefits include free health and
life insurance, retirement, credit union and liberal
personnel pol icies. Professional stoff appointments
available in all clinical areas to those eligible for
California licensure. Write today: Director of Nursing,
Eden Hospital. 20103 Lake Chabot Rood, Castro Vol-
ley, California. 15.5-12
AUGlJST 1967
l
..
ST. JOSEPH'S GENERAL HOSPITAL
PORT ARTHUR, ONTARIO
In June 1967 the opening of the new addition to the 1960 wing will complete
our 250-bed modern hospital. Applications are invited for the following Services:
Surgical, Medical, Pediatrics, Rehabilitation, and Intensive Core.
HEAD NURSES for
3 NURSING UNITS
REGISTERED NURSES
---
'1
REGISTERED NURSING
ASSISTANTS
HEAD NURSE for o. R.
B.Se.N. with experience
preferred
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ORDERLIES
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Salary Commensurate with
qualifications and
experience
- --...
Planned Orientation
Continuing Inservice
Education
-
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Excellent Personnel Policies
Opportunity to continue education at lakehead University
Apply to:
Director of Nursing Service
ST. JOSEPH'S GENERAL HOSPITAL
Port Arthur, Ontario, Canada.
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DIRECTOR OF NURSING
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Required for Sanatorium, presently developing into
a Three point program of patient core;
..
1. TUBERCULOSIS
THE SCARBOROUGH
GENERAL HOSPITAL
2. CHRONIC CONVALESCENT
3. MENT ALLY DEFICIENT CHILDREN
Invites applications from Generol Duty Nurses. Excellent personnel
policies. An active and stimulating In-Service Education and
Orientafion Programme. A modern Management Troining Pro-
gramme to assist the coreer-minded nurse fo ossume managerial
positions. Salary is commensurate with experience and ability. We
encourage you to take advantoge of the opportunities offered in
fhis new and expanding hospital with ifs extended services in
Paediatrics, Orthopaedics, Psychiatry, Cardiology, Operafing Room,
Emergency, and Intravenous Therapy.
This will be a challenging opportunity for someone
with Administrative experience. Salary to be ne-
gotiated, full benefit program in effect.
Apply to:
For further information write to:
Director of Nursing
Scarborough Ceneral Hospital
Scarborough
Metropolitan Toronto, Ontario
Dr. Bruce H. Hopkins
Medical Director
ONGWANADA SANATORIUM
790 Princess Street
Kingston, Ontario
AUGUST 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 63
UNITED STATES
REGISTERED NURSES: Excellent opportunity for ad-
vancement in Dtmosphere of medicol excellence. Pro-
gressive patient core including Intensive. Core and
Cardiac Core Units. Finely equipped growIng 2oo-bed
suburban community hospital on Chicago's beautiful
North Shore. Modern, furnished apartments are
available for single professional women. Oth
r
fnnge benefits include paid vDc
!ion ofter SIX
months paid life insurance, 50% tUition refund and
stoff d
velopment program. 5alary range from $550-
$660 per month plus shift differential. Contact:
Donald L. Thompson, R.N., Director of Nursing,
Highland Pork Hospital, Highland Pork, Illinois
60035. J 5-14-3C
Regist.red Nurses and Certified Nursing Alsistantl.
Opening in several oreas, all shifts. Every other week.
end off, in small community hospital 2 miles from
80ston. Rooms available. Hospital paid life insurance
and other liberal fringe benefits. RN salary $100 per
week, plus differential of $20 for 3- 1 1 p.m. and
11-7 a.m. shifts. CN. A..'ts. $80 weekly plus $10 for
3.11 p.m. and 11-7 a.m. shifts. Musr read, write,
and speak English. Write: Miss Byrne, Director of
Nurses, Chelsea Memorial Hospital, Chelsea, Mos.
sachusetts 02150. 15-22.1 C
I I
UNITED STATES
Registered Nurses: For ICAH General Accredited
409-bed hospital in the heart of exciting New York
City. Liberal benefits include four week vocation
ofter one year; $2000. Life insurance; Blue Cross
and Blue Shield; etc. Salary commensurate with
experience. Excellent opportunities for advancement.
Apply to; Personnel Director, St. Clore's Hospital
415 W. 51st Street, New York, N.Y. loot9 t5-33-1I
STAFF NURSES: University of Washington. 320-bed
modern, expanding Teaching DI1d Research Hospital
located on campus offers you on opportunity to
join the stoff in one of the following specialties:
Clinical Research, Premature Center, Open Heart
Surgery, Physical Medicine, Orthopedics, Neurosur.
gery, Adult and Child Psychiatry in addition to
the General Services. Salary: $501 to $576. Unique
benefit program includes free University courses after
six months. For information on opportunities, write
to: Mrs. Ruth Fine. Director of Nursing Services,
University Hospital, t9S9 N.E. Pacific Avenue,
Seallle, Washington 98105. 15-48.2D
NIGHT NURSE?
University Hospitol is pleased to announce that sfarting pay for night
nUrses now ranges from $30.00 to $33.00 per shift ($7,830 to $8,613
for un unnuul starting salury)--depending on education and experience.
After 4 years service, night nurse salaries range up to $9,396.00
per yeur. The base pay for permonent evening and rotafing fours
has als<rbeen increased plus excellent University Staff benefits are
offered to all nurses.
Universify Hospital has a Service Department which assigns frained
persannel to handle paperwork and other non-nursing chores,
relieving our nurses for patient care exclusively.
Ann Arbor is nationally known as a Center of Culture with emphasis on
art, music and drama---ond recognized as an exciting and desirable
community in which to live.
Write to Mr. George A. Higgins, A6001, University Hospital,
University of Michigan Medical Cenfer, Ann Arbor, Michigan for
more information, or phone collect (313) 764-3175.
We are an Equal Opportunity Employer
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
MEDICAL CENTER, ANN ARBOR
64 THE CANADIAN NURSE
THE MONCTON
HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
requires a
MEDICAL SURGICAl NURSING INSTRUCTOR
PAEDIATRIC NURSING INSTRUCTOR
PHYSICAL SCIENCE INSTRUCTOR
OPERATING ROOM nlNICAl INSTRUCTOR
Salary commensurate with qual-
ifications and experience with
all fringe benefits.
Apply in writing, giving full
particulars to:
Director of Nursing
THE MONCTON HOSPITAL
Moncton r New Brunswick
DIRECTOR
Of NURSING SERVICE
The Belleville General Hospital
requires a Director of Nursing
Service to be responsible for the
administration of all nursing ser-
vice activities.
The hospital presently has a ca-
pacity of 300 beds and will in-
crease to a total of 450 beds in
about one year, upon completion
of a construction programme.
The design incorporates a central
Supply Process Dispatch system.
Applicants should have a degree
in nursing service administration
as well as considerable expe-
rience in a similar position.
Applications and enquiries
should be addressed to:
Philip Rickard, Secretary
Edith Cavell Regional
School of Nursing
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL
Belleville, Ontario.
AUGUST 1967
This
.
15
a
little Eskimo boy
Sometime during the next year.
he might fall and hurt himself-
or get measles or pneumonia.
...
He will need the care of a nurse.
'"'-
A good nurse.
Maybe you?
Registered hospital and public health nurses, certified nursing assistants,
for further information write to:
MEDICAL SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE, OTTAWA, CANADA.
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR
OF NURSING
VICTORIA HOSPITAL
LONDON, ONTARIO
Applications are invited for the
above position in a fully ac-
credited 163-bed General Hos-
pital in beautiful Northern On-
tario.
Modern 1,000-bed hospital
Requires
Registered Nurses for
all services
and
Desirable qualifications should
include B.S.N. Degree with ex-
perience in supervision.
Registered
Nursing Assistants
For further information,
Write to:
40 hour week - Pension plan
- Good salaries and Personnel
Policies.
Apply:
Director of Nursing
Director of Nursing
KIRKLAND and DISTRICT HOSPITAL
VICTORIA HOSPITAL
Kirkland Lake, Ontario.
London, Onto
AUGUST 1967
OSHA W A
GENERAL HOSPITAL
GENERAL DUTY NURSES FOR
ALL DEPARTMENTS
Starting salary for Ontario Regis-
tered nurses $400 with 5 annual
increments to $480 per month.
Credit for acceptable previous
service - one increase for two
years, two increases for four or
more years.
Non-registered - $360.00
Rotating periods of duty - 3
weeks vacation - 8 statutory
holidays.
One day's sick credit per month
beginning in the 7th month of
service cumulative to 45 days.
Pension Plan and Group life
Insurance - Hospital pays 50%
of Medical, Blue Cross and Hos-
pital Insurance premiums.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
OSHAWA GENERAL HOSPITAL
Oshawa, Ontario
THE CANADIAN NURSE 65
SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL
COOKSVILLE, ONTARIO
REGISTERED NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING
ASSIST ANTS
For all Departments and a new Psychi-
atric wing.
Subsidized employee benefifs and good
personnel policies in effect.
Modern, furnished aparfmenls available.
For information and application,
please write to:
Director of Nursing
SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL
Cooksville, Ontario
REGISTERED NURSES
Medical, Surgical and
Infensive Core Units at
VICTORIA VETERAN'S HOSPITAL
Victoria, B.C.
and
SHAUGHNESSY HOSPITAL
Vancouver, B.C.
Excellenf working condifions and benefifs.
Starfing salaries $4,500 and $4,650 a
year, rising to $5,300 a year.
Apply immediately to:
Personnel Officer
VICTORIA VETERAN'S HOSPITAL
Victoria, B.C.
OR
Personnel Officer
SHAUGHNESSY HOSPITAL
Vancouver 9, B.C.
CATHERINE BOOTH HOSPITAL
Requires
REGISTERED NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS
for new aO.bed hospifal in west-end
Montreal.
Openings in: Obsfetrics
Gynaecology
General Surgery
Planned orientotion ond active Inservice
program. Solories in occordance with
QH/S.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
CATHERINE BOOTH HOSPITAL
4375 Montclair Ave.,
Montreal 28, Que.
66 THE CANADIAN NURSE
UNITED STATES
REGISTERED NURSES Opportunities available at
15-bed hospital in MedIcal-Surgical, Labor and
Delivery, Intensive Care, Operating Room and Psy.
chiotry. No rototion of shift, good salary, evening
and nighl differentials, liberal fringe benefits.
Temporary living accommodations available. Apply:
Miss Dolores Merrell, R.N., Personnel Director, Queen
of Angels Hospital, 2301 Bellevue Avenue, Los
Angeles 26, California. 15.5.3G
REGISTERED NURSES: Mount Zion Hospital and Me.
dical Center's increased salory scoles now double our
ettraction for nurses who find they con afford to live
by the Golden Gote. Expansion has created vacancies
for stoff and specialty assignments. Address enquiry
to: Personnel Deportment, 1600 Divisadero Street, San
Francisco, California 9
115. An equal opportunity
employer. 15-5.4C
REGISTERED NURSES: 250.bed General Hospital, ex-
panding to AOO, located in Son Francisco, California.
Positions on all shifts for nurses in Intensive Care
Unit, Operating Room, and General Staff Duty.
Salary range $600-$700. Health and Life Insurance,
Retirement Program - all hospilal paid. Liberal
holiday and vacation benefits. Accredited medical
residencies in Medicine, General Surgery, Neuro
Surgery, Orthopedics, and Plastic Surgery. For fur-
ther information write to: Miss Lois John, Director
of Nursing, Franklin Hospital, I
th and Noe Streets,
San Francisco, California. 15-5-
A
REGISTERED NURSES - SAN FRANCISCO Children's
Hospital and Adult Medical Center hospilal for men,
women and children. California registration required.
Opportunities in all clinical areas. Excellent salaries.
differentials for evenings and nights. Holidays, voca-
tions, sick leave, life insurance, health insurance and
employer
paid pension-plan. Applications and details
furnished on request. Contact Personnel Director, Chil-
dren's Hospital, 3700 Cal ifornia Street, Son Francisco
18, California. 15-5.
REGtSTERED NURSES NEEDED: for tO
-bed General
Hospital. California registered nurses for P. M. and
night. Starting salary $560 up per month. Duplex on
hospital ground of low rent. Liberal Personnel
policies. Tulare - Mid-way between Los Angeles
and 5an Francisco. Contact: Administrator, Tulare
District Hospital, Tulare, California. 15-5-
A
REGtSTERED NURSES - General Duty for 8
-bed
JCAH hospital 1'1:. hours from San Francisco, 2
hours from the Lake Tahoe. Starting sólary $6oo/m.
with differentials. Apply: Director of Nurses, Mem-
orial Hospital, Woodland, Cal ifornia. 15-5-
9B
StaH Duty positions (Nur.es) in private
03.bed
hospital. Liberal personnel policies and salary. Sub.
stantial differential for evening and night duty.
Write: Personnel Director, Hospifal of The Good
Samarilan, 12t2 Shatto Street, Los Angeles 17,
California. 15-5.3B
Stoff Nurses needed for care of orthopedically han-
dicapped children. Modern building and equipment.
Salary $550 per month plus attractive fringe bene-
fits. Living Quarters available. Write: Eleanor
Baird, Shriners Hospital, 3160 Geneva Street, Los
Angeles, California. 15.5.3-0
NURSES - ALL SHIFTS, ALL DEPTS. New Accredited
99.bed Hospital. Starting Salary $600 month, Plus
Differential, Liberal Benefits - Contact Director
of Nurses, Viewpark Community Hospital, 5035
Coliseum St., Los Angeles, California 90016 15.5-3M
Nur.es for new 75-bed General Hospital. Resort
area. Ideal cI imate. On beautiful Pacific ocean.
Apply to: Director of Nurses, 50uth Coast Com-
munity Hospital, South Laguna, California. 15-5.50
Profellionat Nunes - for immediate openings in
27
.bed general hospital. Liberal fringe benefits.
Enjoy interesting, challenging position in the ideal
climate of Santa Monica Bay. Apply: Director of
Nursing, Santo Monico Hospital, 1250, Sixteenth
Slreel, Santa Monica, California. 15-5.
0
REGISTERED NURSES: for 75.bed air.conditioned
hospital, grawing community. Starting salary $330
S365/m. fringe benefits, vocation, sick leave, holi-
days. lif. insurance, hospitalization. 1 meal furnish-
ed. Write: Administrator, Hendry General Hospital,
Clewistan, Florida. 15.tO-1
I I
UNITED STATES
Wonted Generol Duty Nurse.. Applications now
being token for nursing positions in a new addi.
tion to the existing hospital including surgery, cen-
tral sterile and supply, general duty. Salary $550
per month plus fringe benefits. Contact: Director of
Nurses, Alamosa Community Hospital Alamosa,
Colorado. 15-6-1
GENERAL DUTY AND LICENSED PRACTICAL NURSES:
115-bed JCAH hospital on shores of Lake Okeecho-
bee. liberal personnel policies; starting salary for
RN's. $525 (for LPN's $375) with 10% differenlia'
for each group evenings and nights. Free meals;
nurses' residence available. Apply: Director of
Nurses, Glades General Hospital, Belle Glade, Flo.
rida 33
30. 15-1O.3A
TEAM LEADER opportunities in North Miomi. The
newly expanded 372.bed North Miami General
Hospital needs evening and night Registered Nurse
team leaders for its Medical-Surg ical Units. Salaries
are $602-$628 per month depending upon experience.
North Miami General is a fully accredited five
year old hospital with liberal fringe benefits and
a continuing education program for Registered Nurses.
For a descriptive brochure and hospital policies
write: North Miami General Hospital, North Miami,
Florida. J. Larry Sims, Administrative Assistant. An
equal opportunity employer. 15-10-2 A
GENERAL DUTY NURSES. Salary, days $500.$550;
p.m. $525.$575; nights $520-$570 per month. In-
creases January I, 1967. Excellent benefits. 230-bed
regional referral General Hospital with intensive
core and coronary units. Postgraduate classes avail-
able at two universities. Extensive intern and resi-
dent teaching program. Hospital located adjacent to
Northwest's largest private clinic. Free housing first
month. Canadian trained nurses with psychiatric
affiliation please write: Personnel Director, Virginia
Mason Hospital, It It Terry Avenue, Seattle, Wash-
ington 98101. 15-
8-28
MISCELLANEOUS
EXPO: For rent. a room in private home of profes-
sional people in nice suburb of Montreal. One per.
son $7.00, two persons $10 per night.
19 King.
stonroad, Pierrefonds, Montreal. Tel.: area 51 A -
626-289
. 9-86-8
Accommodotion for EXPO 67: 3 rooms double and
modern $12 each room per day, 01.0 a tra iler that
could accommodate
adults and 2 children $12 per
day. Breakfast and transportation to the expo site
if desired. "Accepted by Lodge Expo". For reserva.
tion write to: Denise Langlois, 38 Sterling Street,
LaSalle, P.O. 9.
7-68
RED CROSS
IS ALWAYS THERE
WITH YOUR HELP
AlJGUST 1967
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UNIVERSITY
OF ALBERTA
HOSPITAL
EDMONTON, ALBERT A,
CANADA
A 1,200 bed teaching hospital, with a School of Nursing of 450 students. A rapidly expanding Medical
Center, situated on a growing University Campus.
NURSING OFFERS
* planned Orientation Programme
* In Service Education Programme
* Organized programme to provide op-
porfunities for Team Leaders, leader-
ship Responsibility
* Opportunifies for Professional develop-
ment in O.R., Coronary Core, Cardiac
Surgery, Renal Dialysis. Neurosurgery.
and Rehabilifation
SCHOOL Of NURSING
WOODSTOCK
GENERAL HOSPITAL
WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO
Will require
TEACHERS - AUGUST r 1967
For the approved two year cur-
riculum with a third year of ex-
perience in nursing service. (50
students enrolled annually)
Qualifications: University prepa-
ration in Nursing Education or
Public Health.
Salary: Commensurate with ex-
perience and education.
Apply to:
The Director,School of Nursing,
WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL
Woodstock, Ontario.
AUGUST 1967
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For more information write to:
Director of Nursing
UNIVERSITY
OF ALBERTA
HOSPITAL
Edmonton, Alberta
Canada
THE DR. CHARLES A. JANEWAY
CHILD
HEALTH CENTRE
St. John's, Newfoundland
Invites applications from
GRADUATE NURSES
Interested in the nursing of sick
children. Wouldn't you like fo
come to the Province of New-
foundland to a new hospital
providing varied paediatric ex-
perience and a challenge to all
nurses who are interested and
enthusiastic. A salary increase
has just been granted and an-
other increase is to follow early
next year.
Further details can be obtained
from:
The Director of Nursing
THE DR. CHARLES A. JANEWAY
CHILD HEALTH CENTRE
P. O. Box 5578
ST. JOHN'S, NEWFOUNDLAND
BENEFITS
* Excellent Pafient Care Focilities
* Salary scaled to qualificafion and ex.
perience
* Liberal personnel policies
AJAX AND
PICKERING
GENERAL HOSPITAL
AJAX, ONTARIO
127 Beds
Nursing the patient as an indi-
vidual. Vacancies, General Duty
R.N.'s and Registered Nursing
Assistants for all areas, Full time
and part time. Salaries as in Me-
tro Toronto. Consideration for ex-
perience and education. Excellent
fringe benefits. Residence accom-
modation, single rooms, House-
keeping privileges.
Apply to:
NURSING OFFICE PERSONNEL
THE CANADIAN NURSE 67
DEPARTMENT OF
PUBLIC HEALTH
PROVINCE OF NOVA SCOTIA
offers
BURSARIES FOR NURSES
Graduate nurses who are eligible for University en-
trance and have an interest in a career in Public
Health Nursing are invited to apply.
Bursaries will cover educational costs and provide
living allowance.
Applications for bursaries and further information
may be obtained by contacting:
Director of Public Health Nursing
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH
P.O. Box 448
Halifax, Nova Scotia
A-5614
MAIMONIDES HOSPITAL
AND HOME FOR THE AGED
AN OPPORTUNITy....
A CHALLENGE....
A NEW EXPERIENCE....
SUPERVISORS, STAFF NURSES, NURSING
ASSISTANTS, INSTRUCTORS, PSYCHIATRIC
NURSE,
We invite you to join the nursing staH of New Mai.
monides.
LIBERAL VACATION . . HEALTH AND
PENSION PLANS . . SALARIES COM-
MENSURATE WITH RECOGNIZED SCALES
Apply to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
5795 Caldwell Avenue
Montreal 29, Quebec
68 THE CANADIAN NURSE
ONCE A
ALWAYS
NURSE...
A NURSE!
Whether you're a practicing R.N. or just taking time
out to raise a family, you can serve your community
by teaching lay persons the simple nursing skills
needed to care for a sick member of the family at
home.
Red Cross Branches need VOLUNTEER INSTRUCTORS
to teach Red Cross Care in the Home courses.
VOLUNTEER NOW AS A RED CROSS INSTRUCTOR
.
IN YOUR COMMUNITY
For further information, contact:
National Director, Nursing Services,
THE CANADIAN RED CROSS SOCIETY
95 Wellesley Street East,
Toronto 5, Ontario
REGISTERED NURSES
Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois is a
new 587-bed General Hospital, located in a pleasant
suburb of Chicago.
The hospital is modern with a wide range of services
to patients, including Hyperbaric Oxygen Unit. Low-
cost modern housing next to the hospital is available_
The hospital is completely air-conditioned.
Annual beginning salary is from $6,000 plus shift
differential pay. Regular salary increments at six
months of service and yearly thereafter. Sick leave
and other fringe benefits are also available.
Write or call collect:
Director of Nursing Services
LUTHERAN GENERAL HOSPIT At
PARK RIDGE, ILLINOIS 60068
Telephone: 692-2210 Ext. 211
Area Code: 312
AUGUST 1967
What does
Methodist Hospital
have to offer me?
At the Methodist Hospital, where research is a part
01 progress, a nursing career takes on new horizons -
rich in meaning and professional satisfaction.
If you're looking for the chance to be the nurse
you've always dreamed of - coming to the world
famous Methodist Hospital can be an adventure -
almost like stepping into the future - splendid
facilities, !òO much advance equipment and
everywhere the newest medical and patient care
techniques are in use.
Some of the best aspects of nursing at METHODIST
are as Old as medicine itself - there is a spirit of
kindness and consideration, and emphasis on patient
care, that make this a hospital where nursing is
satisfying and rewarding, day by day.
Methodist Hospital is right in the center of the world's
great Medical, Research and Educational complexes.
HOUSTON is an exciting city - rodeo and opera,
pro-football and the famous Alley Theatre, water sports
and beaches an hour or less away, the Houston
SymPhony and the Astrodome!
A Few Quick Facts: We're affiliated with Baylor
University College of Medicine and associated with
Texas Woman's University College of Nursing.
New $9Y2 million Cardiovascular and Orthopedic
Research Center will open soon. Our Inservice
Education Department gives you thorough
orientation, and continued instruction in new
concepts and techniques. You'll find every
encouragement to broaden your skills,
including tuition assistance in obtaining
further education in nursing.
..
Send for Your Colorful Informative Illustrated
Brochure. . . to learn abOut Methodist Hospital,
Houston, positions available, salary and employment
benefits, tuition allowance, complimentary room
accommodation and our Nurse Specialist Programs.
Write, call or send coupon, Director of Personnel,
The Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center,
Houston, Texas 77025
(-J
r-------------------------------------ï
I Director of Personnel, THE METHODIST HOSPITAL, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77025 I
I Please send me your brochure abOut nursing opportunities at THE METHODIST HOSPITAL-Texas Medical Center I
I I
I Name I \
I Address I
I I
I City State Zip Code I
L_____________________________________
.",. r
HOSPITAL:
A newly expanded 257 bed hospital with such progressive
care concepts as a 12-bed I.C.U., 22.bed psychiatric and
24-bed self care unit.
IDEAL LOCATION:
45 minutes from downfown Toronfo, 15-30 minutes from ex-
cellent summer and winter resort areas.
SALARIES:
Registered Nurses: $400.00 - $480.00 per monfh.
Registered Nursing Assistants: $295.00 - $331.00 per month.
FURNISHED APARTMENTS:
Swimming pool, tennis courts, etc. (see above)
OTHER BENEFITS:
Medical and hospital insurance, group life insurance, pension
plan, 40 hour week.
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Please address all enquiries to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL
596 Davis Drive
Newmarket, Ontario
L
THE PLACE TO
CENTENNIAL
BE IN
YEAR!
OTTAWA CIVIC HOSPITAL
Ottawa, Ontario
Enioy life in green and pleasant Ottawa. Doily
rrain and bus service fa Expo '67! Challenging
work in a modern teaching Hospital of 1087
beds, where administrafion is progressive and
sfaff parficipafion encouraged. In-Service Educa-
tion program well esfablished. Excellent salaries,
personnel policies and fringe benefits to:
REGISTERED NURSES
for all services including Operating Room and
Psychiatry
Apply in writing to:
Miss B. JEAN MILLIGAN, Reg.N., M.A.
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 69
AUGUST 1967
SCARBOROUGH CENTENARY HOSPIT At
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Invites Applications For:
TEAM LEADERS
GENERAL STAFF R.N. and R.N.A.
This modern 525-bed hospital, scheduled to open in the Fall of
1967, is fully equipped with the latest facilities to assist personnel
in pafient care and embraces the most modern concepfs of feam
nursing. (See Hospital Administration in Canada January 1967
edition.) Excellent personnel policies are available. Progressive staff
and management development programs offer the maximum op-
portunities for those who are interested. Salary is commensurate
wifh experience and ability.
For further information, please direct your enquiries to:
Director of Nursing Service,
SCARBOROUGH CENTENARY HOSPITAL
Post Office Box 250, West Hill, Ontario
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Applications are invited from
REGISTERED NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS
For full time, 40 hour week, Rotation Duty.
One Weekend off Duty every three weeks.
Vacancies In Medical, Surgical, Obstetric,
Paediatric, Operating Room, Intensive Care
and Emergency Unit. Active Inservice and
Orientation programs as well as excellent
personnel policies and fringe benefits.
Director of Nursing
TORONTO EAST GENERAL
AND ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL
Toronto 6, Ontario
70 THE CANADIAN NURSE
GENERAL STAFF NURSES
required for
REGINA GENERAL HOSPITAL
openings in all departments
including new Intensive Care Unit
STARTING SALARY $401
Recognition Given For Experience
Progressive Personnel Policies
Apply:
Personnel Department
REGINA GENERAL HOSPITAL
Regina, Saskatchewan
SHERBROOKE HOSPITAL
SHERBROOKE, Que.
has vacancies for
GENERAL STAFF NURSES
150-bed active General Hospital, fully accredited -
situated in the picturesque Eastern Townships, ap-
praximately 80 miles from Montreal via new auto-
route. Friendly community, close to U.S. border. Good
recreational facilities. Excellent personnel policies,
salary comparable with Montreal Hospitals.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
SHERBROOKE HOSPITAL
Sherbrooke, Que.
AUGUST 1967
PALO ALTO-STANFORD
HOSPITAL CENTER
located on the beautiful campus of Stanford University in Palo Alto, California.
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One of the nation's formost teaching hospital s invites you to work and learn on the San
Franscisco Peninsula. Enjoy California weather in one of the most stimulating cultural and
recreational environments in the U.S.A.
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For additional information-
NAME:
ADDRESS:
CITY: .. " STATE:
SERVICE DESIRED:
Return to: PALO ALTO-STANFORD HOSPITAL CENTER
Personnel Department 300 Pasteur Drive
Palo Alto, California
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Sf. JOSEPH'S HOSPIT At
TORONTO, ONTARIO
REGISTERED NURSES
and
REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS
lOO-bed fully accredited hospital provides
experience in Operafing Room, Recovery
Room, Intensive Care Unit, Pediafrics
Orthopedics, Psychiatry, General Surgery
and Medicine.
Orienfation and Active !nservice program
for all sfaff.
Salary is commensurafe with preparafion
and experience.
Benefits include Canoda Pension Plan
Hospital Pension Plan, Group life Insu:
rance. After 3 manfhs, cumulafive sick
leave - Ontario Hospital Insurance -
50% payment by hospifal.
Rafafing Periods of dUfy - 40 hour week,
8 sfatutory holidays - annual vacation
3 weeks offer one year.
Apply:
Assistant Director of
Nursing Service
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
30 Th. Qu.ensway
Toronto 3, Ontario
AUGUST 1967
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ASSOCIATE
DIRECTOR
OF
NURSING EDUCA 1I0N
Applications are invited for the
above position in an ultra-mod-
ern school of nursing located in
South Western Ontario.
Annual enrollment of 50 stu-
dents. Two-Plus-One program
commencing Sept. 1968. Mini-
mum requirement - B.Se.N. with
several years experience.
Apply to:
BOX "B"
CANADIAN NURSE JOURNAL
50 The Driveway
Ottawa 4, Ontario
THE HOSPITAL
FOR
SICK CHILDREN
School of Nursing
Applications are invited for the
TEACHING STAFF
Opportunity to participate in
Curriculum Development. Chan-
ges anticipated for 1968 in Basic
Nursing Program and Affiliate
Program.
QUALIFICA nONS:
Bachelor of Science in Nursing
or Diploma in Nursing Education.
Salaries are according to educa-
tion and experience.
For further information,
write to:
The Associate Director of
Nursing Education
THE HOSPITAL FOR
SICK CHILDREN
Toronto 2, Ontario
THE CANADIAN NURSE 71
OPERATING ROOM
SUPERVISOR
Postgraduate trained.
For 61-bed well-equipped
hospital.
Apply:
Administrator
WILLETT HOSPITAL
Paris, Ontario
INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
HEAD NURSE
GENERAL DUTY NURSES
wanted for a 6-bed monifored medical-
surgical unit.
For further information apply to:
Director of Nursing
KELOWNA GENERAL HOSPITAL
Kelowna, British Columbia
THE ORILLIA SOLDIERS
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
Invites
YOU
to apply for the position of
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
EDUCATION
'he Schoot of Nursing is in the process of:
I) Building a new self-contained educational
building.
2) Commencing a two + one year pro-
gramme by September 1968.
3) I ncreasing total student enrollment to t20.
Minimum Requirement: Bachelor's Degree.
Preferenc.e will be given to applicant
wi'h Master's Degree.
Salary: To be negotiated, but commensurate
with qual ifications and experience.
O,illia: is a town of 20,000, situated on two
lakes one hour's drive from T oron.o.
For further details apply to:
Miss B. M. Jones, Reg.N.
Director of Nurling
ORILLIA SOLDIERS' MEMORIAL
HOSPITAL
Orillia, Ontario, Canada
72 THE CANADIAN NURSE
A progressive 270-bed acute General
Hospital situated in the INTERIOR OF
BRITISH COlUMBIA.
Invites applications from
GRADUATE NURSES
(B.C. REGISTRATION)
In addifion to a new building, renovafions
now almosf complefed have increased our
pafienf facilities.
Please state preference of working area
when applying to:
Director of Nursing
ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL
Kamloops, B.C.
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
Applications are invifed for the position
of Director of Nursing for a 164-bed mo-
dern, accredifed, acute care hospifal in
scenic British Columbia. A 24-bed psy.
chiatric wing and a 50-bed exfended care
unif are in fhe finol stages of planning.
Accommodation available in sfaff res-
idence. Nursing administrative education
and experience desirable. Solary com-
mensurate with qualifications.
Apply stating qualifications and
expected salary to:
Mr. D. C. Steveson
Administrator
TRAIL- T ADANAC HOSPITAL
Trail, British Columbia
ARE YOU INTERESTED IN PATIENT CARE?
JOIN OUR STAFF
THE UNIVERSITY OF
TEXAS HOSPITALS
AT GALVESTON, TEXAS
- A Planned Orienfafion Program
- A Confinuous Education Program
Liberal Personnel Policies
Staff Nurse Salaries
$482-$620 - Based upon a background of
experience and education. $539.$680 in Sep-
tember. $60 differential for nights or rota-
tion of two shifts. $90 differential for
evenings or rotation of three shifts.
Write to:
Patricia M. Bosworth, R.N., M.A.
Administratar.Caordinatar of Nursing
THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HOSPITALS
Galveston, Texas 77550
We are an equal opparfunity employer
I
WILSON MEMORIAL
GENERAL HOSPITAL
requires
REGISTERED NURSES FOR
GENERAL DUTY
REGISTERED NURSING
ASSISTANTS
20-bed hospifal. Situated in a thriving
Norfhwesfern Onfario community.
Room and board provided.
For full par1iculars,
Write to:
Director of Nursing
Marathon, Ontario
SOUTH WATERLOO
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
GALT, ONTARIO
Addifional Teaching Faculty required to
assisf in formulafing a fwo-year pro-
gramme, one.year infernship.
Positions in Teaching a\lOilable imme-
diafely, Medical Surgical, Paediafrics,
Social Sciences.
Excellent personnel policies.
For further information,
Apply to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
EDUCATION
REGISTERED NURSES
For modern aO-bed General Hospital ex.
panding fo 150 beds, located in an
allractive, dynamic, sports-oriented com-
munity 50 miles south of MOnfreal.
Salaries and fringe benefits comparable
to Montreal. Complete maintenance avail-
able at a minimal rate.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
BROME-MISSISQUOI-PERKINS
HOSPITAL
Cowansville, Que.
AUGUST 1967
THE HOSPITAL
FOR
SICK CHILDREN
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OFFERS:
I. Satisfying experience.
2. Stimulating and friendly en-
vironment.
3. Orientation and In-Service
Education Program.
4. Sound Personnel Policies
5. liberal vocation.
APPLICA TlONS FOR REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS INVITED.
For detailed information
please write to:
The Assistant Director
of Nursing
AUXILIARY STAFF
555 University Avenue
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
AUGUST 1967
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THE WINNIPEG GENERAL HOSPITAL
is Recruiting General Duty Nurses for all Services
SEND APPLICATIONS DIRECTlY TO
THE PERSONNEL DIRECTOR,
WINNIPEG GENERAL HOSPITAL
WINNIPEG 3, MANITOBA
HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
HOSPITAL -
Newly expanded 350-bed hospital. Progressive patient core con-
cept.
SALARY -
General Stoff Nurses (Currently Registered in Ontario) $400.00 -
$480, - 5-increments.
Registered Nursing Assistants (Currently Registered in Ontario)
$295.00 - $331.00, - 3 increments.
HOUSING -
Furnished apartments available at subsidized rates.
JOB SATISFACTION -
High quality patient core and friendly working environment. We
appreciate our personnel and encourage their professional develop-
ment.
You are invited to enquire concerning employment opportunities to:
Director of Nursing
HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
200 Church Street, Weston, Ontario
Telephone 249-8111 (Toronto)
THE CANADIAN NURSE 73
REGISTERED NURSES
required for
82-bed hospital. Situated in the Niagara
Peninsula. Transportafion assisfance.
For salary rates and personnel policies,
apply to:
Director of Nursing
HALDIMAND WAR MEMORIAL
HOSPITAL
Dunnville, Ontario
GRADUA If NURSES AND
NURSING ASSISTANTS
Eligible for Registration
in the Province of Ontario
We have openings for you in Medical,
Surgical, Obsfefrical, Paediafric and Chro-
nic Units.
Salary
Regisfered Nurses $400-$480
with 5 annual increments.
Registered Nursing Assisfanf
$255-$275 with 2 annual in-
crements.
Excellent personnel policies.
Salary
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
ORILLIA SOLDIERS' MEMORIAL
HOSPITAL
Orillia, Ontario
Canada
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR
OF NURSING SERVICE
Applications are invifed fOr fhe position
of Assisfanf Direcfor of Nursing Service
for a 291-bed fully accredited General
Hospifal.
Preference will be given to applicants
with preparation and experience in nurs-
ing service administration.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing Service
THE GENERAL HOSPITAL
OF PORT ARTHUR
Port Arthur, Ontario
74 THE CANADIAN NURSE
CLINICAL COURSE IN
PSYCHIATRIC NURSING
Offered by
The Deparfment of Veferans AHa irs, West-
minster Hospifal, LONDON, Ontario. Open
10 all Registered Nurses. Enrollment lim-
ited. Four monfhs durafion - commencing
15 January 1968. Room and meals at
nominal rates.
For further information
please write:
Director of Nursing
WESTMINSTER HOSPITAL
London, Ontario
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
SARNIA, ONTARIO
Invites applications for the
positions of:
IN-SERVICE DIRECTOR
EVENING SUPERVISOR
GENERAL DUTY NURSES
328-bed hospital, excellent personnel po-
licies.
For further information apply:
Director of Nursing
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
Sarnia, Ontario
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC HOSPITAL
School of Nursing requires
INSTRUCTRESS (Nursing Arts)
INSTRUCTRESS (Medical-Surgical Area)
New self-canfained educafion building for
school of nursing now open.
Trent University is situafed in Peferborough
For further information write to:
Director of Nursing
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC
HOSPITAL
Peterborough, Ontario
222 BED GENERAL HOSPITAL
requires
STAFF NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS
Cornwall is noted for its summer and
winter sport areas, and is an hour and a
half from both Montreal and Ottawa.
Progressive personnel policies include 4
weeks vQcafion. Experience and post-basic
cerfificafes are recognized.
Apply to:
Ass't. Director of Nursing
(Service)
CORNWALL GENERAL HOSPITAL
Cornwall, Ontario
GENERAL DUTY NURSES
and
NURSING ASSIST ANTS
Wanted for active General Hospital (125
beds) situated in St. Anthony, Newfound-
land, a town of 2,400 and headquarters
of the International Grenfell Association
which provides medical care for norfhern
Newfoundland and the coost of Lobrador.
Salaries in accordance with ARNN.
For further information
please write:
Miss Dorothy A. Plant
INTERNATIONAL GRENFEll ASSOCIATION
Room 701A, 88 Metcalfe Str.et.
onAWA 4, ONTARIO
CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS
required
wifh preparation and experience. Eligible
for B. C. Registration. Medical, Surgical
and Paediatric areas.
Student enrollment - 200
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
Victoria, B. C.
AUGUST 1967
SUNNYBROOK
HOSPIT AL
REGISTERED NURSES
General Duty Nurses on rotating
shifts are needed as part of the
re-organization of Sunnybrook as
a university teaching hospital.
Employment in our Nursing Ser-
vices Department includes:
Metro Toronto Salary Scale
Accommodation at reduced
rates. Full range of fringe
benefits
Three weeks vacation after
1 year
Good location
subway on
grounds.
bus from
to hospital
For additional information,
please write:
Director of Personnel
and Public Relations,
SUNNYBROOK HOSPITAL
2075 Bayview Avenue
Toronto 12, Ontario
AUGUST 1967
DIRECTOR OF SCHOOL
OF NURSING
THE OnAWA REGIONAL SCHOOL OF
NURSING
has an opening for a Director.
REQUIREMENTS: Master's Degree prefer-
red and a good working knowledge of
English and French.
CHALLENGE: A unique opporfunity to par-
ticipate in the plans for the building
of fhe school and in the development
of the programme for bilingual sfu-
denfs.
APPOINTMENT: To be made as soon as
possible.
APPLICATIONS: Interested applicants are
invited fo correspond wifh:
The Chairman of the Board
of Directors,
Mr. LAVAL FORTIER,
269 Stewart Street,
Ottawa 2, Ontario
MEDICINE HAT
GENERAL HOSPITAL
MEDICINE HAT, ALBERTA
STAFF NURSES
Current Recommended
Salary Scales
Apply:
Director of Nursing
or any
CANADA MANPOWER CENTRE
REGISTERED NURSES
For General Duty
with opporfunity for advancemenf and
REGISTERED NURSING
ASSIST ANTS
required for liS-bed chest hospifal sifuaf-
ed in laurentian MOunfains 55 miles north
of Montreal.
For further particulars and salary scales
write:
Director of Nursing,
P. O. BOX 1000
Ste. Agathe des Monts, P.Q.
THE HOSPIT AL
FOR
SICK CHILDREN
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Receive the advantages of:
1. Five-week orientation pro-
gram for new staff.
2. Ongoing in-service education
for nurses.
3. Extensive student education
program.
4. Research Institute.
APPLICATION FOR GENERAL
DUTY POSITIONS INVITED
For information contact:
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING
555 University Avenue
Toronto, Canada
THE CANADIAN NURSE 75
GRADUATE NURSES
required
For fhis modern 259-bed hospital in
the beaufiful Niagara Peninsula. Excel-
lent personnel policies and working con-
difions. Salary range $400 to $480 per
month when regisfered in Onfaria. Sfarf-
ing solary will depend on experience.
Privafe rooms available in residence $20.
per monfh.
Please apply to:
Miss L. M. R. Lambe
Director of Nursing
WELLAND COUNTY
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Weiland, Ontario
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Requires
GENERAL STAFF NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING
ASSISTANTS
O. R. TECHNICIANS
Modern 395 bed, fully accredited General
Hospital opened in 1954, with School of
Nursing. Excellent personnel policies.
O. H. A. Pension Plan. pleasanf progres.
sive industrial city of 22,500.
Apply:
Director of Nursing,
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN GENERAL
HOSPIT AL
St. Thomas, Ontario.
REGISTERED NURSES
REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS
required for
BEllEVIllE GENERAL HOSPITAL
Construcfion of a new hospifal scheduled
for complefion November 1967 will in-
crease the bed capacity to 450. Included
in the new hospifal will be the Friesen
concepf of equipment and material sup-
ply. Salary commensurate with prepara-
tion and experience. BenefilS include Ca-
nada PensiOn Plan, Hospifal Pension Plan,
Group life Insurance. Accumulative sick
leave. Ontario Hospital Insurance and
P.S.1. - 50% paymenf by hospifal.
Apply:
Personnel Di,ector
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL
Belleville, Ontario
76 THE CANADIAN NURSE
RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL
OF OTTAWA
A new, air.condifioned 340-bed hospifal.
Applications are called for Nurses for fhe
positions of:
GENERAL STAFF NURSES
and
REGISTERED NURSING
ASSISTANTS
Address 01/ enquiries to:
Director of Nursing
RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL
OF OTTAWA
1967 Riverside Drive,
Ottawa, Ontario
LADY MINTO HOSPITAL
OFFERS
1. Sfimulating Environment
2. Sound, liberal personnel policies.
3. R.N. salary range $415 to $495.
4. Residence available.
Registerecl Nurses invited to opply to:
Director of Nursing
LADY MINTO HOSPITAL
Chapleau, Ontario
REGISTERED NURSES
Required for various deparfmenfs in a
modern 140-bed hospifal situnfed in fhe
Kawarfha lakes area.
Toronto Council salaries in effecf
Please apply to:
Personnel Director
ROSS MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
Lindsay, Ontario
REGISTERED NURSES
For 61-bed General Hospital
Apply:
Administrator
WILLETT HOSPITAL
Paris, Ontario
REGISTERED NURSES
required
For modern 1000-bed accredifed hospifal.
Excellent advancemenf opportunifies.
Wide range of services provided in
Surgery, Medicine, Emergency, Infensive
Care, Chronic, Mafernify, Psychiafric, Or-
thopaedic, etc. Excellenf wages and be-
nefifs program including 10 sfafufory
holidays.
Please apply to:
Personnel Department
HENDERSON GENERAL
HOSPITAL
Hamilton, Ontario
OBSTETRICAL SUPERVISOR
and
HEAD NURSE IN
DELIVERY ROOM
Experience in teaching preferred.
Apply:
Director of Nursing
SUDBURY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
Regent Street, S.
Sudbury, Ontario
AUGUST 1967
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The trip's
on us!
Pack up your uniform and
make a change for the best . . .
to Presbyterian Hospital Center.
There are unlimited opportunities
for you as a professional nurse
in this modern, progressive, 500
bed hospital. You could include
in the liberal fringe benefits our
glorious climate and friendly
Southwestern people. Send in the
coupon below and find out how
you can make this exciting trip,
ON US!
h
PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL CENTER
ALBUQUERQUE. NEW MEXICO 87106
UStarting salary to $555 a month
u5DD-bed hospital
uPersonal orientation program
uLiberal fringe benefits
uContinuing educational programs
uAirline travel paid
uCareer advancement opportun;ties
uTwo universities
uTwenty minutes from nearby
mountains
EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER
Mail coupon or call collecl (505-243-9411, Exl. 219)
Mrs. Susan Dicke. Director of Nurse Recruitment
Presbyterian Hospital Center. Department 8.}
Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106
Please mail me more information about nursing
at Presbyterian Hospital Centar and lell me how
I may make a change for the best.
Name
Address
C,ly
Slate
School of Nursing
Year of Gradualion _Month
...................................... "-_..-.. --- .--..-----
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
SERVICE
FOR
MANITOBA REHABILITATION
HOSPITAL
WINNIPEG, Manitoba
Fully accredited 160-bed rehabi-
litation hospital and 64-bed res-
piratory disease wing. This is a
five year old modern facility
with a very active program in all
departments. Salary commensur-
ate with qualifications and ex-
perience.
For further information
write to:
Executive Director
MANITOBA REHABILITATION
HOSPITAL
800 Sherbrook Street
Winnipeg 2, Manitoba
DIRECTOR
REGIONAL SCHOOL
OF
OF NURSING
"KIRKLAND LAKE"
Applications are invited for the
position of Director of a new
Regional School of Nursing to be
established in Kirkland lake with
an annual enrollment of 30
students encompassing five area
hospitals. An excellent opportu-
nity to develop a program from
the erection of the building to
operating the school.
Please direct enquiries to:
The Secretary of the Steering
Committee:
R. J. Cameron, Administrator,
KIRKLAND AND DISTRICT
HOSPITAL
Kirkland Lake, Ontario.
ONTARIO SOCIETY
FOR
CRIPPLED CHILDREN
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.......
Invites applications from Public
Health Nurses who have at least
2 years experience in general-
ized public health nursing, pre-
ferably in Ontario.
INTERESTING AND VARIED
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES
IN AN EXPANDING PROGRAM
INCLUDE:
. an opportunity to work direct-
ly with children, their parents,
health and welfare agencies,
and professional groups
. porticipation in arranging
diagnostic and consultant cli-
nics
. assessing the needs of the
individually handicapped child
in relation to services provided
by Easter Seal Clubs and the
Society.
Attractive salary schedule with
excellent benefits. Car provided.
Pre-service preparation with sa-
lary.
Apply in writing to:
Director, Nursing Service,
350 Rumsey Road,
Toronto 17, Ontario
AUGUST 1967 THE CANADIAN NURSE 77
WOODSTOCK GENERAL H05PIT AL
Requires
GENERAL STAFF NURSES
All DEPARTMENTS
and
O.R. TECHNICIANS
Apply:
Director of Nursing
WOODSTOCK
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Woodstock, Ontario
McKELLAR GENERAL H05PIT AL
requires
Regisfered Nurses for General Staff. The
hospital is friendly and progressive.
It is now in the beginning stages of a
$3,500,000 program of expansion and
renovation.
- Openings in all services.
- Proximify fa lakehead
ensures opportunify for
educafion.
Universify
furthering
For full particulars write to:
Director
of Nursing Service
McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL,
Fort William, Ontario.
51. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
Hamilton, Ontario
requires
CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS in all Nursing
oreas. Well-equipped, modern School of
Nursing. Student enrolment over 300.
Modern, progressive, SOO-bed Hospital.
Salary commensurate with preparation
ond experience.
For further details, apply:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
78 THE CANADIAN NURSE
PORT COLBORNE
GENERAL HOSPITAL
PORT COlBORNE, ONTARIO
STAFF NURSES
required
For 166-bed hospital within easy driving
distance of American and Canadian me-
tropolifan cenfres. Considerafion given for
previous experience obfained in Canada.
Completely furnished apartmenf-sfyle resi-
dence, including balcony and swimming
pool facing lake, adjacenf to hospital.
Apply:
Director of Nursing
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Port Colborne,Ontario
REGISTERED NURSES
For new 100-bed General Hospifal in the
beginning stages of an expansion pro-
gram, located on the beautiful lake of the
Woods. Three hours' travel fime from
Winnipeg wifh good fransporfafion avail-
able. Wide variefy of summer and win-
fer sporfs - swimming, boafing, fishing,
golfing, skafing, curling, fobagganing,
skiing.
Salary: $415 with allowance for experi-
ence. Residence available. Good per-
sonnel policies.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
KEN ORA GENERAL HOSPITAL
Kenora, Ontario
A REGISTERED NURSE
BILINGUAL
Required fOr a Supervisory Position in a
modern aO-bed hospital expanding fO
150 beds. located in fhe Easfern Town-
ships, an allracfive, dynamic communify
50 miles south of Montreal. Postgraduate
fraining in Supervision an asset. Salary
in accordance wifh Quebec Hospifal In-
SUronce Service.
Write to:
Director of Nursing
BROME-MISSISQUOI-PERKINS
HOSPITAL
Cowansville, Quebec
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
lONDON, ONTARIO
Teaching Haspifal, 600 beds, new facilifies
requires:
REGISTERED NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS
For further information apply:
The Director of Nursing
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
London, Ontario
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
EDUCATION
Master's degree preferred; to conduct
basic nursing program and affilliate pro-
gram.
Apply 10:
Director of Nursing,
CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL
OF WINNIPEG,
Winnipeg, Manitoba.
MEDICINE HAT
GENERAL HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
MEDICINE HAT, ALBERTA
INSTRUCTORS
POSITIONS
ONE MEDICAL NURSING TEACHER
ONE SURGICAL NURStNG TEACHER
ONE SCIENCE NURSING INSTRUCTOR
Class 25-30 Sfudenfs
Currenf Recommended
Salary Scales
Apply:
Director of Nursing Education
or any
CANADA MANPOWER CENTRE
AUGUST 1967
I I
UNITED STATES
UNITED STATES
'AFF NURSES - Here i. the opportunity to further
'velop your professional skills and knowledge in our
OOO-bed medical center. We ha\'e liberal personnel
)Iicies with premiums for evening and night fours.
ur nurses' residence, located in the midst of 33
Mural and educational institutions, offers low.cost
)using adjacent to the Hospitals. Write for our booklet
1 nursing opportunities. Feel free to tell uS what type
f position you ore seeking. Write: Director of Nurs-
.g, Room 600, Uni\'ersity Hospitals af Cle\'eland,
ni\'ersity Circle, Cle\'eland, Ohio 44106 15-36-tG
STAFF NURSES: Ta wark in Extended Care or Tuber-
culosis Unit. Live in lovely suburban Cleveland in
2-bedroom house for 555 a month including all
utilities. Modern salary and excellent fringe benefits.
Write Director of Nursing Senlice, 4310 Richmond
Raad, Cle\'eland, Ohio. 15.361 F
GRADUATE NURSES - Wouldn't you like to wark
at a madern 532-bed acute General Teaching Hos-
pital where you would ha\'e: (a) unlimited oppar.
tunities for professional growth and advancement,
(b) tuition paid for ad\'anced study, (c) starting
salary of 5429 per manth (to thase with pending
registration as well), (d) progressive personnel poli-
cies, (e) a choice of areas? For further information,
write or call collect: Miss Louise Harrison, Director
of Nursing Service, Mount Sinai Hospital, University
Circle, Cle\'eland. Ohia 44106. Phone SWeetbriar
5-6000. 15-36.1D
egist.red Nurse (Scenic Oregon vacation play-
round, skiing, swimming. boating & curturel
",nts) for 295-bed teaching unit an campus of
niversity of Oregon medical school. Salery sterts
t 5575. Pay differential for nights and e\'enings.
beral policy for advancement. vacations. sick
'D\ie, holidays. Apply: Mu/tnamah Haspital, Port.
md. Oregon. 97201. 15.38- 1
ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
MONTREAL, QUEBEC
POSTGRADUATE COURSES
1.
(a) .Six month clinical course in Obstetrical Nursing.
Classes - September and March.
(b) Two month clinical course in Gynecological Nursing.
Classes following the six month course in Obstetrical
Nursing.
(c)
Eight week course in Care of the Premature Infant.
2.
Six month course in Operating Room Technique.
Classes - September and March.
3.
Six month course in Theory and Practice in Psychiatric
Nursing.
Classes - September and March.
For information and details of the courses, apply to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL
Montreal, P.Q.
AUGUST 1961
UNIVERSITY OF
BRITISH COLUMBIA
School of Nursing
DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC
NURSING
DEGREE COURSE FOR
GRADUATE NURSES
Both of these courses lead to the
B.S.N. degree. Graduates ore pre-
pared for public health as well as
hospital nursing positions.
DIPLOMA COURSES FOR
GRADUATE NURSES
I. Public Health Nursing.
2. Administration of Hospital
Nursing Units.
3. Psychiatric Nursing.
For information write to:
The Director
SCHOOL OF NURSING
UNIVERSITY OF B.C.
Vancouver 8, B.C.
PROVINCE OF
BRITISH COLUMBIA
requires
INSTRUCTOR
Aide Orientatian and Training Pragram
for
Div. of Nursing Education, Mental Health
Services, ESSONDALE, B.C.
SALARY: $456 rising to $559 per month,
plus $25 per monfh for cerfificafe or
University degree or $10 per month for
clinical program; plus $30 per monfh
for two years' feoching experience in a
psychiatric nurse program.
DUTIES: Insfrucfing psychiatric aides, cur-
riculum planning; ward teaching and de-
monstration, examining new trends.
Applicants must be Canadian cifizens or
British subjects with membership or el-
igibilify for membership as Regisfered
Nurse in B.C., preferably with posf-basic
preparafion in feaching, supervision and
pSychiatric nursing and suifable experi-
ence in general or psychiatric nursing.
Obtain application forms from
The Personnel Officer, B.C. Civil
Service, Valleyview Lodges, ES-
SONDALE, B.C.
COMPETIßON NO. 67:372
THE CANADIAN NURSE 79
,....
"
TORONTO GENERAL
HOSPITAL
1820-1967
UNIVERSITY TEACHING
AND RESEARCH CENTRE
(1.300 Beds)
PROFESSIONAL GROWTH
Planned Programmes in
- Orientation
- Staff Education
- Staff Development
PERSONNEL POLICIES
Salaries:
- Commensurate with Qualifications, Experience
- 3 weeks vacation
- 8 statutory holidays
- Cumulative Sick leave
- Pension Plan
- Hospitalization and medical insurance plan.
- Uniforms laundered Free
OPPORTUNITIES FOR
General Staff Nurses
Registered Nursing Assistants
in
Clinical Services:
- Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics, Gynaecology
Specialty Units:
- Cardiovascular, Clinical Investigation, Coro-
nary, Neurosurgery, Psychiatry, Operating
Room, Recovery Room, Renal dialysis, Res-
piratory
Administrative and Teaching Positions:
- Consideration given to applicants with Uni-
versity preparation and/ or experience.
Applicants' requests for any of the above positions
will be given careful consideration.
For additional information write:
Miss M. Jean Dodds,
Director of Nursing,
TORONTO GENERAL HOSPITAL
101 College Street
Toronto 2, Ontario.
80 THE CANADIAN NURSE
W. J. Gage Limited
Lakeside Laboratories (Canada) Ltd. ..
Lewis-Howe Company (Turns)
J. B. Lippincott Company of Canada Limited
C. V. Mosby Co.
Parke, Davis & Company Ltd.
J. T. Posey Company
Reeves Company _........_
Scholl Mfg. Co. Ltd. ._
Smith & Nephew Limited
Uniforms Registered
United Surgical Corp.
Winley-Morris Company Ltd.
Winthrop Laboratories
Index
to
advertisers
August 1967
Abbott Laboratories Limited .
Ames Company of Canada, Ltd.
Boehringer Ingleheim Products
Canadian Tampax Corporation
Charles E. Frosst & Co. ..
Clinic Shoemakers
Advertising
Manager
Ruth H. Baumel,
The Canadian Nurse
50 The Driveway,
Ottawa 4, Ontario
Advertising Representatives
Richard P. Wilson,
219 East Lancaster Avenue,
Ardmore, Penna. 19003
Vanco Publications,
170 The Dooway West,
Suite 408, Don Mills, Onto
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AUGUST 1961
September 1967
UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA,
SCHOOL OF NURSING
OTTAWA, ONT.
I2-b7-Q-L-I04-D
The
Canadian
Nurse
a Chinese hospital
- in Montreal
infant mortality among
Canadian Indians
a child's response
ic lack of motheri ng
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 1
A Nursing
Tradition. . .
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THE
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For a complimentary pair of white shoelaces. folder showing all tha smart Clinic stylas. and list of stores selling them. write:
THE CLINIC SHOEMAKERS · Dept. CN-9 , 1221 Locust St. . St. Louis, Mo. 63103
The
Canadian
Nurse
A monthly journal for the nurses of Canada published
in English and French editions by the Canadian Nurses' Association
Volume 63, Number 9
September 1967
29 Prenatal care and infant mortality among
Canadian Indians
G. Graham-Cumming
32 Idea Exchange
34 A need for approval
37 Epistaxis
40 It's total patient care at Expo 67 clinics
43 John - a victim of maternal deprivation
J. Gozali and H. Moogk
. N. I. McDiarmid
46 Public health nurses form first
chapter T-Groups M. Koch Smith and M. Watson Carr
47 Montreal Chinese Hospital
The views expressed in the various articles are the views of the authors and do not
necessarily represent the policies or views of the Canadian Nurses' Association.
4 Letters 7 News
20 Names 23 Dates
25 New Products 27 In a Capsule
50 Research Abstracts 51 Books
52 Films 53 Accession List
80 Official Directory
Executive Director: Helen K. Mussallem .
Editor: Virginia A. Llndabury . Assistant
Editor: Gtennts N. ZlIm . Editorial Assistant:
Carta D. Penn . Circulation Manager: Pler-
rette Hotte . Advertising Manager: Ruth H.
Baumel . Subscrlptton Rates: Canada: One
Year, 3>4.50; two years, $8.00. Foreign: One
Year, $5.00; two years, $9.00. Singte copies:
50 cents each. Make cheques or money orders
payable to The Canadian Nurse . Change of
Address: FGur weeks' notice and the old
address as well as the new are necessary. Not
responsible for journals lost in mail due to
errors in address.
@ Canadian Nurses' Association, 1967
SEPTEMBER 1961
Manuscript Infonnatton: "The Canadian
Nurse" welcomes unsolicited articles. All
manuscripts shoutd be typed, doubte-spaced,
on one side of unruted paper leaving wide
margins. Manuscripts are accepted for revicw
for exclusive publication. The editor reserves
the right to make the usuat editorial changes.
Photographs (glossy prints) and graphs and
diagrams (drawn in india ink on while paper)
are welcomed with such articles. The editor
is not committed to publish all articles sent,
nor to indicate defimte dates of publication.
Authorized as Second-Class Mail by the Post
Office Department, Ottawa, and for payment
of postage in cash. Postpaid at Montreal.
Return Postage Guaranteed. 50 The Driveway,
Ottawa 4. Ontario.
At the AARN annual meeting
last May, a guest speaker - who
happened to be a physician - upse
the audience when he asserted that
the nurse's role was that of
handmaiden to the doctor. Despite
the storm of protest that followed
his remark, the physician in
question, Dr. C. J. Varvis, remained
adamant and unconvinced of any
error in his thinking. However, h
must have learned at least one
thing about nurses: nurses may not
know exactly what nursing is
(witness the profession's never-
ending attempts to define the word:
but they certainly koow what it is
not.
A month or so after this "hand
maiden" incident had been reported
by newspapers across the country,
The Canadian Medical Association
lournal published a letter written
by Albert Wedgery, president of the
Registered Nurses' Association of
Ontario. Me. Wedgery expressed
"consternation and dismay" in a we
worded rebuttal to Dr. Varvis'
statements. He pointed out that
optimum patient care is achieved
only when doctor and nurse work
together in a team relationship. H
suggested, too, that this master-slave
attitude toward nursing may be
partly responsible for the profession'
recent loss of prestige as a career
choice for young persons.
But our story does not end here.
In a neatly-worded parable, "The
Prince and the Handmaiden," (J ul
I, 1967) the editors of CM Al join
the debate. The gist of the parable
is that the nursing profession has
come of age and should be treated
accordingly.
This is the first time that orgar
ized medicine in Canada has
spoken out in support of this
equal-partner status. We hope that
it will not be the last. Moreover, we
like the way the doctors took their
misinformed colleague to task:
"Handmaidens yet! Where has this
doctor been hiding these past 15
years? Obviously not in very clos
contact with nurses." - Editoe.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 3
letters
{
Letters to the editor are welcome.
Only signed letters will be considered for publication
Name will be withheld at the writer's request.
Students have their chance
Dear Editor,
As a student. I wrote to THE CANADIAN
NURSE suggesting a system of student eval-
uation of instructors. The letter was printed
under "Random Comments" (May, 1965).
Then, as a beginning instructor, I decided
to put my ideas into practice. My fellow
instructors in psychiatric nursing agreed,
and a plan we believe to be unique was
established.
We decided that we should be evaluated
on both the classroom and clinical parts of
our teaching. The forms we issued guided
students toward comments on such topics as
sensitivity. ability to communicate, and
availability. They were distributed on the
first day of their rotation, and returned on
the last. With the first few groups we spent
some time discussing these evaluations and
eliciting student opinions, which ranged
from enthusiasm to complete rejection.
Rarely did we find indifference to the
idea!
One problem encountered was the ques-
tion of signing evaluation forms. Many
students feared retaliation for negative
comments. and thought they could not be
as honest if required to sign. We pointed
out that since students' evaluations precede
instructors', this would not happen, but fin-
ally left the decision to the individual. We
wanted honest, objective evaluations, and if
demanding a signature would negate this,
our project would be useless.
With a new group of students rotating
every four weeks, our first set of evalua-
tions was received in 12 weeks. and each
four weeks after that. There was some hes-
itation in returning forms, but by mem-
tioning that examination marks would be
withheld until all forms were returned, in-
cluding the course and graduate forms that
we instituted at the same time, this prob-
lem was solved.
We were pleased with the results. Most
students put time and effort into the eval-
uations, although some were too brief or
general in their comments. The frequent
remark that we were not available on the
ward often enough pointed out the need for
reorganization of time, and the need for a
lower student-instructor ratio. Occasionally
criticism was received on a point to which
we previously had been oblivious, and thus
helped to bring about a change in our be-
havior. By personally thanking a student
(if known) for especially helpful criticism,
a bond of solidarity was established, and
4 THE CANADIAN NURSE
students soon realized that we were recep-
tive to constructive criticism, as we ex-
pected them to be in our evaluation of
them. Compliments gave sorely needed en-
couragement.
The greatest benefit was derived from
these evaluations in the first eight months.
They then began to be repetitious, and we
decided that only every third group of stu-
dents need fill out forms to keep us on our
toes.
We believe that instructors in schools of
nursing today are missing a valuable source
of evaluation: their students. We urge those
involved in nursing education to take a bold
step forward now toward what we think
is an important and progressive develop-
ment in the field of nursing education. -
(Mrs.) Sharon O'Toole, psychiatric nursing
instructor, Vancouver General Hospital,
Vancouver, B.C.
Instructor replies to student article
Dear Editor:
"Who is more aware of how feedings
should be prepared than a newborn baby?"
Such a question is equally as valid as
that asked in the "Opinion" by Wendy Mar-
gesson, student nurse, in your July issue.
As a former instructor, I challenge sever-
al of Miss Margesson's comments, although
I also strongly praise her for speaking out
on these issues. Her comments do point out
several areas in nursing education that re-
quire attention.
Schools of nursing do fail to make use of
properly prepared educators in non-nursing
courses and often waste good nursing in-
structors to teach chemistry, sociology, and,
sometimes, basic mathematics. These sub-
jects would be taught better by properly
prepared people with degrees in education.
working closely with nursing education di-
rectors who could identify special areas of
nursing interest.
The shorter, diploma courses, such as
the two-year educational programs coming
into being all across Canada, are doing
what Miss Margesson wishes: cutting down
on useless and wasteful repetition of men-
ial tasks and placing stress on educating the
student in an efficient and effective man-
ner. The opposition to this program is not
coming from nurses, howe
er.
I believe the comments on "freedom of
expression" are rather overstated. Any real-
ly valuable observations on patient welfare
from even a very junior student will be
acted upon, even by the most senior of
all consultants. However, the ward is not
the best place to express opinions. Such ex-
pression is better carried out in peer groups.
The group should contain students from
nursing and other medical disciplines. This
calls for interdisciplinary schools where
student nurses relate to medical students,
student radiology technicians, and student
dietitians.
The student-instructor relatIOnships are a
person-to-person problem. Bad nursing in-
structors do exist, as poor quality people
exist in every field. Schools of nursing
should try to get rid of these people, but
mature students should recognize that they
can learn in a negative atmosphere. If ne-
cessary, collective student action might
bring results.
Although high school counseling probably
could be improved, the final choice of a
career must be a personal one. Is it too
much to expect the student to investigate on
her own and know something of the pro-
fession she is entering? Is it essential that
a student decide - in one or two or three
years, and at age 17 or 18 - on the work
she intends to follow for the next 40?
Many interested women are now entering
the profession in their 40's, switching from
teaching or typing or tailoring. Surely nurs-
ing can afford to lose a few of those who
didn't know it would be so frustrating.
On the whole, Miss Margesson is to be
congratulated for speaking up. Nurses
should consider and discuss. We should be
pleased to have Miss Margesson among our
professIOnal ranks, helping - through the
profession - to repair some of these flaws.
Considered discussion should be followed
by concerted action. - R.N., Ontario.
Trim the wick
Dear Editor:
It seems to me, that the wick in Flo
Nightingale's lamp needs trimming. And
who will do the job? Why, the university
gals of course.
The days are past when all a nurse need-
ed was to be a hard worker, possess a
strong back and a weak nose. Doctors will
have to accept the new highly educated
brand of nurse. She is here to stay whether
they like it or not. But remember that the
old doctors are retiring to their golf clubs,
and the young doctors who are taking their
place are of the same generation as our
professional women leaving the universities.
The university..çaliber girls have their
own light. We must leave the past to his-
torians, and get with the 'Now' generation.
- R.N., British Columbia. 0
SEPTEMBER 1961
.
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In a word-Pharmacology 1. This skillfully wrltten"and meticu.
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FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICATIONS
Joy B. Plein, M.S. (Pharm.), Ph.D.; and Elmer M. Plein, M.S., Ph.D.
176 pages. 1967. Paperbound, $4.00
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CompositIon: Ben )in' Bp n7 ethonlu"1 chlo"de. Menthol. a-Hydroxyquinoline benzoate. and Me'''ylparab n , 1,,, u
Other indications: Fe lte u . In relieving pam. preventing infectIon. and coating burns 6vrface w'-'unds. lacer
abraSI\)f - -rHnor operation s s ete Administration: Hold can In a convenient position at lea 112 In ...wa r . "t"I affÞt
PO"lI SP'GY r')zzle and press bu.ton for", ud use two Or three tImes dally. Or as directed by the p
A "Ie
saLrated w,th spray. may be applied If thought necessary Contraindication: Aile, JY to benzo Note: ChE
alkali L.Hns shLJld be washed and rGutrahzed before applying DERMOPLAST If dirt IS pre ,t spray WI h DER
I awa dirt WI. 'mIld soap solution rinse thoroughly and respray wIth DERMOPLASl Warning: r -")
and r 1. Do n t app { IIle u ng ( ''len resuscitator Stains on synthetic fabflf's Suc.... as. I ,,00 Cil a
by,aunde" w"ì a detelJenI that d s nc lIam bleach Supply: No 1001. In containers of 3 avdp oz (
and 11 avdl oz (He - tal E n my SIze}. FUll 101 matlon avaIlable on request
.T M Re-'d
8
AYERST lABORATORIES. Division of Ayerst. McKenna & Harrison limited. Montreal. Canada
M-1103 9 61
6 THE CANADIAN NURSE
SEPTEMBER 1967
news
::;overnor-General To Open
:NA House This Fall
Ottawa. - His Excellency Governor-
:ìeneral Roland Michener has accepted an
nvitation to officially open the headquar-
ers of the Canadian Nurses' Association
ieptember 25, 1967. Sister Mary Felicitas,
)resident of the Association, will chair the
Jroceedings.
Participants in the program will include
the Honorable Allan J. MacEachen, Minis-
ter of National Health and Welfare, the
Right Reverend E.S. Reed, Bishop of Ot-
tawa, the Most Reverend J.R. Windle,
Auxiliary Bishop of Ottawa, and Miss Eve-
lyn A. Pepper, vice-chairman of the CNA
House committee.
The CNA House Committee, originally
chaired by the late Mildred Walker, was
esponsible for the initial pbnning of the
headquarters. Miss Pepper has been a mem-
ber of the House Committee since its ap-
pointment in 1954.
Special guests at the opening will include
members representing allied national asso-
ciations. Also in attendance will be mem-
bers of the Board of Directors whose bian-
nual meeting is scheduled September 26
to 29.
CNA Consultation Services
Revised and Ready
OtlUwa. - Revisions made at the last
meeting of the Board of Directors of
the Canadian Nurses' Association have been
incorporated into a newly-released State-
ment of CNA Consultation Services.
Consultation services are now offered by
CN A in research and statistics, nursing
education. nursing service, social and econ-
omic welfare, public relations, library
science, and organization and management.
Two categories of clients are eligible:
member clients, consisting of the 10 provo
incial associations; and non-member clients,
which include other institutions or agencies
that are directly concerned with nursing
practice. nursing education. or welfare of
nurses.
Consultation will be of two types: the
"diagnostic survey," lasting three to five
days, or the "major study," for problems
requiring longer and more intensive ef-
forts.
Fees for non-member clients are $80 per
day plus hotel and travel expenses for both
diagnostic and major surveys. Member
clients must pay expenses for major sur-
veys, but all costs for diagnostic surveys
are assumed by the Canadian Nurses' Asso-
ciation.
SEPTEMBER 1967
Maurice Chevalier and "Les Girls."
. ...
-- .
'<:-
t
,...
"Ç:
-
,
Between appearances at the World Festival during Expo 67, famous singer
and actor Maurice Chevalier took time to entertain nursing students and
registered nurses from the Man and His Health Theme Pavilion. With Mr.
Chevalier are, left to right: Ida Haarsma, St. Joseph General Hospital, North
Bay; Elia Levesque, Hôpital St. Joseph, Rimouski, Quebec; Violet Anutoosh.
kin, St. Joseph's Hospital, Victoria, B.C.; Ruth Elkas, Sherbrooke Hospital,
Quebec; Nancy Riggs, Victoria General Hospital, Halifax; and Leslie Ro-
berts, Ottawa Civic Hospital. These nurses are guests of White Sister Uni-
forms Inc.
Plans Progressing For
CMA-CHA-CNA Conference
Toronto. - "My Patient - Who Is Re-
sponsible?" will be one of the topics dis-
cussed by a doctor. nurse, administrator,
trustee. and patient at the First Canadian
Conference on Hospital-Medical Staff Rela-
tions to be held December 4-6.
Under the joint sponsorship of the Cana-
dian Medical Association, Canadian Hospi-
tal Association, and the Canadian Nurses'
Association. the Conference has been plan-
ned to provide a forum for the exchange of
views between medical staff representatives,
hospital trustees, administrators, and direc-
tors of nursing service. A secondary purpose
is to improve communications between
these groups.
Although still tentative, the program has
been arranged to include formal presenta-
tions. panel discussions, and workshop dis-
cussions. Keynote speakers will present pa-
pers on: "Organization as a Social Instru-
ment." "Achieving an Effective Hospital
Service," and "Principles of Communica-
tion in Hospitals."
Considerable time has been set aside for
workshop sessions. At these sessions. doc-
tors, nurses, administrators, trustees, and
patients will identify problem areas in hos-
pital-medical staff relations and hopefully
find answers to present inadequacies.
RNAO and College of Nurses
Say Public Funds Needed
For Recruitment
Toronto. - The College of Nurses of
Ontario and the Registered Nurses' Associ-
ation of Ontario, in a report to the provin-
cial Council of Health. have asked that pub-
lic funds be appropriated for a much-need-
ed recruitment program.
According to the report. public funds of
$20,000 per annum are needed if the
RNAO is to conduct an effective recruIt-
ment program. Current RNAO efforts in
this direction are hampered by lack of
funds.
The report also recommends that an an-
nual subsidy of $40,000 be made to the
College of Nurses to allow it to employ two
additional nurse consultants. Expansion of
the consulting program is necessary if the
College is to help faculties prepare for
change.
To help ease the shortage of qualified
THE CANADIAN NURSE 7
news
teachers, the report suggests that a survey
of some 400 nurses with preparation at the
baccalaureate level be carried out to deter-
mine the possibilities of ,attracting them into
teaching.
In their report, the College of Nurses of
Ontario and the RNAO recommend that di-
ploma schools of nursing be established in
colleges of applied arts and technology.
Further, they urge that immediate steps be
taken to determine the organizational and
administrative relationships necessary for
the development of such programs, and,
where feasible, for the transfer of existing
hospital and regional nursing school pro-
grams into the programs offered by the
Colleges.
The final recommendation is that the On-
tario Council of Health. in conjunction with
the College of Nurses and the RNAO,
initiate studies concerning: the availability
of recruits; requirements for nurses and
teachers for the future; measurement and
cause of turnover among nursing personnel;
recruitment of non-practicing registered
nurses to nursing; and continuing education
for qualified teachers.
RNAO Plan of Action
Recommends System of
Certification
Toromo. - The Registered Nurses' Asso-
ciation of Ontario's Plan of Action, adopt-
ed by resolution at the annual meeting in
April, recommends that courses leading to
certification be made available to registered
nurses.
Two principles form the basis of the plan:
I. that there be one category of nurse elig-
ible for registration, who can increase her
competencies in a variety of ways, e.g.,
through university preparation and/or
through a system of certification; 2. that the
concept of flexibility be utilized in the pre-
paration of the nurse, both at the basic
level and in continuing programs, and that
study and experimentation be fostered with-
in the work setting.
The Plan of Action recommends th3t
certification courses in clinical and func-
tional areas be available to registered nurses
who wish to increase their competency in an
area of specialization. Such courses could
be established in colleges of applied arts
and technology and diploma schools of
nursing that have their own boards, the
plan suggests.
According to the Plan of Action, the
nurse with certification in a clinical area
would be involved in the day-to-day provi-
sion of care in the nursing unit. She would
have a team relationship with the nurse cli-
nician and nurses of other educational back-
grounds. The nurses with certification in a
functional area could assume management
8 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Uniform Designed for New School of Nursing
Regilla. - A distinctive white and blue
uniform has been specially designed for
students entering the Saskatchewan Insti-
tute of Applied Arts and Sciences, the
province's first regional school of nursing.
The new uniform is right in step with
Saskatchewan's new approach to nursing
education - it is both practical and mod-
ern. The blue A-line dress can be worn
with or without a belt, has two patch
pockets on the skirt, white collar and
white piping on the sleeves, and is to be
worn knee length. In choosing drip dry,
terylene and cotton material, designers
took into consideration the fact that many
students may be doing their own laundry.
The very practical consideration of cost
guided designers in their choice of color.
To eliminate the need for two sets of uni-
forms, they chose a color that students
could wear for both their hospital and
public health experience.
On the sleeve of the new uniform is a
white and blue crest, with the letters
S.I.A.A.S. and the words "Diploma Nurs-
ing" that will distinguish diploma stu-
dents from those in the nursing assistants
program at the Institute.
The decisions of whether or not a cap
should be part of the uniform has been
left to faculty and the students.
.
..
\
of a ward unit in certain situations, or act
3S demonstrators in schools of nursing.
Although emphasis would be on increas-
ing the competency of the nurse in the area
of specialization, the course would include
studies in the humanities. social sciences,
physical and biological sciences, and clinical
specialty. The courses could be given as
full-time day siudy or by extension.
School for Orderlies
Opens in Alberta
Edmolltoll. - The Alberta Department
of Education. Division of Vocational Edu-
cation, has announced a program for nurs-
ing orderlies. The Alberta Nursing Order-
ly Program is designed to prepare the or-
derly to give safe care as a member of the
nursing te3m.
The 30-week program of concurrent
teaching will be divided into two phases,
with clinical experience provided at three
auxiliary hospitals and five active treatment
hospitals. Supervising staff from the school
will accompany the students to the clinical
areas and will supervise, plan, and guide
the exp.;rience in the hospital.
The first class of 20 to 25 students will
be enrolled on September 5, 1967. The min-
imum entrance requirement is grade 10,
Alberta standing, or its equivalent.
In previous years, the nursing orderly has
been prepared through an inservice program
in a few of the larger institutions. These
programs were designed to meet the nurs-
ing service needs of the specific institution.
With the expansion of he3lth services in
the province, an urgent need - particular-
ly in small hospitals, auxiliary hospitals and
nursing homes - now exists for well
prepared orderlies to meet the immediate
needs in nursing service.
The program is not expected to discour-
age the entrance of male students to pro-
grams leading to registration, according 10
Mrs. Helen M. Sabin. executive secretary
of the Alberta Association of Registered
Nurses. Students with academic ability and
potential to function at registered nurse
level are encouraged to enter schools of
nursing.
Ontario Regional School
Approved As Project
For Health Resources Fund
Ottawa. - National Health and Welfare
Minister Allan J. MacEachen has approved
the Cornwall Regional School of Nursing
as a project to receive a contribution from
the federal government's Health Resources
Fund.
"I am pleilsed to announce that a con-
tribution of $306,744 will be made from
the Fund to the School of Nursing," said
Health Minister MacEachen. "The physical
plant these funds will provide is indicative
of the steps being taken to add to the ranks
(Comillued 011 page lOJ
SEPTEMBER 1967
..
your
Own
11ands:
-.
...
"
soft testimony to your patients' comfort
Your own hands are testimony to Dermassage's effectiveness. Applied by your
soft, practiced hands, Dermassage alleviates your patient's minor skin irritations
and discomfort. It adds a welcome, soothing touch to tender, sheet-burned
skin; relieves dryness, itching and cracking. . . aids in preventing decubitus
ulcers. In short, Dermassage is "the topical tranquilizer". , . it relaxes the patient
. . . helps make his hospital stay more pleasant.
You will like Dermassage for other reasons, too. A body rub with it saves your time
and energy. Massage is gentle, smooth and fast. You needn't follow-up with
talcum and there is no greasiness to clean away, It won't stain or soil linens or
bed-clothes. You can easily make friends with Dermassage-send for a sample!
Now available in new, 16 ounce plastic container with convenient flip-top closure.
--
""
.
.....-.
Innassap
... r-.l .
<Mtl..." ,...-p
....... ...-
MEDICATED
oon
un
e'
CMV
-th,
-
"TRAD
M"'.IC
c:iìØ LAKESIDE LABORATORIES (CANADA) LTD.
64 Colgate Avenue. Toronto e. Ontario
THE CANADIAN NURSE 9
SEPTEMBER 1967
news
(Continued from page 8)
of graduate nurses and other medical per-
sonnel responsible for attending the health
needs of Canadians."
The CornwalI Regional School of Nurs-
ing is a new educational facility for the
training of registered nurses, and is designed
to accommodate 200 students on a two-
year course. This will be folIowed by a
one-year clinical internship in the partici-
pating hospitals.
Construction of the school was begun in
May, 1966. Estimated date of completion is
January, 1968.
The federal Health Resources Fund, es-
tablished in 1966, provides $500 milIion
to support costs of constructing and equip-
ping facilities for health training and re-
search institutions in Canada. The Fund
pays up to 50 percent of the costs incurred
after January 1, 1966.
UWO Sets 1970 Deadline
For Nurses to Complete B.Se.N.
London, Ont. - Nurses holding a diplo-
ma or certificate in public health nursing,
teaching, or administration have until Oc-
tober 1970 to complete requirements for the
DANDRUFF
WARD
DANDRUFF
WARD
L ________
You won't see this in your hospital
We're not trying to fool you.
We're making a point!
That dandruff is a serious medical
problem and the only truly effective
treatment is the medical one - Selsun
by Abbott.
Selsun clears up annoying, unsight-
ly dandruff in two or three treatments.
(thoroughly effective in 92% to 95%
cases reported!).
You use it like any shampoo. Works
fast. Comes in a handy unbreakable
bottle. Leaves your hair glistening.
Really, there's no room for dandruff
in your professional or social life. Use
Selsun and get to the root of the
problem.
Precautions: Occasional sensitization
of the neck and external ear may
occur. Falling hair which may accom-
pany scalp treatment is usually due to
an impoverished or diseased condition
of the hair and scalp.
1 Slinger, W. N., and Hubbard, D. M., Treat-
ment 01 Seborrheic DermatitIs with a Shampoo
Containing Selenium DisulfIde, Arch. Dermal.
& Syph., 64:41, 1951.
*Trademork registered
eJ
Selsun-
(Selenium Sulfide Detergent SuspensIon. U.S.P.)
ABBOTT LABORATORIES LIMITED Halifax. Montreal. Toronto. Winnipeg. Vancouver
10 THE CANADIAN NURSE
bachelor of science in nursing degree at the
Univer.oity of Western Ontario.
Aocording to UWO's dean of nursing, R.
Catherine Aikin, the two original programs
leading to the B.Sc.N. degree are being
phased out. The final year of the five-year
degree program will be offered only up to
and including the 1969-70 academic year.
All diploma programs in nursing were dis-
continued at UWO in 1967.
A four-year basic program leading to the
B.Sc.N. degree was inaugurated at UWO
in 1966 to replace the five-year undergrad-
uate program. Thirty applicants have been
accepted into the fall 1967 class.
The University of Western Ontario also
offers a three-year bachelor's degree pro-
gram for registered nurses from diploma
schools of nursing, and two graduate pro-
grams in nursing. each of two academic
years in length.
Further information about the programs
offered at UWO can be obtained from the
Dean, School of Nursing, The University of
Western Ontario, London, Ontario.
Cut Vitamins in Foods
Proposes Drug Directorate
Ottawa. - The Food and Drug Direc-
torate of the Department of National
Health and Welfare has recommended that
the maximum amount of some vitamins
that may be added to a food be reduced,
says Dr. R.A. Chapman, director general
of the Directorate.
Under the proposed regulations, the addi-
tion of riboflavin, niacin and thiamine
would be halved. The intake of vitamin A
and provitamin A would remain at 2,500
International Units daily. The intake of vi-
tamin D was reduced from 800 to 400 In-
ternational Units in 1965, after studies in-
dicated that too much vitamin D in an in-
fant's diet led to a breakdown of calcium
in the bones. In excessive quantities it is
also connected with congenital heart di-
sease, and, when taken by an expectant
mother, with mental deficiency in children.
The new regulations also require that the
potency of a vitamin be expressed in terms
of a proper name, and that a list of ingre-
dients designating the actual material used
be provided. The new rules would not apply
to drugs sold only for veterinary use. New
regulations dealing with minerals and vita-
mins in veterinary products, and the addi-
tion of minerals to drugs also are proposed.
Federal Contribution Allows For
Increase in Student Enrollment
Ottawa. - Student enrolIment will be in-
creased from the current 213 to 275 at the
school of nursing of the Hotel Dieu Hospi-
tal in Quebec City. This increase was made
possible by the approval of a $99,127 con-
tribution from the federal government's
Health Resources Fund to the school of
nursing.
In announcing approval of the contribu-
SEPTEMBER 1%7
news
tion. National Health and Welfare Minister
Allan J. MacEachen said, "Like many other
schools of nursing and training hospitals
across Canada, the Hotel Dieu has had to
place certain limitations on the number of
student nurses it could accommodate due to
limited facilities. I am happy to state that,
with the assistance being provided via the
Health Resources Fund, the number of stu-
dent nurses will be increased, hospital nurs-
ing personnel will have centralized and im-
proved teaching facilities, and space in the
hospital building itself will be released for
other requirements."
The monies from the Fund will assist in
defraying costs of renovating and equipping
a three-story building near the hospital that
will completely house the school of nursing.
At present the school's facilities are located
in the hospital as well as in other buildings
in the vicinity. Space now occupied by the
school of nursing in the hospital will be
used for medical teaching purposes and the
extension of the medical library. Space for
additional beds also will be provided.
Contract for Hamilton Nurses
Provides Highest Public Health
Minimum Salary in Province
Hamilton, Ontario. - A one-year, volun-
tary collective bargaining agreement signed
June 25 by The Nurses' Association of the
Hamilton Health Association and their em-
ployer, the City of Hamilton, gives public
health nurses in Hamilton the highest min-
imum salary rate in Ontario.
The contract, which covers full-time, non-
supervisory staff, sets the minimum salary
for a public health nurse at $5,692.92. The
maximum is $6,550. The salary part of
the agreement is retroactive to February,
1967, and will be re-negotiated in February,
1968.
The new agreement also provides for a
car allowance of 12 cents per mile, with a
guaranteed minimum of $25 per month.
The Nurses' Association worked closely
with staff of the Registered Nurses' Asso-
ciation of Ontario while preparing the rec-
ommendations for the contract and during
the actual negotiations. RNAO officials ex-
pressed satisfaction with this first agreement.
Research on Two Levels
of Nurses Underway
at Winnipeg Hospital
Winnipeg. - A 20-bed experimental unit
that will permit an accurate evaluation of
the use of only two levels of nurses for
nursing care is underway at the Victoria
General Hospital in Winnipeg. Miss Helen
Heath, assistant director of nursing service,
guidance and research, reported that the unit
will test the concept of the roles and func-
SEPTEMBER 1967
tions of nurses that has been put forth by
the Canadian Nurses' Association and en-
dorsed by the Manitoba Association of Reg-
istered Nurses.
The CNA wants all nursing care to be
given by graduates of a diploma or a de-
gree program.
The unit will test the "supply concept"
and the "computer concept" as well. A
computer has been installed on the ward to
file and record all patient data. It will keep
medical records pertinent to patient care,
process and store all laboratory and x
ray
reports, OR records, admission and dis-
charge data. It also will assess the need for
ward supplies, provide a day-to-day sched-
ule of patients and personnel and assist in
determining staffing requirements, and look
after payroll and accounting infonnation.
The use of the computer will eliminate
about 80 percent of paper work done
routinely in other nursing stations.
The staffing theory being tested is that
professional people should perform those
functions that they are prepared for - and
only those functions. "Thus, nurses should
nurse," commented Miss Heath. "The other
two concepts will ensure that she has the
necessary equipment, supplies, and time to
be more concerned with clinical skills than
managerial duties."
"We have divided all ward activities into
two classifications: nursing and non-nurs-
(Continued on paRe 13)
..
f"
ust Press the Clip and It's Sealed
It takes but a moment to identify your pa-
tient, positively and permanently, with
Ident-Ä-Band. Then just a glance is all you'll
need to be sure that this is the right patient.
Ident-A-Band ØÞ
f j-IOLLIS
.
Wnte today for free
samples and hterature
160 BAV ST.. TORONTO 1
THE CANADIAN NURSE 11
'\
Most Pediatric
Urine Collectors rub
babies the wrong way. . .
this one won't!
The Sterilon PUC-! 0 pediatric urine
collector is tapered, sealed and
folded vertically rather than
horizontally. Sound like a little thing?
It makes a big difference to babies.
It means there are no rough edges
to chafe their legs; the bag rides
between their legs not against them. It
means maximum freedom of
movement, maximum comfort.
The PUC-to has a lot going for it in
other areas, too. The oval
opening means easy
application to either male
or female infants. The
foam separator keeps the
sides of the bag apart for easy flow.
The large adhesive area, which
seals at all contact points, means the
end of seepage and leakage. It
also means that sealing the bag after
removal is as easy as folding the
top over the opening. And, since the
PUC-! 0 is made of transparent
polyethylene plastic, it can be used
with a diaper without danger of
irritation or discomfort.
The PUC-to is packaged to to a box,
50 boxes to a case, and is available
in both hospital clean and sterile
versions. In addition, Sterilon also
offers the PUC-24 with a connected
- -
5"1'"erllCnl
five-foot drainage tube, designed for
continuous and accurate 24-hour
pediatric urine collection (also
provided sterile).
In short, there is a Sterilon pediatric
urine collection unit that meets the
exact specifications required for
every application. And, since all
Sterilon PUC units are completely
disposable, the danger of
cross-contamination is completely
eliminated. Our formula:
quality, safety and economy. It's
a combination you can trust.
doesn't let "disposability" interfere with "quality."
STERILON OF CANADA, LTD.! A SUBSIDIARY OFTHE GILLEITE COMPANY
news
(Cominued from page 11)
ing," said Miss Heath. 'The job description
of each staff member is based on this."
The duties of the unit coordinator com-
bine some functions of supervisor and head
nurse, except that she supervises nursing
care only and is in no way responsible for
administrative duties, supplies, or clerical
functions. She does not supervise the work
of the ward clerk.
The initial staffing pattern consisted of
a team leader on each shift, and three
general staff nurses on days, four on after-
noons, and one on nights. A new pattern
has evolved, which should result in more
effective utilization of the team leader.
Supply technicians under the direction of
a ward clerk complement the nursing
functions on all shifts. These technicians
are responsible for seeing that all necessary
equipment for the individual patient is
placed in the nursing cupboard adjacent to
the patient's room, act as auxiliary ward
personnel in preparing and cleaning equip-
ment, but never give any patient care.
Ward clerks are on duty from 8:00 A.M.
until 9:30 P.M. Their night duties are as-
sumed by the supply technicians. The ward
clerk is responsible for all clerical activities,
and, at present. processes all doctors' orders.
MOVINGl
MARRIED l
It is expected that processing of orders will
be a computer function in the new hospital.
Miss Heath reported on the unit at a
recent meeting of the CNA Nursing Service
Committee at CNA House, Ottawa.
Man and His Mind
Theme of CMHA Congress
Montreal. - Every aspect of "Man and
His Mind" came under review during the
recent four-day Congress on Mental Health
presented by the Canadian Mental Health
Association July 5-8, 1967 in Montreal.
On the first day of the Congress, Lord
Taylor of Harlow, one of the designers of
Britain's National Health Service and pres-
ident of Memorial University of Newfound-
land, discussed Man, Mental Health, and
Politics.
Lord Taylor said, "Within ten years, with
the active cooperation of your politicians
and this association. Canada can lead the
world in mental health care. You have the
energy, the humanity, and the resources to
do the job. All that is needed now is the
will to take action."
The following day, a panel of provincial
ministers of health, with moderator Dr. Fre-
deric Grunberg, Assistant Commissioner of
Mental Hygiene for New York State, dis-
cussed Man. Mental Health. and Govern-
ment. Quebec's Minister of Health, the
Honorable Jean-Paul Cloutier, outlined his
province's planned new Mental Health Act,
which will be based on a decentralization
ð
scheme. Under this scheme, regional Que-
bec hospitals will offer psychiatric services.
"The main aim of the legislation," said Dr.
Cloutier, "is to give the mental patient the
same rights as any other sick person and
give him back his dignity."
Ontario Health Minister Matthew Dy-
mond told the Congress. "I personally be-
lieve the government should be out of the
business of running hospitals." He admitted
afterward that this is not likely to happen
in his lifetime. "Ont.lrio government spend-
ing on mental health services has jumped
from $40.000.000 to $100.000,000 in the
last eight years and 60 percent of mental
patients are being cared for in provincial
institutions," the minister said.
Other topics discussed during the Con-
gress included Man. Mentdl Health, and the
Community; M:m. Mental Health. and So-
ciety; and Man. Mental Health, and Educa-
tion. Professor Ouo Klineberg, President of
the World Federation for Mental Health,
gave the final address on Man, Mental
Health, and International Affairs.
Delegates to the Congress took advant-
age of its location to visit Expo 67 during
the third afternoon.
More Studies Relate
Vitamin C, Wound Healing
Bethesda, Maryland. - Results of recent
experimental studies by U.S. National
Heart Institute scientists suggest that the
WISH AN ADJUSTMENT l
All correspondence to THE CANADIAN NURSE
should be accompanied by our most recent
address label or imprint. (Attach in space pro-
vided at right.)
---------------1
' I ATTACH CURRENT LABEL or IMPRINT HERE I
to be assured of ,
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1______---------
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vincial nurses' association?
permanent reg. no.
permanent reg. no.
PRINT NEW NAME and or ADDRESS BELOW
Miss/Mrs.
Sister/Mr.
provincial association
provincial association
city
o
Transferring registration from one provincial
nurses' association to another?
FROM:
provincial ass'n.
TO:
nome (please print)
street address
zone
province
PLEASE ALLOW SIX WEEKS FOR PROCESSING
YOUR CHANGE
The Canadian Nurse cannot guarantee back copies
unless change or interruption in delivery is reported
within six weeks!
permanent reg. no.
ADDRESS ALL INQUIRIES TO:
The Canadian Nurse, Circulation Dept.
50 The Driveway
Ottawa 4, Canada
provincial ass'n. permanent reg. no.
OTHER ADJUSTMENT REQUESTED:
SEPTEMBER 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 13
formation is uniquely dependent on a spe-
cific enzyme, collagen proline hydroxylase,
which is responsible for the synthesis of
hydroxyproline.
Studies by Drs. Emilio Mussini, John J.
Hutton, and Sidney Udenfriend of the Na-
tional Heart Institute indicate that tissues
that are rapidly synthesizing collagen have
high levels of collagen proline hydroxylase.
For example. skin and lung contain large
amounts of enzyme, while brain and kidney
contain very little. In general, rapidly
growing fetal tissues contain more enzyme
than homologous tissues from the adult
animal. Of more importance. however, is
the finding that this enzyme may play a
news
enzyme collagen proline hydroxylase is ne-
cessary for wound healing and that. in ad-
dition, vitamin C is necessary for this en-
zyme's maintenance and function.
Collagen is both one of the most abun-
dant and one of the most unusual proteins
in the animal body. It is found in large
amounts in such important connective tis-
sues as tendon. cartilage, bone. and skin.
Collagen is unusual in that it is the only
protein which contains the amino acid hy-
droxyproline. For this reason. collagen
ONE-STEP PREP
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with
FLEET ENEM
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FLEET ENEMA's fast prep time obsoletes soap and
water procedures. The enema does not require warm-
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ordeal of injecting large quantities of fluid into the
bowel, and the possibility of water intoxication.
The patient should preferably be lying on the left side
with the knees flexed, or in the knee-chest position.
Once the protective cap has been removed, and thf'
prelubricated anatomically correct rectal tube gentl;
inserted. simple manual pressure on the containet
does the rest! Care should be taken to ensure that
w_
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minutes, with little or no mucosal irritation, pain or
spasm. If a patient is dehydrated or debilitated,
hypertonic solutions such as FLEET ENEMA, must
be administered with caution. Repeated use at short
intervals is to be avoided. Do not administer to children
under six months of age unless directed by a physician.
And afterwards, no scrubbing, no sterilisation, no
preparation for re-use. The complete FLEET ENEMA
unit is simply discarded!
Every special plastic "squeeze-bottle" contains 4 J /z
fl. oz. of precisely formulated solution, so that the
adult dose of 4 fl. oz. can be easily expelled. A patented
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14 THE CANADIAN NURSE
crucial role in such poorly understood phe-
nomena as wound healing and vitamin C
deficiency or scurvy.
In Heart Institute studies, young rats
were wounded surgically and the amount of
enzyme present in the wound was determin-
ed every day for three weeks. For the first
three days proline hydroxylase levels in the
wound remained normal. Then, suddenly, on
the fourth day, the amount of collagen pro-
line hydroxylase in the wound rose rapidly
- stabilizing for several days and then de-
clining. Changes in enzyme level were clear-
ly associated with collagen formation and
wound healing. Areas of the body that had
not been wounded contained normal
amounts of enzyme. This finding represents
the first abrupt, highly specific. localized
enzymic change reported during the healing
of wounds.
In a related series of experiments, it was
found that tissues of vitamin C deficient
guinea pigs contain less proline hydroxylase
than tissues of normal guinea pigs.
Wounds heal poorly in such animals as
they do in vitamin C deficient human
beings. It has been previously reported by
others that the administration of vitamin
C to patients after surgery promotes the
healing of wounds. The Heart Institute stu-
dies suggest reasons for all of these obser-
vations. The enzyme, collagen proline hy-
droxylase, is necessary for wound healing
and vitamin C is necessary for its main-
tenance and function.
The work was reported at the April meet-
ings of the Federation of American Socie-
ties for Experimental Biology.
New Brunswick Hospital
Receives Grant
Ottawa. - National Health and Weltare
Minister Allan J. MacEachen recently ap-
proved a federal construction grant of
$76,000 for the Saint John General Hospi-
tal in Saint John, New Brunswick.
The grant will assist costs of a major ren-
ovation program that includes a gynecolo-
gy department to be constructed in space
formerly occupied by an unused nursery,
the expansion of the inhalation therapy de-
partment by adding a cardiorespiratory
unit, enlargement of a number of nursing
stations. and changes in the autopsy room.
Expected completion date for the renova-
tions is April, 1968.
New Controlled Childbirth
Classes Started in Vancouver
Vancouver. - Pilot classes on the psy-
choprophylactic method of childbirth are
being conducted in Vancouver. according
to Mrs. R. Brodie, area secretary of the
National Childbirth Trust.
The classes are based on the psychopro-
phylactic method developed in Russia dur-
ing the Second World War and popularized
by French obstetrician Dr. Fernand La-
maze.
SEPTEMBER 1967
news
The method is based on learned re-
sponses to stimuli leading to conditioned
reflex actions. Mrs. Erna Wright, a British
mid-wife and mother, has recently toured
Canada and the United States on behalf of
the NationaJ Childbirth Trust to publicize
the method.
Expectant mothers attend eight weekly
classes during the last two months of preg-
nancy, where they are taught correct, dis-
ciplined responses to the sensations of child-
birth, learning and practicing until the reac-
tions are routine or reflex. Training includes
control of muscles and proper breathing
during labor. The method aims to reduce
pain of childbirth, and increase the mother's
self-control.
During May, Mrs. Wright conducted two
seminars in Vancouver, attended by case-
room nurses, public health nurses, physio-
therapists and doctors. The classes were
begun at the request of an obstetrician.
They are open to patients referred by doc-
tors and interested professional people in-
vited by NCf.
Mrs. Wright's North American Tour in-
cluded eight American cities, as well as
Vancouver and Toronto.
delegates. The keynote address will be del-
ivered by the executive director of Sex In-
formation and Education Council of the
United States, Dr. Mary Calderone.
School of Nursing Joins
University of Montreal
Montreal. - The integration of L'lnstitut
Marguerite d'Vouville into the University of
Montreal. was made official on June I,
1967, when buildings recently erected on
the campus were acquired by the University.
The faculty of nursing will transfer its
headquarters to the University campus.
The faculty, which includes 32 full-time
professors, plans to abolish the one-year
speciaJization course leading to certification,
but to continue the four-year basic bacca-
laureate program and the baccalaureate pro-
gram for registered nurses. At the master's
level, specialization will be offered in nurs-
ing administration and education. with a
third option, psychiatry, expected to be
ready by September, 1968.
A special grant of $15,000 will enable the
faculty to enlarge its library, which present-
ly contains 3,000 volumes. Two librarians
will be hired.
(Continued on paRe 17)
Industrial Medical Center
Opened in Hamilton
Hamilton. - One of the most modern
and complete industrial medical centers in
Canada was opened recently in Hamilton by
Dominion Foundries and Steel Limited, aC-
cording to Dr. R.H. Martin. medical direc-
tor of the center. "Our main task here."
said Dr. Martin, "is in the field of preven-
tive medicine."
Annual checkups will be given to all em-
ployees of the company at the $700,000 cen-
ter, which is equipped for tests on vision.
hearing, blood and heart conditions. Also
available is equipment for minor surgery.
A full-time staff of 25, including two
doctors, nurses, technicians, first aid men,
and a physiotherapist, are employed by the
center.
Ortho Sponsors Symposium
On Sex Education
Toronto. - A symposium on sex educa-
tion will be held at the Royal York Hotel
in Toronto on Saturday, September 23 for
those involved in any aspect of education
or counseling.
Theme of the one-day meeting, sponsored
by Ortho Pharmaceutical (Canada) Limited,
is "Family Life Planning - A Community
Responsibility." Educators, doctors, clergy-
men. social workers, and others concerned
with family life education have been invited
from across Canada.
The Honorable William Davis, Minister
of Education for Ontario, will welcome the
SEPTEMBER 1967
SUPPORT YOUR UNITED FUND
IT SUPPORTS THE VON
"She was six years old and she was
diabetic. One morning she telephoned
the office to report that her test was the
wrong color and could 'her nurse' come
to see her."
In this way, a nurse of the Victorian
Order opens a story about home treat-
ment and training of a young diabetic
_ one of many "success" stories about
Canadians of all ages that can be credit-
ed to this remarkable organization. Ca-
nada's Victorian Order of Nurses, which
now serves through 108 branches across
Canada. is well known to most of us.
We recognize the smart blue uniforms,
the staff cars, the clear-eyed young
women hurrying into homes in every
part of the town. But not many of us
know exactly what stories lie behind
those doors. Here, from the YON's files
is one of them.
The little diabetic girl first came to
the attention of the Victorian Order liai-
son nurse while she was making her
scheduled rounds at the local hospital.
From the head nurse on the ward, she
collected clinical data. notes on the
child's progress in hospital. characteris-
tics of the family, and the physician's
written instructions, and forwarded this
information to the VON office. The file
was passed to the VON district nurse,
who decided to begin working with the
family before the child was discharged
from hospital. There were two problems:
both parents left home early each day
for work; who, then, would give the in-
sulin injection? There was also a lan-
guage difficulty, the nurse knew, and
there were many things she had to teach
the family.
The first home visit was arranged for
an afternoon when the nurse could meet
the family as a group. A ten-year-old
brother, who had a "wonderful combi-
nation of charm, intelligence and eager-
ness," and who had mastered English to
perfection, became the interpreter for
the nurse and the family. By the time
the little girl had arrived home, the fam-
ily had a much better understanding of
the problems of a diabetic. They pro-
ceeded with confidence, with each mem-
ber undertaking a share of the respons-
ibility. The little girl herself. with super-
vision. carried out the daily morning
test. She kept a record of the results by
drawing a smiling face when the color
was right. Her brother and her mother
were taught to give the insulin injection.
The grandmother, who lived with the
family. learned to alter her European
cooking habits when necessary so that
appropriate nutrition could be assured.
After two weeks of visiting. the nurse
felt satisfied that the family would no
longer need her assistance. Before clos-
ing the case she got in touch with the
little girl's teacher and the nurse at the
school. so that adequate account could
be taken of the problem there. too. But
the nurse was "on call," as the beginning
of our story indicates, to check on pro-
gress and give reassuranse when needed.
Such a story typifies the home visiting
work of this agency, which is supported
by most of Canada's 140 united funds,
united appeals. and community chests.
The patients that the VON is called
upon to serve may range from the ap-
parently helpless cripple, who with pro-
per care and the cooperation of other
rehabilitation agencies can be helped
back to il fuller life, to the diabetic who
needs help in adjusting to new condi-
tions and whose family needs some
training in the new life, too.
The essence of the work of the VON
is the flexibility and speed with which it
can act, and the fact that it can bring
skilled professional care right into the
patient's home when it is needed. regard-
less of ability to pay. Such service is
m3de possible largely through the gene-
rosity of thousands of Canadians
through their gifts, once a year, to the
united appeals in their communities. The
VON's splendid achievements deserve,
through them, our continued support.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 15
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news
(Continued from page 15)
Center for Mentally III Children
To be Developed in Sudbury
Tororrto. - The early development in
Sudbury of a regional diagnostic and treat-
ment center for children suffering from
mental and emotional disorders has been
announced by Dr. Matthew Dymond, min-
ister of health for Ontario.
The center will provide outpatient, day
care, and inpatient services for mentally ill
and mentally retarded children. Those with
related disabilities. such as perceptual de-
fects and other specific disorders, also will
be treated.
Dr. Dymond has urged that the Sudbury
center, one of eight under development in
the province, be developed as soon as pos-
sible to provide additional services for chil-
dren in this section of the province. Due to
the special nature of the services to be pro-
vided in this region, the provincial govern-
ment will assume reasonable costs of capital
development, and will underwrite operating
costs.
Other centers will be established at Ot-
tawa, Kingston, Toronto, Hamilton. Lon-
don, Windsor, and Port Arthur.
Facts about
Registered
Nurses in
Canada
Source:
Research Unit,
Canadian Nurses'
Association,
1967
SEPTEMBER 1967
Vanier Institute Launches
Family Life Education Study
Ottawa. - Encouraged by mounting in-
terest from across the country, the Vanier
Institute of the Family has launched a ma-
jor study project on family life education
in Canada.
In announcing the project, Stewart Sut-
ton, secretary-general of the Institute. said
that the term family life education referred
to the activity of any group or medium of
mass communication aimed at providing in-
formation and opportunity for people to
approach their present and future family
relations with greater understanding and
sense of responsibility.
"On a more theoretical level, the study
should contribute to our understanding of
problems faced in family life and to our
knowledge of the many institutions and vol-
untary groups that are concerned with fam-
ily relationships and family well-being," Mr.
Sutton said.
The first phase of the project will be a
survey of all groups in Canada active in
family life education, including religious,
health, government, labor, educational, rec-
reational, consumer, and welfare. Consulta-
tions also will be held with representatives
of the education departments of each prov-
ince. The study will seek to obtain informa-
tion of the activities and goals of the
groups, the regions covered and the types
of people to whom the activities are di-
rected.
Also included in the first phase will be
a review of activities in schools and the
regular features of newspapers, magazines,
radio and television. No auempt will be
made in this first phase to evaluate or
judge the content of any programs.
Later phases of the study will focus on
the attitudes and concerns of the public re-
garding possible family life education acti-
vities. Detailed studies will be made in coo-
peration with leaders and participants in ex-
isting programs, along with an analysis of
the actual influence of such programs on
family life.
Research for the project is being directed
by Dr. Frederick Elkin of the Department
of Sociology, York University, Toronto.
ICN Announces Vacancies
On Executive Staff
GeneVlJ. - The International Council of
Nurses is inviting applications for two fu-
ture vacancies on the executive staff at
ICN headquarters.
The position of nurse adviser is open to
men and women who are registered nurses
in their own country, and members of an
ICN member organization. The candidate
must give evidence of post-basic nursing
education and professional experience, and
(Continued on page 19)
Educational Qualifications
The graph shows the highest educational qualification of
the 82,517 nurses who were employed in nursing in 1966.
In addition, there were 30,349 nurses who were either not
employed in nursing (24,638), or who did not indicate
their employment status (5,711). Of this number, 1,000
held a bachelor's degree, 66 a master's degree, and 4 a
doctoral degree.
Academic degree: 4,323 (5.2%)
Bachelor's degree
3,922
Master's degree
383
Doctoral degree
18
Some post-basic
credits toward a
bachelor's degree: 7,814 (9.5%)
THE CANADIAN NURSE 17
leads the \Nay...
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garment is painstakingly manufactured to assure
the finest value, style and wearability.
Convertible collar. Action back for easy move-
ment. Set in belt. "Klikit" snaps in skirt.
TERYLENE TAFFETA
Style 2218 Retails about $13.98
SANFORIZED PLUS
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Style 4018 Retails about $10.98
SIZES 10 TO 20 and 14'12 to 24'12
This and other styles available at uniform shops
and department stores across Canada.
PROFESSIONAL UNIFORMS
For the store nearest you, write:
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4530 Clark St.,
Montreal, Quebec
Tel: 845-5273
I news
(Continued from page 17)
be willing to travel widely on behalf of the
organization. Fluency in English is essen-
tial and a sound knowledge of a second
European language, preferably French, is
desirable.
Applicants for the position of editor of
the Intemational Nursing Review, the offi-
cial journal of the ICN, should have pre-
vious experience in the editorial aspects of
magazine production. It would be an ad-
vantage for applicants to be nurses. Com-
plete mastery of English is required, and a
working knowledge of French would be an
asset.
Application forms and further particulars
may be obtained by writing to the Execu-
tive Director at ICN Headquarters, P.O.
Box 42, 1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland.
Completed application forms should be re-
turned to ICN Headquarters not later than
October 31, 1967.
New Equipment at Sacré-Coeur
First in North America
Hull.-L'Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur in Hull,
Quebec, is the first in North America to
use Télévix, a new type of radiodiagnosis
equipment made by Phillips Electronics. It
uses closed circuit television as well as re-
mate control, and is more precise and fast-
er than traditional radioscopy devices.
It is also very compact, comprising an
Children's Gift to Pakistan
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A midwife leaves a maternity and child welfare center in the Karachi area
of Pakistan to make a home call. Her kit of basic delivery tools was provided
by the United Nations Children's Fund, as was equipment for a Children's
Hospital in Karachi, training centers in four Pakistani cities, and nearly 350
rural clinics. Through UNICEF, Canadian children help their less fortunate
friends around the world by collecting funds in an annual Halloween drive,
to be conducted as usual this year on October 31.
entirely mechanized table. Manipulations to
obtain the desired angulation for various
exposures are done by remote control.
The negative is impressed by a single
tube above the table which makes it pos-
sible to photograph from all angles. The
distance between the focus and the film
is fixed.
Institute on Intensive Care Nursing
I
I
1
,- -
'"
t
\ I
I ,
One day of a special one-week institute on intensive care nursing held at the
Joseph Brant Memorial Hospital, Burlington, Ontario, was devoted to dis-
cussion on the feelings and needs of patients, relatives, and staff. Role playing
was one method of teaching used throughout the institute. The picture shows
a "head nurse" in the unit reassuring distraught relatives. Nursing staff em-
ployed on the intensive care unit planned, conducted, and presented the insti-
tute, with medical staff assisting in some of the formal presentations.
SEPTEMBER 1967
Filming takes place 0.8 seconds after the
localization by televised fluoroscopy, which
eleminates the risk of error.
This equipment makes possible zonogra-
phies and tomographies during investiga-
tion. Risks of radiation for the patient and
personnel also are minimized. The operat-
ing room has been equipped with a 360 0
televised fluoroscopy device that makes cer-
tain surgical interventions safer and faster.
Alberta Nurse First Recipient
of K.E. MacLaggan Fellowship
Ottawa. - An Alberta nurse, Shirley
Marie Stinson, is the first recipient of the
newly established Dr. Katherine E. Mac-
Laggan Fellowship. The fellowship, to be
awarded annually in memory of the late
president of the Canadian Nurses' Associa-
tion, was authorized by the Board of Dir-
ectors of the Canadian Nurses' Foundation,
acting on a recommendation from the CNA
Board of Directors.
Dr. MacLaggan was a charter member
and an energetic promoter of the Canadian
Nurses' Foundation.
Miss Stinson was awarded the Fellowship
of $4,500 for study toward her doctor of
education degree at Teachers College, Col-
umbia University, New York. She holds her
B.Sc.N. from the University of Alberta and
her master's in nursing administration from
the University of Minneapolis. She has
held positions in public health, hospital and
university nursing in Alberta and Ontario.
On completion of her studies, Miss Stin-
son will return to the faculty of the Univer-
sity of Alberta School of Nursing. 0
THE CANADIAN NURSE 19
names
Helen Lipton, a
native of New York,
recently joined the
staff of Bloorview
Children's Hospital,
Toronto, as director
of nursing. A gradu-
ate of Beth Israel
Hospital, Newark,
New Jersey, Mrs.
Lipton also attended Ohio State University
where she obtained her bachelor of science
in education degree. In 1962 she received
her M.S. in rehabilitation from Boston
University.
Her appointment at Bloorview Children's
Hospital is a first for Mrs. Lipton, whose
career until now has centered in the United
States. Immediately following her gradu-
ation from Ohio State University, she
worked in New York City as supervisor
with the National Youth Administration,
and later as a staff nurse in public health
with the Brooklyn Nurses' Association.
In 1960 she moved to Boston as clinical
instructor in medical-surgical nursing at
Beth Israel Hospital and the following
year went to the school of nursing at Bos-
ton University as an instructor in reha-
bilitation nursing. In 1964 she moved again,
this time to Newton. Massachusetts, as re-
habilitation field representative at SI.
Paul's Rehabilitation Center.
Immediately prior to her present appoint-
ment, Mrs. Lipton spent a year in Chicago
as nursing administrator at the Department
of Mental Health. Illinois State Hospital.
Janette Blue re-
cently joined the staff
of the New Bruns-
wick Association of
Registered Nurses as
employment relations
office r.
Mrs. Blue was born
and educated in Fife,
Scotland. She gradu-
ated from SI. Andrew's University with a
master's degree in English and history, and
a diploma in education. After graduation
she taught for a year, and in 1956 moved
to Fredericton, where she undertook supply
teaching for one year.
In 1965 she became personnel officer at
Victoria Public Hospital in Fredericton, a
position she held until accepting her pres-
ent post in June.
Mrs. Blue will be concerned with the
social and economic welfare of nurses in
the province of New Brunswick.
""
20 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Sister Lucien de
Jésus, member of the
Sisters of Providence,
recently was appoint-
ed general director
and superior of the
Sacred Heart Hospital
in Hull, Quebec. A
native of Montreal,
Sister graduated from
the school of Nursing at Sacred Heart Hos-
pital. where she was named director of the
program of studies and of the school of
nursing in 1950. In 1958 she was appointed
superior at St-Joseph Hospital in Lachine,
:md in 196 I. provincial of the Sisters of
Providence in Montreal.
Shortly after receiving her new appoint-
ment, Sister Lucien de Jésus became a
member of the Association of Hospital Ad-
ministrators of Quebec.
......
....
\
Janet Alison McKensie, a graduate of
the school of nursing at SI. Paul's Hos-
pital, Saskatoon, has been appointed as-
sistant director of the St. Clair Regional
School of Nursing in Sarnia. Director of
the new school is Una Ridley.
Miss McKenzie obtained her bachelor of
science in nursing degree from the Univer-
sity of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, in 1964.
She worked as a staff nurse for one year
at SI. Paul's Hospital before becoming a
clinical instructor and head nurse at Ed-
monton General Hospital, where she stayed
for four years. After receiving her B.S.N.,
she was a nursing instructor for two years
at the school of nursing at the Sarnia Gen-
eral Hospital in Sarnia, Ontario.
The school is scheduled to open this fall
and already one-half of the 45 member
class has enrolled.
Verna M. Huffman,
formerly consultant in
public health nursing
in the federal govern-
ment's Health Ser-
vices Branch, has
been appointed nurs-
ing adviser to the De-
puty Minister of Na-
tional Health.
A graduate of the Peterborough Civic
Hospital, the University of Toronto, and
Teachers College, Columbia University,
Miss Huffman was a staff nurse with the
Victorian Order of Nurses before joining
the Department of National Health and
Welfare in 1947 as consultant in public
health nursing.
She spent two years in the West Indies
and British Guiana as a public health nurs-
ing consultant for the World Health Organ-
ization, on loan from the Department. In
1966 she toured Libya as part of a WHO
team requested by their government to
plan public health services for that country.
Miss Huffman assumed her duties July
IS, 1967.
Rollande Gagné, dir-
ector of the depart-
ment of nursing edu-
cation at Notre Dame
l- ...
Hospital in Montreal,
recently completed
publication of a 156-
page book, L'hom-
me sain ou malade,
which she has been
preparing for the past two and one-half
years. The first book of its kind written
by a French Canadian, it is also the first
volume of the new Intermonde publishing
house, founded and directed by Miss Ga-
gné. Editions Intermonde was formed to
provide French Canadian textbooks in the
health field, and to give members of
the health profession in Canada the oppor-
tunity to publish their work.
Miss Gagné is expected to publish the
writings of four Or five French Canadian
nurses and doctors in the near future.
A graduate of Notre Dame Hospital,
Miss Gagné obtained a diploma in ex-
perimental psychology and education as
well as bachelors' degrees in both nursing
science and education from the University
of Montreal. She received bursaries from
the federal and provincial governments to
take special courses in psychiatry at the
Catholic University of Washington and is
presently studying law at McGill.
Prior to her present position, Miss Gag-
né taught in the school of nursing at
the same hospital.
The new assistant director at the Sarnia
General Hospital School of Nursing is
Helen Louise Field, a native of Brantford,
Ontario. Mrs. Field graduated from the
school of nursing of Brantford General
Hospital and obtained her diploma in nurs-
ing education and administration from the
University of Toronto School of Nursing.
She held various positions at the Brant-
ford General Hospital, including that of
assistant director of nursing, which she
held for two years prior to becoming a
head nurse at the Sarnia General Hospital.
Immediately prior to her present appoint-
ment, Mrs. Field was clinical instructor at
the hospital for four years.
SEPTEMBER 1967
--..,
names
-
Dorothy M. Dent was forced to retire in
1961. A victim of Parkinson's disease. she
was no longer able to retain the position as
nursing counselor that she had held for 17
years in the Civil Service Health Division
of the Department of National Health and
Welfare. The past six years have been busy
ones for Miss Dent, who says, "I fill each
day very thoroughly." Now, the book that
she has been working on for the past two
years has been published.
Called Self Help, Parkinson's Disease,
the book was "long in the making, but the
end result was what I wanted," said Miss
Dent. "It is compact and condensed, with
a bit of my humor."
A graduate of the Ottawa Civic Hospital
School of Nursing, Dorothy Dent took a
postgraduate course in physiotherapy before
she left nursing for a few years to become
an insurance broker. When World War II
broke out, she returned to nursing and
served with the Fifth Casualty Clearing Sta-
tion, RCAMC. On her return to Canada
after the War, she studied public health
nursing at the University of Ottawa. By
this time, the disease that had begun some
years earlier was causing physical symp-
toms. In 1958 she underwent brain surgery
at Notre Dame Hospital in Montreal. The
operation arrested many of the parkinsonian
symptoms for the next few years.
Since retiring, Miss Dent has written ar-
ticles for Weekend Magazine and has been
a sort of "one man army helping people
with Parkinson's disease."
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At the beginning of
July, Sarah Peten re-
turned to the Congo
to assume the posi-
tion of head nurse
and midwife at the
Pay-Kongila Mater-
nity Hospital. She
also will be respon-
sible for organizing
Nurses' Training School
and directing the
there.
Miss Peters held various positions in the
Congo previous to her present ones. Among
them were positions as head nurse, mid-
wife, instructor, and director of the Medical
Institute at Kajiji, Congo.
A graduate of the St. Boniface School
of Nursing, Miss Peters also studied at
Antwerp Tropical Medicine Institute, St.
Pierre Hospital in Bruxelles, M.B. Bible
College, and the University of Saskat-
chewan, where she received a diploma for
teaching in schools of nursing. She speaks
German, English, French, and Kituba
fluently.
The trip is sponsored by the Mennonite
Brethren Board of Missions and Services.
SEPTEMBER 1967
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THE SECRET
IS IN THE
Atd
I'ltJo&
it moulds itself to the shape of your
foot curve for curve, giving evenly
distributed buoyant support where it
is needed.
Conventional Insoles Cradle Arch Insole
But that's not all:
. Until now, shoes were made to fit
only the length and width of the
foot. Now White Cross scientific
3-W A Y FIT ensures perfect
fit around the girth too.
LENGTH WIDTH C"RTH
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.
. All White Cross Shoes are
HY-GE-NIC for added comfort
and protection.
. Up to 6 FITTINGS are avail-
able on most styles.
Uff
PROFESSIONAL
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A BEAUTIFUL WAY TO BE COMFORTABLE.
FLORENCE
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At better shoe stores across Canada.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 21
some nurses call it the P APER TAPE
physicians call it the NON-IRRITATING TAPE
patients call it the COMFORTABLE TAPE
"
MICRO PORE Surgical Tape
The only microporous tape.
Nurses find it ideal for routine dressing and bandaging. Its
unique lIlicroporous construction permits unequalled evap-
oration of perspiration. Maceration is prevented and dress-
ings do not sweat off. MICROPORE Tape is so thin, airy,
lightweight it looks and feels paper thin. It unwinds freely,
doesn't tangle, tears off easily. And with MICROPORE
Tape, valuable time is not lost from daily rounds because
of messy adhesive residue to clean up after removal, or tape
burn to be treated.
Physicians appreciate the notable freedom from skin sensi-
tization and irritation even in tape-sensitive patients. Total
microporosity permits underlying skin to function in a nOr-
mal manner. Unlike other adhesive tapes, MICROPORE
Surgical Tape is X-ray clear.
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Your patients are more comfortable with lighter, cooler,
less bulky dressings. Their convalescence is not complicated
by distressing skin reactions. And there is no apprehension
at the prospect of "inching off" Or sudden "shock removal."
MICROPORE Tape peels off painlessly without pulling
hairs.
No other tape has been reportcd in the literature so exten-
sively or so favorably. (1) Depaulis, J.: La PreSse Médicale 72:841,
1964. (2) Golden, T.: Am. J. Surg. 100:789, 1960. (3) Hu, F., et al.: J.
Invesl. Dermal. 37:409, 1961. (4) Weisman, P. A.: Brit. J. Plastic Surg.
16:379, 1963. (5) Valentin.: Gazelle Méd. de France 71:1430, 1964. (6)
Murray, P. J. 8.: Brit. Med. J. 2:1030, Oct. 26, 1963.
3M Medical Products, P.O. Box 2757, London, Canada.
or leading Surgical Suppliers in your area.
medical Products 3m
P.O. 2757 LONDON. CANADA
22 THE CANADIAN NURSE
SEPTEMBER 1967
dates
September 11-22, 1967
The Saskatchewan Human Relations
Institute, sponsored by the Human
Relations Council (Saskatchewan).
For further information write: The
Human Relations Council, 42 Lamont
Crescent, Regina, Saskatchewan.
September 15-17, 1967
70th Anniversary, Aberdeen
Hospital School of Nursing,
New Glasgow, Nova Scotia. Write:
Mrs. Allison MacCulloch, R.R.;;::2,
New Glasgow, Pictou Co.,
Nova Scotia.
September 19-22, 1967
10th Conference on Mental
Retardation. Chateau Frontenac,
Quebec City. For further information,
write: Mrs. D.M. Scott, National
Conference Chairman, 281 Huron
Street, London, Ontario.
September 23, 1967
Ortho symposium on sex education
for those involved in education or
counselling. Royal York Hotel,
Toronto, 9 a.m. to 5:30 p.m.
Late September, 1967
The Saskatoon City Hospital
graduates in Eastern Ontario are
planning a reunion in St. Catharines,
Ontario. Would graduates of the
school in Eastern Canada please
send names, year of graduation, and
addresses to : Miss Ruth Schinbein,
West Lincoln Memorial Hospital,
Grimsby, Ontario.
October 4-5, 1967
Association of Canadian Medical
Colleges, Twenty-fifth Annual
Meeting, Skyline Hotel, Ottawa,
Ontario.
October 8-11,1967
Community Planning Association of
Canada, Centennial Year National
Planning Conference, Ottawa.
October 19-21, 1967
First reunion of graduates of the
McGill School for Graduate Nurses,
Montreal. For further information
write Moyra Allen, Acting President
of the Alumnae Association, School
for Graduate Nurses, 3618 University
Street, Montreal 2, P.Q.
October 24, 1967
Joint annual meetings of Canadian
Heart Foundation and the Canadian
SEPTEMBER 1967
Cardiovascular Society for nurses
involved with coronary care units.
Queen Elizabeth Hotel, Montreal.
October 24-27, 1967
Regional Workshop for Directors of
Nursing Service in Hospitals.
Conducted by the Canadian Nurses'
Association. Location: School of
Nursing, Regina General Hospital,
Regina, Saskatchewan.
October 21, 1967
Eleventh Annual Symposium on
Rehabilitation, sponsored by
Rehabilitation Foundation for the
Disabled and Ontario Society for
Crippled Children, Inn-on-the-Park,
Toronto. Write: Dr. D.A. Gibson,
Suite 1028, 123 Edward St.,
Toronto 2, Ontario.
October 21-22,1967
60th Anniversary Reunion, Holy
Cross Hospital School of Nursing,
Calgary, Alberta.
October 21-22, 1967
Catholic Hospital Conference of
Ontario, annual meeting, King
Edward Hotel, Toronto.
October 22-25, 1967
Ontario Hospital Association, Annual
Meeting, Royal York Hotel, Toronto.
October 25-27, 1967
Annual Convention of Alberta
Hospital Association, Northern
Alberta Jubilee Auditorium,
Edmonton.
November 7-9, 1967
9th Annual Meeting Operating Room
Nurses of Montreal. To be held at
Skyline Hotel, 6050 Côte de Liesse,
Montreal, P.Q.
November 16-17, 1967
ANPQ Annual Meeting, Chateau
Frontenac, Quebec City.
December 4-6, 1967
First Canadian Conference on
Hospital-Medical Staff Relations,
sponsored jointly by the Canadian
Medical Association, Canadian
Hospital Association, Canadian
Nurses' Association, Seigniory Club,
Montebello, Quebec.
July, 1968
Canadian Nurses' Association
General Meeting, to be held in
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
Reeveð Nwnt Poo
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Preferred by Nurses f verywhere!
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ANN COHN. L.P. N.
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largest.selhng among nurses 1 Superb hfetlme quahty
smooth rounded edges . featherweight, hes flat
deeply engraved, and lacquered Snow whIte plastic wIll
not yellow. SatISfactIon guaranteed GROUP DISCOUNTS.
SMART lOR Order 2 Identical (same name) Pins at discount
prices, as prec.aution against loss and W,th 1 IonO With 2 iono,
added convemence (less changing). 10Uor,ng 10Uorong
1 Pm only
2 Identical
.60'
1.00 .
.90'
1.60'
1 Pm only
2 Idenhcal
1.25 .
2.00'
1.55 .
2.60'
* IMPORTANT PJ.
sr add 2Sc per order handling cl1argf on all orders of
] I)ms or less GROUP DISCOUNTS: 2599 pms. 5%; 100 or more, I
BRAND NEW! ..!-,-, 1: ac tl
Remove and refasten cap' .I} p -'e
band Instantly for launder. va
Ing Dr replacement I Tiny 6 Cap $ 1 ."
moldod black plas',e 'ae. ND. Tae, _
damty gold cadeuceus 200 Dnlv ..
CROSS Pen and Pencil
World lamous Cross writing mstruments WlttJ
Sculptured Caduceus Emblem Llletlme guarantee
12 Jl!1 COlt' FillED WS'RDUS (I-IPD'.
[
Pencil
Pon
So,
No. 6603 $8.00
No. 6602 8 00
No 660] ]6.00
NO. 3503 $5.00
NO.3502 5.00
No.350] ]0.00
ZIPPû Lighter wnË
eus lJj
Famous llppc. ctJrome flmstJ, engraved green and :-::..
yellow Caduceus Lifetime .'FIII. It Free" Guarantee 1
No. ]610 Lighter 6.00 ea. ppd.
Waterproof NURSES WATCH
. SWISS made, raised Silver lull numerals. lumm mark-
. . Ings Red.tlpped sweep second tJand, chrome stamless
\{ case Stainless expanSIOn band plus FREE black leather
strap. I Y' guarantee
No. 06-925 12.95 ea. ppd.
o
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Slo
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in steel Guaranteed to stay sharp 2 years
No. 13728 Sho... 2.00 ea. ppd.
TO REEVES COMPANY, ÃtUeboro, Mass. 02703 U.S.A.
I
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I
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I City. . . - - . . . - - . - . .State. . . _ _ _ . . . .lIp . - . .. I
I D Send Complete Nurses Items Catalog I
L_________________________
THE CANADIAN NURSE 23
Please send 1 Pin .J 2 Pins (same name) I
STYLE NO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . as shown above
METAL FINISH (1000' 1691. OGold ,S,lver
LETTERING COLOR ,Black :J Dark Blue
2nd Line . . . . ..
ITEM
QUANT. PRICE
Opiates, radiation therapy,
oral contraceptives, motion,
ver ·
0, anesthesia and
ant iotics. . .
"-
"
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there are so many reasons to remember
Gravol
Gravol (dimenhydrinate) available as: Gravol Tablets, 50 mg.; Gravol Capsules, 25 mg., for immediate
release, 50 mg., in sustained release form; Gravol Suppositories, 100 mg.; Gravol Paediatric Sup-
positories, 50 mg.; Gravol liquid, 45 mg., per tablespoonful; Gravol Ampoules (5 cc.) 10 mg. per cc.;
Gravol Vial (30 cc.) 10 mg. per cc.; Gravol i/m (5 cc.) 50 mg. per cC. Full informafion available on request.
FRANK W. HORNER LIMITED. MONTREAL, CANADA
24 THE CANADIAN NURSE
SEPTEMBER 1967
new products
{
Descriptions are based on information
supplied by the manufacturer and are
provided only as a service to readers.
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Medi-Prep
(MARKET FORGE)
Description - Recent improvements to
the Medi-Prep Medicine Station include ad-
ded flexibility, increased storage and work
space, and improved narcotics/hypnotics
cabinet. It is available with choice of re-
movable tiered shelves or adjustable flat
shelves. The MP4 with three adjustable
shelves is designed for use with individual
compartment molded plastic trays and is
also ideal for use with strip packaging and
unit dose medication systems since the shelf
spacing may be varied in 112" increments
to adapt to any size dispensers.
The MP4 Narcotics/Hypnotics cabinet is
larger and has more shelves. The large cab-
inet is located at eye level. An outer lock-
ed door secures the hypnotics section. A
second inner door with separate key secures
the narcotics locker, with two adjustable
shelves. Two bright red warning lights at
the front of the Medi-Prep remain illumi-
nated until both narcotic cabinet doors are
locked.
The MP4's under-counter storage space
also .has been increased. Medi-Prep is avail-
able in three sizes and is manufactured in
Canada. For additional information and
new brochure, write to Market Forge Can-
ada Ltd., Room 2604, 800 Place Victoria.
Montreal 3, Quebec.
SEPTEMBER 1967
Catalog Available
A catalog showing a complete line of
restraints and safety devices recently has
been released by the Humane Restraint
Company. This new bulletin shows al\ of
the units, and gives complete specifications,
sizes, materials, and suggested uses. Includ-
ed in the catalog are descriptions of wrist-
lets and anklets for every possible use:
operating table, obstetrics, light weight max-
imum security. A complete line of conduc-
tive nylon and cotton webbing safety belts,
as well as shoulder-chest and waist belts,
also are described.
The catalog would be a handy reference
bulletin as it is concise and detailed. For
free copies write to: Humane Restraint
Co. Box 16, 824 E. Johnson St., Madison,
Wis. 53207, U.S.A.
Silastic Catheter
(DOW CORNING)
Description - A flexible, translucent,
mushroom-head silicone elastomer catheter
for prolonged or permanent indwelIing
drainage following cystostomies and ne-
phrostomies. The Silastic medical-grade ca-
theter is designed with a flared distal end
for easy attachment to standard drainage
connectors, and a proximal end that fea-
tures a three-flute mushroom-shaped head.
The catheter's non wetting, silicone elas-
tomer surface minimizes encrustation arising
from urinary calculi, assuring long-term
patency. In addition, its nonirritating, non-
adherent properties further contribute to
patient comfort.
Further information may be obtained by
writing Dow Corning Silicones Limited, I
Tippet Rd., Downsview, P.O., Metropolitan
Toronto, Ontario.
Hoyer Patient Lifter
(EVEREST 8. JENNINGS)
Description - A patient lifter easily
operated by one person of normal strength.
A few strokes of the hydraulic lifter raises
the patient; a turn of the release knob
does the lowering. Guide bars make the
Lifter easy to steer from room to room.
All models of this Hoyer Patient Lifter are
safety rated at 450 pounds; the pump ro-
tates 180 degrees. A one-piece nylon sling
is provided with the standard model.
For further information on the Hoyer
Patient Lifter or a catalogue illustrating
wheelchairs, folding walkers, and other re-
habilitation equipment, write to Everst &
Jennings Canadian Limited, 72 Railside
Road, Don Mills, Ontario.
Prognosticon
(ORGANON)
Description - A two-minute slide test
for pregnancy based on the immunologic
detection of human chorionic gonadotropin
(HCG), a hormone present in the urine of
pregnant patients. The test is intended not
only as a confirming test for pregnancy,
but also as a routine screening test to rule
out pregnancy in women of child-bearing
age before instituting x-rays, drug therapy
or other procedures that may be harmful to
the developing fetus. A positive Pregnosti-
con slide test practically always confirms
pregnancy. In doubtful clinical cases, or
those in which the physician requires an
exact measurement of HCG, he may order
the Prognosticon tube test from his clinical
laboratory.
The Prognosticon Slide Test kit is com-
pletely self-contained, including a filter unit.
filter papers, urinary pipettes, stirrers, and a
separate lift-out section for storing those
components that require refrigeration.
For information on procedure and tech-
nique, write to Organon Inc., 286 St. Paul
Street West, Montreal, P.Q.
Hollywood Chair
(EVEREST 8. JENNINGS)
Description - This wheelchair comes
with either standard foot rest or elevating
leg rest, both being detachable and inter-
changeable. The elevating leg rest panels
adjust individually for proper leg support
and for length and elevation. Panels and
foot rests fold inside for ease of entry and
exit. These chairs offer versatility and are
available in adult or junior sizes.
For further information on the Holly-
wood chair (model 8XBA20-78- o 15) or a
catalogue illustrating wheelchairs, folding
walkers, patient lifters, and other rehabilita-
tion equipment, write to Everest & Jen-
nings Canadian Limited, 72 Railside Road,
Don Mills, Ontario.
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 25
Today's teenagers:
the emotional ravages
of acne may now be a
thing of the past
The tragedy of acne touches all of us, either
personally or through friends. Acne is the
curse of growing up, the heritage of puber-
ty, an extra cross to bear through years of
emotional change and insecurity. Every
year it scars thousands of adolescents, many
of them for life.
Some learn to live with acne blemishes.
Some don't, because acne can affect psy-
chological development, too. It can choke
confidence, cause embarrassment and self-
consciousness.
Teachers know that the popular and out-
going student, the one who has interests
outside of class, is a better student and will
probably earn better marks. But the acne
sufferers tend to avoid dates. They are
reluctant to "show their faces". The result
is a loss of confidence.
Now this may all be changed. Recent
26 THE CANADIAN NURSE
research has developed a chemical com-
bination that works effectively in clearing
acne-ridden skin. Clinical studies indicate
that about eight out of every ten acne cases
can be either completely cleared or sub-
stantially improved. For a long time, this
compound was available only in the clinics
where the research was taking place. But
now it is commercially available, although
it can be used only under a doctor's direc-
tion and is obtainable only under pre-
scription.
The point is simple and obvious. Now acne
sufferers need not "grow out of" acne. If
you have acne, see your doctor. If you
know someone who has acne, tell him to
see his doctor. Now there is effective
treatment.
-published as a public service by Frarik W.
Horner Limited.
SEPTEMBER 1967
in a capsule
Beautiful working comrade
There is a new campaign underway in
the Soviet Union. It is something similar to
our Royal Commission on the Status of
Women - only in reverse.
Equality between the sexes has been ac-
complished so successfully in the Soviet
Union that Ilya Selvinsky, a 68-year-old
poet, has voiced concern. Writing in the
Literary Gazette, the poet said, "We need
an art that educates young boys to admire
the miracle of beauty in women and [that
encouragesJ young girls to aspire to imitate
the examples of such beauty."
He realizes that it may be hard at first
for a construction worker to see past the
grey overalls and heavy boots of the "work-
ing comrade" beside him and to see "the
most beautiful creation of nature," but,
says Mr. Selvinsky, it must be done. Just
because Soviet women have legal equality
with Soviet men does not mean the sexes
should behave and be treated exactly alike,
the magazine article points out.
The poet was particularly critical of
women in academic and technical profes-
sions who do not care how they look, ac-
cording to a report in the Globe and Mail.
He accused them of dressing and behaving
very much like men in the same jobs.
If Soviet men are going to find it hard
to see women as more than working com-
rades, the women may find it even harder.
Under communism, women have tended to
regard attention to clothes, makeup, and
hairdos as a waste of time. They may also
find it hard to give up the higher pay in
construction just to remain feminine.
Thin but curly
Many dermatologists agree that there's an
uptrend in the number of relatively young
women whose hair is thinning in front (be-
tween the top of the head and the fore-
head), says Dr. F.F. Hellier, chief of der-
matology at The General Infirmary, Leeds,
England, writing in Nursing Times. The
cause? Several have been suggested, says
the doctor, but the most likely cause is the
widespread use of the tight hair rollers. -
RN, March, 1967.
According to statistics
Statistics show, on the average, Vassar
graduates have 1.7 children while Yale
graduates have 1.4 children. This proves
that women have more children than men.
- Executive Briefings, April, 1967.
SEPTEMBER 1967
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Sim One, a computerized patient, looks, sounds, even acts like a real patient.
Computerized patient
No doubt Sim One would wrinkle his
skin-colored, plastic brow and drop his
hinged jaw if he heard the price
$272,130. That was the amount of the
grant from the Cooperative Research Pro-
ject of the U.S. Office of Education to the
University of Southern California that made
Sim One a reality.
Sim One is a computer-controlled mani-
kin to be used as a patient-simulator for
training resident physicians in anesthesio-
logy. Drs. J.S. Denson and Stephen Abra-
hamson of the University of Southern Cal-
ifornia, co-directors of the project, pro-
duced Sim One. the most complex medical
teaching tool ever devised.
Sim One looks real: skin-colored, tex-
tured plastic covers its frame; a hinged
jaw permits the mouth to open and close;
and inside the mouth are the usual tongue,
teeth, epiglottis. aryepiglottic folds, vocal
cords, trachea, and even bronchial tubes.
He sounds real too: heart and artery
sounds are generated electronically and are
presented through an appropriately placed
stethoscope.
The manikin even acts real: electronic
systems drive me. 'hanical actions to simu-
late the symptoms and physiological res-
ponses an anesthesiologist may encounter
during an actual operation. Further, Sim
One is programmed to provide appropriate
responses to the injection of four different
drugs, administered in varying dosages, as
well as to the administration of both ni-
trous-oxide and oxygen. Its programming
causes it to respond exactly as a human pa-
tient would to many and varied stimuli
and drugs.
"The educational potential of the simu-
lator is enormous," declared Dr. Abraham-
son. "Not only is the system designed to
allow us to halt the procedure at any time,
but we can also call upon the computer for
a print-out of precisely what has taken
place up to that point."
Mod Clothes Create Modern Ailment
Its victims are usually young, but the
disease is rarely fatal. It is the new "mini-
malady," characterized by sore stomachs
and caused by tight-waisted mod pants and
mini skirts.
Particularly susceptible to this annoy-
ing and embarrassing illness, says a British
medical journal, are guitar players, who
not only wear the mod styles but get extra
aches from holding guitars too close to the
stomach.
So far, no complaints from the big re-
cording groups - they're only worried
about slipped discs and falling hair, reports
Canadian Doctor, in a recent issue. 0
THE CANADIAN NURSE 27
trH
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New 2nd Edition!
Heckel-Jordlln
PSYCHOLOGY The Nurse and the Patient
The new 2nd edition of this stimulating textbook has been
revised and updated to give the nurse a working knowledge
of psychology so that she, in turn, can deal more effectively
with the many types of patients she encounters. Examining
its subject in greater depth than the previous edition, this new
edition (designed for basic courses in psychology in both
diploma and degree programs) provides a completely current.
in-depth presentation of general psychology as it relates to the
field of nursing. A n entirely new chapter on sensation is in-
cluded. All references are now keyed to outside readings -
the Bobbs-Merrill Reprint and the Scientific American Offprint
series. A new TEACHER'S GUIDE, including each chapter's
goals, test questions, and suggested films, is provided without
charge to all instructors using this book.
By ROBERT V. HECKEL. B.S.. M.S., Ph.D., Professor of Psychology, Director
of Clinicol Training, and Director of the Psychological Services Cent.r,
University of South Carotina, Columbia, S.C.; and ROSE M. JORDAN.
8.5., R.N., Supervisor o' In-Service Education, Gracewood Stat. School
and Hospital, Gracewood, Ga. Publication date: January, 1967. 2nd
edition, 340 pages plus FM I-XVIII. 611." x 911.... illustrated. Price, $8.10.
A New Workbook!
Lerch-Wagner
WORKBOOK FOR GYNECOLOGIC
NURSING
Emphasizing the psychological aspects of gynecologic nursing
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By CONSTANCE LERCH. R.N.. B.S.(Ed.); and JOANNE K. WAGNER, R.N.,
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Price
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FOR STUDENT NURSES
The new 4th edition of this practical workbook can save you
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A New Text!
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TEXTBOOK OF PUBLIC HEALTH
NURSING
Here is an effective new approach to public health nursing,
stressing usable facts and principles of public health rather
than theory. Designed for courses in public health nursing,
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By ETHEL L. KALLlNS, R.N., B.S.. M.P .H.. Assistant Professor of Public
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Pu blishers
86 Northline Road. Toronto 16, Ontario
28 THE CANADIAN NURSE
SEPTEMBER 1967
Prenatal care and infant
mortality among
Canadian Indians
Prenatal care is accepted almost without question as beneficial to both mother and
child. It is one of those things that seems to be self-evident, clearly wise, and,
therefore, bound to be a "good thing." Few studies have been done to show a
definite relationship, however. This article reports on one such study.
G. Graham-Cumming, M.B., Ch.B., D.P.H., D.T.M., F.R.S.H.
Maternal and infant mortality has
steadily declined as the quality and
quantity of care given during pregnan-
cy has increased. This would seem to
be evidence enough to confirm the re-
lationship between prenatal care and
improved maternal and infant mortal-
ity; but, in fact, few controlled studies
have been undertaken to demonstrate
and measure the real difference such
care actually makes. A study under-
taken in 1962 of child health among
Canadian Indians may be of interest.
It was made as an attempt to identify
factors maintaining the high infant
mortality rate that persists among In-
dians. The observations that follow
constitute only a fraction of the total
study, which has been published by
the Department of National Health
and Welfare under the title Survey of
Maternal and Child Health of Cana-
dian Registered Indians, 1962.
Method of Study
In 1962 an attempt was made to
follow every Indian child born between
January 1 and December 31 from
birth for a period of at least 12
months or until previous death. Not
only was anything that happened to
the child noted but also as much as
possible of what had happened to the
mother during pregnancy, the circum-
Dr. Graham-Cumming is Medical Liai-
son Officer of the Medical Services Branch
of the Department of National Health and
Welfare, Ottawa, Ontario.
SEPTEMBER 1967
stances of the birth, and the condition!'
at home.
It proved impossible to locate and
follow every birth registered. Actually,
5,598 births were reported, of which
5,552 were live births and 46 still-
births. The difference between the
mortality experienced by infants born
to mothers who had received varying
degrees of prenatal care and instruc-
tion and that experienced by infants of
mothers who had no prenatal care or
instruction was quite dramatic.
Infant mortality among Canadian
Indians has been dropping steadily and
with increasing rapidity but still re-
mains at twice the national rate, as the
following table shows.
Table 1
Canadian Indian
Year Infant Mortality.
1956 96
1957 85
1958 86
1959 75
1960 79
1961 76
1962 75
1963 70
1964 62
1965 48
.per 1000 live births
Other Canadian
Infant Mortality.
32
31
30
28
27
27
28
26
25
24
The Canadian rates are derived
from the reports of the Dominion Bu-
reau of Statistics; the Indian rates are
estimated by the Medical Services of
the Department of National Health
THE CANADIAN NURSE 29
and Welfare. The Indian infant mor-
tality rate decreased by 50 percent in
the decade reported above but was
still twice the national rate in 1965. In
the year of study, 1962, it stood at 75
per 1000 live births, based on deaths
of children under 12 months during
that calendar year and the number of
live births registered during the same
period.
Among the sample of 5,552 live
births studied that year and followed
until December 31, 1963, there were
444 deaths, giving an infant mortal-
ity rate of just under 80 per 1000 live
births.
Influence of prenatal care
Prenatal services are offered to Ca-
nadian Indians at departmental health
centers and nursing stations staffed by
public health nurses, at a number of
clinics established in connection with
various hospitals, and in the offices of
private physicians in practice in com-
munities adjacent to reserves. Special
financial agreement is made for the
latter.
Pregnant Indian women increasingly
avail themselves of these services but
many still show reluctance or apathy
toward them and the majority of
women still report only late in preg-
nancy. Some report early in pregnan-
cy then fail to return. In the 1962 sur-
vey, it was possible to classify the
mothers into six main categories and
note the associated mortality among
their children. The categories were:
mothers who were known never to
have had any prenatal care; mothers
who were not known to have had any,
but were unlikely to have had any;
mothers who had prenatal care early
in pregnancy and regularly throughout;
mothers who had had regular care dur-
ing the later months of pregnancy;
mothers who had reported only at the
last minute and received only minimal
care; and, finally, mothers who had
reported early but had not returned for
continuing supervision. Table 2 shows
the association of prenatal care with
infant mortality.
Mothers who received no prenatal
care lost over 10 percent of their chil-
dren (based on live births); mothers
who received prenatal care for the full
30 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Table 2
Duration of Prenatal Care and Associated Infant Mortality
Duration of prenatal supervision Number of births Mortality Mortality Rates
Total Live Still- Died in Still- Infant
born first year births deaths
per per
1,000 1,000
total live
births births
All three trimesters 659 655 4 25 6 38
Second and third trimesters 990 984 6 50 6 51
<:ubtotal well supervised 1,649 1,639 10 75 6 46
1st or 2nd or 1st & 2nd trimesters
only (dropouts) 194 191 3 17 15 89
3rd trimesters (57 women) only or
1st and 3rd trimesters (late) 1,145 1,137 8 78 7 69
ubtotal late or irregularly
upervised 1,339 1,328 II 95 8 72
Known not to have been supervised 584 577 7 61 12 106
Not known to have been supervised 2,026 2,008 18 213 9 106
ubtotal probably nOI supervised 2,610 2,585 25 274 to 106
Grand total 5,598 5,552 46 444 8 80
Sour.e: Survey of Maternal and Child Health of Canadian Regi.tered Indian. 1962, Table 17
Table 3
Attendance at Prenatal Classes and Associated Infant Mortality
Duration of attendance at prenatal Number of births Mortality Mortality Rates
classes Total Live Still- Died in Still- Infant
born first year births deaths
per per
1,000 1,000
total live
births births
All th ree trimesters 679 674 5 38 7 56
Second and third trimesters 1,024 1,018 6 53 6 52
<:ubtotal of regular altenders 1.703 1,692 II 91 6 54
Attended briefly in 1st, 2nd, or 1st
& 2nd trimesters only (dropouts) 260 257 3 20 12 78
Attended in 3rd trimester
(62 women) only or briefly also
in 1st (late) 1,346 1,338 8 100 6 75
Subtotal altending late or
'rregularly 1,606 1,595 II 120 7 75
Known not to have attended 497 492 5 52 10 106
Not known ever to have attended 1,792 1,773 19 181 11 102
Subtotal probably never attended 2,289 2,265 24 233 10 103
Grand Total 5,598 5,552 46 444 8 80
Sou,.e: Survey of Maternal and Child Health of Canadian Regilte,ed Indion., 1962, Table 19.
SEPTEMBER 1967
duration of their pregnancy lost only
3.8 percent. Mothers who had attend-
ed prenatal clinics regularly for the
greater period of their pregnancy lost
5 percent of their children (based on
live births), but mothers who had at-
tended late or irregularly lost 7 per-
cent. Mothers who had reported early
but failed to continue to attend lost 9
percent of their children (based on
live births). Actually there is no true
statistical difference between the mor-
tality rate for this group and that of
the group not having any supervision;
in other words, it can be said that
those mothers who dropped out reaped
no benefit whatever.
Mortality among the children of
mothers who had continuous supervi-
sion from the first trimester was vir-
tuaIly half that experienced among
children whose mothers reported only
in the third trimester. Even in that
group of late comers, the infant mor-
tality rate was significantly less than
among the children of mothers who
did not have any supervision.
There was also a significant differ-
ence in the stillbirth rates, although
undoubtedly stillbirths had been poor-
ly reported.
Child care classes
In addition to prenatal examination
and advice by a physician, nurses con-
ducted classes in the care of infants
and preparation for their arrival. Reg-
ular, late, sporadic, a few brief ap-
pearances early in pregnancy, or com-
plete nonattendance also were asso-
ciated with differences in mortality
rates. Much the same findings resulted.
Obviously mothers who attended these
classes would be the mothers most
readily persuaded to attend prenatal
clinics for examination by a physician.
Table 3 sets out the association found.
Again, regular attendance during
the greater part of pregnancy was as-
sociated with a 5 percent loss of in-
fant life and a relatively low stillbirth
rate. Nonattendance was associated
with over 10 percent loss of infant life
and a much higher stillbirth rate. Spor-
adic or late attendance was associated
with nearly 8 percent loss of infant
life.
It cannot be argued that mere at-
SEPTEMBER 1967
r"
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, /
-4
tendance at these classes affected the
reduction in mortality rates. The type
of woman who would attend such clin-
ics regularly would be the more con-
scientious type of mother and therefore
the kind of woman most likely to learn
and benefit from advice given. The
erratic attenders would tend to be the
more casual type of woman and non-
attenders could be indifferent or biased
against modern methods and "new
ways."
In a concomitant study of the ages
of mothers attending these clinics and
classes, it was revealed that the major-
ity of nonattenders were older multi-
parous women; nearly all the regular
attenders were young married women
having their first or second baby.
The greater number of those who
attended at all, however, fell into the
category of late comers who reported
only late in the third trimester and
appeared to reap relatively much less
benefit although they did benefit in
comparison with the nonattenders.
Summary
In 1962, only some 30 percent of
Indian mothers were making good use
of available prenatal services. About
the same number could be said to
make fair use of services. The remain-
ing 40 percent made little use of these
services, many, none at all. For the
most part, these were as readily avail-
able to them as to the others. It was
among the latter group that the highest
infant mortality was found. Infant
mortality among the group that made
really adequate use of the services
available actually was not greatly in
excess of the Canadian infant mortal-
ity rate in 1962, which, as shown in
Table I, was 28.
The 2,610 mothers who did not at-
tend prenatal clinics lost 274 of their
babies (born alive), whereas the 2,988
who did have some degree of atten-
tion lost only 170 of their infants. The
2,289 women who never attended a
prenatal instruction class lost 233 of
their live born children, as against 2 I 1
lost by the 3,309 women who attend-
ed at least one class.
Failure to make use of available
services would appear to be one major
factor in maintaining the high Indian
infant mortality rate. The evidence
would also seem to indicate that,
among Canadian Indians, prenatal ser-
vices are decidedly effective in reduc-
ing infant mortality. The effect is in
direct proportion to the extent and
duration of utilization. 0
THE CANADIAN NURSE 31
The Canadian Nurse is always delighted to hear from readers with a "better idea." Send yours to share with your nursing colleagues.
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Homelike Equipment for Hospital
"It's just like the Jolly Jumper I
have at home," this young patient
seems to be whispering to the nurse.
The nurse, too, seems happy that her
young patient is able to take an in-
terested and active part in ward af-
fairs. Even treatments do not seem
to ruffle the atmosphere.
The Jumpers have a medical func-
tion as well. They serve to stimulate
babies with congested chests and pro-
vide exercise to help loosen secretions
before the infants are postured and
"pummelled" to help them cough.
Use of homelike equipment helps
very young patients adjust to hospital,
prevents boredom, and allows them to
be active rather than confined to crib.
The Winnipeg Children's Hospital de-
partments have a good supply of home
items that free mothers from constant
"baby-tending," and that work equal-
ly well as "nurse-savers." - Mrs. G.
Steiman, Nursing Supervisor, The
Children's Hospital of Winnipeg.
32 THE CANADIAN NURSE
It..
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Pediatric Art Contest
An art contest for pediatric pa-
tients produces happy ward participa-
tion, good publicity, and a Christmas
card for our hospital.
Our Christmas Card Contest started
a few years ago to help us find a
children's card that we could designate
as the hospital's official card and sell
in the Christmas Card shop run by
our Women's Auxiliary.
Hospitalized children prepare and
submit their entries and these are
displayed in the hospital foyer in the
late spring. A distinguished set of
judges, usually well-known artists,
and, last year, the director of the
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Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, re-
view the entries and chose a winner.
The judging receives good publicity
in the press and on TV, and this helps
sell the cards later. All proceeds come
to the hospital, of course. Winners
receive appropriate prizes, and you
can be sure there are many consola-
tion prizes.
The contest is now a Montreal
Children's Hospital tradition. It is
eagerly looked forward to by staff and
small patients alike. - Mrs. Phyllis
Lee Peterson, Public Rela1Íons Officer,
The Montreal Children's Hospital,
Montreal, Quebec.
SEPTEMBER 1967
idea
exchange
.,:
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Toothbrush and Suction Combined
To give good oral hygiene and
clean a patient's teeth thoroughly, the
nurse usually prefers to use a tooth-
brush and tooth paste. If the patient's
condition is such that he is unable
to expectorate, it is difficult to do
this procedure properly. We have de-
vised a method of removing the fluids
while the teeth are being cleaned.
A soft-bristled toothbrush is fitted
with a =#= 18 straight suction catheter
(see diagram). A hole is drilled
through the toothbrush and the suc-
tion catheter is threaded through the
openings and extended past the
bristles. A plastic Y connector joins
the catheter to the suction apparatus.
The procedure is carried out in the
usual manner and the fluids are re-
moved by suctioning. Gentleness must
be exercised both for the comfort of
the patient and for the protection of
the mucous membrane.
This method has been of assistance
in giving oral hygiene to patients with
a low level of conciousness. It is also
useful in a case of fractured mand-
ible when the upper and lower jaws
are wired together for immobilization
of the fracture. - Miss Jessie F.
Young, Supervisor, Neurosurgical Nur-
sing, Toronto General Hospital, To-
ronto, Ontario.
SEPTEMBER 1967
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Instant Inventory
A helpful trick to maintain neat-
ness, keep necessary instruments on
and, .and minimize loss of equipment
IS an Idea we call "instant inventory"
- a hint borrowed from garage work-
benches. Rough outlines of items are
painted on shelves and in drawers. A
quick glance, and you know what is
missing.
Embossed labels on shelf doors and
drawers also help staff to locate items
quickly. To help inventory procedures
an<;l make.
estocking possible even by
rehef auxlhary staff, each label gives
the standard quota for that item.
These two small tricks help supply-
room personnel to provide profes-
sional staff with what they need, where
they need it, and when they need it.
- Mrs. Phyllis Waselenchuk, CSR
Head Nurse, Bethesda General Hos-
pital, Steinbach, Manitoba.
,..
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"Swap Day"
This spring, our regular supervisor-
head nurse meeting took on the at-
mosphere and appearance of a rum-
mage sale - with two differences:
everything was for exchange rather
than for sale, and all the articles
were hospital equipment. The idea of
"Swap Day" to exchange equipment
betw.een head
urses is not original,
but It was the fIrst time we had tried
it and results were most gratifying.
Because of the gradual growth and
change in size and services in our
hospital, the census, ages, and con-
ditions of patients assigned to various
units had changed. Yet, equipment of-
ten remained where first located, even
though it was no longer in use.
Our director of nursing suggested
that each head nurse bring all unused
but usable equipment to this meeting.
The result was a surprisingly wide
asso
tment of hospital equipment,
rangmg from a spare movie reel and
a baby tenda to commodes and desk
blotters. Perhaps the most common
articles were assorted sizes of treat-
ment trays and bowls and lifting for-
ceps and their containers. Two pre-
cious wheelchairs for children turned
up on a ward now caring for toddlers.
A.grill-pan
as claimed by an imagin-
atIve supervIsor to decorate and con-
vert into an attractive planter.
Only two or three items were left
at the close of the exchange. We had
shared the fun of "bargain day," and
equipment that had been lying idle
was once more put to good use. -
Miss Helen A. Saunders Inservice
Education Supervisor, Roýal Jubilee
Hospital, Victoria, British Columbia.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 33
:-:
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A need for approval
Handicapped children have a strong desire for social approval and acceptance.
The nurse must recognize that her own needs for social approval and acceptance
may inhibit her efforts to encourage her patients to function independently.
'oav Gozali, Ph.D., and Helen Moogk, B.N., M.A.
:-:
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The nurse's words of encouragement to this little girl,
will be more helpful than physical assistance.
........
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34 THE CANADIAN NURSE
SEPTEMBER 1967
Karen is ten years old, a small
girl with a big warm smile. She has
a congenital defect; this seriously lim-
its her walking. She has learned to
walk with crutches but will never walk
unaided. Miss Marden is a nurse,
working at a summer camp for handi-
capped children. She was accustomed
to children in hospital, but not cer-
tain how she would get along with
them in a summer camp.
Miss Marden met Karen on the first
day of camp, at a craft class where
the girls were making containers for
hair-rollers by covering plastic jars
with colored cloth. Karen came over
to Miss Marden, who was watching
the group, grabbed her hand and ask-
ed her to come to see her work. Miss
Marden was pleased at this, and sat
down by Karen and inspected her
work. Karen was having a difficult
time, her stitches were uneven, the
cloth soiled and wrinkled.
Miss Marden took the material, and
tried to fix it, and Karen was delight-
ed with the help. When the hour end-
ed, Karen had a pretty box, finished
by Miss Marden. Karen showed it to
the other children, saying, "She's a
nice nurse, look what she did for me
. . . she's my friend." Miss Marden
felt a glow of satisfaction at having
given this pleasure to Karen, and she
helped Karen move on to her next
activity.
Taking the easy way
With many handicapped individ-
uals, it is often easier for the nurse
to do things for them, rather than to
help them in the difficult process of
Miss Moogk is a lecturer in the School
for Graduate Nurses, McGill University,
Montreal. She is a graduate of the Hospital
for Sick Children, Toronto, and has her
B.N. from McGill and her M.A. from New
York University. Dr. Gozali is director of
research of the Curriculum Research and
Development Center in Mental Retardation,
Ferkauf Graduate School of Humanities
and Social Sciences, Yeshiva University,
New York City, New York, U.S.A.
SEPTEMBER 1967
helping themselves. With the best of
will, an attendant may, for example,
feed a child with cerebral palsy, in
preference to the long and often un-
tidy process of letting him feed him-
self. This problem is further com-
plicated by the subtle interaction when
the patient encourages and rewards
the nurse for being so helpful and
doing things for him.
Patient-nurse interaction patterns
should be observed as a dynamic and
complex system. Much of the dy-
namism and complexity is caused by
conflict. Efficient hospital care may
conflict with independent function.
Immediate reward may contradict
long-term goals. Some of these ob-
servations are readily identified in the
story of Karen and her nurse.
To ameliorate or modify effects of
handicaps on overall development,
many institutions and groups caring
for the handicapped child plan a pro-
gram of care that considers all aspects
of growth and development and not
simply the treatment of the disability.
Thus, orthopedic treatment wards may
also provide schooling, occupational
and diversional therapy. The child's
,
,
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.
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The nurse may be tempted to feed a handicapped child.
Yet her aim must be to develop independent action.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 35
family is involved in his care both
in hospital and at home. Other com-
munity groups provide services at-
tempting to increase the range of ac-
tivities available to the handicapped.
This movement has been identified
as patient-centered treatment. It fos-
ters and amplifies abilities rather than
disabilities. Within this conceptual
framework, nurses try to stress the
development of independence in these
children, within the limits set by their
conditions.
Research on personality develop-
ment in handicapped children has pro-
duced some inconsistent and contra-
dictory findings. l Some studies have
identified specific personality differ-
ences between handicapped and non-
handicapped children. Others show no
such differences. Connor summed up
what other workers also had found:
"Essentially, children with motor dis-
abilities are not very different from
others. Their psycho-social handicaps
result, for the most part, from the
impact of society's reaction to physical
deviation, and from the child's inter-
pretation of this reaction to his limit-
ations, and from discrepancies be-
tween his aspirations and capacities."2
Study effects of hospitalization
A study was undertaken to identify
the effects of long-term hospitalization
on the disabled child's need for social
approval. It was hypothesized that
handicapped children will tend to de-
scribe themselves as having socially
desirable characteristics, and will de-
pend much more than non-handicap-
ped children on other people's evalu-
ation and approval.
Twenty-two children hospitalized
with orthopedic handicaps were se-
lected for the study. Criteria for the
selection were: age eight to twelve
years; not less than six months hos-
pitalization; physical disability (either
congenital or present from an early
age); and average intelligence.
Ten boys and 12 girls were selected,
with a mean age of 10.6 years. Diag-
noses included club feet, anomalies
of the hands, and arthrogryposis.
36 THE CANADIAN NURSE
A special Children's Social Desir-
ability Questionnaire 3 was used. It
measures a child's tendency to give
socially desirable responses to state-
ments representing middle-class norms
and values. The questions are so word-
ed that the child can answer them
in a socially acceptable way only by
dissembling. The questionnaire con-
sists of 47 Yes-No items, such as
"Do you sometimes tell a little lie?"
or "Are you always polite to older
people?" By answering "No" to the
first question and "Yes" to the second,
the individual may hope to present
himself as socially desirable. The ques-
tionnaire was administered orally in
individual sessions. In most cases,
questions were read to the child, who
was in his hospital bed. Group scores
ranged from 8 to 41, with 29.27 and
a standard deviation of 9.11.
Scores were summarized and com-
pared with normative data of groups
in grades three, four, and five. Find-
ings showed that institutionalized
children tended to depend consider-
ably more on the approval of others
than did the non-institutionalized
groups. Furthermore, the handicapped
child tended to score more like the
younger non-handicapped student. Ac-
cording to Crandall, children who
have these high scores on the ques-
tionnaire may be those who are shy,
withdrawn, unsure of themselves in
social situations, lacking in self-con-
fidence concerning their own social
skills, and with a low sense of per-
sonal worth. 4 This type of personality
profile is the exact opposite of what
is aimed for in patient-centered care
of the handicapped child.
Implications for nursing
What implications would this have
for nurses and others caring for hand-
icapped children?
First, nurses must be aware that
these children may tend to do things
to please and to gain approval; they
may accept ministrations gratefully to
please us. This may hinder efforts
to encourage the child to act for him-
self, to make independent decisions,
and to learn to direct his own course
of action. Second, one of the harder
tasks in learning to be a nurse is
learning to differentiate the therapeutic
nursing role from a friendly, social
one. The nurse has to gradually learn
to make decisions concerning care
needed by her patients to help them
move toward optimum health and in-
dependence.
The illustration of Karen and Miss
Marden shows the way nurses and pa-
tients may reinforce in each other be-
havior that increases the child's de-
pendency. The child's gratitude and his
affectionate attachment to the nurse
are pleasing to the person who wants
to comfort and care for others, and
who wants appreciation for her efforts.
With handicapped children, nurses
must consider the possibility that chil-
dren's behavior may be motivated by
their need to be accepted and to gain
approval. There is need for constant
awareness of the meaning of one's
own behavior, with the goal of en-
couraging in the children independent
action, self-care, and free expression
of their own feelings and ideas about
themselves and their world.
References
l. Pringle, M.L. Kelmer. The emotional
and social adjustment of physically hand-
icapped children. Educational Research,
vol. XI, no. 3, June 1964, p.207.
2. Connor, Francis P. The education of
crippled children. Education of Excep-
tional Children and Youth. Englewood
Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall Inc., 1958,
p.436.
3. Crandall, Virginia c., Crandall, Vaughn
J. and Katkovsky, W. A children's social
desirability questionnaire. Consult. Psy-
chol. vol. XXIX, no. 1, February 1965.
p.27
4. Ibid. []
SEPTEMBER 1967
The nurse responsible for initiating
treatment for the person with epistaxis
has to evaluate the condition. If the
bleeding is minor, she can cope with it
herself; if it is severe, she will assist
with the prescribed treatment.
Common causes
Trauma is the most common cause
of epistaxis. Minor or severe bleeding
can result from nasal contusion; for-
eign bodies in the nose; overzealous
blowing of the nose; severe sneezing;
nasal surgery; too forceful inhalation;
and the inhalation of substances that
irritate the mucous membrane.
Non-traumatic causes of epistaxis
include blood disorders, such as hemo-
philia and leukemia. In these instances,
severe bleeding is a complication of
the disease. Diffuse bleeding from the
nasal membrane occurs, but without
Epistaxis
Bleeding from the nose is a common form of hemorrhage. The nurse must know
the cause and source of bleeding as well as the appropriate methods of treatment.
spontaneous hemostasis.
Persons with hypertension and arte-
riosclerosis are particularly susceptible
to nasa] bleeding. The popular belief
that this is a factor in preventing a
cerebrovascular accident is without
foundation. When an individual is over
50 years of age and has poor circu]a-
tion as a result of arteriosclerosis,
blood loss can lead to a decrease in
arterial tension with subsequent myo-
cardia] infarction.
Certain ]ocalized infections, such as
rhinitis, sinusities, and nasopharyngitis,
may be accompanied by epistaxis.
Contagious diseases, such as scarlet
This article was written by a group of in-
structors and students in the medical-sur-
gical nursing care course at L'Institut Mar-
guerite d'Youville, Montreal, Quebec.
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SEPTEMBER 1967
fever, smanpox, measles, and whoop-
ing cough also may predispose to se-
vere nasal bleeding.
Epistaxis also may result from cer-
tain types of gas poisoning; rapid de-
compression in caissons; and atmo-
spheric pressure changes, such as those
encountered at high altitudes. Low hu-
midity may cause drying of the mu-
cous membrane, which then becomes
fragile and more prone to bleeding.
Anergies, new growths, intranasal fib-
roma, angioma, and ulceration of the
septum are additional causes of nasal
bleeding.
The amount of blood Joss varies ac-
cording to the cause. Minor epistaxis
is characterized by steady dripping
from one nostril. A profuse flow of
blood from both nostrils, which may
occur in nasa] fracture or blood dys-
crasia, is indicative of severe epistaxis.
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 37
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38 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Site of hemorrhage
Epistaxis occurs when there are
breaks in the walls of the capillaries
or arterial branches that supply the
nasal septum. The lesions are usually
located in the anterior or posterior
nares.
In 90 percent of cases, nasal bleed-
ing stems from local erosion of the
wall of a varicosed blood vessel in
Kiesselbach's area. This is a highly
vascular section of the nasal mucosa
located on the lower anterior nasal
septum. The external carotid is usually
the source of the bleeding, and the
flow tends to be light in most cases.
When bleeding arises from the pos-
terior part of the nose, it is difficult
to pinpoint the exact site. The blood
flow is more profuse than in lesions
of the anterior nares, and generally
is through the inferior meatus. It
originates either from the external or
internal carotid, or from the anterior
ethmoidal artery.
Bleeding from the paranasal sinuses
may accompany certain types of cere-
bral trauma or neoplasms. Blood dys-
crasias may result in generalized bleed-
ing from the nasal membrane.
Treatment and nursing care
The objectives are to prevent exces-
sive cellular anoxia and shock. The
brain, heart, and kidneys are partic-
ularly vulnerable to anoxia and vas-
cular hypotension. Prevention of shock
is of prime concern in the treatment
of severe epistaxis, and there is equal
physiological justification for giving
careful attention to minor bleeding.
Minor epistaxis
Inducing hemostasis by digital pres-
sure on the bleeding vessels is a basic
principle in the treatment of minor
epistaxis. The patient should be seated
in an armchair, if possible, since the
SEPTEMBER 1967
arm rests support him in a forward
leaning position. This helps to prevent
blood swallowing or aspiration, and
also favors cerebral circulation. (If the
blood flow is through both the anterior
and posterior orifices, some blood may
trickle into the pharynx, be swallowed,
and later vomited as it clots.)
A sitting position decreases the
oxygen needs of the tissues, thus
delaying the development of anoxia
in the vital organs. It also di-
minishes the blood supply and the
blood pressure at the bleeding point.
Tight collars, neckties, and necklaces
should be loosened or removed so
that the neck is free from all cons-
traint. Firm pressure is exterted on the
bleeding nostril, compressing it against
the nasal septum. This is done by the
nurse or by the patient himself.
During this initial phase of treat-
ment, the nurse questions the patient
about the origin and duration of bleed-
ing; the general state of his health;
any treatment that he is presently re-
ceiving; and history of previous bleed-
ing. She also notes his reaction to the
room temperature and gives him more
air as necessary, while protecting him
against chilling. She reassures him, re-
membering that what is done is more
comforting than what is said.
The nose is then gently cleansed.
Clots are removed so that the bleeding
point can be definitely pinpointed. The
patient is instructed to breathe deeply
and slowly through his mouth while
pressure is exerted on the nostril. Ice
compresses to his forehead and across
the bridge of his nose help to reduce
the blood supply at the site and also
encourage vasoconstriction. After five
minutes of digital pressure, the nostril
is gradually released. The patient is
told not to inhale through his nose
or sniff since this may dislodge the
clot at the bleeding point.
A hemostatic tampon soaked in hy-
drogen peroxide or adrenalin hydro-
chloride 1: 1 000 may be ordered for
insertion into the bleeding nostril prior
to exerting digital pressure.
The nurse should teach the patient
how to control the bleeding himself
SEPTEMBER 1967
by having him apply pressure on the
soft part of the nose. She emphasizes
the importance and need of consulting
a doctor if epistaxis recurs and if
bleeding increases in severity with re-
peated attacks. She suggests the inclu-
sion of bloods high in vitamin C in his
daily diet.
Severe epistaxis
If bleeding is persistent, the nurse
notifies the doctor. Anterior rhinos-
copy and examination of the oro-
pharynx are carried out to assist in
localizing the bleeding point. Treat-
ment may include packing, cauteriza-
tion, or ligation of the blood vessels
supplying the site.
Persistent bleeding from the ante-
rior part of the nasal septum requires
aspiration of blood and clots followed
by packing. A wick soaked in a he-
mostatic solution is introduced into the
nasal fossa through the nostril and
packed in folds from back to front.
The end of the wick is fastened to the
outside of the nostril so that the pack
cannot escape into the pharynx. The
packing remains in place for about 48
hours, but no longer, because of the
danger of infection. Antibiotic therapy
is used in conjunction with this treat-
ment. A sedative is prescribed to re-
lieve the patient's discomfort and
anxiety.
The patient is instructed to avoid
sneezing or blowing his nose for some
time after the removal of the packing.
A greasy preparation is applied to the
mucous membrane of the nostril for
one week to avoid drying.
The nurse observes the patient's
reaction to the bleeding and treatment,
attemps to create an atmosphere that
will help him cope with his problems,
whatever they may be: headache, res-
piratory difficulty, fear of persistent
bleeding, weakness, infection.
The site of bleeding is difficult to
determine when bleeding is from the
posterior part of the nose. Since the
usual treatment to produce hemostasis
consists of inserting a postnasal pack,
the patient generally is admitted to
hospital.
A rubber catheter is directed
through the nose and drawn out the
mouth. The postnasal pack, which has
two strings at one end and one at
the other, is attached to the end of the
catheter. The catheter is then with-
drawn through the nose, pulling the
strings and pack into the nasopharynx.
The two strings are tied around
gauze at the outside of the nostril; the
single thread is allowed to hang down
into the pharynx, and later is used
to withdraw the pack. The anterior
nares usually are packed with gauze
that has been impregnated with an an-
tibiotic ointment.
The nurse must be aware of all pos-
sible problems. She checks the position
of the strings on the packing to be
sure that they have not slipped out
of position. If this happens, there will
be inadequate pressure on the bleed-
ing point; the pack will simply absorb
the blood and aggravate the condition.
In addition, the nurse must remember
that patients undergoing this treatment
are subject to fainting spells.
The removal of the pack requires
even greater care than its insertion.
The blood coagulates around the pack,
forming a firm mass that adheres to
the mucous membrane. The pack is
withdrawn slowly and carefully to
avoid hemorrhage. After its removal
the patient is kept under observation
for at least 24 hours.
Cauterization is another method of
treatment. Either a silver nitrate stick,
trichloracetic crystals, or an electric
cautery may be used.
Summary
Minor epistaxis usually can be con-
trolled by digital pressure and has
very few after-effects. Treatment may
be left in the hands of the nurse.
Severe nasal bleeding involves a much
more complicated program of treat-
ment, such as packing, cauterization,
or ligation. Anterior packing is used
to induce hemostasis in the forepart
of the nasal septum. Anterior and
posterior packing are used in combin-
ation when the bleeding originates
from the back of the nose. 0
THE CANADIAN NURSE 39
"Nursing at Expo is a wonderful
way to see the world - sort of a
world tour in miniature." This is the
opinion of Claire Rivet, head nurse
at the Clinic on La Ronde at Expo
67, Montreal. "It's interesting, excit-
ing, and stimulating," she said, "but
it's really nursing, as well. True, we
don't have many really seriously ill
patients - and we do stitch up a lot
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at expo 67 clinics
In mid-July, a member of the editorial staff made a special tour of Expo hospital
facilities and talked to several nurses to find out what it is like to work at
the big fair.
of split seams in the tight pants that
kids wear, hang clothes to dry, and
see people who just want to rest a
while! But all the accidents are
special and very troublesome to the
people concerned. We are a special
help to families in some instances."
Four modern, I O-bed clinics are
set up on the Expo 67 grounds, one
on each of the islands. Each is run as
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a department connected to one of four
large Montreal Hospitals: the only
permanent clinic, the one on La Ron-
de, to Hôpital Maisonneuve; the one
near the main entrance on Cité du
Havre, to The Montreal General; the
clinic on lIe Ste-Hélène, to Hôpital
Notre-Dame; and the lIe Notre-Dame
clinic, to the Royal Victoria Hospital.
Three of the clinics are open for
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16 hours a day; one is open the full
24 hours. As all maintainance work,
cleaning, and deliveries are done at
night (more than 4,000 trucks enter
the site between the 2:30 A.M. closing
and the 9:30 A.M. opening), this 24-
hour health service is necessary for
the protection of staff.
Expo requires each clinic to have
on duty at all times a doctor {a res-
ident or one of the general practi-
I
Left: The Clinic at La Ronde, which '-0.
contains offices for Expo 67 officials, .
is the only permanent clinic building.
Nearby is the security section where
Expo police, fire, and rescue squads
are on hand. IIIIIIII
.
Right, top to bottom: Claire Rivet, a
graduate of Hôpital Maisonneuve and
head nurse of the Climc at La Ronde,
admits a "patient." The volunteer "pa-
tient," Hélène Gauthier, is a student in
architecture. She is employ.ed at Expo
67 as a secretary-clerk for the clime.
Dr. Bernhard Richer, a resident in
surgery at Hôpital Maisonneuve, sut-
ures Miss Gauthier's hand.
Miss Gauthier is transferred to a six-
bed ward. The high-low beds all have
slide-away side-rails. Paper sheets and
pillow covers, supplied by Johnson
and Johnson, relieve the laundry prob-
lem.
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tioners on staff at the hospital), two
registered nurses, two or three aides,
and one secretary-clerk. An orderly
is also assigned to some of the clinics.
The head nurse position is permanent;
other staff can be rotated at the dis-
cretion of the hospital, but in most
clinics the other nursing staff also are
assigned on a permanent basis. Many
of the nurses have had emergency ex-
perience. Others were sent to the
emergency department of their hos-
pital for experience just before Expo
opened.
The general layout of the clinics
is similar. Each has a reception-ad-
mission area, a nursing station with
a drug room and utility room opening
off it, a kitchen, a large treatment
room, and two large wards. Furniture
and equipment are uniform. Simmons
Company supplied the hospital furni-
ture, The Salvation Army supplied the
medical equipment, and Johnson &
Johnson donated all the dressings.
Each clinic is unique, however.
Expo officials did not try to force a
stereotyped pattern on furniture ar-
rangements or methods of organiza-
tion. The clinics are, therefore, ar-
ranged to suit the staff, and although
they are different, the atmosphere is
easy and efficient in them all.
In the hospital on La Ronde amuse-
ment area, one of the wards js closed
and only used when the number of
admissions is high. Most patients
there don't require bedrest. The hos-
pital on He Notre-Dame divides the
wards into male and female. The
staff have set up a bed in an alcove
off the ward, and keep emergency
resuscitators, cardiac arrest equip-
ment, and other emergency supplies
in that area.
In all of the hospitals, staff seemed
relaxed and friendly. A general air
of helpfulness prevailed.
"It's not a real opportunity to see
Expo," commented Mrs. S. Bloxham,
from the Royal Victoria Hospital, on
duty at the He Notre-Dame Clinic.
"You're too tired after your shift. I
sometimes come back on my days off
to visit the pavilions and take in all
the sights."
"But the people are most interest-
ing, and I really enjoy meeting them,"
Mrs. Bloxham added. Most of them
are here on holiday and they even
enjoy the trying moments. We had
one young chap who fell in the river
and was brought to our clinic. He
wasn't hurt, so we dried his clothes
for him and then let him go. He had
barely left the hospital when he fell
in again. He came back again to get
dried off, but was he embarrassed,"
she laughed.
The lie Notre-Dame Clinic has
42 THE CANADIAN NURSE
treated staff from several of the near-
by pavilions. "We often get chefs or
waiters with burns," Mrs. Bloxham
said. "They appreciate the clinic very
much," she went on, "and often bring
over a box of specially prepared food
later on, or arrange for the nurses to
see the special shows in the pavilions.
We do have some advantages!"
He Notre-Dame has a special pro-
cedure set up to care for any special
visitor or head of state who might
become injured during his official
Expo visit. So far, the staff haven't
needed to use it. La Ronde's clinic
staff had a flurry of excitment, how-
ever, when the young son of Senator
Robert Kennedy was brought in for
treatment. "He wasn't hurt," recalled
Miss Rivet. "He was tired and hot, I
guess - it's a long day for a little boy
- and he tripped. Senator Kennedy
and his party were on their way to the
Sky Ride, so we offered to keep the
boy for a while. We weren't busy, so he
had five of us to make him a glass of
iced tea and keep him amused," she
added. "It was delightful, too, because
one of the nurses had been especially
anxious to see Bobby Kennedy and
had planned to go out in her lunch
hour to get a glimpse of him, but had
been busy and hadn't had a chance."
Some of the patients that come to
the clinics are acutely ill. Miss Rivet
told of a 15-year-old girl who was
brought in by ambulance. "She was
unconscious and appeared to be very
hot. Her temperature was 109 0 (rec-
tally). The doctor ordered an aspirin
enema and an alcohol rub immediat-
ely. She was here only one-half hour
while we carried out the emergency
treatment and arranged for her trans-
fer to Hôpital Maisonneuve. When
she left, her temperature was down to
106 0 . We were very concerned, be-
cause she had most of the signs of
meningitis. However, it was just heat
exhaustion and she recovered," Miss
Rivet said. "She was in the downtown
hospital for only three days."
With the amount of walking re-
quired to tour Expo, it is not surpris-
ing that a large number of persons
come to the clinics with sprained
ankles. Most of these persons are
transferred to the large center for x-
ray. "We also treat patients with mos-
quito bites, and some with cases of
poison ivy," said Miss Rivet. "These
are found in persons who have been
camping while traveling to Expo; we
don't have any poison ivy on the
sight," she added, laughing.
"When Expo first opened, a great
many of the employees came to the
clinic with upper respiratory infec-
tions from the cold weather. We called
it 'Expo cold,''' she said. "Now, of
course, it's heat stroke that's the
problem."
Each clinic seems to have a prob-
lem that is unique to its area: at Ile
Notre-Dame, it's people walking into
the water; at La Ronde, it's children
with broken front teeth from the Go-
Cart and scooter rides; at the clinic
on Cité du Havre, the nurses encoun-
ter many persons with blisters. "I
don't know if it's because our clinic
is easily seen by people on the Expo
Express, but we do get a lot of minor
blisters, cuts, and scratches," reported
Miss Beverly Bruce, a graduate of
the Toronto East General Hospital.
"I wouldn't have to work if I had a
dollar for each Bandaid we've used,"
she added.
Miss Antoinnet Renaud, a graduate
of Hôtel Dieu in Windsor, Ontario,
and Miss Bruce talked about their
"busiest time." They agreed that June
had been a busy month for them.
Large busloads of school children -
up to 23,000 each day - arrived on
the grounds without parents," said
Miss Renaud. "The children usually
chose their own meals - hotdogs and
rich snacks from the foreign stands.
This, coupled with their excitement
and lack of sleep, meant that we were
busy as substitute mothers," she said.
One small lad suffered a bump on
the head, causing temporary amnesia.
This involved a cooperative effort of
all the lost children centers before a
worried boy scout leader turned up at
the end of the day to claim his charge.
All clinic personnel are prepared
for - and still awaiting, as of the
middle of July - a patient in labor.
A few expectant mothers have come
in, but they usually were just tired;
none had real contractions. A Mont-
real woman did go into labor on the
grounds, but was admitted to one of
the downtown Montreal hospitals be-
fore the birth.
There have been only four deaths
at Expo 67. Three of these were el-
derly persons with known heart condi-
tions. The fourth was a woman who
vomited and aspirated; she was dead
on arrival at the clinic.
An elderly man visiting Expo with
his three young grandchildren col-
lapsed and was admitted to hospital
with a perforated ulcer. Clinic staff
looked after the children until an un-
cle could come and get them.
"A tremendously interesting exper-
ience." "I wouldn't have missed it
for the world." "I'm so happy to be
here." These are the general com-
ments of the nurses. Judging by the
satisfied and happy looks on the faces
of the patients as they left the clinics,
they were really happy that the nurses
were there, too. 0
SEPTEMBER 1967
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SEPTEMBER 1967
John - a victim of
maternal deprivation
Lack of "mothering" can result in physical as well as emotional disturbances.
Norma I. McDiarmid
The effects of insufficient mothering
were observed more than 50 years ago
in institutions that harbored young
children who had been separated from
their mothers for long periods. The
classic symptoms exhibited by these
infants were apathy, listlessness, de-
pression, failure to gain weight in spite
of adequate nourishment, persistent
respiratory infections, little if any so-
cial responsiveness, frequent head
banging, and rythmic rocking. It also
was noted that these infants, who had
a high mortality rate, suffered perma-
nent damage psychologically, physical-
ly, and mentally.
This disturbance is called "hospital-
ism" - a term that designates the
damaging effect that institutional care
can have on an infant, particularly
from the psychiatric point of view. l
Unusual quietness was the first ob-
servation made by Province and Lip-
ton in describing the effects of institu-
tional care. 2 They reported that very
little talking, laughing or even crying
was heard from the young infants they
observed. The children lay motionless
on their backs in cribs, isolated in
cubicles. At feeding time their bottles
were propped; whenever cereals or
pureed foods were required, they were
simply added to the milk and served
with a larger holed nipple. The babies
were seldom out of their cribs and
then only for bathing, diapering, and
dressing. The attention of one caretak-
er during the first eight-hour period
was shared by seven or eight babies
and then shared for the remainder of
the day with 25 to 30 other babies. It
was obvious that there was no time for
stimulation or love.
Until a few years ago, this condition
was observed only in institutions; re-
cently, however, infants suffering from
this syndrome have been found living
at home with their mothers. For rea-
sons that are not always apparent, an
unfavorable mother-child relation-
ship develops, resulting in a condition
referred to as "maternal deprivation,"
as differentiated from "hospitalism."
Failure to thrive
John was the victim of such a rela-
tionship. He was five years old when
he was admitted to hospital the fifth
time for the same problem: "failure to
thrive." As in each previous hospital
stay, the various causes for growth
failure, such as dietary deficiency, in-
born error of metabolism, congenital
heart deformity, were ruled out. Why,
then, was this child not growing at a
Mrs. McDiarmid, a graduate of the Ham-
ilton General Hospital School of Nursing,
Hamilton. Ontario, is presently with the
Ontario Institute for Studies in Education.
Toronto. This study W3S conducted while
she was on staff at the Department of Pe-
diatrics, Upstate Medical Center. Syracuse.
N.Y., and was supported by PHS Grant
FR-85. The author expresses her appreci3tion
for the invaluable comments made by Dr.
Albert J. Schneider, Dr. Mary Voorhess.
and Mrs. Aime Nover.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 43
normal rate? Maternal deprivation was
suspected and the family situation was
fully explored.
Early marriage
The picture emerged of a very un-
happy mother who had had an im-
poverished childhood. This young
mother was deserted by her own
mother when she was four years old
and her father, after a short time, gave
up the job of maintaining a good
home. As a result, she and her siblings
lived in poverty and misery. To es-
cape her wretchedness, she married
early, becoming pregnant to force her
father's consent to the marriage. With
the arrival of a baby girl, her world
seemed complete. She had her hus-
band, her home, and her daughter,
whom she seemed to love.
It was not the young mother's in-
tention to have any more children;
however, when her daughter was 11
months old, she discovered, to her dis-
may, that she was pregnant. Upset and
depressed. she made no effort to hide
her deep disappointment. Morning
sickness added to her discomfort. In
spite of this illness, a son, John, was
born at a normal weight of seven
pounds, three ounces. His mother was
required to remain in the hospital
longer than usual because of a post-
partum hemorrhage and she was ir-
ritated at this delay. The baby contin-
ued to do well in the nursery and
seemed healthy at the time of his dis-
charge from hospital.
At six months of age John was re-
admitted to hospital with a diagnosis
of "failure to thrive." He was dull and
listless, had pale dry skin, weighed 12
pounds and was 24 inches long. Ex-
tensive physical examination revealed
no basis for his retarded growth. His
diet was carefully supervised and, in
two weeks, he had gained two pounds
and seemed brighter and more alert.
Two months later he was readmitted
for the same reason. He weighed 12
pounds. 14 ounces, and had grown
one inch. The symptoms were the
same and his physical examination re-
vealed no abnormality apart from his
44 THE CANADIAN NURSE
smaIl size. During the three week per-
iod in hospital he gained weight
steadily and was discharged weighing
13 pounds, 10 ounces.
John was not seen again until he
was 15 months old when he was re-
admitted to hospital for "failure to
thrive." He had gained one pound,
eight ounces in the intervening months
and, although his chronological age
was 15 months, his bone age was six
months. His stay in hospital followed
the same pattern as before. At the time
of his discharge his mother indicated
she was again pregnant.
When John was almost three years
old, he was admitted a fourth time for
"failure to thrive." He weighed a scant
16 pounds, was 29 and one-quarter
inches long, and exhibited all the clas-
sic symptoms of severe malnutrition.
Open rejection
In the many months preceding this
last admission, a social worker had
been visiting the family to help them
with their problems. She soon recog-
nized that John was being rejected by
his mother. He was blamed for all her
troubles. He stubbornly refused to be-
come toilet trained and, with her com-
pulsive need for a neat and clean
house, she was constantly annoyed at
him. When the paternal grandmother
reported her to domestic court for ne-
glecting her children, the mother again
blamed John. In other ways he was
very quiet and aloof. He disliked play-
ing outdoors with other children and
spent most of his time playing by him-
self with games that did not tax his
meager energy.
The third child, a one-year-old boy,
was almost as big as John; although
the mother did not seem to have very
warm feelings toward this child, he ap-
peared, nevertheless, of normal stat-
ure.
Throughout this affair the father
took only a passive interest in his son.
He did not have a strong personality
and seemed to be easily dominated,
first, by his mother, then by his wife.
He was unable to give any real sup-
port to either his wife or son.
Foster home
It was clear that John's future did
not interest the parents. They readily
agreed to his placement in a foster
home, where he remained for six
months and continued to grow at a
normal rate.
At first. the parents made no at-
tempt to visit him. Gradually, how-
ever, they started taking an interest in
him, although the social worker be-
lieved this interest was caused by feel-
ings of guilt and by family pressures,
particularly on the part of the paternal
grandmother. EventuaIly, they decided
that they wanted him back. He was
returned since there seemed to be
some hope that he would receive more
attention than he had in the past.
Very little was heard of John until
his fifth admission, when he was five
years old. He was 36 inches tall and
weighed scarcely 23 pounds. It was
obvious that he had lost weight almost
from the beginning of his return home.
His face was thin and pinched. his
arms and legs like match sticks, and
his abdomen grossly distended. The
exposed parts of his body and his
penis were hyperpigmented. He could
feed himself but could not dress him-
self. He had a speech impediment and
his conversation was not easily under-
stood. His run was clumsy and his
gait unsteady; he tired very quickly.
and when put to bed. rocked back and
forth, sucking his thumb until he final-
ly feIl asleep. His duIl listless eyes told
a tragic story. The Stanford-Binet test
was administered, revealing a mental
age of three years, ten months.
Loved for himself
How could we, as nurses. help this
child? One thing we knew: John had
to realize that he was loved for him-
self. The doctors told us that his very
survival might well depend on the love
we gave and on his ability to respond
to that love.
Our hearts went out to him: he was
cuddled and rocked. played with and
sung to, talked to and laughed with.
We saw him grow before our eyes. His
appetite from the beginning was vor-
SEPTEMBER 1967
acious and we pampered his tastes.
For the first four weeks we were
all delighted with our patient; then he
changed. He became rebellious, des-
tructive, and a problem to all. But the
change was a good one. It meant that
at long last John was coming out of
his shell; he was feeling secure enough
to test us and to express his long dor-
mant hostility.
Our manner with him had to
change. He still needed aH the love he
could get, but now had to recognize a
few limitations. He could not break
toys, he could not bite the other chil-
dren, or kick the nurses. This took
firmness and patience but everyone
knew it was a turning point in the life
of this little boy. Putting him in his
room or removing a favorite toy seem-
ed the best and most successful way to
control his behavior. He was strong
enough now to accept reasonable dis-
cipline. GraduaHy his hostility lessen-
ed and he was able to function in a
more mature manner.
A Secondary Cause
What happens to the body of a
young child who has had sufficient
nourishment but too little mothering?
Why does he fail to grow?
Gardner and Patton suggest several
possibilities. Depression in itself might
reduce the appetite; behavioral
changes might affect the rate of intes-
tinal absorption, disturbances of gas-
trointestinal function - vomiting,
diarrhea and constipation - might,
and often do, occur in the deprived
child, and severe emotional distur-
bance might affect the intermediary
metabolism thus altering the rate of
anobolic processes. s
Because of John's long history,
these more common causes of his
small stature had been ruled out and
hypopituitarism was suspected. After a
series of tests to determine first, the
adrenal function and, second, the pit-
uitary reserve, a pattern of pituitary
deficiency emerged. This was believed
to be caused by his almost continuous
malnutrition.
When aH tests were completed and
SEPTEMBER 1967
the health of the patient restored, it
was decided. with the permission of
the parents, to place John in another
foster home. He made a good adjust-
ment. On his subsequent visit to hos-
pital six months later, tests showed
that the pituitary gland still was not
functioning normaHy; however, he con-
tinued to grow and to gain weight.
.
When John was seven years old and
had been in his foster home for one
year, he was readmitted for further
evaluation of pituitary function. The
change was spectacular. He was three
feet eight inches tall and weighed 49
pounds. His bone age was now that of
a child six years, three months - an
increase of two and one-half years in
one chronological year. His walk was
greatly improved, his body was sturdy
and healthy looking, and he seemed
happier and more cheerful.
The Stanford-Binet test still indi-
cated some retardation, which was evi-
dent in his school performance. The
doctors believed that damage to his
personality structure and to his intel-
lect, as a result of his severe and long-
standing maternal deprivation, was
probably permanent.
The pituitary tests were repeated
and now showed normal function. It
seemed fairly certain that John's hypo-
pituitarism had been secondary rather
than primary and had been caused by
a lack of love.
The decreased hypophysial function
that occurred while John was suffering
severe malnutrition may have been an
adaptive mechanism triggered by dim-
inished caloric intake. This mechanism
might then have permitted survival in
spite of lowered caloric intake, by
producing a decreased body activity,
by lowering the basal metabolic rate,
and by diminishing or arresting the
growth rate. 4 This explanation seems
to fit the pattern of John's "failure to
thrive. "
It seems apparent, from the evi-
dence of this child's history, that early
prolonged deprivation in some children
can result in severe malnutrition. This,
in turn, can result in secondary hypo-
pituitarism. When the deprivation is
arrested. the malnutrition is arrested,
and the pituitary resumes normal func-
tion.
References
1. Spitz, RA. Psychoanalytic Study of the
Child, vol. I. New York. International
Universities Press. 1945, p.53.
2. Province, S. and Lipton, RC. Infants in
Institutions. New York. International
Universities Press. 1962. pp.26-29.
3. Gardner, L.I. and Patton, RG. Growth
Failure in Maternal Deprivation. Spring-
field, III., Charles C. Thomas Co., 1963,
pp.42-4J.
4. Monckeberg, F., Donoso, G.. Oxman, S.
Pak, N., and MeneghelJo. J. Hum
m
growth honnone in infant malnutrition.
Pediatrics, vol. 31. Springfield, Ill.,
Charles C. Thomas Co.. 1963, p.62. 0
THE CANADIAN NURSE 45
Whenever two or more people come
together in a continuing relationship,
they become involved in the problem
of communication. As public health
nurses, we were especialIy concerned
about how difficulties in communica-
ting often alienate the members in our
nursing organizations, thus decreasing
the efficiency of the group. As mem-
bers of a chapter special interest
group, we decided to study group re-
lationships in an attempt to revitalize
and improve our relationships with
others.
The project we undertook was an
introduction to the study of group dy-
namics. These techniques, relatively
new to Canada, are designed to help
personnel in institutions and business
enterprises improve their effectiveness
as persons. The instruction is common-
ly known as sensitivity training, and
the groups as T-Groups. The methods
learned can be employed in all facets
of life - with friends, families, clients;
in gatherings, such as prenatal classes,
staff and chapter meetings; in profes-
sional and community organizations;
and in colIaboration with employer
and labor relations board members.
Into retreat
Nine of us, all public health nurses,
registered for the Leadership and Hu-
man Relations Laboratory. The entire
enterprise took just 34 hours of inten-
sive study (two weekend sessions -
one of 20, a second of 14 hours).
We literally went into retreat. We
lived together, ate together, dis-
agreed and agreed, and shared an ex-
perience that helped each contributing
member to gain fresh insight into her-
self and her behavior in groups. It was
an experience that magnified the flaws,
unveiled the real meanings behind
what each said, and, through relevant,
appropriate feedback, allowed each
participant to get a completely differ-
ent slant on her own and others' be-
46 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Public health nurses form
first chapter T -Groups
Recently, a group of public health nurses from the Peel County Chapter of the
Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario decided to find out more about human
relationships. They used the group dynamic technique, or the study of why and
how groups act as they do, and forces that operate within groups.
Marlene Koch Smith and Mary Watson Carr
havior as part of a whole. At the end
of the sessions we had developed a
better understanding of the mechanics
of group dynamics and of the collabo-
rative effort that leads to group effi-
ciency.
Inexpensive for best response
Basically the program we undertook
can be folIo wed by any nucleus of 15
persons or less, although the ideal
group should contain only 8-12 mem-
bers. EnroIlment should be voluntary,
but chapter or organizational heads
must support the project by word and
deed to awaken interest and enable im-
plementation of the newly-learned
methods. To attract membership the
scheme should be inexpensive, which
can be arranged easily by holding the
session, as our group did, in a private
home.
Rusty wheels turn
This laboratory was different from
the standard leadership training course.
It consisted of lecturettes, practice and
demonstration sessions based on the
acquired theory, and sensivity training
group discussions, known as T-Groups
- all designed and implemented by a
group developer.
The T-Group was a completely new
experience for those who registered.
Mrs. Smith is a graduate of Women's
College Hospital, Toronto. She attended five
universities in Canada and the U.S.A. to
acquire a background in applied behavioral
sciences; in addition, she took the advanced
Human Relations Training Laboratory in
Methodology at the National Training
Laboratory in the U.S.A., to qualify as
trainer in human relations labs for personnel
in industry and community organizations.
Mrs. Carr, a graduate of the Toronto
Western Hospital, has a B.Sc.N. from the
University of Western Ontario. She is pres-
ently a chief instructor at South Peel
Hospital, Cooksville, Ontario.
Intentionally, the group was unstruc-
tured; it had no agenda and no desig-
nated leader; moreover, no note-taking
was aIlowed. The group developer was
on hand to stir up discussion and
guide or intervene when floundering
occured. And it did, frequently! One
could compare the T-Group exper-
ience to that of a non-swimmer being
thrown in deep water and being ex-
pected to make her way to some un-
seen shore. One participant, recalling
the sessions, remarked: "At times, we
felt a kind of depressed sluggishness.
We were thinking so hard we could
almost hear the rusty wheels turning."
We were all on the same level, no
matter what positions we held in daily
life. It was a bewildering, sometimes
maddening and frustrating experience,
but inevitably revealing as to the ways
people behave in groups.
The lecturettes centered on issues
such as earning group membership,
drawing out the "quiet ones," apathy,
concepts of communication, and var-
ious aspects of problem-solving. Di-
gests of relevant material were distrib-
uted at the end of each day to elim-
inate note-taking and distraction. In ad-
dition, a variety of pre-planned dem-
onstrations, with audio-visual aids
and role-playing, all based on course
content, were conducted by the demon-
strator, and supplemented by relevant
feedback and evaluation by the de-
veloper.
Benefits subtle but substantial
Those of us who took part in this
laboratory emerged with a spirit of
enquiry and an expanded awareness
of ourselves as others see us. We
began to see ways of dealing more
effectively with people and problems.
Habits of behavior and thought had
been converted into fresh approaches
that, hopefulIy, could be learned by
other chapter groups or community
organizations. 0
SEPTEMBER 1%7
SEPTEMBER 1967
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The old Montreal Chinese Hospital also served to shelter the poor.
ft \\5
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Montreal Chinese Hospital
In 1918, Montreal was struck by an
influenza epidemic. Among the hardest
hit was Montreal's Chinese population,
especially the hand launderers. The
story of the Montreal Chinese Hospital
begins with this epidemic.
When the epidemic broke out, the
Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate
Conception - a congregation that had
worked with Montreal's Chinese com-
munity since 1913 - immediately of-
fered their services. The sisters sought
the sick in hovels, cafés and laun-
deries, and cared for them at a wel-
fare shelter on Clark Street. This
shelter served as a hospital until the
epidemic subsided in 1919.
The following year, the Chinese
community bought the synagogue at
112 La Gauchetière Street West and
converted it into a hospital. The build-
ing was almost 100 years old at the
time, however, and was soon condem-
ned as a firetrap by the inspectors of
the city health service and the provin-
cial government. The sisters were or-
dered to evacuate their patients from
the premises.
The new Chinese hospital at the
corner of Saint Denis and Faillon
Streets, opened its doors to its first
patients in June, 1965. This hospital
serves all of Montreal's Chinese com-
munity, whose population has been
estimated at about 10,000. Of its 67
beds, 32 are reserved for aged and
chronically ill Chinese patients. Most
of these patients speak only Chinese;
they feel at home with a staff that
includes eight Chinese nurses, one
Chinese male nurse who received his
diploma in Hong Kong, and some
Chinese auxiliary personnel.
The new Montreal Chinese Hospital
is equipped with full outpatient ser-
vices, natal clinics, maternity facilities,
and physiotherapy, x-ray, and labora-
tory services. These facilities, as well as
8 beds and 12 cribs in the maternity
service, and 15 convalescent beds, are
available to all, regardless of race, or
creed, or nationality.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 47
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Director of nursing service, Sister Françoise
Derome, m.i.c., pauses to chat with staff nurse
Mrs. Wai. The receptionist is Miss Julia Kwang.
Patients and personnel speak Chinese.
Both mother and nurse smile happily at the first
Chinese baby born at the new Montreal Chinese
Hospital.
At Christmas the staff bought this 96-year-old
patient a new hat; but he prefers his old one,
which he hasn't taken off since he entered
hospital. He knows one English word-ninety-six
-which he answers when asked his age.
The old Chinese Hospital was located in China-
town. Patients could enjoy watching traditional
festivities, such as the Feast of the Dragon.
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This little Chinese patient won't be
comforted as Dr. Pablo Tchang tries
give him an injection.
Patients and staff pose for a picture on
moving day at the old hospital.
An elderly Chinese woman enjoys the
sun room at the new hospital.
Mr. Seto has Parkinson's disease. His
quiet life is interrupted only by an
occasional television program Or
Chinese game. Sister Maria Joseph,
a Chinese nun, offers him chocolate.
r
".
,
-
research abstracts
Griffin, Amy Elizabeth. The improvement
of the educational preparation of instruc-
tors in pre-service programs in nursing
in Ontario. New York, 1963. Thesis (Ed.
D.) Columbia University.
The study was undertaken to achieve
three main purposes: I. to identify the areas
in which there is need for improvement in
the educational preparation of instructors in
preservice programs in nursing in Ontario;
2. to determine the types and content of
preparatory programs needed for them; 3.
to identify the resources that are presently
and potentially available for their continuing
education and the ways in which these can
be put to optimum use.
In this study the professional nurse edu-
cator is seen as a member of two profes-
sions, that of nursing and that of educa-
tion. Her preparation as a professional
nurse educator presupposes adequate prep-
aration and demonstrated competency as
a professional nurse practioner. Such prep-
aration is believed to be best planned,
controlled, and implemented within the
milieu of the university. Her preparation as
a professional nurse educator, therefore,
moves logically into the field of graduate
education.
The procedure implemented in the study
included the following:
1. A review of the literature concerning
essential components and characteristics of
initial and continuing teacher education.
2. A study of teacher preparatory pro-
grams in university schools of nursing within
the Canadian educational framework.
3. Procurement through questionnaire
and interview techniques of information and
opinions concerning the qualifications of
the instructors, the nature and scope of
their functions, the recognized need for
their improved preparation, and resources
for their continuing education. Questions
were specifically directed toward the func-
tioning of the instructor as an individual
and as a member of an educational staff
relevant to: teaching; guidance; evaluation
of student progress; curriculum develop-
ment; participation in or use of nursing
research; and contribution to professional
and community organization activities.
4. Procurement through questionnaire and
interview techniques of proposed methods
for improving instructors' initial and con-
tinuing education.
Recommendations arising from the study
include:
1. The establishment of a demonstration
teacher preparatory program at the grad-
50 THE CANADIAN NURSE
uate level. with a major in curriculum
and teaching but including some prepara-
tion in the administration of nursing edu-
cation programs. The scope of the program
embraces general, special, and professional
education, with the inclusion of specific
field work. and the completion of two
independent studies - one concentrating
on the use of library skills, the second
on elementary field research techniques.
2. Planning, on a regional basis, for the
development of further such programs
should the results of the demonstration
program and the potential recruitment of
suitable candidates warrant it.
3. The promotion of improved resources
for the continuing education of instructors
through the universities, employing agen-
cies, and the professional nursing organiz-
ation, with each of these institutions mak-
ing a distinctive contribution and the co-
ordinating role being assumed by the pro-
fessional association.
Hubbert, Mary Oressa. The contribution of
nursing personnel in an interdisciplinary
approach to the care of the aged in a
particular institution. London, 1964.
Thesis (M.Sc.N.) Univ. of Western
Ontario.
This study is concerned with nursing
care for the elderly. To determine the
perceived role of the nurse in this field,
one selected institution was chosen for
study. The particular institution, although
comprising two separate organizations - a
home for the aged and a long-term hospital
- operates under the same administration.
It is unique in the number and quality of
services that are made available to residents
in the home and to patients in the hospital.
The perceived role of the nurse in this
interdisciplinary approach to the care of the
aged was determined through interviews
with nursing staff members, non-nursing
staff members. and the older person and
his family.
To discover the nature and extent of
learning experiences offered in geriatric
nursing that prepare professional nurses to
function in this clinical speciality, informa-
tion was sought from approved basic
schools of nursing in Ontario and univer-
sity schools of nursing in Canada. School
calendars, explanatory letters, and course
outlines provided the investigator with the
data.
The author also obtained information,
through a questionnaire, from administra-
tive staff in selected hospitals and þomes
for the aged in Ontario to determine the
nature and extent of orientation and inser-
vice education that is provided for nursing
staff at all levels of preparation and ex-
perience.
The findings reveal that discrepancies
exist in the minds of nurses and non-nurses
regarding the perceived role of nurses in
the institution studied. In addition, most
schools of nursing show that little is of-
fered in the way of a structured, well-
planned course in geriatric nursing to pre-
pare the nurse to function in this capacity,
either as a staff nurse or in a teaching or
administrative capacity.
On the basis of the findings, certain
implications were derived. Specific recom-
mendations were made for ways to clarify
the nurse's role and to improve the initial
preparation of professional nurses and the
continuing education for both professional
and non-professional nursing staff.
Sethee, Ushvendra Kaur. An exploration of
the skills of inten'iewing with problems
related to it, as practiced by nurses in
emotion-laden situations encountered in
public health nursing. London, 1966.
Thesis (M.Sc.N.) Univ. of Western
Ontario.
In this project an instrument was deve-
loped for assessing the nature of verbal
responses selected by nurses faced with
emotion-laden situations representative of
those encountered in the practice of public
health nursing. This instrument, modeled
after one reported by Methven and Schlot-
feldt in 1962, was administered to a group
of staff nurses practicing public health
nursing in Ontario. Approximately one-
third of the total responses selected by
these nurses were of the type considered
to be most desirable.
A questionnaire to determine the self-
perceived problems related to interviewing
was also completed by the same group of
respondents. Specific problems were iden-
tified and concrete suggestions made to
improve their skill in interviewing.
Much more needs to be done in the dev-
elopment of skills in interviewing, both in
preparatory programs and in continuing
education in employing agencies. Staff
nurses in the practice of public health
nursing would welcome more supervised
practice in interviewing, consultation, and
assessment.
An extensive annotated bibliography on
interviewing is included in this thesis. 0
SEPTEMBER 1967
books
A Guide For Staffing A Hospital
Nursing Service by Marguerite Paetz-
nick, R.N., M.A. 93 pages. Geneva,
World Health Organization, 1966.
Reviewed by Miss Pamela Allan, Direc-
TOr of Nursing Service, Uni
'ersity of Al-
berta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta.
The purpose of this book is to present
material useful in considering the staffing
needs of a hospital nursing service. The
author considers the need for collaboration
among nurses, doctors and administrators
to provide a realistic calculation of staffing
patterns. Information for this guide has
been gathered from a variety of countries.
The book begins with a survey of the
changing world of nursing and the increas-
ing responsibilities assumed by nursing ser-
vice. It covers the following topics: planning
the improvement of nursing care through
staffing; factors relating to the care of the
hospital patient; hospital administrative
practices relating to nursing; utilization of
nursing personnel; and education. The last
20 pages of the book include organization
charts, assignment sheets. job analysis forms
and nursing care plans.
This book gives an excellent outline of
the variables to be considered in planning
staffing patterns. Types and varieties of
illness, together with the number of patients
requiring care, have received attention. Al-
though there is no bibliography, excellent
reference material is provided in footnotes
throughout.
This book is too brief to be used as a
student text, but would be invaluable as
a guide for those experienced in nursing
service who seek guide lines for further
reading.
An Atlas of Nursing Techniques
by Norma Greenler Dison. R.N.. B.A.,
258 pages. Saint Louis, Mosby, 1967.
Reviewed by Miss Marilyn Buist, In-
structor, ToronTO General Hospital School
of Nursing, Toronto, On/ario.
This text outlines therapeutic and reha-
bilitative techniques commonly used in med-
ical-surgical nursing. The techniques de-
scribed range from basic nursing skills, such
as positioning, to the more complex skills
involved in operating intermittent positive
pressure machines. While the emphasis is on
basic nursing techniques, such as injections
and chest routine, there are some skills that
require more advanced knowledge, such as
SEPTEMBER 1967
resuscitoation with IPPB units and venous
pressures.
Techniques are related to patients' basic
needs with references to show how the
patient and his family influence the imple-
mentation of procedures. Emphasis is on
the principles underlying the techniques
rather than on methodology or special equip-
ment. This enables the reader to interpret
these principles according to patients' indi-
vidual needs. hospital policies, and available
equipment.
Many of the techniques are simplified
by the use of detailed diagrams that illus-
trate the steps in the procedures. The selec-
tion of techniques is generally good, although
the scope is limited mainly to basic skills.
The explanation of some equipment in
common use, such as suction machines. is
too brief.
This does not necessarily detract from
the worth of this book. It is an excellent
reference of nursing techniques for student
nurses. It has limited value as a reference
for graduate nurses, and is not intended for
the nurse specialist.
Nursing Evaluation: The Problem and
Process by Grace Fivars and Doris
Gosnell, 228 pages. New York, Macmil-
lan Company, 1966.
Reviewed by Mrs. Vivian Wood, Assistant
Professor, Nursing Education, The Uni-
versity of Western Ontario.
The purposes of this book are to aid in
the assessment of educational and service
objectives, and to provide a practical guide
for maintaining usable standards of nurs-
ing performance. The text is comprehensive,
well-written and organized and is based on
sound theoretical framework. The critical
incident technique is used throughout as a
basic approach to assessing behavior in the
clinical situations.
The authors begin with an historical in-
troduction to the critical incident method.
Educators would find helpful the clear,
concise treatment given to basic considera-
tions in establishing the objectives for a
school of nursing. The authors have divided
the assessment process into two areas: its
use in defining and developing appropriate
learning experiences; and the use of assess-
ment tools and methods in relation to tasks
and performances. Illustrations of the use
of the critical incident approach are given.
Comprehensive bibliographies are provided
at the end of each chapter and many recent
sources are listed.
The discussion of assessment is partic-
ularly interesting. The authors present a
comprehensive discussion of paper and pen-
cil tests, questionnaires, interviews, observa-
tional techniques, interpretations of results
of evaluations, and communication of re-
sults to students. Teachers interested in stu-
dying the construction of teacher-made tests
in depth must depend on other books.
however.
The comments and the critical incident
approach are worth noting. The student's
performance is ungraded in the usual sense
of a numerical score. Instead. notes describ.
ing effective or ineffective behavior in par-
ticular situations comprise the evaluation.
Readers might compare this technique with
Palmer's rating scale in which a grade is
assigned to clinical experience. The di-
vergence of these two approaches suggests
that the time has come for nurse educators
to consider seriously the desirability of
grading laboratory experience.
Readers should also pay attention to the
section on interpreting test results of eval-
uation. One must stress again that the as-
sessment of the laboratory experience is
only a portion of the total course.
The book ends with a section on the
observation of situation tests. In this in-
stance the student actively participates in
situations typical of those encountered daily
by practicing nurses. The observer is able
to record, and later assess, the student's be-
havior. Readers interested in this approach
are directed to Thorndike and Hagen's text
in which a comprehensive account is given
regarding situational testing.
The authors have amply illustrated cre-
ative use of the critical incident approach.
The weighting of the laboratory experience
must be assigned within the context of the
course objectives. This book presents an
approach to nursing evaluation that should
prove useful to all who undertake the dif-
ficult and complex task of course design
and teaching with effective assessment of
laboratory experience.
Nurses' Handbook of Fluid Balance
by Norma Milligan Metheny, R.N., M.S.
and William D. Snively, Jr., M.D. 279
pages. Toronto, Lippincott, 1967.
Reviewed by Miss Joan Baycroft, In-
strucTOr, Toron/o General Hospital School
of Nursing, Toron/o, Ontario.
The authors state that their goal is to
provide an "inviting, clear, comprehensive,
THE CANADIAN NURSE 51
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52 THE CANADIAN NURSE
books
and practical handbook on body fluid dis-
turbances."
The first seven chapters provide the fun-
damentals of fluid and electrolyte balance,
whereilS the final nine chapters present com-
mon disturbances in fluid balance. Separate
chapters deal with the disturbances of the
surgical patient, the burned patient, and the
patient with digestive, urologic, cardiac.
endocrine and respiratory diseases; another
chapter includes information about the
fluid and electrolyte imbalances of the in-
fant and child.
Throughout the book emphasis is on the
nurse's role in observing symptoms of dis-
turbances and her role in preventing im-
balances.
The authors clearly define their termin-
ology both in the introduction .and through-
out, and include common synonyms that
one might encounter in the hospital setting.
Diagrams and charts emphasize important
facts, and provide a source for quick refer-
ence.
The text is suited primarily for the use of
the undergraduate nursing student. It
would provide a valuable review for the
graduate nurse.
films
I
I
I
J
I
I
I
--1
New method of skin closure
A 16 mm., 20-rninute. color, sound film
documenting experiences in the use of mi-
croporous tapes in surgical and traumatic
wound closures is now available in Canada.
The film, Clinical Applications of Micro-
porous Tapes in Wound Closures, proposes
the use of the lightweight, non-woven,
fabric tapes in place of sutures for most
epithelial closures.
The film describes the value of this type
of closure in abdominal surgery, thoracic
surgery, emergency treatment of minor
lacerations, and plastic surgery. The film
was produced by the manufacturers of
the tape, and naturally stresses its values
and advantages. A certain objectivity on
the part of the viewer is required.
Certain aspects of the film might be
of value in nursing education, however.
The theory of wound healing is shown
most dramatically, and impediments to
healing are illustrated graphically. There
are several interesting historical sequences.
The discussion on the use of the tape in
plastic surgery is illustrated by an ex-
ample showing the surgery to reduce hyper-
trophic and pendulous breasts; this section
of the film is especially well presented.
nurses
who want to
nurse
At York Central you can join
an active, interested group of
nurses who want the chance to
nurse in its broadest sense. Our
126-bed, fully accredited hospi-
tal is young, and already talking
expansion. Nursing is a profes-
sion we respect and we were the
first to plan and develop a unique
nursing audit system; new mem-
bers of ourn ursing staff do not
necessarily start at the base salary
of $400 per month but get added
pay for previous years of work.
There are opportunities for gain-
ing wide experience, for getting
to know patients as well as staff.
Situated in Richmond Hill. all
the cultural and entertainment fa-
cilities of Metropolitan Toronto
are available a few miles to the
South . and the winter and
summer holiday and week-end
pleasures of Ontario are easily
acc_essible to the North. If you
are really interested in nursing.
you are needed and will be made
welcome.
Apply in person or by mail to the
Director of Nursing
YORK
CENTRAL
HOSPITAL
RICHMOND HILL.
ONTARIO
NEW STAFF RESIDENCE
SEPTEMBER 1967
The film would be valuable for inservice
education of operating room personnel. It
could also be recommended for use if the
teaching hospitals use microporous tapes;
otherwise individual instructors should
screen the film for its teaching value in
their situation. The film may be borrowed
from Medical Film Library, Medical Prod-
ucts, Minnesota Mining and Manufactur-
ing of Canada Ltd.. P.O. Box 2757, Lon-
don. Ontario.
accession list
Publications in this list of material received
recently in the CNA library are shown in
language of source. The majority (reference
material and theses, indicated by R, except-
ed) may be borrowed by CNA members,'
and by libraries of hospitals and schools
of nursing and other institutions. Requests
for loans should be made on the "Request
Form for Accession List" (page 56) and
should be addressed to: The Library, Can-
adian Nurses' Association. 50 The Drive-
way, Ottawa 4, Ontario.
BOOKS AND DOCUMENTS
l. American Nurses' Association Confer-
ence on Legislation. Washington, March
17-19, 1965. Proceedings. New York,
American Nurses' Association, c1965. 102p.
2. Analyses de labora/oire à /'usage des
infirmières par Soeur Carmel-Marie. Monc-
ton, N.B., Ecole des Infirmières. Hôtel-
Dieu de I'Assomption, 1967? 104p.
3. Annual report of the Royal College
of Nursing and National Council of Nurs-
ing of the United Kingdom for 1966. Lon-
don. 1967. 56p.
4. Basic human anatomy and physio-
7 logy by Charlotte M. Dienhart, Philadel-
. phia, Saunders, 1967. 347p.
5. Collective negotiations for teachers;
an approach to school administration by
Myron Lieberman and Michael H. Mos-
kow. Chicago. Rand McNally, c1966. 745p.
6. A conspectus of Canada. Montreal,
Royal Bank of Canada. 1967. 186p.
7. Dictionary of Canadian English,. the
senior dictionary by W. S. Avis et al. Tor-
onto, Gage, c1967. 1284p. R.
8. Dynamic psychiatry in simple terms
by Robert R. Mezer. 3d ed. New York,
Springer, cl967. 182p.
, 9. Educational television, Canada. edited
by Earl Rosen. The development and state
of E.T.V. 1966. Toronto, Bums and Mac-
Eachern, 1967. 101p.
10. Fiches pratiques de l'infirmière fran-
çaise (revue mensuelle). Paris, Lamarre-
Poinat, 1965. 254p.
11. Foudations of pediatric nursing by
Violet Broadribb. Philadelphia, Lippincott,
c1967. 573p.
12. L'homme sain ou malade par R. Ga-
gné. Montreal, Intermonde, c1967. 156p,
13. How to organize how to operate.
Reference and Resource Program. Proceed-
ings of a Conference on Family Planning
Clinics Toronto, Nov. 17, 1966. Toronto,
G.D. Searle & Co. of Canada, Ltd., 1967.
64p.
14. The implicaJions of continuous learn-
ing by J. Robbins Kidd. Toronto, Gage,
1966. 122p.
15. The improvement of long-term care:
a new responsibility for community hos-
pitals by Lucy Freeman. Battle Creek,
Mich.. W. K. Kellogg Foundation. 1967.
87p.
16. The management of archives by T.
R. Schellenberg. New York, Columbia Uni-
versity Press. 1965. 383p.
17. Medical-surgical nursing by Kathleen
Newton Shafer et al. 4th ed. St. Louis,
Mosby, 1967. 1009p.
18. The need for manpower planning in
the hospital service. A report prepared for
the Welsh Hospital Board by Anne Crich-
ton and Robin Hardie. Cardiff, Welsh Hos-
pital Board, 19651 92p.
19. A new look at nursing by Elsie C.
Ensing. 1st ed. London. Pitman Medical
Publishing Co., 1966. 87p.
20. Notions élémentaires de pathologie
médicale par Maurice Cournoyer. Révisé
par Noel Verschelden. Ottawa, Renouveau
Pédagogique, 1966. 195p.
A.R.D.
UniQue butterfly-shaped anorectal
dressing stays comfortably in
place wIthout tope. Sterile, hIghly
absorbent. lint free. Supplied
In boxes of 24.
-speCial prOducts
for patient care
[
\
y
þ
p
JP
.:-
"'-
--
HEARTBURN?
- -.
SCOPETTES@
Proctologic and gynecologic
swabs with tips of pure. long fiber
rayon. Free of troublesome lint
and wisps. Uniform cushion-end
safeguards tissues Tips secured
with non-toxic
egetable glue.
8" and 16" lengths. Cases of 500.
vi WI
o
;e
:t
ORRIS
FULLER@ SHIELD
Protecti
e dressing holds other
dressings in place and pre
ents
staining of linens alter pilonodal,
proctologic or perineal surgery.
Adjustable sizes 24-48.
Individually packaged.
MONTREAL
2795 BATES ROAD
Tr.(lem.,ks ot Fuller Pha,maceuhca' Company
SEPTEMBER 1967
Turns take
heartburn away
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CANADA
Heartburn's one of the worst kinds of
indigestion. And Turns are the best way
of relieving it. Wherever you are take
Tums; they need no water, taste pleas-
antly minty, act fast to bring long-last-
ing relief from heartburn, gas and indi-
gestion, and cost so little. Tums fight
acid indigestion so well because the y
consume 93 times their own we ig ht in
excess stomach acid - So take heart,
heartburn sufferers - take Tums for
quick relief.
T"T";; 4 uoos.
the tummy!
THE CANADIAN NURSE 53
accession list
'V 21. The nurse and the dying patient by
Jeanne C. Quint. New York, Macmillan.
1967. 307p.
22. The nurse consultant and nursing
service in hospitals and nursing homes.
Report of the Work Sessions, Nov. 8-10.
1965, conducted in cooperation with Public
Health Service. New York, National League
for Nursing, Dept. of Hospital Nursing,
1966. SSp.
23. Programmed instruction and the hos-
pital. A report on the use of programmed
instruction in health care units. Chicago,
Hospital Research and EduCiltional Trust,
1967. 155p.
24. La régulation des naissances: précis
de la méthode sympto--thennique par Jac-
ques Baillargeon et Hélène Pelletier-Baillar-
geon. Montréal, Les éditions du jour. c1963.
157p.
25. Résumé de pharmacologie et de po-
sologie par Nicole Tremblay. Révisé par
Camille Lefebvre. Ottawa, Renouveau Pé-
dagogique, 1966. 154p.
26. Roads to maJurity; vers la maturité;
Proceedings of the second Canadian Con-
ference on Children. Montreal, Oct. 31
Nov.
4, 1965, edited by Margery King. Toronto,
University of Toronto Press, cl967. 146p.
.. 27. Scientific foundations of nursing by
Madelyn Nordmark, Anne W. Rohweder
and Mary S. Tschudin. Philadelphia, Lip-
pincott, c1967. 388p.
28. A study of medication errors in a
hospital by Kenneth N. Barker, Wilson W.
Kimbrough and William M. Heller. Fayet-
teville Ark., University of Arkansas, 1966.
307p.
29. What's what for children by Eve
Kassirer. 4th ed. Ottawa, Citizen's Com-
mittee on Children, 1967. 96p.
30. Year-round operation of universities
and colleges; a preliminary research repon
on the practices and problems of year-
round calendar with particular reference to
the Canadian scene by David C. Webb.
Montreal, Canadian Foundation for Edu-
cational Development, 1963. 72p.
PAMPHLETS
31. A venues for continued learning. New
York, American Nurses' Association, 1967.
16p.
32. Brochure of NLN achievements tests
in professional nursing. New York, National
League for Nursing, Evaluation Service,
1967. 20p.
33. College-level examination program;
description and uses, 1967. New York, Col-
lege Entrance Examination Board, c1967.
44p.
34. Criteria for the evaluaJion of educa-
tional programs in nursing leading to an
associate degree. New York, National
League for Nursing, 1967. 12p.
35. Exposé des fonctions et des qualités
pour I'exercice des soins infirmiers d'hygiè-
ne publique au Canada. Toronto, Associa-
tion canadienne d'hygiène publique, 1966.
41p.
36. From here to there by Floris E.
King. Ottawa, Canadian Tuberculosis As-
sociation, 1967. (Paper presented at Cen-
tennial Nursing Institute on Respiratory
Diseases, April 21, 1967, Ottawa) 3p.
37. The medical care act; comments and
reçommendations. Ottawa, Canadian Wel-
fare Council, 1967. 16p.
38. The nurse consultant and nursing
service in hospitals and nursing homes.
Papers presented at the conference held in
Atlanta,
orgia, June 6-8, 1966. New
York, National League for Nursing, 1967.
39p.
39. Organizational revitalization by War-
ren G. Bennis. Los Angeles, University of
California, cl966. p.51-60. (Reprint from
California Management Review).
40. Selected areas of knowledge or skill
basic to effective pratice of occupational
health nursing. New York, American
Nurses' Association, Occupational Health
Nurses Section, 1966. 22p.
41. Skilled /wnds for hospitals. Winnipeg,
Manitoba Hospital Association, 1967. 48p.
...
'\.,.
I(
PUBLIC RELATIONS OFFICER
CHASE
HOSPITAL
DOLLS
For demonstrating and practicing the
newest nursing techniques . lavage and
gavage . tracheotomy and colostomy,
and their post-operation care . nasal
and otic irrigations . catheterization and
all abdominal irrigations . subcutane-
ous, intramuscular and intradermal injec-
tions . and all standard nursing procedures.
Let us tell you about the new features we
have added to this world-famous teaching
aid. Write to
M. J. CHASE Co. Inc.
Pawtucket
The Canadian Nurses' Association invites applications
for the position of Public Relations Officer from univer-
sity graduates with specialization in journalism or liter-
ature.
The applicant must be capable of organizing and con-
ducting public relations programs at regional, national,
and international levels and have had experience in
news and feature writing. Bilingualism is an asset.
Written application should be addressed to:
Executive Director
156 Broadway
Rhode Island
Canadian Nurses' Association
50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Canada
54 THE CANADIAN NURSE
SEPTEMBER 1967
Next Month
in
The
Canadian
Nurse
. Contraceptive practices
past and present
. Renal transplantation
. Anesthesia for the
pediatric patient
ð
Photo credits
Montreal Chinese Hospital,
cover photo
Federal Photos, Montreal, p. 7
Alvin Shafer, p. 8
Hamilton Spectator Ltd., p. 19
Wilkinson Studios, p. 34
Briston Films Ltd., p. 35
Henry Koro, p. 40, 41
SEPTEMBER 1967
accession list
42. Statement on nursing requirements
for inpatient health care services. New
York, American Nurses' Association, Com-
mittee on Nursing Service, 1967. 3p.
43. Teachers and nurses: the issue of
group power for professional employees by
Benjamin Solomon. Chicago, Industrial Re-
lations Centre, 1966. 8p.
44. What the CN A does for you. Ottawa,
Canadian Nurses' Association, 1967. pam.
45. What to do when labor problems
confront you; a ready reference for em-
ployees in labor rlations matters. rev. Chic-
ago, Illinois State Chamber of Commerce,
Labor Relations Department, 1967. 15p.
GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS
Canada
46. Commission royale d'Enquête sur les
Services de Santé. L'exercice en groupe
par J.A. Boon. Ottawa, Imprimeur de la
Reine, 1966. 87p.
47. Conseil National de Recherches du
Canada. Rapport 1965-66. Ottawa, Impri-
meur de la Reine, 1966. SIp.
48. Depl. of Labour. Economics and Re-
search Branch. Determination of the ap-
proximate bargaining unit by labour rela-
tions boards in Canada by Edward E. Her-
man. Ottawa, 1966. 227p.
49. . Twenty-five provi-
sions in major collective agreements cover-
ing employees in Canadian manufacturing
industries (/966) Ottawa, 19671 24p.
50. Dept. of Labour. Legislation Branch.
Labour standards in Canada 1966. Ottawa,
Queen's Printer, 1967. 76p.
51. Dept. of National Health and Wel-
fare. The Canadian mother and child. 3d
ed. Ottawa, Queen's Printer, 1967. 176p.
52. . Environmental health
in disaster. Ottawa, 1967. 101p.
53. . Guide for the prep-
aration of a manual of policies and pro-
cedures for occupational health nursing.
Ottawa, 1958. 12p.
54. Law." statutes, etc. A consolidation
of the British North America Acts 1867
to 1965, prepared by Eliner A. Driedger.
Ottawa, Queen's Printer, 1967. SOp.
55. . Old age security
act, R.S.C. 1952 c.200 and old age security
regulations established by P.C. 1965-1166.
16p.
56. . Rules of procedures
of the Canada Labour Relations Board,
established by P.c. 1954-1727 amended by
P.c. 1966-1168. Office consolidation. Ot-
tawa, Quen's Printer, 1967. 8p.
57. Lois, statuts, etc. Loi sur 1a sécurité
de la vieillesse, S.R.C. 1952, c.200 et Ré-
glements sur la sécurité de la vieille.fse éta-
bUes par C.P. 1965-1166. 16p.
FOR PATIENT PROTECTION
POSEY BELT No. 4157
This Posey Belt moy be used on 0 potient in
a chair or bed. When used on a patient in a
chair, it is slipped over the patient's head with
the sl iding section of the belt in the front of
the potient. The long strop goes in bock of the
potient; the ends ore token bock of the choir
ond hooked together. When this Posey Belt is
usen on a patient in bed, it is slipped over the
potient's heod, with the long strop ot the po.
tient's bock. The snops on the belt ore hooked
to a strap with a "D" ring which has been
ottoched to the spring roil of the bed. Mode of
2" heovy webbing. Moy be loundered. Avail.
able in small, medium and large sizes. No.
4157. $9.90 ea.
"
C) 0 0
. . .
-d
THE POSEY MITT
To limit patient's hand activity. An adjustable
strap ottoched to the mitt and the side rail ot
the spring determine limit of movement. Can
be laundered by ordinary methods. Comforto.
ble, and prevents patient's scratching, pulling
out cotheter, nasal tube, etc. Avo ilable Small,
Medium ond Large. No. C.212-(both sides
flexible) $6.30 each - $12.60 per pair. No.
R-212-(polm side rigid) $6.60 each-$13.20
per pair.
"
'"
"'-
,
'",
.......
,
· .''fj ( :
< ...
<.,
'""
"-
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WRIST OR ANKLE RESTRAINT
A friendly restroint available in infant, small,
medium and large sizes. Also widely used for
holding extremity during intravenous injection
No. P.450, $6.00 per poir, $12.00 per set. With
DECUBITUS padding, No. P.450A, $7.00 per
pair, $14.00 per set.
POSEY PRODUCTS
Stocked in Canada
B. C. HOLLINGSHEAD LIMITED
64 Gerrard Street, E,
Toronto 2, Canada
THE CANADIAN NURSE 55
accession list
58. Ministère de la Santé nationale et du
Bien-être social. La mère canadienne et
son enfant. 300. Ottawa, Imprimeur de la
Reine. 1967. 176p.
59. Ministère du Travail. Direction de
I'Economique et des Recherches. La déter-
mination des salaires au Canada par George
Saunders. Ottawa, 1965. 46p.
60. National Research Council of Can-
ada. Report 1965-66. Ottawa, Queen's
Printer. 1966. 44p.
61. Royal Commission on Health Ser-
vices. The health of the Canadian people
by Robert Kohn. Ottawa, Queen's Printer,
1967. 412p.
Ontario
62. Dept. of Labour. Women's Bureau.
Law and the woman in Ontario. Toronto,
19671 16p.
United States
63. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel.
fare. Public Health. Service. A handbook
of heart terms. Washington, V.S. Govt.
Print. Off., 1964. 66p. (V.S. Public Health
Service publication no. 1073)
64. . A program for research
in health economics by Herman M. Somers
and Anne R. Somers. Washington, 196. 43p.
(V.S. Public Health Service. Health Econ-
omics Series no. 7.)
65. Dept. of Labor. Bureau of Employ-
ment Security. Health manpower. Washing-
ton, V.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1966. 94p.
STUDIES DEPOSITED IN CNA REPOSITORY
COLLECTION
66. Preparation of university teachers of
nursing in Canada: proposals for the pro-
fessional education component of a mas-
ter's program by Shirley Ruth Good. New
York, cl967. 152p. Thesis - Teachers
College. Columbia University. R.
67. Report on visits to nursing education
centers and controlling authorities in Can-
ada and the United States with implications
and recommendations for Nova Scotia by
Margaret A. Beswetherick. Halifax, Regis-
tered Nurses' Association of Nova Scotia,
1967. 140p. R.
68. The self as a philosophical concept:
a clarification and specification of its dim-
ensions for more meaningful interpersonal
encounter in psychiatric nursing by John
M. Binas. Boston, 1967. 57p. Thesis eM.
Sc.N.) Boston. R.
69. Supportive activities of public health
nurses during visits with psychiatric pa-
tients by Marie France Castonguay. New
Haven, Conn., ]967. 117p. Thesis (M.Sc.N.)
Yale. R.
why nol
Cleveland
Here in Cleveland at Mt. Sinai
Hospital, nurses find complete
job satisfaction and opportuni-
ties for advancement. Begin-
ning salaries of $550 a month,
attractive working conditions,
and provisions for educational
assistance are three other rea-
sons why you should consider
this city and Mt. Sinai Hospi-
tal. For more information, write
Nurse Recruiter, Dept. ee.
I!Jl llìl THE MT. SINAI HOSPITAL
R... OF CLEVELAND
UniversIty C"cle. Cleveland OhIo 44106
Request Form for "Accession List"
CANADIAN NURSES' ASSOCIATION LIBRARY
Send this coupon or facsimile to:
LIBRARIAN, Canadian Nurses' Association, 50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario.
Please lend me the following publications, listed in the .............................................................. issue of The
Canadian Nurse, or add my name to the waiting list to receive them when available:
Item
No.
Author
Short title (for identification)
Requests for loans will be filled in order of receipt.
Reference and restricted material must be used in the CNA library.
Borrowe r ....... ............................. .... ..... ...... .... .................. ........ ........ ................... Regi stratio n No. .............. ..... .............
Position ...............................................................................................................................................................................
Ad dress ............................ ................................ ........ .......... .. ...................................................... .............................. ..........
Date of req uest .......... ........... ............... .......................... ........ .... ............................ .................................. ......... ....... .........
56 THE CANADIAN NURSE
SEPTEMBER 1967
,
GO!... Where the ACTION is!
Exciting Albany Medical Center, that's where! You'll enjoy
your work at the fastest-growing teaching hospital in upstate
New York. And you'll enjoy your surroundings, too. . . including
the summer music festivals of the Philadelphia and Boston
Symphony Orchestras. . . thrilling horse racing at Saratoga. . .
scenic Lake George and the Adirondack Mountains. . . and the
bright lights of nearby New York City. Our career opportunities
for nurses are the
est ever! For details, send for our free
booklet, "Albany Medical Center Nurse."
Albany Medical Center Hospital
SEPTEMBER 1967
.
..
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Ormandy conducts at Saratolla Performing Arts Center
.
· Mrs. Helen Middleworth, Director, Nursing Service
· Albany Medical Center Hospital
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. Albany, New York 12208
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Please send me a free copy of your nursing booklet.
NAME ........... .... ....... ............ ......
ADDRESS . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CITY ............. ..STATE
CA.
........ .ZIP.. ......
THE CANADIAN NURSE 57
classified advertisements
ALBERTA
BRITISH COLUMBIA
Wonted Immediately - Diredor of Nurses. Modern
26-bed hospiral close to Edmonton. 3 buses doily.
Salary $500.00 to $550.00 per monlh commensurate
with experience. Residence available at $40.00 per
month. Apply: Administrator, Mayerthorpe General
Hospitol, Mayerthorpe, Alberto. 1-61.1 A
Director of Nursing (Matron) for a modern 37.bed
General Hospital. Salary open. For full particulars
apply to: Two Hills Municipal Hospital, Two Hills,
Alberto. Phone 657-2335.
Registereel Nurses (2) wonted: Good Wages. APply
to: Duclos Hospilal, Bonnyville, Alberto.
Registered Nurses required for a 51-bed active
treatment hospital, situated in east central Alberta.
Salary range from $400 10 $460 commensurate with
experience. Full maintenance in new nurses' resid-
ence for $40 per month, sick leave and pension
benefits available, 4O-hour work week, 21 days plus
statutory holidays after Ihe firsl year, and 2B days
plus statutory holidays afler five years. For further
information kindly contact: W.N. Saranchuk, Admin-
istrator, Elk Point, Municipal Hospital, Elk Point,
Alberto. 1-34-1
Registered Nurses for General Duty in a 32-bed
hospital. Boord and Room $40.00 per monlh. Salary
range $390.00 to $475.00. For further information
contact: The Director of Nursing, St. Theresa Hes.
pital, Ft. Vermilion, Alberto.
NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active 30.bed hospital,
recently constructed building. Town on main line of
the C.P.R. and on Number 1 highway, midway
between the cities of Calgary and Medicine Hat.
Nurses on stoff must be willing and able to take re-
ADVERTISING
RATES
FOR All
ClASSIFIED ADVERTISING
$10.00 for 6 lines or less
$2.00 for each additional line
Rates for display
advertisements on request
Closing date for copy and cancellation is
6 weeks prior to 1st day of publication
month.
The Canadian Nurses' Association has
not yet reviewed the personnel policies
of the hospitals and agencies advertising
in the Journal. For authentic information,
prospective applicants should apply to
the Registered Nurses' Association of the
Province in which they are interested
in working.
Address correspondence to:
The
Canadian ð
Nurse
50 THE DRIVEWAY
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO.
58 THE CANADIAN NURSE
I I
ALBERTA
sponsibílity in all deportments of nursing, with the
exception of the Operating Room. Recently renovated
nurses' residence with all single rooms situated on
hospital grounds. Apply to: Mrs. M. Hislop, Adminis-
trator and Director af Nursing, Bassano General Hos-
pital, Bassano, Alberto 1-5-1
General Duty Nurses for active, accredited, well-
equipped 64-bed hospital in growing town, population
3,500. Salaries range from $380-$440 commensurale
with experience, other benefits. Nurses residence.
Excellent personnel policies and working conditions.
New modern wing opened this year. Good commu-
nications to large nearby cities. Apply Director of
Nursing, Brooks General Hospital, Brooks, Alberta.
1-13-1B
GENERAL DUTY NURSES - Salary range - $4,320
to $5,460 per annum, 40 hour week. Modern living.
in facilities available at moderate rates, if desired.
Civil Service holiday, sick leave and pension bene-
fits. Starting sa1ary commensurate with training
and experience. Apply to: Superintendent of Nurses,
Boker Memorial Sanatorium, Box 72, Calgary,
Alberto. 1.14-3 A
GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 94-bed General Hos-
pital located in Alberla's unique Badlands. $380-
$440 per monlh, approved AARN and AHA per.
sonnel policies. Apply to: Miss M. Hawkes, Director
of Nursing, Drumheller General Hospital, Drumhel-
ler, Alberto. 1-31-2A
Gen.rol Duty Nurses for 64-bed active treatment
hospital, 35 miles south of Calgary. Salary range
$3BO - $450. Living accommodation available in sep-
arate residence if desired. Full maintenance in
residence $45.00 per month. Excellent Personnel
Policies and working conditions. Please apply to:
The Director of Nursing, High River General Hos-
pital, High River, Alberto. 1-46-IA
GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Modern 26-bed hospital
close to Edmonton. 3 buses doily. 50 lory $380 to
$450 per month commensurate with expenence.
Residence available at $40.00 per month. Excellent
personnel policies. Apply: Director of Nursing,
Mayerthorpe Municipal Hospital, Mayerthorpe, Al-
berto. 1-61-1
General Duty Nursing positions are available in a
100
bed convalescent rehabilitation unit forming
port of a 330.bed hospital complex. Residence
available. Salary 1967 - $3BO to $450. per mo.
196B - $405 to $485. Experience recognized. For
full particulars contact Director of Nursing Service,
Auxiliary Hospital, Red Deer, Alberto.
G.n.rol Duty Nurses required by 150-bed general
hospital presently expanding to 230 beds. Salary
1967, $3BO to $450; 1968 - $405 to $485. Experi-
ence recognized. Residence available. For particulars
contact Director of Nursing Service, Red Deer
General Hospital, Red Deer, Alberta.
Graduate Nurses for G.n.ral Duty. Basic salary
$380, annual increments. Policies as recommended
by AARN. Apply to: Administrator, Providence Hos-
pital, High Prairie, Alberto. 1-45-1
Public Health Nurs. required by the Athabasca
Health Unit sub-office at Lac La Biche, Alberto.
P.H.N. preferred, R.N. considered. Salary in accord.
ance with experience and qualifications. For further
information apply Medical Officer of Health, Atha-
basca Heolth Unit, 80x 1140, Athabasca, Alberto.
Enquiries ar. invited from persons interested in
challenging teaching positions in a two-year di.
ploma nursing program in a Junior College. Appli.
cants must have a baccalaureate degree in nursing
and at least two years of teachi.,g experience.
Positions available in 1968. Apply, Chairman,
Deportment of Nursing Education, Mounl Royal
Junior College, Calgary, Alberto.
Nurses required for a 5O-bed AUXILIARY HOSPITAL
in town of 4000. Salay range $3BO - $450. Experi-
ence recognized. Residence accommodation avail.
able. Policies available on request. Apply to Mrs.
A. Tetarenko, R.N., Director of NUf$ing, Wainwright.
Provost Auxiliary Hospital, Wainwright, Alberto.
I I
Operating Room Supervisor: Applications are invited
for the above position. Qualifications required -
Registered Nurse with a postgraduate course in
O.R. Management or the equivalent in experience.
RNABC personnel policies in effecl. Apply in writing
to Director of Nursing, Chilliwack General Hospital
Chilliwack. B.C. '
ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL, VICTORtA, B.C.: Invites
B.C. Registered Nurses (or Ihose eligible) to apply
for these positions: SUPERVISOR for a 42-bed Psychia.
tric Unit. HEAD NURSE for modern Posr-Operative
Recovery Room. GENERAL STAFF for Psychiatric Unil.
Apply indicating preparation and experience to:
Director of Nursing, Victoria, British Columbia.
2-76.4A
Op.rotIßg Room Head Nurs. ($464 - $552), G.nerol
Duty Nurses (B.C. Regist.red $405. $481, non-Regis-
tered $390) for fully accredited 113-bed hospital in
N.W. B.C. Excellent fishing, skiing, skating, curling
and bowling. Hot springs swimming nearby. Nurses'
residence, room $20 per month. Cafeteria meals.
Apply: Director af Nursing, Kitimat General Hospital,
Kitimat, British Columbia. 2-36-1
Registered Nurs. with prov.n O.R. .xp.rienc. for
Y2 time service in O.R., Y2 time to establish in-
service training programs, for small peripheral hos.
pitals. For information: Apply: Director of Nursing,
Fraser Canyon Hospital, R.R. No. I, Hope, British
Columbia. 2-30-1 A
B.C. R.N. for Gen.ral Duty in 32 bed General Hospi-
tal. RNABC 1967 salary rate $390 - $466 and fringe
benefits, modern, comfortable, nurses' residence in
attractive community close to Vancouver, B.C. For
application form write: Director of Nursing, Fraser
Canyon Hospital, R.R. I. Hope, B.C. 2-30.1
Registered or non-r.gistered G.neral Duty Nurs.s
and Nursing Assistants (3 required immediately)
for new 31-bed, active treatment hospital, located
in the South Cariboo. Personnel pol icies in ac
cordance with RNABC. Nurses' residence available.
Apply in writing to: Director of Nursing, 100 Mile
District General Hospital, 100 Mile House, British
Columbia. 2-50-2
G.neral Duty Nurses for active 30-bed hospital.
RNABC pol icies and schedules in effect, also North-
ern allowance. Accommodations available in res-
idenc.. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital.
Fort Nelson, Brilish Columbia. 2-23.'
GENERAL DUTY NURSES (Two) for aClive 66-bed
hospital, with new hospital to open in 1968.
Active in.service programme. Salary range $390 to
$466 per month. Personnel policies according to
current RNABC contract. Hospital situated in beauti.
ful East Kootenays of British Columbia, wilh swim-
ming, golfing and skiing facilities readily available
Apply to: The Director of Nursing, St. Eugene Hos-
pital, Cranbrook, British Columbia. 2-15-1
G.nerol Duty Nurs.s for modern 85-bed hospilal.
Salary $390.00 to $466.00. Recognition for experi.
ence. Industry - gas. oil and agriculture. Situated
60 miles from Peace River Dam Project. Apply:
Director af Nursing, Providence Hospital, Fort St.
John, B.C. 2-24-1
G.n.røl Duty Nurses for new 30-bed hospilal
located in excellent recreational area. Salary and
personnel policies in accordance with RNABC. Com.
fortable Nurses' home. Apply: Director of Nursing,
80undary Hospital, Grand Forks, British Columbia.
2-27-2
Gen.rol Duty Nurse for 54.bed aclive hospital in
northwestern B.C. Salaries: B.C. Registered $405, B.C.
Non-Registered, $390, RNABC personnel policies
in effect. Planned rotation. New residence, room and
board: $55/m. T.V. and good social activities.
Write: Director of Nursing, Box 1297, Terrace, British
Columbia. 2-70-2
GRADUATE NURSES: For permanent stoff or holiday
relief. In active l64-bed acute General Hospital
with full accreditation, located in the Columbia
River Volley in southeastern British Columbia. Un-
(Continued on page 60)
SEPTEMBER 1967
200,000 more
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there are over
who need your help!
REGISTERED NURSES e PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES
CERTIFIED NURSING ASSISTANTS
Have you considered a Career with the...
Indian Health Services of MEDICAL SERVICES
DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE
for further information write to: MEDICAL SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE, OTTAWA, CANADA
I
NEED
YOU
NURSES
EXECUTIVE AND GENERAL DUTY STAFF
.,..
"I!'"'
\.,
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'"
..
....
1I
'.
Victoria Hospital - London, Ontario
- .....
.... ...
1
OPPORTUNITIES
-
Unlimited challenge fa progress within a modern, 1,000 bed teach-
ing hospital, affiliated wifh The University of Western Onfario,
(situated in the heart of Southwestern Ontario.) Wide choice of
specialties includes:-
MEDICINE
OBSTETRICS
OPERATING ROOM
INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
DIALYSIS UNIT
SURGERY
PAEDIATRICS
RECOVERY ROOM
CORONARY CARE UNIT
PSYCHIATRY
TO CARE FOR ME AT
U.S. PHS ALASKA NATIVE HOSPITALS
WANTED: PROFESSIONAL NURSES FOR
CIVIL SERVICE POSITIONS
EXCELLENT SALARIES
PROMOTIONAL OPPORTUNITIES
TRAVEL
CIVIL SERVICE BENEFITS
NEW EXPERIENCES
For Details W rite To:
AREA PERSONNEL OffiCER
U.S. PHS ALASKA NATIVE HEALTH AREA OfFICE
BOX 7-741
ANCHORAGE, ALASKA
EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER
BENEFITS
-Top salaries and personnel policies
--40.hour work week
-28 days vacation, executive nursing personnel
-21 days vacation, general duty staff
-18 days sick leave
FOR FURTHER DET AtLS WRITE TO:
Director of Nursing
VICTORIA HOSPITAL
London - Ontario
SEPTEMBER 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 59
BRITISH COLUMBIA
limited social and sports aclivities including golf,
tennis, swimming, skiing and curling. 40 hour week:
Starting salary after regislration $390 rising to $466.
Four weeks annual vacation, 10 statutory holidays,
1 J/2 days sick leave per month cumulative to 120
days. Employer-employee participation in medical
coverage and superannuation. Residence accommoda-
tion. For further information apply to: Direclor of
Nursing, Trail-Tedonec Hospital, Trail, British Co-
lumbia.
GENERAL DUTY NURSES - for 109-bed hospital in
expanding Northwestern British Columbia City. Salary
$405 to $481 for B.e. Registered Nurses with recogni-
tion for experience. RNABC contract in effect. Gradu-
ote Nurses not registered in B.e. paid $390. Benefits
include comprehensive medical and pension plans.
Travel allowance up to $60 refunded after one
year's service. Comfortable, modern residence accom-
modation at $15 per month, meols at cost. Apply to:
Director of Nursing, Prince Rupert General Hospital,
551-5th Avenue East, Prince Rupert, B.C. 2-58-2A
General Duty Nurses for well-equipped 63-bed gen-
eral hospital in beautiful inland Valley adiacent
Lake Kathlyn and Hudson Bay Glacier. Boating,
fishing, swimming, golfing, curling, skating, skiing.
Salary $390 - $405. Maintenance $60.00, 40 hour -
5 day week, Vacation with pay - Comfortable, at-
tractive nurses' residence. Apply to: Director of
Nursing, Bulkley Valley District Hospital, P.O. 80x
370, Smilhers, B.e. 2oÓ7-1
General Duty Nu...... needed for aclive 45-bed
hospital - Central B.e. R.N.A. salary scale and
personnel policies in effect. Salary recognition
given for experience. Overtime paid. Modern
Nurses' Residence available. New hospilal planned
for near future. Write Director of Nursing, St.
John Hospital, Vanderhoof, B.e.
General Duty and Operating Roam Nurses for 70-bed
Acure General Hospilal on Pacific Coast. B.e. Regis-
tered $390 - $466 per month (Credit for experience).
Non B.e. Regisrered $375 - Practical Nurses B.e. Li-
censed $273 - $311 per month. Non Registered $253-
$286 per month. Board $20 per month, room $5.00 per
month. 20 paid holidays per year and 10 statutory
holidays after 1 year. Fare paid from Vancouver.
Superannuation and medical plans. Apply: Director of
Nursing, St. George's Hospital, Alert Boy, British
Columbia. 2-2-1 A
General Duty, O.R. and experienced Obstetrical
Nurses for modern, ISO.bed haspital located in the
beautiful Fraser Valley. Personnel policies in aC-
cordance with RNABe. Apply 10: Director of Nursing,
Chilliwack General Hospilal, Chilliwack, British Co.
lumbia. 2.13-1
General Duty, Operaling Raam and Experienced
Obstetrical Nurses for 434.bed hospital with schoal
of nursing. Salary: $372-$444. Credit for past ex.
perience and postgraduate training. 4O-hr. wk. Stat.
utory holidays. Annual increments; cumulative lick
leave; pension plan. 28-daYI annual vacation; B.C.
registration requir;;J. Apply: Director of Nursing,
Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, British
Columbia. 2-73-13
General Duty and Operating Roam Nurses tor
modern 450-bed hospital with School of Nursing.
RNABC policies in effect. Credit for past experience
and postgraduate training. British Columbia registra-
tion required. For particulars write to: the Director of
Nursing Service, St. Joseph's Hospital, Victoria, Bri-
tish Columbia. 2-76-5
GRADUATE NURSES for 24-bed hospital, 35-mi. from
Vancouver, an coast, salary and personnel prac-
tices in accord with RNABC. Accommodation availa-
ble. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospilol,
Squamish, British Calumbia. 2-68.1
Graduate Nu.... for General Duty in modern 188-
bed hospital in city (20,000) on Vancouver Island.
Personnel policies in accordance wilh RNABC poli
cies. Starting salary for R.N. $372. per manth. Ap-
ply ta: Direclår of Nursing, Regional General Hos-
pital, Nanaimo, British Columbia. 2.46-1
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES: B.e. Civil Service. Salary:
$476-$580 per month, car provided. Inleresfing and
challenging professional service with opportunities for
transfer throughoul beautiful B.e. Apply to: B.e.
Civil Service Commission, 544 Michigan Street,
VICTORIA, B.e.
COMPETITION Na. 67:57. 2-76.7
60 THE CANADIAN NURSE
I I
MANtTOaA
Director af Nursing wanred for 20-bed hospital in
Southwestern Manitoba. Living-in accommodation
available in Residence. Personnel Policies include a
wide range of fringe benefits. Salary negotiable on
basis of past experience and qualifications Please
direct enquiries 10 Mr. J. G. Donald, Administralor,
Reston Community Hospital, Reston, Manitoba.
Registered Nu..e: Required for 50.bed general hospital
in Fort Churchill, Manitoba. Starling salary $500 per
month. Return fare from Winnipeg refunded after one
year's service. For particulars write to: Director of
Nursing, General Hospital, Fort Churchill, Manitoba.
3-75-1
Registered Nu... for 18-bed haspital at Vita, Maniloba,
70 miles from Winnipeg. Daily bus service. Salary
range $390 - $475, with allowance for experience.
40 hour week, 10 statutory holidays, 4 weeks paid
vacation after one year. Full maintenance available
far $SO per month. Apply: Matran, Vita District
Hospital, Vita, Manitoba. 3-68-1
Registered Nurses and Licensed Practical Nurses
required for 21-bed hospital at Rossburn, Manitoba.
Salary: R.N:s-$395-$480, L.P.N:s-$275.$315. Good
personnel policies. For further information contact
(Mrs.) A. M. Sti", D.O.N., Rossburn Medical Nurs-
ing Unit, Rossburn, Manitoba. 3-49-1
Gen.rat Duty Regist.red Nu.... far 34-bed hospital.
Salary $395 10 $455. Four annual increments af
$15. Forty hour week equivalent. For particula..
and personnel policies contact Director of Nurses,
Souris District Hospital, Souris, Manitoba.
NOVA SCOTIA
Registered Nurses for 21-bed hospital in pleasant
community - Eastern Shore of Nova Scotia. Apply:
Superintendent, Eastern Shore Memorial Hospital,
Sheet Harbour, Nova Scotia. 6-32-1
Regist.red and GradUale Nurses for General Duty.
New hospital with all modern conveniences, also,
new nurses' residence available. South Shore Com-
munity. Apoly 10: Superintendent, Queens General
Hospital, Liverpool, Nova Scotia. 6-20-1
GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Posilions available for
Regislered Qualified General Duty Nurses for 138-
bed active treatment hospital. Residence accam.
modation available. Applications and enquiries will
be received by: Director of Nursing, 8lanchard-Fraser
Memorial Hospital, Kentville, Nova Scolia. 6-19.1
ONTARIO
DIRECTOR OF NURSING. Applicatians are sought for
the above position at Geraldton District Hospital
(45-beds, 12 bassinelS). Qualifications ta be cited
must include membership of the Registered Nurses'
Association of Ontario, and evidence of formal train-
ing and experience in nursing administration. A
full position description is available on request
from: The Administrator, Gerald.on Diltrict Hospital,
Geraldton. Ontario.
Registered Nurse and Technician required for O.R.
Department of 81-bed hospilal. Apply: Direclor of
Nursing, Alexandra Marine and General Hospital,
Goderich, Ontaria. 7.51.1
Registered Nurses for 34-bed hospital, min. salary
$415 with regular annual increments to maximum
of $495. 3.wk. vacotion with pay; sick leave after
6-mo. service. All Staff - 5 day 4O-hr. wk., 9
statutary holidays, pension plan and other benefilS.
Apply 10: Superintendent, Englehart & District Hos-
pital, Englehart, Ontario. 7.40-1
REGISTERED NURSES (IMMEDIATELY) for a new 40.
bed hospital. Nurses' residence - private rooms with
bath - $20 per month. Minimum salary $415 plus
experience allowance, 4 semi-annual increments.
Reply to: The Director of Nursing, Geraldton District
Hospital, Geraldton. Ontaria. 7-50-IA
REGISTERED NURSES for General Duty in 29-bed
aclive treatment hospital. Salary $415 to $455. 3
week vacation, 8 Statutory holidays. 40 hour week.
Excellent personnel policies. Apply - Administratrix,
Bingham Memoriai Hospital, Matheson, Ontario.
I I
ONTARIO
REGISTERED NURSES required for too.bed hospital in
the Model Town of the North. All usual fringe
benefits available and a limited amount of living-in
accommodation. Salary range for general duty nurses
$415 - $485 depending on qualifications and ex-
perience. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Sensenbren-
ner Hospital, Kapuskasing, Ontario. 7oÓ2-1
Regist.red Nurse.. Applications and enquiries are
invited for general duty positions 0", the staff of the
Manitouwadge General Hospital. Excellent salary
and fringe benefits. Liberal policies regarding ac-
commodation and vacation. Modern well-equipped
33-bed hospital in new mining lown, about 250'mi.
east of Port Arthur and north-west of White River,
Ontaria. Pop. 3,500. Nurses.' residence comprises indi.
vidual self-contained apts. Apply, stating qualifica-
tions, experience, age, marital status, phone number,
etc. to the Administratar, General Hospital, Mani-
touwadge, Onlario. Phone 826-3251 7-74.1 A
REGtSTERED NURSES required immediately for 53-
bed hospilal. Minimum salary $415. Three weeks
vacation, pension, life and medical insurance, B
statutory holidays, AO hour week. Air, rail and road
communicafion. Northern hospitality. Apply ta: Direc.
tor of Nurses, Porcupine General Hospital, South
Porcupine, Onto 7-123-1
Regist.red Nurses for 18-bed (expanding 10 36-bed)
General Hospital in Mining and Resort town of 5,000
people. Beautifully located on Wawa Lake, 140 miles
north of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Wide variety af
summer and winter sports including swimming, boat-
ing, fishing, golfing, skating, curl ing and bowl ing.
Six churches of different failhs. Salaries comparable
with all northern hospilals. Limited bed and board
available at reasonabltt rate. Excellent personnel
policies, pleasant working conditions. HEAD NURSE
OPERATING ROOM NURSE with some formal pre-
paration and/or adequate experience. Apply 10:
Director of Nursing, The Lady Dunn General Hos-
pital, Box 179, Wawa, Ontario.
Regist.red Nurs.. and Registered Nursing Assistants
(immediately) for 32-bed hospital in northwestern
Ontaria. Please apply to: Director of Nursing, Ati-
kokan General Hospital, Atikokan, Ontaria. 7-5-1
Regist.red Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants
for tOO-bed General Hospilal, situated in Northern
Ontario. Salary range $415 - $455 per month, RNA's
$273 - $317 per manth, shift differential, annual
increments, 40 hour week, OHSC and P.S.I. plans in
effecl. Accommodation available in residence if
desired. For full particulars apply 10: The DireClor
of Nurses, Lady Minta Hospital, Cochrane, Ontaria.
7.30-1 B
Regist.red Nune. and Registered Nursing AI.i.fants
are invited to make application to our 75-bed,
modern General Hospital. You will be in the Vaca-
tionland of the North, midway between the lakehead
and Winnipeg, Manitoba. Basic wage for Registered
Nurses is $408 and for Registered Nursing Assistants
is $285 with yearly increments and consideration for
experience. Write or phone: The Director of Nursing,
Dryden District General Hospital, DRYDEN, Ontario.
7-26-1 A
Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants
for l60-bed accredited hospilal. Starting salary $415
and $285 respectively with regular annual incre-
ments for botn. Excellent personnel policies. Resid-
ence accommodation available. Apply to: Director af
Nursing, Kirkland & District Hospital, Kirkland Lake,
Ontaria. 7oÓ7-1
Registered Nurlel and Regist.red Nuning A.sistant..
Starting Salary for R.N. is $415 and far R.N.A is $300.
Allowance for experience. Excellent fringe benefits.
Write: Mrs G. Gordon, Superintendent, Nipigon Dis-
trier Memorial Hospital, Box 37, Nipigon, Ontaria.
7.B7-1
Registered NUrie and Registered Nurling Alsiltant.
in modern 100.bed hospital, situated 40 miles from
O"awa. Excellent personnel policies. Residence
accommodation available. Apply to: Director of
Nursing, Smiths Falls Public Hospital, Smiths Falls,
Ontario. 7-120.2A
Registered or Graduate Nurl.., reQuired for modern
92-bed hospital. Residence accommodotion $20 month-
ly. Overseas nurses welcome. Lovely old Scottish
Tow", near Otlawa. Apply: Director of Nursing, The
Great War Memorial Hospital, Perth, Ontaria. 7-100-2
REGISTERED NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active
accredited well equipped 2B.bed hospital. 30 mile.
from Ottawa. Residence accommodation. Good per-
sonnel policies. Apply fa: Administratrix, KempfviJIe
District Hospital, Kemptville. Ontario. 7-63.t
SEPTEMBER 1967
SUNNYBROOK
HOSPIT AL
REGISTERED NURSES
General Duty Nurses on rotating
shifts are needed as part of the
re-organization of Sunnybrook as
a university teaching hospital.
Employment in our Nursing Ser-
vices Department includes:
- Metro Toronto Salary Scale
Accommodation at reduced
rates. Full range of fringe
benefits
- Three weeks vacation after
1 year
- Good location
subway on
grounds.
bus from
to hospital
For additional in/ormation,
please write:
Director of Personnel
and Public Relations,
SUNNYBROOK HOSPITAL
2075 Bayview Avenue
Toronto 12, Ontario
SEPTEMBER 1967
DIRECTOR OF NURSES
The Dr. Charles A. Janeway Child Health Centre invites
applications for the position of Director of Nurses to be respons-
ible for the administration of all nursing services within the
hospital.
Qualifications include graduation from an approved
School of Nursing with experience or preparation in patient
care administration. Post-graduate study in paediatric nursing
desirable, but not essential.
Salary commensurate with training, experience and
ability. Generous personnel policies. New modern electrically
heated apartment available at reasonable rent in adjacent
hospital apartment complex.
This is a modern 292 bed paediatric hospital opened in
1966 to serve Newfoundland and Labrador with a full range
of services to children up to 16 years of age. Medicine, Sur-
gery, Orthopedics, Psychiatry, Cardio Respiratory, Out-Patients,
Emergency and other departments organized and operating.
Diagnostic and Therapeutic facilities excellent. Teaching pro-
gramme for internes and student nurses on affiliated basis.
This hospital is located in a city of 100,000 population
offering wide variety of educational, cultural and entertain-
ment activities.
Excellent opportunity in this challenging position for
further development of nursing services in this progressive
hospital.
Please direct enquiries or applications, stating training,
experience and references to:
THE ADMINISTRATOR,
THE DR. CHARLES A. JANEWAY CHILD HEALTH CENmE
PLEASANTVILLE, ST. JOHN'S, NEWFOUNDLAND
THE CANADIAN NURSE 61
THE HOSPITAL
FOR
SICK CHILDREN
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Receive the advantages of:
1. Five-week
gram for
orientation
new staff.
pro-
2. Ongoing in-service education
for nurses.
3. Extensive student education
program.
4. Research Institute.
APPLICATION FOR GENERAL
DUTY POSITIONS INVITED
For information contact:
THE DIRECTOR Of NURSING
555 University Avenue
Toronto, Canada
62 THE CANADIAN NURSE
ONTARIO
Registered Nurses for Generol Duty in loo.bed hos-
pital, located 30-mi. from Ottawa, are urgently re-
quired. Good personnel policies, accommodation
available in new staff residence. Apply: Director of
Nursing, District Memorial Hospital, Winchester, On-
torio. 7.144-1
Registered Nurses for Generol Stoff ond Operoting
Room. Accredited 235-bed, modern, General Hospital.
Good personnel pol icies. Beginning solory $400 per
month, recognition for experience, annual bonus plan.
Planned in-service programs. Assistance with trans-
portation Apply: Director of Nursing, Sudbury Me.
morial Hospital, Regen' Street, S., Sudbury, Ontario.
7-127.4 A
Generol Duty Nurses for 66-bed General Hospital.
Starting salary: $40S/m. Excellent personnel policies.
Pension plan, life insurance, etc., residence accom-
modation. Only 10 min. from downtown Buffalo.
Apply: Director of Nursing, Douglas Memorial Hos-
pital, Fort Erie, Ontario. 7-45-1
General Duty Nurses, Certified Nursing Assistants &
Operoting Room T echnicion (1) for new SO-bed hos-
pital with modern equipment, 40-hr. wk., 8 statutory
hol idays, excellent personnel pol icies & opportunity
for advancement. Tourist town on Georgian Bay.
Good bus connections to Toronto. Apply to: Director
of Nurses, General Hospital, Meaford, Ontario. 7.79-1
Generol Stoff Nurses ond Registered Nursing Assi..
tants are required for a modern, well-equipped General
Hospital currently expanding ta 167 beds. Situated in
a progressive community in South Western Ontario, 30
miles from Windsor-Detrait Border. Salary scaled to
experience and Qualifications. Excellent employee
benefits and working conditions plus an opportunity
to work in a Patient Centered Nursing Service. Write
for further information to: Miss Patricia McGee, B.
Sc.N., Reg.N. Director of Nursing, Leamington District
Memorial Hospital, Leamington, Ontario. 7-69-1 A
Registered Nurses for Generol Duty in well-equipped
2B-bed hospital, located in growing gold mining
and tourist area, north of Kenora, Ontario. Modern
residence with individual rooms; room, board and
uniform laundry only $50/m, 4O-hr. wk., no split shift,
cumulative sick time, 8 statutory holidays and 28
day paid vacation after one year. Starting salary
$430. Apply to: Matron, Margaret Cochenour Memo-
rial Hospital, Cochenour, Ontario. 7
29-1
Registered Generol Duty Nurses required for B I-bed
hospital. Salary range $400-$445 per month accord-
ing to experience and Qualifications. Residence aC-
commodation available. Attractive new hospital, good
working conditions. Apply: Director of Nursing,
Alexandra Marine and General Hospital, Goderich,
Ontario. 7.51.1 A
Generol Duty Nurs.. for 100-bed modern hospital.
Southwestern Ontario, 32 mi. from London. Salary
commensurate with experience and ability; S398/m
basic salary. Pension plan. Apply giving full par-
flcuJars to: The Director of Nurses, District Memorial
Hospital, Tillsonburg, Ontario. 7-131.1
OPERATING ROOM NURSES (2) for a fully ac.
credited 70-bed General Hospital. For Operating
Room Duty. Salary according to experience. Apply to:
O.R. Supervisor, Penetanguishene General Hospital,
Penefanguishene, Ontario. 7-99-2
OPERATING ROOM NURSE ond CENTRAL SUPPLY
SUPERVISOR: wanted for 50-bed hospital. State ex.
perience and references. Apply to: Administrator,
Saugeen Memorial Hospital, Southampton, Ontario.
Qualified Public Health Nurses required for expand-
ing generalized program in leading resort area.
Attractive salary ranges, fringe benefits, and travel
allowance. For full details please contact: W. H.
Bennett, M.D., D.P.H., Medical Officer of Health,
Muskoka and District Health Unit, Box 1019, Brace-
bridge, Ontario. 7-15-2
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE for Brant County Health
Unit. Salary Range $5,200-$6,400; experience recog-
nized. Fringe benefits: 50% of PSI and Hospitaliza-
tion, Participation in OMERS pension plan; cumu-
lative sick leave. Basic car allowance with mileage.
One month annual holiday. Apply to Dr. W. E.
Page, M.O.H., Brant County Health Unit, 194 Terrace
Hill Street, Branrford, Ontario.
Public Health Nurses for Health Unit in Northern
Ontario. Generalized Program. Good salary and
personnel policies. Apply: Supervisor of Nurses,
Porcupine Health Unit, Timmins, Ontario. 7-132.2
Public Heolth Nurses - Generol Progrom. Salary
Range $5,666 to $6,926 by Increments of $157 at
intervals of six months. Starting salary related to
experience. Generous Car Allowance. Cumulative
Sick Leave, One Month's Vacation. Employer shared
I I
ONTARIO
pension plan, medical and hospital insurance. Ap-
ply to: Dr. E. G. Brown, Kent County Health Unit,
21
venth Street, Chatham, Ontario.
Public Heolth Nurses (qualified) for Stormont, Dun.
das and Glengarry Health Unit, Cornwall, located in
the Seaway Valley areo. Generalized programme.
Shared pension plan, hospital ization, P .5.1. Generous
car allowance. Vacation, cumulative sick leave. Sa-
lary minimum $5,250 - maximum $6,500. Annual in.
crements $250. Allowance made for experienced
nurses. Apply to: Dr. R.V. Peters, Director and
Medical Officer of Health, S.D. and G. Health Unit,
Box 105B. Cornwall, Ontario.
Public Heolth Nurses wanted for scenic urban and
rural health unit, close to the capital city, in the
upper Ottawa Valley tourist area. Good summer
and winter recreational facilities. Salary range
$S,192 - $6,107. Allowance for experience and/or
degree. Usual fringe benefits. Direct enquiries to
Miss R. Coyne, Supervisor of Nurses, Renfrew
County Health Unit, 169 William Street, Pembroke
Ontario.
Public Heolth Nurses for generalized programme in
a County-City Health Unit. Salary schedule $5,400
to $6,600 per annum. 20 days vacation. Employer
shared pension plan, P.S.I. and hospitalization.
Mileage allowance or unit cars. Apply to: Miss
Veronica O'Leary, Supervisor of Public Health Nurs-
ing, Peterborough County.City Health Unit, P.O.
Box 246, Peterborough, Ontario. 7.101-4A
NURSE with psychiatric or public health training
or both is required in the new Community Psychia-
tric Hospital, Guelph. This person will heod the
development of a nursing service within the out.
patient and day care clinic and within the commu-
nity so as to provide an integrated service. SALARY
scale is competitive with any comparable position
and will depend on qualifications and experience.
APPLICATIONS, including names of three referees,
should be addressed to The Director, Community
Psychiatric Hospital, Guelph, Ontario (8ox 1026).
QUEBEC
Registered Nunes for 30.bed General Hospital. Hun-
tingdon is a small manufacturing town 50 miles
from centre of Montreal. There are excellent social
and recreational facilities. Salaries as approved by
QHIS. Annual vacation 4 weeks, accumulated sick
leave. Blue Cross paid. Bonus for permanent night
shift. Full maintenance available for $43.50 per
month. Apply: Mrs. D. Hawley, R.N., Huntingdon
County Hospital, Huntingdon, Quebec. 9-29-1
REGISTERED NURSES for modern SO-bed general
hospital expanding to 150 beds, located in an at-
tractive, dynamic, sports oriented community 50
miles south of Montreal. Salaries and fringe bene-
fits comparable to Montreal. Apply to: Director of
Nursing, Brome-Missisquoi-Perkins Hospital, Cowans.
ville, p.a.
OPERATING ROOM STAFF NURSES: (applications are
invited). In a modern 350-bed hospital. Salaries
commensurate with experience and postgraduate
education. Cumulative sick leave, 28 days annual
vacation, retirement plan and other liberal fringe
benefits. Apply: Director of Nursing Service, St.
Mary's Hospital, 3830 Lacombe Avenue, Montreal
26, Quebec. -9-47-39A
SASKATCHEWAN
Registered Nurses ond Certified Nursing AssiSlonts
for 750-bed hospital, close to downtown. Building
and expansion program in progress. SRNA recom-
mended salaries in effect. Experience recognized.
Progressive personnel policies. Apply: Nursing Re-
cruitment Officer, Regina General Hospital, Regina,
Saskatchewan.
MATRON ond GRADUATE NURSES required for 8.bed
hospital in Sauthern Sask. Salary range - Matron
$429 - $544; Graduate Nurse $374 - $474. Qualifica-
tions and experience considered. Three weeks va-
cation plus statutory holidays and 40 hour week.
Personnel policies on request. Apply to: Mrs. D.L.
Knops, Sec.-Treos., Rockglen Union Hospital, Rock.
glen, Saskatchewan. 10-11 0-1
CLiNtCAL tNSTRUCTORS: Regina General Hospital
School of Nursing, has opportunities, available in
a two-year program. Salary Range $S29 - $676
with University Diploma. Apply to: Director of Nurs.
ing Education, Regina General Hospital, Regina,
Saskatchewan.
SEPTEMBER 1967
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UNIVERSITY
OF ALBERTA
HOSPITAL
EDMONTON, ALBERTA,
CANADA
A 1,200 bed teaching hospital, with a School of Nursing of 450 students. A rapidly expanding Medical
Center, situated on a growing University Campus.
NURSING OFFERS
* planned Orienfotion Progromme
* In Service Education Programme
* Organized programme ta provide op-
portunities for Team leaders, leader.
ship Responsibility
* Opportunities for Professional develop.
ment in O.R., Coronary Care, Cordioc
Surgery, Renal Dialysis, Neurosurgery,
and Rehabilitation
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BENEFITS
* Excellenf Patient Ca.e Facilities
* Salary scaled to qualification and ex-
perience
* Liberal personnel policies
SCHOOL OF NURSING
WOODSTOCK
GENERAL HOSPITAL
WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO
Will require
TEACHERS - AUGUST, 1967
For the approved two year cur-
riculum with a third year of ex-
perience in nursing service. (50
students enrolled annually)
Qualifications: University prepa-
ration in Nursing Education or
Public Health.
Salary: Commensurate with ex-
perience and education.
Apply to:
The Director,School of Nursing,
WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL
Woodstock, Ontario.
SEPTEMBER 1967
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For more information write to:
Director of Nursing
UN IVERSITY
OF ALBERTA
HOSPITAL
Edmonton. Alberta
Canada
THE DR. CHARLES A. JANEWAY
CHILD
HEALTH CENTRE
St. John's, Newfoundland
Invites applications Irom
GRADUATE NURSES
Interested in the nursing of sick
children. Wouldn't you like to
come to the Province of New-
foundland to a new hospital
providing varied paediatric ex-
perience and a challenge to all
nurses who are interesfed and
enthusiastic? A salary increase
has just been granted and an-
other increase is to follow early
next year.
Further details can be obtained
Irom:
The Director of Nursing
THE DR. CHARLES A. JANEWAY
CHILD HEALTH CENTRE
P. O. Box 5578
ST. JOHN'S, NEWFOUNDLAND
AJAX AND
PICKERING
GENERAL HOSPITAL
AJAX, ONTARIO
127 Beds
Nursing the patient as an indi-
vidual. Vacancies, General Duty
R.N.'s and Registered Nursing
Assistants for all areas, Full time
and part time. Salaries as in Me-
tro Toronto. Consideration for ex-
perience and educafion. Excellent
fringe benefits. Residence accom-
modation, single rooms, House-
keeping privileges.
Apply to:
NURSING OFFICE PERSONNEL
THE CANADIAN NURSE 63
SASKATCHEWAN
General Duty and Operating Room Nurses.. allo
Certified Nursing Assistants for S60-bed University
Hospital. Salary commensurate with experience and
preparations. Excellent opportunities to engage in
progressive nursing. Apply: Director of Personnel,
University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
UNITED STATES
REGISTERED NURSES - Southern California - Op-
portunities available - 368-bed modern hospital in
Medical-Surgical, labor and Delivery, Nursery, Ope r .
ating Room and Intensive and Coronary Care Units.
Good salary and Ioberal fringe benefits. Continuing
inservice education program. Located 10 miles from
Los Angeles neor skiing, swimming, cultural and edu-
cational facilities. Temporary living accommodations.
Apply: Director of Nursing Service, Saint Joseph
Hospital, Burbank, California 91503. 15-5-63
REGISTERED NURSES needed for rapidly expanding
general hospital on the beautiful Peninsula near
San Francisco. Outstanding policies and benefits
including generous sick leave and vacation accrual,
temporary accommodations at low cost, paid hos-
pital and major medical insurance, fully refundable
retirement plan, liberal shift differentials, no rot-
ation, exceptional in-service and orientation pro-
grams, sick leave conversion to vacation. paid life
insurance. tuition reimbursement. Salary range $598-
$727. Contact Personnel Administrator, Peninsula
Hospital, 1783 EI Camino Real, Burlingame, Califor-
nia 94010.
Registered Nurses, Career satisfaction. interest and
professional growth unlimited in modern, JCAH aC-
credited 243-bed hospital. located in one of Califor-
nia', finest arees, recreotional, educational and cul-
tural advantages are yours as well as wonderful
year-round cI imate. If this combination is what
you're looking for, contact us nowlStaff nurse en-
trance salary $575.$600 per month; increases to
$700 per month; supervisory positions at highest
rates. Special area and shift differentials to $454. per
month. Excellent benefits include free health and
life insurance, retirement, credit union and liberal
personnel policies. Professional stoff appointments
available in all clinical areas to those eligible for
Cal ifornia I icensure. Write today: Director of Nursing,
Eden Hospital. 20103 lake Chabot Road, Castro Val-
ley, Cal ifornia. 15-5-12
REGISTERED NURSES Opportunities available at
415.bed hospital in Medical.Surgical, labor and
Delivery, Intensive Care, Operating Room and Psy
chiotry. No rotation of shift, good salary, evening
and night differentials, I iberal fringe benefits.
Temporary living accommodations available. Apply:
Miss Dolores Merrell, R.N., Personnel Director, Queen
of Angels Hospital, 2301 Bellevue Avenue, los
Angeles 26, California. 15.5-3G
REGISTERED NURSES - SAN FRANCISCO Children's
Hospital and Adult Medical Center hospital for men,
women and children. California registration required.
Opportunities in all clinical areas. Excellent salaries,
differentials for evenings and nights. Holidays, vaca-
tions, sick leave, life insurance, health insurance and
employer-paid pension-plan. Applications and details
furnished on request. Contact Personnel Director, Chil-
dren's Hospital, 3700 California Street, San Francisco
18, California. 15-5-4
REGtSTERED NURSES: 250.bed General Hospital, ex.
panding to 400, located in San Francisco, California.
Positions on all shifts for nurses in Intensive Care
Unit, Operating Room, and General Staff Duty.
Salary range $600-$700. Health and life Insurance,
Retirement Program - all hospital paid. Liberal
holiday and vacation benefits. Accredited medical
residencies in Medicine, General Surgery, Neuro
Surgery, Orthopedics, and Plastic Surgery. For fur-
ther information write to: Miss Lois John, Director
of Nursing, Franklin Hospital, 14th and Noe Streets,
San Francisco, California. 15-5.4A
REGISTERED NURSES: Mount Zion Hospital and Me.
dicol Center's increased salary scales now double our
attraction for nurses who find they can afford to live
by the Golden Gate. Expansion has created vacancies
for staff and specialty assignments. Address enquiry
to: Personnel Department, 1600 Divisadero Street, San
Francisco, California 94115. An equal opportunity
employer. 15-5-4C
REGISTERED NURSES - General Duty for B4-bed
JCAH hospital 1 1 /2 hours from San Francisco, 2
hours from the lake Tahoe. Starting salary $6oo/m.
with differentials. Apply: Director of Nurses, Mem.
orial Hospital, Woodland, California. 15-5-498
R.N. - NIGHT SUPERVISOR. Excellent Professional
Opportunity in modern 354.bed extended Care fa.
cility. Top Salary. Liberol Benefits. Contact Per-
sonnel Director, ST. ANN'S Home, 1500 Portland
Avenue, Rochester, New York.
64 THE CANADIAN NURSE
I I
UNITED STATES
AnENTION GENERAL DUTY NURSES. 297-bed fully
accredited County Hospital located 2 hrs. drive from
Son Francisco, ocean beaches, and mountain resorts
in modern and progressive city of 40,000. 40 hr.
5 day wk., pd. vacation, pd. holidays, pd. sick
leave, retirement plan, social security and insur-
ance plan. Meals at reasonable rates, uniforms
laundered without charge. Start $530 to $556 mo.
depending on experience plus shift and service
differentials. Merit increases to $644 mo. Must
be eligible for Calif. Registration. Write Director
of Nursing, Stanislaus County Hospital, 830 Scenic
Drive, Modesto, California 95350.
Canadian
chool Registered Nurse Graduates -
Come to California: Join your friends at Sutter
Hospitals in Sacramento. Excellent pay, working
conditions and benefits. The good life in the best of
California. Staff P.M. shift $640. Ngts. $630, P.M.
Surgery $680. Write: Personnel Dept., 2820 - l St.,
Sacramento 958 J 6.
Staff Duty positians (Nurses) in private 403-bed
hospital. Liberal personnel policies and salary. Sub-
stantial differential for evening and night duty.
Write: Personnel Director. Hospital of The Good
Samaritan, 1212 Sholto Street, los Angeles 17,
California. 15-5-3b
NURSES - All SHIFTS, All DEPTS. New Accredited
99-bed Hospitol. Starting Salary $600 month, Plus
Differential, Liberal Benefits - Contact Director
of Nurses, Viewpark Community Hospital, 5035
Coliseum St., los Angeles, California 90016 15-5-3M
Nurses for new 75-bed General Hospital. Resort
area. Ideal climate. On beautiful Pacific ocean.
Apply to: Director of Nurses, Sauth Coast Com.
munity Hospital, South laguna, California. 15-5-50
Wanted - General Duty Nurses. Applications now
being taken for nursing positions in a new addi
tion to the existing hospital including surgery, cen
tral sterile and supply, general duty. Salary $550
per month plus fringe benefits. Contact: Director of
Nurses, Alamosa Community Hospital Alamosa,
Colorado. 15-6-1
REGISTERED NURSES: for 75.bed air.conditioned
hospital, growing community. Starting salary $330
S365/m, fringe benefits, vacation, sick leave, holi-
days, life insurance, hospitalization. 1 meal furnish
ed. Write: Administrator, Hendry General Hospital,
Clewiston, Florida. 15-10-1
R.N.'s Needed - New 50-bed hospital. Salary
Range $500 to $530 plus shift differential, per
month. Blue Cross Blue Shield insurance, paid
vacation. On lake Okeechobee, 40 miles from
West Palm Beach. Write or call collect, Mrs. Hilda
Jensen, Director of Nurses, Everglades Memorial
Hospital, P.O. 80x 659, Pahokee, Florida. Phone
305 924-5201.
GENERAL DUTY AND LICENSED PRACTICAL NURSES:
115-bed JCAH hospital on shores of lake Okeecho.
bee. Liberal personnel policies; starting salary for
RN's. $525 (for lPN's $375) with 10% differential
for each group evenings and nights. Free meals;
nurses' residence available. Apply: Director of
Nurses, Glades General Hospital, Belle Glade, Flo.
rida 33430. 15.10-3A
LADY MINTO HOSPITAL
OFFERS
1. Sfimuloting Environment
2. Sound, liberal personnel policies.
3. R.N. salary range $415 fo $495.
4. Residence available.
Registered Nurses invited to apply to:
Director of Nursing
LADY MINTO HOSPITAL
Chapleau, Ontario
LABORATORY TECHNICIAN
FORT CHURCHILL
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Regisfered laboratory fechnician for 51-
bed acfive treatment haspifal in Northern
Manitoba, with medical staff of three
docfors. Must be able to perform proce-
dures in fields of hematology, bacterio-
logy, grouping and cross.matching blood,
biochemistry. Salary $490--$570 per
monfh plus $20 minimum call back pay.
Apply stating experience and
references to:
The Administrator
FORT CHURCHILL
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Fort Churchill, Manitoba
CITY OF HAMILTON
requires
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES
immediate employment
Must be a Registered Nurse with a Pub-
lic Health Certificate.
5 day, 36 1 /4 hour week
Salary Range $5,692. - $6,550
Starting Salary commensurate with pre-
vious experience.
Top fringe benefits including pension,
sick pay, group insurance, vacations,
statutory holidays, hospitol and medical
plan.
Apply to:
Director of Personnel
CITY HALL
Hamilton
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
AND
DIETITIAN
Applications are invited for the above
posifions in a 65-bed hospital currenfly
undergoing renovations and expanding
to 95 beds by year end.
Excellent personnel policies and salary
commensurate wifh experience and quali-
fications. Hospital located only 10 min-
ufes from downtown Buffalo.
Applications and enquiries should be
directed to:
W. F, Thompson,
Superintendent
DOUGLAS MEMORIAL
HOSPITAL
Fort Erie, Ontario
SEPTEMBER 1967
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES
Qualified Public Health Nurses required
by the City of Regina, Health Deparf-
ment, for general public health nursing
service
Annual increments, vacafion, sick leave
ond pension plans, also $25.00 per month
car allowance.
SALARY: $391.00 to $496.00 per month-
(B. Sc. Degree sfarls at $429.00).
Applications and enquiries should be di-
reeted to :
The Personnel and Industrial
Relations Department
CITY HALL
P.O. Box 1790, Regina, Sask.
MEDICINE HAT
GENERAL HOSPITAL
MEDICINE HAT, ALBERTA
STAFf NURSES
Currenf Recommended
Salary Scales
Apply:
Director of Nursing
or any
CANADA MANPOWER CENTRE
REGISTERED NURSES
For General Duty
with opporfUnify for odvancement and
REGISTERED NURSING
ASSIST ANTS
required for 115-bed chest hospital sifuaf.
ed in Lourentiaa Mountains 55 miles north
of Montreal.
For further particulars and salary scales
write:
Director of Nursing,
P. O. BOX 1000
Ste. Agathe des Monts, P.Q.
SEPTEMBER 1967
I I
UNITED STATES
UNITED STATES
REGISTERED NURSES: Excellent opportunity for ad-
vancement in atmosphere of medical excellence. Pro-
gressive patient care including Intensive Care and
Cardiac Core Units. Finely equipped growing 2OQ-bed
suburban community hospital an Chicago'.s beautiful
North Shore. Modern, furnished apartments are
available for single professional women. Other
fringe benefits include paid vocation after six
months, paid life insurance, 50% tuition refund and
stoff development program. Salary range from $550-
$660 per month plus shift differential. Contact:
Donald l. Thompson. R.N., Director of Nursing,
Highland Pork Hospital, Highland Pork, Illinois
60035. 15-t4-3C
GENERAL DUTY NURSES. Salary, days $500.$550;
p.m. $525.$575; nights $520-$570 per month. In-
creases January I, t967. Excellent benefits. 230.bed
regional referral General Hospital with intensive
care and coronary units. Postgraduate classes avail-
able at two universities. Extensive infern and resi-
dent teaching program Hospital located adjacent to
Northwest's largest private clinic. Free housing first
month. Canadian trained nunes with psychiatric
affiliation please write: Personnel Director, Virginia
Mason Hospitol, 1111 Terry Avenue, Seallle, Wash-
ington 98101. 15-48.2B
STAFF NURSES: University of Washington. 32O-bed
modern, expanding Teaching and Research Hospital
located on campul offers you an opportunity to
join the staff in one of the following specialties:
Clinical Research, Premarure Center, Open Heart
Surgery, Physicol Medicine, Orthopedia, Neurosur-
gery. Adult and Child Psychiatry in addition to
the General Services. Salary: $501 to $576. Unique
benefit program includes free University courses after
six months. For information on opportunities, write
to: Mrs. Ruth Fine. Director of Nur.s;ng Services,
University Hospital. t959 N.E. Pacific Avenue,
Sea"le, Washington 98105. 15-48-2D
Register.d Nursel and Certified Nurling Assistants.
Opening in several areas, all shifts. Every other weelc-
end off, in small community hospital 2 miles from
Boston. Rooms available. Hospital paid life insurance
and other liberal fringe benefits. RN salary $100 per
week, plus differential of $20 for 3-11 p.m. and
11-7 a.m. shifts. C.N. Ass'ts. $80 weekly plus $10 fOr
3-11 p.m. and 11.7 a.m. shifts. Must 'ead, write,
and speak English. Write: Miss Byrne, Director of
Nurses, Chelsea Memo,ial Hospital. Chelsea, Mas-
sachusetts 02150. 15-22-1 C
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University Hospital is pleased to announce that starting pay for night
nurses now ranges from $31.00 to $34.00 per shift ($8,056 to $8,839
for an annual starting salary)-depending on education and experience.
After 4 years service, night nurse salaries range up to $9,622
per year. The base pay for permanent evening and rotating tours
has also been increased plus excellent University Staff benefits are
offered to all nurses.
University Hospital has a Service Department which assigns trained
personnel to handle paperwork and other non-nursing chores,
relieving our nurses for patient care exclusively.
Ann Arbor is nationally known as a Center of Culture with emphasis
on art, music and drama-and recognized as an exciting and desirable
community in which to live.
Write to Mr. Joseph Augustine, Personnel AdmInistrator, Box B,
A600l, University Hospital, University of Michigan for
more information or phone collect (313) 764-2182.
We are an Equal Opportunity Employer
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
MEDICAL CENTER, ANN ARBOR
THE CANADIAN NURSE 65
OSHA W A
GENERAL HOSPITAL
GENERAL DUTY NURSES FOR
ALL DEPARTMENTS
Starfing salary far Ontario Regis-
tered nurses $400 with 5 annual
increments to $480 per month.
Credit for acceptable previous
service - one increase for two
years, two increases for four or
more years.
Non-registered - $360.00
Rotating periods of duty - 3
weeks vacation - 8 statutory
holidays.
One day's sick credit per month
beginning in the 7fh month of
service cumulative to 45 days.
Pension Plan and Group Life
Insurance - Hospital pays 50%
of Medical, Blue Cross and Hos-
pital Insurance premiums.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
OSHA W A GENERAL HOSPITAL
Oshawa, Ontario
POSITIONS ARE AVAILABLE
for
REGISTERED NURSES
with special interest in medical
nursing and rehabilitation of
long term patients.
Salaries recommended by the
Registered Nurses'
Association of Ontario
Inservice educational program-
me developed and
expanding
Residence accommodation avail-
able at a very mod-
erate rate
Transportation advanced, if re-
quested
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
THE QUEEN ELIZABETH HOSPITAL
130 Dunn Avenue
Toronto 3, Onto
66 THE CANADIAN NURSE
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR
Of NURSING
Applications are invited for the
above position in a fully ac-
credited 163-bed General Hos-
pital in beautiful Northern On-
tario.
Desirable qualifications should
include B.S.N. Degree with ex-
perience in supervision.
For further information,
Write to:
Director of Nursing
KIRKLAND and DISTRICT HOSPITAL
Kirkland Lake, Ontario.
NURSING RESEARCH
DIRECTOR
UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL
SASKATOON, SASK.
A Nursing Research Direcfor is required
to direct a two year research program in
nursing to establish criteria for the
quality of nursing care and to derive
staffing patterns to meet quality obiect-
ives. Responsibilities will include laying
out the study methodology, hiring as.
sistants, and co-ordinating the program.
A close relafionship will be maintained
with the Operations Research Work Anal-
ysis, Electronic Data Processing Special-
ists within the Hospital Systems Study
Group, and the Nursing Administrafor.
Qualifications should include 0 Master's
Degree in Nursing plus several years
practical nursing experience.
Salary will be dependent upon qualific-
afions and experience.
Apply to:
Personnel Director
UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
IN-SERVICE
EDUCATION
COORDINATOR
The ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL seeks an
In-5ervice Education Coordinator, respon-
sible to the Administrafor, who will plan,
organize and direcf an existing education
programme.
We seek a person who has demonsfrafed
teaching abilities, initiafive, fact, sound
judgmenf and imagination. Preference
may be given to a person with a Un i-
versify Degree and to one who is fam-
iliar with the hospifol milieu.
The incumbent will:
I) need to work closely wifh members
of the Medical Staff and with all
Deparfment Heads.
2) be given considerable freedom and
responsibility for developing further
fhe existing programme.
Generous fringe benefits are applicable
to this position and a starting salary will
be negotiafed commensurate with the
successful applicant's educafion and ex-
perience.
Applications should be made
in writing to:
Personnel Officer
ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL
Kamloops, B.C.
DIRECTOR
REGIONAL SCHOOL
Of NURSING
Applications are invited for the
position of Director of the Edith
Cavell Regional School of Nurs-
ing.
Plans are being developed to
provide classroom facilities for
210 students. Residence accom-
modation will be constructed on
the school premises. Clinical in-
struction will be provided in hos-
pitals located at Trenton, Picton,
Campbellford and Belleville.
Applications and enquiries should
be addressed to:
Philip Rickard, Administrator
THE BELLEVILLE
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Belleville, Ontario
SEPTEMBER 1967
ST. JOSEPH IS GENERAL HOSPITAL
PORT ARTHUR, ONTARIO
In June 1967 the opening of the new addition to the 1960 wing completed
our 250-bed modern hospital. Applications are invited for the following Services: I
Surgical, Medical, Pediatrics, Rehabilitation, and Intensive Care.
HEAD NURSES for
3 NURSING UNITS
,
REGISTERED NURSES
HEAD NURSE for O. R.
REGISTERED NURSING
ASSIST ANTS
B.Sc.N. with experience
preferred
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Salary Commensurate with
qualifications and
experience
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Planned Orientation
Continuing Inservice
Education
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Excellent Personnel Policies
Opportunity to continue education at lakehead University
Apply to:
Director of Nursing Service
ST. JOSEPH'S GENERAL HOSPITAL
Port Arthur, Ontario, Canada.
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UNIVERSITY Of WINDSOR
SCHOOL Of NURSING
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FACULTY APPOINTMENTS
THE SCARBOROUGH
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Due to changes in the program offerings in this
School, new faculty positions are being created. A
planned reorganization of all curricula will be imple-
mented, and applications are invited from qualified
faculty who are interested in assisting in the reor-
ganization of the program.
Applicants should have a Master's degree and be
prepared to teach nursing at the university level. A
doctorate is preferred.
Academic rank will be in accordance with academic
qualifications and professional experience.
Salaries in this School of Nursing are in accordance
with the university scale. Date of appointment will
be during the summer 1967.
Invites applicofions from General DUfy Nurses. Excellent personnel
policies. An acfive and stimulafing In-Service Education and
Orientation Programme. A modern Management Training Pro.
gramme to assisf the career-minded nurse to assume managerial
positions. Salary is commensurate with experience and abilify. We
encourage you to toke advantage of the opportunifies offered in
this new and expanding teaching hospital with its extended ser-
vices in Paediatrics, Orthopaedics, Psychiatry, Cardiology, Plasfic
Surgery, Operafing Room, Emergency, and Intravenous Therapy.
For further information write to:
Director of Nursing
Scarborough Ceneral Hospital
Scarborough
Metropolitan Toronto, Ontario
Please write to:
Miss F. M. Roach, Director,
SCHOOL OF NURSING
University of Windsor,
Ontario
SEPTEMBER 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 67
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THREE REGISTERED NURSES
Required for general duty at Company Hospital in
Temiscaming, Quebec.
Salary Range $390 to $442 gross per month, peri-
odic salary increases based on merit and service,
single room accommodation available in nurses'
residence, plus meals at total cost of $30 per month.
Four weeks annual paid vacation, 5 day, 40 hour
week. Attractive tourist area. Variety of summer and
winter recreation activities: golf, tennis, swimming,
curling, and skiing. Bus and rail transportation to all
major points.
Apply in writing to:
Mrs. C. Alp, Matron,
TEMISCAMING HOSPITAL
Temiscaming, Que.
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Applications are invited from
REGISTERED NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS
For full time, 40 hour week, Rotation Duty.
One Weekend off Duty every three weeks.
Vacancies in Medical, Surgical, Obstetric,
Paediatric, Operating Room, Intensive Care
and Emergency Unit. Active Inservice and
Orientation programs as well as excellent
personnel policies and fringe benefits.
Director of Nursing
TORONTO EAST GENERAL
AND ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL
Toronto 6, Ontario
68 THE CANADIAN NURSE
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GENERAL STAFF NURSES
required for
REGINA GENERAL HOSPITAL
openings in all departments
including new Intensive Care Unit
STARTING SALARY $401
Recognition Given For Experience
Progressive Personnel Policies
Apply:
Personnel Department
REGINA GENERAL HOSPITAL
Regina, Saskatchewan
VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPITAL
HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA
Requires the services of Registered Nurses for all
services including operating room, recovery room,
intensive care and emergency in the newly expand-
ed eight hundred and fifty bed facilities of the lar-
gest general and referral hospital in the Atlantic
Provinces.
Salary range for General Staff positions $360.00 -
$420.00 per month and full Civil Service benefits.
Direct inquiries to:
Director of Nvrses
VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPITAL
Halifax, Nova Scotia
A-5800
SEPTEMBER 1967
EL CAMINO
HOSPITAL
LOCATED IN BEAUTIFUL SANTA CLARA VALLEY
YEAR 'ROUND SMOG-FREE TEMPERATE CLIMATE
Registered Nur.es -
All Service.
Starting salary for
Experienced
Registered Nurses
$550 per month
448-bed fully-accred-
ifed general hospi-
tal located 40 min-
utes saufh of
downtown San
Francisco
Ample apportunify
for professional
development as
fhere are two col-
leges and two uni-
versities in the
immediate vicinity
Excellent recreafional
facilities in close
proximity ta the
hospital
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Benefits Include:
planned orientation
program
Continuing in-service
education
Two to four weeks
vacation
Eight paid holidays
Accumulative sick
leave
Free group life
insurance
':.
Fully paid health in-
surance including
family coverage
Fully paid retirement
program
Liberal shift
differential
40-hour week
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Apply to:
PERSONNEL DIRECTOR
EI Camino Hospital
2500 Grant Road
Mountain View, California 94040
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
TORONTO, ONTARIO
REGISTERED NURSES
and
REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS
JOo-bed fully accredited haspital provides
experience in Operating Room, Recovery
Room, Intensive Care Uni1, Pediatrics
Orfhopedics, Psychiatry, General Surgery
and Medicine.
Orienfafion and Acfive (nservice program
for all sfaff.
Salary is commensurate wifh p,eparafion
and experience.
Benefifs include Canada Pensian Plan,
Hospifal Pension Plan, Group Life Insu-
rance. Affer 3 months, cumulafive sick
leave - Ontario Hospital Insurance -
50% payment by hospital.
Rofafing Periods af dufy - 40 haur week,
8 statutory holidays - annual vacation
3 weeks after one year.
Apply:
Assistant Di,ector of
Nursing Service
ST. JOSEPHrS HOSPITAL
30 The Queensway
Toronto 3, Ontario
SEPTEMBER 1967
CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR
Challenging position in a School
Hospital environment of Phys-
ically Handicapped and Emo-
tionally Disturbed children. Per-
manent position with opportuni-
ty for advancement.
Duties: To participate in inser-
vice training and education of
nursing staff.
Qualifications: Bachelor of Sci-
ence in Nursing or Diploma in
Nursing education plus Paedia-
tric and/or Psychiatric training
and experience.
Salary: Commensurate with qua-
lifications and experience.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
GLENROSE PROVINCIAL
GENERAL HOSPITAL
10230 - 111 Avenue
Edmonton, Alberta
REGISTERED NURSES
REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS
for
GENERAL DUTY
In modern fully accredited 300-
bed hospital located in a thriv-
ing industrial city. Excellent
working conditions, 9 statutory
holidays, 3 weeks annual vaca-
tion, 40 hour week.
Apply giving full particulars fo:
Personnel Director
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Sault Ste. Marie
Ontario
THE CANADIAN NURSE 69
WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL
Requires
GENERAL STAFF NURSES
ALL DEPARTMENTS
and
O.R. TECHNICIANS
Apply:
Director of Nursing
WOODSTOCK
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Woodstock, Ontario
McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL
requires
Regisfered Nurses for General Sfaff. The
haspifal is friendly and progressive.
It is now in the beginning sfages of a
$3,500,000 program of expansion and
renovation.
- Openings in all services.
- Proximify to lakehead
ensures opportunity for
education.
University
furfhering
For full particulars ",rite to:
Director
of Nursing Service
McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL,
Fort William, Ontario.
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
Hamilton, Ontario
requires
CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS in all Nursing
areas. Well-equipped, modern School of
Nursing. Student enrolment over 300.
Modern, progressive, BOO-bed Hospital.
Salary commensurate with preparation
and experience.
For further details, apply:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
70 THE CANADIAN NURSE
PORT COLBORNE
GENERAL HOSPITAL
PORT COLBORNE, ONTARtO
STAFF NURSES
required
For 166-bed haspifal wifhin easy driving
distance of American and Canadian me-
tropolifan cenfres. Considerafion given for
previous experience obloined in Canoda.
Completely furnished apartment-style resi-
dence, including balcony and swimming
pool facing lake, adjacent to hospital.
Apply:
Di.ector of Nu.sing
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Port Colborne,Ontario
REGISTERED NURSES
For new 100-bed General Hospifal in the
beginning sloges of on expansion pro-
gram, located on the beautiful lake of the
Woods. Three hours' travel time from
Winnipeg wifh good transpartafion avail-
able. Wide variety of summer and win-
ter sports - swimming, booting, fishing,
golfing, skating, curling, tobogganing,
skiing.
Salary; $415 wifh allowance for experi-
ence. Residence available. Good per-
sonnel policies.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
KENORA GENERAL HOSPITAL
Kenora, Ontario
A REGISTERED NURSE
BILINGUAL
Required for a Supervisory Position in a
modern aD-bed hospital expanding fo
150 beds. Located in the Easfern T own-
ships, on allracfive, dynamic communify
50 miles south of Montreal. Postgraduate
training in Supervision on assef. Salary
in accordance wifh Quebec Hospifal In-
surance Service.
Write to:
Director of Nursing
BROME-MISSISQUOI-PERKINS
HOSPITAL
Cowansville, Quebec
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
LONDON, ONTARIO
Teaching Hospital, 600 beds, new facilities
requires :
REGISTERED NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS
for further information apply:
The Director of Nursing Service
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
London, Ontario
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
EDUCATION
Masfer's degree preferred; to conduct
basic nursing program and affiliate pro-
gram.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing,
CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL
OF WINNIPEG,
Winnipeg, Manitoba.
MEDICINE HAT
GENERAL HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
MEDICtNE HAT, ALBERTA
INSTRUCTORS
POSITIONS
ONE MEDICAL NURSING TEACHER
ONE SURGICAL NURSING TEACHER
ONE SCIENCE NURSING INSTRUCTOR
Closs 25-30 Studenfs
Current Recommended
Salary Scoles
Apply:
Director of Nursing Education
or any
CANADA MANPOWER CENTRE
SEPTEMBER 1967
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THE AGA KHAN
JUBILEE HOSPITAL, NAIROBI,
TELEPHONE 55301 NAIROBI, KENYA
H H.
PLA TINUM
KENY A
P.O. BOX 30270
HOSPITAL MATRON
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Applications are invited for the post of
Hospital Matron which falls vacant in
November. 1967.
Candidates should be S.R.N., S.C.M,
(Or equivalent) and p'ossesslOn of Nursing
Administrative CertIficate would be of
advantage.
The appointment \0; for a period of
twenty-four/thirty months and is renew-
able. The salary is at the rate of iE2.000
per annum plus gratuity and fringe
benefits which mclude free passages.
generous leave and subsidiSed accom-
moda tion.
The hospital is located m the garden
suburbs of Nairobi, the highlands capital
city of Kenya with a pleasant sunny
climate and a cost of livmg that is low
and stable.
The successful candidate must like and
be
ccustomed to working with people
of dIfferent races and nationalities - but
there is no language problem If vou spea
English.
The Hospital Matron WIll be the advise)
to the Board of Governors on nursing
polley and be head of the Student Nurse
Training Schoof.
FUrther details of the hospital and the
post can b
obtained from:
THE ADMINISTRATOR
P.O. Box 30270 Nairobi, Kenya
. Are you dissotisfied wifh your position?
. Would you like 0 chonge?
. Would you like to meet new people?
THIS
. Would you like to increose your nurs-
ing skills?
1S-SECOND TEST
. Would you like to work where
there is an acfive reseorch pro-
grom?
COULD
. Are you odapfable?
. Do you enjoy winter ond summer
sports?
CHANGE
. Do you crove more culturol odvon-
foges?
YOUR
. Is your life 0 little boring righ1 now?
. Do you sense excitement in 0 chonge?
fUTURE
If your onswer is YES you will like work-
ing ot this 1087 bed teoching hospifOI.
Apply in wrifing to:
Miss B. Jean Milligan, Reg. N., M.A.,
Assistant Director,
Ottawa Civic Hospital,
1053 Carling Ave., Ottawa 3, Onto
GENERAL DUTY NURSES
and
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS
required for 438-bed, fully accredited hospital. Ad-
ditional 295-bed expansion program now in pro-
gress. Positions available in all departments.
Salary range for Registered Nurses: $400 to $475
per month. Starting rate will be commensurate with
experience.
Salary range for Registered Nursing Assistants: $270
to $300 per month.
Excellent fringe benefit program and personnel
policies.
Apply to:
The Director of Nursing
KITCHENER.WATERLOO HOSPITAL
Kitchener r Ontario
THE CANADIAN NURSE 71
SEPTEMBER 1967
OPERA liNG ROOM
SUPERVISOR
Postgraduate trained.
For 61-bed well-equipped
hospital.
Apply:
Administrator
WILLETT HOSPITAL
Paris, Ontario
GRADUATE NURSES
required
For 1his modern 259-bed hospital in
the beautiful Niagara Peninsula. Excel-
lent personnel policies and working con-
ditions. Salary range $400 to $480 per
month when registered in Ontario. Sfart-
ing salary will depend an experience.
Private rooms available in residence $20.
per manth.
Please apply to:
Miss L. M. R. Lambe
Director of Nursing
WELLAND COUNTY
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Weiland, Ontario
DIRECTOR
SCHOOL OF NURSING
Applicatipns are invited for the abave
position in an ultra-modern School of
Nursing locafed in Soufh Western On-
taria.
Annual enrollment af 50 students.
Two-Plus-One program commencing Sep-
tember, 1968.
Minimum requiremenf B.Sc.N wifh
several years experience.
Apply:
Chairman
Board of Nursing Education
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN
GENERAL HOSPITAL
St. Thomas, Ontario
72 THE CANADIAN NURSE
SOUTH PEEL HOSPI1 AL
COOKSVILLE, ONTARIO
REGISTERED NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING
ASSISTANTS
For all Departments and a new Psychi-
atric wing.
Subsidized employee benefits and gaad
persannel policies in effect.
Modern, furnished apartments available.
For information and apptication,
please write to:
Director of Nursing
SOUTH PER HOSPITAL
Cooksville, Ontario
REGISTERED NURSES
required
For modern lOOO-bed accredited hospital.
Excellent advancemenf opporfunifies.
Wide range of services provided in
Surgery, Medicine, Emergency, Infensive
Care, Chronic, Maternify, Psychiatric, Or-
thopaedic, etc. Excellent wages and be-
nefits program including 10 statutary
halidays.
Please apply to:
Personnel Department
HENDERSON GENERAL
HOSPIT AL
Hamilton, Ontario
POSITIONS OPEN
Directar of Nursing Educofion. Preferable
halding a Masters Degree. Also Insfruc-
tors with Bachelars Degree in Nursing or
Post-Groduafe training.
270-bed accredited hasp ita I.
ABERDEEN HOSPLTAL
New Glasgow
Nova Scotia
WILSON MEMORIAL
GENERAL HOSPITAL
requires
REGISTERED NURSES FOR
GENERAL DUTY
REGISTERED NURSING
ASSISTANTS
20-bed hospital. Situated in a thriving
Norfhwestern Ontario community.
Room and baord provided.
For full particulars,
Write to:
Director of Nuning
Marathon, Ontario
REGISTERED NURSES
REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS
required for
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL
Construction of a new hospitol scheduled
for completion November 1967 will In-
crease the bed capocity to 450. Included
in the new hospital will be the Frier.en
concept of equipment and material sup-
ply. Salary commensurate with prepara-
tion and experience. Benefits include Ca.
noda Pension Plan, Hospitol Pension Plan,
Group Life Insurance. Accumulative lick
leave. Ontario Hospital Insurance and
P.S.I. - 50% payment by hospital.
Apply:
Personnel Director
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL
Belleville, Ontario
OPERATING ROOM NURSES
and
GENERAL DUTY REGISTERED
NURSES
required immediately
for fully accredited general hospital of
200 beds expanding to 400. Excellent
personnel policies and fringe benefits.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
THE I.O.D.E HOSPITALS
Windsor, Ontario
SEPTEMBER 1967
What does
Methodist Hospital
have to offer me?
At the Methodist Hospital, where research is a part
of progress, a nursing career takes on new horizons -
rich in meaning and professional satisfaction.
If you're looking for the chance to be the nurse
you've always dreamed of - coming to the world
famous Methodist Hospital can be an adventure -
almost like stepping into the future - splendid
facilities, :;0 much advance equipment and
everywhere the newest medical and patient care
techniques are in use.
Some of the best aspects of nursing at METHODIST
are as old as medicine itself - there is a spirit of
kindness and consideration, and emphasis on patient
care, that make this a hospital where nursing is
satisfying and rewarding, day by day.
Methodist Hospital is right in the center of the world's
great Medical, Research and Educational complexes.
HOUSTON is an exciting city - rodeo and opera,
pro-football and the famous Alley Theatre, water sports
and beaches an hour or less away, the Houston
Symphony and the Astrodome!
A Few Quick Facts: We're affiliated with Baylor
University College of Medicine and associated with
Texas Woman's University College of Nursing.
New $9>7 million Cardiovascular and Orthopedic
Research Center will open soon. Our Inservice
Education Department gives you thorough
orientation, and continued instruction in new
concepts and techniques. You'll find every
encouragement to broaden your skillS,
including tuition assistance in obtaining
further education in nursing.
Send for Your Colorful tnformative Illustrated
Brochure. . . to learn about Methodist Hospital,
Houston, positions available, salary and employment
benefits, tuition allowance, complimentary room
accommodation and our Nurse Specialist Programs
Write, call or send coupon, Director of Personnel,
The Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center,
Houston, Texas 77025
r-------------------------------------ì
I Director of Personnel, THE METHODIST HOSPITAL, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77025 I
I Please send me your brochure about nursing opportunities at THE METHODIST HOSPITAL-Texas Medical Center I
I I
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I City State Zip Code I
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MAIMONIDES HOSPITAL
AND HOME FOR THE AGED
AN OPPORTUNITy....
A CHALLENGE....
A NEW EXPERIENCE....
HOSPITAL:
A newly exponded 257 bed hospitol with such progressive
care concepts os 0 12-bed LC.U., 22-bed psychiotric ond
24-bed self care unit.
IDEAL LOCATION:
45 minufes from downfown Toronto, 15-30 minutes from ex-
cellent summer and winter resort areas.
SALARIES:
Registered Nurses: $400.00 - $480.00 per monfh.
Regisfered Nursing Assistonts: $295.00 - $331.00 per month.
FURNISHED APARTMENTS:
Swimming pool, tennis courts, etc. (see above)
OTHER BENEFITS:
Medical and hospital insurance, group life insurance, pension
plan, 40 hour week.
Please address all enquiries to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL
596 Davis Drive
Newmarket, Ontario
SUPERVISORS, STAFF NURSES, NURSING
ASSISTANTS, INSTRUCTORS, PSYCHIATRIC
NURSE:
We invite you to join the nursing staH of New Mai.
monides.
LIBERAL VACATION
PENSION PLANS .
MENSURA TE WITH
Apply to:
. . HEALTH AND
. SALARIES COM-
RECOGNIZED SCALES
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
5795 Caldwell Avenue
Montreal 29, Quebec
THE CANADIAN NURSE 73
SEPTEMBER 1967
REGISTERED NURSES
required for
82-bed hospifol. Sifuated in the Niagara
Peninsula. Transportation assistance.
For salary rates and persannel palicies.
apply to:
Director of Nursing
HALDIMAND WAR MEMORIAL
HOSPIT AL
Dunnville, Ontario
222 BED GENERAl HOSPITAL
requires
STAff NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS
Carnwall is noted for ifs summer and
winter sport areas, and is an hour and a
half from both Monfreal and Ollawa.
Progressive personnel policies include 4
weeks vacation. Experience and past-basic
cerfificafes are recognized.
Apply to:
Ass't. Director of Nursing
(Service)
CORNWALL GENERAL HOSPITAL
Cornwall, Ontario
ASS1STANT DIRECTOR
OF NURSING SERVICE
Applications are invifed for the posifion
of Assistant Director of Nursing Service
far a 291-bed fully accredited General
Haspital.
Preference will be given ta applicants
with preparatian and experience in nurs.
ing service administration.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing Service
THE GENERAL HOSPITAL
OF PORT ARTHUR
Port Arthur, Ontario
74 THE CANADIAN NURSE
REGISTERED NURSES
For 61-bed General Hospital
Apply:
Administrator
WILLETT HOSPITAL
Paris, Ontario
REGISTERED NURSES
AND
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS
For 300 bed Accredited General Hospifal
sifuated in fhe picturesque Grand River
Valley. 60 miles from Toronfa.
Modern well-equipped hospifal praviding
quality nursing care.
Excellent personnel policies.
For further information write:
Director of Nursing Service
SOUTH WATERLOO MEMORIAL
HOSPITAL,
Galt, Ontario
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC HOSPITAL
Schaal of Nursing requires
INSTRUCTRESS (Nursing Arts)
INSTRUCTRESS (Medical.Surgical Area)
New self-contoined educafion building far
school of nursing now open.
Trent University is sifuafed in Peterborough
For further information write to:
Director of Nursing
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC
HOSPITAL
Peterborough, Ontario
VISITING NURSING
opportunifies
acrOSS
Canada
for employment or bursaries write:
Director in Chief
VICTORIAN ORDER OF NURSES
FOR CANADA
5 Blackburn Avenue,
Ottawa 2, Ontario.
GENERAL DUTY NURSES
and
NURSING ASSISTANTS
Wanfed for active General Hospital (125
beds) situated in St. Anthony, Newfound-
land, a fown of 2,400 and headquarters
of the Internafional Grenfell Associafion
which provides medical care for northern
Newfoundland and the coosf of Labrador.
Salaries in accordance wifh ARNN.
For further informotion
please write:
Miss Dorothy A. Plant
INTERNATIONAL GRENFELL ASSOCIATION
Room 701A, 88 Metcalfe Street,
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO
CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS
required
with preparation and experience. Eligible
for B. C. Regisfration. Medical, Surgical
and Paediafric areas.
Sfuclent enrollment - 200
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
Victoria, B. C.
SEPTEMBER 1967
make
the
most
of
.
A nurse's time is as valuable as gold. Every hospital is aware of this.
Beth Israel does something about it. At B.I., the Unit Management
Program frees a nurse to nurse. She is encouraged to further her edu-
cation through tuition reimbursement. And as a member of the Harvard
Medical Complex, a B.l. nurse comes in contact with many of the most
respected people in medicine. In addition, she uses the most modem
equipment available, much of which was developed by the Beth Israel
Hospital itself.
.
Obviously, a B.1. nurse's work is anything BUT routine. She's
not a routine type of person or she wouldn't be a nurse.
"
your ,
MINUTES
"
Boston, home of B.I., isn't routine, either.
Boston is sailing, shopping, Harvard Square,
the Boston Pops, famous colleges and univer-
sities, the brand new 52-story Prudential sky-
scraper, and a whole chapter in history. And
Boston is only minutes from Cape Cod, the
Green Mountains and Maine lobster.
Take a few minutes to consider a position at
B.I. and write for more information to: Miss
Susan Vinnicombe, Supervisor of Nursing Place-
ment, Dept. 9.
II BETH ISRAEL HOSPIT AL
!!:ii! 330 Brookline Avenue
I t Boston, Massachusetts 02215
I. An '.,,1 0,...""", 'mp
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THE UNIVERSITY Of
ALBERTA HOSPITAL
is accepting applications from
Registered Nurse Candidates for
a 6 month course in Operating
Room Technique and Manage-
ment.
The class will commence March
4, 1968.
For further information apply to:
The Director of Nursing
THE UNIVERSITY OF
ALBERTA HOSPITAL
Edmonton, Alberta.
SEPTEMBER 1967
DIRECTOR
REGIONAL SCHOOL
WINCHESTER DISTRICT
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
Winchester, Ontario
OF
Fully accredited 86-bed General
Hospital, presently expanding to
130 beds, urgently requires the
following personnel:
Of NURSING
"KIRKLAND LAKE"
Applications are invited for the
position of Director of a new
Regional School of Nursing to be
established in Kirkland lake with
an annual enrollment of 30
students encompassing five area
hospitals. An excellent opportu-
nity to develop a program from
the erection of the building to
operating the school.
NURSING SUPERVISOR
for affernoon shift
HEAD NURSE FOR SURGICAL
FLOOR
Accommodation available in mo-
dern residence.
Please direct enquiries to:
The Secretary of the Steering
CommiHee:
R. J. Cameron, Administrator,
For further information, salary
and personnel policies,
please apply to:
Director of Nursing
WINCHESTER DISTRICT
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
Winchester, Ontario
KIRKLAND AND DISTRICT
HOSPITAL
Kirkland Lake, Ontario.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 75
THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL
QUEEN SQUARE, LONDON
W.e.I., ENGLAND
(NEUROLOGY and
NEUROSURGERY)
POST-GRADUATE
NURSING EDUCATION
One year courses are open to
graduates of accredited Schools
of Nursing with good education-
al background.
Three months academic teaching
in the School of Nursing under
guidance of Sister Tutor assisted
by teaching Staff of Senior Neu-
rologists and Neurosurgeons.
Eight months Clinical experience.
Five weeks vacation.
Certificate and badge of the Hos-
pital awarded to successful Stu-
dents.
Full graduate salary paid
throughout the year.
This work has a special appeal
to nurses interested in research
and the humanitarian aspect of
Nursing.
FOR PROSPECTUS APPLY TO THE
MATRON
THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL
QUEEN SQUARE, W.C.1, and
MAIDA VALE HOSPITAL,
W. 9.
LONDON
(POST-GRADUATE TEACHING
HOSPIT ALS)
NEUROLOGY AND
NEUROSURGERY
These unique hospifals of internafional
repute offer to Regisfered Nurses:-
1) One year course - badge and cerfi-
ficate awarded.
2) Operating Theafre experience. Mini-
mum period of appoinfmenf, four
months.
3) General duties on medicol ond sur-
gical wards, occosional voconcy ot
Convalescent Hospitol (near Hamp.
stead Heath), minimum periods of ap-
pointmenf two months.
Consideration given to Nurses wishing fo
take exfended holidays.
This branch of nursong has a special ap.
peal to fhose inferesfed in research and
fhe humanifarian aspect of nursing.
Further particulars may be
obtained from:
Matron
THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL
Queen Square, london, W.C.I
England
76 THE CANADIAN NURSE
CLINICAL COURSE IN
PSYCHIATRIC NURSING
Offered by
The Department of Veterans Affairs, West-
minster Hospital, LONDON, Onfaria. Open
to all Registered Nurses. Enrollmenf lim-
ited. Four months durafion - commencing
15 January 1968. Room and meals of
nominal rates.
For further informotion
please write:
Director of Nursing
WESTMINSTER HOSPITAL
london, Ontario
OCTOBER 16 - 27, 1967
Two week course for
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE
and
REGISTERED NURSES
To prepare them to care for the mental
retardafe and his family.
For further details write to the:
Extension Department
CHILDREN'S PSYCHIATRIC
RESEARCH INSTITUTE
University of Western Ontario
London, Ontario
REHABILITATION INSTITUTE
OF MONTREAL
offers a
4 week Post.Graduate Course in
REHABILITATION NURSING
to
EXPERIENCED REGISTERED NURSES
with a special interesf in the care of
handicapped and long ferm patienfs.
November 6th 1hraugh December 1 st,
1967.
For informotion ond detoils 01 the
Course, Apply to:
Director of Nursing
REHABILITATION INSTITUTE
OF MONTREAL
6300 Darlington Avenue
Montreal, P.Q.
RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL
OF OTTAWA
A new, air-conditioned 340-bed hospital.
Applications are called for Nurses for the
posifions of:
ASSISTANT HEAD NURSES,
GENERAL STAFF NURSES
ond
REGISTERED NURSING
ASSIST ANTS
Address oil enquiries to:
Director of Nursing
RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL
OF OTTAWA
1967 Riverside Drive,
Ottawa, Ontario
REGISTERED NURSES
Qualified or Interested in Qualifying for
Employment in Intensive Cardiac Care Unit
GENERAL STAFF NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING
ASSIST ANTS
Modern 395-bed, fully occredifed Generol
Hospifal with School of Nursing.
Excellent personnel policies, O.H.A. pen-
sion pion.
Pleasont, progressive, industriol city of
23,000.
Apply:
Personnel Officer
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN
GENERAL HOSPITAL
St. Thomas, Ontario
RED CROSS
IS ALWAYS THERE
WITH YOUR HELP
SEPTEMBER 1%:
THE HOSPIT AL
FOR
SICK CHILDREN
,.
-
)
>
'--..
-
OFFERS:
1. Satisfying experience
2. Stimulating and friendly en-
vironment.
3. Orientation and In-Service
Education Program.
4. Sound Personnel Policies
5. liberal vacation.
APPLICA nONS FOR REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS INVITED.
For detailed inlormation
please write to:
The Assistant Director
of Nursing
AUXILIARY STAFF
555 University Avenue
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
SEPTEMBER 1967
HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
HOSPITAL -
Newly expanded 350-bed hospital. Progressive patient care con-
cept.
SALARY -
General Staff Nurses (Currently Registered in Ontario) $400.00 -
$480. - 5-increments.
Registered Nursing Assistants (Currently Registered in Ontario)
$295.00 - $331.00, - 3 increments.
HOUSING -
Furnished apartments available at subsidized rates.
JOB SATISFACTION -
High quality patient care and friendly working environment. We
appreciate our personnel and encourage their professional develop-
ment.
You are invited to enquire concerning employment opportunities to:
Director of Nursing
HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
200 Church Street, Weston, Ontario
Telephone 249.8111 (Toronto)
THE UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA
VICTORIA, BRITISH COLUMBIA
invites applications lor the position 01
DIRECTOR OF THE SCHOOL Of NURSING
The School enrols its first students this fall. Its Director will enjoy wide
opportunities to share in the development of curriculum and the establish-
ment of policies for growth. Candidates should have had successful ex-
perience in Hospital Administration and Education, and preferably hold
a Doctoral degree. Salary commensurate with training and experience.
Attractiveness of the University's setting on Vancouver Island enhances
a broad program of Faculty benefits.
Please address all enquiries to:
Dr. Malcolm G. Taylor
President of the
UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA
VICTORIA, B. C.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 77
UNITED STATES
I I
UNITED STATES
TEAM LEADER opportunities in North Miomi. The
newly expanded 372.bed N
"h Mi<:,mi General
Haspital needs evening and night RegIstered Nurse
team leaders far its Medical-Surgical Units. Salaries
are $602-$628 per manth depending upan experience.
Narth Miami General is a fully accredited five
year aid haspital with liberal fringe benefits and
a continuing education program for Registered Nurses.
For a descriptive brochure and hospital policies
write: North Miami General Hospital, North Miami,
Florida. J. Larry Sims, Administrative Assistant. An
equal appartunity emplayer. 15- 1 0-2 A
STAFF NURSES: Ta wark in Extended Care ar Tuber.
culosis Unit. Live in lovely suburban Cleveland in
2-bedraam hause for $55 a month including all
utilities. Modern salary and excellent fringe benefits.
Write Director of Nursing Service, 4310 Richmond
Road, Cleveland, Ohio. 15-36 1 F
STAFF NURSES - Here is the opportunity to further
develop your professional skills and knowledge in our
I,OOO-bed medical center. We have liberal personnel
policies with premiums for evening and night tours.
Our nurses' residence, located in the midst of 33
cultural and educational institutions, offers low-cost
housing adiacentto the Hospitals. Write for our booklet
on nursing opportunities. Feel free to tell us what type
position you are seeking. Write: Director of Nursing,
Room 600, University Hospitals of Cleveland, University
Circle, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 15-36-1G
Registered Nurse (Scenic Oregon vocation play-
ground skiing, swimming, boating & cultural
events)' for 295-bed teaching unit on campus of
University of Oregon medical school. Salary starts
at $575. Pay differential for nights and evenings.
Liberal policy for advancement, vacations, sick
leave, holIdays. Apply: Multnomah Hospital, Port.
land. Oregon. 97201. 15-38- 1
ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
MONTREAL, QUEBEC
POSTGRADUATE COURSES
1. (a) .Six month clinical COurse in Obstetrical Nursing.
Classes - September and March.
(b)
Two month clinical course in Gynecological Nursing.
Classes following the six month course in Obstetrical
Nursing.
Eight week course in Care of the Premature Infant.
(c)
2.
Six month course in Operating Room Technique.
Classes - September and March.
3.
Six month course in Theory and Practice in Psychiatric
Nursing.
Classes - September and March.
For information and details of the courses, apply to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL
Montreal r P.Q.
78 THE CANADIAN NURSE
UNIVERSITY OF
BRITISH COLUMBIA
School of Nursing
DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC
NURSING
DEGREE COURSE FOR
GRADUATE NURSES
Both of these courses lead to the
B.S.N. degree. Graduates are pre-
pared for public health as well as
ho-spital nursing positions.
DIPLOMA COURSES FOR
GRADUATE NURSES
1. Public Health Nursing.
2. Administration of Hospital
Nursing Units.
3. Psychiatric Nursing.
For information write to:
The Director
SCHOOL OF NURSING
UNIVERSITY OF B.C.
Vancouver 8r B.C.
THE WINNIPEG
GENERAL HOSPIT At
Offers the following opporfunify for ad-
vanced preparafion to qualified Regisfered
Graduate Nurses:
A SIX MONTH CLINICAL COURSE
in
OPERATING ROOM
PRINCIPLES AND ADVANCED
PRACTICE
The course commences in September of
each year. Maintenance is provided, and
o reasonable stipend is given each monfh.
Enrolment is limifed to a maximum of
fen studenfs.
For further information please
write to:
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING
700 William Ave.
Winnipeg 3
SEPTEMBER 1967
Index
to
advertisers
September 1967
Abbott Laboratories Limited
Ames Company of Canada, Ltd.
American Sterilizer Company
Ayerst Laboratories
M.J. Chase Co.
Clinic Shoemakers
Charles E. Frosst & Co.
Hollister Limited
Frank W. Horner Company
LaCrosse Uniform Corp.
Lakeside Laboratories (Canada) Ltd.
Lewis-Howe Company (Turns)
J.B. Lippincott Company
of Canada Limited
Medical Products 3M Company
C.V. Mosby Co.
J.T. Posey Co.
Reeves Company
W.B. Saunders Company
Sterilon of Canada
Town r mports
Uniforms Registered
Warner-Chilcott Labs Co. Ltd.
(Texas Pharmical Div.)
Winley-Morris Company Ltd.
White Cross Shoes
Advertising
Manager
Ruth H. Baumel,
The Canadian Nurse
50 The Driveway,
Ottawa 4, Ontario
Advertising Representatives
Richard P. Wilson,
219 East Lancaster Avenue,
Ardmore, Penna. 19003
Vanco Publications,
170 The DOQ.way West,
Suite 408, Don Mills, Onto
Member of Canadian
Circulation Audit Board Inc.
10
Cover IV
16
6
54
2
14
11
24,26
18
9
53
5
22
28
55
23
Cover n
12
52
Cover III
I
53
21
SEPTEMBER 1%7
I3E:J
ROYAL INLAND
HOSPITAL
Kamloops. B.C.
INVITES YOu fo apply for a posifion In an expanding hospital.
There is an opening for you in any of fhe services, which include
Intensive Care, Haemodialysis, Psychiafry, Reactivafion. Hospital
is a Regional Hospitol and mojor medical centre in fhe Inferior
with all general specialties well represented including neurosur-
gery. 186 bed air-condifioned wing was completed in 1966, pre-
senf renOvafion bringing capacify to 270 beds and 45 bassinettes
will be cOmplefed in October. Plans fOr expansion fo 500 beds are
underway.
Salary as per R.N.A.B.C. contract. 4 weeks vacation. Cumulative
sick leave up fo 120 days. Pension and medical coverage pro.
gramm.. Opportunity for advanc.ment.
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SCHOOL OF NURSING - SCHOOL OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY -
IN-SERVICE EDUCATION PROGRAMME INCLUDING ORIENTATION
- SUMMER INTERNE PROGRAMME.
You will have initial accommodation provided at nominal cost.
KAMlOOPS, a rapidly expanding industrial area wifh a populafion
of 35,000, known as fhe Sunny Sporfsman's Paradise - Hub Cify
of British Columbia served by Trans Canada Highway, both major
Roilways, and Airline Services.
For your enjoymenf a lorge voriefy of winter and summer acti-
vities are available including excellent skiing, golfing, boating,
fishing, camping, horseback riding, flying, drama, concerts, and
an acfive adult educafion programme.
Applications and enquiries should be addressed to :
DIRECTOR OF NURSING SERVICE
ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL
KAMLOOPS, B.C.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 79
PROVINCIAL ASSOCIA nONS OF REGISTERED NURSES
Alberta
Alberta Association of Registered Nurses,
10256 - 112 St.. Edmonton.
Pres.: Sister Ann Marie; Past Pres.: F.M.
Moore; Vice-pres.: M.G. Purcell. E. Jame-
son. L. Rutherford: Committees - Nursing
Service: M. Parker; Public Relations: D. La-
Belle; Staff Nurses: P. Yates; Supervisory
Nurses: R. Erickson; Executive Secretary:
H. Sabin: Registrar: D.J. Price.
British Columbia
Registered Nurses' Association of British
Columbia, 2130 West 12th Avenue. Van-
couver 9.
Pres.: M. Lunn; Past Pres.: A. George;
Vice-pres.. E. Bastable, M. Angus; Hon.
Treasurer: T.J. McKenna; Hon. Secretary:
KM. Smith; Committees - Nursing Edu-
cation: R. Cunningham; Public Relations:
N. Fieldhouse; Nursing Service: V. Ru-
therford; Social & Ec. Welfare: I. Mooney;
Finance: T. McKenna; Legislation & By-
Laws: C. Winning; Executive Secretary: E.
S. Graham; Registrar: F. McQuarrie.
Manitoba
Manitoba Association of Registered Nurses.
247 Balmoral Street. Winnipeg I.
Pre.f.." H.P. Glass; Past Pres.: M.E. Wilson;
Vice-pres.: I. McGinnis. M. Nugent; Com-
milltees - Nursing Service: H. Beath;
Nursing Education: K McLaughlin; Public
Relations: P.G. Morcombe; Legislation: H.
Mazerall; Employment Relations Director:
E. Svanhill; Registrar: M. Caldwell; Em-
ployment Relations Consultant: H.W. Dale;
Executive Director: M.E. Cameron.
New Brunswick
New Brunswick Association of Registered
Nurses. 23 I Saunders Street. Fredericton.
Pres.: K Wright; Past Pres.: M.J. Ander-
son; Vice-pres.: A. Estabrooks. Sister Jac-
queline Bouchard; Hon. Secretary: S. Mac-
Leod; Committees - Social & Ec. Welfare:
C. Bannister: Nursing Education: Sister J.
Bourgeois; Nursing Service: Sister Thérèse
Haché; Finance: A. Estabrooks; Legislation:
M. MacLachlan; Public Relations: I. Rum-
sey; Employment Relations; J. Blue; Execu-
tive Secretary: G. Hermann; Registrar: L.
Gladney.
Newfoundland
Association of Registered Nurses of New-
foundland, 95 Le Marchand Road, St.
John's.
Pres.: Sister M. Xaverius; Past Pres.: J.
Story; Vice-pres.: M. Marsh, D. Pinsent, A.
Simms; Committees - Nursing Education:
F. Jones; Nursing Service: J. Story; Legis-
lation & By-Laws: M. Evans; Finance: M.
Marsh; Registration: M. Feehan; Social &
80 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Ec. Welfare: J. Lewis; Executive Secretary:
P. Laracy; Asst. Executive Secretary: M.
Cummings.
Nova Scotia
Registered Nurses' Association of Nova Sco-
tia. 6035 Coburg Road, Halifax.
Pres.: J. Church; Past Pres.: P. Lyttle;
Vice-pres.: E. Purdy, M. Matheson, Sister
M. Barbara; Committees - Nursing Educa-
tion: Sister C. Marie; Nursing Service: R.
Jenkins; Social & Ec. Welfare: Sister T.
Joseph; Executive Secretary: N. Watson;
Recording Secretary: M. Riley.
Ontario
Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario.
33 Price Street. Toronto 5.
Pres.: A. Wedgery; Past Pres.: E. Geiger;
Pres. Elect.: L.E. Butler: Executh'e Direc-
tor: L.W. Barr.
Prince Edward Island
Association of Registered Nurses of Prince
Edward Island. 188 Prince Street, Char-
lottetown.
Pres.: Sister M. Hermina; Past Pres.: A.
Trainor; Vice-pres.: C. Corbett, S. Driscoll;
Committees - Nursing Education: M.
Murphy; Nursing Service: Sister A. Celes-
tine; Public Relations: C. Gordon; Finance:
A. Trainor; Legislation & By-Laws: K
MacLennan; Social & Ec. Welfare: G. Mac-
Donald; Executil'e Secretary - Registrar:
H. Bolger.
Quebec
The Association of Nurses of the Province
of Quebec, 4200 Dorchester Street West,
Montreal 6.
Pres.: G. Jacobs; Past Pres.: H. Lamont;
Vice-pres.: (Eng.) J. Gilchrist. J. MacMil-
lan; (Fr.) M. Jalbert, J. Monfette; Hon.
Treas.: F.M. Allen; Hon. Sec.: O.L. Ga-
reau; Committees - Nursing Education:
J.M. Gilchrist. Sister B. Lesage; Nursing
Service: R. Doyon, T. Beliveau; Public Re-
lations: C. Rioux, B. Eggen; Labor Rela-
tions: E.C. Flanagan. G. Hotte; Legisla-
tions: E.C. Flanagan. G. Charbonneau;
Councillors: Sister J. Gagnon, L. Audet, L.
Rainville. C. Pagé. R. Bureau; Secretary-
Registrar: H. Reimer.
Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan Registered Nurses' Associa-
tion, 2066 Retallack Street, Regina.
Pres.: A. Gunn; Past Pres.: V. Spencer;
Vice-pres.: M. McKillop, Sister M. Rufina;
Committees - Nursing Education: A.
Herd; Nursmg Service: M. Tutty; Chapters
& Public Relations: D. Ast; Social & Wel-
fare: C. Boyko; Executive Secretary; A.
Mills; Registrar: G. Motta; School of Nurs-
ing Advisor: L. Long.
CANADIAN
ð
NURSES'
ASSOCIA nON
Board of Directors
President ... .__. Sister M, Felicitas
1st Vice-president. .. E. Louise Miner
2nd Vice-
president. Marguerite Schumacher
Representative of Nursing
Sisterhoods ___._. Sister T. Castonguay
Chairman of Committee on Social &
Economic Welfare.. Evelyn E. Hood
Chairman of Committee on Nursing
Service ......... Margaret D. McLean
Chairman of Committee on Nursing
Education . Kathleen E. Arpin
AARN Sister Ann Marie, president
RNABC .... M. Lunn, President
MARN.. ....... H.P. Glass, President
NBARN ... .... K Wright, President
ARNN Sister M. Xaverius. president
RNANS .. J. Church, president
RNAO A. Wedgery, president
ANPEI Sister M. Hermina, president
ANPQ G. Jacobs, president
SRNA A. Gunn, president
National Office
Executive
Director .... Helen K Mussallem
Associate Executive
Director Lillian E. Pettigrew
General
Manager Ernest Van Raalte
Research and Advisory Services:
Director
Education
Higher Education
Service
Socio-Economic
Welfare
Lois Graham-Cumming
Margaret Steed
Shirley R. Good
Frances Howard
Glenna S. Rowsell
Library
Margaret L. Parkin
Information Services:
Public Relations. .. June I. Ferguson
Editor. The Canadian
Nurse ... Virginia A. Lindabury
Editor, L'infirmière
canadienne Claire Bigué
SEPTEMBER 196i
Octo
a-
01-1-0-l.9- c :1
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"Ull .... m! jO 100 .... S
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The
Canadian
Nurse
"'l.
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children and anesthesia
contraceptive practices
past and present
hemodialysis and
renal transplant programs
idea exchange
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Bedside nursing -
Operating room technique
Operation of nursing homes
KnoWledge for diabetics
. . . aI/ from 5 aunders
Sutton - \
Bedside Nursing Techniques
By Audrey Latshaw Sutton, R.N., Director of Nursing Service,
Edgewood General Hospital, Berlin, N.J.
This lavishly illustrated book is virtually a p
stgradu-
ate course in clinical nursing. In clear, precise lang-
uage, supplemented by more than 800 illustrations, it
tells exactly how to perform hundreds of advanced
nursing procedures, such as. maintainin
airway for
the comatose patient, preparing the patient for c
r-
diac catheterization, irrigatinp the colon, measuring
venous pressure, teaching the hemiplegic to sit, stand,
ek. \
364 pp., 820 iIIus. $8.65. February, 1965.
Just Ready!
McQuillan -
Nursing Home Administration
By Florence L. McQuillan, R.N., M.S., Consulting Editor, Nursing
Home Administration; Field Representative, Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania.
Practical, complete, and authoritative, this new book
gives sound advice on every aspect of nursing home
management, from building design to community re-
lations. The author describes tested procedures for
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Designed to help the diabetic patient learn to live a
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Medically sound, easy to read, and cleverly illustrated,
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scribed in this new second edition.
227 pp. lIIus. $4.05. New (2nd) Edition, July, 1967.
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 1
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2 THE CANADIAN NURSE
OCTOBER 1967
The
Canadian
Nurse
ð
A monthly journal for the nurses of Canada published
in English and French editions by the Canadian Nurses' Association
Volume 63, Number 10
October 1967
26 Children and anesthesia .
29 Contraceptive Practices past and present
32 Present status of renal transplantation ..
35 Nursing care in renal transplantation ...
40 Nursing the patient on long-term hemodialysis
42 Treatment of traumatic rupture of urethra
44 Anomalies and infection of genitourinary tract
46 Idea exchange
25 Editorial
N. Kingsley
I.e. Milton
_ J .B. Dossetor
J. MacDonald
L. Nesbitt
D.O. Morehouse
D. Ackman
The views expressed in the various articles are the views of the authors and do not
necessarily represent the policies or views of the Canadian Nurses' Association.
4 Letters 7 News
15 Names 18 Dates
20 In a Capsule 22 New Products
48 Research Abstracts 49 Books
54 Films 55 Accession List
Cover photo courtesy of Women's College Hospital and the National Film Board of
Canada. Photographer: John Reeves, Toronto.
Executive Director: Helen K. Mussallem .
Editor: Virginia A. Llndabury . Assistant
Editor: Glennls N. Zilm . Editorial Assistant:
Loral A. Graham . Circutation Manager: Pier-
rette Hotte . Advertising Manager: Ruth H.
Baumel . Subscription Rates: Canada: One
Year, 54.SO; two years, $8.00. Foreign: One
Year, $5.00; two years, $9.00. Single copies:
SO cents each. Make cheques or money orders
payabte to The Canadian Nurse . Chønge of
Address: Four weeks' notice and the otd
address as well as the new are necessary. Not
responsible for iournats tost in mail due to
errors in address
@ Canadian Nurses' Association. 1967
Manuscript Information: "The Canadian
Nurse" welcomes unsolicited articles. All
manuscripts shoutd be typed, double-spaced,
on One side of unruled paper leaving wide
margins. Manuscripts are accepted for review
for exclusive publication. .The editor reserves
the right to make the usual editorial changes.
Photoj;(raphs (glossy prints) and graphs and
diagrams (drawn in india ink on white paper)
are wetcomed with such articles. The editor
is not committed to publish all articles sent,
nor to indicate defimte dates of publication.
Authorized as Second-Class Mail by the Post
Office Department, Ottawa, and for payment
of postage in cash. Postpaid at Montreal.
Return Postage Guaranteed. SO The Driveway,
Ottawa 4. Ontario.
What happens when an organizati<
with a worthy cause has few member
little money, and a W.K. Kellogg
Foundation grant that is about to en<
One of three things: it either ceases
to exist, cuts back on its program,
or starts an intensive campaign to
convince non-members that it deserve
their support.
The Canadian Nurses' FoundatiOl
which fits the above description,
decided to follow the latter course a
few years ago. It invited a firm that
specializes in campaign promotion te
tackle the problem of selling CNF -
the only national organization in
Canada that provides nursing
scholarships for higher education and
grants for nursing research - to the
public. Unfortunately, the scheme
never got beyond the first meeting.
How can you expect to get public
support, the promoters asked, if you
don't have the support of nurses
themselves?
A good point. And nurses
certainly are not supporting CNF.
As of June 30 this year, only 992
of the more than 112,000 registered
nurses in Canada had paid their two
dollar membership fee to the CNF.
Does this mean that the remainder al
against the principle of higher
education for nurses? We think not.
In fact, it is belittling to our
colleagues to suggest this.
We believe that many nurses do n(
support CNF because they know
little about it. In other words, CNF
has suffered from a lack of publicity.
How many nurses know, for
example, that since its incorporation
in 1962, CNF has provided financial
assistance, totalling $ 175,775., to 49
master's and 8 doctoral candidates?
That CNF would provide assistance
to more nurses, at the baccalaureate
as well as master's and doctoral level.
if it had more funds?
How many know that the W.K.
Kellogg Foundation grant ended this
year? And that 1967 contributions
from individual members totalled on
$2,207. - an amount that on its ow
would help to support only one
candidate?
How many nurses know that by
sending a tax-deductable fee of two
dollars to the Canadian Nurses'
FouI\dation, 50 The Driveway,
Ottawa 4, Ontario, they can become
members and supporters of an
organization whose sole objective is 1
improve nursing in Canada?
V.A.
OCTOBER 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 3
letters
{
Letters to the editor are welcome.
Only signed letters will be considered for publication
Name will be withheld at the writer's request.
Physician criticizes editorial
The editors asl..ed Dr. C. J. Van'is to com-
ment on the editorial in the September 1967
issue of The Canadian Nurse and to de-
fend his statement that the Ilurse is the
"handmaiden" of the ph)'sician. Here are
his comments.
Dear Editor:
I am convinced that the term "hand-
maiden" is misinterpreted as a "master-slave
attitude" by the nursing profession. I re-
main adamant and unconvinced of any er-
ror in my thinking. Mr. Wedgery's "well-
worded rebuttal" merely confirms my point.
Nurses do not know what they want and
are still searching for a role on the med-
ical team. They are incapable of choosing
one with confidence. and hide this inability
by withdrawing into a self-policed, self-
taught, self-monitored world that excludes
all criticism.
In any patient's illness, there is only one
person capable of directing its overall man-
agement intelligently. All other participants
in this management are there to aid this
person. Whether this person is called a doc-
tor or a chef matters little. Just as two
chefs will not attempt to prepare the same
stew at the same time, neither will two
doctors attempt to treat the same patient.
Yet for some bizzare reason you have mis-
taken the eM.A. Journal article as support
for such "equal partnership status." These
are delusions of grandeur that only the
naive would assume. Under no circum-
stances can a nurse be the equal partner of
the physician.
Had you read with care the neatly word-
ed parable of the "Prince and the Hand-
Maiden," you would have discovered that
the handmaiden had indeed assumed new
status. She no longer participated in the
functions assigned to "the prince"; she had
assumed new functions in another area al-
together. The role of nursing today is not
the care of the sick through assistance to
the physician, it is the care of the sick
through assistance to the hospital adminis-
trator.
The nurse has altered her status to that
of guardian whose job it is to see that no
harm comes to the patient, no evil to the
hospital, and no problems to her hospital
administrator. Her job has evolved into a
liaison role between lay hospital administra-
tion and medical management of illness. If
nursing standards are to be improved under
these conditions, couro;es in business admin-
istration are of more value than instruction
in the variations of a weak. thready pulse!
4 THE CANADIAN NURSE
This is indeed a new role. No wonder
the Prince had difficulty in recognizing this
"handmaiden" - she just switched places!
- C.J. Varvis. M.D., Edmonton, Alberta.
Work wanted section?
Dear Editor:
Your classified advertisement section is
very helpful. Would it be possible to include
a work-wanted section? It would be espe-
cially helpful for nurses going to another
province or city, or for a nurse wishing to
move to a different field of nursing. Ad-
vertisements could be paid in the same way
as the help wanted advertiserP
n\s. - Dawn
Moynihan, Montreal. Quebe....
Patients' opinions
Dear Editor:
Each junior student nurse in our school
of nursing was given the task of interview-
ing one of her patients. It was believed that
by questioning the patient we would have
a better understanding of him. Also, it WQS
hoped that this project would show that
research could be done by nurses in their
own environment. Our "research" was done
on a small scale. but proved enlightening.
The majority of patients whom we in-
terviewed thought of nurses as very special
people, who did all they could to make
their stay in hospital comfortable and pleas-
ant. They looked for nurses who were
neat, cheerful. and cooperative. Patients
were relieved when nurses responded quick-
ly to their requests: "When a nurse acts
promptly, I don.t feel as though I've been
a bother by interrupting her work:' one
elderly gentleman commented.
Patients believed that the nurse should
help them bathe and eat when they were
unable to attend to these needs themselves.
All agreed that a good nurse tries to anti-
cipate the individual needs of the patient,
e.g., by finding an interpreter if he speaks
a foreign language.
The patients wanted a nurse in whom
they felt confident, and who would consider
the privacy and individual care of a pa-
tient; they found nothing more embarras-
sing or distressing than exposure or ne-
glect. They believed that the good nurse
pays attention to small details, such as
supplying information about spiritual ar-
rangements in the hospital, or offering to
go for cigarets without a reminder.
P'Jtients had only a few requests con-
cerning rooming conditions. Persons who
share a common language, religion, ideal,
and age were preferred as room-mates. The
sick preferred to be with the sick, and the
up and about with the up and about. Pa-
tients looked for some form of recreation
while in hospital; many had no visitors,
and to them time seemed indefinite.
We recognize that patient's wishes are
very important; however, the nurse must be
able to explain situations where it is not
possible to follow them. For instance, the
patient may fail to see the necessity of
being fed when he is on complete bed rest.
He may need help to recognize the value
of the care being given.
Although much is being done for the
patient, there is still much to do. It would
be well for all of us to evaluate our work
and renew our ideals accordingly. - Caro-
lyn MacKay, Hotel Dieu Hospital School of
Nursing, Chatham. New Brunswick.
Responsibility not doctor's
Dear Editor:
As a registered nurse with experience in
other countries. I agree with ma'ny aspects
of Rosemarie Gascoyne's letter (July (967)
that discussed the profession's current in-
adequacies. However. I disagree with her
belief that responsibility for any restrictive
practices can be laid on the doctor. Present
leaders and all members of the nursing pro-
fession, rather than the doctors. bear this
responsibility.
With the advent of nationalized medicine
and its anticip3ted increased demands on
the medical profession. a revitalized and
efficient nursing service is an urgent need.
An excellent starting point toward meeting
this need would be improved communica-
tion and cooperation between nurses.
Intelligent girls who are prepared to ac-
cept responsibilities can have Q life that is
richly rewarding in human experiences and
at the same time return nursing to its once
respected status. - Elizabeth E. Rogers.
Edmonton, Alberta.
Journals needed
Dear Editor:
The members of the Student Nurses' As-
sociation of Trinidad and Tobago are avid
readers of your magazine. Unfortunately,
due to limited resources, we are unable to
subscribe.
We would therefore be grateful if any
nurses or associations could donate copies
of the journal to our association. They
need not be new - any available ones
would be appreciated. - Mr. Michael
Phillips, President, Student Nurses' Asso-
ciation of Trinidad ilnd Tobago. P.O.S.
General Hospital, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad.
OCTOBER 1967
If you were designing a disposable
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6 THE CANADIAN NURSE
OCTOBER 1967
news
Plans Complete For CNA
Regional Workshops
Four remaining regional workshops for
directors and assistant directors of nursing
services, sponsored by the Canadian Nurses'
Association, are to be held in October and
November, 1967.
Theme of the workshops is Improve-
ment of Nursing Service in Hospitals
Through the Problem-solving Approach.
Speakers will discuss techniques of problem
solving with the aim of stimulating direc-
tors to use the problem-solving approach in
the administration of nursing services.
The consultant on problem solving at
the Toronto conference, which will be held
October 17-20. 1967, is Dr. Winston Ma-
hatao, associate professor of commerce, Mc-
Master University. Hamilton. Jean Ander-
son, director of nursing at Vicoria Public
Hospital. Fredericton, New Brunswick. and
Hazel Keeler. director of the school of
nursing at the University of Saskatchewan.
also will address the delegates.
Dr Mahatao will lead discussions again
at the London. Ontario work
hop. Novem-
ber 7-10. 1967. Speal.ers will he Margaret
Cameron. executive director of the Man-
itoba Association of Registered Nurses. and
Ryllys Cutler. ;Is
istant professor. school of
nursing. University of New Brunswick.
The Regina worl.shop will be held Oc-
tober 24-27. 1967. with Dr. Larry Moore,
faculty of commerce and business adminis-
tration, University of British Columbia. act-
ing as consultant. Other speakers are Mary
Richmond. director of nursing at the Van-
couver General Ho
pital. and Margaret
Street. associate professor at the school of
nursing. University of British Columbia.
The workshop to be held in Quebec City,
November 28 to December I. is to be con-
ducted in the French language. English-
speaking nurses from Quebec are invited to
attend one of the Ontario workshops. while
French-speaking nurses from New Bruns-
wick are invited to the Quebec City work-
shop.
Nova Scotia Nursing Students
Provide New Scholarship
Halifax. - The Student Nurses' A
so-
ciation of Nova Scotia has set up a fund
to provide scholarship assistance for a
member who plans to further her education
in nursing. The scholarship will be awarded
for the first time in 1968.
Schools of nursing throughout the prov-
ince have assisted in raising money for the
fund. A doll raffle has been used as the
major money-raising project.
OCTOBER 1967
Russian Health Services Theme of Meeting
"
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A lively discussion on health and medicine in the USSR took place recently
at a meeting conducted by the education and nursing committees of District
Xl, French Chapter, of the Association of Nurses of the Province of Quebec.
The meeting, which was held on the grounds of Expo 67, was followed by a
supper in the Russian pavilion. Left to right are Violet Anutoosmkin, inter-
preter for the group, Germaine Lacharité, Nicole DuMouchel, and Dr. Oup-
kina, a doctor from the emergency clinic of the Russian pavilion at Expo 67.
The scholarship will be awarded to a
member of the 1968 graduating class. Fac-
ulty from each of the 15 schools will be
asked to submit the name of the candidate.
based on criteria established by the students'
association. The final selection of the can-
didate will be made by a draw at the
annual meeting.
SRNA Holds Workshops
On Collective Bargaining
Regina. - The Saskatchewan Registered
Nurses' Association is sponsoring six one-
day workshops on collective bargaining to
help members to be better informed on the
subject. Worl.shops will be held in October
in six cities throughout the province. Glen-
na Rowsell. nursing consultant in social and
economic welfare of the Canadian Nurses'
Association. is the discussion leader and
principal speaker.
The first workshop will be held in Regina
on October 4. Others are scheduled for
York ton October 10. Humbolt October 12,
Saskatoon October 16. Prince Albert Oc-
tober 18. and North Battleford October 20.
Topics for discussion will include a re-
view of the essentials of bargaining proce-
dures, the possible role of the SRNA in
collective bargaining, and procedures to be
carried out by individual groups who wish
to organize a bargaining unit.
Miss Rowsell will also hold a two-day
workshop on collective bargaining for SRNA
chapter presidents and members of the so-
cial and economic welfare committee. This
workshop will take place in Regina. Oc-
tober 5 and 6.
Additions to CNA Archives
Ottawa. - A start has been made on
what is planned as a permanent colIection
of Canadian nursing caps. The Canadian
Nurses' Association recently received six
different caps from schools of nursing
across the country.
The oldest are from the Mack Training
School for Nurses, St. Catha rines, Ontario.
They date from 1878 and 1900.
l\ set 01 mllllary oUllons worn In both
the First and Second World Wars also has
been sent for the Archives Collection.
When the new CNA House was built, an
archives room was provided as part of the
THE CANADIAN NURSE 7
news
J
library facilities. and the library became
responsible for a permanent archives col-
lection.
"We are anxious to receive items for the
collection," reported Miss Margaret Parkin.
CNA Librarian. "If an effort is not made
now to preserve items of historical signif-
icance, they will disappear irretrievably,"
she added.
The CNA also proposes to establish a
central index or catalogue of items of his-
torical significance. The aim of this pro-
ject. which wa
initiated by the National
Office Auxiliary, is to have readily avail-
able in one location, full information on
the resources of historical material on nurs-
ing in Canada.
Informal Course for
" Instant librarians"
Ottawa. - Informal one-day programs
for non-professional staff employed in hos-
pital libraries is the latest project of the
Canadian Nur
es' Association. CNA Li-
brarian Marg....et ParI-in ha
received five
visitors. non-profðsional librari.ms from
hospitals "nd region.11 schools in southern
Ont"rio and Quebec for (me-day visits to
discuss librdrY problem
. and for orienta-
tion to the special needs of personnel in
hospitals and schools of mlr
ing for library
service.
'This program is at best a stop-gap in
view of the shortage of qualified librarians
for these libraries:' said Mis
ParI-in. "how-
ever it does permit us to u
e our personnel
and resources to the best advantage. We
can discu
mutual problems. and it gives
the visitor an introduction to the CNA
library reSOurces .Iv.lilablc 10 CNA members
and nursing libraries:'
Library stdff from schools of nursing can
apply for visits to CNA I ibrary. "We be-
lieve even this small program helps the
non-profe
sional librarian to provide opti-
,mum library service. and good nur
ing edu-
cation. service. and research are dependent.
to some degree at least. on the availability
of
uch service,"
he added.
After Seven Years
Baccalaureate Nurses Earn
More Than Teachers
New York. - Seven year:. after college.
the average annu.1I
alaries of nurses are
Iightly higher th.m tho
e for teachers.
Nurses are still well down (eighth) on the
lists of average sdlarie
, ranking after die-
titians or home economist
and social. wel-
fare. and recreation workers.
These statistics are for the United States
in 1964. and were released recently by the
American Nurses' Association, and based on
a U.S. Department of Labor Bulletin.
8 THE CANADIAN NURSE
leprosy Control In Dahomey Aided by UNICEF
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Dr. Roger Akollete of Dahomey one of Africa's new young nations, smiles at
a young citizen who appears to have a healthy start in life. Dr. Akouete,
medicin-chef of the leprosy sectioll of Grandes Endémies, a government or-
ganization for actio II against mass diseases, is on a visit to the southern Da-
homey water village of Gallvié. Aid to the project was provided in the form
of transportation and drugs by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF).
Again this Halloween, Canadian children will help children around the world
by making their annual door-to-door collection for UNICEF on October 31.
In a table listing average annual salaries
for women college gradu.lte
seven years
after graduation. chemists, mathematicians,
and statisticians are shown as receiving the
highest yearly income - $8.039 on the
average. Managers and officials rank second.
with $7,466. and miscellaneous school work-
ers (not teachers) .Ire third. with $6.744.
Nurses rank in eighth position, with a
yearly average salary of $6.078. Teachers
were reported to receive $5.589.
The nurses' salaries were slightly "bove
the national average for women graduates,
$5,947.
Dalhousie Announces Changes
In Nursing Program
Halifax. - The school of nursing of
Dalhousie University has announced changes
in its three-year degree program offered for
registered nurses. Changes will be effective
September, 1968.
The new program. designed to increase
the content and depth of the course, pro-
vides profes
ional studies throughout the
three years. In the first year. professional
ubjects will incl ude current trends in nurs-
ing and a public health science course. In
the second year, students will study normal
growth and development and principles of
administration and teaching, as well as one
of the following specialties: medical-surgical
nursing; obstetrical nursing: psychological
nursing: or public health nursing. In the
fin"J year studenls will take a course in
either nursing service administration or cur-
riculum development in schools of nursings.
along with the clinical application of their
specialty. Subjects from the faculty of Arts
and Science are also included in all three
years.
Credit obtained in present one-year di-
ploma programs cannot be applied toward
the degree course after 1970.
The school will continue to offer the
one-year diploma course in public health
nursing, teaching in schools of nursing. and
nursing service administration. and the two-
year course in outpost nursing.
(COlllillIlCd 011 pa
c 10)
OCTOBER 1967
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Use Abbott's Butterfly Infusion Set
in an adult arm?
Certainly. The fact is. today more Abbott
"Butterfly Infusion Sets" are used in adult
arms and hands. etc.. than in infant
scalps.
Good reason.
Abbott's Butterfly I nfusion Set simplifies
venipuncture in difficult patients. It has
proved fine in squirming mfants. But it has
proved equally helpful in restless adults.
and in oldsters with fragile. rolling veins.
And. once in place. the small needle.
ultraflexible tubing. and stabilizing wings
tend to prevent needle movement. and to
avoid vascular damage.
Folding Butterfly Wings
The Butterfly wings are flexible. Like a
butterfly. They fold upward for easy grasp-
ing. They let you manoeuver the needle
with great accuracy. even when the
Abbott's Butterfly
ABBOTT LABORATORIES LIMITED
OCTOBER 1%7
needle shaft IS held flat against the skin.
Then. once the needle is inserted. the
wings spread flat. They conform to the
skin. They provide a stable anchorage for
taping. The needle can be immobilized so
securely and so flat to the skin that there
is little hazard of a fretful patient dis-
lodging or moving it.
...
ËJ
BUTTERFlY.23
IllIUSIIIII SII
r""';11111 SgIf ',."""$11
Infusion Set
73.S
-
Five Peel-Pack Sets
To accommodate patients of various ages.
Abbott supplies Butterfly Infusion Sets in
5 sizes. Four provide thinwall (extra-
capacity) needles. The Butterfly-25. -23.
-21 and -19 come with a small-lumen
vinyl tubing. The 16-gauge size. however.
provides tubing of proportionately en-
larged capacity. and thus is particularly
suited to mass blood or solution infusions
in surgery.
The sets are supplied in sterile "peel-
pack" envelopes. Just peel the envelope
apart. Drop the set onto a sterile tray-
it's ready for use in any sterile area. Your
AbbottManwiligladlygiveyou e:J
material for evaluation. Or
write to Abbott Laboratories. A88CTT
Box 6150. Montreal. Quebec.
HALIFAX. MONTREAL. TORONTO. WINNIPEG. VANCOUVER
435Y
THE CANADIAN NURSE 9
news
(Continued from page 8)
Hamilton Civic Hospital Nurses
Apply for Certification
Hamilton. - Hamilton Civic nurses have
become the ninth hospital group in Ontario
to apply to the Labor Relations Board for
certification as bargaining agent for nurses.
These groups have been assisted by the Reg-
istered Nurses' Association of Ontario.
The request was made after three months
of activity, in which both the Nurses' Asso-
ciation Hamilton Civic Hospitals and the
Canadian Union of Public Employees sought
to represent Hamilton nurses. CUPE, which
represents public health nurses in Toronto
and London and non-professional workers
in various hospitals, withdrew its bid in
early August.
Both the nurses and hospital management
requested that the Labor Relations Board
appoint an examiner to study the functions
and classifications of nurses. The nurses
want all positions below the level of assist-
ant director of nursing and assistant dir-
ector of the school of nursing to be in-
cluded in the bargaining unit. The hospital
hopes 10 exclude head nurses, supervisors,
and registered nurses who are not involved
in direct patient care. However, it is pos-
sible that the bargaining unit will be agreed
upon by negotiation between the parties,
rather than through examination.
Hamilton Civic Hospitals, operating Ha-
milton General Hospital and Henderson
General Hospital, employ approximately
900 nurses.
l. J
LlPPlNCuTT'REFERENCE <E5
QUICK .00' FO" NU",
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LIPPINCOTT'S QUICK REFERENCE BOOK FOR NURSES
By Helen Young, R.N.; and Eleanor Lee, R.N., A.B. With an
Author Panel from the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine,
Columbia University, Columbia University School of Nursing, New
York.
Through eight editions this widely-used reference has provided quick access to key facts and in-
formation so vital to nursing practice. The material is organized so that the book is as easy to con-
sult as a dictionary. Insertion of tabular material, in direct alignment with retated subjects, permits
rapid consultation.
Current technics, commonly-used treatments and n
rsing c
e are con
sely pr
sented ill; six maj
r
classifications: Nursing Technics, Medical and SurgIcal Nursmg, MaterPUty Nursmg, Nursmg of ChIl-
dren. Normal and Therapeutic Diets and Pluumacology.
The Pharmacology section of the 1967 Printing has. been expanded to. in
lude . the new approved
drugs. 1ñis entire section has been completely rewnllen and updated mime WIth current thought
on drug usage, counterindications and dosage.
1ñis compact, 800-page reference can be recommended, without reservation, as an invaluable aid
to the practitioner, and as a review and "refresher" for the student.
XL iPPincot
J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY OF CANADA LTD.
60 Front Street Welt Toronto I, Ontorio
Please send me copy (ies) of:
LlPPINC01TS QUICK REFERENCE BOOK FOR NURSES
800 Pages. Illustrated.
8th Edition.
NAMIi
ADDRESS
CITY
1967 Printing with Drug Revisions.
$S.80.
$5.80
o Payment enclosed
o Cluuge and bill
10 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Quo Vadis School
Graduates Second Class
Toronto. - Canada's unique school of
nursing for mature women graduated its
second class on Saturday, September 9, 1967.
Twenty-nine members of the Quo Vadis
School of Nursing received their diplomas
in ceremonies at Convention Hall at the
University of Toronto.
The Quo Vadis School is unique in that
it was established for mature students, 30
to 50 years of age. Of the 29 members of
the graduating class, 22 are married; 19 have
families; four are grandmothers.
Most of the new graduates are from the
province of Ontario; the remainder include
five from the western provinces, two from
Quebec, and one from the United States.
They began their nursing studies in Sep-
tember 1965, and wrote registration exam-
inations in August 1967. They all propose
to work in Ontario.
The Quo Vadis School is incorporated as
a two-year independent school of nursing.
It has its own board of directors; financial
support is provided by the Ontario govern-
ment through the Ontario Hospital Services
Commission. A new building for the school
is under construction on the grounds of the
Queensway General Hospital.
Montreal Neurological Hospital
Announces New Scholarship
Montreal. - The establishment of the
Hartland B. MacDougall Nursing Scholar-
ship was announced recently by Bertha I.
Cameron, director of nursing at the Mont-
real Neurological Hospital.
The scholarship, worth $500, is to be
awarded annually to nurses of the Montreal
Neurological Institute for advanced study.
CN-""
Nursing leader On Committee
To Choose Outstanding Civil
Servant For 1967
Ottawa. - Alice Girard, prominent nurs-
ing leader, has been named to a five-man
committee to select the 1967 recipient of
the Award for Outstanding Achievement in
the Public Service of Canada. She is the
first woman to be so chosen.
Miss Girard is dean of the Faculty of
Nursing, University of Montreal, and presi-
dent of the International Council of Nurses.
She was a member of the Royal Commis-
sion on Health Services in Canada, and
this year received the Florence Nightingale
Medal of the International Red Cross for
her contributions to the nursing profession.
Heads of all public service organizations,
including the RCMP and the armed forces,
have been asked for nominations for this
highest award available to federal public
servants. The award will be presented by
the Governor-General at a ceremony at
Government House early in December. It
consists of a citation and an honorarium
(Continued on page 12)
OCTOBER 1967
your
Own
hands:
"""
soft testimony to your patients' comfort
Your own hands are testimony to Dermassage's effectiveness. Applied by your
soft, practiced hands, Dermassage alleviates your patient's minor skin irritations
and discomfort. It adds a welcome, soothing touch to tender, sheet-burned
skin; relieves dryness, itching and cracking. . . aids in preventing decubitus
ulcers, In short , Dermassage is "the topical tranquilizer", , . it relaxes the patient
. , , helps make his hospital stay more pleasant.
You will like Dermassage for other reasons, too. A body rub with it saves your time
and energy, Massage is gentle, smooth and fast. You needn't follow-up with
talcum and there is no greasiness to clean away. It won't stain or soil linens or
bed-clothes, You can easily make friends with Dermassage-send for a sample!
Now available in new, 16 ounce plastic container with convenient flip-top closure.
.....
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s\.." .,.,....
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MEDICATED
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un
e'
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c:5Ø LAKESIDE LABORATORIES (CANADA) LTD.
64 Colgate Avenue. Toronto 8, Ontario
THE CANADIAN NURSE 11
OCTOBER 1967
news
(Colltillued from page 10)
of $5,000.
Chairman of the Committee to select the
award is the Honorable John Valentine
Clyne, chairman and chief officer of Mac-
Millan Bloedel Ltd.. Vancouver. Other
members of the Committee are: T. Norbert
Beaupré, chairman of the board. Domtar
Ltd., Montreal; Douglas V. LePan, princi-
pal, University College, University of To-
ronto; and Pierre Gendron, vice-president
and director general, Canadian Breweries
Eastern Division, Montreal.
International Conference
Discusses "New Families"
Quebec. - Delegates from more than 30
countries met August 27 to September 2 at
Laval University for the 18th International
Conference on the Family. It was a Con-
vention for Couples - for the International
Union of Family Organizations, the spon-
soring body, has its reason for being in
married couples and its business and theme
is family life.
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12 THE CANADIAN NURSE
67-3
The conference had an overall theme of
"New Families in Society." According to
Pierre Brien, coordinator for the confer-
ence, new families encounter difficulties un-
known to the previous generations. "They
have to adapt themselves to new theories
about the role of women in society, family
planning, and the education of children and
adolescents," he pointed out. "One of their
most crucial problems is undoubtedly the
use of credit. Through the conference, we
hope we can encourage more active partic-
ipation in family movements that can assist
governments in establishing policies that are
in line with the needs of families today," he
said.
Speakers and discussions centered on four
main subjects: formation of new families;
standard of living of new families; housing;
and participation of new families in or-
ganizations that will assist them to adapt
to present-day society.
American Dietetics Association
Holds Fiftieth Anniversary
Meeting in Chicago
Chicago. - The fiftieth anniversary
meeting of the American Dietetic Associa-
tion was held, August 14 to 18, 1967.
Among several sessions held during the
week was a symposium on diet and heart
disease, co-sponsored by ADA and the
American Heart Association. Dr. James M.
Hundley of the Presbyterian Medical Cen-
ter, San Francisco, addressed the delegates.
Co-sponsors with ADA for a symposium
on Diabetes Education were the U.S. Public
Health Service and the American Diabetes
Association. Ester Peterson, assistant secre-
tary of labor, reviewed the availability of
manpower, with the emphasis on women,
during a symposium on manpower.
An exhibition consisting of 289 booths
ran from August 15 - 17, with 195 food
and service equipment companies represent-
ed.
The Illinois Dietetic Association was host
for the meeting, which was honored by the
proclamation of Nutrition Week in Illinois
by Governor Otto J. Kerner.
Conference for Editors
of Nursing Journals
New York. - A magazine's state of
health can be gauged by its cir<:ulation and
by the number of letters it receives from
its readers, the editor of Nursing Times,
Peggy Nuttall, told state bulletin editors at-
tending a conference in New York City
August 24 and 25. "If your circulation
graph rises and the number of letters to
the editor is on the increase, then your
magazine is in a healthy state," Miss Nuttall
said. "On the other hand, if both the
number of subscribers and the letters to the
editor remain the same or tend to drop. thr
magazine's health is questionable."
Miss Nuttall was one of several partic-
(Continued Oil paRe 14)
OCTOBER 1967
Save hours of your time D 1 1 @
by replacing the enema with... U CO ax Suppositories
,
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-
Even modern enema equipment is cumbersome and time-
consuming to assemble. Irrigation poles, bags, tubing,
bedpans-all must be drawn from Central Supply, in-
spected and brought to the bedside. It cuts into your valu-
able morning time and becomes a real burden when you
have several patients needing enemas.
And, more often than not, your patients are distressed at
the prospect of discomfort and loss of dignity-especially
the elderly, the seriously ill, or postpartum and post-
surgical patients.
Dulcolax Suppositories offer a sure, simple way to elimi-
nate the enema routine. One small suppository is inserted
in seconds. You like the simplicity and convenience-
patients are grateful to be spared the ordeal of an enema.
Dulcolax Suppositories usually act in 15 minutes to I hour,
so you can time evacuations and reduce accidents. You
can finish the whole ward in less time, with less effort,
less soiled linen.
Dul CO lax (brand of bisacodyl)
Du1colax Suppositories 10 mg
Du1colax Suppositories for Children 5 mg
Du1colax Tablets 5 mg
OCTOBER 1967
Boehringer Ingelheim Products
Division of Geigy (Canada) Limited, Montreal
8-5113-65
THE CANADIAN NURSE 13
by
ICJ
'(SI:I
THE SUPPORT STOCKING WOMEN RELY
ON FOR COMFORT WITH A FASHION LOOK
Supp-hose has steadily gained the loyalty of
many Canadian women who buy it again and
again because it provides the two factors
wanted most in a support stocking: firm, two-
way support that's attractively appropriate
for street and dress wear. Recommend Supp-
hose for a fashionable solution to mild vari-
.Can. Pat. 57020t tT.M. Reg.
14 THE CANADIAN NUKSE
cosities and leg fatigue among women who
spend many hours daily on thcir fcet: house-
wives, nurses, teachers, waitresses, salesclerks
.md hairdressers. YOur patients will doubly
appreciate all-nylon Supp-hose Regular for
its long-lasting wear and economy.
Supp-hosê t Stockings
bYi:"KAYSER
fine produch of
Kayser-Roth of Canada
news
(Continued from page 12)
ipants at the Conference, sponsored by the
American Journal of Nursing Company in
cooperation with the American Nurses' As-
sociation. Others included Charles Ferguson,
senior editor, Reader's Digest; John Peter,
editorial staff, Look; and Barbara G. Schutt,
editor, Grethchen Gerds, managing editor,
and Thelma M. Schorr, senior editor, Amer-
ican JourlUll of Nursing. Philip E. Day,
executive director of the American Journal
of Nursing Company. was conference chair-
man.
The editors of THE CANADIAN NURSE and
L'INFIRMIÈRE CANADIENNE attended the con-
ference.
Voluntary Emergency Forces Gives
1,000,000 Hours of Service
Montreal. - Expo 67 will be long re-
membered, not only for its magnificent
buildings, art collections, theatrical produc-
tions, and scientific wonders, but also for
the millions of people from all over the
world who visited the Expo grounds during
1967. Interesting as they were, these mil-
lions posed special problems of accident
treatment and prevention, however, prob-
lems that have been the special concern of
a team of men and women from every
province in Canada who have been on duty
seven days a week, 17 hours a day, in
teams of about 45 at a time, and at 9 differ-
ent first aid posts throughout the grounds.
The St. John Ambulance Association and
Brigade has provided this extraordinary
volunteer service. "While others prepare to
celebrate our centenary, St. John prepares
to serve in '67," said the organization's an-
nual report of 1965. And serve it has.
In addition to staffing nine Expo 67 first
aid posts, the St. John Ambulance Associa-
tion provided first aid coverage along the
routes of the Centennial Train and the Cen-
tennial Caravans, at the Pan American
Games in Winnipeg, and at hundreds of
exhibitions, sports events, and public gather-
ings of all kinds. In short, the approximately
11,000 members of the St. John Ambulance
Brigade gave to Canadians almost one mil-
lion hours in voluntary public service in
the year.
Around the world the St. John Ambu-
lance Association offers first aid service in
times of accident, sickness or disaster. An
important part of its program is its training
courses, not only in first aid, but also in
home nursing and child care; across Canada
last year. over 135,000 persons passed these
courses. In its Save-A-Life artificial respira-
tion classes, St. John expects to train at
least 175,000 persons in 1967. This pro-
gram, started in 1954, trained its one mil-
lionth person last year. 0
OCTOBER 1967
names
Loral A. Graham
became editorial as-
sistant for THE CANA-
DIAN NURSE on Sep-
tember 18, 1967.
Mrs. Graham grad-
uated from Carleton
University with an
honors degree in Eng-
lish in 1966. She
was employed by the National Research
Council as information services officer be-
fore joining the editorial staff of the jour-
nal
Mrs. Graham replaces Carla D. Penn, who
has left the staff to travel abroad.
....
-
Nicole Beaudry-
Johnson recently join-
ed the editorial staff
of L'infirmière cana-
dienne.
A graduate of I'Hô-
pital Maisonneuve in
Montreal, Mrs. Beau-
t-' dry-Johnson obtained
a bachelor's degree in
education and nursing from l'lnstitut Mar-
guerite d'Youville. She then studied public
relations at McGill University.
Before teaching obstetrics at the Hôtel-
Dieu in Saint-Jerome, Quebec, she worked
as a general duty nurse in Vancouver and
Montreal. She also worked as an airline
hostess, as translator for an advertising
agency, and as a member of the editorial
staff of Les caMers du nursing.
Mrs. Beaudry-Johnson replaces Michèle
Dutrisac-Kilburn, who recently left the
journal staff.
' Replacing Ramona
Papla.skas - Ramunas,
who recently left the
staff of L'infirmière
Canadienne, is Nicole
Choquette- Blais.
A graduate of the
University of Ottawa,
Mrs. Blais was presi-
dent of the students'
ossoclatIon of the department of dietetics
and home economics in 1965-66. Previous
to accepting her present post, she spent a
year as assistant editor of the women's and
social pages of Ottawa's Le Droit.
Dr, Amy Griffin will spend three months
in India this year on an assignment for the
World Health Organization.
OCTOBER 1967
Dr. Griffin, presently professor of nurs-
ing at the University of Western Ontorio.
is a graduate of the Hamilton General
Hospital. She obtained a certificate in nurs-
ing education and a bachelor or arts degree
from the University of Toronto, and an
M.Sc.N. degree from Wayne State Univer-
sity in Detroit. She attended Teachers Col-
lege, Columbia University. on an Alumnae
Fellowship to study for her doctoral de-
gree.
Dr. Griffin, who has had wide experi-
ence in nursing education, will advise on
the organization and content of courses in
nursing education at the University of Pun-
jab's College of Nursing in Chandigarh. She
wiII also investigate the feasibility of start-
ing a master's program in 1970.
Sister M. Virginia
is the new director of
St. Mary's Hospital
School of Nursing,
Kitchener, Ontario.
A graduate of St.
Joseph's Hospital in
Hamilton, Ontario,
Sister attended the
University of Western
Ontario and obtained a diploma in nursing
education. She completed the hospital or-
ganization and management course spon-
sored by the Canadian Nurses' Association
and the Canadian Hospital Association in
1964 and received a certificate in hospital
administration. In 1967 she graduated from
St. Francis Xavier University with a
B.Sc.N. degree.
Sister Virginia remained at St. Joseph's
Hospital until 1964, attaining the posItIon
of director of the school of nursing.
In 1964 she moved to St. Mary's Hospi-
tal in Kitchener, first as area supervisor,
then as director of nursing service.
Sister assumed her new duties in June,
1967.
A graduate of the
Mack Training School
. . for Nurses, Sylvia J.
· Brough, is principal
of the new Mock
School of Nursing of
St. Catha rines, On-
tario.
t Miss Brough holds
a certificate in clini-
cal supervision in surgical nursing from the
University of Toronto, and a baccalaureate
degree from the University of Western On-
tario. In 1966, she obtained a master's de-
gree in nursing from Boston University.
The Mock School of Nursing is one of
Ontario's new regional schools. Ninety stu-
dents are enrolled in the fall class schedul-
ed to begin this September. Five area hos-
pitals will participate in its program by pro-
viding clinical facilities for the students.
The Saskatchewan
Institute of Applied
Arts and Sciences,
Saskatoon, has an-
nounced the appoint-
ment of Jean Byam
, to the position of as-
sistant director of its
school of nursing.
A graduate of the
Royol Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Miss
Byam received a B.Sc.N. degree from the
University of Saskatchewan. She served
overseas during World War II, return-
ing to Canada to hold the positions of
charge nurse of a surgical ward, and oper-
ating room supervisor. Prior to her pres-
ent appointment, she spent nine years as
clinical coordinator at the Saskatoon City
Hospital.
'w
. -
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Phyllis H. Baker Yvonne Chapman
Phyllis H. Baker and Yvonne Chapman
have been appointed nursing consultants
with the Saskatchewan Hospital Association.
Miss Baker, a graduate of the Atkinson
School of Nursing, Toronto Western Hos-
pital, holds a B.ScN. and a diploma in
teaching and supervision in schools of nurs-
ing from McGill, and a certificate from the
advanced course in operating room techni-
que and management from The Montreal
General Hospital. She is the 1958 winner
of the operating room scholarship from the
Toronto Western Hospital.
The new nursing consultant has worked
as clinical instructor in the operating room,
and postgraduate clinical instructor in
charge of the advanced course in operating
room technique and management at The
Montreal General Hospital. In 1963, she
became director of the centralized teaching
program in Saskatoon, a position she held
THE CANADIAN NURSE 15
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16 THE CANADIAN NURSE
At better shoe stores across Canada.
news
until accepting her present post on July I,
1967.
Miss Chapman graduated from Victoria
Hospital in Halifax, Nova Scotia. She re-
ceived a diploma in administration of hos-
pital nursing service from the University of
Saskatchewan in 1962 and her B.Sc.N. from
McGill in 1967.
Miss Chapman was a public health nurse
in British Columbia and Saskatchewan be-
fore becoming head nurse at Victoria Union
Hospital in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan,
and director of nursing at the Rosthern
Union Hospital, Rosthern, Saskatchewan.
Before attending McGill in 1966, she served
as supervisor of nursing service at the Re-
gina General Hospital.
Elisabeth E. Hartig
recently was appoint-
ed assistant superin-
tendent of nursing
education for the Sas-
katchewan Depart-
ment of Education.
A graduate of the
Royal Victoria Hos-
pital School of Nurs-
ing in Montreal, Miss Hartig received a
B.Sc.N. degree from the University of
Western Ontario in 1952. In 1964 she was
awarded a master of nursing degree from
the University of Washington.
Miss Hartig spent 10 years in India as a
missionary nurse before returning to Can-
ada to teach clinical nursing at the Royal
Alexandra Hospital in Edmonton. She di-
rected the Saskatoon Center of Saskatche-
wan's centralized teaching program from
1961 until 1963, when she became medical-
surgical coordinator at University Hospital
in Saskatoon. Before accepting her present
position in July 1967, she was assistant pro-
fessor of nursing education at the Univer-
sity of Western Ontario, London, Ontario.
Dr. C.H. Skitch is retiring as medical
superintendent of Douglas Hospital, Ver-
dun, Quebec.
Dr. Skitch graduated from the Universi-
ty of Alberta and joined the Douglas Hos-
pital staff in 1931. He was certified in
psychiatry by the Royal College of Phy-
sicians and Surgeons of Canada in 1945. In
1963 he became medic:1I superintendent of
the hospital.
Replacing Dr. Skitch as medical super-
intendent is Dr. C.H. Cahn.
Dr. Cahn began his medical studies at
Oxford and graduated from the University
of Toronto Medical School in 1945. He re-
turned to England for postgraduate studies
in psychiatry and joined the Douglas Hos-
pital staff in 1951. 0
OCTOBER 1967
Selecting a Physics Text for next semester?
1'l
Before making a final decision. consider
the text most frequently adopted for
in "Physics" in Schools of Pro-
Nursing.
,
courses
fessional
;-.... ---
_. -
-_....
AN
INTRODUCTION
Here is the first text in its subject area to correlate the basic
concepts of physics as they apply to actual nursing and medical
situations. In its completely updated new 5th edition it can assist
you, more than ever before, in helping your students apply the
basic aspects of physics while caring for the sick, performing
therapeutic procedures, and using medical apparatus. Unlike other
texts which present purely theoretical discussions of physics, this
book compiles concepts that are related to the nurse's experi-
ence - and presents them in easily understood, direct termino-
logy.
Now, with the ßid of this new 5th edition, you can help your
students grasp the importance of recent advances in the use of:
New 5th Edition!
Flitter
NURSING
IN
radioelements and radio-isotopes in clinical medicine; newer ap-
paratus and therapeutic procedures; artificial kidneys; ultrasonic
fetal heart monitors; ßnd thermography for diagnosis.
Give your students the best possible opportunity to keep pace
with the growing importance of physics in nursing - select
the New 5th Edition of AN INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS
IN NURSING for your required text next semester.
By HESSEL HOWARD FLITTER, R.N., Ed.D., Assistant D...n and Professor,
College of Nuning, University of Kentucky. Publication date: October, 1967.
5th edition, approx. 240 pages, 7 1 /4" x 1 Oljzll, 111 illustrations. About
$5.95
Two New Supplementary Texts for your Course in Medical-Surgical Nursing
A New Book!
NURSING CARE
OF THE CANCER PATIENT
Furoishes the student with the knowledge and understanding
necessary for the efficient and effective care of patients with
cancer. Covers pathology and physiological aspects of the di-
sease and the various pooses of prevention, detection, diagnosis,
therapy, and rehabilitation.
By ROSEMARY BOUCHARD, A.B., A.M., Ed.D., R.N. Publication date: Nov-
ember, 1967. Appro... 274 pages, 6 1 12" .. 91f.", 85 figures. About $8.95.
A New Book! NURSING CARE OF
THE PLASTIC SURGERY PATIENT
Any student aspiring to become an O.R.N. should be exposed to
this valuable new guidebook. encompassing surgical techniques,
preoperative and postoperative nursing care, and the plßstic
surgery patient's psychological needs and how to meet them.
By DONALD WOOD-SMITH, M.D., F.R.C.S.E.; and PAULINE C. POROWSKI,
R.N. Publication da'.: November. 1967. Approx. 450 page., 61jz'" x 9Ijz.',
247 illustrations. About $13.50.
THE C. V. MOSBY COMPANY, LTO
PUblishers
86 Northline Road. Toronto 16, Ontario
OCTOBER 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 17
R
NwnR, Puu
P,eterred by Nu,ses Everywhe,e! ;'.
I ANN
O HN.l.P. N. {
M\S sO OR\ 5 U Ë"" ' ;1
HEM) NURS
r . OLBROOK Ji
;TO R J OH N
L''''' 1'::;
: . RES\OEN1 _-
'1- - -
I LSON, R. N.
-
..-
-
f. J'-- ·
r MRS.
Pe.R'J\SOR
No.
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larges!.selhng among nurses' Superb lifetime qüälily
smooth rounded edges featherweight, hes IIal
deeply engraved, and lacquered. Snow white plastic wIll
nol yellow SatlSfactron guaranteed GROUP DISCOUNTS
SMART IDEA: Order 2 identical (same name) Pins at discount
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added convenience (less changing). lette"ng lette"ng
1 Pm only .60' .90'
2 Identical 1.00. 1.60'
1 Pin only 1.25' 1.55 .
2 Identical 2.00' 2.60'
*IMPOATANT Please add 2Sc per order handline charee on .11 orders of
J pins or less GROUP DISCOUNTS 25.99 pins. 5%; 100 or more, 10%
BRAND NEW! 'H
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band Instantly tor launder- va
InK or replacement I Tmy Cap :;,.II
molded black plastic taco No. 6 Tacs $ 1 _
damty gold cadeuceus 200 .nlv
CROSS Pen and Pencil
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Sculptured Caduceus Emblem Lifetime guarantee i
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Pen No. 6602 8 00 No. 3502 5.00
Set No. 6601 16.00 No.3501 10.00
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famQus lippe, ctlrome flnlstl. engraved green and
yellow Caduceus lIfelime "fix-It free" Guarantee , j
No. 1610 Lighter 6.00 ea. ppd.
Waterproof NURSES WATCH
. SWISS made. raised sliver full numerals. lurnm. mark-
..---. mgs Red-tipped sweep second tJand. chrome stainless
. case. Stainless expanSion band plus fREE black leather
strap 1 yr. guarantee.
No. 06.925 12.95 ea. ppd.
o
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In steel Guaranteed to stay sharp 2 years
No. 13728 Shea.. 200 ea. ppd.
TO REEVU COMPANY, Ãllleboro. Mass 02703 U.S.A.
Please send -, 1 Pin 02 Pins (same name) I
STYLE NO. 0 0 . . . . . . . . . 0 . . 0 . . . as shown above
METAL FINISH (JOO or 169), OGold OS,lver
LETTERING COLOR J Black 0 Dark Blue
I
len
IZ
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:
LETTERING. _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ _ . _ _ . . . . . . . .
I
I
:ffi
1:1:
I....
1 0
I
I I enclose S . . . 0 . . . . . (Mass. residents add 3% So To)
I
I Send to . . .. . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I
I Street....... 0 ..00...... ..00.. ........
: CIty.. . . . . . . . . . . . .State. . . . . _ _ . . .llp. . _
I 0 Send Complete Nurses Items Catalog
-------------------------
2nd Line. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . 0 0 . . .
ORDER NO.
QUANT. PRICE
ITEM
18 THE CANADIAN NURSE
dates
October 8-11, 1967
Community Planning
Canada, Centennial
Planning Conference,
Association of
Year National
Ottawa.
October 19-21, 1967
First reunion of graduates of the Mc-
Gill School for Graduate Nurses,
Montreal. For further information
write Moyra Allen, Acting President
of the Alumnae Association, School
for Graduate Nurses, 3618 University
Street, Montreal 2, P.Q.
October 21, 1967
Eleventh Annual Symposium on Re-
habilitation, sponsored by Rehabilita-
tion Foundation for the Disabled and
Ontario Society for Crippled Children,
Inn-on-the-Park, Toronto. Write: Dr. D.
A. Gibson, Suite 1028, 123 Edward
Street, Toronto 2, Ontario.
October 21-22, 1967
60th Anniversary Reunion, Holy Cross
Hospital School of Nursing, Calgary,
Alberta.
October 21-22, 1967
Catholic Hospital Conference of On-
tario, Annual Meeting, King Edward
Hotel. Toronto.
October 22-25, 1967
Ontario Hospital Association, Annual
Meeting, Royal York Hotel, Toronto.
October 24, 1967
Joint annual meetings of Canadian
Heart Foundation and the Canadian
Cardiovascular Society for Nurses in-
volved with coronary care units.
Queen Elizabeth Hotel, Montreal.
October 24-27, 1967
Regional Workshop for Directors of
Nursing Service in Hospitals. Conduct-
ed by the Canadian Nurses' Associa-
tion. Location: School of Nursing, Re-
gina General Hospital, Regina, Sas-
katchewan.
October 25-27, 1967
Annual Convention of Alberta Hospi-
tal Association, Northern Alberta Ju-
bilee Auditorium, Edmonton.
October 26-27, 1967
Operating Room Seminar, sponsored
by the Northern Alberta Operating
Room Nurses' Study Group. Northern
Alberta Jubilee Auditorium, Edmon-
ton, Alberta.
October 30 - November 2, 1967
Institute on Operating Room Manage-
ment (Advanced Program), conducted
by the American Hospital Association, I
840 North Lake Shore Drive, Chica-
go, Illinois.
November 7-9, 1967
9th Annual Meeting Operating Room
Nurses of Montreal. To be held at
Skyline Hotel, 6050 Côte de Liesse,
Montreal, P.Q.
November 13-17, 1967
Nursing Conference on Patient Be-
havior, sponsored by Registered Nur-
ses' Association of Ontario. Inn-on-
the-Park, 1100 Eglinton Ave. E., To-
ronto.
November 16-17, 1967
ANPQ Annual Meeting, Chateau
Frontenac, Quebec City.
November 26 - December 1, 1967
20th Annual Meeting of the World
Federation for Mental Health, Lima,
Peru.
December 4-6, 1967
First Canadian Conference on Hospi-
tal-Medical Staff Relations, sponsored
jointly by the Canadian Medical As-
sociation, Canadian Hospital Asso-
ciation, Canadian Nurses' Association,
Seigniory Club, Montebello, Quebec.
January 25-27, 1968
Royal College of Physicians and Sur-
geons of Canada, annual meeting,
Royal Alexandra Hotel, Winnipeg,
Manitoba.
July, 1968
Canadian Nurses' Association General
Meeting to be held in Saskatoon,
Saskatchewan.
Au
ust 25-31, 1968
5th International Congress of Physical
Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hotel,
Montreal, Quebec. Fee: $40 for para-
medical personnel. For information,
write: Dr. Bernard Talbot, Secretary
General, 5th International Congress
of Physical Medicine, 6300 Darling-
ton Ave., Montreal, Quebec.
OCTOBER 1967
Today's teenagers:
the emotional ravages
of acne may now be a
thing of the past
,
The tragedy of acne touches all of us, either
personally or through friends. Acne is the
curse of growing up, the heritage of puber-
ty, an extra cross to bear through years of
emotional change and insecurity. Every
year it scars thousands of adolescents, many
of them for life.
Some learn to live with acne blemishes.
Some don't, because acne can affect psy-
chological development, too. It can choke
confidence, cause embarrassment and self-
consciousness.
Teachers know that the popular and out-
going student, the one who has interests
outside of class, is a better student and will
probably earn better marks. But the acne
sufferers tend to avoid dates. They are
reluctant to "show their faces". The result
is a loss of confidence.
Now this may all be changed. Recent
OCTOBER 1967
research has developed a chemical com-
bination that works effectively in clearing
acne-ridden skin. Clinical studies indicate
that about eight out of every ten acne cases
can be either completely cleared or sub-
stantially improved. For a long time, this
compound was available only in the clinics
where the research was taking place. But
now it is commercially available, although
it can be used only under a doctor's direc-
tion and is obtainable only under pre-
scription.
The point is simple and obvious. Now acne
sufferers need not "grow out of" acne. If
you have acne, see your doctor. If you
know someone who has acne, tell him to
see his doctor. Now there is effective
treatment.
-published as a public service by FraOk W.
Horner Limited.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 19
in a capsule
Whose problem 1
Last year, 189 suicides were recorded in
Metropolitan Toronto. Similar statistics
exist in most other Canadi'Jn cities. Even
now that suicide has reached epidemic pro-
portions in our country and is listed by the
World Health Organization as among the
to leading causes of death, next to nothing
is being done to halt its spread.
Appalled by Toronto's c.allous attitude
toward suicide, Eric LeBourdais. in an ar-
ticle in Toronto Life, points out that "the
people who could and should be dealing
with the problem have been unable to get
together to decide whose problem it is.
Some say it's the psychiatrist's problem. . . .
Some say it's the medical doctor's. . . . Some
say it's the social worker's problem or the
clergy's. The end result of all the confusion
ond conflict is that the individual and the
community suffer."
In a personal experiment to discover what
sort of help a severely depressed person
could expect in Toronto, Mr. LeBourdais
tried, on two different nights, to get help
for a mythical aunt who he pretended was
deeply distraught and badly in need of pro-
fessional help. He failed.
"Starting around midnight one Sunday, I
oalled the emergency departments of 17
Toronto general hospitals, mental hospitals,
and mental clinics," Mr. LeBourdais says.
"At the Queensway General Hospital I was
referred to St. Joseph's Hospital and Lake-
shore Psychiatric Hospital. SI. Joseph's told
me they didn't have any emergency psy-
chiatric service. Lakeshore Hospital said
that it had no emergency service and only
took referrals from family doctors.
"The Toronto General, Wellesley, St.
Michael's, Mt. Sinai, E.ast General, West
General, Northwestern, Women's College,
Humber Memorial and Scarborough Gener-
al Hospitals gave answers like: "We only
take referrals from doctors." "There is no
psychiatrist on night duty." "We don't have
beds for emergency psychiatric cases."
"At the Ontario Hospital on Queen
Street. .. I was told to call the next day
and make an appointment. . . . At the Clark
Institute. " someone obviously in charge
told me they had "no way of treating her."
At the East York and Scarborough Mental
Health Clinics, there was no answer.
Seventeen tries, seventeen strikeouts. -
Toronto Life, April, 1967.
Bananas for sale
Hippies claim it was the biggest hoax
they ever played. But while hippies laughed,
the banana industry flourished, and the U.S.
Food and Drug Administration tested.
20 THE CANADIAN NURSE
After dried banan.a peels were "smoked"
by a laboratory device for more than three
weeks, the FDA stated that .'no detectable
quantities of known hallucinogens" had
been found in dried banana peel and con-
centrated banana juice.
The FDA turned on its "smoking ma-
chine" - a series of tubes and retorts that
trap smoke - after getting reports that
dried scraping from banana peels were
being smoked for their hallucinogenic ef-
fect.
Anyone interested in a basement full of
bananas?
"A very important place bed"
Leave it to our British colleagues to
find the humor in that most common of
all pieces of hospital equipment - the bed.
Elizabeth Anstice, writing in the July 14,
1967, issue of Nursing Times, began by
pointing out the importance of bed: "All
the important things in life happen in bed;
well for most people they happen in bed
anyway - don't get me wrong, I mean
()
I
II' '..C\
\
\\
' !
-
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things like being born and dying. Come to
that you will probably spend more of your
life in bed than any other single place. A
very important place bed."
"Hospitals," she goes on to 93Y, "realize
the importance of beds. They only talk
about the patient being the center of the
hospital service. The bed is the real star
of the show. I mean, whoever heard of a
four-patient cubicle or a 20-patient ward,
which would be logical after all. It's 01-
ways a four-bed cubicle, a 20-bed ward.
"In fact some hospitals even go so far
as to talk of having X beds - so many
male and so many female. RGther touching.
I may be naive, but what is the difference?
How can they tell? Or is it only other beds
who can tell? Perhaps there is a logical
sequence to it - male bed, female bed,
double bed, maternity bed, then litters of
cots, which in turn grow up to be children's
beds, then adult, full-grown male and fe-
mGle beds themselves."
Suddenly the idea of a 20-patient ward
sounds extremely uncomplicated. D
,Þ y
)
"'-
"Feeding that troop must keep their den mother busy"
OCTOBER 1967
Colored charts of the
female reproductive system. ..
free
L OLIT
A. "'''0
IL INþ,j1'1III LA811"
III.IIIII:CTU" C"LCLITORIS
STANDING
FEMALE PELVIC ORGANS
z..:..._..\. n......
T........ I..-_r
... ............a..Ny
We would like to send you a set of anatomical
drawings of the female reproductive system. They
include illustrations of the changes that occur
during the menstrual cycle. These classic draw-
ings in color by R. L. Dickinson, M.D., are lami-
nated in plastic for permanent use as an aid in
explaining pelvic anatomy to patients; suitable for
grease-pencil use and erasure.
And to help you in your instruction, we offer
two booklets: one with answers to questions young
girls may, or would like to ask, and the other, for
older girls, explaining menstruation and its place
in a woman's life.
If you will fill out the coupon, we will be happy
to provide you, free, with a set of the anatomical
charts, professional samples of Tampax tampons
and sample copies of the booklets for your evalua-
tion. You may then order as many free booklets
as you need.
Tampax tampons help reduce the aversion that
many girls and women feel toward menstruation.
Users experience none of the irritation and chaf-
11tE' DUAL 1"11" . ... . JlUAL POSTt04
N"""lIr
L I
1 , ., \1
\ . '
LININC It,! THIIEE. Þ
':, (0' ,'".us _.' suo'": í:
TUII
....
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS
1.ð.c..1_1 D....I__t. T_... I._,.....IÑ_ .....Y.....NY.
ing often caused by a perineal pad. Tampax
tampons virtually abolish menstrual odor, a
source of embarrassment for many women. And
they are hygienic-easy to insert, to wear, and to
dispose of-so that your patients will feel cool,
clean and fresh when they wear this menstrual
protection.
Tampax tampons are available in Junior, Reg-
ular, and Super absorbencies. Explicit directions
for insertion are enclosed in each package.
TAM PAX
.tampo.M
SANITARY PROTECTION WORN INTERNALLY
MADE ONLY BY CANADIAN T AMPAX CORPORATION LTD., BARRIE, ONTARIO.
r-----------------------,
I Canadian Tampax CorporatIon lImited, I
I P.O. Box 627, 8arrie, Onto I
I Please send free a set of the Dickinson charts, copies of the I
I two booklets, a postcard for easy reordering and samples of I
I Tampax tampons. I
I Name I
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I Address I
L-____________________
J
new products
{
Descriptions are based on information
supplied by the manufacturer and are
provided only as a service to readers.
Mycostatin
(SQUIBB)
Description - An antifungal antibiotic
with activity against a wide variety of
yeasts and yeast-like fungi. Mycostatin
vaginal tablets provide an acceptable, well-
tolerated and safe mycological cure.
Indications - Local treatment of vagi-
nal mycotic infections caused by Candida
albicans. In both pregnant and non-preg-
nant women, the tablets offer an effective
and painless control of such troublesome
and unpleasant symptoms as itching, in-
fI.ammation, and discharge commonly as-
sociated with monilial vaginitis.
For information on administration, dos-
age, and adverse reactions write for the
free booklet from E.R. Squibb & Sons Ltd.
2365 Cote de Liesse Rd., VilIe St. Laurent,
Montreal 9, Quebec.
Pre-Op
(DAVIS & GECK)
Description - A sterile. disposable, tex-
tured surgical scrub sponge made of poly-
urethane and impregnated with a three per-
cent hexachlorophene antibacterial soap. It
has the advantage of being less abrasive,
contains its own surgical soap - which
does away with dispensers - and is individ-
ually sterile-wrapped to avoid accidental
cross-contamination.
Pre-Op surgical scrub sponges are pack-
aged in disposable dispenser cartons, thus
reducing maintenance and re-sterilization
procedures. Each sponge contains sufficient
J 'I
l
ro-op'
I
--
,'.
...
>t-,.
22 THE CANADIAN NURSE
ingredients for a IO-minute scrub, and the
flexible construction follows contours of
the skin and prevents overscrubbing.
For further information write to Cyana-
mid of Canada Limited, 635 Dorchester
Blvd. West, Montreal 2, Quebec.
Indocid
(MERCK SHARP & DOHME)
Description - Indocid (indomethacin) is
a non-steroid drug that has anti-inflamma-
tory, analgesic, and antipyretic activity. Un-
like corticosteroids. it has no effect on pi-
tuitary or adrenal function.
Indications - Effective in the treatment
or rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid (anky-
losing) spondylitis, gout. It is also effective
in the treatment of those cases of severe
osteoarthritis, including degenerative joint
disease of the hip. not responding to treat-
ment with other drugs such as salicylates.
Contraindications - It should not be
given to patients with active peptic ulcer,
gastritis, regional enteritis, or ulcerative co-
litis, and should be used with caution if
there is a history of these disorders. Indo-
methacin is contraindicated in acetylsalicyl-
ic acid sensitive asthmatics. The safety of
Indocid for use during pregnancy or lacta-
tion has not been established. It should not
be prescribed for children because safe con-
ditions for use have not been established.
For a copy of the recently revised Direc-
tion Circular containing adverse reactions.
warnings, dosage and administration, write
to Merck Sharp and Dohme of Canada
Limited. P.O. Box R99, Montreal 3. Quebec.
Microlax
(PHARMACIA)
Description - A new disposable micro-
enema containing tribasic sodium citrate,
sorbitol, sodium lauryl sulphoacetate, and
a small amount of glycerin.
Indications - Constipation in rectum
and sigmoid colon; constipation during preg-
nancy; encopresis, coprostasis; constipation
associated with confinements or surgery;
and as a preliminary to rectoscopic and sig-
moidoscopic examinations.
Dosage - Adults and children: Rectal
application of the contents of one tube.
Bowel evacuation follows usually 5 to 20
minutes after the administration of Micro-
lax. One drop of the contents of the tube
suffices for lubrication of the nozzle.
For further information write: Pharma-
cia (Canada) Ltd., 110 Place Cremazie,
Suite 412, Montreal, Quebec.
-
Easygrasp
(STERllON)
Description - A disposable enema ad-
ministration unit designed to look, handle
and function like a standard reusable stain-
less steel unit. The 2,000 cc. graduated high-
density polyethylene container can be held
by the Easygrasp handle, suspended on an
IV stand or placed on a table. A vented
container cover eliminates sloshing or spil-
ling of the contents of the container while
it is being carried to the bedside.
Because it is disposable after use, it
eliminates the danger of cross contamina-
tion and infection. The EC-21 is offered
clean in a polyethylene bag and is packaged
12 units to a case.
For further information write to Sterilon
of Canada, Ltd.. a subsidiary of the Gil-
lette Company, R36 Rangeview Road, Port
Credit, Ontario.
Kenalog-Im
(SQUIBB)
Description - Kenalog-Im (triamcino-
lone acetonide aqueous suspension) is a
new anti-allergy preparation intended for
depot intramuscular administration in those
allergies. dermatoses. and arthritides or
other connective tissue disorders that are
benefited by systemic corticosteroid ther-
apy. It provides prolonged, precise control
of alIergy symptoms for 14 to 28 days with
a single intramuscular injection.
OCTOBER 1967
I new products
Indications - Intramuscular administra-
tion is indicated when systemic corticoster-
oid therapy is indicated in such conditions
as allergic diseases, dermatoses. or general-
ized rheumatoid arthritis and other connec-
tive tissue disorders. Intramuscular admin-
istration is particularly valuable in such
conditions when corticosteroid therapy is
not feasible. Kenalog-Im may also be given
by intra-articular. intrabursal. or intra ten-
dinous injection in the treatment of inflam-
matory conditions of joints. bursae, tendon
sheaths or ganglia when symptoms are
severe enough to require higher-than-usual
dosage.
In the management of generalized arthrit-
ic disease. the intra-articular injection of
triamcinolone acetonide is intended to sup-
plement other conventional therapeutic
measures. For localized conditions, such as
traumatic arthritis or bursitis, intra-articular
administration may be the sole therapy re-
quired.
Contraindications - Corticosteroids are
contraindicated for patients with active tu-
berculosis, herpes simplex of the eye, and
acute psychoses. They are relatively con-
traindicated in the presence of active peptic
ulcer. acute glomerulonephritis, and infec-
tions that cannot be controlIed by antibio-
tics. The use of steroids in patients with
myasthenia gravis may aggravate myasthen-
ic symptoms and should therefore he given
with proper precautions. Corticosteroids are
not recommended for pregnant patients par-
ticularly during the first trimester, except
when the disease for which they are indi-
cated is very severe.
Precautions - Patients undergoing ster-
oid therapy of any nature should be kept
under close clinical supervision, and the
possibility of severe reactions must be kept
in mind. If reactions should occur, appro-
priate corrective measures should be insti-
tuted and use of the steroid discontinued.
For further information. contact your
Squibb representative or send for a com-
plete technical brochure to E.R. Squibb and
Sons Ltd. 2365 Côte de Liesse Rd., Ville SI.
Laurent. Montreal 9, Quebec.
Literature Available
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It is the first medical journal devoted
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established procedures.
The periodical is being distributed world-
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libraries of medical schools, hospitals. and
nursing schools.
Each issue will include an article of
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authority in a field such as urology, hema-
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hepatitis. Topics scheduled for future issues
include "Azotemia," "Early Confirmation
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Level."
Diagnoslica will be published by the Ames
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tiOOL 0
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>;
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Three thousand years of testing
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It's a controllable weight-builder and energy
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408 Canada Cement Building, Phillips Square, Montreal, P.Q.
OCTOBER 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 23
I
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24 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Ì1
'I
I
ç
When the
call is for IIStat. II
diagnostic findings
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DEXTROSTIX. Reagent Strips: provide a blood glucose
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situations where rapid and accurate blood glucose
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CLiNITEST. Reagent Tablets-provide a quick, reliable,
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OCTOBER 1967
For some years, registered or licens-
ed psychiatric nurses have provided the
bulk of nursing care in psychiatric in-
stitutions in Canada's west. Registered
nurses east of Manitoba have been
aware of this practice, but have paid
little attention to it; their western col-
leagues, on the other hand, have be-
come increasingly concerned about
these health workers, their educational
background, preparation, and future
role.
A group of psychiatric nurses, most
of whom have been trained and regis-
tered in the west, now have formed an
association in Ontario. This association
is asking for legal recognition for its
group by means of an additional regis-
ter, and for the establishment of
schools of nursing for psychiatric
nurses. It presented its demands before
the public at a press conference, in a
brief to the Ontario government, and
in a submission to the Registered
Nurses' Association of Ontario. A com-
mittee of the RNAO presently is stu-
dying the proposals set forth in the
submission.
An examination of this registered
psychiatric nurse issue is overdue. To
remain silent at this point is to give
the impression that we have no interest
in or beliefs about the nursing care the
mentally ill should receive or the ed-
ucational preparation that should be
required of persons giving such care.
Met the need in the 30s
Specialized programs to train psy-
chiatric nurses have been offered by
provincial mental hospitals since 1931
in British Columbia, 1933 in Alberta,
about 1937 in Manitoba, and 1947 in
Saskatchewan. Many of these programs
evolved from two- or three-year
courses that were given to attendants
who provided a custodial type of care.
As custodial care for mentally ill per-
sons gãve way to actual treatment,
there was a demand for the attendants
to have additional skills. Consequently,
the number of hours spent in formal
instruction increased.
Eventually, the psychiatric nurses -
as they came to be called - realized
the value of becoming organized and
formed provincial associations. Legal
recognition followed with the passing
of psychiatric nurses' acts by provin-
vial legislatures, beginning with Sas-
katchewan in 1948.
OCTOBER 1967
That these psychiatric nurses have
made a considerable contribution over
the years cannot be denied. In the
1930s, when the stigma of mental ill-
ness precluded its acceptance, even by
doctors and nurses, they provided care
in large, isolated institutions that at-
tracted few registered nurses. Today,
approximately 3,000 registered psy-
chiatric nurses, who undoubtedly are
attracted to their vocation by the same
humanitarian motives that aUract reg-
istered nurses to theirs, are providing
care in mental institutions as well as
in community treatment programs.
A question to be answered
The question that must be answered,
is this: Should this pattern of psychia-
tric nursing education be perpetuated
in the western provinces and started
in the east? In other words, does this
type of program provide the educa-
tional preparation that is necessary for
nurses who care for the mentally ill?
Logic says - no.
Two main reasons exist for advocat-
ing a phasing-out of the present pro-
grams for registered psychiatric nurses.
The first is based on the premise that
mind and body are an entity and can-
not be compartmentalized and treated
separately. To refute this is tantamount
to refuting the "treat the patient as a
whole" concept. Just as a nurse who
cares for a patient with regional ente-
ritis must be able to recognize his vul-
nerability to a stressful environment
and know how to reduce it, so the
nurse who cares for a patient with a
psychosis must be able to recognize
untoward physical symptoms and know
how to cope with them.
It is true that programs for psychia-
tric nurses do include some lectures
and clinical experience in medical, sur-
gical, and emergency nursing. Our
contention is, however, that a basic
nursing program should encompass all
areas of study and should not be
weighted in any particular area. Spe-
cialization in a given area should fol-
low, not be part of, this basic program.
The second reason, akin to the first,
is based on the recent trend toward an
integration of psychiatric and general
health services. This concept of integra-
tion was recommended by both the
1964 Royal Commission on Health
Services and the Canadian Mental
Health Association, in its 1967 sub-
EDITORIAL I
mission to the federal government. If
this trend continues, and there is every
reason to believe it will, more psychia-
tric units will be included in general
hospitals and small, regional psychia-
tric hospitals will be set up adjacent
to general hospitals.
When the persons who are most
knowledgable about health services in
this country have recommended a com-
ing together of psychiatric and physic-
al medicine, it seems illogical for nurs-
ing services in these two areas to re-
main separate. The Royal Commis-
sion on Health Services recognized
this incongruity and stated: "With the
recommendations we have made res-
pecting the need to integrate the psy-
chiatric and general health services
(particularly the care of psychiatric pa-
tients in general hospitals), we believe
that the need for the separate program
for psychiatric nurses in the four west-
ern provinces will disappear. Special
programs should be set up and finan-
cial assistance provided to enable qu
-
lified psychiatric nurses (R.P.N.) to
qualify for and obtain the Registered
Nurse (R.N.) licence."
Long-term goals needed
Short-tenn goals and expedient solu-
tions wiU not solve the dilemma of
having too few qualified nurses to care
for mentally ill patients. Instead, we
need realistic, long-term goals that wiH
encompass future, as well as present
needs.
One goal should be to phase out
registered psychiatric nurse programs.
Supplementary courses to enable quali-
fied graduates of these programs to
qualify for the RN diploma already
are being offered by three of the reg-
istered nurses' associations in the west.
The fourth, Manitoba, hopes to set up
a similar course in the near future.
The inclusion and integration of
more basic psychiatric concepts
throughout the basic curriculum should
be considered a second goal. This
would give all patients a real chance of
receiving total care.
A third goal, whose attainment rests
with all nurses, is the recruitment of
registered nurses into the psychiatrië
field. And the first logical step would
be to find out why more RNs are not
attracted to this type of nursing.
- V.A.L.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 25
The "rag and bottle" method of
anesthesia is fast fading and, for the
adult, anesthesia is losing its terrors.
Not so for the child, however. Nurses
must remember that anesthetizing a
child is stilI a potentially dangerous
situation, and the child is more suscep-
tible than the adult to anesthetic acci-
dents.
Obviously, a child's anatomy and
physiology differs from an adult's in
many ways. This is a major factor
in considering anesthetic care. Essen-
tially, the respiratory, cardiovascular,
and excretory systems are not fully
developed. During periods of stress,
the respiratory and cardiovascular
reserves are not available, so the
child's lungs and heart must work
harder than the adult's.
Definite differences
The respiratory system has several
major differences. The respiratory rate
is faster and the air volume smaller in
a child than in an adult. The ribs are
horizontal and there is little movement
during inspiration; by the sixth month
they have descended, but do not con-
tribute to pulmonary ventilation until
the fifth year. Ventilation in the infant
and young child depends upon dia-
phragmatic action and this muscle is
restricted by the bulky abdominal
organs of the child.
Tht: tracheo-bronchial passages are
narrow and easily obstructed, and,
therefore, respiratory embarrassment
may occur quickly. This can result
26 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Children
and anesthesia
Several factors make the child more prone than the adult to anesthetic accidents.
Nurses caring for children should be aware of the important psychological and
physical differences.
Nancy Kingsley
from one of several causes: rapid
breathing that exhausts the child; a
large anatomical dead space that cau-
ses inefficient breathing; or a turbulent
flow of air in the respiratory tract
that is, in itself, obstructive in char-
acter. Minor obstructions can be
easily overlooked or discounted, lead-
ing to a drain on the child's reserves.
Clinical signs and symptoms
anxiety, dyspnea, tachycardia, and, in
the later stage, cyanosis - are indi-
cations of respiratory embarrassment.
The inability of a child to blow
his nose or clear his throat properly
may permit nasal secretions to accu-
mulate in the post-nasal regions. Dur-
ing induction of anesthesia, when
proper position and relaxation of the
palatopharyngeal region is essential,
these secretions may drip into the
nasopharynx and stimulate coughing.
Because of structural limitations,
the depth of each inhalation is re-
stricted. The tidal volume and func-
tional residual air volume are smaller
compared to lung volume.
The cardiovascular system of the
child is strong and dependable. The
normal child has a strong heart. The
blood volume is 7.5 to 8.5 percent of
Mrs. Kingsley, a third year student at the
Victoria Hospital, London, Ontario, prepared
this paper during her operating room ex-
perience. She acknowledges the help of
James A. Bain, M.D., Department of
Anesthesiology, Victoria Hospital, London.
the body weight. During the first few
months of life, there is a sharp fall
in the hemoglobin level, the lowest
point being reached at age three
months. This has significance if
surgery is anticipated at this time.
Because of the smaller volume of
circulating blood, even a seemingly
small blood loss will affect the
percentage of blood volume in a young
child.
Peripheral vascular constriction is
evident during early infancy, directing
blood flow to the central vessels, there-
by maintaining blood pressure and a
good oxygen supply to the vital organs.
However, collapse may occur with lit-
tle warning after even a small hemor-
rhage as there is no reserve.
The blood pressure of a child is
variable and difficult to measure be-
cause of the smallness of the arm and
decreased intensity of sound.
In the infant, the pulse rate varies
from 120 to 200 beats per minute in
the first year and decreases gradually
with age. The pulse rate of the anes-
thetized child varies from 80 to 180
beats per minute. In the early stages
of hypoxia, the heart rate increases
rapidly, but a slow rate may be an
indication of severe hypoxia.
The renal system matures early -
between the tenth and twentieth weeks.
The antidiuretic hormone does not
control the child's excretory system as
efficiently as it does in the adult,
however, and the ability to concentrate
and dilute urine is decreased. The
OCTOBER 1967
rate of water exchange is three times
greater than in an adult; this rapid
turnover causes the child to be more
susceptible to dehydration or over-
hydration. Also, there is greater body
surface relative to body weight, so
loss of fluid may occur more rapidly
in the child than in the adult.
The heat regulating system is not
fully matured and the lack of body
fat allows heat to be easily lost by
conductivity. It is undesirable to have
body temperature rise, since this in-
creases the oxygen requirements and
loss of fluids via the respiratory sys-
tem or skin.
Preoperative preparation
The purpose of care during the
preoperative period is to prepare the
child, both physically and emotionally,
to withstand the effects of anesthesia
and surgery.
Although the child mayor may not
express it, he probably has some fear
of surgery. A child faces fear of the
unknown and the future, fear of leav-
ing home, and fear of not knowing
on whom to call for comfort and as-
sistance.
Prevalent in the one- to three-year-
old is fear plus anxiety. Lacking the
powers of concentration and reason-
ing, he is unable to understand hos-
pitalization. Most children over three
can - and should - have the opera-
tive procedure explained to them and
be prepared for impending postopera-
tive discomfort. If adequate prepara-
tion is made, some psychic trauma is
avoided.
A child's favorite toy and visits from
parents can help to alleviate the
strangeness of the environment. A
visit by the anesthetist and surgeon in
the presence of the parents helps to
reassure the child.
When the anesthetist and nurse con-
sider pediatric anesthesia, the total
care, safety, and comfort of the child
are of concern. Careful preoperative
assessment is essential, and with the
use of laboratory tests a child's condi-
tion can be better evaluated. For in-
stance, a hemoglobin below 10 grams
per 100 milliliters would indicate a
need to postpone elective surgery. A
detailed history listing previous anes-
OCTOBER 1967
thetics, any drug allergies, or recent
therapy with drugs is essential and
may affect the choice of anesthetic.
Preoperative evaluation of the res-
piratory system is essential. All general
anesthesia is dependent on a clear sys-
tem. Nasal hygiene is particularly es-
sential in the preparation for surgery.
A significant preoperative factor is
close supervision of normal fluid and
electrolyte balance, because the safety
margin in children is small. The child
takes in and excretes more water by
weight than does the adult because the
basal heat production is twice as high
in infants as in adults and there is
a greater body surface area in propor-
tion to body weight.
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.-
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,
Since the daily turnover of water is
half of his extracellular fluid, any fluid
loss or lack of fluid intake depletes
the child's extracellular fluid supply.
The nurse's notes on intake and out-
put and the temperature record often
aid the anesthetist in determining
whether or not the child is dehydrated.
Before surgery, food and fluid by
mouth must be withheld for a given
period. Solid food and milk should be
withheld for six hours, but the practice
of withholding fluids after midnight
for late morning surgery should be
avoided. Infants may have clear fluids
by mouth up to two to three hours
before surgery and any child over
two years can drink up to four hours
II
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,
Understanding is the one essential in
pediatric a11l!sthesia. Here the author
chats with a young patient who is ready
and relaxed before his surgery.
THE CANADIAN NURSE Xl
before surgery. No child under eight
should be without clear fluids and a
glucose supplement for more than six
hours preoperatively. A supply of car-
bohydrate is essential to ensure ade-
quate storage of glycogen in the liver.
The safest and easiest way to give
fluids to children is by mouth.
Preoperative medication
Surgical preparation of the child in-
cludes the ordering of preoperative
medication. Several drugs are avail-
able to the anesthetist. The pre-opera-
tive medication should help allay fear
and apprehension, decrease respiratory
tract secretions, reduce the amount of
anesthesia needed, and decrease un-
desirable reflex activity.
The decision to use medication pre-
operatively and the choice of medi
a-
tion is based upon the preoperatIve
effect, the effect at the time of induc-
tion, and the postoperative effects.
Sedation with barbiturates relieves
apprehension and induce
relaxati<?n,
but provides no analgesIc propertIes
and may cause preoperative excite-
ment. Secobarbital is the most widely
used barbiturate, and, when it is given,
a child can be awakened easily after a
general anesthetic. This is especially
important following a tonsillectomy to
minimize aspiration of blood.
The belladonna alkaloids - atro-
pine and scopolamine-reduce salivary
and mucous secretions. Not only does
the atropine reduce secretions, but it
also has a protective action on cardiac
and bronchial reflexes because of its
action on the autonomic nervous sys-
tem.
The narcotic drugs - morphine sul-
fate and meperidine hydrochloride
(Demerol) - are used mainly as anal-
gesics, but they also decrease the
amount of anesthetic needed. These
drugs may cause nausea, vomiting, and
respiratory or circulatory depression.
Preoperative medication must be ad-
ministered at the correct time to alle-
viate apprehension before the child
leaves the ward and to ensure optimal
effect at the time of induction of anes-
thesia.
In the OR
The choice of anesthetic agent and
method of administration depend upon
the anesthetist's preoperative assess-
ment of the child, age, weight, and
operative procedure. Almost any of the
anesthetic agents and most techniques
applicable to the adult can be modified
for pediatric anesthesia, providing the
anatomical and physiological differen-
ces are kept in mind. Inhalation using
ether is still the most common pe-
diatric procedure, however.
Induction should be carried out with
28 THE CANADIAN NURSE
a mlmmum of apprehension, crying,
and struggling. If the child is asleep,
the induction can be carried out with
a mixture of nitrous oxide and oxygen
flowing over the face.
If the child is over two years of
age and cooperative, a pentothal in-
duction is excellent. The key to induc-
tion of the wakeful, apprehensive,
older child is distraction.
Endotracheal intubation is not al-
ways essential, but is indicated for ab-
dominal, thoracic, head, and neck sur-
gery. It is also essential if a clear
airway cannot be maintained with a
mask.
The four main principles of pedia-
tric endotracheal technique are: sur-
gically clean equipment, avoidance of
oversized endotracheal tubes, gentle-
ness in manipulation, and prevention
of excessive movement of the tube
after placement.
Laryngoscopes and endotracheal
tubes must be the correct size to avoid
trauma to the upper respiratory tract.
Such complications as hoarseness,
laryngeal edema, laryngospasm, and
obstruction of the tube may occur.
Therefore, intubation must be carried
out with care and only when indicated.
Before extubation a catheter may be
passed into the respiratory tract to
remove secretions. Prolonged suction
should be avoided since it may pro-
duce laryngospasm and anoxia. To
avoid laryngeal spasm, extubation
should take place either while the
child is deeply anesthetized or after
return of pharyngeal reflexes. If the
stomach is full, the child should have
complete return of pharyngeal reflexes
before extubation. Indications of laryn-
geal spasm are croupy cough and deep
sobbing inspirations. More often, ex-
tubation occurs after the patient has
coughed.
The use of muscle relaxants in pe-
diatric anesthesia is another potentially
dangerous area. They often contribute
to respiratory complications and rarely
are used unless an endotracheal tube
is already in place. Nurses should rec-
ognize that complications can occur
in the postoperative stage.
Hypothennia is fairly widely used
in pediatric anesthesia for some neuro-
surgical and cardiovascular procedures.
The physiological factors involved be-
cause of the child's poor heat regulat-
ing mechanisms make it essential that
the cooling process be carefully con-
trolled.
Local anesthetics are not often
used for major surgical procedures in
children as patient cooperation is
usually required. Constant reassurance
and supportive care is necessary. Local
anesthetics are used for surgical pro-
cedures on newborn infants.
Postoperative anesthetic
responsibilities
Careful observation during the im-
mediate postoperative phase is imper-
ative. Pulse and respiration are taken
every 15 minutes until stable. Com-
pare with preoperative rates. Respira-
tory depression is unusual and should
be checked. Air passages should be
clear; the child is usually positioned
on his abdomen to permit secretions
to drain and the tongue to fall for-
ward.
Vomiting during the recovery period
is not unusual; it generally involves
only a small amount of fluid secretions
and is not troublesome. When there
is inadequate time for preparation and
the child has a full stomach, then vom-
iting is a major problem.
The child often exhibits a flushed
face following anesthesia; tbis may be
due to the anticholinergic effects of
the atropine or scopolamine, to the
effects of ether, or to dehydration.
There is no real need for tight,
heavy bedclothes on the postoperative
bed; a light, loose blanket to prevent
chilling is sufficient. Bedside equip-
ment should include pediatric laryngos-
copes and endotracheal tubes as well
as routine blood pressure apparatus,
suction equipment, and tongue depres-
sors.
Bibliography
Adriani, John. Anesthesia for infants and
children. Amer. J. Nurs. August 1964,
p. 107-110.
Dripps, Robert D., Eckenoff, James E., and
Vandam, LeRoy D. Introduction to
Anesthesia. 2d ed. Philadelphia, W.B.
Saunders Company, 1961.
Goulding, Erna J. and Koop, C. Everett.
The Newborn - his response to surgery.
Amer. J. Nurs., October 1965, p.84-87.
Laycock, John D. Introduction to Anesthe-
tics. London, Lloyd-Luke, 1961.
Marlow, Dorothy R. and Sellew, Gladys.
Textbook of Pediatric Nursing, 2d ed.
Philadelphia. W.B. Saunders Company,
1965.
Mosely, Fred H. Textbook of Surgery, 3d
ed. St. Louis, C.V. Mosby Company,
1959.
Nelson, Waldo E. Textbook of Pediatrics.
8th ed. Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders
Company, 1964.
Shannon, D.W. Pediatric Anesthesia I -
factors affecting safety of the child.
Nurs. Times, March 13, 1964, p.332-334.
Shannon, D.W. Pediatric Anesthesia II -
factors affecting the safety of child.
Nurs. Times, March 20, 1964, p. 366-368.
o
OCTOBER 1967
Since ancient times, family planning methods have mingled all kinds of
superstition with techniques that were amazingly effective, considering they were
based on fragmentary knowledge of the human reproductive system.
Contraceptive
.
practices
past and present
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Throu1 h the ages, man has sought
to c ntre I human fertility. Although
many 0 his methods have changed,
his basic reasons for striving to find
an ef"_ctive method are the same to-
day dS they were some five thousand
ye
ls ago: to limit the size of his
.amily, and to prevent the over-pop-
ulation of the community in which he
lives.
This article outlines some of the
practices used by past generations to
control fertility and examines more
recent developments in contraceptive
methods.
A lack of knowledge
Prior to the middle of the nine-
teenth century, the nature of concep-
OCTOBER 1967
tion was a mystery. Spermatozoa in
human seminal fluid had been ob-
served by Anthony Van Leeuwen-
hoek, the Dutch microscopist, in 1677;
a year later, their movement and ap-
pearance were described by Christian
Huygens. However, the manner in
which conception took place was not
understood until 1843, when T. Barry
observed the cellular origin of the
union of sperm and ovum.
Mrs. Milton. a graduate of the Atkinson
School of Nursing, Toronto Western Hos-
pital, has a diploma in neurological and
neurosurgical nursing from the Montreal
Neurological Institute and Hospital. She is
presently working toward the bachelor of
arts degree at Sir George Williams Univer-
sity in Montreal, Quebec.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 29
Without this knowledge, many
contraceptive practices employed in
the past were based on superstition
and erroneous beliefs. For example,
one such belief, held by the Chinese
around 1100 B.C., was that a woman
would not conceive if she remained
passive during sexual intercourse, and
thought of unrelated matters; another
was -that excessive motion of both
partners would prevent conception.
Still another belief that attained pop-
ularity in Egypt and in certain parts
of Europe was that the swallowing of
a castor bean by a woman would
prevent conception for a year.
The rhythm method
The search for a "safe" period
during the menstrual cycle has been
a lengthy one. The Abelians, in the
early days of Christianity, had sex-
ual intercourse only on those days
that coincided with menstruation. The
Masai men, on the other hand, be-
lieved that their wives were fertile
when a certain tree was in bloom, and
avoided them at that time.
Hippocrates believed that the "safe"
time was prior to the menses, since
he assumed that the menstrual period
coincided with the period of ovulation.
Other authorities concluded that the
safest period was during the middle
of the cycle, which, of course, is the
most fertile time.
Many false leads were followed un-
til 1930, at which time D. Ogino in
Japan and B. Knnaus in Austria dis-
covered that ovulation occurs 12 to 16
days before the onset of menstruation.
Their finding is the basis of the
modern rhythm method of birth con-
trol. Sexual intercourse is avoided
hen the woman is likely to be ovulat-
mg.
One of the major difficulties with
the rhythm method is that ovulation
in many women is not really rhythmic.
It is influenced by such factors as
tension or simple fatigue. In India,
for example, the drive of Nehru's
government to control the birth rate
through use of the rhythm method
failed, since the peasant women, be-
cause of their exhausting chores and
lack of nourishing food, usually had
irregular menstrual cycles.
Coitus interruptus, reservatus
and saxonicus
Coitus interruptus - the withdraw-
al of the stimulated penis from the
vagina before ejaculation - is one
of the oldest contraceptive techniques.
Reference is made to it in the Old
Testament when On an supposedly
spilled his seed on the ground, being
unwilling to have a child by his
brother's widow.
30 THE CANADIAN NURSE
The use of coitus interruptus has
declined somewhat in recent years.
probably because of the development
of more effective means of contracep-
tion. Also, this technique has been
criticized for causing nervous tension
in both partners.
Coitlls reservatus, a contraceptive
method that never achieved popularity,
was practiced by members of the
Oneida community, a religious society
established in New York State in
1847. Coitus is completely controlled
so that even after prolonged union,
ejaculation does not take place. The
climax is intentionally avoided, the
erect penis being allowed to subside
naturally before it is withdrawn from
the vagina.
Coitus saxonicus is described by
Sanskrit writers as a procedure where-
by pressure was applied to the base
of the penis as ejaculation started.
This resulted in the regurgitation of
the semen into the male bladder, to
be excreted later during urination.
Surgical methods
Various forms of surgical steriliz-
ation have been used throughout the
centuries. Castration probably is one
of the oldest methods. As early as
1100 B.C., Chinese palace attendants
were castrated, either as a punitive
measure or to discourage them from
having sexual relations with the I m-
perial concubines. The Romans further
incapacitated their slaves by attaching
a ring or clasp to the penis, thus pre-
venting sexual intercourse entirely.
Male sterilization in modern times
consists of a surgical procedure to
interrupt the continuity of the vas
deferens - a simple, reliable tech-
nique that does not alter normal sex-
ual drive or potency. If impotency
follows this procedure, as occasionally
rep
rted, it is always psychologic in
ongm.
The female of early times endured
surgery and mutiliation, as well as the
feminine form of infibulation - the
chastity belt. Oophorectomies were
well known to the ancient Egyptians
as a method of preventing conception,
and the spaying of women in Central
Australia was described as late as
1893.
The present surgical route to femin-
ine sterility consists of the tying of the
Fallopian tubes. In Canada, this usual-
ly is recommended only for women
with serious physical and/or mental
disabilities, for whom a pregnancy
would be unwise.
Condom
The condom's history dates back to
ancient times, when it was used mainly
to prevent infectious disease. It is
known that early Egyptian males used
a sheath made out of animal mem-
branes, such as the cecum of a lamb
or sheep, for this purpose. The
Chinese used sheaths of oiled silk
paper. As recently as 30 years ago,
women in Dutch Guiana used seed
pods with one end snipped off as a
vaginal condom.
The word "condom" was in com-
mon usage by 1717, and may have
originated from a Dr. Condom who is
purported to have made one for King
Charles the Second. By this time con-
doms were serving a dual purpose:
protection against disease and preven-
tion of pregnancy. They were being
manufactured from the dried gut of
sheep by the end of the eighteenth
century .
The vulcanization of rubber in 1843,
along with legal regulations for rigid
quality testing, has made the modern
condom a relatively secure and esthe-
tic form of contraception.
Measures to occlude cervix
Various devices to occlude the cer-
vix have long been used as measures
of contraception, often in combina-
tion with a spermicidal agent - or
what was believed to be a spermicidal
agent.
Plugging of the upper vagina with
sponges or other mechanical bar-
riers was known as a contraceptive
measure as early as 1500 B.c. Wo-
men in both ancient India and Asia
used small balls or wads of feathers
as occlusive agents, inserting them
shortly before sexual intercourse. The
ancient Talmudists used sponges,
grown in the local waters, as blocking
and absorbing agents. During the
eighteenth century, French upper- and
middle-class women added alum as an
astringent and spermicide to their
vaginal sponges.
Fine-grained rubber or plastic
sponges have been substituted for the
natural sea sponges in recent years.
For added safety, the sponge usually
is smeared with a contraceptive jelly
or cream before insertion.
An ancient Egyptian type of pes-
sary, made of crocodile dung and
honey, appeared in various guises for
almost 3,000 years. These pessaries
sealed the entrance to the uterus if in-
serted properly.
Writings from Mesopotamia around
527 A.D. reveal that a cup-shaped
barrier fashioned from a pomegranate
was used to fit over the cervix. The
ancient Chinese and Japanese, on the
other hand, discovered that small,
oiled discs of silky paper placed
against the cervix were effective con-
traceptive measures.
In 1880, a London chemist named
OCTOBER 1967
Rendell evolved and distributed a pes-
sary that contained quinine. This
achieved immediate popularity in Eng-
land. By the turn of the century, Ren-
dell's pessaries were being distributed
and sold throughout the world. Today,
the Rendell firm continues to manu-
facture pessaries, but has replaced the
quinine with other substances.
A few years after Rendell's success,
a German doctor, Wilhelm Mensinga,
popularized the vaginal diaphragm -
a rubber cup that closes off the upper
portion of the vagina including the
cervix. To ensure safety, a spermicidal
cream was added before sexual rela-
tions.
The vaginal diaphragm attained
popularity in North America around
1920. It is still one of the commonly
used methods of contraception.
Douching and fumigation
Primitive people also used various
douching solutions to prevent concep-
tion. The early Egyptians used douch-
ing along with fumigation as a con-
traceptive measure. The woman sat
astride a burner to receive spermicidal
fumes before coitus, and douched
afterward. Fumigation prior to coitus
was practiced for two thousand years
as a spermicide before eventually be-
ing replaced by spermicidal vaginal
tablets, suppositories, creams and jel-
lies.
Today, the douche as a contracep-
tive measure is almost obsolete. It is
used after coitus mainly as a hygienic
measure.
Intrauterine contraception
The principle of intrauterine con-
traception is not new. For several
centuries Arabian and Turkish camel
drivers have prevented pregnancy in
their animals by inserting a small stone
into the uterine cavity.*
The modern pioneer in this method
of contraception was Dr. Graefenberg
of Germany, who inserted silkworm
and silver rings into the uterine cav-
ities of his patients around 1920. The
device proved effective, but was not
enthusiastically received at that time.
Several types of intrauterine con-
traceptive devices are now available.
The Margulies coil, the Lippes loop,
and the Birnberg Bow are all made
from polyethylene and contain barium
sulfate to make them radiopaque.
Each is available in various sizes. The
Hall-Stone ring is made from coiled,
stainless steel wire, while the Zipper
ring, another type, is made from nylon
* F.R. Doerffer, "Intrauterine Contracep-
tion." Counselling in Family Planning, Tor-
onto. Ortho Pharmaceutical Co.. 1966.
OCTOBER 1967
thread. Each device has its own in-
serter; when tailless devices are used,
an extractor is needed.
The Lippes loop owes its popularity
to its easy insertion and removal, and,
more importantly, to the nylon threads
that hang outside the cervix to allow
the woman to be certain the device is
in place. One Canadian gynecologist,
Dr. c.A. Douglas Ringrose, reports
that many women are changing from
contraceptive pills to the Lippes loop.
He claims that the protection afforded
by each method is about equal, and
that side effects experienced when the
loop is used are fewer and of a minor
nature. His study included 800 women
who were using the Lippes loop.
The pill
For centuries, mankind has dreamed
of an oral contraceptive and has
searched the world over, examining
the properties of plants, potions, and
metals. The vogue in China in 2736
B.c. was for the woman to swallow
quicksilver. The ingestion of lead in the
Middle Ages caused lead poisoning,
while castor beans were swallowed in
Europe and the Middle East.
rhe structure ot the temale sex hor-
mone, progesterone, was first deter-
mined by German and American in-
vestigators in 1934. By 1937, A.W.
Makepeace and his co-workers had
demonstrated that the pure hormone
suppressed ovulation in rabbits. Study
of this hormone was not pursued again
until 1951, because it was believed
that the hormone was inactive if ad-
ministered orally. In 1951, Drs. Pin-
cus and Chang reconfirmed the finding
that rabbits, when given progesterone,
do not ovulate. Since a female who
does not ovulate cannot conceive, con-
traceptive possibilities were seen for
the hormone. Dr. John Rock, in the
United States, joined the experimen-
ters. He administered progestin (syn-
thetic progesterone) in daily doses for
20 successive days of each menstrual
cycle to a sample of women. One hun-
dred percent postponement of ovula-
tion resulted.
A final study in Puerto Rico con-
firmed the former findings, and the
United States Food and Drug Adminis-
tration approved the marketing, for
contraceptive purposes, of the first ster-
oid, Enovid, in May, 1960, and the
second, Ortho-Novum, in February,
1962.
Another type of oral contraceptive
therapy is available today. This treat-
ment consists of one estrogenic pill
taken daily for 14 days, followed by
the progestational agent daily for 6
days. This regime is said to mimic the
normal female cycle almost perfectly.
The future promises even better
things: contraception achieved by one
pill or one injection per month.
Conclusion
Contraceptive measures have been
with us since the beginning of time. It
is only recently, however, that real ad-
vances have been made in their appli-
cation and effectiveness. With further
research, it is likely that we will see
even greater progress in the next de-
cade.
Bibliography
Beck. R.P. Synthetic progestational com-
pounds. Can ad. Nurs. 61: 953 - 955, Dec.
1965.
Eichner. Eduard. Progestins. A.J.N. 65: 78-
81. Sept. 1965.
Finch, B.E., and Green, H. Contraception
Through the Ages. London, Peter Owen,
1963.
Fortier, L. The role of hormones in gyne-
cology. Canad. Nurs. 61: 815-817, Oct.
1965.
Fryer, P. The Birth Controllers. London,
Seeker and Warburg, 1965.
Himes, N.E. Medical History of Contra-
ception. New York, Gamut Press, Inc.,
1963.
Rock, John. The Time Has Come. New
York, Alfred A. Knopf, 1963.
Schleisner. K.M. A study of intrauterine
contraceptive devices. A.J.N. 66:2469:
2470, Nov. 1966.
Solloway, A. Birth Control and Catholic
Doctrine, Boston. Beacon Press. 1941. 0
THE CANADIAN NURSE 31
By 1960, sufficient transplantations
had been performed between identical
twins to establish that this procedure
should be successful in every instance.
From 1959 to 1963, allografts (grafts
between two individuals of the same
species) of human kidneys were re-
ported with increasing frequency in
the lay press, and, with less melo-
drama but still often prematurely, in
the medical literature - the limited
success still being regarded with awe
or disdain by either type of reader,
depending on his disposition.
Since 1963, larger series of such
allografts have been studied at six
to ten main centers on this continent
and in Europe. Results have been suf-
ficiently impressive that the popular
press, no longer able to amaze us with
the "miraculous" nature of early res-
ults, now tantalize us with the pathos
of the "brief reprieve." Even this
perspective is changing. The figures
for "percentage surviving with good
kidney function" at one year is 65
percent for kidneys from live blood
relatives and 40 percent at one year
for randomly matched cadaver kid-
neys.
The basic problem is immunolog-
ical. Foreign proteins (antigens) from
the graft may be released into the
host whose reticuloendothelial and
lymphatic systems recognize the pro-
tein as foreign and mount an im-
mune response. The cellular proteins
responsible for this stimulation are
termed "histocompatibility antigens."
32 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Present status of
renal transplantation
Results of kidney transplants have been sufficiently impressive that the popular
press, no longer able to amaze us with the "miraculous" nature of early results,
now tantalize us with the pathos of the "brief reprieve." Even this perspective is
rapidly changing.
I.B. Dossetor, M.D., Ph.D., F.R.C.P. (c)
These antigens are present in all cells
of the body except unnucleated red
blood cells. They are specific for each
individual. The ability to type human
histocomptability antigens is the most
pressing single need in human allo-
graft research today.
The immune reflex
The immune response is a reflex
with afferent, central, and efferent
portions. A schematic representation
of the arc is seen in Figure 1. The
simplicity of this concept should not
be allowed to obscure the ignorance
that still exists concerning it. It is
not known how, or in what form,
histocompatibility antigens of a renal
transplant (or allograft) are received
throughout the reticulo-Iymphatic sys-
tem of spleen and lymph nodes. It is
clearly established, however, that large
lymphocytes develop in lymphoid or-
gans after an organ allograft and that
lymphocytes invade the organ during
rejection.
There are two ways of interfering
with this immunological reflex. The
first and most desirable method has
not been produced intentionally in
man to date. By this method, specific
inhibition of response is induced only
to antigens of the graft, leaving other
Dr. Dossetor is Director of Renal and
Urological Research and Assistant Physician
in the Department of Medicine at Royal
Victori.;} Hospital. Montreal, and Assistant
Professor of Medicine and Experimental
Surgery at McGill University, Monreal.
responsiveness intact. This amounts to
inducing specific "tolerance." The
second method, which is the one used
clinically, produces generalized inhi-
bition of response to all antigens
through the use of agents that produce
total immune repression. Such agents
in use today include azathioprine
(Imuran), Actinomycin, prednisone,
cyclophosphamide, and, more recently,
antilymphocyte serum.
Human renal allografts
The present phase of human renal
transplantations began when Schwartz
and Dameshek found that immune
responses were inhibited by 6-mercap-
topurine. Soon afterward, CaIne and
Murray showed that renal allograft
survival could be prolonged in the
dog; later, the team at Peter Bent
Brigham Hospital completed similar
experiments for man.
Early reports indicated that success
was likely only in live blood-related
kidney transplants. Later, it was dem-
onstrated that comparable success
may occur when special care is taken
to obtain functioning kidneys from
suitable cadaver donors. When acute
renal failure occurs in this latter case,
hemodialysis can be used to main-
tain the recipient until diuresis occurs,
days or weeks later.
Ethical considerations
Experience at the Royal Victoria
Hospital has been with cadaver kidney
transplants. The decision to limit trans-
plants to cadaver kidneys is based
OCTOBER 1967
on the serious ethical considerations
involved in removing a normal kidney
from a healthy person. We still have
to face the medicolegal question of
the definition of the moment of death.
It is curious that there is only one
definition, in law, and that is "when
a duly qualified doctor says a patient
is dead." More scientific criteria, based
on electroencephalograms and other
objective measurements, are needed
urgently to avoid even a minute of
avoidable delay as well as a minute
of premature action.
Short notice
Many donors have been vIctIms of
traffic accidents and are unconscious.
Permission to remove the kidneys is
obtained from the next of kin and
the coroner before any preparations
are made. The surgical teams must
be prepared to begin work at any
time, and operating room facilities
must be available on short notice for
three operations - removal of two
kidneys from a recently deceased
donor and transplantation of a kidney
into two recipients.
The recipients are called on short
notice from wherever they have been
staying during their twice-weekly he-
modialysis program. Usually they have
had both their diseased kidneys re-
moved some months earlier; if not,
these are removed at the same time as
implantation. As a tribute to the
innate sense of human brotherhood,
it should be recorded that permission
to use kidneys of a close relative,
after the latter's death, has been re-
fused only twice in over 40 occasions.
When a live donor is used, a very
careful assessment is needed: normal
renal function must be determined,
an aortogram must be taken to rule
out the presence of abnormal vessels,
and a thorough psychological exam-
ination must be given. Not all moti-
vation to donate is acceptable, par-
ticularly if based on a desire to expiate
guilt, or when pressure has been
exerted by others. Women in the child-
bearing period also are excluded.
After transplantation
The regimen of drugs used in dif-
ferent centers includes azathioprine
(Imuran), Actinomycin, and corticos-
OCTOBER 1967
teroid. Changes in drug dosage are
frequent in the first three months;
after this time, the dose of azathio-
prine is maintained as high as possi-
ble to avoid toxicity, whereas corti-
costeroids are reduced gradually and
even discontinued, when possible. Ad-
ditional measures, such as thymec-
tomy, splenectomy, irradiation of the
transplanted kidney, irradiation of peri-
pheral blood, or irradiation of thoracic
duct lymph, are used as adjunctive
therapy by most centers.
Various parameters of renal function
and evidences of rejection are mea-
sured daily. Changes in these functions
are contrasted with evidence of drug
toxicity and complications of the
Cushiongoid state. Careful medical
supervision is necessary to control hy-
pertension, urinary infection, and
urinary obstruction or leakage. Viral,
bacterial and fungal infections óccur
readily in oropharynx, lungs and else-
where.
Rejection of the transplant is de-
tected by changes in the size and
consistency of the allograft, fever,
development of acidosis, oliguria, as
well as by decreasing renal function
and return of azotemia. Episodes of
rejection are treated with local x-irra-
diation to the graft and increased
doses of corticosteroid.
Most rejections can be completely
reversed if treated promptly and vig-
orously. Some will be completely ir-
SOME FACTORS IN HOMOTRANSPLANT REJECTION
HOST
@)
lt.:-
BDDlæ )
W
1) GENETIC IDENTITY
2) INDUCED "TDLERANCE"
4) PARTIAL SUPPRESSION DF R.E. SYSTEM
(X-RAYS. CHEMDTHERAPY, UREMIA ETC.)
Figure 1
THE CANADIAN NURSE 33
reversible, in which case the kidney
must be removed. The patient then
goes back on hemodialysis and can
be given a second transplant later.
Present perspectives
The fundamental justification of the
present management of human renal
allografts rests in the fact that the
activity of rejection decreases after
the first three months, allowing a
gradual but marked reduction of drug
dosage, without deterioration of renal
function. This, in turn, means that
undesirable immune supression to
other antigens can be removed and
immunological protection against viral
and bacterial assaults restored.
It is not known why nor how this
ease of control comes about. It is
possible that some degree of selective
and specific tolerance to the foreign
proteins may have been achieved. In
animals, tolerance to protein may be
brought about by the use of intra-
venous antigen injections, together
with 6-mercaptopurine injection.
One year later
How does a patient, alive with ade-
quate renal functiol1 one year after
transplantation, actually feel? What
limitations must he endure? These
questions are important to those res-
ponsible for terminal uremic patients.
At one year, the patient is on
free diet, feels well, has full energy,
and is back at full employment. He
may still require medication for hyper-
tension and will be taking 50 to
100 mg. of Imuran and probably 12
to 20 mg. of Medrol every second
day. He must visit the follow-up
clinic at two- to six-week intervals.
He has a one-in-four chance of having
one of the following delayed compli-
cations: low grade hepatitis (S.G.O.T.
elevation without jaundice), or pain
in hips and a limp (aseptic necrosis
of head of femur). This is the clinical
state of 66 percent of live donor
transplants and 40 percent of cadaver
transplants.
A patient who has survived one
year has an 80 percent chance of
being well at the end of the second
year. Beyond that point prognosis is
unknown, but generally is good in those
who have reached the two-year mark.
Five-year survival figures, which
would be the most valuable index of
treatment, are not yet available.
,....
..
,
A.
-
\
.
,
A nine-year-old patient tells Santa
Claus (an RY.H. doctor) what he'd
like for Christmas. This boy had a
/..idney transplant last August.
34 THE CANADIAN NURSE
1
.;
"
The future
Future trends in renal transplan-
tation will depend on the speed with
which researchers meet several pres-
sing needs. These needs are listed in
the order in which success might be
anticipated:
I. A rapid method of tissue typing.
2. Adequate ways of storing viable
kidney tissue for implantation 24 to
72 hours later.
3. Development of safer and more
effective immunosuppressive regimens,
e.g., antilymphocyte serum.
4. Potent ways of altering specific
immune response through the use of
massive doses of antigens of crude
type or specific subcellular fraction;
through induction of tolerance by
RNA-like manipulations; or by re-
peated small doses of specific antigen.
5. Greater understanding of xeno-
geneic renal grafts, especially fróm
other primates.
Only when real progress has been
made in several of the first four points
mentioned above will survival figures
for renal transplantation equal those
achieved by the more costly and life-
restricting hemodialysis. 0
#
-
10-'
.
.
\
I
..t..
,
I
,
)0-
,-
The author (extreme right) and Mrs.
Wagner (extreme left), secretary of the
renal transplant program, pose with
patients at a hospital party.
OCTOBER 1967
The renal tral1splant program at the
Royal Victoria Hospital was instituted
by Dr. John Dossetor in 1961. Under
this program, persons who meet cer-
tain criteria are accepted for short-
term dialysis and renal transplant.
General health - aside from the
renal disease itself - and age are
the most important criteria of admis-
sion to this program. Only persons
who are under 45 years and in fairly
good health are accepted. Patients
with a history of cardiac disease,
severe hypertension that is non-renal
in origin, or other systemic disease,
are poor operative risks and, there-
fore, are not considered for this type
of therapy.
The prospective patient must under-
go a complete psychiatric, as well
as physical, examination. Once accept-
ed on the program he will be under
an almost overpowering emotional
stress. He has to face the initial ac-
ceptance of the prospect of death;
the shift to the hope offered by renal
transplant; and a long period of un-
certainty about the outcome. *
Disadvantages of dialysis program
Hemodialysis programs are of two
types: chronic dialysis, which is used
to keep the patient in good health up
to 10 years; and short-term dialysis,
which is used until the patient can
* Dorothy J. Shebelski, "Nursing patients
who have renal homotransplants," Amer.
J. Nurs. vol. 66, Nov., 1966, pp. 2425-28.
OCTOBER 1%7
Nursing care in
renal transplantation
The patient who is treated as a team member, rather than as a passive therapeutic
challenge, usually will be able to face the many difficulties that he'll encounter
in the renal transplant program.
Janet MacDonald
receive a transplant. At present, the
chance of living a prolonged life is
less following a renal transplant than
it is on a chronic dialysis program.
Why not put all persons with renal
failure on a chronic dialysis program?
There are several reasons. First, it
simply is not feasible, because of
cost, amount of equipment, and num-
ber of trained staff that would be re-
quired. The dialyzing centers in Mon-
treal, for instance, already are over-
loaded. Moreover, dialyzing centers in
Canada are scarce and widely separat-
ed. One cannot ignore persons who
require treatment just because they
are not fortunate enough to live near
a dialyzing center.
Second, in any dialyzing program,
the patient is dependent on a machine
for his life. This dependence is demor-
alizing, particularly if no hope of
"escape" is offered. Third, if a per-
son is to do well on a chronic dial-
yzing program, he must comply wÎth
the regime at all times. This means
that he follows the salt-free diet, limits
his fluid intake, takes his medica-
tions faithfully, and protects his shunt
and checks it regularly. Some patients
cannot be depended upon to continue
this restrictive way of life indefinitely.
The solution for patients who can-
not, for any of these reasons, undergo
chronic dialysis, is a program of short-
term dialysis and renal transplant.
Miss MacDonald is Head Nurse on a
medical unit at the Royal Victoria Hos-
pital, Montreal, Quebec
This is the program in use at the
Royal Victoria Hospital.
Treated as member of team
The nurse helps to create a com-
fortable and congenial atmosphere. As
she admits the patient to the ward,
she will make a deep impression on
him; whether or not this impression
is a favorable one, depends on her
management of the admission pro-
cedure.
The nurse must understand the fear
that her patient experiences on en-
tering hospital, his concern over his
illness, and his sense of loss and
bewilderment at being separated from
his family and surrounded by strang-
ers. The way in which his needs are
evaluated, analyzed, and met by the
nurse caring for him will affect his
future relationships with staff signif-
icantly. The patient who is helped
to feel at home on the ward and is
treated as a member of the team
rather than as a passive therapeutic
challenge, will be more cooperative
and, therefore, more easily treated.
Initially, of course, the primary ob-
jective is to stabilize his condition and
to prevent complications. As soon as
possible an intensive investigation is
begun to determine the exact nature
and extent of his renal incapacity.
Numerous tests, intravenous pyelo-
gram, renogram and scan rennin
essays, urinary electrolytes and pro-
tein excretion, and renal biopsy are
part of this intensive investigation.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 35
The nurse's role in this phase of the
patient's hospitalization is extremely
demanding. She must be familiar with
all diagnostic procedures so that she
can prepare the patient both physical-
ly and emotionally for them. She
knows how to collect specimens prop-
erly and makes certain that the pa-
tient understands the method of col-
lection and the importance of the test.
During this period of investigation,
the patient requires the nurse's full
support and close attention. He re-
mains on a rigid, unappetizing regime
of fluid and food restriction (often he
is allowed almost no free fluid and a
maximum of 600 cc. of food fluid). **
The nurse teaches the patient the im-
portance of this restriction and ex-
plains the exact amount and type of
free fluid that is permitted. Because
his diet must be low in sodium and
potassium, he is allowed only small
amounts of water and ginger ale as
free fluid. Careful and accurate in-
take and output records are required.
The renal patient suffers constantly
from thirst; understandably, he is par-
ticularly susceptible to temptation.
Imagine how overpowering the desire
to drink a little extra water must be!
The diet of the uremic patient con-
sists of 40 millequivalents of sodium,
40 millequivalents of potassium, and
40 grams of protein. Salt-free bread
and butter are used, but because the
patient is anoretic and eats poorly,
he is occasionallyallowed such "del-
icacies" as ham or bacon. On such
occasions his daily menu must be ad-
justed according1y.
Some patients become much more
cooperative if they are encouraged to
become members of the team. This
approach often helps them to stay
within their intake allowance. Other
patients, who may be less intelligent
or less stable, need constant and close
supervision, regardless of the staff's
approa,
h. Because these patients are
cunning and develop considerable re-
sourcefulness, they often manage to
exceed their fluid allowances by a
* * "Free fluid" is the term used to denote
fluid thot is given to the patient by the
ward staff. "Food fluid" is anything that
the dietitian gives in accordance with the
dietary regime ordered by the doctor.
36 THE CANADIAN NURSE
considerable amount. The nurse must
be familiar with the signs of ovèr-
hydration (weight gain and edema,
particularly of the feet, ankles, eye
orbits, and face), and be on the alert
for them. She also must be on the
alert for signs of dehydration, which
occasionally follow hemodialysis.
These signs include a dry, loose skin;
parched 1ips and tongue; and ex-
cessive thirst.
Since many patients with renal dis-
ease have hypertension, frequent and
accurate monitoring of blood pressure
is necessary. Antihypertensives are
administered as a regular dosage, and
frequently as a p.r.n. medication for
"spikes" of blood pressure. The nurse
is familiar with the action of these
drugs, and is on the alert for any side
effects. Any marked variance in blood
pressure is checked and reported.
Once the diagnostic tests have been
completed and evaluated, the medical
staff consider the possibility of renal
transplant. At 1east part of this dis-
cussion is held with the patient pres-
ent as an involved member of the
team. The nursing staff, who spend
more time than the medical staff with
the patient, give some indication of
the degree of cooperation that can
be expected from him and contrib-
ute information about his basic per-
sonality and needs. If the patient meets
the necessary criteria, he is accepted
into the program; the staff begin im-
mediately to prepare him for it.
No questions evaded
The exact nature and extent of
the patient's disease is carefully ex-
plained to him and his. family. He
is told in frank terms that his disease
Connector
ARTERIO - VENOUS SHUNT
- To Artery
- To Vein
External Silastic Tubing
ARTERIO - VENOUS FISTULA
-------,
-- Arteryt-- --, II
I I
Vein+ I_I
----.=--
---.=----
-- Blood Flow
[------
Li gated ArteryT --
OCTOBER 1967
is irreversible and eventually will prove
fatal. Finally, he is given an honest
and complete explanation of the renal
transplant program. He learns that
it requires his full cooperation; that it
necessitates regular hemodialysis; that
he eventually will receive a transplant
- from a cadaver - and that there
is a great deal of uncertainty about
the final success of the renal trans-
plant. No facts or statistics, whether
encouraging or discouraging, are
withheld; no questions are evaded.
Now the patient must decide
whether to embark upon this long and
difficult program. It is, understandably,
an extremely difficult decision to
make. The nurse can do more for
the patient now, perhaps, than at any
other time during his hospitalization.
She can answer some of his questions
(and this requires much patience on
\
her part, since he may, because of
his anxiety, ask many of the same
questions over and over again); other
questions must be referred to his doc-
tors. He wiIJ benefit noticeably from
a nurse-patient relationship based on
understanding and encouragement.
Pre-transplant phase
If the patient decides to enter the
program, he signs a special consent
form which states that he fully under-
stands the extent of his disease and
the requirements of the program, and
that he agrees to follow these require-
ments.
The initial step on the pre-trans-
plant phase of the program is the in-
sertion of the arteriolar-venous (A V)
shunt or, more recently, the creation
of an A V fistula, for hemodialysis.
An A V shunt is simply a V-shaped
\
.
\
'\ .....
\ \
\
... '.
\' ,.
... \ ..
--.. <<
\ ,,-
, ....
\
----...--
...
-<"
,.
synthetic plastic tube - one end of
which is inserted into the vein. and
the other into an artery. The loop of
the V is exposed on the skin surface
and is a plum color because of the
arterial blood flowing through it. An
A V fistula is an end-to-side anasta-
mosis between an artery and a vein.
It is completely enclosed beneath the
skin.
This shunt, or fistula, brings forth
yet another concern for the nurse. She
must be aware of its function and
purpose and the complications made
possible by its very existence. The
shunt must be checked frequently and
carefully for patency (it is patent if
a bruit is audible when a stethoscope
is placed over the skin above it);
for bleeding; and for signs of infec-
tion. The A V fistula, a recent inno-
vation, is far superior to the shunt
-
Ten-year old girl being fed while having hemodialysis. She awaits a kidney transplant.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 37
OCTOBER 1967
since it tends to reduce the possibility
of complications such as hemorrhage,
infection, and clotting.
The next step on the program is
that of hemodialysis. This step is
frightening to the patient, primarily
because he has a vague and usually
rather distorted view of the treatment
and what it involves. The staff nurses
on the ward, who have establisned
rapport with him, can help to revise
his concept of the procedure by ex-
plaining it thoroughly. However, the
staff in the dialysis unit are best equip-
ped to allay most of his fear. A visit to
the dialysis unit and an opportunity
to meet its nursing staff prior to the
initial treatment will benefit the pa-
tient considerably.
The immediate post-dialysis phase
is another exacting time for the nurse.
Vital signs are taken frequently and
the shunt is checked regularly for
signs of bleeding and for patency.
It is not unusual for patients to de-
velop post-dialysis fever with tem-
peratures ranging up to 105 oF. These
fevers are treated conservatively and
usually subside within a l2-hour per-
iod. So far, no definite cause for
their development has been establish-
ed.
Occasionally, seizures occur as
another post-dialysis complication.
These are treated with anticonvulsant
drugs and are documented accurately.
The routine of hemodialysis, done
on a regular basis usually twice week-
ly, continues for some time, along
with the control of hypertension, res-
triction of diet, and careful observa-
tion for signs of complications. As
soon as the patient's condition has
been stabilized and he has adjusted
as completely as possible to the rou-
tines, he is scheduled for bilateral ne-
phrectomy. Both kidneys are removed
before renal transplant surgery to
avoid the risk of spreading any infec-
tion throughout the urinary tract. In
addition, the surgeons dislike perform-
ing a nephrectomy at the time of
transplant surgery, since time is pre-
cious. For the transplanted kidney to
function and to remain viable, it must
be removed from the donor site and
revascularized in the recipient site in
as short a time as possible.
The postoperative period is another
demanding one for patient and nurse.
38 THE CANADIAN NURSE
In addition to the usual postoperative
discomfort and emotional distress, the
patient must accept the irrevocable
fact that he is completely dependent
on the dialysis routine. As of now,
he becomes more involved with his
disease. At present, we are unable to
offer any organized or extensive oc-
cupational therapy to the patient. He
feels relatively comfortable most of
the time, is up and around the ward,
and requires some diversion. In our
situation, it is the nurse's responsibility
to offer these diversions. She first
evaluates her patient's interests, con-
siders his age and his physical ability,
and then provides the appropriate di-
versions for him.
Following the patient's postoperative
recovery, plans are made to discharge
him (providing his condition is stable
on the dialyzing regime), to await
transplant surgery. At present, the
waiting period is approximately six
months.
If the patient's home environment
will allow him to maintain the strict
self-discipline that is essential to his
survival, he is sent home; otherwise
he is discharged to a convalescent
hospital. All patients return as outpa-
tients twice each week for hemodi-
alysis.
Surgical phase
The patient receives little advance
notice before transplant surgery. When
the death of a kidney donor becomes
imminent, preparations begin at once
to prepare the recipient for surgery.
Ideally, the patient should be in-
troduced to the staff of the surgical
unit before his discharge from the
medical unit. This would eliminate
much of the psychological trauma he
feels at the time of his surgical ad-
mission. Unfortunately, this plan is
not feasible, since he is admitted as
an emergency patient to anyone of
several surgical wards. He has no op-
portunity to become familiar with his
new surroundings, to establish rapport
with the staff, or to adjust to toe
idea of surgery and the renewed hope
it will offer him.
The patient naturally hopes that
renal transplant surgery will cure him,
but it is also natural that he is
anxious about undergoing major sur-
gery. In addition, transplant surgery
is still a new field and the doctors,
although optimistic, maintain a cau-
tious outlook concerning long-range
prognosis. The patient finds his hope
tinged will some degree of uneasiness.
The staff can, by their actions, help
to reduce the sense of panic that he
feels as he observes the frenetic ac-
tivity that centers around him.
The preparation for surgery is the
same as that for any abdominal sur-
gery: the skin is surgically prepared
from axilla to mid-thigh; blood is
cross-matched and re-typed; and the
patient is transported immediately to
the operating room.
In two adjacent and connecting op-
erating theatres, two teams of sur-
geons begin their surgical procedures
simultaneously. In one theatre, the
donor kidney is removed from its site;
in the other, the surgeons open the
recipient's abdomen and prepare it
to receive the transplant. As soon as
the donor kidney has been removed
it is perfused with cool saline solu-
tion and is carried to the second
theatre, where it is inserted into the
recipient's anterior iliac fossa. The sur-
geons begin to revascularize it at once.
The total time lapse between the re-
moval of the transplant from the
donor site and its revascularization in
the recipient site is approximately 45
minutes. The abdomen is closed as
soon as revascularization has been
completed.
Postoperative phase
The patient is sent from the op-
erating room to the intensive care
unit. Protective isolation is instituted
to reduce the possibility of infection
in the immediate postoperative period.
This regime remains in force for one
week, during which time the patient
is observed closely and given detailed
care.
The patient is protected as much as
possible from postoperative complica-
tions. Chest physiotherapy is started
at once and ambulation begins as soon
as possible. He is watched for signs
of infection or bleeding from the oper-
ative wound, and vital signs are care-
fully and frequently monitored. A
urethral catheter and a ureteral cathe-
ter are inserted at the time of opera-
tion and are closely watched for signs
of urinary drainage; both catheters
OCTOBER 1967
.--
, .
\
I
e
-
I'
.,
-
.
(
\
are irrigated regularly.
Of primary concern to all is the
function of the transplanted kidney.
There may be some urinary output at
once; however, there have been cases
in which the patient had no output of
urine for as long as two or three
weeks post-transplant. These patients
required hemodialysis following trans-
plant, and continued on dialysis until
the transplant began to function nor-
mally.
As renal function improves, the
patient goes through an initial diur-
etic phase. He is watched closely for
signs of dehydration and electrolyte
imbalance. The volume of urinary
output, which often reaches five litres
per day in this phase, is carefully mon-
itored; fluids are replaced. At last
he is allowed to eat a normal diet and
drink as much fluid as he wishes:
understandably, fluid replacement is
no problem.
The patient continues on antihy-
pertensive medications. In addition he
is given large doses of steroids and
[muran - an immunosuppressant -
to help prevent rejection of the trans-
OCTOBER 1967
,
,
,
)/
-
plant. The nurse watches for any
signs of the harmful side effects of
these drugs. Prednisone, when given
in large doses over an extended per-
iod, often causes diabetes mellitus.
The patient's urine must be regularly
tested for the presence of sugar and
acetone. Since [muran may produce a
leukopenia, the patient's white blood
cell count is followed closely.
Convalescent phase
After the initial postoperative week,
the patient leaves the intensive care
unit and returns to the ward on which
he received his pre-transplant treat-
ment. At this point he usually feels
extremely buoyant and optomistic
about his future. As his renal func-
tion remains stable and as he becomes
stronger, he begins to anticipate his
discharge from hospital.
He is very ambivalent about this
step. He naturally is anxious to leave
hospital - an event that represents
his return to normal health - but he
is worried about returning to his family
and resuming his role as head of the
Nurse in control room observes patient
who is on hemodialysis.
I r
household. He must avoid any job
that requires strenuous physical activi-
ty, and this may mean a radical
change for him. He may be worried
about finding work and about his
ability to provide for his family.
The patient's fears may be expres-
sed through an aggressive hostility
toward hospital staff, or by an in-
creasing demand for attention. The
nursing staff must be aware that these
attitudes are the patient's outlets for
his own fears and frustrations and
do not represent real hostility toward
them. He requires their understanding
support and encouragement - even
though he does not display this need
in a positive manner. The patient's
family should be made aware of his
problems and needs so that they can
understand his attitude and give him
the support that he requires. The
hospital social service worker, who
has followed his progress, can give
additional support.
If the patient continues to improve
and to be free of any. signs of trans-
plant rejection (elevated temperature
and white blood count; increase in
size and firmness of the transplanted
kidney, which is readily palpated
since it is in the abdominal cavity),
he is allowed to go home for one-
day visits. Through these visits he is
allowed to resume his position in the
family gradually, and to re-adjust to
it.
Approximately six weeks following
transplant surgery, the patient is dis-
charged from hospital. Before he
leaves, he receives extensive teaching
and reassurance. He soon learns to
identify the signs and symptoms of
rejection and realizes that if they ap-
pear, they must be reported to the
doctor at once.
He also is given instruction about
his medications. We have found it
helpfu1 to give the patient a card to
which a sample of each of his med-
ications is attached. Included beside
each sample is the name of the drug,
the strength of the pill, its action,
and the frequency of dosage.
After final instructions, advice, and
reassurance, the patient is at last ready
to leave hospital. He can resume tife
with new health and new hope for
the future. 0
f
I
THE CANADIAN NURSE 39
Nursing the patient
long-term hemodialysis
on
The patient on long-term, chronic
hemodialysis is faced with a multitude
of problems. In addition to the usual
stresses of everyday life, he is beset
with the problem of being dependent
on a complex and complicated ma-
chine for his survival.
To help this patient, the nurse must
have a healthy outlook toward chronic
illness. Moreover, she needs a good
understanding of both human and ma-
chine behavior, and a knowledge of
what makes each "tick." She must be
able to listen objectively to her pa-
tient's problems and, with the cooper-
ation of his family, help him to work
them out for himself.
Her position on the artificial kidney
team has both advantages and dis-
advantages. On one hand, she sees
same patients regularly and frequently
and so can watch their development
and see how they are adjusting to
treatment. She becomes well acquaint-
ed with the families and aware of
some of their weaknesses and
strengths. All this enables her to have
more insight into the basic problems.
On the other hand, however, definite
problems can arise in such a close
nurse-patient relationship. The nurse
may become so involved with her pa-
tient and his family that she is unable
to help them at a time of crisis. If
she can retain her concern for the
patient and keep her professional ob-
jectivity, the advantages of the situa-
tion will outweigh the disadvantages.
40 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Considerable support is needed by this patient who must depend on a machine
for his survival.
Lynda Nesbitt
A need to belong
The nurse is in an excellent posi-
tion to provide support to both the
patient and his family. An example
will illustrate the importance of this.
A patient who had been on chronic
hemodialysis for about three years at-
tempted suicide. The family history
showed that the patient's wife joined
various organizations when he first
became ill, took vocational courses at
night school, and generally kept her-
self busy so that if anything happened
to him, she would be self-supporting.
As time went on, the patient be-
gan to belive that nobody needed him.
His children had grown up and were
independent, and his wife was finan-
cially secure. He did not express these
feelings to his wife because he was
afraid that it would upset her. She
failed to express her need for him be-
cause she believed it would only be
one more burden for him. It required
the episode of serious depression to
being them closer together and make
him realize how much he actually was
needed.
The need to belong gives purpose
to life. As one patient put it, "When
I know that I have a wife and chil-
Miss Nesbitt, a graduate of The Montreal
General Hospital, has a diploma in public
health nursing from the University of
Western Ontario School of Nursing. Before
attending UWO, she worked in the Artifi-
cial Kidney Unit of The Montreal General
Hospital, Montreal, Quebec.
dren to support and th;,lt they need
me, I feel that I have a purpose in
life." This purpose for living is ab-
solutely essential if the patient on a
chronic hemodialysis program is to be
rehabilitated. There is little point, even
in the patient's eyes, of being kept
alive if it means only to exist.
Diet for life
Many other problems must be over-
come by these patients. First and fore-
most is diet. This is as important as
dialysis in the overall treatment pro-
gram. If the patient were not on a
restricted diet, hemodialysis would be
virtually useless unless carried out
every day. In most centers, diet is res-
tricted primarily with regard to so-
dium, protein, potassium, and fluid
intake.
The family's cooperation is of ut-
most importance, especially when the
patient is a male and his wife bears
the responsibility of cooking the meals.
Diet principles must be carefully ex-
plained. The wife should be encou-
raged to question and should feel free
to call the dietitian or the nurse when
she is uncertain about the value of
a particular food.
The adjustment to diet is one of
the most difficult hurdles for the pa-
tient to overcome. If his wife can
make the meals attractive and appeal-
ing, and if the family can make meal-
time a congenial get-together, some of
his difficulty may be overcome.
OCTOBER 1967
As active as possible
The second possible problem area
involves activity restriction - includ-
ing work restriction. Once again, fami-
ly support is indispensable. If the pa-
tient is treated like an invalid, he will
become one. This is contrary to the
whole purpose of the hemodialysis
program.
The patient should be able to tol-
erate almost as much activity as he
could before he became ill. This de-
pends on his age and previous physi-
cal condition. The patient himself
usually knows best when he had had
enough activity. When he thinks to
himself, "If I do this any longer I'm
going to be tired," then it is time for
him to quit.
A problem may arise if the patient
sees himself as a sick person; he may
be afraid to indulge in any kind of
strenuous activity. It is then up to
the family to support and encourage
him to become more active. Well-ad-
justed patients all over the world are
on chronic hemodialysis programs and
are engaging in activities that range
from hiking and skiing to painting
homes and planting gardens.
The patient may run into problems
at work. If he has had a position of
responsibility and his employer is wil-
ling to allow him to retain this posi-
tion, there is no reason why he cannot
continue. To take away job responsi-
bility would only serve to undermine
his pride and, in turn, cause resent-
ment and loss of self-respect. All these
feelings could combine to cause an
unsatisfactory adjustment to chronic
hemodialysis, or, worse, no adjustment
at all.
The laborer faces a different prob-
lem. He may be required to change his
occupation completely if there is dan-
ger that his work could lead to such
things as cannula infection or trauma
to the cannula site. In this instance,
he will need to readjust his self-ex-
pectations and will require the support
and encouragement of his family as he
begins a new occupation.
When considering type of occupa-
tion or extent of recreational activity,
OCTOBER 1967
the care of the. cannulas is kept in
mind. Both patient and family are
taught how to change the cannula dres-
sing; if it becomes wet or soiled, it
can be changed at home to reduce the
possibility of infection.
Home care of cannula
The patient and his family are
taught cannula care as soon as the can-
nulas are inserted. The ward nurse
shows them how to clean and dress
the cannula, using aseptic technique,
then watches while each family mem-
ber gives a return demonstration. By
the time the patient is discharged
home, he and his family can care for
the cannulas with ease.
The family will be given the equip-
ment needed for dressing changes or
will be told where it can be purchased.
This depends on hospital policy. They
are taught how to sterilize equipment
other than gloves. which are dispos-
able.
Financial aspects
This differs from province to prov-
ince, depending on the type of medical
insurance plan available. In Ontario.
patients are covered by the Ontario
Hospital Services Commission for hos-
pitalization and nursing care. Doctors'
fees frequently are paid by private or
government medical insurance plans to
which the patient may subscribe. When
medical insurance terminates, as in pri-
vate medical plans, the doctors conti-
nue to treat the patients without
charge.
A similar situation exists in Quebec.
In Montreal, the Kidney Foundation
gives financial aid and a large amount
of money is received through private
donations.
Hospitalization costs for dialysis
vary from $7,000 to $20,000 per year
per patient. The range is accounted
for by the physical size of the unit and
how many patients can be treated by
the same nursing staff in a single unit.
Independence is the goal
The patient may become overdepen-
dent on staff. One possible solution
is to involve him in the actual treat-
ment. In some centers patients with
leg cannulas have been taught to be-
gin dialysis themselves. With the ad-
vent of home dialysis programs, fami-
ly members and patient can carry out
the dialysis and monitor the machine.
This requires intensive teaching and
support on the part of the nursing
staff, but in some centers has led to
better patient adjustment and closer
patient-family relations.
After the acute phase of illness,
the patient usually worries about the
technical aspects of his treatment. He
wonders whether his blood flow is
adequate, how well the cannulas are
functioning, and so on. His emo-
tional and social needs come to the
fore after this second stage has passed.
Bibliography
Brand, R. and Komorita, N. Adapting to
long-term hemodialysis. Amer. J. Nllrs.
August, 1966, p. 1778.
Fellows, B. Hemodialysis at home. Amer.
J. Nllrs. August, 1966, p.1775.
Rackham, J.e. The artificial kidney. Callad.
Nurs. August, 1959, p.716.
Shea, E.J., Bogden, D.F., Freeman, R.B.,
and Schreiner. G. E. Hemodialysis for
chronic renal failure - part IV - psy-
chological considerations. A flfI. bllem.
Med. vol. 62, # 3, March, 1965, p.558-
63.
Schreiner, G. E. and Maher, J. F. Hemodia-
lysis for chronic renal failure - part
III - medical, moral, ethical, and socio-
economic problems. AflfI. Ifllerfl. Med.,
March, 1965, p.551-7. 0
THE CANADIAN NURSE 41
Treatment of
traumatic rupture of urethra
Complete transection of the urethra at the apex of the prostate is one of the most
serious urological injuries. It is also one of the most difficult to manage.
Urethroplasty, performed in two stages, is now the surgical method of choice.
Douglas D. Morehouse, M.D.
Figure 1
.
Transection of the urethra at the
apex of the prostate is found in about
10 percent of male patients who have
fractures of the pelvis involving the
symphysis pubis. In complete rupture,
an upward and posterior displacement
of the bladder and prostate gland is
evident. In these cases, rupture of
the pubo-prostatic ligaments, frequent-
ly accompany the injury. Bleeding
from the external urinary meatus may
or may not occur. On rectal examina-
tion, a boggy mass is felt in the
normal location of the prostate.
The diagnosis of urethral rupture
can be confirmed by a retrograde ur-
ethrogram (Figure 1). This will show
extravasation of contrast media at the
site of rupture into the retropubic and
perivesical areas.
It is unwise to introduce a catheter
into the urethra, as it may convert a
partial rupture into a complete one.
Also, catheterization increases the risk
of hemorrhage and infection.
Management in the past
In the past, an attempt usually was
made to reestablish urethral continuity
at the time of injury. This was achiev-
ed by manipulating a urethral catheter
across the defect, with or without an
attempt at primary anastomosis.
Sometimes the catheter was placed on
traction for varying periods; some-
times sutures were taken in the pros-
tate and passed through the perineum
Dr. Morehouse is Assistant Urologist,
Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, P.Q.
42 THE CANADIAN NURSE
under tension to reduce the chances of
separating the two severed ends of the
urethra. Variou5 other techniques have
been utilized. In general, the results
have been poor.
Most of these patients have requir-
ed repeated urethral dilation, often
for the rest of their lives. They have
been troubled with urinary tract infec-
tions, stones, and fistulae. Eventually,
marked obstructive changes occurred
in their bladders, characterized by tra-
beculation cellules and diverticula;
later, upper urinary tract dilation re-
sulted, followed by marked renal dam-
age from pyelonephritis as a result of
obstruction and vesico-ureteral reflux.
Subsequently, these patients developed
hypertension and uremia. Many died
prematurely as the result of the ur-
ethral injury and its management.
Present treatment
In recent years, patients with com-
plete transection of the urethra have
had their lives prolonged by various
forms of urinary diversion. Several
persons who were treated by the
above-mentioned method at the time
of initial injury have had further
surgery, in the form of a urethroplas-
ty. This technique, as described by
Johanson, * is difficult because of the
dense scar formation in the area of
stricture. The results, however, have
been encouraging.
*Bengt Johanson, Acta. Chirurgica Scandi.
nQvica (supp!. 176), Stockholm, 1953.
OCTOBER 1967
Objectives of treatment
In managing patients with transec-
tion of the urethra, the surgeon at-
tempts to: I. use as little manipula-
tion as possible when there are mul-
tiple injuries; 2. remove the urethral
stricture; 3. maintain urinary contin-
ence; 4. maintain potency; 5. assure
normal ejaculation; and 6. maintain
or improve the status of the upper
urinary tract.
The patient with multiple injuries
The patient wth multiple injuries
usually has been involved in an auto-
motive or industrial accident. Fre-.
quently, his condition is critical.
Several specialists are involved in
the emergency treatment of this pa-
tient. The aim of each specialist is to
use the least amount of manipulation
necessary to produce the best results.
For the patient with complete tran-
section of the urethra at the apex of
the prostate, the best emergency treat-
ment is a suprapubic cystostomy. This
is a quick and simple procedure.
Moreover, it is not associated with the
extensive fibrosis that occurs when
primary anastomosis is attempted in
Figure 2
OCTOBER 1967
the pool of blood usually found in the
space of Retzius following this injury.
Also, since this space is not widely
exposed, there is less chance of intro-
ducing infection with additional subse-
quent fibrosis.
If this type of treatment is utilized,
the hematomas are absorbed and
urethroplasty can be performed in
about three months without significant
local reaction.
Removal of urethral stricture
Any method of management must
aim at complete cure of the stricture.
Attempts at primary anastomosis
have, in general, been disappointing.
Most of these cases have required
further management as outlined
earlier.
Maintaining urinary continence
It is unusual for a patient to have
urinary incontinence as a direct result
of the injury. However, in the past six
months I have seen five patients who
were incontinent following an initial
attempt at primary reconstruction at
the time of injury. Two of these pa-
tients gained complete control follow-
ing first stage urethroplasty. On the
Figure 3
other hand, none of the patients who
were treated at the time of injury by
suprapubic cystostomy were inconti-
nent. This suggests that the primary
treatment may play a role in the de-
velopment of incontinence; perhaps by
the extensive fibrosis produced in the
area of injury and subsequent surgery.
Potency
Most patients with transection of
the urethra have normal erections fol-
lowing the injury and following ureth-
roplasty. Forty-five patients of a total
of 47 in Johanson's experience have
had normal erections following ureth-
roplasty. None of the adults I have
treated with this injury have been im-
potent after this type of surgery.
Normal ejaculation
During the first-stage urethroplasty,
care is taken while placing the three
apical sutures to avoid injury to the
ejaculatory ducts. These ducts open
on either side of the verumontanum.
Normal ejaculation usually is preserv-
ed following urethroplasty for high
urethral injuries.
Maintenance of normal upper urinary
tract
Following urethroplasty, the upper
urinary tract not only maintains itself,
but also usually shows improvement.
This is to be expected, because the
removal of catheters and obstruction
clears up any urinary tract infection.
Urethral reconstruction by
urethroplasty
A suprapubic cystostomy complete-
ly manages the emergency situation.
Furthermore, it permits the subse-
quent first-stage urethroplasty to be
carried out in an operative field where
the degree of fibrosis is much less
than it would be if a primary anasto-
mosis had been performed.
Prior to the first-stage urethroplas-
ty, a retrograde urethrogram, combin-
ed with a cystogram through the su-
prapubic tube (Figure 2), may be car-
ried out. This shows the extent of the
urethral defect. Then, by a combined
suprapubic transvesical approach and
a perineal approach, the defect is
bridged with a pedicle flap of scrotal
skin that has been inverted and passed
up to the proximal stump, where it is
held in position by three apical su-
tures. This flap passes through the
external sphincter without injuring it.
The proximal sutures are carefully
placed to avoid injury to the ejacula-
tory ducts.
At the completion of the first stage,
there is a small "scrotal cleft" at the
peno-scrotal junction (Figure 3).
The second stage urethroplasty is
performed a few months later, at
which time the urethral defect shown
in . Figure 3 is closed by burying a
stnp of urethral mucosa and adjacent
skin. 0
THE CANADIAN NURSE 43
Almost one-third of developmental
anomalies affect the genitourinary
tract. The majority of these defects are
minor, and do not impair the func-
tional state of the system. Some are
of cosmetic importance only; others
have a profound influence on the
functional integrity of the urinary
tract. It is significant that a goodly
portion are associated with infection
of the system.
Resistance to infection
The normal urinary tract, which is
challenged frequently by bacteria that
enter the urethra, shows considerable
resistance to infection. This is due to
simple dilution, continuous irrigation,
and the presence of specific and non-
specific inhibiters. Experimentally, or-
ganisms introduced into the normal
bladder are quickly diluted and steri-
lity is soon restored. This is not so in
the case of obstruction or injury to
the bladder mucosa.
The ureterovesical junction normally
prevents the reflux of urine into the
upper urinary tract. This competence
can be destroyed by inflammation as-
sociated with infection, allowing in-
fected urine to reach the kidney. In
many instances developmental defi-
ciency of this junction in childhood is
responsible for reflux of infected urine
into the kidney with subsequent pye-
lonephritis. With maturity, this situa-
tion tends to côrrect itself.
In other cases, congenital defects
may cause obstruction to the urinary
tract. This is followed by a reduction
in resistance to bacteria, and may lead
to a characteristic sequence of events,
that is, obstruction, which produces
stasis, which permits infection and in-
flammation. This may become chronic
and be associated with stone formation.
44 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Congenital anomalies of the urinary tract frequently are associated with infection
in a destructive combination. Many of these defects are not detected until
considerable damage has been done.
Anomalies and
infection of
. .
genitourinary tract
Douglas Ackman, M.D.
Eventually, destruction of renal tissue
may culminate in renal failure. In some
cases, the kidney may recover from
several episodes of pyelonephritis be-
fore a chronic infection is established.
Organisms
Infections of the urinary tract in-
volve a wide range of organisms. Ini-
tially, most infection is derived from
intestina] organisms - co1iforms being
the most common - that contaminate
the perineum. Others include aero-
bacter, proteus, pseudomonas, strep-
tococci and staphylococci. Repeated
infection often is associated with the
emergence of antibiotic resistant
strains, or acquisition of previously
resistant hospital organisms.
Organisms may be confined to the
lower urinary tract, or may involve
the kidneys when the ureterovesica]
junction is affected. There is a ten-
dency for obstruction at or below the
neck of the b]adder to cause bilateral
rena] infection, as distinguished from
higher lesions that are often one-sided.
Diagnosis
Recurrent urinary tract infection re-
quires a careful, comprehensive eva]ua-
tion of the patient and a detai]ed
examination of all aspects of the uri-
nary tract. The ]atter includes history
and physical examination, microscopic
examination of the urine, urine cu]-
ture, and intravenous pyelogram.
A cystogram, done when the urme
is sterile, provides information on the
residual urinary volume, the nature of
the bladder, and the presence of urete-
rovesical reflux. Urethrograms may be
required for some obstructive lesions.
Finally, cystoscopic evaluation of the
Dr. Ackman is Clinical Fellow in Urology,
Royal Victoria Ho
pital, Montreal, Quebec.
]ower urinary tract, with or without
retrograde pyelography, completes the
examination. In many cases, repeated
testing is required to demonstrate some
minor abnormality. When a genitouri-
nary anoma]y is suspected in a young
child, evaluation is made as early as
possible to avoid progressive damage.
Congenital anomalies
Three basic grades of develop-
mental anomalies may affect the urin-
ary tract and its resistance to infec-
tion. One group of lesions does not
impair renal function or the flow of
urine, and is not normally associated
with infection. Another large group
causes some degree of obstruction or
deficiency in renal function. These
lesions are associated with stasis and
infection of urine, affecting the lower
or upper tract in accordance with
]ocation.
Finally, a small group of anoma1ies
may be found in newborn children,
causing varying amounts of rena] in-
sufficiency. In these instances, the in-
sufficiency results from gross defects
in functioning renal tissue, or severe
obstructive uropathy that has caused
intra-ureteral damage and renal fail-
ure. These three groups of lesions are
illustrated by the following patient
histories.
Patient histories
A five-year-old male was examined
for enuresis. On physical examination,
a first degree urethral hypospadius
was detected. This involved a smaU
ventral fusion defect at the g]andular
portion of the urethra. The urinary
stream was not grossly affected, and
presented no inconvenience to the
child. Urinalysis ruled out infection.
There was no need for surgical cor-
OCTOBER 1967
rection of this minor defect. The
mother was reassured, and the child
was given follow-up care until the
enuresis cleared.
An eight-year-old female was exam-
ined for enuresis and incontinence.
She also had a history of febrile epi-
sodes and discomfort on voiding. Re-
cently, her mother had noted a foul-
smelling ring on the bedsheets. Careful
questioning revealed that although the
child had urinary incontinence, she
also voided normally.
There was some bilateral renal ten-
derness. A fever was noted, and the
urine was found to be full of leu co-
cytes. Urine culture grew pseudomo-
nas. After extensive investigation, it
was found that the child had several
congenital anomalies. There was re-
duplication of the right kidney with
a double ureter located ectopically in
the urethra; this explained the urinary
incontinence. The left kidney was
slightly hydronephrotic, and its normal
ureter terminated as a ureterocele at
the ureterovesical junction. The ure-
terocele was visualized as a translucent
sac lying in the bladder with a thin
jet of urine emerging near the apex.
Management in such cases follows
a carefully considered sequence of
priorities. The preservation of all pos-
sible functioning tissue is of prime
consideration. Removal of obstruction
and infection takes precedence over
maintenance of continence and cos-
metic appearance. -
In this case, there was poor vi-
sualization of the upper reduplicated
pole of the right kidney. Subsequent
retrograde pyelography confirmed a
grossly distorted ureter and pelvis
without evidence of obstruction. Iso-
tope scan also demonstrated poor
function of the renal parenchyma.
Rather than attempt to preserve the
renal tissue by ureteric re-implanta-
tion, it was decided to remove the en-
tire reduplicated pole and its long
ectopic ureter, leaving the normal
lower pole intact, with drainage into
the bladder intact.
The left ureterocele was managed
by re-implantation of the ureter into
the bladder. Simple unroofing of the
ureterocele would have exposed the
ureter to reflex. Eight months of con-
tinuous antibiotic management was re-
quired to achieve sterile urine. The
clinical symptoms were entirely re-
lieved in this case and the patient
was followed carefully over a long
period for possible recurrent pyelone-
phritis.
This case emphasizes several im-
portant points: 1. there are many
possible causes of urinary obstruc-
tion; 2. the obstruction may be mech-
OCTOBER 1967
anical or functional; 3. early recog-
nition is essential to achieve long-
term, satisfactory results.
A newborn infant was noted to be
underdeveloped and slow to respond.
Investigation revealed renal insuffi-
ciency, with massive bilateral hydrone-
phrosis, ureterectasis, and a distend-
ed bladder. The obstruction was
traced to congenital flap-type ureth-
ral valves located in the posterior
urethra. These delicate valves obstruc-
ted the flow of urine in-utero, result-
ing in functionless kidneys at the time
of birth. Infection was not involved
in this case only because the child
did not survive.
This is an example of the extreme
damage caused by congenital urinary
obstruction. The prognosis usually is
poor in spite of early diagnosis and
treatment. Similar cases may have a
marginal functional reserve that is
soon depleted by added infection.
Classification of lesions
It is difficult to provide a classifi-
cation that will relate the problem
of anomaly with that of infection.
The two can best be grouped in terms
of their effect on renal function, in a
manner similar to the case histories.
Group One: Normally, none of these
lesions are associated with obstruc-
tion to urinary flow and, consequently,
are not prone to infection. The lesions
include: redundant foreskin; dorsal
hood; split glans penis; diphallus; hypo-
spadius; and epispadius. Corrective
surgery generally is done for cosmetic
purposes only.
Group two: Obstruction to the urin-
ary tract may be located so that it af-
fects both upper tracts, or it may be
confined to one side. If confined to
one side, it may establish infection
that eventually affects the entire tract,
making its identification difficult. In
all cases, early detection and correc-
tion determine the chances for a good
long-term result.
Anomalies of Group II that may
cause lower tract obstruction include:
phimosis; meatal stenosis (in both
sexes); urethral defects (valves, stric-
tures, hypertrophy of verumontanum,
hypospadius, epispadius, and fistulae);
and defects of the bladder, including
outlet stenosis, exstrophy, neurogenic
dysfunction, and fistulae.
Phimosis and meatal stenosis are
easily detected, common lesions in
children. Unfortunately, they frequent-
ly are overlooked as a cause of ob-
struction.
Upper tract anomalies that fre-
quently result in infection include ur-
eteral defects, such as ureterocele,
meatal stenosis, reduplication, etc.;
pelvic defects, such as outlet obstruc-
tion; cysts, trapped calyx, etc.; and
renal defects such as dysplasia, cysts,
pelvic kidney, horseshoe kidney, etc.
Corrective surgery
When possible, the urine is steril-
ized prior to surgery. This permits
improved technique and reduces mor-
bidity. Phimosis leading to obstruc-
tion is an absolute indication for early
circumcision or slitting of the orifice.
At the same time, meatal adequacy
should be checked, and meatotomy
performed where indicated. Urethral
valves can be corrected by transur-
ethral resection, or by approaching
them from above at open vesicostomy.
Bladder neck stenosis is usually man-
aged by revision of the bladder neck
with a Y-V plasty. Ureteral stenosis
may respond to simple dilation. Ureter-
ocele is managed most frequently
by ureteral re-implantation. Ectopic
ureter is also managed by re-implanta-
tion, although badly damaged renal
tissue and ureter may warrant partial
nephrectomy and ureterectomy. Uret-
ero-pelvic obstruction will respond
well to plastic revision of the junction
using a variety of techniques.
Postoperative management
Organisms that have invaded the
kidney frequently are difficult to era-
dicate. Antibiotics do not easily pen-
etrate scarred tissue. Also, resistant
strains frequently emerge. Often this
re-infection does not appear until a
later date and may be mistaken for a
new infection. The usual course of
management consists of repeated urine
cultures and suitable alteration of anti-
biotics as the organisms change sen-
sitivity. The value of long-term ther-
apy in some cases is of considerable
merit.
Summary
Congenital anomalies of the urinary
tract frequently are associated with
infection in a destructive combina-
tion. Many of these defects are not
detected until considerable damage has
been done. Phimosis and meatal steno-
sis are easily detectable, and should
be kept in mind as a possible serious
hazard. The detection of the lesions
frequently requires persistent search-
ing. The eradication of the accom-
panying infection may be equally frus-
trating. Some patients will require
long-term therapy even after corrective
surgery. An unfortunate number are
not detected until advanced renal dam-
age already has taken place. These
patients may, in some instances, be
candidates for dialysis or renal trans-
plant. 0
THE CANADIAN NURSE 45
idea
exchange
The Canadian Nurse is always delighted to hear from readers with a "better idea." Send yours to share with your nursing colleagues.
A recent tragedy at another hos-
pital in our city made our staff ex-
tremely fire conscious. To prevent the
lesson from being forgotten, nursing
staff in our hospital took steps to
keep employees alert.
The method of inservice education
we developed may be especially useful
for other chronic hospitals or nursing
homes.
Our problem was to keep student
nurses and other newcomers to our
hospital staff informed about the rapid
removal of patients in case of emer-
gency. As in most hospitals, our staff
turnover is very high. This means that
fire instruction, to be effective, must
be almost continuous. We had to de-
vise a method of in service education
that suited our needs, could be used
at anytime, and yet was inexpensive.
Up to that time we had used two
excellent films: They Called It Fire-
proof and Emergency Evacuation of
Patients. Although both are excellent
teaching films, they have to be order-
(
ed long in advance and are available
for only short periods at a time. We
needed a teaching tool that was easy
to use and available at all times. We
decided that slides would serve our
purpose.
The techniques shown in Emer-
gency Evacuation of Patients are easy
to learn and effective. We set about
adapting them to our situation. We
practiced the methods of carry, using
volunteers from staff and patients.
Once we had learned the techniques
, f r
1 \ \1 ,
...-
,
-----
46 THE CANADIAN NURSE OCTOBER 1967
is technique is important for
'lOving a patient while maintaining
body alignment. It requires four
sons. Three nurses lift the patient
m the bed while the fourth prepares
,lanket on the floor.
I four nurses assist in lowering
, patient to the floor.
Ice the patient is on the blanket
, nurses roll the edges to form
finders to grasp and carry.
Ie patient can now be lifted easily.
loroughly, we set about recording
tern on film.
Everyone at the hospital soon be-
Ime interested in the project because
f staff participation.
We also made large scale drawings
f the procedures using the slides as
lodels. These are posted in con-
enient staff areas and serve as read-
y available reminders.
We soon discovered that our artis-
c abilities were even more limited
lan our acting ones. Fortunately we
OCTOBER 1967
..
\
discovered a method of tracing the
figures using clear plastic. With the
plastic we made outlines and thus
proceeded with greater speed. In this
way our work was completely original
but it illustrated what we were trying
to teach.
We prepared seven procedures in
all, based on the ones we found most
satisfactory for our situation. Two
of the procedures are shown in the
accompanying photographs.
We undertook this project because
we believe that nurses should take the
This technique is useful because one
nurse can complete it by herself.
The nurse places a blanket on the
floor and kneels on it by the side of
the bed. She moves the patient close
to her edge of the bed.
The nurse pulls the patient close
to her chest.
She lowers the patient to her knees,
and then places him on the blanket.
The nurse can now pull the patient
on the blanket.
The chair carry is an easy way of
removing a patient who can sit down.
,
f
c
leadership and responsibility for teach-
ing relatively untrained staff who are
caring for their patients. Through the
practice for filming, the permanent
staff became very proficient in carry-
ing out evacuation procedures. They
are now prepared to direct emergency
evacuation if it ever becomes neces-
sary. And, fire prevention and control
are the first procedures we teach
in our program. - Viola Vandervoot,
formerly Supervisor, Inservice Educa-
tion, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital,
Toronto, Ontario.
11
)
t
.
I
/
"
THE CANADIAN NURSE 47
research abstracts
Heenan, Mary St. Roch, Sister. Proposed
method of emluation of administrath'e
behm'ior in nursing education. London,
1962. Thesis (M.Sc.N.) Univ. of Western
Ontario.
Thi
study was an attempt to measure in
a reasonably objective manner the extent to
which a stated philosophy mayor may not
be operational in a school of nursing. A
complete study was recognized to be beyond
the scope of a single individual and this
inve
tigator selected certain areas of admin-
istrator-faculty. faculty-student relationships.
Beginning with a classical philosophy, the
investigator used its derivative fundamental
assumptions to determine their implications
for the area to be studied. These implica-
tions were then de
igned a
tools of mea-
surement.
Four hospital schools of nursing were
used, and. in addition to the use of these
measuring tools, direct observation and in-
terviews formed the basis of the investigat-
or's method.
The measuring tools provided scores in
each area under investigation and these
were converted to percentages. The findings
appear at the end of the study in graph
form. The investigator supports the thesis
that the extent to which a school's stated
philosophy is operational. can be measured
in a valid and reliahle way.
Cunningham. Roberta J. A proposed method
for emluation of teaching effectiveness in
.rcllOols of nursing. London. 1962. Thesis
(M.Sc.N.) Univ. of Western Ontario.
Thi
study represents an attempt to dem-
onstrate that teaching effectiveness can be
measured in a reasonably objective and valid
manner.
Tools of measurement were constructed
on the basis of fundamental assumptions
relevant to the educational process. These
tool
were then used to evaluate 15 teach-
ers, 5 in each of 3 hospital schools of
nursing. These teachers were observed and
evaluated in 3 phases of their teaching ac-
tivities: the selection, organization, and dir-
ection of student learning experiences. Data
card
were designed for use in 3 types of
teaching situations: the classroom. labora-
tory and clinical area. and in combinations
of these.
Thirty student nurses, 10 in each school
of nursing, evaluated 6 of the participating
teachers. 2 in each school, using a rating
scale developed by Dr. Loretta Heidgerken.
48 THE CANADIAN NURSE
The 15 teachers were asked to evaluate their
own effectiveness using the same scale.
Finally, the scores were tabulated. and
percentages of total scores for each teacher
were graphed.
Findings from this study indicate that
teaching effectiveness can be measured in
a valid and reliable manner, using criteria
based on fundamental assumptions concern-
ing the educational process.
Marie, Sister Ann. The reactions of student
nurses to specific regulations in effect
in nurses' residences. Boston, 1964. Field
Study (M.S.) Boston University.
This study was conducted to examine
student nurse reactions to student council
regulations. Answer were sought for the
following questions: I. Do student council
regulations promote desired results in terms
of personal and social responsibility? 2. Is
there a difference in acceptance of regula-
tions between classes? 3. Is there a relation-
ship between student level of satisfaction
with the profession and their reactions to
student council regulations? 4. Is there
a difference of acceptance of regulations
between schools operated by religious and
those under secular direction?
To investigate these areas, a rating scale
was administered to student nurses on the
freshman, junior, and senior level in two
schools in Metropolitan Boston, one under
religious direction and the other under sec-
ular direction.
The rating scale was made up of 38
items taken from the handbooks of each
school. It was set up to obtain student
reactions to student council regulations on a
five-point scale according to satisfaction
or dissatisfaction with the regulations. Five
open-ended questions were asked at the
end of the rating scale to solicit reactions
of satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the
nursing profession and to collect data con-
cerning growth in social and personal res-
ponsibility.
The results of the rating scale were ex-
amined by means of the chi-square tech-
nique to determine the difference in satisfac-
tion and dissatisfaction with the student
council regulations between the classes of
each school and between the schools. Sat-
isfaction or dissatisfaction with the nursing
profession was obtained by categorizing the
answers from questions two, three, four,
and five into a "yes"/"no" nominal scale
and the results compared with satisfaction or
dissatisfaction with student council regula-
tions.
The responses to question one were ex-
amined for growth in social and personal
responsibility.
The results of the study indicate that
there is very little difference in dissatisfac-
tion with student council regulations be-
tween freshman. junior, or senior students
in each school. When the schools were
compared it was concluded that students in
the school under secular direction reacted
with more dissatisfaction than students in the
school under religious direction.
Growth in social and personal respon-
sibility was indicated from the responses to
the open-ended question number one on
the rating scale in all classes in both schools
in the area of personal concern, preparation
for citizenship and maturity.
The answer to question three of the
study was obtained from the responses to
the open-ended questions number two,
three, four, and five at the end of the
rating scale. It was concluded that there
is no relationship with the nursing profes-
sion and dissatisfaction with student council
regulations.
Watts, Evelyn M. An as.ressme1l1 of the U.re
of nurse-patient relationship to provide
three aspects of supportive emotional care
in a psychiatric hospital. London. 1962.
Thesis (M.Sc.N.) Univ. of Western On-
tario.
This study was an endeavor to assess the
use of nurse-patient relationships in the pro-
vision of three aspects of supportive emo-
tional care. and. concurrently, to indentify
the variety and extent of duties performed
while not engaged in such relations.
The assessment was made on 6 wards of
a psychiatric hospital where the supportive
emotional care of 54 patients. and the total
activities of 15 nurses were observed. Three
aspects of supportive emotional care - self-
esteem, understanding, and security - were
recorded as performed in 6 direct nursing
functions. Support for the selection of these
aspects of care is found in the literature of
the disciplines of psychiatry. psychiatric
nursing, psychology. and education.
Those duties engaged in when not occu-
pied in nurse-patient relationships were
grouped into 13 categories.
The method and the criteria used were
found to be satisfactory for the purposes of
this study. 0
OCTOBER 1967
books
Ps
'chology, The Nurse and the Pa-
tient, 2d ed., by Robert V. Heckel,
B.S.. M.S., Ph.D., and Rose M. Jordan,
B.S.. R.N. 344 pages. Saint Louis, Mosby,
1967.
Reviewed by Mrs. Alberta Casey, ClinicaJ
Teacher in psychiatric nursing, Ottawa
General Hospital School of Nursing, Ot-
tawa, Ontario.
This text is divided into five sections,
all dealing with behavior. Included in the
beginning chapters are the determiners,
shapers, measures and modifiers of be-
havior as well as a chapter dealing with the
socio--cultural approach to behavior. Pre-
ceding this is a short chapter on the de-
velopment of good study habits.
The aim of the authors is to present a
general psychology text that relates the sub-
ject to nursing. They have succeeded.
From the beginning of e3ch thapter the
reader follows a student nurse through the
various phases of her education. Situations
peculiar to nursing and nurses are outlined
in dialogues between the student and her
teachers and/or classmates. The authors
then explain the psychological principles
underlying them.
The book presents a comprehensive chap-
ter on growth and development that in-
cludes a section on interpersonal relation-
ships and communication. In the section on
socio-<:ultural approach to behavior, the
nurse and her background and place in so-
ciety, are discussed.
Adding to the well-organized material is
the chapter on group behavior and leader-
ship. With the current emphasis on team
leadership in nursing. it is essential that the
student be familiar with these principles.
Other psychology texts written for nurses
have been oversimplified.
This text is complete, well-organized.
readable and well-illustrated. It would be
valuable in providing the student of nurs-
ing with a thorough and applicable know-
ledge of psychology.
Scientüic Foundations of Nursing,
2d. ed., by Madelyn T. Nordmark, and
Anne W. Rohweder. 388 pages. J. B.
Lippincott Co., Toronto.
Reviewed by Miss Harriet Hayes, B.N.,
Associate Director of Nursin/!, Moncton
Hospital, Moncton, N.H.
The title of this book sums up its con-
tents. The authors deal with scientific
principles, taken from the natural and social
OCTOBER 1967
sciences that they believe form the scien-
tific foundations of nursing. The book is
readable, concise and well-organized.
Two sections concern the natural and
social sciences and their nursing applica-
tions, followed by a section on the use of
the material by nurse educators in planning
course outlines and learning experiences for
student nurses.
Unit II deals with the natural sciences.
The authors have stated 10 factors involved
in maintaining or restoring physiological
homeostasis, and seven additional factors
necessary for effective and independent
functioning of the human organism. Each
factor is studied independently: a general
statement or concept related to the factor
is stated; and, in sequence, principles from
anatomy and physiology, physics, chem-
istry and pathology are related. At the
end is a section dealing with the applica-
tion of the principles in nursing.
In unit III of the book, the authors dis-
cuss social science in the same way, stating
principles from psychology, sociology and
anthropology that are applicable in helping
to understand human behavior. Then, as in
unit II. they have applied them to nurs-
ing. Unit IV offers some suggestions as to
the value and use of the book to nurse edu-
cators in planning learning experiences for
the nursing student. It gives student objec-
tives and develops an outline for education
in terms of behavior expected of the stu-
dent to reach these objectives.
This book would be valuable to the stu-
dent and the professional nurse for refer-
ence and review purposes. It is not a text-
book, because its descriptions lack depth
and detail; however it would be useful in
helping students to realize the scientific
basis for their knowledge. Nursing instruc-
tors would find this book invaluable in
help
ng students plan and analyze nursing
care.
Vietnam Doctor; The Story of Pro-
ject Concern, by James W. Turpin with
Al Hirshberg, 211 pages. Toronto,
McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1966.
Books and articles on medical care in
Vietnam and the ubiquitous miniskirt
seem to be having similar problems: over-
exposure. However, if books on careers of
sacrifice are for you, then this is a good
one.
Dr. Jim Turpin left the Methodist minis-
try to enter medicine, with plans to become
a medical missionary. This book tells his
success story, from life as a socially-smart,
well-to-do, and dissatisfied practitioner in
Coronado, California, to that of a laboring,
nearly-broke, and happy doctor-of-all-work
in DaMpao, Vietnam. It tells the warm and
human story of the establishment of Project
Concern, a medical mission project that has
grown into an international organization
sponsoring much-needed civilian hospitals in
Hong Kong and Vietnam.
The story is warm and human, the prob-
lems are vital and of concern to us all, and
the book is well-written. Recommended for
off-<luty reading.
The Care and Training of the Mental-
ly Subnormal, 3d ed., by Charles H.
Hallas. S. R.N.. RMN, RNMS, RNT.,
254 pages. MacMillan Company of Can-
ada Limited, Toronto.
Reviewed by Mrs. Doris E. Thompson,
Nurse Instructor, The Children's Psychi-
atric Research Institute, London, Onto
The fundamental purpose of this 254-
page book was apparently to provide an
up-to-date textbook for nurses employed
in the care of the individual who is men-
tally retarded and to emphasize realistic and
positive action in the nursing care of these
patients. This was to be accomplished by
providing a scientific basis for this special
field of nursing. It would appear that the
author's intention was to capture the mood
of change and to stimulate nurses to pro-
vide better leadership in this field of nurs-
ing, and to provide support and guidance
to families of retarded individuals.
This book provides many accurate facts
and demonstrates the changes in care of the
mentally retarded, but failed to stimulate
this reader. The chapters on syndromes,
classification of the clinical symptoms of
mental retardation, and drugs are profes-
sionally oriented, while those on occupa-
tional therapy, rehabilitation, and commu-
nity care are written for the non-profes-
sional.
The book provides an overview of the
nursing care of the mentally retarded in
Britain, but neglects to. provide the essen-
tial details. The repetitious use of "reas-
surance," "adequate diet," "suitable films,"
and "suitable temperaments" leaves the
reader void of increased knowledge be-
cause the author fails to explain what he
means by "adequate" and "suitable" and
does not describe the technique of reassur-
ance. Statistics are stated as facts and un-
THE CANADIAN NURSE 49
books
fortunately no reference sources are listed.
The book centers around the British sys-
tem of institutional care. community fa-
cilities. and laws that relate to the care and
training of the mentally retarded person.
The terminology and classification of the
patients according to intelligence quotient
and performance is based on the British
system. The author talks of the subnormal
:md the severely-subnormal individual with-
out giving adequate details of their abilities.
The subject material is not weIl organiz-
ed. Emotional problems and education of
the mentally retarded are discussed in
chapters VII and VIII, followed by psycho-
logical development patterns of behavior
and learning theory in chapters XVII.
XVIII, and XX.
The overall context of the book appears
to be centered on programs and routines
rather than patient-centered care. Syn-
dromes are listed and described briefly
from the genetic viewpoint, but the clinical
pictures are inadequate and the influence
of the syndromes on the patients' social,
emotional, intellectual, and physical care is
not described. Teaching self-care and inde-
pendence is emphasized and the author
states: "This is a task that demands great
kill on the part of the nursing staff." He
fails to explain the skills and the specific
techniques required.
The value of this book, to nurses work-
ing with mentally retarded individuals in
Canada. is questionable.
Workbook For Gynecologic Nursing
by Constance Lerch, R.N., B.S.(Ed.) and
Joanne K. Wagner, R.N., B.S.(Nurs.). 121
pages. Sair
: Louis, Mosby, 1967.
Reviewed by Mrs. J. Burrows, Science
Instructor, School of Nursing, St. Bon-
iface General Hospital, Tache Avenue,
Winnipeg, Manitoba.
This workbook covers the topic of gyne-
cological disorders quite adequately, with
emphasis on the most common problems. II
incorporates the knowledge of anatomy and
physiology necessary for a comprehensive
study of the female reproductive system and
its disorders.
Psychological aspects of care are stressed
where applicable and some of the common
misconceptions about female physiology and
emotional instability are applied to patient
situations. These situations are realistic and
the questions relating to them should en-
courage discussion within the student group.
This will help the student to deal with such
problems when she is faced with them in
nursing practice.
The reading list would help the student,
both in answering questions and providing
a source for further information on sub-
jects of particular interest to her.
The book appears to be up-to-date; many
newer treatments and drugs are brought
into the situations. It could serve as a
valuable aid to the student of gynecologic
nursing.
The Heart, Arteries and Veins by J.
WiIli
Hurst. M.D., and R. Bruce Logue,
M.D. 1255 pages. Toronto, McGraw-Hill,
1966.
Reviewed by Miss Arlene Aish. Assistant
Professor, University of New Brunswick
School of Nursing, Fredericton, New
Brunswick.
The field of cardiology is one in which
knowledge is rapidly increasing. It is an
extremely broad and complex area. The
aim of this medical textbook is to cover
the topic as completely as is possible within
one volume.
The editors, who consider themselves
"basically teachers and clinicians," have
contributed to many sections of the book
themselves. They have enlisted the assistance
of 65 contributing authors from medical
Fads about Nursing in Canada
1963 Non-Integrated
BASIC Integrated
(171) (87) (84)
POST-BASIC With Major Graduates from
(216) (211)
Generic Baccalaureate Programs
(5) . Nursing
1964 In
BASIC Integrated Non-Integrated
(154) (81) (73) 1963 - 1966
POST-BASIC With Major
(255) (242)
Generic Source:
(13) Research Unit,
1965 Canadian Nurses'
BASIC Integrated Non-Integrated Association,
(206) (101) (105) 1967
POST-BASIC Generic With Major
(343) (65) (278)
1966
BASIC
(220)
Integrated
(125)
POST-BASIC
(442)
Generic
(90)
50 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Non-Integrated
(95)
With Major
(352)
OCTOBER 1967
I Know j8 nurse who isn't on our list?
schools and health agencies across the l \
\ .... }/
United States. "-.::
The articles cover a wide range of typical
cardiovascular disorders and their medical
and surgical treatment. Some topics that
may be of particular interest are: genetics
and the cardiovascular system; cardiovascu-
lar anatomy and function; cardiovascular
disease, symptoms, and emotional stress;
cardiac arrest and resuscitation; and medico-
legal aspects of heart disease.
The material is offered in an objective
manner. It is clear, concise, and augmented
by many interesting illustrations.
Considerable effort has been made by
the editors to provide a comprehensive and
useful index, a factor of prime importance
in a reference book of this scope.
The book is aimed toward medical stu-
dents, practitioners and specialists. While
nurses on a cardiac unit or in a school of
nursing could find it a useful reference,
possibly a more basic text would better
serve this purpose.
books
Fluid and Electrolyte Balance by Mar-
garet L. Dickens, R.N., M.S., 206 pages.
Toronto, The Ryerson Press, 1967.
Reviewed by Miss R. Roslyn K/aiman,
Instructor, Ryerson Polyteclmical Institute
Nursing Course, Toronto, Ontario.
This new programmed text on fluid and
electrolyte balance is published in a small,
soft-cover edition with clear, easy to read
print. Although the title does not indicate
a pediatric orientation, Miss Dickens makes
this clear in the introduction. The text is
designed to prepare student nurses to meet
and cope with the problems of fluid and
electrolyte balance in children.
The text is presented in the form of an
intrinsic or "scrambled" program paradigm
with the content divided into five major
sections: 1. water; Z. fluid equilibrium;
3. body fluids and electrolytes; 4. acid-
base balance; 5. special considerations of
nursing problems encountered when caring
for a child receiving parenteral fluid ther-
apy. Also included are work sheets for stu-
dents to use in checking their progress
while working with the program.
The first four sections deal extensively
with their topic. Though examples are
drawn from pediatric situations, transfer to
the adult patient is easily made. The author
messes the important though difficult as-
pects of the physiology and biochemistry
involved and makes use of lengthy ex-
planations and diagrams to aid the student's
understanding of these. In the final section
she presents specific problems relating to
the nursing care of the child receiving par-
enteral fluid therapy. Included in this sec-
OCTOBER 1967
"
I
.....
,.
\
-
',-
-.. ,..
r
.\
Put her on your list with a
Christmas Gift Subscription
to
The Canadian Nurse
The Canadian Nurse has an international
reputation as a reliable source of informa-
tion and ideas for nurses in every branch
of the profession. It makes an exciting gift
for students, for classmates who have tem-
porarily retired, and for nursing friends
overseas.
A handsome gift card, handsigned with your name, will be ..nt announcing your gift.
Orden must be ....;ved by November 30 to ensure arrival of card in time for Christmas.
Please check (r') one
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AOOIIESS subscription for :
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 51
books
tion are aspects of growth and development
as well as the psychological implications in-
volved in caring for children undergoing
traumatic procedures. The text appears to
be designed mainly for the baccalaureate
or post-basic student; however, section five
seems to be directed to the diploma student.
The general coverage of the subject mat-
ter in this text is vast and prepares the
student for almost any situation she might
encounter in this area. However, the au-
thor's presentation of the material in the
form of a programmed text defeats the
purpose of programming. Although she
employs the scrambled paradigm through-
out, she generally limits the student to two
possible answers for each question present-
ed. Thus, the student who makes an error
is advised to reread the content in which
the error was made, but can (and probably
will) forgo this and simply choose the sec-
ond alternative. Moreover, the author uses
the answers as a vehicle for presenting
DANDRUFF
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treatment is the medical one - Selsun
by Abbott.
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Really, there's no room for dandruff
in your professional or social life. Use
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Precautions: Occasional sensitization
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occur. Falling hair which may accom-
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1 Slinger, W. N., and Hubbard, D. M., Treaf-
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ABBOTT LABORATORIES LIMITED Halifax' Montreal. Toronto. Winnipeg. Vancouver
52 THE CANADIAN NURSE
new information, often assuming knowledge
on the part of the student for which there
is no evidence. She directs each student
through identical sequences, thereby provid-
ing no scope for the student who either
knows the material and could eliminate
certain areas or who requires more explana-
tion than initially is offered.
Of prime importance in reviewing a pro-
grammed text is the consideration of the
author's description of the objectives, the
expectation of the knowledge that the stu-
dent must bring to the text, plus a descrip-
tion of the type of student for whom the
text was designed. Miss Dickens offers none
of these. The depth of content in some
areas seems to imply that a thorough know-
ledge of physiology and biochemistry is
required, yet in other areas students are
admonished for not seeking aid from dic-
tionaries or other texts to further their
grasp of the material. In some areas con-
siderable depth of knowledge is required
in response to questions, and in others the
simplicity of the question appears incon-
gruous.
The author also employs the unfortunate
technique of chastising or punishing stu-
dents for incorrect responses by use of sar-
castic statements, such as "Whatever made
you select this answer?" "Are you reading?"
"Come on now!" Similarly, even when a
student has selected the correct response,
there occasionally seems to be the implica-
tion that this was not obtained on the first
try by the use of statements such as "Now
you are using your head."
In this reviewer's opinion, all value of
this text as an adjunct to a pediatric course
bibliography is lost because of the pro-
gramming techniques employed. It has a
use as a reference text for students wishing
to avail themselves of the content despite
the poor presentation; however, this would
require careful guidance by the pediatric
instructor.
Medical Dictation and Transcription
by Phyllis E. Davis and Nancy V. Her-
shelman. 465 pages. John Wiley & Sons,
Inc., New York, 1967.
Reviewed by Miss Dianne J. Gordon,
Chief Medical Record Librarian, Regina
General Hospital, Regina, Saskatchewan.
Programmed instruction appears to be
taking priority over detailed classroom in-
struction in some fields. This book is an
example of the combination of text and
workbook. It pròvides dictation and tran-
scription training for the medical secretary.
It is assumed that the student is already
efficient in taking dictation by Gregg short-
hand and has a vast knowledge of med-
ical terminology to be eJ.igible for this
specific aspect of programmed instruction.
The dictation material is divided into
eleven categories that follow closely the
classic order of presentation of the anatom-
OCTOBER 1967
books
ical systems. Again, it is assumed that the
student is concurrently being instructed in
anatomy. Model forms of letters, discharge
summaries, case histories, and operative, x-
ray, pathology, and consultation reports are
outlined at the beginning so that the stu-
dent will have acceptable form3ts to follow
when setting up the various transcription
assignments.
All examples used in the preparation of
the text are factual and were contributed
by hospitals, clinics, and specialists in the
field. They are typical of the dictation a
medical secretary would encounter on the
job.
Dictation assignments follow according
to the anatomical systems. Each category
presents a variety of procedures from which
the most difficult medical tenns have been
extracted. These medical tenns have been
illustrated in Gregg shorthand and a prac-
tice line left for the student, which gives
her some understanding of everything she
writes in shorthand. Word counts are il-
lustrated at the end of each practice pro-
cedure to facilitate the student in correct
timing at varying speeds. Naturally, the goal
is speed and accuracy.
The application of a program of this
type is becoming out-dated. It is question-
able whether this text would benefit any
student or prospective employer. One reason
is that the use of facilities such as tele-
phone dictation and individual dictation
units has proven to be just as effective as
having dictation taken in shorthand by a
medical secretary and transcribed.
Medical Care, Readings in the Sociol-
ogy of Medical Institutions by W.
Richards Scott and Edmund H. Vol kart
(with assistance of Lynda Lytle Holm
strom). 595 pages. New York, John Wiley
& Sons, Inc., J 966.
Reviewed by Miss Moyra AI/en, Associate
Professor, School of Nursing, McGill
University, Montreal.
This book provides an intensive study
of the social structure of medical insti-
tutions. The editors believe that the CrISIS
in American medicine is concerned not with
the quality of medical services, but with
their organization and distribution.
Many of the classic articles with which
we have become familiar are brought to-
gether to identify some of the far-reaching
changes in the organization of medical care
and many of the problems contingent on
these changes. Writings of such authors as
Everett Hughes, Howard Becker, Oswald
Hall, and many others have been edited to
provide a focus upon medical problems that
OCTOBER 1967
exist in the larger sense as sociological
problems. Recent developments in medicine
have resulted in such problems as: frag-
mentation of care due to increased special-
ization; modifications in the nature of the
doctor-patient relationship due to "third-
party" medical insurance; the growth of
group practice that converts the physician
from an independent "entrepreneur" to a
salaried "bureaucrat," among others.
The arrangement of papers in this col-
lection is such that discussions of the two
basic medical roles - healer and patient -
are followed by chapters dealing with
various aspects of the therapeutic relation-
ship.
The editors make use of such concp.pts
as nonns, values, and practices in their
analysis of institutional behavior both at
the level of the individual role and at
the level of the larger role system. The
four parts of the book and their subsec-
tions each contain an introduction in which
the particular theme is developed as part
of the overall structure of the book. The
volume concludes with a series of papers
on hospitals and clinics and their relation-
ship to the larger society. Each subsection
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bowel, and the possibility of water intoxication.
The patient should preferably be lying on the left side
with the knees flexed, or in the knee-chest position.
Once the protective cap has been removed, and the
prelubricated anatomically correct rectal tube gently
inserted, simple manual pressure on the container
does the rest! Care should be taken to ensure that
the contents of the bowel are completely expelled. Left
4 ;;.;i% colon catharsis is normally achieved in two to five
minutes, with little or no mucosal irritation, pain or
spasm. If a patient is dehydrated or debilitated,
hypertonic solutions such as FLEET ENEMA, must
be administered with caution. Repeated use at short
intervals is to be avoided. Do not administer to children
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And afterwards, no scrubbing, no sterilisation, no
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Every special plastic "squeeze-bottle" contains 41f2
fl. oz. of precisely formulated solution, so that the
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Each J 00 cc. of FLEET ENEMA contains:
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 53
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Mode of heovy woshoble flannel reinforced
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54 THE CANADIAN NURSE
books
is followed by an annotated bibliography
organized according to the various topics
in the particular subsection.
This work is rich in ideas that enable the
reader to perceive the implications for all
persons who work in, or are a part of, a
medical institution. More particularly, it
reveals the institutional forces that operate
on nurses, nursing practice, the preparation
of nurses, and on the profession as a whole.
The contents help the reader to assess the
character of nursing goals, their value, and
their practicality in the modem world of
medical
re.
Undoubtedly, the concern with the Amer-
ican scene detracts from the value of this
book in the Canadian setting. However, the
historical and cross-cultural approaches per-
mit the reader to view problems in the
perspective of time and number of situa-
tions. The articles selected by the editors
indicate the variation in the influences,
forces, and stresses operating within the
medical institution, yet highlight recurring
patterns at the individual, group, and com-
munity levels.
It is unfortunate that the editors, who
have both been associated with the program
in medicine in the behavioral sciences at
Stanford University, have changed their
professional commitments, making publica-
tion of subsequent volumes in this origin-
ally envisioned series, improroble.
films
Mental Health
Full Circle, a USA mental health film
produced in 1964, is now available in Can-
ada through the Canadian Film Institute,
1762 Carling Ave., Ottawa 13. The 26-
minute, black-and-white film would be a
valuable aid in nursing education, and
would also be useful for public education
and recruitment programs.
The film should be booked well ahead;
a small fee is charged for rental.
Full Circle illustrates the importance of
work as a therapeutic tool in the adjust-
ment of the mentally ill. The film tells
the story of a young woman patient, Ka-
ren, and covers all aspects of her hospital
treatment, but with special attention to a
work adjustment group as an effective tech-
nique in her treatment. A vocational re-
habilitation counselor, working as a mem-
ber of the hospital team, holds group ses-
sions where patients can air their feelings
about going back to work.
As Karen improves, she is discharged
rom hospital and returns to her job. How-
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simplify bandaging fingers, toes,
hands, feet, legs, arms, head and
body. Because Tubegauz is double-
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OCTOBER 1967
Next Month
in
The
Canadian
Nurse
. homosexuality among women
. eight-page color supplement
on official opening of CN A
House
. impact of prepared childbirth
on nursing
Photo credits
Royal Victoria Hospital,
p.34,37,39,42,43
United Nation's Children's Fund,
p.8
Victoria Hospital, London,
Ontario, p. 27
The Queen Elizabeth Hospital,
Toronto, p. 47
OCTOBER 1967
ever, she continues to attend the work
adjustment discussion sessions.
The film stresses the need for compre-
hensive community health services, and
shows how a mentally ill person can be
successfully and quickly helped when she
can be cared for in her own community
rather than in the traditional mental setting.
accession list
Publications in this list of material
received recently in the CNA library are
shown in language of source. The majority
(reference material and theses, indicated
by R excepted) may be borrowed by CNA
members, and by libraries of hospitals and
schools of nursing and other institutions.
Requests for loans should be made on the
"Request Form for Accession List" (page
57) and should be addressed to: The
Library, Canadian Nurses' Association,
50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario.
BOOKS AND DOCUMENTS
I. Annual meeting, reports, 1967. St.
Johns, Association of Registered Nurses of
Newfoundland. Iv.
2. Annual reports, 1967. Regina, Saskat-
chewan Registered Nurses' Association. 48p.
3. An atlas of nursing techniques by
Norma Greenler Dison. St. Louis, Mosby,
1967. 2S8p.
4. Biennial reports 10 the membership
1965-66. New York, National League for
Nursing, 1967, 87p.
5. Education and libraries selected papers
by Louis Round Wilson. Edited, with a
biographical sketch and commentary by
Maurice F. Tauber and Jerrold Orne. Harn-
den, Conn., Shoestring Press, c1966. 344p.
6. Folio of reports, 1967. Winnipeg,
Manitoba Association of Registered Nurses.
SSp.
7. Folio of reports 1967. Fredericton,
Registered Nurses' Association of New
Brunswick. Iv.
8. Folio of reports, 1967. Halifax, Regis_
tered Nurses' Association of Nova Scotia.
SSp.
9. Hospital industrial engineering, a guide
to the improvement of hospital manage-
ment systems by Harold E. Smalley and
John R. Freeman. New York, Reinhold,
c1966. 460p.
I \. Inter-University Faculty Work Con-
ference, Third, Cape Cod, Mass.. June 20-
14, 1966 Proceedings, prepared by Winifred
H. Griffin. Winchester, Mass., New Eng-
land Board of Higher Education, 1966.
70p.
12. The McPherson experiment; expand-
ing community hospital services by John R.
Griffith, Lewis E. Weeks ond James H.
SulIivan. Ann Arbor, Bureau of Hospital
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prevent contamination. It was de-
veloped for Autoclaving with the
help of medical, paper, printing,
adhesive, and chemical experts.
The Autolope is available now in
an approved range of sizes. An-
other new envelope idea from. . .
Envelope Division
Ii
The Company that
enjoys the business it's in.
Envelopes. Stationery. Textbooks
TORONTO. MONTREAL. VANCOUVER
WINNIPEG. KINGSTON. BRANTFORD
THE CANADIAN NURSE 55
accession list
Administration, Univ. of Michigan, 1967.
337p.
13. Man and his family by Wilder Pen-
field. Foreword by Georges P. Vanier. Tor-
onto, McCeIland and Stewart, c1967. 93p.
14. Manuel alphabétique de psychiatrie
clinique et thérapeutique par Antoine Po-
rot. 3. éd. Paris, Presses Universitaires de
France, 1965. 583p.
15. Marriage and nursing: a survey of
registered and enrolled nurses by Gertrude
A. Ramsden and Muriel H. Skeet. London,
Dan Mason Nursing Research Committee,
1967. 112p.
16. One hundred years of medicine in
Canada by H. E. MacDermot, Toronto,
McCelland and Stewart, c1967. 224p.
17. Ontario school and university enrol-
ment projections to /98/-82 by Cicely Wat-
son and Saeed Quazi. Toronto, Ontario In-
stitute for Studies in Education, 1966. 68p.
18. Pediatric nursing by Helen C. Latham
and Robert C. Heckel with the collabora-
tion of Margaret C. Moore. St. Louis, Mos-
by, 1967. 516p.
19. Personal and community health by
C.E. Turner. 13th ed. St. Louis, Mosby,
1967. 448p.
20. Personal and community health test
manual by C.E. Turner. 13th ed. St. Louis,
Mosby, 1967. 94p.
21. A proposed plan for the orderly de-
velopment of nursing education in British
Columbia. Pt. one, basic nursing education.
Vancouver, Registered Nurses' Association
of British Columbia, 1967. 38p.
22. Prospects of the world food supply.
Proceedings of a symposium. Washington,
National Academy of Sciences, 1966. 84p.
23. Quiet evolution a study of the educa-
tional system of Ontario by Robin S. Har-
ris. Toronto, University of Toronto Press,
c1967. 168p.
24. The shifting scene, foundations for
strength. Papers presented at 22nd Confer-
ence of the Council Member Agencies of
the Dept. of Baccalaureate and Higher
Degree Programs, Seattle Nov. 16-18, 1966.
New York, National League for Nursing,
Dept. of Baccalaureate and Higher Degree
Programs, 1967. 42p.
25. Statewide planning for nursing edu-
cation by Lucile Petry Leone. Atlanta, Ga.,
Southern Regional Education Board, 1967.
42p.
26. Structure of the human body by
Weston D. Gardner and WiIliam A. Os-
burn. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1967. 417p.
pO
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ostomy
anatomical
demonstrator
"MINI-GUIDE"
"Mini-Guide" allows you to visually and
graphically perform Colostomy, Ileostomy I1eal-
Bladder, Wet Colostomy and Cutaneous Ureterostomy
surgery.
As an instructor, you are afforded a simple, effective method of teaching the surgical
mechanics and organs involved in ostomy surgery; as a student, you immediately see
and understand the procedures of ostomy surgery; and as a nurse, you have the per-
fect vehicle for visual demonstrations to the patient who is to undergo ostomy surgery.
The "Mini-Guide" anatomical demonstrator is priced at $1.00 on this money-back
offer 773 CN.
'
ÐÑITED SURGICAL
CDAPO"'ATION
ÞOFtT CHESTEFt . NEW YORK
56 THE CANADIAN NURSE
27. Technical, office and commercial
contract summary report. Ottawa, Canadian
Labour Congress, 1967. 3v.
28. Textbook of anatomy and physiology
by Catherine Parker Anthony. 7th ed. St.
Louis, Mosby, 1967. 585p.
29. Textbook of public health nursing by
Ethel L. Kallins. St. Louis, Mosby, 1967.
480p.
30. Workbook for gynecologic nursing by
Constance Lerch. St. Louis, Mosby, 1967.
121p.
PAMPHLETS
31. Appropriate functions of the licensed
practical nurse in nursing service. Afbany,
N.Y., New York State Nurses' Association,
1967. IIp.
32. Biology of fertility control by perio-
dic abstinence. Geneva, World Health Or-
ganization, 1967. 20p. (Its Technical Report
series no. 360).
33. Bylaws of National League for Nurs-
ing as amended May /967. New York, Na-
tional League for Nursing, 1967. 27p.
34. The Canadian Nurses' Association;
what it is; what it does. Ottawa, Canadian
Nurses' Association, 1967. 7p.
35. Change, collaboration, community in-
volment; a synthesis of views on nursing.
New York, National League for Nursing.
Committee on Perspectives, 1967. 12p.
36. Practical problems of using telemetry
in intensive care wards by G. Douglas Tal-
bott. Washington, National Aeronautics and
Space Administration, 1965. 5
IOp.
37. Professional examination service.
New York, American Public Health Asso-
ciation, 1967. 26p.
38. Report of joint committee of
RNABC/BC/T on nursing education. Van-
couver, Registered Nurses' Association of
British Columbia, 1966. 18p.
39. Self help Parkinson's disease by Do-
rothy Dent. Ottawa, 1967. 32p.
40. Statements on the recommendations
of the Ad Hoc Committee on Nursing Edu-
cation province of Saskatchewan. Regina,
Saskatchewan Registered Nurses' Associa-
tion, 1965? lOp.
41. Statements on the recommendations
of the report of the Minister of Health's
Committee on the Supply of Nurses. Win-
nipeg, Manitoba Association of Registered
Nurses, 1967. 26p.
GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS
Canada
42. Bureau of Statistics. Census of Ca-
nada, /966. Population counties and subdi-
visions. Ottawa, Queen's Printer, 1967. 4v.
(D.B.S. Cat. no. 92-603-606)
43. Bureau of Statistics. Salaries and qual-
ifications of teachers in universities and
colleges /966-67. Ottawa, Queen's Printer,
1967. 17p. (D.B.S. Cat. no. 81-203)
44. Bureau of Statistics. Survey of voca-
tional education and training /963-64. Ot-
tawa, Queen's Printer, 1967. 84p. (D.B.S.
Cat. no. 81-209)
OCTOBER 1967
accession list
45. Bureau of Statistics. Vital statIStICS
1965. Ottawa, Queen's Printer, 1967. 213p.
I
D.B.S. Cat. no. 84-202)
46. Dept. of Labour. Labour-manage-
I ment. Joint consultation at work: hospitals,
service industries, commercial enterprises.
Ottawa, Queen's Printer, 1967. 15p.
47. Dept. of National Health and Wel-
fare. Film library cataloRue. Ottawa,
Queen's Printer, 1967. I 85p.
48. Lois, statues etc. Codification des ac-
tes de I'Amérique du Nord Britannique
(1867 à 1965) préparé par Elmer A. Dried-
ger. Ottawa, Imprimeur de la Reine, 1967.
SOp.
49. Parliament. Special Joint Committee
of the Senate and House of Commons on
Divorce. Report. Ottawa, Queen's Printer,
1967. 99p.
50. Royal Commission on Health Ser-
vices. Pharmacist manpower in Canada by
Thomas M. Ross. Ottawa, Queen's Printer,
1967. 136p.
51. Science Council. Report, 1966/67.
38p.
New Brunswick
52. Royal Commission on Employer-Em-
ployee Relations in the Public Services of
New Brunswick. Report by Saul J. Frankel.
Fredericton, 1967. 102p.
Ontario.
53. Dept. of Health Environmental
Health Branch. Occupational health nursing
in Ontario; a report on results from a
questionnaire prepared by M.I. Hardy. Tor-
onto, 1967. 88p.
Quebec
54. Commission d'Enquête sur la Santé
et Ie Bien-être social. Rapport, volume 2,
les médecins internes et résidents. Québec
(ville), Gouvernement du Québec, 1967.
79p.
United States
55. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel-
fare. Public Health Service. Binocular vi-
sual acuity of adults by region and selected
demographic characteristics, United States
1960-62. Washington, U.S. Gov!. Print.
Off., 1967. 39p.
56. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel-
fare. Public Health Service. Ref.resher pro-
grams for inactive professional nurses; a
guide for development courses of study
Washington, U.S. Gov!. Print. Off., 1967.
SOp.
57. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel-
fare. Public Health Service. Toward im-
proved learning a collection of significant
reprints for the medical educator. Compiled
by the Public Health Service Audiovisual
Facility. Atlanta, 1967. 417p.
58. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel-
fare. Public Health Service, Division of
Nursing. How to determine nursing expen-
ditures in small health agencies, a proce-
dure using work units by Marion Ferguson.
Rev. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,
1966. 54p.
59. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel-
fare. Welfare Administration. Information
services in public welfare agencies by Ber-
nadette W. Hoyle. Washington, U.S. Govl.
Print. Off., 1967. 39p.
60. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel-
fare Administration. Open every door. The
goal for nursing homes and title VI of the
Civil Rights Act of 1964. Washington, U.S.
Gov!. Print. Off., 1967. 14p.
STUDIES IN CNA REPOSITORY COLLECTION
61. The colltribution of nursmg personnel
in an interdisciplinary approach to the care
of the aged in a particular institution by
Mary Oressa Hubbert. London, 1964. 176p.
Thesis (M.Sc.N) University of Western On-
torio. R
62. A study to explore the effect of a
planned, pre-operative nursing visit, with
post-operative reinforcement, on the amount
of analgesic used post-operatively by chol-
ecystectomy patients by Elsie Ruth Yvans
Dyche. Washington, 1966. 138p. Thesis (M.
N.) - Washington University."R 0
Request Form
for "Accession List"
CANADIAN NURSES'
ASSOCIATION LIBRARY
++++++++++
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++
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Tums
consume
93 times their
own weight
in excess
stomach
acid!
Send this coupon or facsimile to:
LIBRARIAN, Canadian Nurses' Association,
50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario.
Please lend me the following publications, listed in the
issue of The Canadian Nurse,
or add my name to the waiting list to receive them when
available.
Item Author Short title (for identification)
No.
Laboratory tesTS show Tums neu-
tralize 93 fimes their own weight
in excess stamach acids. and that
they maintain a balanced level for
long periods, foo. Tums go to work
in seconds on gas, hearfburn and
indigestion. And they taste pleas-
antly minty, need no water and
cost so very little. Those are the
facts. So nexf time your tummy
gives you a furn. give Tums a fry.
They're worth their weight in goldl
Request for loans will be filled in order of receipt.
Reference and restricted material must be used in the
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Borrower
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Position
think how fast they'll work
on your tummy upsets!
OCTOBER 1%7
Address
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Date of request
THE CANADIAN NURSE 57
classified advertisements
ALBERTA
Registered Nunes required for a 51-bed active
treatment hospital, situated in east central Alberto.
Salary range from $400 to $460 commensurate with
experience. Full maintenance in new nurses' resid-
ence for $40 per month, sick leave and pension
benefits available, 4O-hour work week, 21 days plus
statutory holidays after the first year, and 28 days
plus statutory holidays after five years. For further
information kindly contact: W.N. Saranchuk, Admin-
istrator, Elk Point, Municipal Hospital, Elk Point,
Alberto. 1-34.1
Registered Nunes for General Duty in a 32-bed
hospital. Boord and Room $40.00 per month. Salary
range $390.00 to $475.00. For further information
contact: The Director of Nursing, St. Theresa Hos-
pitol, Ft. Vermilion, Alberto.
Ballano General Hospital _require, Nun.. for General
Duty. Active treatment 30-bed hospital in the ranching
area of southern Alberto. Town on Number I trans.
Canedo Highway mid-way between the cities of
Calgary and Medicine Hot. Nurses on stoff must be
willing and able to toke responsibility in all depart-
ments of nursing, with the exception of the Operating
Room. Single rooms available in comfortable residen-
ce on hospital grounds at a nominal rate. Apply to:
Mrs. M. Hislop, Administrator and Director of Nurs-
ing, Bassono General Hospital, Bassono, Alberto.
General Duty Nurses for active, accredited, well-
equipped 64-bed hospital in growing town, population
3,500. Salaries range from $380-$440 commensurate
with experience, other benefits. Nurses residence.
Excellent personnel policies and working conditions.
New modern wing opened this year. Good commu-
nications to lorge nearby cities. Apply Director of
Nursing, Brooks General Hospital, Brooks, Alberto.
1-13-IB
ADVERTISING
RATES
FOR ALL
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING
$10.00 for 6 lines or less
$2.00 for each additional line
Rates for display
advertisements on request
Closing date for copy and cancellation is
6 weeks prior to 1st day of publication
month.
The Canadian Nurses' Association has
not yet reviewed the personnel policies
of the hospitals and agencies advertising
in the Journal. For authentic information,
prospective applicants should apply to
the Registered Nurses' Association of the
Province in which they are interested
in working.
Address correspondence to:
The
Canadian
Nurse
ð
'Ç7
50 THE DRIVEWAY
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO.
58 THE CANADIAN NURSE
I I
ALBERTA
GENERAL DUTY NURSES - Salary range - $4,320
to $5,460 per annum, 40 hour week. Modern living-
in facilities available at moderate rates, if desired.
Civil Service holiday, sick leave and pension bene-
fits. Starting salary commensurate with training
and experience. Apply to: Superintendent of Nurses,
Boker Memorial Sanatorium, Box 72, Calgary,
Alberto. 1-14.3 A
GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 94-bed General Hos-
pital located in Alberto's unique Badlands. $380-
$440 per month, approved AARN and AHA per-
sonnel policies. Apply to: Miss M. Hawkes, Director
of Nursing, Drumheller General Hospital, Drumhel-
ler, Alberto. 1-31-2A
General Duty Nurses for 64.bed active treatment
hospital, 35 miles south of Calgary. Salary range
$380 - $450. Living accommodation available in sep-
orate residence if desired. Full maintenance in
residence $45.00 per month. Excellent Personnel
Policies and working conditions. Please apply to:
The Director of Nursing, High River General Hos-
pital, High River, Alberto. 1-46-IA
GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Modern 26.bed hospital
close to Edmonton. 3 buses doily. Salary $380 to
$450 per month commensurate with experience.
Residence available at $40.00 per month. Excellent
personnel policies. Apply: Director of Nursing,
Mayerthorpe Municipal Hospital, Mayertharpe, Al-
berto. 1.61-1
General Duty Nurling positions ore available in a
100-bed convalescent rehabilitation unit forming
port of a 330-bed hospital complex. Residence
available. Salary 1967 - $380 to $450. per mO.
1968 - $405 to $485. Experience recognized. For
full particulars contact Director of Nursing Service,
Auxiliary Hospital, Red Deer, Alberto.
General Duty Nunes required by 150-bed general
hospital presently expanding to 230 beds. Salary
1967, $380 to $450; 1968 - $405 to $485. Experi-
ence recognized. Residence available. For particulars
contact Director of Nursing Service, Red Deer
General Hospital, Red Deer, Alberto.
General Duty Nune for modern 50-bed active hospital
in Central Alberto, on highway #20. Salary $380-
$450, 40 hour week, Pension plan, Blue Cross &
M.S.1. available. Full maintenance $45.00. Full re-
cognition of post service upon proof. Apply to Ad-
ministrator, Ponoka General Hospital, Box 699 Pono-
ka, Alberto.
Public Health Nurse required by the Athabasca
Health Unit sub-office at Lac La Biche, Alberto.
P.H.N. preferred, R.N. considered. Salary in accord-
ance with experience and qualifications. For further
information apply Medical Officer of Health, Atha-
basca Health Unit, Box 1140, Athabasca, Alberto.
Nunes required for a 50-bed AUXILIARY HOSPITAl
in town of 4000. Salay range $380 - $450. Experi-
ence recognized. Residence accommodation avail-
able. Policies available on request. Apply to Mrs.
A. Tetarenka, R.N., Director of Nursing, Wainwright-
Provost Auxiliary Hospital, Wainwright, Alberto.
BRITISH COLUMBIA
ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL, VICTORIA, B.C.: Invites
B.C. Registered Nurses (or those eligible) to apply
for these positions: SUPERVISOR for a 42-bed Psychia-
tric Unit. HEAD NURSE for modern Post-Operative
Recovery Room. GENERAL STAFF for Psychiatric Unit.
Apply indicating preparation and experience to:
Director of Nursing, Victoria, British Columbia.
2-76-4A
Operating Room Head Nurse ($464 - $552), General
Duty Nurses (B.C. Registered $405 - $481, non-Regis-
tered $390) for fully accredited 113.bed hospital in
N.W. B.C. Excellent fishing, skiing, skating, curling
and bowling. Hot springs swimming nearby. Nurses'
residence, room $20 per month. Cafeteria meals.
Apply: Director of Nursing, Kitimat General Hospital,
Kitimat, British Columbia. 2-36.1
I I
BRITISH COLUMBIA
OPERATING ROOM SUPERVISOR required for 121-
bed active General Hospital situated in the Okano-
gan Volley. Advanced preparation preferred. Bosic
1967 salary - $468. RNABC policies in effect. Ap_
ply: Director of Nursing, Penticton Hospital, Pentic-
ton, British Columbia.
REGISTERED, GRADUATE NURSES and PRACTICAL
NURSES - For modern 70-bed accredited hospital
on Vancouver Island, B.C. Resort area - Home of
the tyee salmon. Four hours travelling time to City
of Vancouver, RNABC policies and Union Contracl
in effect. Residence accommodation available. Direct
enquiries to:-Director of Nursing Services, Camp-
bell River & District General Hospital, Campbell
River, British- Columbia.
B.C. R.N_ for General Duty in 32 bed General Hospi-
tal. RNABC 1967 salary rate $390 - $466 and fringe
benefits, modern, comfortable, nurses' residence in
attractive community close to Vancouver, B.C. For
application form write: Director of Nursing, Fraser
Canyon Hospital, R.R. I, Hope, B.C. 2-30-1
Registered or non.registered General Duty Nurses
ond Nursing Assistants (3 required immediately)
for new 31-bed, active treatment hospital, located
in the South Cariboo. Personnel policies in ac-
cordance with RNABC. Nurses' residence available.
Apply in writing to: Director of Nursing, 100 Mile
Districl General Hospital, tOO Mile House, British
Columbia. 2-50-2
General Duty Nurses for active 30-bed hospital.
RNABC policies and schedules in effecl, also North-
ern allowance. Accommodations available in res-
idence. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital,
Fort Nelson, British Columbia. 2-23-1
General Duty Nurses for modern 85.bed hospital.
Salary $390.00 to $466.00. Recognition for experi-
ence. Industry - gas, oil and agriculture. Situated
60 miles from Peace River Dam Project. Apply:
Director of Nursing, Providence Hospital, Fort St.
John, B.C. 2.24-1
GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Must be able to gain B.C.
Registrotion within three months. Fully Accredited
Hospital. Rogers Pass Area Trans Canada Highway.
Comfortable Nurses Home. RNABC Agreement in
effecl. Apply: Golden & District General Hospital,
P.O. Box 1260, Golden, British Columbia.
General Duty Nurses for new 30-bed hospital
located in excellent recreational area. Salary and
personnel policies in accordance with RNABC. Com-
fortable Nurses' home. Apply: Direclor of Nursing,
Boundary Hospital, Grand Forks, British Columbia.
2.27-2
GENERAL DUTY NURSES - for 109-bed hospital in
expanding Northwestern British Columbia City. Salary
$405 10 $481 for B.C. Registered Nurses with recogni.
tion for experience. RNABC contract in effect. Gradu-
ate Nurses not registered in B.C. paid $390. Benefits
include comprehensive medical and pension plans
Travel allowance up 10 $60 refunded after one
year's service. Comfortable, modern residence accom-
modation at $15 per month, meals at cost. Apply to:
Director of Nursing, Prince Rupert General Hospital,
551-5th Avenue East, Prince Rupert, B.C. 2-58.2A
General Duty Nunes for well-equipped 63-bed gen-
eral hospital in beautiful inland Volley adjacent
Lake Kathlyn and Hudson Boy Glacier. Booting,
fishing, swimming, golfing, curling, skating, skiing.
Salary $390 - $405. Maintenance $60.00, 40 hour -
5 day week, Vocation with pay - Comfortable, at-
tractive nurses' residence. Apply to: Director of
Nursing, Bulkley Volley District Hospital, P.O. Box
370, Smithers, B.C. 2.67-1
General Duty Nune for 54-bed active hospital in
northwestern B.C. Salaries: B.C. Registered $405, B.C.
Non-Registered, $390, RNABC personnel policies
in effect. Planned rotation. New residence, room and
board: $55/m. T.V. and good social activities.
Write: Director of Nursing, Box 1297, Terrace, British
COlumbia. 2-70-2
GRADUATE NURSES: For permanent stoff or holiday
relief. In active 164-bed acute General Hospital
with full accreditation, located in the Columbia
River Volley in southeastern British Columbia. Un-
OCTOBER 1967
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COME . . . Where the ACTION Is!
Come to exciting Albany Medical Cent
r, the fastest growing
teaching hospital in upstate New York. Our benefits and job
opportunities for nurses are the best ever. And there's lots
to do when you're off duty, including thrilling horse racing
at Saratoga . . . your choice of the best ski slopes in the
northeast . . . concerts by the Philadelphia and Boston
Symphony Orchestras, which make their summer homes in the
vicinity. . . and the countless attractions of nearby New York
City. For details on what we have to offer you, send for our
free booklet, "Albany Medical Center Nurse."
Albany Medical Center Hospital
OCTOBER 1967
-
-
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01:
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Action at Saratoga Raceway
.
.
. Mrs. Helen F. Middleworth, Director, Nursing Service
. Albany Medical Center Hospital
· Albany, New York 12208
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Please send me a free copy of your nursing booklet.
NAME........................................ ...
ADDRESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CAN
CITY. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . STATE. .. .. .. . . . . ZIP. . . . . .. ..
THE CANADIAN NURSE 59
aRITISH COLUMalA
limited social and sports activities induding golf,
tennis swimming, skiing and curling. 40 hour week:
Starti,;g salary after registration $390 rising to $466.
Four weeks annual vocation, 10 statutory holidays,
I "'" days sick leave per month cumulative to 120
days. Employer-emplayee participation in medical
coverage and superannuation. Residence accommoda-
tion. For further information apply to: Director of
Nursing, Troil.Todonoc Hospital, Troil, British Co-
lumbia.
Generat Duty Nurses needed for active 45-bed
hospital - Central B.C. R.N.A. salary scale and
personnel policies in effect. Salary recognition
given far experie-nce. Overtime paid. Modern
Nurses' Residence available. New hospital planned
for neor future. Write Director of Nursing, St.
John Hospital, Vanderhoof, B.C.
General Duty and Operating Room Nurses for 70-bed
Acute General Hospital on Pacific Coast. B.C. Regis.
tered $390 - $466 per month (Credit for experience).
Non B.C. Registered $375 - Practical Nurses B.C. Li-
censed $273 - $31 I per month. Non Registered $253.
$286 per month. Boord $20 per month, room $5.00 per
month. 20 paid holidays per year and 10 statutory
holidays after I year. Fore paid from Vancouver.
Superannuation and medical plans. Apply: Director of
Nursing, St. George's Hospital, Alert Bay, British
Columbia. 2-2-1 A
General Duty, O.R. and experienced Obstetrical
Nurses for moder", ISO-bed hospital located in the
beautiful Fraser Volley. Personnel policies in ac-
cordance with RNABC. Apply to: Director of Nursing,
Chilliwack General Haspifal, Chilliwack, British Co.
lumbia. 2.13-1
General Duty, Operating Raam and Experienced
Obstetrical Nurses for 434-bed hospital with school
of nursing. Solary: $390 - $466. Credit for post ex-
perience and postgraduate training. 40-hr. wk. Stat.
utory holiday.. Annual incrementa; cumulative lick
leave; pension plan; 28-days annual vocation; B.C.
registration required. Apply: Director of Nursing,
Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, British
Columbia. 2-73-t3
General Duty and Operating Room Nurses for
modern 450-bed hospital with School of Nursing.
RNABC policies in effect. Credit for post experience
and postgraduate training. British Columbia registra-
tion required. For particulars write to: the Director of
Nursing Service, St. Joseph's Hospital, Victoria, Bri-
tish Columbia. 2-76-5
GRADUATE NURSES for 24-bed hospital, 35-mi. from
Vancouver, on coast, salary and personnel prac-
tices in accord with RNABC. Accommodation availa.
ble. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital,
Squamist., British Columbia. 2-68-1
Graduate Nurs.. for busy 21-bed hospital, prefer-
ably with obstetrical experience. Friendly at-
mosphere, beautiful beoches, local curling club.
Own room and board $40 month. Salary $390 for
Gen. Duty Registered Nurses; Solary $375 for non-
Registered Nurse, plus recognition for post graduate
experience. Apply: Matron, Tofino General Hos-
pital, Tofino, Vancouver Island, British Columbia.
2.71-1
puauc HEALTH NURSES: B.C. Civil Service. Salary:
$476-$580 per month, cor provided. Interesting and
challenging professional service with opportunities for
transfer throughout beautiful B.C. Apply to: B.C.
Civil Service Commission, 544 Michigan Street,
VICTORIA. B.C.
COMPETITION No. 67:57. 2-76-7
MANITOBA
Director of Nursing wonted for 20-bed hospital in
Southwestern Manitoba. Living-in accommodation
available in Residence. Personnel Policies include a
wide range of fringe benefits. Salary negotiable on
basis of past experience and qualifications. Please
direct enquiries to Mr. J. G. Donald, Administrator,
Reston Community Hospital, Reitan, Manitoba.
General Duty Registered Nurses for 34-bed hospital.
Solary $395 to $455. Four annual increments of
$t5. Forty hour week equivalent. For particulars
and personnel policies contact Director of Nurses,
Souri. District Hospital, Souris, Manitoba.
60 THE CANADIAN NURSE
I I
MANITOaA
REGISTERED NURSES REQUIRED. Applications are in-
vited for positions in our 77-bed Acute Hospital
located in the progressive town of Selkirk. Appli-
cants with the three year diploma course are pre-
ferred. Head Nurse experience will be considered.
Residence accommodation is available. The town has
excellent accommodation for married stoff. Solary
will depend on qualifications and experience. Per-
sonnel policies, fringe benefits, etc., are excellent.
Please apply to Mrs. Freida Stevens, Director of
Nursing, Selkirk General Hospital, 161 Idell Ave.,
Selkirk, Manitoba.
Registered Nurse for 18-bed hospital at Vito, Manitoba,
70 miles from Winnipeg. Doily bus service. Salary
range $390 - $475, with allowance for experience.
40 hour week, 10 statutory holidays, 4 weeks paid
vocation after one year. Full maintenance available
for $50 per month. Apply: Matron, Vito District
Hospital, Vito, Manitoba. 3-68-1
NOVA SCOTIA
Registered Nurses for 21-bed hospital in pleasant
community - Eastern Shore of Novo Scotia. Apply:
Superintendent, Eastern Shore Memorial Hospital,
Sheet Harbour, Novo Scotia. 6-32.1
REGISTERED NURSES for 53-bed medium and long-
term active treatment hospital in a progressive city.
Particulars on request. Apply to: Director of Nursing,
Halifax Civic Hospital, 5938 University Avenue, Hali-
fox, Novo Scotia. 6-17-10 A
Registered and Graduate Nurses far General Duty.
New hospital with all modern conveniences, also,
new nurses' residence available. South Shore Com-
munity. Apoly to: Superintendent, Queens General
Hospital, Liverpool, Novo Scotia. 6-20-1
GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Positions available for
Registered Qualified General Duty Nurses for 138-
bed active treatment hospital. Residence aCcom.
modation available. Applications and enquiries will
be received by: Director of Nursing, Blanchard-fraser
Memorial Hospital, Kentville, Novo Scotia. 6-19-1
General Duty Nurses: l6-bed hospital located Cope
Breton Notional Pork: Accommodations available:
Apply to Matron, Buchanon Memorial Hospital,
Neil's Harbour, Novo Scotia.
ONTARIO
Director of Nursing Services. Simcoe County Health
Unit. Applicants for this position will hold a degree
in nursing and will have at least five years' ex-
peirence in administration. for further information
apply in writing to: Dr. P.A. Scott, Director, Simcoe
County Health Unit, Court House, Barrie, Onto
Regiltered Nurse and Technician required for O.R.
Deportment of 81-bed hospital. Apply: Director of
Nursing, Alexandra Morine and General Hospital,
Goderich, Ontario. 7-51-1
Registered Nursel for 18-bed (expanding to 36-bed)
General Hospital in Mining and Resort town of 5,000
people. Beautifully located on Wawa Lake, 140 miles
north of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Wide variety of
summer and winter sports including swimming, boot-
ing, fishing, golfing, skating, curling and bowling.
Six churches of different faiths. Salaries comparable
with all northern hospitals. Limited bed and board
available at reasonable rate. Excellent personnel
policies, pleosant working conditions. HEAD NURSE
OPERATING ROOM NURSE with some formal pre-
paration andlor adequate experience. Apply to:
Director of Nursing, The Lady Dunn General Hos-
pital, Box 179, Wawa, Ontario.
Registered Nune. and Regist.red Nursing Assistan,.
(immediately) for 32-bed hospital in northwestern
Ontario. Please apply to: Director of Nursing, Ati-
kokan General Hospital, Atikakan, Ontario. 7-5.1
OPERATING ROOM NURSE and CENTRAL SUPPLY
SUPERVISOR: wonted for 50.bed hospital. State ex.
perience and references. Apply to: Administrator,
Sougeen Memorial Hospital, Southampton, Ontario.
I I
ONTARIO
REGISTERED NURSES required immediately for 53-
bed hospital. Minimum salary $415. Three weeks
vocation, pension, I ife and medical insurance, 8
statutory holidays, 40 hour week. Air, roil and rood
communication. Northern hospitality. Apply to: Direc.
tor of Nurses, Porcupine General Hospital, South
Porcupine, Onto 7-123-1
Registered Nurses for 34-bed hospital, min. salary
$415 with regular annual increments to maximum
of $495. 3-wk. vocation with pay; sick leave after
6-mo. service. All Stoff - 5 day 40-hr. wk., 9
statutory hol idays, pension plan and other benefits.
Apply to: Superintendent, Englehart & District Hos-
pital, Englehart, Ontario. 7-40-1
REGISTERED NURSES (IMMEDIATELY) for a new 40-
bed hospital. Nurses' residence - private rooms with
both - $20 per month. Minimum salary $415 plus
experience allowance, 4 semi-annual increments.
Reply to: The Director of Nursing, Geraldton District
Hospital, Geraldton. Ontario. 7-50.1 A
Registered Nurse for Nursing Home. Refresher course
unnecessary. Five-day week, no weekends. Good
opportunity. For particulars write Box 920, Picton,
Ontario.
Nursing Positions - for REGISTERED NURSES; for
325-bed fully accredited active General Hospital -
centrally located in the city; for further information
write to the Director of Nursing, THE DOCTORS
HOSPITAL, 45 Brunswick Avenue, Toronto 4, On-
tario.
REGtSTERED NURSES ore required for a lOS-bed
hospital in South Western Ontario. Solary per RNAO
schedule, pension plan, good personnel policies and
fringe benefits. Apply to: Mrs. MJ. Grant, R.N.,
Director of Nurses, County of Bruce General Hos-
pital, Walkerton, Ontario.
Registered Nurses and Regist.red Nuning Assistants
for loo-bed General Hospital, situated in Northern
Ontario. Salary range $415 - $455 per month, RNA's
$273 _ $317 per month, shift differential, annual
increments, 40 hour week, OHSC and P.S.1. plans in
effect. Accommodation available in residence if
desired. For full particulars apply to: The Director
of Nurses, Lady Minto Hospital, Cochrane, Ontario.
7-30-1 B
Registered Nune. and Registered Nuning Assistantl
are invited to make application to our 75-bed,
modern General Hospital. You will be in the Vaca-
tionland of the North, midway between the Lakehead
and Winnipeg, Manitoba. Basic wage for Registered
Nurses is $408 and for Registered Nursing Assistants
is $285 with yearly increments and consideration for
experience. Write or phone: The Director of Nursing,
Dryden District General Hospital, DRYDEN, Ontario.
7-26-1 A
Registered Nurses and Registered Nur.ing Assistant.
for 160-bed accredited hospital. Starting salary $415
and $285 respectively with regular annual incre-
me"ts for both. Excellent personnel pol icies. Resid.
ence accommodation ova ilable. Apply to: Director of
NurSIng, Kirkland & District Hospital, Kirkland Lake,
Ontario. 7.67-1
Registered Nur.es and Revistered Nursing Allistan.s.
Starting Salary for R.N. is $415 and for R.N.A. is $300.
Allowance for experience. Excellent fringe benefits.
Write: Mrs G. Gordon, Superintendent, Nipigon Dis-
trict Memorial Hospital, Box 37, Nipigon, Ontario.
7-87-1
Registered Nurse and Registered Nursing ASlis'antl
in modern loo-bed hospital, situated 40 miles from
Ottowa. Excellent personnel policies. Residence
accommodation available. Apply to: Director of
Nursing, Smiths Falls Public Hospital, Smiths Falls,
Ontario. 7-t20-2A
Registered Nune. and Regist.red Nursing ASlistan',
for 83-bed General Hospital in French speak ing com-
munity of Northern Ontario. R.N.'s salary: $420 to
$465/m., 4 weeks vocation, 18 sick leove days and
R.N.A.'s salary: $300 to $340/m., 2 weeks vocation
and 12 sick leave days. Unused sick leave is paid
at 100
. Rooming accommodations available in
town and meals served at the Hospital. Excellent
personnel policies. Apply to: Director of Nursing,
Notre-Dome Hospital, Heorst, Ontario. 7-58-1
REGISTERED NURSES for General Duty in 29-bed
active treatment hospital. Solary $415 to $455. 3
week vocation, 8 Statutory holidays. 40 hour week.
Excellent personnel policies. Apply - Administratrix,
Bingham Memoriai Hospital, Matheson, Ontario.
OCTOBER 1967
THE PROVINCE
DEPARTMENT
OF
OF
ONTARIO
HEALTH
NORTHERN ONTARIO PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE
ANNOUNCES VACANCIES FOR
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES
SALARY: $5,750 - $6,600
EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 1968 - $6,000 - $6,900
Nurses are required in Northern Ontario to assess health problems and to organize corrective pro.
grams. Typical duties include maintaining a school health service, carrying out a home visiting program,
organizing and participating in a community immunization program, performing emergency nursing ser-
vices, and advising health and welfare agencies and service groups regarding public health matters.
QUALIFICATIONS:
Registration as a nurse in Ontario and a recognized certificate in public health nursing. Two years
acceptable experience in public health nursing or a related field. Personal suitability. Ownership of an
automobile.
Fringe benefits include generous retirement plan, health and life insurance, paid annual vaca-
tions, annual merit increases, and sick leave credits.
Qualified persons are invited to submit their applications to:
@
ONTARIO
PROVINCE OF OPPORTUNITY
DIRECTOR OF PERSONNEL AND ORGANIZA nON
ROOM 5424, WHITNEY BLOCK
PARLIAMENT BUILDINGS, TORONTO 5, ONTARIO
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPIT At
TORONTO, ONTARIO
REGISTERED NURSES
and
REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS
7ao-bed fully accredited hospifaJ provides
experience in Operating Room. Recovery
Room. Intensive Care Unit, Pediafrics
Orfhopedics. Psychiatry. General Surgery
and Medicine.
Orientation and Acfive Inservice program
for all sfaff.
Salary is commensurate wifh preparation
and experience.
Benefits include Canada Pension Plan.
Hospital Pension Plan. Group Life Insu-
rance. After 3 months, cumulative sick
leave - Ontario Hospital Insurance -
50% payment by hospital.
Rotating Periods of dufy - 40 hour week.
8 sfafufory holidays - annuoJ vacafion
3 weeks after one year.
Apply:
Assistant Director of
Nuning Service
ST. JOSEPHrS HOSPITAL
30 The Queensway
Toronto 3, Ontario
OCTOBER 1%7
REGISTERED
NURSES
Required by
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH
Wascana Hospital,
Regina, Sask.
COMPETITION NUMBER:
clc 956
SALARY RANGE:
$387-$482. Usual Civil Service
Benefits.
DUTIES:
For general duty nursing in this
300-bed hospital specializing in
programs for chronic diseases
and physical medicine.
For application forms: Apply to
the Public Service Commission,
Room 328, legislative Bldg.,
Regina, Sask.
For lurther inlormation, apply:
Administrator
WASCA"A HOSPITAL
Regina, Saskatchewan
REGISTERED NURSES
REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS
lor
GENERAL DUTY
In modern fully accredited 300-
bed hospital located in a thriv-
ing industrial city. Excellent
working conditions, 9 statutory
holidays, 3 weeks annual vaca-
tion, 40 hour week.
Apply giving lull particulars to:
Personnel Director
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Sault Ste. Marie
Ontario
THE CANADIAN NURSE 61
ONTARIO
REGISTERED NURSES and REGISTERED NURSING
ASSISTANTS required for loo-bed hospital in the
Model Town of the North. All usual fringe benefits,
living-in accommodation. Salary range for general
duty nurses $415-$485 depending on qualificotions
and experience. Registered Nursing Assistants $290-
$346. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Sensenbren.
net Hospital, Kopuskosing, Ontario.
Registered or Graduate Nurses, required for modern
92-bed hospital. Residence accommodation $20 month-
ly. Overseas nurses welcome. Lovely old Scottish
Town neor Ottawa. Apply: Director of Nursing. The
Great War Memorial Hospital, Perth, Ontario. 7-100-2
Registered Nurse. for General Duty in well-equipped
28-bed hospital, located in growing gold mining
and tourist area, north of Kenora, Ontario. Modern
residence with individual rooms; room, board and
uniform laundry only $50/m, 40-hr. wk_, no split shift,
cumulative sick time, 8 statutory holidays and 28
day paid vacation offer one year. Starting salary
$430. Apply 10: Matron, Margaret Cochenour Memo-
rial Hospital, Cochenour, Ontorio. 7-29-1
REGISTERED NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active
accredited well equipped 28-bed ho.pital. 30 miles
from Ottowa. Residence accommodation. Good per.
sonnel policies. Apply to: Administratrix, Kemptville
District Hospital, Kemptville, Ontario. 7-63-1
Regi.tered General Duty Nurse. required for 81-bed
ho.pitol. Salary range $400-$445 per month accord-
ing to experience and qualifications. Residence ac-
commodation available. Attractive new hospital, good
working conditions. Apply: Directar of Nursing,
Alexandra Marine and General Hospital, Gaderich,
Ontario. 7-51-1 A
Regi.tered Nur.e. for General Duty in loo-bed hos-
pital, located 3()..mi. from Ottowa, are urgently re-
Quired. Good personnel policies, accommodation
availoble in new stoff residence. Apply: Director of
Nursing, District Memorial Hospital, Winchester, On-
tario. 7-144-1
Regi.tered Nur.e. for General Staff and Operating
Room. Accredited 235-bed. modern, General Hospital.
Good personnel pol icies. Beginning .alary $400 per
month, recognition for experience, annual bonus plan.
Planned in-service programs. Assistance with trans-
portation. Apply: Director of Nursing, Sudbury Me-
morial Hospital, Regent Street, S., Sudbury, Ontario.
7-127-4 A
General Duty Nur.e. for 66-bed General Hospital.
Starting salary: $405/m. Excellent personnel policies.
Pension plan, life insurance, etc., residence accom-
modation_ Only to min. from downtown Buffalo.
Apply: Director of Nursing, Douglas Memorial Ho.-
pital, Fort Erie. Ontario_ 7-45-1
General Duty Nur.e. for loo-bed madern hospital.
Southwestern Ontario, 32 mi. from London. Salory
commensurate with experience and ability; $398/m
ba.ic salary. Pension plan. Apply giving full par.
ticulars to: The Director of Nurses, District Memorial
Hospital, Tillsonburg, Ontario. 7-131-1
General Duty Nurles, Certified Nuning Assistants &
Operating Room Technician (I) for new SO-bed ho.-
pital with modern equipment, 40-hr. wk_, 8 statutory
holidays, excellent personnel policies & opportunity
for advancement. Tourist town on Georgian Boy.
Good bus connections to Toronto. Apply to: Director
of Nurses, General Hospital, Meaford, Ontario. 7-79-1
General Staff Nur.e. and Regi.tered Nur.ing A..is-
tants are required for a modern, well-equipped General
Hospital currently expanding to 167 beds. Situated in
a progressive community in South Western Ontario, 30
miles from Windsor-Detroit Border. Salary scaled to
experience and Qualifications. Excellent employee
benefits and working conditions plus on opportunity
to work in a Patient Centered Nursing Service. Write
for further informotion to: Miss Patricia McGee, B.
Sc.N., Reg.N. Director of Nursing, leamington District
Memorial Hospital, Leamington, Ontario. 7-69-1 A
OPERATING ROOM NURSES (2) for a fully ac-
credited 70-bed General Hospital. For Operating
Room Duty. Salary according to experience. Apply to:
O.R. Supervisor, Penetanguishene General Hospital.
Penetangui.hene, Ontario. 7-99-2
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES for generalized programme
beginning September, 1967.. Salary range $5,000 ta
$6,000. Personnel policies include car expense, Omers
and Canada pension plans, group life insurance,
50
of P.S.I. and hospital insurance, cumulative
lick leave plan and liberal vocation. Vacancies
are available in the City af Belleville. Apply to
Dr. C.R. Lenk, Director, Medical Offiær of Health,
Ha.tings & Prince Edward Counties Health Unit, 266
Pinnacle Street, Belleville, Ontario.
62 THE CANADIAN NURSE
I I
ONTARIO
Qualified Public Health Nurse. required far expand-
ing generalized program in leading resort area.
Attractive salary ranges, fringe benefits, and travel
allowance. For full details please cantact: W. H.
Bennell, M_D., D_P.H., Medical Officer of Health,
Muskoka and District Health Unit. Box 1019, Brace-
bridge. Ontario. 7-15-2
Public Health Nur.e. - General Program. Salary
Range $5,666 to $6,926 by Increments of $157 at
intervals of six months. Starting salary related to
experience. Generous Cor Allowance. Cumulative
Sick Leave, One Month's Vacation. Employer shared
pension plan, medical and hospital insurance. Ap-
ply 10: Dr. E. G. Brown, Kent County Health Unit,
21 Seventh Street. Chatham, Ontario.
Public Health Nurse, for generalized programme in
a County-City Health Unit_ Salary schedule $5,400
to $6,600 per annum. 20 days vacation. Employer
shared pension plan, P .S_I. and hospital ization.
Mileage allowance or unit cars. Apply to: Miss
Veronica O'Leary, Supervisor of Public Health Nurs-
ing. Peterborough County.City Health Unit, P.O_
Box 246, Peterborough, Ontario. 7-101-4A
Public Health Nurse. wanted for scenic urban and
rural health unit, close to the capitol city, in the
upper Ollowa Valley tourist area. Good summer
and winter recreational facilities. Salary range
$5,192 - $6,107. Allowance for experience and/or
degree. Usual fringe benefits. Direct enquiries to
Miss R. Coyne, Supervisor of Nurses, Renfrew
County Health Unit. 169 William Street. Pembroke
Ontario.
Public Health Nurse. for generalized pragramme in
a Caunty-City Health Unit. Salary schedule $5,400
to $6,600 per annum. 20 days vacation. Employer
shared pension plan, P.S.I. and hospitalization.
Mileage allowance or unit cars. Apply 10: Miss
Veronica O'Leary, Supervi.or of Public Health Nurs-
ing, Peterborough County-City Health Unit, P.O.
Box 246. Peterborough, Ontario. 7-101-4A
Public Health Nur.e. for Health Unit in Northern
Ontario. Generalized Program. Good salary and
personnel policies. Apply: Supervisor of Nurses,
Porcupine Health Unit, Timmin., Ontaria. 7-132-2
QUEBEC
Regi.tered Nur.e. for 30-bed General Hospital. Hun-
tingdon is a small manufacturing town 50 miles
from centre of Montreal. There are excellent social
and recreational facil ities. Salaries as approved by
QHIS. Annual vocation 4 weeks, accumulated sick
leave. Blue Cross paid. Bonus for permanent night
shift. Full maintenance available for $43_50 per
month. Apply: Mrs. D. Hawley, R.N., Huntingdon
County Ho.pital. Huntingdon, Quebec. 9-29-1
REGISTERED NURSES for madern 80-bed general
hospital expanding to ISO beds, located in an at-
tractive, dynamic, sports oriented community 50
miles south of Montreal. Salaries and fringe bene-
fits comparable to Montreal. Apply to: Director of
Nursing, Brome-Missisquoi-Perkins Hospital, Cowans.
ville. P.Q.
OPERATING ROOM STAFF NURSES: (applications are
invited). In a modern 350-bed hospital. Salaries
commensurate with experience and postgraduate
education. Cumulative sick leave, 28 days annual
vocation, retirement plan and other I iberal fringe
benefits. Apply: Diredor of Nursing Service, St.
Mary's Hospital. 3830 Lacombe Avenue. Montreal
26, Quebec. -9-47-39A
SASKATCHEWAN
CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS: Regina General HospItal
School of Nursing, has opportunities, available in
a two-year program. Solary Range $529 - $676
with University Diploma. Apply to: Director of Nurs-
ing Education, Regina General Hospital, Regina,
Saskatchewan.
General Duty and Operating Room Nur.... also
C.rtified Nursing Assistants for 560-bed University
Hospital. Salary commensurate with experience and
preparations. Excellent opportunities to engage in
progressive nursing. Apply: Director of Personnel,
University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
I I
UNITED STATES
Regi.tered Nur.e. wanted for 78-bed General Hos-
pital. Starting salaries at $525 per month with
regular increments and .hift differential. Gaod per-
sonnel policies. Social activities include skiing and
boating. Must be eligible for Alaska registration.
Apply to: The Director of Nursing Service, St. Ann's
Hospital. 419 - 6th Street, Juneau. Alaska 99801.
15-2-3
DIRECTOR OF NURSING - A positian offering
challenge and apportunity for growth in a modern
70-bed hospital in La Mesa, Calif_, 10 miles aut of
San Diego. Administrative experience required,
bachelor'. degree preferred. Starling salary com-
mensurate with qualifications and experience. Liberal
fringe benefits. Apply Director of Nursing. Kai.er
Foundatian Haspitals. 4867 Sun.et Blvd., La. An-
geles, California.
REGISTERED NURSES - CALIFORNIA Progres.ive hos.
pital in San Joaquin Valley has openings for R.N:..
Located between San Francisca and Los Angeles near
mountain, ocean and desert resorts. Paid vocation,
paid sick leave, paid Blue Cross, disability insurance,
voluntary retirement plan. Salary range from $500 ta
$700 monthly. Write: Personnel Director, Mercy Hos.
pital. Bakersfield, California. 15-5-58A
REGISTERED NURSES - Southern California - Op-
portunities available - 368-bed modern hospital in
Medical-Surgical, Labor and Delivery, Nursery. Oper.
ating Room and Intensive ond Coronary Core Units.
Good salary and liberal fringe benefits. Continuing
inservice education program. located 10 miles from
Los Angeles near skiing, swimming, cultural and edu.
cational facilities. Temporary living accommodations.
Apply: Director of Nursing Service, Saint Joseph
Hospital, Burbank. California 91503. 15-5-63
REGISTERED NURSES needed for rapidly expanding
general hospital on the beautiful Peninsula near
Son Francisco. Outstanding policies and benefits
including generous sick leave and vocation accrual,
temporary accommodations at low cost, paid hos-
pital and major medical insurance, fully refundable
retirement plan, liberal shift differentials, no rot-
ation, exceptional in.service and orientation pro-
grams, sick leave conversion to vocation, paid life
insurance, tuition reimbursement. Salary range $598.
$727. Conlect Personnel Administrator, Peninsula
Hospital. 1783 EI Camina Real, Burlingame, Califor.
nia 94010.
Registered Nurses, Career satisfaction, interest and
professional growth unl imited in modern, JCAH aC A
credited 243-bed hospital. Located in one of Califor-
nia's finest areas, recreational, educational and cul-
tural advantoges are yours as well as wonderful
year-round climate. If this combination is what
you're looking for, contact us nowlStaff nurse en-
trance salary $575-$600 per month; increases to
$700 per month; supervisory positions at highe.t
rates. Special area and shift differentials to $454. per
month. Excellent benefits include free health and
life insurance, retirement, credit union and liberal
personne
policies. Professional staff appointments
avoilable in all clinical areas to those eligible far
Cal ifornia I icensure. Write today: Director of Nursing.
Eden Hospital. 20103 Lake Chabot Road, Castro Val-
ley, Cal ifornia_ 15-5-12
REGISTERED NURSES Opportunities available af
415-bed hospital in Medical-Surgical. Labor and
Delivery, Intensive Care, Operating Room and Psy-
chiatry. No rotation of shift, good salary, evening
and night differentials, liberal fringe benefit..
Temporary living accommodations available. Apply:
Miss Dolores Merrell, R.N., Personnel Director, Queen
of Angels Hospital. 2301 Bellevue Avenue. Los
Angeles 26, California. 15-5-3G
REGISTERED NURSES - SAN FRANCISCO Children's
Hospital and Adult Medical Center hospital for men,
women and children. California registration required.
Opportunities in all clinical areas. Excellent salaries,
differentials for evenings and nights. Holidays, voca-
tions, sick leave, life insurance, health insuronce and
employer-paid pension-plan. Applications and details
furnished on request. Contact Personnel Director, Chil-
dren's Hospital, 3700 California Street, Son Francisco
18, California. 15-5-4
REGISTERED NURSES: Mount Zion Hospital and Me.
dical Center's increased salary scoles now double our
attraction for nurses who find they can offord to live
by the Golden Gate. Expansion has created vacancies
for stoff and specialty assignments. Address enquiry
to: Personnel Deportment, 1600 Divis.adero Street, Son
Francisco, California 94115. An equal opportunity
employer. 15-5-4C
OCTOBER 1967
SUPERVISOR
and
GENERAL DUTY REGISTERED
NURSES
Required by
DOUGLAS HOSPITAL
(Children's Services)
Experience in pediatrics and child psy.
chiafry would be an advantage.
Further information of these challenging
positions can be obtained from:
The Director of Nursing
Children's Services
DOUGLAS HOSPITAL
6815 Lasalle Blvd.
Verdun, Quebec
INSTRUCTOR
e
JEFFERY HALE'S HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
1250 ST -FOY ROAD
QUEBEC 6, P .Q.
NORQUA Y.(ANORA
UNION HospnAL
inyites applications for two
GENERAL STAFF POSITIONS
This is a IS-bed fully modern hospital
located in the beautiful parkland area
of Soskafchewan. Solary commences at
$365.00 per month with adjustmenf for
experience and extra training. Living
accommodations in residence at $20.00
per month. Transportation costs will be
advanced.
For further policies write to:
Mrs. J. M. Keast
Director of Nursing Services
Canora Union Hospital
Canora, Sask.
OCTOBER 1967
,
,
One Gift Works Many Wonders
THE UNITED WAY
UNITED STATES
REGISTERED NURSES - General Duty for 84-bed
JCAH hospital 1'12 hours from San Francisco, 2
hours from the Lake Tahoe. Starting salary $600/m.
with differentials. Apply: Director of Nurses, Mem-
orial Hospital. Woodland, California. 15-5-498
Canadian School Registered Nurse Graduates -
Come to California: Join your friends at Suffer
Hospitals in Sacramento. Excellent pay, working
conditions and benefits. The gaod life in the best of
California. Staff P.M. .hift $640. Ngts. $630. P.M.
Surgery $680. Write: Personnel Dept., 2820 - L St.,
Secramento 95816.
AnENTION GENERAL DUTY NURSES. 297-bed fully
occredited County Hospital located 2 hrs. drive from
San Francisco, ocean beaches, and mountain resorts
in modern and progressive city af 40,000. 40 hr.
5 day wk., pd. vacation, pd. holiday., pd. sick
leave, retirement pion, social security and insur a
once pion. Meals at reasonable rates, uniforms
laundered without charge. Start $530 to $556 mO.
depending on experience plus shift and service
differentials. Merit increases to $644 mo. Must
be eligible for Calif. Registration. Write Director
of Nursing, Stanislaus County Hospital, 830 Scenic
Drive. Modesto. Cal ifornia 95350.
Staff Duty po.ition. (Nurses) in private 403-bec
hospital. liberal personnel policies and salary. Sub
stantial differential for evening and night duty.
Write: Personnel Director. Hospital of The Good
Samaritan, t212 Shatto Street, Las Angele. 17
California. 15-5-31
Nurse. for new 75-bed General Hospital. Resort
area. Ideal climate. On beautiful Pacific ocean.
Apply to: Director of Nurses, South Coast Com-
munity Ho.pital. South Laguna, California. 15-5-50
Wanted - General Duty Nur.... Applications now
being token for nursing positions in a new addi-
tion to the existing hospital including surgery, cen-
tral sterile and supply, general duty. Salary $550
per month plus fringe benefits. Contact: Director of
Nurses, Alamosa Community Hospital Alamosa,
Colorado. 15-6-1
GENERAL DUTY AND LICENSED PRACTICAL NURSES:
115-bed JCAH hospital on shores of Lake Okeecho-
bee. liberal personnel pol icies; starting salary for
RN's. $525 (for LPN's 5375) with 10% differential
for each group evenings and nights. Free meals;
nurses' residence available. Apply: Director of
Nurses, Glades General Hospital. Belle Glade, Flo-
rida 33430. 15-10-3A
Medical Technologi.t for small accredited hospital
in charming, historic town. Free room and board
with liberal personnel policies. Excellent working
conditions without pressure. Enquire, Administrator
Nantucket Hospital, Nantucket, Massacusetts, Tele-
phone 617-228-1200.
THE HOSPITAL
FOR
SICK CHILDREN
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Receive the advantages of:
1. Five-week orientation
gram for new staff.
pro-
2. Ongoing in-service education
for nurses.
3. Extensive student education
program.
4. Research Institute.
APPLICATION FOR GENERAL
DUTY POSITIONS INVITED
For information contact:
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING
555 University Avenue
Toronto, Canada
THE CANADIAN NURSE 63
UNITED STATES
REGISTERED NURSES: Excellent opportuniry for ad-
vancement in atmosphere of medical excellence. Pro
gressive patient core including Intensive Care and
Cardiac Care Unils. Finely equipped growing 200-bed
suburban communily hospiral on Chicago's beauliful
Norlh Shore. Modern, furnished apartments are
available for single professional women. Olher
fringe benefits include paid vacotion ofte, six
months, paid life insurance, 500/0 tuition refund and
slaff develapmenl program. Salary range from $550-
$660 per monlh plus shiff differenlial. Canlacl:
Donald l. Thompson. R.N.. Direclor of Nursing,
Highland Park Hospilal, Highland Park, Illinois
60035. 15-14-3C
Regist.red Nurse. and C.rtifi.d Nurling Alli.tan'..
Opening in severol oreas, all shifts. Every other week.
end off, in small communiry hospilal 2 miles from
BaSIon. Rooms available. Hospilal paid life insurance
and olher liberal fringe benefits. RN salary 5 lOOper
week, plus differential of 520 for 3-11 p.m. and
11-7 a.m. shifts. C.N. Ass'ts. $80 weekly plus $10 for
3-11 p.m. and 11-7 a.m. shifts. Must read, wrile.
and speak English. Wrile: Miss Byrne, Direcfor of
Nurses. Chelsea Memorial Hospilal. Chelsea, Mas-
sachusetts 02150. 15-22-1 C
I I
UNITED STATES
Registered Nurses, modern 280.bed leaching hospiral
Universily Ciry. 45 mins. from NYC & Phil. Posilions
available in Med. - Surg. Unit., Intensive Core,
Obslelrics - New Barn Nsy. Hospital fully accredited
AMA. Approved programs for interns and residents.
Paid hospitalization, luilion plan, 3-wks. Paid vaCO-
tion, alternate week-ends off. Continuing education
programs for I'cff. Houling available. Assistance
given in obtaining N.J. licensure. MuSl be high
school graduate. Apply: Personnel Deportment. Mid-
dlesex General Hospital, New Brunswick. New
Jersey 0It901.
SEATTLE General Dury Nunes. Salary, experienced,
days $560-$610. New graduales $525 to Slart. $35
differential on evening and night shifl. Excellent
benefits. 230-bed regional referral General Hospital
with intensive core and coronary units. Postgradu-
ate classes available at two universities. Extensive
intern and residenl teaching program. Hospital 10-
coted adiacent to Northwest's largest privote clinic.
Free housing first month. Canadian trained nurses
wilh psychiatric affiliation. Please write Personnel
Director. Virginia Mason Hospital. 111t Terry Ave-
nue. Seattle. Washington 98101.
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NIGHT NURSE
University Hospital is pleased to announce that starfing pay for night
nurses now ranges from $31.00 to $34.00 per shift ($8,056 to $8.839
for an annual starting salary)--depending on educafion and experience.
After A years service. night nUrse salaries range up to $9.622
per year. The base pay for permanent evening and rOfating fours
has also been increased plus excellent Universify Staff benefifs are
offered fO all nUrses.
University Hospital has a Service Deparfment which assigns trained
personnel to handle paperwork and other non-nursing chores,
relieving Our nurses for pafient care exclusively.
Ann Arbor is nationally known as a Center of Culture with emphasis
on art, music and drama--<:1nd recognized as an excifing and desirable
community in which to live.
Write to Mr. William Eaton. Personnel Adminisfrator. Box B.
A6001, Universify Hospital, University of Michigan for
mOre information Or phone collecf (313) 764-2182.
We are an Equal Opporfunity Employer
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
MEDICAL CENTER, ANN ARBOR
64 THE CANADIAN NURSE
POSITIONS ARE A V AILABLE
for
REGISTERED NURSES
with special interest in medical
nursing and rehabilitation of
long term patients.
Salaries recommended by the
Registered Nurses'
Association of Ontario
Inservice educational program-
me developed and
expanding
Residence accommodation avail-
able at a very mod-
erate rate
Transportation advanced. if re-
quested
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
THE QUEEN ELIZABETH HOSPITAL
130 Dunn Avenue
Toronto 3, Onto
OSHA W A
GENERAL HOSPITAL
GENERAL DUTY NURSES FOR
ALL DEPARTMENTS
Starting salary for Ontario Regis-
tered nurses $400 with 5 annual
increments to $480 per month.
Credit for acceptable previous
service - one increase for two
years. two increases for four or
more years.
Non-registered - $360.00
Rotating periods of duty - 3
weeks vacation - 8 statutory
holidays.
One day's sick credit per month
beginning in the 7th month of
service cumulative to 45 days.
Pension Plan and Group Life
Insurance - Hospital pays 50%
of Medical, Blue Cross and Hos-
pital Insurance premiums.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
OSHAWA GENERAL HOSPITAL
Oshawa, Ontario
OCTOBER 1967
PALO ALTO-STANFORD
HOSPITAL CENTER
located on the beautiful campus of Stanford University in Palo Alto, California.
11
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"We invite you to join our professional staff and to gam unparalled experiences in
nursing. 1f
For additional in/ormation-
NAME:
ADDRESS:
CITY:
SERVICE DESIRED:
Return to: PALO ALTO-STANFORD HOSPITAL CENTER
Personnel Department
300 Pasteur Drive
Palo Alto, California
STATE:
SCHOOL Of NURSING
WOODSTOCK
GENERAL HOSPITAL
WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO
Will require
TEACHERS - IMMEDIATELY
For the approved twa year cur-
riculum with a third year af ex-
perience in nursing service. (50
students enrolled annually)
Qualifications: University prepa-
ratian in Nursing Educatian ar
Public Health.
Salary: Commensurate with ex-
perience and education.
Apply to:
The Director,School of Nursing,
WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL
Woodstock, Ontario.
OCTOBER 1967
THE DR. CHARLES A. JANEWAY
CHILD
HEALTH CENTRE
St. John's, Newfoundland
Invites applications from
GRADUATE NURSES
Interested in the nursing af sick
children. Wauldn't yau like ta
came ta the Pravince af New-
foundland to a new hospital
providing varied paediatric ex-
perience and a challenge to all
nurses who are interested and
enthusiastic? A salary increase
has just been granted and an-
other increase is to follow early
next year.
Further details can be obtained
from:
The Director of Nursing
THE DR. CHARLES A. JANEWAY
CHILD HEALTH CENTRE
P. O. Box 5578
ST. JOHN'S, NEWFOUNDLAND
AJAX AND
PICKERING
GENERAL HOSPITAL
AJAX, ONTARIO
127 Beds
Nursing the patient as an indi-
vidual. Vacancies, General Duty
R.N.'s bnd Registered Nursing
Assistants for all areas, Full time
and part time. Salaries as in Me-
tro Toronto. Consideration for ex-
perience and education. Excellent
fringe benefits. Residence accom-
modation, single rooms, House-
keeping privileges.
Apply to:
NURSING OFFICE PERSONNEl
THE CANADIAN NURSE 65
nurses
who want to
nurse
At York Central you can join
an active, interested group of
nurses who want the chance to
nurse in its broadest sense. Our
126-bed, fully accredited hospi-
tal is young, and already talking
expansion. Nursing is a profes-
sion we respect and we were the
first to plan and develop a unique
nursing audit system; new mem-
bers of our nursing staff do not
necessarily start at the base salary
of $400 per month but get added
pay for previous years of work.
There are opportunities for gain-
ing wide experience, for getting
to know patients as well as staff.
Situated in Richmond Hill. all
the cultural and entertainment fa-
cilities of Metropolitan Toronto
are available a few miles to the
South. " and the winter and
summer holiday and week-end
pleasures of Ontario are easily
accessible to the North. If you
are really interested in nursing.
you are needed and will be made
welcome.
Apply in person or by mail to the
Director of Nursing.
YORK
CENTRAL
HOSPITAL
RICHMOND HILL,
ONTARIO
NEW STAFF RESIDENCE
66 THE CANADIAN NURSE
CLEVELAND
Where fhe Mf. Sinoi nurse
has some of the mosf chal-
lenging job opportunities,
receives a beginning sol.
ary of $550 a month. and
works in Universify Circle,
the city's educational cen-
ter. For more information, ì.
write ta Nurse Recruiter.
Dept. CD.
THE MT. SINAI
HOSPITAL OF CLEVELAND
UNIVERSITY CIRCLE. CLEVELAND. DHID 441D6
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR
Of NURSING
Applications are invited for the
above position in a fully ac-
credited 163-bed General Hos-
pital in beautiful Northern On-
tario.
Desirable qualifications should
include B.S.N. Degree with ex-
perience in supervision.
For further information,
Write to:
Director of Nursing
KIRKLAND and DISTRICT HOSPITAL
Kirkland Lake, Ontario.
SUNNYBROOK
HOSPITAL
REGISTERED NURSES
General Duty Nurses on rotating
shifts are needed as part of the
re-organization of Sunnybrook as
a university teaching hospital.
Employment in our Nursing Ser-
vices Department includes:
Metro Toronto Salary Scale
Accommodation at reduced
rates. Full range of fringe
benefits
Three weeks vacation after
1 year
Good location
subway on
grounds.
bus from
to hospital
For additional information,
please write:
Director of Personnel
and Public Relations,
SUNNYBROOK HOSPITAL
2075 Bayview Avenue
Toronto 12, Ontario
OCTOBER 1967
ST. JOSEPH'S GENERAL HOSPITAL
PORT ARTHUR, ONTARIO
In June 1967 the opening of the new addition to the 1960 wing completed
our 250-bed modern hospital. Applications are invited for the fallowing Services:
Surgical, Medical, Pediatrics, Rehabilitation, and Intensive Care.
HEAD NURSES for
3 NURSING UNITS
REGISTERED NURSES
--
HEAD NURSE for O. R.
REGISTERED NURSING
ASSISTANTS
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B.Se.N. with experience
preferred
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Salary Commensurate with
quali'ications and
experience
,._r !!
.
-
Planned Orientation
Continuing Inservice
Education
-
Excellent Personnel Policies
Opportunity to continue education at lakehead University
Apply to:
Director of Nursing Service
ST. JOSEPH'S GEN ERAL HOSPITAL
Port Arthur, Ontario, Canada.
MEDICAL CENTER HOSPITAL OF VERMONT*
Mary Fletcher Unit
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THE SCARBOROUGH
GENERAL HOSPITAL
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Invites applications from General Duty Nurses. Excellent personnel
policies. An acfive and stimulating In-Service Educotion and
Orientation Programme. A modern Management Training Pro-
gramme to assist the career-minded nUrse to assume managerial
positions. Solary is commensurate with experience and ability. We
encourage you ta toke advantage of the opportunities offered in
this new and expanding teaching hospital with its extended ler-
vices in Paediatrics. Orthopaedics, Psychiatry, Cardiology, Plastic
Surgery, Operating Room, Emergency, and Intravenous Therapy.
Our patients come in all sizes.
Only your career opportunities
here are uniformly big.
For further information write to:
Director of Nursing
Scarborough Ceneral Hospital
Scarborough
Metropolitan Toronto, Ontario
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Personnel Office, Dept. 410
Medical Center Hospital of Vermont
Burlington, Vermont 05401
Name
Address
.Combi11inQ MaTjJ FletcheT H08JJital and DeGoeøbriand Memorial Hospital
OCTOBER 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 67
THE HOSPITAL
FOR
SICK CHILDREN
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OFFERS:
1. Satisfying experience.
2. Stimulating and friendly en-
vironment.
3. Orientation and In-Service
Education Program.
4. Sound Personnel Policies
5. Liberal vacation.
APPLICATIONS FOR REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS INVITED.
For detailed information
please write to:
The Assistant Director
of Nursing
AUXILIARY STAFF
555 University Avenue
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
68 THE CANADIAN NURSE
HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
HOSPITAL -
Newly expanded 350-bed hospital. Progressive patient care con-
cept.
SALARY -
General Staff Nurses (Currently Registered in Ontario) $400.00 -
$480. - 5-increments.
Registered Nursing Assistants (Currently Registered in Ontario)
$295.00 - $331.00, - 3 increments.
HOUSING -
Furnished apartments available at subsidized rates.
JOB SATISFACTION -
High quality patient care and friendly working environment. We
appreciate our personnel and encourage their professional develop-
ment.
You are invited to enquire concerning employment opportunities to:
Director of Nursing
HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
200 Church Street, Weston, Ontario
Telephone 249-8111 (Toronto)
PROGRAM SUPERVISOR
Required by
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION. S.I.A.A.S.
SASKATOON, SASK.
COMPETITION NUMBER: c/c 931.
This is a new two year school-based educational programme pre-
paring students to qualify as Registered Nurses.
QUALIFICATIONS:
Registered Nurse holding a Masters Degree or equivalent with ex-
perience in administration of schools of nursing.
SALARY RANGE:
$741-$944 B. Sc. N.
$777-$991 M. Sc. N.
BENEFITS:
3 week annual vacation, sick leave, pension plan; group life in-
surance.
For further information and opplication forms opply:
THE PUBLIC iERVICE OF SASKATCHEWAN
Room 328, Legislative Building, Regina, Sask.
OCTOBER 1967
CANADAWS INDIANS
NEED YOUR
AND ESKIMOS
HELP
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES
REGISTERED HOSPITAL NURSES
CERTIFIED NURSING ASSISTANTS
HAVE YOU CONSIDERED
A CAREER
WITH
MEDICAL SERVICES
DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE
lor lurther inlormation, write to:
MEDICAL SERVICES DIRECTORATE
DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE
OTTAWA, CANADA
NURSES
EXECUTIVE AND GENERAL DUTY STAFF
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Victoria Hospital - London, Ontario
OPPORTUNITIES>
Unlimifed challenge to progress within a modern, 1,000 bed teach-
ing hospital, affiliated with The University of Western Ontario,
(situated in the heart of Southwestern Ontario.) Wide choice of
specialties includes:-
MEDICINE
OBSTETRICS
OPERATING ROOM
INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
DIALYSIS UNIT
SURGERY
PAEDIATRICS
RECOVERY ROOM
CORONARY CARE UNIT
PSYCHIATRY
BENEFITS
-Top solaries and personnel policies
--40.hour work week
-28 days vacation, executive nursing personnel
-21 days vacation, general duty staff
-18 days sick leave
FOR FURTHER DETAILS WRITE TO:
Director of Nursing
VICTORIA HOSPITAL
London - Ontario
I
NEED
YOU
--- -
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TO CARE FOR ME AT
U.S. PHS ALASKA NATIVE HOSPITALS
WANTED: PROFESSIONAL NURSES FOR
CIVIL SERVICE POSITIONS
EXCELLENT SALARIES
PROMOTIONAL OPPORTUNITIES
TRAVEL
CIVIL SERVICE BENEFITS
NEW EXPERIENCES
for Details W rite To:
AREA PERSONNEL OFFICER
U.S. PHS ALASKA NATIVE HEALTH AREA OFFICE
BOX 7-741
ANCHORAGE, ALASKA
EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER
OCTOBER 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 69
. Are you dissatisfied with your posifion?
. Would you like a change?
. Would you like to meet new people?
THIS
. Would you like to increase your nurs-
ing skills?
15-SECOND TEST
. Would you like to work where
1here is on active research pro-
gram?
COULD
. Are you adapfable?
. Do you enjoy winter and summer
sports?
CHANGE
. Do you crave more cultural advan-
tages?
YOUR
. Is your life a lillie boring right now?
. Do you sense excifemenf in a change?
fUTURE
If your answer is YES you will like work-
ing at this 1087 bed teaching hospital.
Apply in writing to:
Miss B. Jean Milligan, Reg. N., M.A.,
Assistant Director,
Ottawa Civic Haspital,
1053 Carling Ave., Ottawa 3. Onto
THREE REGISTERED NURSES
Required for general duty at Company Hospital In
Temiscaming, Quebec.
Salary Range $390 to $442 grass per month, peri-
odic salary increases based an merit and service,
single room accommodation available in nurses'
residence, plus meals at total cost of $30 per month.
Four weeks annual paid vacation, 5 day, 40 hour
week. Attractive tourist area. Variety of summer and
winter recreation activities: golf, tennis, swimming,
curling, and skiing. Bus and rail transportation to all
major points.
Apply in writing to:
Mrs. C. Alp, Matron,
TEMISCAMING HOSPITAL
Temiscaming, Que.
70 THE CANADIAN NURSE
GOVERNMENT Of THE YUKON TERRITORY
Registered Nurses required for positions at Mayo
General Hospital (16 beds) and St. Mary's Hospital
(10 beds), Dawson City, Yukon Territory.
Commencing salary $462.67 per month. Residence
rates $50.00 per month full roam and boord.
Economy air fare will be paid from Toronto or
intermediate points.
Application forms and personnel policies in
effect may be obtained from:
The Commissioner
GOVERNMENT OF THE YUKON TERRITORY
P. O. Box 2703
Whitehorse, Yukon Territory
GENERAL DUTY NURSES
and
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS
required for 438-bed, fully accredited hospital. Ad-
ditional 295-bed expansion program now in pro-
gress. Positions available in all departments.
Salary range for Registered Nurses: $400 to $475
per month. Starting rate will be commensurate with
experience.
Salary range for Registered Nursing Assistants: $270
to $300 per month.
Excellent fringe benefit program and personnel
policies.
Apply to:
The Director of Nursing
KITCHENER.WATERLOO HOSPITAL
Kitchener, Ontario
OCTOBER 1967
THE ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Announces Vacancies for
RECIONAL CONSULTANTS - PUBLIC HEALTH NURSINC
SALARY: $8,200 . $9,500-(Effective JANUARY 1, 1968-$8,600 - $10,000)
DUTIES:
To provide consultative services to local health agencies in designated areas of Onta-
rio as a member of the staff of the Regional Medical Officer of Health. Provides
guidance and advice on current nursing practices to public health nurses in official
health agencies. Receives professional guidance from Senior Consultant in Public
Health nursing.
QUALIFICATIONS:
Registration as a nurse in Ontario; preparation in public health nursing and in su-
pervision and administration; Baccalaureate degree; at least 5 years' experience
since registration including 2 years in administrative or supervisory capacity. Ability
to provide professional nursing advice and guidance on a consultative basis.
BENEFITS:
Sick leave credits, vacation credits, excellent pension plan, subsidized health and life
insurance plans, annual salary increments.
@
ONTARIO
PROVINCE OF OPPORTUNITY
Please apply in confidence by submitting resume to:
DIRECTOR OF PERSONNEL AND ORGANIZATION
Room 5424. Whitney Block, Parliament Buildings,
Toronto 5, Ontario
"
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THE UNIVERSITY OF
ALBERTA HOSPITAL
is accepting applications from
Registered Nurse Candidates for
a 6 month course in Operating
Roam Technique and Manage-
ment.
The class will commence March
4, 1968.
For further information apply to.
The Director of Nursing
THE UNIVERSITY OF
ALBERTA HOSPITAL
Edmonton, Alberta.
OCTOBER 1967
DIRECTOR
REGIONAL SCHOOL
OF
OF NURSING
"KIRKLAND LAKE"
Applications are invited for the
position of Director of a new
Regional School of Nursing to be
established in Kirkland lake with
an annual enrollment of 30
students encompassing five area
hospitals. An excellent opportu-
nity to develop a program from
the erection of the building to
operating the school.
Please direct enquiries to:
The Secretary of the Steering
CommiHee:
R. J. Cameron, Administrator,
KIRKLAND AND DISTRICT
HOSPITAL
Kirkland Lake, Ontario.
WINCHESTER DISTRICT
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
Winchester, Ontario
Fully accredited 86-bed General
Hospital, presently expanding to
130 beds, urgently requires the
following personnel:
NURSING SUPERVISOR
for afternoon shift
HEAD NURSE FOR SURGICAL
FLOOR
Accommodation available in
modern residence.
For further information, salary
and personnel policies,
please apply to:
Director of Nursing
WINCHESTER DISTRICT
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
Winchester, Ontario
THE CANADIAN NURSE 71
REGISTERED NURSES
required for
82-bed hospital. Situated in the Niagara
Peninsula. Transportation assistance.
For salary rafes and personnel policies,
apply to:
Director of Nursing
HALDIMAND WAR MEMORIAL
HOSPITAL
Dunnville, Ontario
222 BED GENERAL HOSPITAL
requires
STAff NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS
Cornwall is noted for ifs summer and
winfer sporl areas, and is on hour and a
half from both Montreal and Ottawa.
Progressive personnel policies include 4
weeks vocation. Experience and post-basic
certificates are recognized.
Apply to:
Ass't. Director of Nursing
(Service)
CORNWALL GENERAL HOSPITAL
Cornwall, Ontario
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR
OF NURSING SERVICE
Applications are invited for the position
of Assistant Director of Nursing Service
for a 291-bed fully accredited General
Hospital.
Preference will be given to applicanfs
with preporation and experience in nurs-
ing service adminisfratian.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing Service
THE GENERAL HOSPITAL
OF PORT ARTHUR
Port Arthur, Ontario
72 THE CANADIAN NURSE
THE GENERAL REGISTRY
OF GRADUATE NURSES
TORONTO
FURNISH NURSES
AT ANY HOUR
DAY or NIGHT
Telephone: 483.4306
411 Eglinton Avenue East
Suite 500
Toronto 12, Ontario
JEAN C. BROWN, REG.N.
REGISTERED NURSES
Required for various deporfmenfs in a
modern 140-bed hospital Sifuoted in fhe
Kawortha Lakes areo.
Toronfo Council salaries in effect
Pleose apply to:
Personnel Director
ROSS MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
Lindsay, Ontario
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC HOSPITAL
School of Nursing requires
INSTRUCTRESS (Nursing Arts)
INSTRUCTRESS (Medical-Surgical Area)
New self-can1ained education building for
school of nursing now open.
Trent University is situated in Peterborough
For further information write to:
Director of Nursing
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC
HOSPITAL
Peterborough, Ontario
ACROSS
CANADA
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for employment or bursaries write:
Director in Chief
VICTORIAN ORDER OF NURSES
FOR CANADA
5 Blackburn Avenue,
Ottawa 2, Ontario
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
Applications are invited for the position
of Director of Nurses for a 90-bed, new
modern General Hospital. The Hospital is
located on the beautiful Soufh Shore of
Nova Scotia. Excellent Personnel Policies
and Benefits. Residence accommodation
avoilable. Apply, stating qualificofions,
experience and references 10:
Mr. N. J. Dupuis
Administrator
DAWSON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
Bridgewater, Nova Scotia
CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS
required
with preporation and experience. Eligible
for 8. C. Registrafion. Medical, Surgical
and Paediatric areas.
Student enrollment - 200
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
Victoria, B. C,
OCTOBER 1967
What does
Methodist Hospital
have to offer me?
At the Methodist Hospital, where research is a part
of progress, a nursing career takes on new horizons -
rich in meaning and professional satisfaction.
If you're looking for the chance to be the nurse
you've always dreamed of - coming to the world
famous Methodist Hospital can be an adventure -
almost like stepping into the future - splendid
facilities,
o much advance equipment and
everywhere the newest medical and patient care
techniques are in use.
Some of the best aspects of nursing at METHODIST
are as old as medicine itself - there is a spirit of
kindness and consideration, and emphasis on patient
care, that make this a hospital where nursing is
satisfying and rewarding, day by day.
Methodist Hospital is right in the center of the world's
great Medical, Research and Educational complexes.
HOUSTON is an exciting city - rodeo and opera,
pro-football and the famous Alley Theatre, water sports
and beaches an hour or less away, the Houston
Symphony and the Astrodome!
A Few Quick Facts: We're affiliated with Baylor
University College of Medicine and associated with
Texas Woman's UniverSity College of Nursing.
New $9'12 million Cardiovascular and Orthopedic
Research Center will open soon. Our Inservice
Education Department gives you thorough
orientation, and continued instruction in new
concepts and techniques. You'll find every
encouragement to broaden your skills,
including tuition assistance in obtaining
further education in nursing.
..
Send for Your Colorful Informative Illustrated
Brochure. . . to learn about Methodist Hospital,
Houston, positions available, salary and employment
benefits, tuition allowance, complimentary room
accommodation and our Nurse Specialist Programs.
Wrote, call or send coupon, Director of Personnel,
The Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center,
Houston, Texas 77025
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I Director of Personnel, THE METHODIST HOSPITAL, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77025 I
I Please send me your brochure about nursing opportunities at THE METHODIST HOSPITAL-Texas Medical Center I
I I
I Name I \
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HOSPITAL:
A newly expanded 257 bed hospital with such progressive
care concepfs as a 12-bed I.C.U., 22.bed psychiatric and
24-bed self care unit.
IDEAL LOCATION:
45 minutes from downtown Toronto, 15-30 minutes from ex-
cellent summer and winter resort areas.
SALARIES:
Registered Nurses: $400.00 - $480.00 per month.
Registered Nursing Assistants: $295.00 - $331.00 per month.
FURNISHED APARTMENTS:
Swimming pool, tennis caurts, etc. (see above)
OTHER BENEFITS:
Medical and hospital insurance, group life insurance, pension
plan, 40 hour week.
Please address all enquiries to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL
596 Davis Drive
Newmarket, Ontario
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MAIMONIDES HOSPITAL
AND HOME FOR THE AGED
AN OPPORTUNITY....
A CHALLENGE....
A NEW EXPERIENCE....
SUPERVISORS, STAFF NURSES, NURSING
ASSISTANTS, INSTRUCTORS, PSYCHIATRIC
NURSE:
We invite you to join the nursing staff of New Mai-
man ides.
LIBERAL VACATION
PENSION PLANS .
MENSURA TE WITH
. . HEALTH AND
. SALARIES COM-
RECOGNIZED SCALES
Apply to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
5795 Caldwell Avenue
Montreal 29, Quebec
OCTOBER 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 73
WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL
Requires
GENERAL STAFF NURSES
All DEPARTMENTS
and
O.R. TECHNICIANS
Apply:
Director of Nursing
WOODSTOCK
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Woodstock, Ontario
McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL
requires
Registered Nurses for General Stoff. The
hospital is friendly and progressive.
It is now in the beginning stages of a
$3,500,000 program of expansion and
renovction.
- Openings in all services.
- Proximity to Lakehead
ensures opporfunify for
educafion.
University
furthering
For full particulars write to:
Director
of Nursing Service
McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL,
Fort William, Ontario.
REGISTERED NURSES
Qualified or Interested in Qualifying for
Employment in Intensive Cardiac Care Unit
GENERAL STAFF NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING
ASSISTANTS
Modern 395-bed, fully accredifed General
Hospital with School of Nursing.
Excellent personnel policies, O.H.A. pen-
sion plan.
Pleasant, progressive, industrial cify of
23,000
Apply:
Personnel Officer
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN
GENERAL HOSPITAL
St. Thomas, Ontario
74 THE CANADIAN NURSE
PORT COLBORNE
GENERAL HOSPITAL
PORT COLBORNE, ONTARIO
STAFF NURSES
required
For 166-bed hospital within easy driving
disfance of American and Canadian me-
tropolitan cenfres. Consideration given for
previous experience obtained in Canada.
Completely furnished apartment-style resi-
dence, including balcony and swimming
pool facing lake, adjacent to hospital.
Apply:
Director of Nursing
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Port Colborne,Ontario
REGISTERED NURSES
For new IOO-bed General Hospital in 1he
beginning stages of on expansion pro-
gram, located on the beautiful Lake of the
Woods. Three hours' travel time from
Winnipeg with good transportation avail-
able. Wide voriety of summer and win-
ter sports - swimming, booting, fishing,
golfing, skafing, curling, tobogganing,
skiing.
Salary: $415 wifh allowance for experi-
ence. Residence available. Good per-
sonnel policies.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
KENORA GENERAL HOSPITAL
Kenora, Ontario
ST. JOSEPHrS HOSPITAL
LONDON, ONTARIO
Teaching Hospital, 600 beds, new facilifies
requires:
REGISTERED NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS
For further information apply:
The Director of Nursing Service
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
London, Ontario
NUFFIELD ORTHOPAEDIC CENTRE
Headington, Oxford
England
Applications are invifed for Stoff Nurse
vacancies at this world famous Orfho-
paedic Hospital. It is essenfial that can.
didates should be eifher holders of, or
prepared fO sfudy for the O.N.C.
Whitley Council condifions of service
apply and the salary scale is E690 to
ES50 per annum plus on allowance of
EI0. for holders of the O.N.C.
Accommodation with full boord is avai.
lable at E230 per annum.
Application should be sent to:
THE MATRON
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
EDUCATION
Masfer's degree preferred; fo conducf
basic nursing program and affiliate pro-
gram.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing,
CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL
OF WINNIPEG,
Winnipeg, Manitoba.
MEDICINE HAT
GENERAL HOSPITAL
MEDICINE HAT, ALBERTA
STAFF NURSES
Currenf Recommended
Solary Scoles
Apply:
Director of Nursing
or any
CANADA MANPOWER CENTRE
OCTOBER 1967
VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPITAL
HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA
Requires the services of Registered Nurses for all
services including operating room, recovery room,
intensive core and emergency in the newly expand-
ed eight hundred and fifty bed facilities of the lar-
gest general and referral hospital in the Atlantic
Provinces.
Salary range for General Stoff positions $360.00 -
$420.00 per month and full Civil Service benefits.
Direct inquiries to:
Director of Nurses
VICTORIA CENERAL HOSPITAL
Halifax, Nova Scotia
A 5800
SCHOOL OF NURSING
SI. THOMAS-ELGIN GENERAL HOSPITAL
REQUIRES
CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR (MEDICAL)
Annual enrollment of 50 students.
B. Sc. N. preferred. University Diploma acceptable.
Salary commensurate with qualifications and ex-
perience.
APPL Y:
Director of Nursing
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN GENERAL HOSPITAL
St. Thomas, Onto
OCTOBER 1967
ROYAL INLAND
HOSPITAL
Kamloops. B.C.
INVITES YOU fo apply for a posifion in on exponding hospitol.
There is on opening for you in any of the services, which include
Infensive Core, Hoemodiolysis, Psychiofry, Reocfivotion. Hospitol
is a Regional Hospifal and major medical cenfre in the Inferior
wifh all genl!ral specialfies well represented including neurosur-
gery. 186 bed oir-condifioned wing was completed in 1966, pre-
sent renovation bringing capocily fo 270 beds and 45 bossinenes
will be complefed in Ocfober. Plans for expansion fo 500 beds ore
underway.
Salary as p.r R.N.A.B.C. contract. 4 weeks vacation. Cumulative
sick leav. up to 120 days. Pension and m.dical coverage pro-
gramm.. Opportunity for advancement.
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SCHOOL OF NURSING - SCHOOL OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY -
IN.SERVICE EDUCATION PROGRAMME INCLUDING ORIENTATION
- SUMMER INTERNE PROGRAMME.
You will have initial accommodofion provided at nominal cost.
KAMLOOPS, a rapidly exponding industriol areo wifh a populafion
of 35,000, known as the Sunny Sportsman's Paradise - Hub Cify
of Brifish Columbia served by Trans Conada Highway, bofh major
Railways, and Airline Services.
For your enjoymenf a large voriety of winter ond SUmmer acfi-
vities are available including excellent skiing, golfing, boafing,
fishing, camping, horsebock riding, flying, drama. cancerfs, and
on active adult education programme.
Applications and enquiries should be addressecl to :
DIRECTOR OF NURSING SERVICE
ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL
KAMLOOPS r B.C.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 75
OPERATING ROOM
SUPERVISOR
Postgraduate trained.
For 61-bed well-equipped
hospital.
Apply:
Administrator
WILLETT HOSPITAL
Paris, Ontario
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
AND
DIETITIAN
Applicofions ore invifed for fhe above
positions in a 65-bed hospital currently
undergoing renovations and expanding
to 95 beds by year end.
Excellent personnel policies and salary
commensurafe wifh experience and quali-
ficafians. Hospifal locafed only 10 min-
utes from downtown Buffalo.
Applicatians and enquiries shauld be
directed ta:
W. F. Thompson,
Superintendent
DOUGLAS MEMORIAL
HOSPITAL
Fort Erie, Ontario
DIRECTOR
SCHOOL OF NURSING
Applicatipns are invifed for the above
position in on ultro-modern School of
Nursing located in Soufh Western On-
tario.
Annual enrollment of 50 studenfs.
Two-Plus-one program commencing Sep-
tember, 1968.
Minimum requirement B.Sc.N. with
severo I years experience.
Apply:
Chairman
Board of Nursing Education
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN
GENERAL HOSPITAL
St. Thomas, Ontario
76 THE CANADIAN NURSE
SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL
COOKSVILLE, ONTARIO
REGISTERED NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING
ASSIST ANTS
For all Departments and a new Psychi.
atric wing.
Subsidized employee benefifs and good
personnel policies in effect.
Modern, furnished apartments availoble.
For information and apptication,
ptease write to:
Director of Nursing
SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL
Cooksville, Ontario
REGISTERED NURSES
required
For modern IOOO-bed accredited hospital.
Excellenf advancement opporfunities.
Wide range of services provided in
Surgery, Medicine, Emergency, Intensive
Care, Chronic, Maternity, Psychiotric, Or-
thopaedic, efc. Excellent wages and be-
nefits progrom including 10 sfatutory
holidoys.
Please apply to:
Personnel Department
HENDERSON GENERAL
HOSPITAL
Hamilton, Ontario
POSITIONS OPEN
Director of Nursing Educofion. Preferable
holding a Masters Degree. Also Instruc-
tors with Bachelors Degree in Nursing or
Post-Graduate training.
270.bed accredifed hospital.
ABERDEEN HOSPL T AL
New Glasgow
Nova Scotia
WILSON MEMORIAL
GENERAL HOSPITAL
requires
REGISTERED NURSES FOR
GENERAL DUTY
REGISTERED NURSING
ASSISTANTS
20-bed hospifal. Sifuated in a thriving
Norfhwestern Onfario community.
Room and board provided.
For full particulars,
Write to:
Director of Nursing
Marathon, Ontario
REGISTERED NURSES
REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS
required for
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL
Construction of a new hospital scheduled
for complefion November 1967 will in-
creose the bed capacity to 450. Included
in the new hospital will be the Friesen
concept of equipmenf and material sup-
ply. Salary commensurate with prepara-
tion and experience. Benefifs include Ca-
noda Pension Plan, Hospital Pension Plan,
Group Life Insurance. Accumulative sick
leave. Ontario Hospital Insurance ond
P.S.I. - 50% poyment by hospital.
Apply:
P.rsonnel Director
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL
Belleville, Ontario
LABORATORY TECHNICIAN
FORT CHURCHILL
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Registered laboratory technician for 51-
bed active treatment hospital in Northern
Monitoba, wifh medical sfaff of three
doctors. Must be able to perform proce-
dures in fields of hemafology, bacterio-
logy, grouping and cross-matching blood,
biochemisfry. Salary $490-$570 per
month plus $20 minimum call bock poy.
Apply stating experience and
references to:
The Administrator
FORT CHURCHILL
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Fort Churchill, Manitoba
OCTOBER 1967
UNITED STATES
I I
UNITED STATES
TEAM LEADER opportunities in North Miami. The
newly ex ponded 372-bed North Miomi Generol
Hospital needs evening and night Registered Nurse
team leaders for its Medical-Surgical Units. Salaries
ore $652-$678 per month depending upon experience.
North Miami General is a fully accredited five
year old hospital with liberal fringe benefits and
a continuing education program for Registered Nurses.
For a descriptive brochure and hospital policies
write: North Miami General Hospital, North Miami,
Florida. J. Larry Sims, Administrative Assistant. An
equal opportunity employer. 15-10-2A
STAFF NURSES: To work in Extended Core or Tuber-
culosis Unit. Live in lovely suburban Clevelond in
2-bedroom house for $55 a month including all
utilities. Modern salary and excellent fringe benefits.
Write Director of Nursing Service. 4310 Richmond
Rood, Cleveland, Ohio. 15-36 t F
STAFF NURSES - Here is the opportunity to further
develop your professional skills and knowledge in our
t,OOO.bed medical center. We have liberal personnel
policies with premiums for evening end night taurs.
Our nurses' residence, located in the midst of 33
cultural and educational institutions, offers low-cost
housing adiacent to the Hospitals. Write for our booklet
on nursing opportunities. Feel free to tell us what type
position you are seeking. Write: Director of Nursing,
Room 600, University Hospitals of Cleveland, University
Circle, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 15-36-tG
Registered Nurs. (Scenic Oregon vocation play-
ground. skiing, swimming. boating & cultural
events) for 295.bed teaching unit on campus of
University of Oregon medical school. Salary storts
ot $575. Pay differential for nights and evenings.
Liberal policy for advancement. vacations. sick
leave, holidays. Apply: Multnomah Hospital, Port.
land. Oregon. 97201. 15-38-1
ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
MONTREAL, OUEBEC
POSTGRADUATE COURSES
1.
(a) .Six month clinical course in Obstetrical Nursing.
Classes - September and March.
(b) Two month clinical course in Gynecological Nursing.
Classes following the six month course in Obstetrical
Nursing.
(c) Eight week course in Care of the Premature Infant.
2.
Six month course in Operating Room Technique.
Classes - September and March.
3.
Six month course in Theory and Practice in Psychiatric
Nursing.
Classes - September and March.
For information and details of the courses, apply to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL
Montreal r P.O.
OCTOBER 1967
UNIVERSITY OF
BRITISH COLUMBIA
School of Nursing
DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC
NURSING
DEGREE COURSE FOR
GRADUATE NURSES
Both of these courses lead to the
B.S.N. degree. Graduates are pre-
pared for public health as well as
hO'Spital nursing positions.
DIPLOMA COURSES FOR
GRADUATE NURSES
I. Public Health Nursing.
2. Administration of Hospital
Nursing Units.
3. Psychiatric Nursing.
For information write to:
The Director
SCHOOL OF NURSING
UNIVERSITY OF B.C.
Vancouver 8, B.C.
WINCHESTER DISTRICT
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
Winchester, Ontario
Fully accredited 86-bed General
Hospital, presently expanding to
130 beds, urgently requires the
following personnel:
NURSING SUPERVISOR
for afternoon shift
HEAD NURSE FOR SURGICAL
FLOOR
Accommodation available in mo-
dern residence.
For further information, salary
and personnel policies,
please apply to:
Director of Nursing
WINCHESTER DISTRICT
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
Winchester, Ontario
THE CANADIAN NURSE 77
Ð
DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY
DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC NURSING - (B.N.)
An integrated program extending over four colendar years is of.
fered fo candidates with Senior Matriculation and prepores the stu.
dent for nursing practices in the community and hospifals.
DEGREE COURSE FOR REGISTERED NURSES - (B.N.)
A program extending over three academic years is offered fo Re.
gistered Nurses who wish fa obtain a Bachelor of Nursing degree.
The COUrse includes sfudies in fhe humanifies, sciences, and 0
nursing speciolty.
DIPLOMA COURSES FOR REGISTERED NURSES -
1 YEAR
(I) Nursing Service Administrotion
(2) Public Health Nursing
(3) Teaching in Schools of Nursing
DIPLOMA COURSE FOR REGISTERED NURSES
2 YEARS
OUfposf Nursing Course eXfending over twa calendor years and
leoding to a Diploma in Public Heolth Nursing and a Diploma in
Outpost Nursing.
For further information apply to:
Director, School of Nursing
DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY
Halifax, N.S.
THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL
QUEEN SQUARE, w.e.t, and
MAIDA VALE HOSPITAL,
W. 9.
LONDON
(POST-GRADUATE TEACHING
HOSPITALS)
NEUROLOGY AND
NEUROSURGERY
These unique hospifols af internofionol
repute offer to Regisfered Nurses:-
1) One year COUrse - badge and certi-
ficafe awarded.
2) Operating Theafre experience. Mini-
mum period of appainfmenf, four
manths.
3) Generol dufies on medico I and sur-
gical wards, occasional vacancy ot
Convalescent Hospifal (near Hamp-
sfead Heath), minimum periods of ap-
poinfmenf two months.
Considerafion given to Nurses wishing ta
take extended holidays.
This branch of nursing hos a special ap-
peal to those interested in research and
fhe humanitarian aspect of nursing.
Further particulars may be
obtained from:
Matron
THE NA nONAL HOSPITAL
Queen Square, London, W.C.1
England
78 THE CANADIAN NURSE
I,
SCARBOROUGH CENTENARY HOSPITAL
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Invites Applications For:
TEAM LEADERS
GENERAL STAFF R.N. and R.N.A.
This modern 525-bed hospital, scheduled to open in the foil of
1967, is fully equipped with the latest facilities to assist personnel
in potient care and embraces the most modero concepts of team
nursing. (See Hospital Administrafion in Canada January 1967
edition.) Excellent personnel policies are availoble. Progressive staff
and management development programs offer the maximum op-
portunities for those who are interested. Salary is commensurate
wifh experience and ability.
For further information, please direct your enquiries to:
Director of Nursing Service,
SCARBOROUGH CENTENARY HOSPITAL
Post Office Box 250, West Hill, Ontario
NURSING
ADMINISTRATION
An attractive, senior position is
available for a Registered Nurse,
preferably one with a degree in
Nursing but a University diploma
in Nursing Administration will
be acceptable. Experience in
nursing service is essential and
the successful applicant will be a
member of Management in Nurs-
ing Administration. Salary will
be negotiated. Replies, which
will be confidential, should in-
clude a resume of experience
and education.
Please write to:
Director of Nursing,
OSHA W A GENERAL HOSPITAL
Oshawa, Ontario.
DEP ARTMENT
OF HEALTH
NEWFOUNDLAND
Applications are invited for the
position of Head Nurse in Ob-
stetrics at the Harmon Hospital,
Stephenville, Newfoundland.
Preference will be given to ap-
plicants with post-graduate train-
ing in Obstetrics, but consider-
ation will be given to those
having Obstetrical experience.
Salary is $4,600-120-$5,300 per
annum. Additional payment will
be given for postgraduate dip-
loma in Obstetrics.
Living in accommodation is
available at the rate of $696
per annum. Uniforms are pro-
vided.
For further information apply to:
Director of Nursing
HARMON HOSPITAL
Stephenville, Newfoundland
OCTOBER 1967
I I
UNITED STATES
UNITED STATES
tEGISTERED NURSES: for 75-bed air-conditioned
.ospitol, growing community. Sto,ting salary $330
D365/m, fringe benefits, vacation, lick leave. holi-
Joys, life insurance, hospitalization. 1 meal furnish-
-d. Write: Administrator, Hendry General Hospital,
:Iewiston, Florida. t5.10.1
STAFF NURSES: University of Washington. 320-bed
modern, expanding Teaching and Research Hospital
located on campus offers you on opportunity to
join the stoff in one of the following specialties:
Clinical Research, Premature Center. Open Heart
Surgery, Physical Medicine, Orthopedics, Neurosurge-
ry, Adult and Child Psychiatry in addition
to the General Services. Salary $525 for newly
graduate nurse. $560 within first six months to $640.
Salary commensurate with experience and education.
Unique benefit program includes free University
courses after six months. For information on op-
portunities, write to: Mrs. Ruth fine. Director of
Nursing Services, University Hospital, 1959 N.E. Paci-
fic Avenue, Seollle, Washington 98105.
!.N.'s Need.d - New 50.bed hospital. 5010ry
!ange $500 to $530 plus shift differential, per
110nth. Blue Cross Blue Shield insurance, paid
'acation. On lake Okeechobee, 40 miles from
Nest Palm Beach. Write or coli collect, Mrs. Hilda
lensen, Director of Nurses, Everglades Memorial
-iospital, P.O. Box 659, Pahokee, Florida. Phone
105 924-520 I.
B.I w
SCHOOL FOR GRADUATE NURSES
McGill UNIVERSITY
\W<
PROGRAMS FOR GRADUATE NURSES
DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF NURSING
Two years from McGill Senior Matriculation or three years from McGill Junior
Mafriculafion or the equivalents. In First Year the sfudent elects one clinical
selling in which fo sfudy nursing, selecting from
· Mafernal and Child Health Nursing
. Medical-Surgical Nursing
· Mental Healfh and Psychiatric Nursing
. Public Health Nursing
In Final Year fhe student studies in nursing educofion, or nursing service
supervision, selecting from
. Teaching of Nursing
· Supervision of Nursing Service in Hospitals
· Supervision of Public Health Nursing Service
DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE (APPLIED)
A program of two academic years for nurses wifh a baccolaureafe degree.
Students elect to major in:
· Development and AdministrOfion of Educofional Programs in Nursing
· Nursing Service Administration in Hospitals and Public Health Agencies
PROGRAM IN BASIC NURSING
leading to the degree Bachelor 01 Science In Nursing
A five-year program for students with McGill Junior Matriculation or its equivalent.
This program combines acodemic and professional courses with supervised nursing
experience in the McGill teaching hospitals and selected health agencies. This brood
background of education, followed by graduate professional experience, prepares
nurses for advanced levels of service in hospitals and community.
For further particulars write to:
DIRECTOR, McGILL SCHOOL FOR GRADUATE NURSES
3S06 UNIVERSITY STREET, MONTREAL 2, QUE.
OCTOBER 1967
HOTEL DIEU HOSPITAL
Kingston, Ontario
A Postgraduate Course in Operafing
Room Technique ond Management is now
available at this Hospital. The next closs
of six months duration will be admilled
May 1st, 1968.
ForMM
mk
mron
d
ro
write to:
Director of N'ursing Service
HOTEL DIEU HOSPITAL
Kingston, Ontario
RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL
OF OTTAWA
A new, air-condifianed 340-bed hospital.
Applicafions are called for Nurses for the
positions of:
ASSISTANT HEAD NURSES,
GENERAL STAFF NURSES
and
REGISTERED NURSING
ASSISTANTS
Address all enquiries to:
Director of Nursing
RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL
OF OTTAWA
1967 Riverside Drive,
Ottawa, Ontario
KELOWNA GENERAL HOSPITAL
OKANAGAN VALLEY, B. C.
VACANCY OPEN
FOR NURSING OFFICE
NURSING SERVICE
SUPERVISOR
Preparation ond experience in nursing
service administration required, degree
preferred.
Applications and enquiries fo:
Director of N'ursing
KELOWNA GENERAL HOSPITAL
2268 pandosy Street
Kelowna, B.C.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 79
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80 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Index
to
advertisers
October 1967
Abbott Laboratories Limited
Ames Company of Canada Limited
Ayerst Laboratories
Boehringer Ingelheim Products
Canadian Sugar Institute
Canadian Tampax Corp. Ltd.
Facelle Company Ltd.
Charles E. Frosst & Co.
W. J. Gage Limited
Frank W. Horner Limited
Kayser-Roth of Canada (Supp-Hose Stockings)
Lakeside Laboratories (Canada) Ltd.
Lewis-Howe Company (Turns)
J.B. Lippincott Company of Canada Limited
C. V. Mosby Company
J. T. Posey Co.
Reeves Company
W. B. Saunders Company
Scholl Mfg. Co. Ltd.
Sterilon of Canada _
Uniforms Registered __
United Surgical Corporation
Warner-Chilcott Labs Co. Ltd.
(Texas Pharmacal Div.)
White Cross Shoes
Win ley-Morris Company Ltd.
Winthrop Laboratories
Advertising
Manager
Ruth H. Baumel,
The Canadian Nurse
50 The Driveway,
Ottawa 4, Ontario
Advertising Representatives
Richard P. Wilson,
219 East Lancaster Avenue,
Ardmore, Penna. 19003
Vanco Publications,
170 The DOQ.way West,
Suite 408, Don Mills, Onto
Member of Canadian
Circulation Audit Board Inc.
9, 52
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57
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Cover II
54
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Cover III
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Cover IV
B3!1:J
OCTOBER 1967
November 1967
MR S MT MELLON
2368 MONROE AVE
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The
Canadian
Nurse
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official opening
of CNA House
ups and downs
of economic progress
a CUSO volunteer
reports from India
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THE C. V. MOSBY COMPANY, LTO
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2 THE CANADIAN NURSE
NOVEMBER 196i
The
Canadian
Nurse
A monthly journal for the nurses of Canada published
in English and french editions by the Canadian Nurses' Association
Volume 63, Number 11 November 1967
26 Ups and downs of economic progress G. Rowsell
30 Residence living - Yes or No? M. E. Doyle and I. Daykin
33 Home care of Ravi - a premature infant M. R. Pandya
37 Official Opening of CNA House
45 India's project number one
50 Does academic preparation make cents?
W. Marson
The views expressed in the various articles are the views of the authors and do not
necessarily represent the policies or views of the Canadian Nurses' Association.
4 Letters 7 News
22 Names 24 New Products
51 Dates 52 Books
58 Films 58 Accession List
Executive Director: Helen K. Mussallem .
Editor: vtrglnta A. Ltndabury . Assistant
Editor: Glennis N. ZUm . Editorial Assbtant:
Loral A. Graham . Circulation Manager: Pler-
reUe HOUe . Ad\ertising Manager: Ruth H.
Baumel . Subscrlpllon Rates: Canada: One
Year. $4.50; two years, S8.00. Foreilm: One
Year, S5.00: two year.. S9.00. Single copies:
50 cents each. Make cheques or money orders
pa\ able 10 The Canadian Nurse . Change of
Address: Four weeks' notice and the otd
address as well as the new are necessary. Not
responsible for journal. lost in mail due to
errors in address.
@ Canadian Nurses Association, 1967
NOVEMBER 1967
Manuscrtpt Information: "The Canadian
Nurse" welcomes unsolicited articles. All
manuscripts should be typed, double-spaced.
on one side of unruled paper leaving wide
margins. Manuscripts are accepted for review
for exclusive publication. The editor reserves
the right 10 make the usual editorial changes.
Photographs (glossv prints) and graphs and
diagrams (drawn in india ink on white paper)
are welcomed with such articles. The editor
is not commiued to publish all articles sent
nor to indicate defimte dates of publication:
Authorized as Second-Class Mail bv the Post
Office Department, Ottawa, and for payment
of postage in cash. Postpaid at Montreal.
Return Postage Guaranteed. 50 The Drivewav
Ottawa 4. Ontario. '
The CNA Board of Directors'
decision to use the Registered Nurses'
Association of Ontario Testing
Service as a nucleus for a national
testing service (News, page 7) is of
major significance to the nursing
profession.
First, it means all candidates for
nurse registration or licensure in
Canada will write examinations that
have been developed and standardized
in this country, rather than in the
U.S.A. The reason for regarding this
as an advantage is not merely
chauvinistic. It is based, rather, on a
belief that a profession in a given
country differs inherently from the
same profession in another country -
despite apparent external similarities
- and therefore, should have its own
system of testing.
Second, the use of the RNAO
Testing Service as a nucleus for a
national testing service will ensure
uniformity of registration requirements
throughout the country. This could
lead to the adoption of a minimum
passing score, based on a national
mean, by all provincial nurse
registration bodies, thereby making
reciprocal registration in Canada
possible.
Third, the establishment of a CNA
testing service for nurse registration
guarantees a permanence that no
outside organization can offer. With
our own service, worries about changes
in the terms of a contract or in
cancellation of the contract are
non-existent. Also, a Canadian testing
service will allow greater flexibility
and encourage originality; content and
procedure can be revised as necessary
to keep apace of changes in nursing
in this country.
Four, in developing this national
testing service, CNA will profit from
RNAO's considerable experience with
nurse and nursing assistant
examinations in both the English and
French languages. Moreover, the staff
of the RNAO Testing Service, persons
who are well-prepared and competent
in nursing education and psychometric
testing, are willing to organize and
direct the testing system of a national
basis.
Many problems of negotiation
remain to be solved. But the most
important decision - to develop a
Canadian testing examination service,
using the RNAO Testing Service as a
nucleus - has been made, and made
wisely. - V.A.L.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 3
letters
{
Letters to the editor are welcome.
Only signed letters will be considered for publication
Name will be withheld at the writer's request.
A criticism and an answer
Dear Editor:
I read with interest the news item "RNAO
Express Concern About Recruitment" (June
1967.)
In 1965, membership of the Registered
Nurses' Association of Ontario was about
23,000. In less than two years it apparently
has dropped to approximately 13,000. an
average drop of 5,000 per annum. This
trend is bound to continue. It is deplorable,
but even more disturbing is the RNAO of-
ficials' attitude that they alone know what
is good for the association.
The fact that less than one-quarter of
Ontario's 50,000 registered nurses are mem-
bers of their professional association should
have warned them that something is funda-
mentally wrong with the association. What
does the RNAO do?
The recent raise in membership fee from
$25 to $35 has contributed to this faIl in
membership. Now, RNAO can think of no
other way to attract members than by com-
pulsion through legislation. If this dangerous
move should become de facto, the patients
are the ones who will suffer most, for it
is certain that many nurses would rather
quit the profession than join an association
that does not meet the needs of the average
nurse. - Mr. R. Tisic, Toronto, Ontario.
The editors asked Mr. Albert Wedgery, Pres-
ident of the Registered Nurses' Association
of Ontario, to respond to Mr. Tisic's letter.
Dear Editor:
It is a sound maxim that no professional
organization is ever 100 percent right in
what it does. Those who are charged with
guiding the affairs of organized nursing
are not surprised when a course of action
meets some disapproval. Significantly, the
loudest outcry usually comes from persons
who keep up a continual stream of criticism
regardless of what is done on behalf of
nurses. If this time and emotion spent so
negatively were devoted to improving the
system we have, what could we not accom-
plish for betterment of nursing?
Mr. Tisic is disturbed by what he claims
is "the RNAO of if cia Is' attitude that they
alone know what is good for the Associa-
tion." It is flattering indeed to be credited
with such omniscience. However, the policies
of the Association are established by the
Board of Directors (on which every Chapter
is represented) not by the officers or the em-
ployees. The raise in membership fees and
the direction to approach the government
4 THE CANADIAN NURSE
regarding compulsory membership were au-
thori7ed by voting delegates after these is-
sues had been debated by members at an-
nual meetings of the Association. Arbitrary
decisions are, therefore, not the prerogative
of those who "head" the organization.
Mr. Tisic claims that compulsory mem-
bership would be a dangerous innovation.
Present members, somewhat embittered that
non-members continue to enjoy the fruits of
RNAO action, would like all working nurses
to share the burden of providing Association
services that advance the socio-economic
position and professional security of every
nurse practitioner.
Mr. Tisic offers no evidence to support
his contention that the RNAO "does not
meet the needs of the average nurse." With-
in the present structure of the Association
the "average" nurse can become an equal
and integral participant in the organization.
When will nurses learn how to use their
professional organization to promote their
own welfare and development?
Mr. Tisic brings no credits to himself
by his Open expression of disloyalty to
nurses who are committed to improving the
place of nursing in our society. - Albert
W. Wedgery, President, Registered Nurses'
Association of Ontario.
Concerned about CNF
Dear Editor:
There are 121,000 registered nurses in
Canada, only 922 of whom are members of
the Canadian Nurses' Foundation, estab-
lished six years ago. This is a sad com-
mentary on Canadian nurses' interest in
furthering the education of Canadian Nur-
ses' Association members.
To the 120.000 nurses who are not
CNF members, may I say: you teach your
patients the value of self-help; how about
applying self-help to the area of advanced
nursing education? If you send your annual
two dollar membership fee to the Cana-
dian Nurses' Foundation, 50 The Drive-
way, Ottawa, it wiIl increase its budget by
$240,000, and make 120,000 Canadian nur-
ses feel like responsible professional peo-
ple. - Ruth M. Morrison, Vancouver,
British Columbia.
York Regional School
Dear Editor:
I was delighted with the editorial in
the August issue of The Canadian Nurse.
My only adverse comment would be that
it did not speak out strongly enough.
I also read with interest the news item
about the regional schools in Ontario. But
why no mention of York Regional?
We accepted our first class in September
with 61 students. We have temporary school
facilities in the unfinished North York Gen-
eral Hospital and residence facilities in the
nurse's residence of Sunnybrook Hospital.
We have been able to break out of the
single discipline concept of regional schools
to the extent that our students will be
taking all non-nursing subjects, including
psychology, sociology, literature and phil-
osophy, at Seneca CoIlege of Applied Arts
and Technology. We have hired a non-
nurse biologist to teach an integrated
science course in the biological and physi-
cal sciences. This was done in preference
to teaching that subject at Seneca because
we saw an avenue of inservice education,
with the nursing teachers being used as
demonstrators in the biology classes.
Our hope is that in due course we will
become part of the CoIlege of Applied
Arts and Technology. - Donna M. WeIls
Dean, York Regional School of Nursing
Toronto, Ontario.
Error
Dear Editor:
I would like to point out an error on
page 11 of the September issue of THE
CANADIAN NURSE concerning the item: "Con-
tract for Hamilton nurses provides highest
public health minimum salary in Province"
(News).
The Hamilton Health Association is a
private organization that operates the Ched.
oke General and Children's hospital, and
three others. It has a nurses' association
which applied for certification under the
Labor Relations Board.
The public health nurses are employee
by the City of Hamilton, not the Hamiltor
Health Assocation. - Maurice W. Lond
WesthaIl Chapter, Registered Nurses' As
sociation of Ontario, Hamilton, Ontario.
Wish to share experience
Dear Editor:
Our experience might be profitable t<
other nurses as weIl as to nursing students
Being three French-Canadian nurses wh<
wished to improve our English. we decide<
to work in a hospital of 175 beds on tht
Pacific coast in California.
Our arrival at the hospital was in
teresting, if not amusing. Our limited voc
abulary caused many hilarious situations
NOVEMBER 196:
However, after several months of employ-
ment, we realized our error: we had been
hired as nurses, not accepted as foreign-
language students in the faculty of arts.
Essential to the practice of nursing is
a comprehension of the immediate situ-
ation, a rapid execution of duties, and
communication with the patient and the
doctor. How could we help the doctor in
an emergency if he had to repeat the
name of a medication or treatment two or
three times? How could we communicate
with the patient and the doctor if we
could only utter half a word a minute?
I How could we meet essential needs if
we were continually confused and worried?
We asked ourselves what our attitude
would be to nurses who came to a French-
Canadian hospital to learn our language
and customs. Would we consider them as
intelligent. resourceful young women or
as irresponsible nurses?
Our experience demonstrated to us that
nursing is an art that will not permit
day-dreaming; and that it is better to
serve our profession than to be served by
it. - Susane Couture, So. LagLlana, Cal-
ifornia.
Requests articles on curriculum
Dear Editor:
I am a CUSO (Canadian University Ser-
vice Overseas) volunteer who is helping to
prepare instructors and supervisors of prac-
tical nursing. Since we lack library facilities,
it is very difficult to keep abreast of the
trends in nursing and the techniques of
teaching.
THE CANADIAN NURSE helps me feel that
I am still on the Canadian nursing scene,
but much of the information is specific to
Canada and does not pertain to nursing
situations in general. I would like to see
more articles on curriculum development
and techniques of instruction. The article
"Programmed Instruction - Can We Use
It?" (July, 1967) was of great interest. -
Sally A. Thomas, Bogota, Columbia, South
America.
An "R.N. Dispenser"
Dear Editor:
Many thanks for your gift subscription
to THE CANADIAN NURSE, which I find
stimulating and informative. I was espe-
cially interested in the letter that dis-
cussed the dispensing of medications.
Being an "R.N. Dispenser," I find it dif-
ficult to reconcile the fact that nurses,
in addition to their many other technical
duties, are expected to act as pharmacists.
I believe that the dispensing of medica-
tions should be the responsibility of hos-
pital pharmaceutical committees, where it
rightly belongs. - Gus Roscoe, Toronto,
Ontario. 0
NOVEMBER 1%7
Know 1\ ; a
I ì
nurse who isn't on our list?
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Christmas Gift Subscription
to
The Canadian Nurse
The Canadian Nurse has an international
reputation as a reliable source of informa-
tion and ideas for nurses in every branch
of the profession. It makes an exciting gift
for students, for classmates who have tem-
porarily retired, and for nursing friends
overseas.
A handsome gift card, handsigned with your name, will be sent announcing your gift
Orders must b. received by November 30 to ensure arrival o' card in time for Chri.tmas
1;; Please check (r' lone
N
of the boxes below.
I wish to send a gift
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aft Canada :
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 5
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8S80 ESPLANADE, MONTREAL 11
NOVEMBER 1967
news
CNA To Prepare Brief
On Labor Relations
Ottawa. - The Canadian Nurses' Asso-
ciation Board of Directors has authorized
the preparation of a Brief to the Task
Force on Labour Relations, which is col-
lecting information on indu
trial relations.
issues. or problems for submission to Pri-
vy Council. The Brief was authorized at
the September meeting of the Board.
The Prime Minister, in a memorandum,
chJ.rged the Task Force "to examine indus-
trial relations in Canada and make recom-
mendations to the Government with res-
pect to public policy and labour legislation
and on such other matters as it considers
relevant to the public interest in industrial
relations." The Task Force is asking for
written submissions as one means of ana-
lysis.
The Task Force approached the CNA
and other groups to ensure that wide at-
tention is given the opportunity for com-
ment on major labor relations problems.
The Brief will be prepared by CNA na-
tional office staff and be submitted to the
executive committee of the Board for final
approval before being sent to the Task
Force bv December 3 I, 1967.
Chairmen of the provinces' Social and
Economic Welfare Committees will be ask-
ed to submit comments for inclusion in
the Brief. It also will incorporate the be-
liefs and philosophies on labor relations of
the International Council of Nurses, the
Canadian Nurses' Association and the pro-
vincial nurses' associations.
CNA To Undertake
Examination Service
Ottawa. - "II is moved and seconded
that the Canadian Nurses' Association
proceed to develop a Canadian testing ex-
amination service, utilizing the Registered
Nurses' Association of Ontario examina-
tions as a nucleus. and that CNA nego-
tiate with the RNAO in establishing these
services."
The above motion was passed unani-
mously by the Board of Directors at their
biannual meeting at CNA House Septem-
ber 26-29. With these words. the Canadian
Nurses' Association will undertake to pro-
vide national registration examinations.
which would be used by the provincial li-
censing boards when the National League
for Nursing examinations are no longer
available after June 1969.
The Board adopted the motion following
a presentation on available services in Ca-
nada and the United States and a discus-
sion regarding personnel and facilities.
NOVEMBER 1967
New Formula For CNA Fees Submitted by ANPQ
Ottawa. - A new formula regarding payment of individual fees from
the provincial associations to the Canadian Nurses' Association was made by
the Association of Nurses of the Province of Quebec to the CNA Board of
Directors at the September meeting in Ottawa. The new formula proposes that
all provincial associations be charged the fee of $10.00 per individual member
for the first 10,000 members and a fee of $5.00 per member for the remain-
ing members. If approved, this change would require an amendment to the
CNA Bylaws at the forthcoming biennial meeting in Saskatoon next July.
The proposed formula Was submitted to larger provinces from the CNA. She stated
CNA in line with a resolution passed at a "As the membership of a few provinces
previous CNA Board meeting in Septem- exceeds by a considerable number that of
ber, 1966. This resolution asked that each the other provinces. an adjustable fee with
province provide the CNA with a formula a limit, as suggested in the recommenda-
respecting the payment of the $10.00 per tion. would seem to be a more equitable
individual fee that had been sanctioned at method of collecting dues since this would
the 1966 CNA biennial meeting. prevent a situation where a few provinces
When the CNA fee for each individual could be making the major contribution to
member had been raised from $6.00 to CNA revenue."
$10.00 at the biennial meeting. several She added that
ome services are divided
provinces had reported that they would be on a basis whereby all provinces benefited
unable to meet the new fee unless they equally in spite of the differences in mem-
had an opportunity to raise the member- bership. .
ship fee in their own province; the motion 0 I Q b ( n 700 ) 0 .. 18 "00)
was worded to allow these provinces to n y. . ue ec --'. . nt.mo ( ,
,
b . f h h . h f f h and Bnllsh Columbia (10.500) would be
egm payment 0 t e 19 er ee a ter t ey
. .. affected by the proposed new formula,
had arranged their provincial budget com- b d I I 966 f .
mitments. ase on tota Igures.
Nine provincial associations now pay II is anticipated that the change would
the $10.00 fee per individual member to cut CNA's anticipated hudget for 1968 by
CNA; the ANPQ is presently paying the over $100,000.
fee of $6.00 per individual member. The CNA Board of Directors asked that
In speaking to the motion. Miss Helen the formula be studied by CNA legal ad-
Reimer, secretary-registrar for the ANPQ, visors and by n.ltional office staff to exam-
said that her association considered the ine implication
for the work of the asso-
new formula fair in relation to the amount ciation. A report is to be made at the next
of services that could be attained by the Board meeting in March, ] 96R.
Mildred E. Katzell, Director, National
League for Nursing Evaluation Service,
described available facilities and acted as
consultant to the Board during the discus-
sion.
The new testing service eventually will
offer. in both languages, registration ex-
aminations in the five nursing subjects:
medical. surgical, obstetric. pediatric. and
psychiatric nursing.
For the past 20 years. provinces of Ca-
nada have used State Board Test Pool Ex-
aminations. provided by the National Lea-
gue for Nursing. for the testing of stu-
dents for licensure as professional nurses.
In June 1966, the American Nurses' Asso-
ciation recommended that the National
League for Nursing discontinue the use of
the examinations in jurisdictions outside the
United States, and the Canadian provinces
were notified that examinatior.s would not
be available to them after June 1969.
The Registered Nurses' Association of
Ontario Testing Service developed its own
system of examinations in 1964, after
three years of preparation. II has since
supplied licensing examinations for both
Ontario and New Brunswick. The other
eight provinces use the National League
service.
The RNAO has agreed to the transfer of
its existing testing service, provided that
such a transfer protects the present staff
engaged in test development, and provided
that the test for nursing assistants be con-
tinued.
The RN AO testing service at present
supplies only four examinations; a psychia-
tric examination cannot be readied for the
1969 deadline. The CNA Board will inves-
tigate other possible alternatives to be used
until the proposed CNA Testing Service
can provide such an examination. The exe-
cutive committee will make recommenda-
THE CANADIAN NURSE 7
news
tions concerning the provISIons for the psy-
chiatric test at the next Board meeting in
March.
The executive committee is also charged
with responsibilities for arranging for the
transfer of testing facilities from RNAO
to CNA. As considerable time is required
to prepare a series of tests for the 10 pro-
vinces, the committee has been requested
to begin as soon as possible, and to pro-
vide a progress report to the next Board
meeting. Dr. Katzell has been asked to
continue consultant services.
Conference Examines
Educational Problems
Ottawa. - Nursing educational consult-
ants from nine provincial associations met
with national office staff at CNA House in
mid-September.
The meeting, similar to one held last
year, provided an opportunity for education-
al leaders to exchange information, and in-
terpret policies and goals of national office
and provincial associations. It allows the
provinces to identify problems common to
all and to determine ways in which these
problems may be solved; to suggest long or
short-term plans on mutual concerns at the
provincial and national levels; and to ensure
coordination of effort within the scope of the
federal nature of the health legislation.
The conference was sponsored by the Ca-
nadian Nurses' Association and chaired by
Margaret Steed, CNA consultant, nursing
education.
Guest speakers at the conference were
N.A. Sisco, director of the Applied Arts and
Technology Branch, Ontario Department of
Education, and Ruth Johnson, associate in
nursing education, State Education Depart-
ment, Albany, New York.
One day of the three-day conference was
held at the Department of National Health
and Welfare building. This permitted a joint
J
Canadian Nurses Work With WHO
,
"
.......
I
Geneva, Switzerland. - Canadians now comprise the largest national group of
nurses in the World Health Organization, according to a recent report of Miss
Lyle Creelman, Chief Nurse of the international organization. Miss Jeannette
Sylvain, on the right in the photograph above, is one of the 45 Canadian
nurses currently serving with the international group. From Quebec City, Miss
Sylvain has been with WHO since September 1963 and is presently working
in a Maternal and Child Health project in Abidjan, Cote-d'lvoire as a public
health nursing consultant. She is shown here with a group of nursing students.
Five of the 11 regional supervisors are Canadians, as is Miss Creelman, her-
self. Since WHO was formed in 1948, more than 104 Canadian nurses have
served with the organization.
conference with nurse consultants from the
provincial Health Insurance Commissions
and nurses from the national departments.
It was the first time that such a joint meet-
ing was held.
Interest Sessions Planned
For CNA General Meeting
Ottawa. - Interest sessions, business
meetings, well-known speakers, and a host
of social activities are being planned for the
Canadian Nurses' Association's 34th General
Meetinl! in Saskatoon. Saskatchewan, Julv
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The first joint conference of consultants from provincial nursing associations
and from Health Insurance Commissions was held in Ottawa in mid-September.
8 THE CANADIAN NURSE
1968, according to the report of the pro-
gram committee, presented at the CNA
Board of Directors' meeting in September.
The theme of the General Meeting will be
related to the Association's Diamond (60th)
Anniversary. Highlighting the five-day pro-
gram will be a series of "interest sessions"
on at least four topics of general interest,
one of which will be presented in the
French language.
The Minister of Health. Allan J. Mac-
Eachen. one of the guest speakers, will dis-
cuss Medicare and its implications for the
health professions.
The Saskatchewan Registered Nurses' As-
sociation has set up a convention planning
committee, chaired by Mrs. Shirley Newis,
to coordinate activities at the General Meet-
ing. The President of SRNA, Mrs. Agnes
Gunn, reported that plans are being made
for delegates to see points of interest around
Saskatoon, and that a government-sponsored
banquet may be part of the festivities.
New CNA Publication Is Guide
For University Nursing Programs
Ottawa. - The Canadian Nurses' Asso-
ciation has just released a new publication
entitled Guideline for the Development of
Programs in Unh'ersities Leading to a Bac-
calaureale Degree in Nursing. The pamphlet
contains, in both English and French, a pos-
sible sequence of events in the establishment
(Conlinued on paRe /0)
NOVEMBER 1967
llin spite of today's apparent explosion
in their awareness of sex,
young people are not well informed."
A recent study indicated that even
among college girls enrolled in health
education classes knowledge of menstru-
al facts was neither thorough nor accu-
rate. One reason, perhaps, for the lack
of accuracy was the fact that only 8% of
these girls obtained their information
about menstruation from doctors, nurses
or teachers.
Thi
small percentage probably
learned about menstruation because
they asked. Many young girls, however, never ask for
information-because they feel menstruation is not a
subject for discussion outside their homes (And
sometimes very little information is available within
their homes.) Even the doctor is not likely to be con-
sulted unless the girl is concerned about a possible
abnormality.
One solution to this problem is to make information
on menstruation available to all young girls-whether
"
"
---
TAM PAX
SANITARY PROTECTION WORN INTERNALLY
MADE ONLY BY CANADIAN T.
MP.
X CORPORATlON'LTD.,
BARRIE, ONT.
NOVEMBER 1967
or not they specifically ask for it. Thus,
girls in health and physical education
classes, girls visiting school nurses, girls
at summer camp, girls consulting their
./ doctors-all should be provided with in-
formation on the normal changes that
are a part of growing up.
To assist you in explaining menstru-
ation to these girls we offer you (without
charge) laminated plastic charts drawn
by Dr. R. L. Dickinson, showing schemat-
ic illustrations of the organs of the female reproduc-
tive system. For the young girl we provide two free
booklets answering her questions about menstruation.
Send for them today. Professional samples of Tampax
menstrual tampons will also be included.
)
-
t
....,
1. Israel, S. Leon: Obst. & Gynec 26:920, 1965. 2. Larsen.
Virginia L.: J. Am M. Women's A. 20:557, 1965
Canadian Tampax Corporation Limited.
P.O. Box 627. Barrie. ant.
Please send free a set of Dickinson charts, copies of the two booklets,
a postcard for easy reordering and samples of Tampax tampons.
Name
Address
CN.I
THE CANADIAN NURSE 9
news
(Colltillued from page 8)
of an integrated nursing program at a uni-
versity, leading to a baccalaureate degree.
The guidelines outline the responsibilities
of the planning committee. necessary qualifi-
cations of the faculty. the curriculum. and
policies and procedures relating to students.
The pamphlet is intended to be a general
guide. "Within the existing framework of
the university. each nursing unit has the
right and responsibility to develop an indi-
vidual program adapted to the specific si-
tuation of the university," the foreword
points out.
The publication is a companion to Guid-
illg Prillciple.
for the Dn'elopmellt of Pro-
grams ill Educatiollal /mtitll1iOllS leadillg to
a Diploma ill Nursillg, published in 1966.
Board of Directors
Approves Building Guide
Ottawa. - At the September meeting of
the Board of Directors of the Canadian
Nurses' Association. the members approved
a draft copy of Guidelilles for the COIIStruC-
tioll of Educatiollal Facilities for Nursing
Programs. The work was carried out by an
ONE-STEP PREP
FLEET ENEMA'
single dose
disposable unit
FLEET ENEMA's fast prep time obsoletes soap and
water procedures. The enema does not require warm-
ing. It can be used at room temperature. It avoids the
ordeal of injecting large quantities of fluid into the
bowel, and the possibility of water intoxication.
The patient should preferably be lying on the left side
with the knees flexed, or in the knee-chest position.
Once the protective cap has been removed, and the
prelubricated anatomically correct rectal tube gel/tly
inserted, simple manual pressure on the container
does the rest! Care should be taken to ensure that
the contents of the bowel are completely expelled. Left
......:6
colon catharsis is normally achieved in two to five
minutes, with little or no mucosal irritation, pain or
spasm. If a patient is dehydrated or debilitated,
hypertonic solutions such as FLEET ENEMA, must
be administered with caution. Repeated use at short
intervals is to be avoided. Do not administer to children
under six months of age unless directed by a physician.
And afterwards, no scrubbing, no sterilisation, no
preparation for re-use. The complete FLEET ENEMA
unit is simply discarded!
Every special plastic "squeeze-bottle" contains 4Y2
fl. oz. of precisely formulated solution, so that the
adult dose of 4 fl. oz. can be easily expelled. A patented
diaphragm prevents leakage and reverse flow, as well
as ensuring a comfortable rate of administration.
Each 100 cc. of FLEET ENEMA confains:
Sodium biphosphate. . . '. .... 16 gm.
Sodium phosphote . . . . . . . . . .. 6 gm.
For our brochure: "The Enema: Indications and Techniques".
containing full information, write to: Professional Service
Deportment, Charles E. Frosst & Co., P.O. Box 247,
Montreal 3, P.O.
with
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10 THE CANADIAN NURSE
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QUALITY PHARMACEUTICALS
&' ".lC
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&.Co.
0- MONTREAL CANADA
, WCANAD
'0
ad hoc committee of the Board under the
chairmanship of Miss E.A. Electa Mac-
Lennan.
The committee was appointed in February
1965 to draw up minimum standards for
physical facilities for nur
ing education.
The "Guidelines" are in accordance with
principles of education espoused by CNA.
The plan therefore provides guides for a
diploma nursing program conducted within
an educational institution in the general sys-
tem of education at the po
t-secondary level
and for the baccalaureate degree program
conducted as an integral part of a college
or university. This type of plan. which
would make the most effective and efficient
use of all types of teaching facilities, was
recommended by architecturdl consultants
from the Health Facilities Division of the
Department of National Health and Wel-
fare.
The final copy is intended as a working
document to aid nurses who might act as
advisors on building committees. It recom-
mends basic steps that would guide the nurse
to describe the functional program and to
help define needs in architectural design.
Basic requirements and space guide values
for teaching, faculty, administrative, and
supportive care areas are given.
The published document should be ready
sometime in the new year.
The Canadian Nurse Award
To Be Discontinued
Ottawa. - The Canadian Nurse Award,
formerly offered to first-year student nurses
who received the highest standing in theory
and practice in their class. is to be discon-
tinued December 3 I. 1967. The Board of
Directors of the Canadian Nurses' Associa-
tion recommended the termination of the
Award at its September meeting.
The award, consisting of a two-year sub-
scription to THE CANADIAN NURSE originally
was intended as a means of acquainting stu-
dent nurses with the Association's official
publication early in their training. As in-
creasing numbers of schools of nursing have
subscribed to the magazine. the usefulness
of the A ward has diminished. In addition.
with more than 170 Canadian schools of
nursing now in operation. administrative dif-
ficulties have compounded.
Halton County Off Greylist
Toronto. - The Registered Nurses' Asso-
ciation of Ontario and the Nurses' Associa-
tion Halton County Health Unit have an-
nounced that Halton County Health Unit is
no longer grey listed.
A collective agreement has been signed.
effective from October I. 1967 to December
31. 1968. The contract follows d year in
which the Registered Nurses' Association of
Ontario greylisted the southern Ontario
county; during this time no nurse applied for
a position within the health unit.
Salaries for public health nlJr
es are now
(C olllilllled Oil page /2)
NOVEMBER 1967
When did Niagara
come into the picture?
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A holiday bill. A clothing bill. A car repair
bill. They all seemed to come at once. Jane
needed money in a hurry.
Answer: A Niagara Loan. Jane talked it over
with the manager of the nearest Niagara
Office. Besides getting the money, she got a
lot of good advice on budgeting. With a
Niagara Loan, Jane was able to pay all her
bills at one time. And repay the loan on easy
terms to suit her budget.
When you need extra money for any good
reason, you can expect the same courteous,
quick service at anyone of 300 Niagara offices.
NIAGARA FINANCE
COMPANY LIMITED
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Member of the 8Group of Companies
,---------------------,
I CUSTOMER RELATIONS DEPARTMENT
I NIAGARA fiNANCE COMPANY LIMITED:
I 1320 GRAHAM BLVD. Town of Mount Royal, Que. I
I 0 I WOULD LIKE $ I
I 0 J WOULD LIKE FURTHER INFORMATION I
ABOUT NIAGARA LOAN PLANS
I N
E I
I I
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DDRESS _
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NOVEMBER 1967 THE CANADIAN NURSE 11
news
(Colltillued from page 10)
$5,350 to $6.550 per year with four annual
increments of $300 retroactive to February
I, 1967; and salaries for registered nurses
are $4,800 to $5,800 per year with four an-
nual increments of $250 retroactive to Feb-
ruary I, 1967.
On January I, 1968, the public health
salary range will be increased to $5,617.50 -
$6,817.50, with quarterly increments of
$300; and the registered nurses' range will
be increased to $5.040 - $6,040 per year,
with quarterly increments of $250.
For newly employed nurses, vacations will
be three weeks after one year of service and
four weeks after seven years' service. Pre-
sent employees will continue to receive four
weeks' vacation after one year of service.
There is no change in car allowance -
$45.00 per month plus 5(' per mile.
Automatic check-off of Association dues
is provided for future employees; individual-
ly authorized check-off is provided for pre-
sent employees.
Uniforms are provided at the Health
Unit's expense.
St. John Ambulance Course
Requires Nurse Volunteers
Ottawa.-"Every family in Canada with at
least one person trained in home nursing."
This is the objective of SI. John Ambu-
lance and it is a goal that has the support
of everyone familiar with today's patient
care needs. With hospital beds and prepared
nurses in such short supply, it is an obvious
solution to a pressing problem.
However, like many good ideas, it is
easier said than done. SI. John Ambulance
promotes a Home Nursing course, but a
shortage of registered nurses to teach the
course has caused classes to be cancelled in
some areas.
Some of the nurses who teach the course
are, of course, members of the SI. John Am-
bulance Association, but the majority are
not, as it would be impossible to provide
instruction in hundreds of different commu-
nities across Canada without the coopera-
tion of nurses who have no SI. John affi-
liation.
This cooperation has been excellent and
Miss Margaret M. Hunter, Chief Nursing
Officer of SI. John Ambulance, pays tribute
to the many registered nurses who, in 1966,
taught 500 SI. John classes and gave 10,000
hours of voluntary service to the St. John
Home Nursing program.
"But we need even more help from nurses
if we are to get our program into high
gear," says Miss Hunter. "I am sure that if
nurses know how great a contribution they
can make by undertaking to teach a St. John
Home Nursing class, we will have many
more volunteers from registered nurses."
12 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Miss Hunter points out that SI. John has
purposely set a high standard in its course
and this is why it insists on registered nurses
for instructors.
A new text has been prepared for the
course. Patiell1 Care ill the Home. was writ-
ten by two of Canada's best known nursing
authorities, Christine Livingstone, formerly
director-in-chief of the Victorian Order of
Nurses, and Pearl Stiver, formerly executive
secretary of the Canadian Nurses' Associa-
tion. An easy-to-read. information-packed
supplement to the course, it covers every-
thing from preparing an ice pack to deliver-
ing a baby.
The St. John course teaches the essentials
of keeping the family healthy, and how to
assist the visiting nurse or doctor when ill-
ness strikes. Topics covered include basic
nursing routine; care of the patient, includ-
ing bathing, back care, posture, and so on;
how to recognize the early signs of illness;
how to prevent the spread of infection; the
care of the convalescent, chronically ill, and
elderly; and describes simple treatments that
can be carried out in the home.
St. John Ambulance advertises the classes,
provides a classroom and all the necessary
supplies including a teaching outline and text-
book, and cooperates with the volunteer nurse
for the duration of the course. A two-hour
class once a week for eight weeks is usual.
Miss Hunter does not minimize the re-
sponsibility a nurse assumes when she vo-
"
Junteers to teach a class. "But most nurses
have found it a rewarding experience," she
says. "For one thing. it is a special service
that only nurses can give - a special need
only they can fill."
Sometimes two nurses prefer to share one
class. which usually consists of 15 to 20 stu-
dents. Many of the students are teenagers
and young women and the COurse provides
them with an opportunity to get a taste of
nursing and find out if they might wish to
make it a career.
In promoting home nursing. SI. John Am-
bulance is in tune with the time. The Royal
Commission on Health Service emphasized
the need for families to assume responsibili-
ty for caring for themselves, under medical
supervision, in all but cases of serious ill-
ness. The Emergency Health Services also
state that in case of disaster one person in
every home proficient in home nursing will
be an absolute necessity.
In 1966 more than 7.000 women and
girls took the SI. John Ambulance Home
Nursing course and another 1,200 lOok a
course in Child Care.
If more registered nurses volunteered to
instruct a class, this record could be doubled
or trebled easily in the current season.
Nurses who would like to help SI. John
carry out this worth-while program should
get in touch with their local SI. John Am-
bulance branch.
(Colltillued 011 paKe 14)
-
-
-
-'
--
- -
-,
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.
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-
/-
St John Ambulance is looking for volunteer nurses, such as in the photograph
above, to teach Home Nursing Courses in many communities across Canada.
NOVEMBER 1967
Opiates, radiation therapy,
oral contraceptives, motion,
ver · go, anesthesia and
ant · otics...
'-
...
,
\
I
there are so many reasons to remember
Gravol
Gravol (dimenhydrinate) available as: Gravol Tablets. 50 mg.; Gravol Capsules, 25 mg., for immediate
release, 50 mg., in sustained release form; Gravol Suppositories, 100 mg.; Gravol Paediatric Sup-
positories, 50 mg.; Gravol liquid. 45 mg., per tablespoonful; Gravol Ampoules (5 ee.) 10 mg. per ee.;
Gravol Vial (30 ee.) 10 mg. per ee.; Gravol i/m (5 ee.) 50 mg. per ee. Full information available on request.
FRANK W. HORNER LIMITED. MONTREAL, CANADA
NOVEMBER 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 13
news
(Continued from paRe 12)
Manitoba Hospital Commission
To Finance Nurse Refresher
Courses
WimlipeR. - Sister Beatrice Wambele,
newly appointed nursing consultant for the
Manitoba Association of Registered Nurses.
reported that the Manitoba Hospital Com-
mIssIon has offered to bear the costs of re-
fresher courses to help attract non-working
nurses back to the bedside.
Speaking to a conference of provincial
and national educational consultants in Ot-
tawa in mid-September, Sister Beatrice told
the group that the Hospital Commission has
expressed considerable concern over the
nursing shortage in the province. "They had
already sponsored a $50.000 program for
recrUitment of nurses from Great Britain.
and are prepared to help finance nurses who
are willing to emigrate to Canada." she said.
"We asked them if they would be prepared
NEW from
HOLLISTER
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space-saving dispenser box
- 0. 0 "
- ,
ready to use-no peeling
,
...
..
perfect prints
t=-
CJI
P""'''''''
-''
u
improved
DISPOSABLE
FOOTPRINTER
Now you can get perfect newborn foot-
prints more easily than ever before.
Hollister's all-new Disposable Foot-
Printer is ready for instant use the
moment you lift it from its new space-
saving dispenser box. A firm base and
rigid sides make it easy to hold, and
the new shallow cavity gives you just
the right amount of Ready-Rolled R-
Ink for a perfect set of correlated
mother-baby prints.
Write for free samples, using your
hospital or professional letterhead.
ON""'O I HOLLISTER
14 THE CANADIAN NURSE
HOLLISTER LIMITED. 160 BAY STREET' TORONTO 1
to spend some of the money on a program
designed to bring back nurses who were al-
ready in the province - and likely to re-
main there; they were most interested."
Saskatchewan Public Health
Says: tl Smile! You're On the
Fluoride Program"
Regina. - This year more Saskatchewan
children will benefit from the application of
topical fluoride to prevent dental decay. The
Saskatchewan Department of Public Health
has extended its preventive dental program
from four to 30 communities as part of its
epidemiological statistical studies.
Under the program, all children's dental
conditions are thoroughly assessed in ac-
cordance with the Canadian Dental Associa-
tion index. Those with serious dental prob-
lems have a record made of their prenatal
and childhood histories and of their dietary
habits; blood tests, urinalysis, and swab tests
are made and special diets recommended for
these children. All children involved in the
program receive applications of acidulated
phosphate fluoride to help prevent new cav-
ities.
Private dentists and physicians are cooper-
ating with the Dental Division of the De-
partment of Public Health in the program.
Hospital Association Urges
"Go Metric"
Torollto. - Hospitals throughout Ontario
have been urged by their provincial associa-
tion to make the switch to metric measure-
ment "as soon as feasible." And, as further
encouragement, the Ontario Hospital Asso-
ciation has sent every hospital administrator
in the province a specially prepared kit sug-
gesting how to do it.
The OHA believes that the advantages of
the metric system make its eventual adop-
tion throughout Canada a "logical certain-
ty." The introduction to the Metric COllver-
sion Kit for Hospitals cites many reasons
why it believes hospitals should lead the way
to metric. These include: the need for special
precision in all measurements related to pa-
tient care; the comparative simplicity of me-
tric calculations and reduced risk of error;
the already widespread use of metric in the
health sciences field; and the fact that the
metric system will be essential to future
computer applications in hospitals.
The decisions by the OHA Board of Di-
rectors to throw its weight behind the me-
tric movement was taken on the recommen-
dation of its Committee on Professional Re-
lations, headed by Dr. Hugo Ewart of the
Hamilton Health Association. Dr. Ewart, a
former president of the Ontario Medical As-
sociation, said that he foresees little real dif-
ficulty for any hospital that decides to make
the changeover. "For one thing," he said.
"all doctors become thoroughly familiar with
the metric system and its advantages in med-
ical school. The same is true of most para-
medical staff, especially those in hospital
laboratories and pharmacies.
NOVEMBER 1967
news
"The Hospital for Sick Children in Toron-
to amI the Hamilton Civic Hospitals have
already switched over completely to metric
me.lsurement and other ho
pitals in the Ha-
milton ared are preparing to do so shortly,"
Dr. Ewart said.
The 47-page booklet that introduces the
metric plan outlines organi2:dtional princi-
ples, areas to be converted, equipment,
forms, orientation, and publicity necessary
to implement the plan. and supplies such
additional aids as conversion tables, sample
memos, and sample publicity materials. A
brief summary of the conversion program
at the Hospital for Sick Children is given.
Nurses Represented at
Association Of Canadian Medical
Colleges Meeting
Ollawa. - The Canadian Nurses' Asso-
ciation and the Canadian Conference of
University Schools of Nursing were repre-
sented at the 25th annual meeting of the
Association of Canadian Medical Colleges.
Mrs. Lois Graham-Cumming, director, Re-
search and Advisory Services, CNA. and Dr.
Margaret Hart, president of the CCUSN.
were invited to be observers of the October
3-5 meeting in the Skyline Hotel, Ottawa.
In the opening addres
. Dr. G.M. Brown,
chairman of the Medic.II Research Council,
related the findings of the MRC survey of
medical research in Canada. He said that ;m
"unhealthy disparity" exi
ts among research
programs in Canadian medical schools. The
two largest medical schools in Canada. Tor-
onto and McGill. do about 10 times as
much research as the four smallest. Saskat-
chewan, Ottawa, Dalhousie. and Laval, he
asserted.
Other topics considered at the conference
were how to expand the supply of Canadian
medical graduates and the preparation of
the medical student for his role in p.ltient
care.
More Nursing Schools in Britain
To Welcome Male Students
LOlldoll, Ellglalld. - According to an
item in Nursillg Times, Guy's Hospital in
London will admit a small number of male
student nurses next year. At present the only
'London teaching hospital to admit men to
new cla"es b SI. George's Ho
pitaI.
The move to accept male students. in spite
of long waiting lists of suitable female ap-
plicants, is suggested because men tend to
stay in the profession longer than women.
because there is greater acceptance of the
idea that nursing is not solely a female pro-
fession and male nurses are needed, and be-
cause proportions in the birth rate are
changing. says the article.
(ColltilluC'd 011 page 16)
NOVEMBER 1967
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AIR - FLEX
01039
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THE SECRET
IS IN THE
hd
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it moulds itself to the shape of your
foot curve for curve, giving evenly
distributed buoyant support where it
is needed.
Conventional Insoles Cradle Arch Insole
But that's not all:
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foot. Now White Cross scientific
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At better shoe stores across Canada.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 1S
a show of hands...
nroves its smoothness
NEW FORMULA ALCOJEL, with
added lubricant and emollient, will
not dry out the patient's skin -
or yours!
ALCOJEL is the economical, modern,
jelly form of rubbing alcohol. When
applied to the skin, its slow flow
ensures that it will not run off, drip
or evaporate. You have ample time
to control and spread it.
ALCOJEL cools by evaporation.
cleans, disinfects and firms the skin.
Your patients will enjoy the
invigorating effect of a body rub with
Alcojel . . . the topical tonic.
r f . COOlin
e resh\t"9..' "g..
ALCOJEL
Send for a free sample
through your hospital pharmacist.
r
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ALCOJEL
Jellied
RUBBING
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WITH
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16 THE CANADIAN NURSE
news
(Continued from page 15)
Live Sabin Polio Vaccine
Replaces Salk in BC
Victoria. - Since August 1, 1967, the
free distribution in British Columbia of Sa-
bin live oral vaccine for the prevention of
paralytic poliomyelitis has completely re-
placed that of Salk vaccine.
The Sabin live oral vaccine, introduced
in 1962, has been shown in studies in the
United States and Canada to produce a
higher and more lasting level of antibodies
than Salk vaccine, which uses killed polio
virus.
Salk vaccine had been used in British Co-
lumbia since 1955.
Symposium on Sex Education
For Educators and Counselors
Toronto. - Physicians and nurses can
play an important role in family life educa-
tion through teacher training, through pre-
sentation of workshops, and through long-
range planning for sex education programs,
Dr. C. Bruce Hatfield, Calgary Internist,
told the Symposium on Family Life Educa-
tion meeting here. The one-day meeting,
held September 23, was sponsored by Ortho
Pharmaceutical (Canada) Ltd.
Doctors, nurses, lawyers, ministers, social
workers, and teachers should work together
to plan sex education programs, he said. A
well-prepared program may help people -
teenagers and adults alike - to consider
sexual relationship as an important expres-
sion of emotion.
Dr. Hatfield told the audience that only
recently has the physician begun to realize
that marital conflict and maladjustment play
an extremely important role in the ailments
of the office patient.
"Ideally," he said, "physicians and nurses
should receive training in family living as
part of undergraduate education." Doctors
and nurses have a responsibility to encour-
age curriculum changes and adequate in-
struction in human sexuality at graduate and
postgraduate levels, he advised.
Other speakers also stressed the total
community approach, through home, church,
medical profession, and school. Some 3000
educators, doctors. nurses. clergymen. and
social workers attended the symposium.
"Filling station homes," where families ar-
rive only for meals and parents are too busy
to communicate, frequently lead to the
children having babies out of wedlock, Sis-
ter Cabrini told the symposium. The home,
with its unique ability to make children feel
wanted, and to initiate a continuous educa-
tion toward responsibility in marriage, is a
crucial factor in family life education, she
said.
(Continued on page 18)
NOVEMBER 1967
REPROCESSING GLOVES? USING DISPOSABLES? --
- .
WASH
-=
. . .
DRY
'-
TEST
'1 :.
-----
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POWDER
--
.",
150 Gloves per hour
with ONLY One Operator
WITH THIS NEW AMSCO ROTARY SYSTEM
GLOVE REPROCESSING IS NOW
PRACTICAL IN YOUR HOSPITAL
Ask your AMSCO MAN
or write for Brochure MC-546
[I A
N
D
O
BETTER TO START WITH...
BEST TO STAY WITH!
news
(Continued from pa
e 16)
Sister Cabrini, director of the Pineview
Maternity Home, in Edmonton, said that in
the past two years increasing numbers of
teenage fathers, as well as teenage mothers.
have been seeking counseling advice.
There has been a great deal of talk about
sex in recent years, but there has been no
great change in sexual behavior over the
years, Dr. Mary S. Calderone, executive di-
rector, Sex Information and Education
Council of the United States, told the group.
Attitudes toward sex have been changing
and "social science observers theorize that
as of now we are at the moment of change,"
she said. "Behavior is about to conform to
the changed attitudes."
We have no choice about providing child-
ren with sex education, she claimed, because
they are getting it already "from numberless
sources around them."
"Our choice cannot be shall we or shan't
we b
t - what kind? how? when? where?
and particularly, to what goals?"
Dr. Calderone urged: increased research
into human sexual behavior; sharing of the
implications of this research among as many
elements of society as possible; encourage-
ment of discussion of sexuality and sexual
MOVING?
MARRIED?
behavior in the same composed and object-
ive fashion as other human phenomena; in-
creased awareness of mechanisms of child
development and help from society for
children needing sexual adjustment; univers-
al recognition of the complexities of the re-
lations between the sexes; understanding that
the sexual revolution is taking place along
with many forms of social change - racial,
socioeconomic, and others - and that the
relationships of sex need careful considera-
tion by religions; gaining cooperation of
young people in society's efforts to deal with
the entire problem.
BC Alters Policies
On National Health Grants
VanCOIH'er. - The British Columbia pro-
vincial government has modified its policies
in relation to National Health Grant Bursa-
ries at the request of the Registered Nurses'
Association of RC., Nan Kennedy, director
of education services, RNABC, told other
provincial nursing educators at a meeting in
Ottawa in September. The service commit-
ment has been altered and the RNABC was
given permission to sponsor applicants.
The change in policy was supported by the
Council of Hospitals with School of Nursing.
The length of the service commitment was
shortened. Two years of service with the
sponsoring agency is required for a one-year
bursary; after that only one year of service
for each additional year of financial sup-
port. The previous commitment was three
years of service for each year of support and
this meant that the nurse could be tied to an
organization for several years. Consequently,
in the past, available funds have not been
fully utilized for professional education be-
cause of a lack of suitable applicants. It is ex-
pected that more candidates will apply now.
Because the RNABC can now sponsor
candidates, the sponsored nurse
are not re-
qUIred to return to a specific agency, but
can go anywhere in the province. This is an
advantage both to the candidate and to the
province, Miss Kennedy believes. "It pre-
vents a nurse from having 10 remain in a
position for which she now may be over-
prepared, and it also prevents the urban
dredS, which are more likely to be in a posi-
tion to sponsor candidates, from tying up
all the applicants," she said.
Four RNABC-sponsored nurses were
granted bursaries for the 1967-1968 year, she
reported. One is studying for a doctoral degree
in education, one for a master's degree in
education, and two for their RSc.N. degrees.
New Electronic System
Aims To Decrease Hospital Costs
Wilmette. Illinois. - A new electronic
system for hospitals has been developed by
Dukane Corporation. The system. called
"Servo-Communications," is designed to con-
serve time of hospital personnel, and there-
(Continued on pa
e 20)
n
WISH AN ADJUSTMENT?
All correspondence to THE CANADIAN NURSE
should be accompanied by our most recent
address label or imprint. (Attach in space pro-
vided at right.)
---------------1
I
I ATTACH CURRENT LABEL or IMPRINT HERE I
to be assured of I
I accurate, fast service I
1______---------
ARE YOU
o Receiving duplicate copies?
o Actively registered with more than one pro-
vincial nurses' association?
permonent reg. no.
permonent reg. no.
PRINT NEW NAME and or ADDRESS BELOW
Miss/ Mrs.
Sister/Mr.
provinciol ossociotion
provinciol ossociation
city
o
Transferring registration from one provincial
nurses' association to another?
FROM:
provinciol oss'n.
TO:
nome (pleose prinf)
street oddress
zone
province
PLEASE ALLOW SIX WEEKS FOR PROCESSING
YOUR CHANGE
The Canadian Nurse cannot guarantee back copies
unless change or interruption in delivery is reported
within six weeks!
permonent reg. no.
ADDRESS ALL INQUIRIES TO:
The Canadian Nurse, Circulation Dept.
50 The Driveway
Ottawa 4, Canada
provincial oss'n. permonent reg. no.
OTHER ADJUSTMENT REQUESTED:
18 THE CANADIAN NURSE
NOVEMBER 1967
eiñiãssa e'
oki" "fr""'"" and 00dy _...
c:;ø LAKESIDE LABORATORIES (CANADA) LTD.
64 Colgate Avenue. Toronto e, Ontario
THE CANADIAN NURSE 19
your
Own
hands:
,
"'
soft testilnony to your patients' cOlnfort
Your own hands are testimony to Dermassage's effectiveness. Applied by your
soft, practiced hands, Dermassage alleviates your patient's minor skin irritations
and discomfort. It adds a welcome, soothing touch to tender, sheet-burned
skin; relieves dryness , itching and cracking. . . aids in preventing decubitus
ulcers, In short, Dermassage is "the topical tranquilizer". . , it relaxes the patient
. , . helps make his hospital stay more pleasant.
You will like Dermassage for other reasons, too. A body rub with it saves your time
and energy, Massage is gentle, smooth and fast. You needn't follow-up with
talcum and there is no greasiness to clean away, It won't stain or soil linens or
bed-clothes, You can easily make friends with Dermassage-send for a sample!
Now available in new, 16 ounce plastic container with convenient flip-top closure.
CM0
.TRADE:......RK
NOVEMBER 1967
,.
....
,,,
tr' · ...
-...-.
"41_...
Irn8SSaP
llittt .f.....
&0.1)' ".......
'-:",,..w. ............
news
(Continued from page /8)
by contribute to optimum care for patients.
"Servo-Communications" combines all
major hospital communication and time con-
trol systems serving patients. doctors, nurses,
administrators. and departments into a con-
solidated system, which incorporates all wir-
ing in a single installation with just one
major conduit.
The new system is designed to increase
the number of effective man-hours of most
employees, and thereby reduce the spiraling
costs of patient care. According to the Du-
kane corporation, manufacturers of the new
system. salaries now represent approximately
65 percent of the total operating cost of
health care facilities, and the number of
hospital employees per patient is approxi-
mately 2.5 to I.
The electronic concept encompasses va-
rious types of nurse-call equipment; several
specialized intercoms; public address facili-
ties; private automatic telephone networks;
room, corridor. and area light signalling sys-
tems; and synchronized clocks.
A manually-operated register system indi-
cates the presence of a hospital staff mem-
TO
PLAN
LIFETIME
FOR A
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Marriage i. a rMpon.ibility that often re-
quire. both .piritual and m.dical a..i.tanc.
from prof...ional peopl.. In many in.tanc..
a nurse may b. called upon for m.dical
coun..1 for the n.wly marri.d young wo-
man, mother. or a mature woman.
"To Plan For A Lif.tim., Plan With Your Doc-
tor" i. a pamphl.t that was wri".n to a..ist
in preparing a woman for pati.nt'phy.ician
di.cu..ion of family planning m.thod.. Th.
booklet .tr..... the importanc. to the indi.
vidual of sel.cting the m.thod that mo.t
.uits h.r religiou., m.dical, and p.ychological
n..d..
"-
\
, '-\
Nurse. are invit.d to u.. the coupon below
to ord.r copi.. for use a. an aid in coun-
..lIing. They will be .uppli.d by M.ad John-
.on Laboratori.. a. a free ..."ice.
Moa!Jjd ÌJiWJil
LABOR AT OR I ES
'l<..eseorcl/ /ár Li/è
I ORDER FORM
I
I PI.a.. ..nd
I Nam.
I Addr...
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----------1
I
copi.. of "To Plan For A Lifetim., Plan With You. I
Doctor" to:
I
I
I
I
To: Mead John.on Laboratori..,
95 St. Clair Avenu. We.t,
Toronto 7, Ontario.
20 rHE CANADIAN NURSE
her on an illuminated name plate by a
steady light, and a waiting message by a
flashing light.
To speed up admissions and reduce statis-
tical work, visual status indicator panels in
admissions and housekeeping offices reveal
whether each room or bed is "occupied,"
"unoccupied," or "available."
Other electronic functions include pillow
speaker units, each with a nurse can button,
TV, radio and room light controls; central
telephone dictation; elapsed time indicators;
multi-channel radio, TV signal distribution
l r .. ""1' J I -.-
"11-
I" II 1
I'! -
I
....
Nurse operates one component of the Servo-
Communications network - a nurse-call
system expandable to /00 station capacity.
and receivers, and educational closed cir-
cuit and video tape accommodations.
New fathers are catered to by a foot
switch of a special intercom in the nursery
that can broadcast the new baby's voice to
the visitors gallery.
Parkinson's Disease
Association Grows
Toronto. - New social groups of pa-
tients afflicted with Parkinson's Disease re-
cently have been formed in Montreal. Van-
couver and Winnipeg. The groups are affi-
liated with the Canadian Parkinson's Disease
Association - Association Canadienne du
Parkinson.
Marcel Latouche. president of the new
Montreal group, told the first meeting that
the voluntary association was formed to
aid some 5000 Quebec sufferers, of whom
3000 live in the Montreal region.
The national associatiQn was incorporated
under the Federal Corporations Act in April
1965. It is the result of a merger of two
Toronto groups that were interested in pa-
tients suffering from the chronic nervous
disease.
According to Charles S.M. Mortimer,
chairman of the Association, the basic ob-
jectives of the group are to assist in the
formation of social groups of Parkinson's
patients in communities across Canada; to
assist in the provision of supplementary
technical services and facilities to members
of the medical profession as required by
local circumstances; and, over the longer
term and when funds are available on a
continuing basis. to assist in the financing of
basic research. 0
NOVEMBER 1967
Today's teenagers:
the emotional ravages
of acne may now be a
thing of the past
,
---.....
.
The tragedy of acne touches all of us, either
personally or through friends. Acne is the
curse of growing up, the heritage of puber-
ty, an extra cross to bear through years of
emotional change and insecurity. Every
year it scars thousands of adolescents, many
of them for life.
Some learn to live with acne blemishes.
Some don't, because acne can affect psy-
chological development, too. It can choke
confidence, cause embarrassment and self-
consciousness.
Teachers know that the popular and out-
going student, the one who has interests
outside of class, is a better student and will
probably earn better marks. But the acne
sufferers tend to avoid dates. They are
reluctant to "show their faces". The result
is a loss of confidence.
Now this may all be changed. Recent
NOVEMBER 1967
research has developed a chemical com-
bination that works effectively in clearing
acne-ridden skin. Clinical studies indicate
that about eight out of every ten acne cases
can be either completely cleared or sub-
stantially improved. For a long time, this
compound was available only in the clinics
where the research was taking place. But
now it is commercially available, although
it can be used only under a doctor's direc-
tion and is obtainable only under pre-
scription.
The point is simple and obvious. Now acne
sufferers need not "grow out of" acne. If
you have acne, see your doctor. If you
know someone who has acne, tell him to
see his doctor. Now there is effective
treatment.
-published as a public service by FraDk W.
Horner Limited.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 21
names
The New Brunswick Association of Re-
gistered Nurses has awarded a $3000 bur-
sary to Anne D. Thorne of Saint John, New
Brunswick.
Miss Thorne, a graduate of the Saint
John General Hospital School of Nursing,
holds a B.Sc.N. from McGill University.
She is a past president of the NBARN, and
is presently associate director of nursing
education at the Saint John General Hos-
pital
Miss Thorne will attend Teachers Col-
lege, Columbia University, New York, for
a master's degree in nursing education.
Kathleen S. Willett
has joined the faculty
of the University of
Saskatchewan School
of Nursing as lectu-
rer.
A graduate of the
Ottawa Civic Hospi-
tal, Mrs. Willett ob-
tained a diploma in
administration of hospital nursing service
from the University of Saskatchewan. She
received a bachelor of nursing degree from
McGill University this year.
After working as a general duty nurse at
St. Eugene Hospital, Cranbrook, British
Columbia, she became nursing services su-
pervisor at Victoria Union Hospital in
Prince Albert, Saskatchewan. Before at-
teñding McGill, she was consultant for the
North Central Regional Hospital Council in
Prince Albert.
,.. ç
,
..
.
Helen M. Gemeroy
has been appointed
psychiatric nursing
consultant with the
World Health Organ-
ization at the Institute
of Neurology and Psy-
chology, University of
Taiwan. This will be
her second visit to the
Orient. In September, 1966, she spent twelve
weeks touring Japan, Taiwan, Thailand,
Malaysia, Singapore, India, and Ceylon,
sponsored by the educational fellowship of
the WHO.
For the past seven years she has been
assistant director of nursing, Allan Memorial
Institute, Royal Victoria Hospital, Mont-
real, and since 1964 has been associate pro-
fessor at the School for Graduate Nurses,
McGill University.
Mrs. Gemeroy has contributed greatly to
the improvement of the care of the men-
tally ill and to the promotion of mental
22 THE CANADIAN NURSE
hygiene. In 1943, while assistant supervisor
of nursing at The Allan Memorial Institute,
she designed and taught the first psychiatric
nursing program for students of the Royal
Victoria School of Nursing.
From 1948 to 1954 she was employed as
a social worker in the guidance clinic ser-
vice of the Division of Mental Health for
the Alberta Provincial Government. She
has conducted workshops in mental health
and psychiatric nursing in Alberta, Saskat-
chewan, and Quebec. She also has served
on the executive of the Canadian Confer-
ence of University Schools of Nursing; as
a member of the Scientific Planning Com-
mittee, Canadian Mental Health Associa-
tion; and as a member of the working party
on building standards for mental health
facilities, Hospital Design Division, De-
partment of National Health and Welfare.
Her present interest in the East was
sparked by the increasing numbers of
Oriental students participating in the gra-
duate nursing program at McGill Univer-
sity. She found that many students who have
received a western education are discourag-
ed at the slow rate of change in their na-
tive countries.
According to the MOil/real Star, Mrs.
Gemeroy's objective at the University of
Taiwan will be "to assess the mental health
and psychiatric nursing programs there and
determine whether further assistance is
needed from WHO." Her future plans in-
clude "developing nursing and community
health services - that is in strengthening
the link between hospital services and ser-
vices offered within the community by or-
ganizations like the VON."
Rahno M. Beamish
recently retired from
the position of direc-
tor of nursing at the
Kitchener - Waterloo
General Hospital.
Miss Beamish grad-
uated from Toronto
Western Hospital in
1919, and took post-
graduate studies at McGill University,
Montreal, and at the College of Hospital
Administrators in Chicago, Illinois. Her
wide and varied nursing experience includ-
ed six months of public health nursing, two
years private duty nursing, four years teach-
ing and four years supervision. At Toron-
to Western Hospital, she was assistant su-
perintendent of nurses for 10 years. She
then spent three years as superintendent of
Owen Sound Hospital, 10 years as super-
intendent of the Sarnia General Hospital
and the past 12 years as the director of
-
...
"
nursing at the Kitchener-Waterloo Hospital.
Miss Beamish's genuine interest, ability
and leadership in nursing have contributed
greatly to the profession and its related or-
ganizations. She has served as president of
the Toronto Western Hospital Alumnae;
chairman of the Nurse Education Section,
R.N.A.O.; chairman of District No.5,
R.N.A.O.; chairman of a committee to study
standards of nursing procedures, and presi-
dent of the Registered Nurses' Association
of Ontario.
From 1932 to 1956, Miss Beamish was
on the Board of Directors of the Ontario
Hospital Association, and in 1950-51 was
on the Board of Directors of the Canadian
Nurses' Association. She was a member of
the Ontario Health Survey Committee from
1948 to 1949. As a representative of the
R.N.A.O., she was appointed to the Advi-
sory Board, Faculty of Nursing, University
of Western Ontario in 1952, and in 1953
to the board of the East Windsor Hospital.
While in Sarnia she was a member of
the Advisory Committee of the Victorian
Order of Nurses, the Cerebral Palsy So-
ciety, and the Cancer Society Educational
Program. In 1952 she became the first pre-
sident of the Sarnia Zonta International
Club, a position she held until 1954.
In 1954-1955, Miss Beamish conducted a
pilot survey on rehabilitation in the three
counties in Ontario. In 1965, she received
a fellowship in the Royal Society of
Health. She was named "Woman of the
Year, for outstanding service in the com-
munity," twice during her career.
Prior to her retirement, the Board of Di-
rectors of the Kitchener-Waterloo Hospital
set aside "Rahno Beamish Day" in her
honor, at which time many distinguished
guests and friends from all over the prov-
ince gathered to express their high esteem
for this dedicated nurse.
Christene Miller, a
high school nurse in
Knowlton, Quebec, re-
cently was awarded
"" the Fellowship of the
American School
Health Association.
Included among the
qualifications for this
honor are academic
and professional degrees and special effi-
ciency in school health work.
Miss Miller is a graduate of the Sher-
brooke Hospital. She spent two years in
private nursing before moving to the Mont-
real Neurological Institute where she re-
ceived a certificate in neurology and neuro-
surgery from McGill University. At
NOVEMBER 1967
Shaughnessy Military Hospital she speÓal-
ized in the treatment of tuberculosis and
lung cancer.
In 1948. she returned to the Eastern
Townships to become nurse for 13 schools
in Brome County, and from 1950 to 1960,
held a similar position in Shefford County.
Sister Margaret
Mooney recently was
appointed assistant
professor and acting
director of Queen's
University School of
Nursing, Kingston,
Ontario.
A graduate of the
Hotel Dieu Hospital
School of Nursing in Cornwall. she received
a B.Sc.N. Ed. degree from the University of
Ottawa in 1949. In 1963 St. Louis Uni-
versity granted her a M.N.Sc. degree in
guidance and counseling, and she is pres-
ently working toward a M.Ed. degree at
the University of Ottawa.
Sister Mooney was director of nursing
at Hotel Dieu Hospital in Cornwall for
four years and at the Hotel Dieu Hospital
in Kingston for six years. She became as-
sistant director of the University of Otta-
wa School of Nursing in 1964, and in 1965
moved to Kingston to become assistant
professor at Queen's University.
She assumed her present position in Sep-
tember I. 1967.
Joan C. Macdonald
has been appointed di-
rector of the College
of Nurses of Ontario.
effective in June 1968
when Miss Jean Watt,
the present director,
retires.
A graduate of the
School of Nursing.
Toronto Western Hospital. Miss Macdonald
I earned a Bachelor of Nursing degree from
McGill University, Montreal. She is present-
ly studying for a Master of Arts degree in
Educational Administration at the Universi-
ty of Toronto.
The education of nurses has been Miss
Macdonald's chief interest. She has taught in
several schools of nursing, including the
Nightingale School in Toronto, and lectured
at the McGill University School for Gra-
duate Nurses. She recently conducted, for
the College of Nurses. a series of institutes
for nurses to be employed as teaching assist-
ants in Ontario schools of nursing.
For some years, Miss Macdonald was
chairman of the Committee on Nursing
Education of the Registered Nurses' Asso-
ciation of Ontario. She has also been a rep-
resentative of the RNAO on the Council of
the College of Nurses and a member of the
Educational Advisory Committee of the Col-
k
. 0
NOVEMBER 1967
"\
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;... ,
by TI(J\'(SI:I
THE SUPPORT STOCKING WOMEN RELY
ON FOR COMFORT WITH A FASHION LOOK
Supp-hose has steadily gained the loyalty of
many Canadian women who buy it again and
again because it provides the two factors
wanted most in a
upport stocking: firm, two-
way support that's attractively appropriate
for street and dress wear. Recommend Supp-
hose for a fashionable solution to mild vari-
'Can, Pat. 570201 q'.M. Reg.
cosities and leg fatigue among women who
spend many hours daily on their feet: house-
wives, nurses, teachers. waitresses, salesclerks
and hairdressers, Your patients will doubly
appreciate all-nylon Supp-hose Regular for
its long-lasting wear and economy.
Supp-hosè t Stockings
bY'i'KAYSER
fine product' of c'll Kayser-Rolh of Canada
THE CANADIAN NURSE 23
new products
{
Descriptions are based on information
supplied by the manufacturer and are
provided only as a service to readers.
Head Halter
(F. LONGDON CO.)
Description - A head halter made of
white nylon lined with flannelette designed
to comfortably position the head of a pa-
tient sitting upright in a chair. Straps ex-
tending upward from a contoured chin
strap can be adjusted to fit snugly over
the head and are held in place by Velcro
tape. Tie tapes fastened to either side of
the halter hold the head in place by their
attachment to the portion of the chair
behind the patient's head.
Although the method of attachment will
vary with the type of chair used, there
should always be a straight pulI to give
the support needed to keep the head up-
right.
It may be purchased from: F. Longdon
Co. (Canada) Ltd., 624 King Street West,
Toronto 28, Ontario.
I
I
Robitussin-PE
(ROBINS)
Description - Each 5 cc. teaspoontul of
Robitussin contains 100 mg. glyceryl guaia-
24 THE CANADIAN NURSE
colate and 10 mg. phenylephrine hydro-
chloride. It is indicated for the temporary
relief of nasal congestion and cough of the
common cold, paranasal sinusitis, or other
upper respiratory illnesses in which these
symptoms occur.
For further information write to A.H.
Robins Company of Canada, Ltd. 5950
Cote de Liesse, Montreal 9. Quebec.
Aeroplast Dressing
(PARKE-DAVIS)
Description - A sterile spray-on plastic
bandage or protective surgical dressing that
forms a tough, flexible, transparent, and
vapor-permeable protective film.
Indications Used over surgical
wounds to prevent contamination and ex-
ternal friction. Prevents excoriation around
ileostomies, colostomies. and fistulas. When
applying the dressing for this purpose, a
piece of cotton or gauze should be placed
over the stoma or fistula before spraying
Aeroplast Dressing over the adjacent skin
area. It helps in the prevention and treat-
ment of pressure sores by protecting against
friction. It has been used extensively for
fastening of skin grafts, occlusion of severe
bums, protection of openly reduced frac-
tures, friction. prevention under skin-tight
casts, prevention of tape irritation, and
avoidance of urine irritation after episio-
tomy.
For further information contact Parke,
Davis & Company, Ltd., 5910 Côte de
Liesse, Montreal 9, Quebec.
Kleen Air
(POSEY)
Description - An odorless, nontoxic
deodorizer that stops odors arising from
tobacco smoke, bed pans, bed wetting, and
similar sickroom conditions. Kleen Air is
effective 24 hours per day, for an entire
year. To use, just remove cap and place
container in any convenient location in the
area to be deodorized. It has no wick or
perfume spray action, but works automat-
icalIy when uncapped.
Inquiries regarding this item or the 10-
day trial period should be directed to your
local equipment dealer, or to the J.T. Posey
Company, 39 S. Santa Anita Avenue, Pasa-
dena. California 91107.
Endocervical Aspirator
(HOlLISTER)
Description - A pre-sterilized single-
use individually packaged endocervical as-
pirator that colIects exfoliative endocervical
celIs from the adult female for cytologic
examination. Used as a supplement to the
Papanicolaou Smear, this instrument enables
earlier diagnosis of cervical and uterine
cancer by colIecting fresh, whole endocervi-
cal celIs by a combination of suction and
mechanical action.
Procedure - The doctor inserts the as-
pirator into the vagina through a vaginal
speculum and the tip is positioned beyond
the external cervical os. The obtruder is
gently extended into the uterus and gathers
a mucous specimen with minimal discom-
fort to the patient.
Contraindications - Endocervical aspir-
ations should not be carried out during
known or suspected pregnancy.
Additional information and samples may
be obtained by writing, on professional
letterhead, to HolIister Incorporated, 211
East Chicago Ave., Chicago, Illinois, 60611.
cB
Rheumanosticon
(ORGANON)
Description - A simple, rapid slide test
using fingertip blood for the identification
of the rheumatoid factor, present in most
cases of rheumatoid arthritis. AIl equipment
required to perform a quick test on whole
blood or serum is included in the Rheu-
manosticon kit.
Rheumanosticon employs an agglutination
procedure using polystyrene latex particles
coated with a layer of adsorbed human
gamma globulin. The rheumatoid factor
present in blood or serum reacts with the
coating material causing a visible agglu-
tination of the inert latex particles. This
test may be carried out in the ward or
in the laboratory.
For further information write to: Diag-
nostic Products, Organon Inc., West Orange,
New Jersey.
Innovar
(McNEIL)
Description - Innovar injection is best
described as an adjunct to inhalation (gen-
eral) anesthesia or as a component of
"balanced anesthesia." Results are obtained
through the individual actions of its
two components: Sublimaze (fentanyl) and
NOVEMBER 1967
I new products
In.lpsine (droperidol). It produces an effect
characterized by psychic detachment or
dissociation and profound analgesia lasting
well into the postoperative period. When
used as an adjunct. Innovar contributes
significantly to the intensification of at
least two of the four basic requirements
for ideal surgical anesthesia. It reduces
neurophysiologic reflex activity. by virtue
of the adrenergic-blocking action of drop-
eridol. and provides intense analgesia, the
primary pharmaco-dynamic effect of fen-
tanyl.
Indications - For use as an adjunct to
nitrous oxide-oxygen anesthetic techniques
in major and minor surgery. Because of
its stabilizing effects on the cardiovascular
system. the adjunctive use of Innovar is
of particular use in geriatric. debilitated.
and poor-risk patients. and good-risk pa-
tients undergoing protracted surgery.
Precautions - Care is recommended in
using Innovar on patients with moderate
to severe liver or renal impairment. intra-
'cranial space-occupymg lesions, bronchial
asthma. and respiratory or metabolic aci-
dosis It is not recommended for pregnant
women. Respiratory depression is the most
common side effect; muscular rigidity,
laryngospasm. bronchospasm. reduced pul-
monary compliance. and/or apnea also may
occur. Unusual sensitivity to Inapine or
Sublimaze are the only contra indications.
Such reactions have not been reported to
date.
For further information, contact: McNeil
Laboratories (Canada) Limited. Don Mills,
Ontario.
Triaminic Expectorant
(ANCA)
Description - A combined decongestant
(triaminic) and expectorant (glyceryl guaia-
colate) for relief of nasal congestion and
cough-provoking postnasal drip. It helps res-
tore free breathing. soothes irritated respi-
ratory mucosa. and liquifie
and loosens
tenacious sputum.
Indications - For temporary relief of
coughs and nasal congestion due to the
common cold.
Dosage - Adults: 2 teaspoonfuls every
four hours. Children six to twelve years: I
teaspoonful every four hours. Do not ex-
ceed four do
es in 24 hours.
Precautions - Drowsiness. blurred vision,
cardiac palpitations. flushing, dizziness, ner-
vousness or g,lstrointestinal upset may occur
occasionally. Patient should be advised not
to drive a car or operate dangerous machin-
ery if he feels drowsy. U
e with caution
in patients with hypertension. heart disease.
diabetes, or thyrotoxicosis. For further in-
formation. write: Anca Laboratories, 1377
Lawrence Ave.. E.. Toronto. Ontario.
Literature Available
A four-page brochure on AEL Phono-
catheters for cardiac and urological diag-
nosis is offered by Americ.ln Electronic
Laboratories. Inc. This booklet has been
written to f.lmili:Jrize medical personnel with
the characteristics and applications of these
phonocatheters that employ a barium titan-
ate cartridge as a sound-pickup in the cath-
eter tip.
In addition to specifications of their
three models. charactenstics are given on
AEL's Preamplifier that has been transis-
torized 10 give optimum results with the
audio section of the AEL Catheters. Micro-
phonics, commonly .I
sociated with high
input impedance tube amplifiers are elimi-
nated through its use.
This brochure is available by writing to
American Electronic Laboratories, Inc.,
Biomedical Division. P.O. Box 552. Lands-
dale, Pennsylvania 19446. U.S.A. 0
...
r
:\
i(
special products
for patient care
A.R.D.<!!>
Unique butterfly-shaped anorectal
dressing stays comfortably in
place without tape. Sterile. highly
absorbent, lint free. Supplied
In boxes of 24_
\
,
)1/
.,
JP
'
CHASE
HOSPITAL
DOLLS
For demonstrating and practicing the
newest nursing techniques . lavage and
gavage . tracheotomy and colostomy,
and their post-operation care . nasal
and otic irrigations . catheterization and
all abdominal irrigations . subcutane-
ous, intramuscular and intradermal injec-
tions . and all standard nursing procedures.
let us tell you about the new features we
have added to this world-famous teaching
aid. Write to
M. J. CHASE Co. Inc.
Pawtucket
C_
- -,
SCOPETTESQ!)
Proctol09ic and gynecol09ic
swabs with tiPS of pure. lon9 fiber
rayon. Free of troublesome lint
and wisps. Uniform cushion-end
safeguards tissues. Tips secured
with non-toxic vegetable 9lue.
8" and 16" len9ths. Cases of 500.
vJ WI
O
;
f:ORRIS
\ MONTREAL
r.. tfadem.,Þ,s 0' Fuller P".,mac8u1Ica' Compllny
156 Broadway
Rhode Island
"NOVEMBER 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 25
..
FULLER@ SHIELD
Protective dressln9 holds other
dressings in place and prevents
staining of Imens aller pilonidal.
proctol091c or perineal surgery.
Adjustable sizes 24-48.
Individually packaged.
2795 BATES ROAD
('0.
r.T/).
CANADA
Work loads are increasing. Cost of Jiving is going up. Attrition rates are rising.
Recruitment is down and salaries are low. What are Canadian nurses doing
about ill
....
. .
.$ .
. . . .
. ,. .
. .
,. ... þ þ
UpS . .
. .
. . .
and downs . .
þ . .
.
of þ
.
.
.
economic . IÞ .
.
progress Glenna Rowsell
Things do not get better by being
left alone. Unless they are adjusted
they explode with a 'Shattering detona-
tion. - Winston Churchill.
Churchill's words aptly apply to
the social and economic history of
nurses in C:'_nada. In past years,
nurses have accepted, without overt
opposition. salaries and working con-
ditions that have ignored their quali-
fications, experience, and responsibil-
ities.
Nurses have come through several
decades where it was believed unpro-
fessional to talk about or bargain for
money; because of this they have
slipped down the economic ladder,
while other professional and occupa-
tional groups have climbed.
Suddenly there has been "a shatter-
ing detonation." Headlines from coast
to coast report such items as "CNA
Supports Nurses' Rights to Bargain."
"Nurses Get Pay Hike Under First
Contract," "Nurses' Dispute Not Solv-
ed," "Nurses Threaten to Resign,"
Miss Rowsell is Nursing Consultant. Social
and Economic Welfare. Canadian Nurses'
Association, Ottawa. Canada.
26 THE CANADIAN NURSE
and "Battling Nurses Air Views."
These are but a few of the reports
from papers across the country.
Overview
What does it '111 mean? What has
happened during the past two to three
years to create this change?
It appears that no one situation
is the cause; the controversy has bcen
simmering for a long time. Nurses
have watched the considerable salary
gains made by workers in industry
and in other professions; they have
found it increasingly difficult to live
on salaries that have never been ad-
justed to meet the high cost of living
in an affluent socicty; and they have
grown discontent with the increased
workload and poor working condi-
tions in hospitals and their effect on
patient care. Also. nurses have begun
to realize that as a profession they
are responsible for the future of that
profession. and that low economic
status can be a determining factor in
the recruitment of young people in a
very competitive society. Low salaries
and poor working conditions also de-
ter qualified nurses from remaining in
NOVEMBER 1967
nursing practice as they had planned.
Across the nation, nurses' salaries
are still considerably lower than those
of teachers and other professional
groups who have similar post-high
school education and experience.
Concern of provincial associations
In the past, nurses' associations in
each province assumed responsibil-
ity for social and economic welfare
of members. They published recom-
mended personnel policies yearly and
distributed them to employers of nurs-
es and to nurses themselves. The
main objective was to provide nurses
with employment standards that
could be used to support negotiations
for better working conditions.
These policies brought about little
change in the employment situation.
Too frequently they were regarded
merely as suggestions by employers,
and ignored. The realization that
other methods had to be used if
change were to be effected brought
about a revolution in the approaches
to employment relations.
Now, two provincial registered
nurses' associations have become rec-
ognized as official bargaining agents
under the provincial Labour Rela-
tions Acts. One other provincial as-
sociation has initiated a voluntary
negotiation plan whereby the associa-
tion employs a personnel consultant
who advises and assists nursing
groups when personnel policies are
under discussion. The other provin-
cial associations advise and assist
members through a special committee
on employment relations, and have
greatly increased their influence in
this area.
Six provincial assocIatIOns now
have a full-time employment relations
officer who is fully conversant with
federal and provincial legislation and
who can promote social and econ-
omic welfare of members, advise re-
garding personnel policies, programs,
and changes, and study complaints or
problems in employment relations.
Although there is no specific provi-
sion made for nurses under provincial
NOVEMBER 1967
labor relations legislation, the asso-
ciations are able to enter into vol-
untary collective negotiations with
employers. However, under voluntary
negotiations the employer is not com-
pelled to recognize the group as being
representative of all nurses in his em-
ploy, nor does he have to listen to
them.
In provinces where nurses are ac-
tively engaged in collective bargain-
ing, increased understanding between
nurses and their employers is grow-
ing. Nurses also have a greater feeling
of security knowing that they have a
voice in planning their working con-
ditions.
Because the approaches differ from
province to province, and show inter-
esting characteristics, they will be dis-
cussed individually.
British Columbia
The Registered Nurses' Association
of British Columbia initiated its em-
ployment relations program in 1942
with a thorough study of employee-
employer relations. The Association
decided to make use of the Labour
Relations Act of British Columbia
and requested official recognition as
bargaining agent for its members; this
recognition was granted in 1946. It
included the right to bargain for all
graduate nurses below the level of as-
sistant director of nurses.
Until 1959, the Association bar-
gained with individual employers
(hospitals or agencies). It became in-
creasingly difficult to finalize agree-
ments with some hospitals because
there was no assurance that the in-
creased staff budget would be ap-
proved by the provincial government,
which paid the bills. As a result, the
B.c. Hospital Association requested
a meeting with the RNABC to dis-
cuss province-wide bargaining. The
plan was approved, with the under-
standing that the RNABC bargain
with a committee of the B.c. Hos-
pital Association.
Today. the RNABC is certified as
the bargaining authority for 78
groups of nurses employed by 62 hos-
pitals, 13 public health agencies, 1 in-
dustry, 1 doctor's clinic, and 1 medi-
cal insurance agency.
Province-wide bargaining with the
B.C. Hospital Association is conduc-
ted for nurses employed by hospitals.
The province is divided into eight
hospital regions and the staff repre-
sentatives in each region choose one
of their number to be a member of
the Provincial Bargaining Committee.
The Hospital Association chooses a
similar committee and these two com-
mittees negotiate agreements for all
hospitals concerned. Victorian Order
of Nurses agreements are negotiated
on a group basis; all other agreements
are with individual employers.
Alberta
Alberta's nurses became actively
engaged in collective bargaining in the
early I 960s.
In 1962 the Alberta Association of
Registered Nurses passed a resolution
that when and wherever three or
more nurses are employed, regardless
of category, a staff nurses' association
recognized by administration could be
formed.
In 1964, the AARN and the Al-
berta Hospital Association were un-
able to reach an agreement on mu-
tually recommended salary sched-
ules and personnel policies for their
respective members. Consequently,
separate recommendations were pub-
lished. The salaries recommended
showed wide variations between hos-
pitals and this was generally con-
sidered to be unfair.
Changes in the Registered Nurses'
Act, passed by the provincial legis-
lature in April 1966, provide that the
AARN, when requested to do so by
a majority of a group of members,
may act as a bargaining agent under
the Alberta Labour Act on behalf of
the group of members.
There are now 53 staff nurse as-
sociations formed in hospitals and
health agencies in the province. Four
of these have the AARN as certified
bargaining agent; eight others are cer-
tified as individual bargaining units;
THE CANADIAN NURSE 27
the remammg 38 are recognized on a
voluntary basis. Negotiations have
been carried out on both individual
and group bases on behalf of nurses
employed in hospitals.
Public health nurses also are show-
ing increased interest in collective
bargaining, and staff nurses' associa-
tions have been organized for these
agencies. Some have been certified
and two contracts have been signed.
The Alberta Hospital Association
has recommended to the AARN that
they get together on province-wide
bargaining. In 1967, it was the opin-
ion of nurses that it was not to their
advantage to do so, but in 1968 the
nurses of Alberta again will discuss
this proposal.
Saskatchewan
In 1964, the Saskatchewan Regis-
tered Nurses' Association, at the re-
quest oÎ its membership, established
a special committee to study the pros
and cons of collective bargaining for
nurses in the province.
Although the Trade Union Act was
amended in June 1966 and permits
the SRNA to act on behalf of its
members in work and wage disputes,
the Association decided to seek its
own legislation for nurses. It is be-
lieved that a special Bill on collective
bargaining for nurses would be better
suited to the objectives of the pro-
fessional association. A brief was sub-
mitted to the Minister of Public Health
concerning the Association's decision
to move into collective bargaining and
asking for the necessary changes in
legislation and the SRNA is presently
working on a draft bill.
The SRN A, after a ballot vote by
members, also has asked for collec-
tive bargaining rights on behalf of
nursing assistants.
Manitoba
The Maitoba Association of Regis-
tered Nurses has proposed employment
standards for 1968 and is now pre-
pared to act as bargaining agent for
groups of registered nurses. MARN
will negotiate either on a voluntary
basis, or, if necessary, apply for cer-
28 THE CANADIAN NURSE
tification under the eXlstmg Labour
Relations Act. Under this Act, no
person in a management posItIOn can
be part of the group; at present, then,
assistant directors of nursing or those
in higher positions cannot join bar-
gaining groups.
It is expected that by the spring
of 1968, MARN will be actively in-
volved in collective bargaining. Staff
nurse associations are being formed
at the present time.
Untario
In 1965, following a test case in
which the Registered Nurses' Asso-
ciation of Ontario was prevented from
acting on behalf of a public health
group, the Association presented a
proposed Nurses' Collective Bargaining
Act to the Ontario Cabinet. To date
this Act has not been presented to
the Legislature. The RNAO believes
that there are disadvantages in the pre-
sent Labour Relations Act under which
its members must function; one of the
most important is the composition of
the bargaining unit as defined by the
Act. The Association has been given
to understand by the Minister of
Health that either the special nurses'
Act will be considered in the Legis-
lative Assembly or the Labour Rela-
tions Act will be amended to make
it more suitable for professional
groups.
Meanwhile, the RNAO is assisting
staff nurse associations to organize
and negotiate individual contracts with
hospitals and public health units. Some
of these agreements are negotiated on
a voluntary basis, others through cer-
tification. As of June, 1967, more than
30 local nurses' associations have been
organized; many have been certified,
others have achieved voluntary rec-
ognition. Contracts have been signed
by nurses in hospitals and public
health units, and many are in the
process of negotiation.
Quebec
The Labour Code of Quebec re-
quires that individuals have the right
of free association; each individual
must be able to belong to the associ a-
tion of his choice regarding labor
relations activities. Therefore, the As-
sociation of Nurses of the Province
of Quebec in its present structure is
ineligible as a bargaining group be-
cause its membership includes both
employee and management (supervi-
sory) groups.
In the Act respecting the Association
of Nurses of the Province of Quebec,
1946, provision is made for each local
association to negotiate, conclude,
and sign as agent and proxy col-
lective contracts or agreements in the
name of any group of members of the
local association residing and practicing
in the territorial jurisdiction.
This right was not used until late
in 1966 when the English Chapter,
District II of the ANPQ, organized
the United Nurses of Montreal. At
present, staff nurse associations are
being certified and collective bargain-
ing is in pro::ess in some units.
Three other syndicats or organiza-
tions also bargain for nurses in Que-
bec. In the Quebec City area an inde-
pendent Catholic Nurses' Association
known as SPIC (Syndicats profession-
nels des infirmières catholiques) con-
tracts with hospitals on behalf of ap-
proximately 3,400 nurses. About 3,000
French-speaking nurses in Montreal
area belong to l'Alliance des Infirmiè-
res, an affiliate of the Confederation
of National Trade Unions (CNTU)
and are included in one agreement. A
second group of English-speaking
nurses, known as the Metropolitan
Association of Nurses of Montreal, has
organized for purposes of collective
bargaining; it consists mainly of nurs-
es from th.:: Jewish General Hospital.
New Bmmwick
At present, nurses in New Bruns-
wick are excluded from the Labour
Relations Act.
Early in 1966, the provincial leg-
islature invited briefs on possible
changes to the Labour Relations Act.
The New Brunswick Association of
Registered Nurses submitted a brief
asking for the removal of the clause
that prohibits nurses from bargaining
collectively.
NOVEMBER 1967
A second brief was submitted by the
NBARN to the Royal Commission on
Collective Bargaining and the Public
Service. Six recommendations were
made to this Commission: I. that nurs-
es be given collective bargaining rights
under legislation; 2. that negotiations
take place directly with the provincial
government; 3. that the provincial gov-
ernment be given the responsibility of
enforcing any agreement signed; 4.
that any deadlock in negotiations be
settled by arbitration; 5. that the arbi-
tration be tried for a period of three
years and if it is found to be unsat-
isfactory, nurses have the legal right
to change arbitration procedures to
work slow down; and 6. that a separate
Act governing Labour Relations for
Public Service Personnel be incor-
porated.
The Select Committee of the Legis-
lature will not make its recommenda-
tions until it has studied the report
of the Royal Commission on Collec-
tive Bargaining and the Public Service.
Meanwhile. the NBARN has com-
pleted voluntary negotiations with the
government for salaries and working
conditions for nurses for 1967 and
1968.
Prince Edward Island
Nurses in Prince Edward Island are
excluded from the Industrial Relations
Act. No action has been taken to date
to seek amendments to the Act.
The Association of Nurses of Prince
Edward Island has initiated an inten-
sive education program to inform its
members about collective bargaining.
In 1968 it hopes to take the neces-
ary steps toward collective bargain-
mg.
Nova Scotia
Nurses in Nova Scotia have not yet
become involved in collective bargain-
ing. If the members so desired, the
Registered Nurses' Association of
Nova Scotia would be able to negotiate
under the present Labour Relations
Act. The Association is currently
planning educational programs to in-
form its members on means of improv-
ing working conditions and salaries.
NOVEMBER 1967
N ewfollndland
The Association of Registered Nurs-
es of Newfoundland negotiates directly
with government for salary increases.
A salary brief was presented to the
Minister of Health in November 1966.
As a result, the government recently
approved a major increase in salary
over a two-year period. The govern-
ment is in no way obligated to nego-
tiate with nurses. It in not known
whether or not the Association could
become certified under the present
Ldbour Relations Act.
The CNA Role
Professional associatIOns have, as a
primary function, the maintenance and
improvement of ethical and profes-
sional standards in education and ser-
vice. There is, however, no conflict
between this goal and a firm stand on
sound econon;ic and social welfare for
the members; in fact economic and
social security is essential to maintain
and improve standards of education
and service.
As long ago as 1944, the Canadian
Nurses' Association recognized this
and approved the principle of collec-
tive bargaining as a means of aiding its
members.
The CNA recently changed its
structure to provide for a strong and
workable Social and Economic Wel-
fare Committee. It has also set up a
Consultant service in this field, under
the Research and Advisory Depart-
ment. Personnel assigned to this area
are responsible for interpreting and
administering the policies established
by the membership and the Board of
Directors. Services offered include con-
sultant service to provincial associa-
tions on specific problems, develop-
ment of educational programs, research
and provision of data, and coordina-
tion of activities.
The Social and Economic Welfare
Committee, at its meeting in March,
1967, proposed a national salary goal:
$6,000 annually for beginning practi-
tioners graduating from a diploma
program; and $6,600 annually for be-
ginning practitioners from a baccalau-
reate program in nursing.
Salaries are not the only concern of
the Committee. CNA is investigating
and advising on superannuation bene-
fits, and has established the Canadian
Nurses' Association Retirement Plan.
This pension plan allows either for
employer-employee shared savings or
for personal contributions from nurses
who are self-employed or employed
where there is no employer contribu-
tion available. The CNA also has gone
on record as approving the principle
of portable pension plans.
The national association currently
is preparing a brief for submission to
the Royal Commission on the Status
of Women. It is anticipated that this
brief will comment on the lower
salaries offered to women in positions
of equal responsibility to men, pro-
pose revised taxation policies, advise
establishment of day care centers to
facilita
e the employment of working
mothers, and ask for stronger legis-
lation on maternity leave without loss
of status or benefits.
National offi::e staff is collecting in-
formation on national employment
standards such as fringe benefits, va-
cation, leave of absence. Provincial
counterparts will be asked to com-
ment on these matters and recommen-
dations may be made by the committee
at a later date.
Bibliography
Cnllecti\'e Action by Nurse.f to Imprm'e
Their Salaries and WorkinR Conditions.
Ottawa. Women's Bureau. Department of
Labour. 1964. (Cat. No. U8-20M).
Collective Bargaining Progre
s Report.
RNAO New.l. May/June. 1967. p.12-J3.
Employment Relations Officers Report.
A A RN News/etter, March-April 1967,
p.12.
Gllide/ine.f Toward Social lllld Ecollomic
Welfare. Ottawa. Canadian Nurses' A
so-
ciation. 1966.
Hood. Evelyn E. Province-wide bargaining
for nurses. Cl/Ill1d. Nlirs. November 1961.
p.I064-J065.
Wheeler. Margaret M. Quebec nurses search
for economic security. Canllll. NIlr.f. vol.
6, no. 4. April 1965. p.276. 0
THE CANADIAN NURSE 29
. , .
vis-a-vIs
"I hate living in this residence! I
can hardly wait for the day when I
can move out!" Has there ever been
a student nurse who at some point
has never uttered, in despairing tones,
the above sentiment? Yet when given
the choice, many students feel that
advantages of living in residence far
outweigh disadvantages, and gladly
choose to live in the residence pro-
vided by their school of nursing.
What are these advantages? One of
the most important is financial. Sti-
pends given during the three years
of training are small, and seldom ade-
quate to cover the cost of renting an
apartment or house. When cost of
food, utilities, and transportation to
and from their hospital is added to
rent, the cost of living out is too big
a burden for most student nurses.
In addition to a bed and three meals
a day, living in residence provides
students with a good transition from
the almost complete dependence of
living in their family home and the
complete independence of living "on
their own" after graduation. In resi-
dence there are no parents to get you
up in the morning, see that you eat
well-balanceG meals, watch that you
get enough sleep, and offer helpful
advice on friends, love-lives, studies. . .
ad infinitum. You have some inde-
pendence, yet many girls who come
from a protective home environment,
or those who have always lived in a
small town, might find the sudden
adjustment to being completely on
30 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Residence Living -
their own in a large city, as well as
adjusting to the role of nursing, too
much to cope with all at once.
Most residences enforce a few rules,
but despite the complaints of almost
all student nurses, these are not really
too restrictive. The rules state that you
must be back in the residence by a
certain hour at night, you must re-
port for work on time, you must be
appropriately dressed when you are in
the public eye, such as in the dining
room and open lounges, and you must
be quiet after a certain hour so that
you do not disturb others who are
sleeping or studying. All these rules
make sense, and all are rules that we
must impose upon ourselves when we
are no longer within the safe walls of
home or residence. Indeed, many of
these rules can be found written in
most apartment ieases.
Within the limits of these rules, the
student in residence is free to do what
she wishes. If she chooses to stay up
all night, or livf, on a steady diet
of Coke and chocolate bars, or leave
her assignments and studying to the
last possible minute, she soon finds
out for herself what the consequen-
ces are. Each student can establish her
own habits of living, based on her
own experience and not taken with
blind faith from rules other have set.
Another advantage of living in res-
idence is that it provides a milieu that
is helpful in the transition from the
"little girl" role of "the Smith's oldest
daughter" to the more adult role of
-
.-.--
"Yes", says Mary Ellen Doyle
"Miss Smith, student nurse." The end-
less discussion, evaluation, and general
"rehashing" of the day's events is in-
valuable. Everyone living in residence
shares the same experience, and all
the well meant commiseration of lov-
ing relatives cannot replace "Yes, I
know. That happened to me, too. Why
not try this?" from a fellow student
who's been through it before. Although
sometimes you feel you eat, drink,
breathe. and dream "nursing," this
(Continued on paRe 32)
NOVEMBER 1967
Yes or No?
At St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, student nurses may stay in residence or
"Iive out" if they so desire. Two students debate the concept of residence living
and bring out some interesting points.
As a student nurse who has lived
both in residence and at home, I feel
that the advantages of living out far
surpass those of living in a residence.
By living out, the student nurse
gains independence. In the hospital,
student nurses are responsible for pa-
tients' lives, but, ironical though it
seems, are not considered mature
enough to be responsible for their own
lives.
Also, in residence, one tends to
lead a very narrow and restricted life.
What else can be expected when one
lives with over 300 girls and all are
nurses? The main topic of conversa-
tion is nursing. One not only shares the
same experiences on wards, but the
same food, clothes, leisure time. and
even, unfortunately, boyfriends. Nurs-
ing seems to become a 24-hour job.
[n contrast, the student who lives
out must account to herself - not
only for preparing assignments and
studying for exams, but also for the
endless tasks of day-to-day living. Get-
ting to work on time, shopping, house-
keeping, and enforcement of self -dis-
cipline regarding social life, all com-
bine to challenge her resourcefulness
and maturity.
Living out, the student nurse has am-
ple opportunities to develop domestic
talents, such as cooking. She may be
an incipient gourmet or just prefer
food plainly cooked, but whatever her
likes and dislikes, she can prepare her
meals accordingly, adding her own
individual touches. Besides cooking,
NOVEMBER 1967
she soon becomes adept in the many
aspects of housekeeping and therefore
has several advantages over the student
in residence.
A particularly important problem,
regardless of where the student lives,
is that of study, either for examina-
tions or for assignments. The student
nurse who lives out can devote her
full attention to her studies without
interference from other students or
from the inevitable din associated with
a residence.
Socially, the student nurse who lives
out fares much better than her class-
mates in residence. Gone is the ever-
present worry of "being in on time"
and of incurring an "infraction" for
being late. Furthermore, she has the
privilege of entertaining her friends
and relatives, reciprocating their many
invitations quite casually in the
warmth and informal atmosphere of
her own home, without standing on
ceremony or worrying whether some-
one else is using the lounge.
Certainly, a pleasant aspect of living
out is the use to which the student
puts her leisure time. A chance to
pursue hobbies or just to relax with-
out interruption is a marvellous relief
and a mental rest from the constant
saturation of nursing found in resi-
dence living. The student returns to
her work refreshed, eager, and rested.
[n residence, the lack of privacy,
the frustration of waiting for a phone
call, the same pallid institutionalized
meals, and the crescendo of noise
\
1
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.
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,
"No", says Irene Daykin
coming from the halls when one is
trying to study or sleep are ceaseless
annoyances. The student nurse who
lives out can reap the benefit. without
having to compete with her classmates,
of many small pleasures: watching a
favorite television program, reading the
newspaper, listening to the radio, or
playing the latest hit record. Let's not
mention losing a date because the only
telephone on the floor was so busy that
the caller gave up in exasperation!
(Continued on paJ!e 321
THE CANADIAN NURSE 31
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"Yes", says Mary Ellen Doyle
atmosphere makes the adjustment in-
volved in learning to be a nurse much
easier.
Close, lasting relationships formed
in residence are another result of this
sharing of experiences. Not only do
you share problems but also food,
leisure time, dates, and the wild in-
sanities that generally come under the
heading of "letting off steam."
Through the constant sharing of daily
life experiences, you learn more than
just the surface faults and virtues of
those you choose as your friends, so
that by the end of training most stu-
dents have formed a few strong friend-
ships, based on knowledge of the true
person, that will last for many years.
Aside from forming deep friend-
ships, living in close daily contact with
others gives the student a wider under-
standing of the differences in points of
view and modes of life. During grade
school and high school years, most
girls attend schools in which the major-
ity of students come from homes of
the same social level, and share simi-
lar backgrounds. In residence, the stu-
dent meets and gets to know girls
whose outlook and background are
entirely different from her own. She
learns to be tolerant of what she can-
not accept, and finds that she must
review her own philosophy of life,
often discovering that things she had
always accepted as fact may not be
fact at all, but an assumption she never
bothered to question.
A seemingly trivial, but nonetheless
very real and valuable asset of living
in residence, is the involvement in social
activities that are available to the stu-
dent living in residence. Students need
a well-rounded life, and meeting and
dating the opposite sex is a part of
the life of, most young adults. For a
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girl who comes to a new city for her
training, meeting fellows could be very
difficult if it were not for the parties
and exchanges that are sponsored by
the residence, or the fact that some-
one is always looking for a blind date
for one of her boyfriend's pals.
I am a student nearing the end of
my third year of training. I lived in
residence for two and one half years,
and have been living in an apartment
with three other student nurses for the
past six months. I do not regret having
moved out of residence before the end
of my training, as I feel that many of
the benefits of residence living are no
longer benefits at this stage of my
life. However, I feel that my exper-
ience of living in residence was of
great value, and I would recommend
that any student entering nursing
should spend at least the initial part of
her training living in residence. 0
"No", says Irene Daykin
A considerable advantage for the
student living out is the complete
change of environment that she exper-
iences twice a day - when she leaves
her home for the hospital and again,
after work, returns home. The girl in
residence has no excuse to go out, even
for days at a time. Most of the neces-
sities of living are made available and
there is no need for her to leave the
residence. Residence and hospital often
are connected by a tunnel or overpass
and the student walks to and from
work w;,thout even a breath of fresh
air. As even nursing students know,
fresh air and exercise make for a
32 THE CANADIAN NURSE
healthier and happier existence!
When living out, the student nurse
avoids the overly sympathetic atmos-
phere of an environment that is con-
tinually nursing-oriented. The shared
self-pity of her fellow nurse is just
not there. She discovers that friends
and relatives listen to her escapades
at the hospital with amused tolerance
rather than with the commiseration
she had desired. They may even be
bored with her tales. She realizes then
that tensions and problems are not the
exclusive right of student nurses, but
that they occur in every walk of life,
from her father's business to her boy-
friend's university exams.
Living out prepares the student for
the inevitable transition to the role of
a graduate nurse. With the previous
experience of living out, the student
will not have to make such a radical
adjustment upon graduation as the
student who lived in residence.
By living out, the student becomes
much more aware of the community
and the world about her. She discovers
that nursing is itself enriched and more
rewarding because she is involved
with friends, family, hobbies, and in-
terests outside the hospital. 0
NOVEMBER 1967
II
"
.. .-
,
:'\
Ravi was born at the Lady Elgin
Hospital, Jabulpur, India, early in the
morning of June 15, 1965. He weighed
three pounds two ounces and measur-
ed 17 inches at birth, having complet-
ed a gestation period of barely 28
weeks. He remained with me in hos-
pital for ] 0 days and then was dis-
charged home where my husband and
I cared for him under the supervision
of a pediatrician.
A normal delivery
It is impossible to state the exact
cause of Ravi's prematurity. It seems
likely that it was brought about by a
combination of several factors, with
the precipitating one being the severe
heat immediately preceding his birth.
During this period, the temperature in
the area reached 115 F. Because of
this heat, my appetite diminished and
I suffered severe fluid loss through
perspiration.
My obstetrician examined me at this
time and said that my baby seemed
healthy, although rather small. Since
my blood pressure had dropped to 80/
65, she placed me on medications and
ordered modified bedrest. In spite of
this care, my labor began and pro-
gressed normally.
In India, analgesics are given dur-
ing childbirth only if the labor is
abnormal. Consequently, I received
none. To relax, I practiced the various
breathing techniques that I had learned
as a student at the University of To-
ronto and found them to be of con-
NOVEMBER 1967
Home care of Ravi
- a premature infant
The author, a former Canadian nurse, found her nursing textbooks of little help
when faced with the problem of caring for her own premature infant in
Jabalpur, India.
Madhuri Ruth Pandya
siderable help. The doctor assisted
with the delivery only during the late
second stage. The baby was born in
the normal position and uttered a loud
cry even before he reached the deliv-
ery table.
At birth, Ravi appeared to be nor-
mal, but thin and tiny. He was an
active baby and cried and kicked vig-
orously while being given the usual
care. He showed no evidence of cyan-
osis or respiratory difficulties. As soon
as the nurse had suctioned and weigh-
ed him, he was taken to the hospital's
small nursery for premature babies.
proud of nursery
Elgin Hospital is justifiably proud
of its nursery. The room is small,
containing approximately 15 cribs that
can be elevated by placing blocks un-
der either end. The nursery is stocked
with clean linen, thermometers, scales,
and the usual essentials. Soap, water,
and clean masks are kept at the en-
trance. Immediately adjoining the nur-
sery is a utility room equipped with a
sterilizer and clean equipment.
The nurses wash their hands and
don clean masks before giving care to
Mrs. Pandya. the former Margaret Windrem.
is a 1957 graduate of Toronto Western
Hospital School of Nursing. She received her
diploma in public health nursing from the
University of Toronto in 1961 and has lived
in India since 1964. Her husband is a
professor at the Government Engineering
College in Jabalpur. India.
the babies, and wash their hands at
the completion of the care. All visi-
tors are excluded from the nursery
and the babies are removed only to
be taken to an adjoining room to be
fed by their mothers.
On his admission to the nursery,
Ravi was placed on his right side
with head elevated. He was watched
closely and suctioned at intervals. On
the second day he was given small
amounts of sterile water and on the
third, mother's milk. The initial feed-
ings were given by eyedropper; since
he tolerated these well, breast feeding
was commenced on the fourth morn-
ing.
At first, Ravi seemed to have imma-
ture rooting and sucking instincts.
However, he took almost one ounce of
milk, so breast feeding was continued
every four hours during the day and
evening. When he became hungry be-
tween feedings, he was given sterile
water, occasionally with a little glu-
cose added.
In addition to careful feeding and
constant observation, nursery care
consisted of good technique, a mini-
mum of handling, a daily oil bath,
and the injection of a pediatric anti-
biotic on the sixth day. Apart from
the normal physiological jaundice and
a small weight loss, Ravi had no dif-
ficulties during his stay in the nursery.
Because of his progress, the limited
space in the nursery, and the fact
that I am a registered nurse, the doc-
tor advised us to take him with us
THE CANADIAN NURSE 33
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when we left the hospital.
Textbooks little help
Several days before Ravi and I
were discharged from hospital my hus-
band and I began to plan the home
care. My nursing textbooks proved
to be of little practical help, since
they were based on the assumption
that the baby would be born in hos-
pital and cared for in a well-equipped
premature nursery. Therefore, we had
to figure out for ourselves the basic
needs of the premature infant and
from this plan his home care.
We listed each of Ravi's poorly de-
veloped systems and then decided how
we could protect and help them until
they attained maturity. Fortunately,
Ravi's respiratory and circulatory sys-
tems seemed to function adequately.
However, extra protection was still
needed against the possibility of infec-
tion or sudden temperature changes.
His digestive system also seemed to
function well, but again, the immatur-
ity of his swallowing reflexes and var-
ious sphincters had to be considered
during feeding.
Although the babe usually was ac-
tive and alert, the immaturity of his
nervous system evidenced itself when
he dozed off before his feeding was
completed; at such times, we stimu-
lated him by flicking his feet.
The most obvious sign of his pre-
maturity was in his muscular and
skeletal development. Since he had
no subcutaneous fat, we took extra
care when handling him to guard
against skin infections and prevent
loss of body heat. In addition, the
umbilical cord had not dried before
discharge and this required careful
attention to prevent infection.
Because Ravi had arrived earlier
than expected, we were unprepared.
34 THE CANADIAN NURSE
We had to prepare a nursery and ob-
tain all articles of clothing and bed-
ding. In India, this presents a problem,
since ready-made articles are not easily
available in the bazaar. However, my
husband bought cloth and a neigh-
bor's daughter stitched some small
frocks; we purchased a crib and used
pillow cases for sheets until I could
make a supply.
Since sophisticated equipment of
any kind is extremely expensive and
often not available in India, we decided
the best approach would be one of
complete simplicity and cleanliness.
One room of our house was emptied
and the walls, ceiling, and floor were
washed thoroughly with a Dettol so-
lution. My husband placed Ravi's
crib in this room, along with a narrow
cot for me, a small TV table to hold
water for washing hands, and an arm-
chair without upholstery in which to
feed the baby.
Arrival home
On June 25, Ravi and I came
home. The four-mile drive from the
city to our college colony had al-
ways fascinated me, since the road
passed many of the colorful sights of
the Indian countryside. That day, how-
ever, I was much too concerned with
Ravi's welfare to be charmed by the
sight of a saffron-robed Sadhu or a
small boy perched upon the joggling
load of an oxen cart. Luckily, Ravi
slept all the way and only awakened
to demand food as we entered our
home.
At this time, 10 days after his birth,
he had regained his birth weight of
three pounds two ounces. The phys-
iological jaundice had disappeared
and his color was good. He was very
active - kicking and moving about
the crib - and his reflexes, including
'A.
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i
the Moro reflex, were present and
satisfactory. His cry was normal. The
umbilical cord was still on. His scalp,
face, and body were covered with fine
hairs and this, combined with the total
absence of any subcutaneous fat,
made him look like a little old man.
His testes were descended and his
urine and bowel movements nonnal
for a breast-fed baby.
After his first feeding at home, Ravi
went to sleep. I then had a chance to
get organized. First, I boiled two bot-
tles and a quantity of absorbent cotton
for a breast tray. Then I prepared a
tray for the baby's daily care, which
consisted of baby oil, fluffs, and a
change of clothing. I boiled a wide-
mouthed bottle and a smaller bottle
to hold sterile water and the coffee
spoon that J used when feeding him.
I then arranged the various items on
napkin-covered trays and placed them
in a wall cupboard. On other shelves
in this cupboard I kept a supply of
clean linen and clothing, VON-type
paper bags, the medications - vita-
mins and Durabolin that the doctor
had ordered - and wrapped sterile
cord dressings that the hospital had
supplied.
Originally J had planned to set up
a sllction tray; however, when my hus-
band was unable to buy a suction tube
at the bazaar, J decided - erron-
eously as it turned out - that J was
being overly careful and did not really
need it. J placed a TV table at the en-
trance to the room, and on it kept a
supply of clean water, soap and a
towel. Near the door I kept two plas-
tic pails containing a soap and water
solution for soiled bedding, clothing,
and dirty diapers. By the time Ravi
awoke for his next feeding, all these
pre-planned activities had
been exe-
cuted and J felt reasonably confident
NOVEMBER 1967
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about our ability to care for him.
Tight schedule
The biggest problem was to plan
the day's activities so that the cleanest
possible atmosphere would be created
for the babe. We established a routine
that made it possible to maintain good
asepsis without the time-consuming
business of masks and gowns. After
Ravi's six-o'clock morning feed, J pre-
pared tea for my husband and at. the
same time washed and put the vanous
bottles, fluffs, and spoon on the stove
to boil. J removed the linen buckets
from the room and put the clothes in
a fresh solution to soak while J did
the household cleaning.
First, I washed an
d changed the
various items in Ravi's room; then J
wiped all surfaces with a Dettol solu-
tion. After this, J cleaned the rest of
the house, then rinsed out the baby's
clothes and hung them out to dry. I
put fresh solutio
in the buckets. took
my bath, and put on a clean sari. Im-
mediately afterward, I set up the var-
ious trays, took them into the baby's
room, and prepared and ate breakfast.
While J was busy with household
duties, my husband kept an eye on
Ravi. After breakfast, I gave the baby
his morning care. He returned to sleep
and my husband and I had a second
cup of coffee before he left for the
Government Engineering College. As
a further precaution against the pos-
sibility of infection, only my husband
and J entered the baby's room for the
first two months and we always
washed our hands before touching him.
When friends came visit, we held
Ravi up inside the room and o':lr
friends saw him through the glass In
the door.
A real emergency
The pediatrician visited us weekly
NOVEMBER 1967
These VISIts were mainly to check on
Ravi's progress; the only me?icatio.ns
that he prescribed were vitamIns daIly
and two further injections of an anti-
biotic that Ravi had received in hos-
pital.
These regular visits were important
to me because I was completely con-
fined to the house and we had no
telephone. We kept track of the various
problems that arose during the week
and discllssed them on his Sunday vis-
its.
The first emergency occurred on
our sixth day home. By an unlucky
coincidence, this was also the first
day of the university term and my
husband's first day of work. J had
finished RavÏs care and had sat down
to write a letter. Suddenly I heard a
sharp cry, followed by a bubbling
sound. J rushed to the crib. Ravi had
turned on his back and a profuse
amount of frothy yellow fluid was is-
suing from his nose. He was yelling
lustily and becoming cyanosed. J
picked him up and placed him on
is
side with his head lowered. I tfled
frantically to think of what J could use
as a suction tube.
Suddenly the door opened and my
husband entered the room. By some
special act of providence, he had
decided to come home early for lunch.
He saw the difficulty, and with amaz-
ing quickness of thought took the tiny
plastic ink dropper that had
ome
with his new pen and handed It to
me. I used this dropper to suction out
the froth while my husband held the
bottle of sterile water into which J
blew the froth to keep the tube clean.
I sucked and blew and sucked again.
The baby's color changed from deep
red to almost black and then to deep
red and, finally, as the fluid stopped
and the airway became clean, back
to normal again.
I cannot be accurate either as to the
amount of fluid the baby brought up
or as to the time we suctioned him -
it may have been from tw
to five
minutes. When I had regaIned my
composure, m} husband summoned the
doctor.
The pediatrician arrived that after-
noon and examined Ravi thoroughly.
There was no fluid on his lungs and
no evidence that any damage had been
done to him_ He believed that the ba-
by had regurgitated some feeding wit.h
enough force to send it up thro,-!gh hIs
nose, and since premature babtes a
e
unable to breathe through the
r
mouths, had become terrified when hIs
air passage was blocked.
Baby care .
Ravi received all dally care, except
for feedings in his crib to minimize
the danger
f infection, overhand ling,
and chiÌÍing. Before caring for him, J
placed a clean sheet at the .foot of. his
crib and on it put the varIOUS thIngs
that I needed for his cord dressing
and bath. Then J scrubbed m} hands.
First I dressed the umbilical cord, then
wiped him all over with baby oil,
using cotton fluffs. When he was clean,
I dressed him in fresh clothes and
changed the crib bedding. I pro
ect
d
Ravi with a sheet and bathed htm In
sections, replacing the cloth
s I had
removed before proceeding to the next
area. Usually I dressed him in a gown
and handkerchief-sized diapers that
were tied on by cords sewn on alter-
nate corners.
By this tim
the r:vtons,?on
ains had
started, bringing chIlly mr wIth them.
Since Indian homes have no central
heating, it was difficult to maintain
an even room temperature. We added
bonnet, sweater, and socks to Ravi's
wardrobe, and extra covers to his b
d.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 35
Danny didn't disturb him
Emotionally, Ravi reacted the same
as a full-term baby. He seemed to
know of our presence and would hush
when spoken to softly. His eyes fo-
cused in the normal course of time
and he gave indications of recogniz-
ing his father and me. His hearing
concerned us, however, since he seem-
ed completely undisturbed by the loud
barking of Danny, our year-old cocker
spaniel. It was difficult to determine
whether other responses, such as going
off to sleep when sung or talked to,
or turning head when spoken to, were
stimulated by the sense of hearing or
by the senses of sight and touch. It
graduaIly became apparent that his
hearing was not impaired. Strangely
enough, he is still not in the least
disturbed by Danny's barking, although
occasionaIly it is loud enough to awa-
ken the whole colony!
Second emergency
Because I constantly feared a rep-
etition of Ravi's earlier regurgitation,
I slept lightly and became extremely
tired. One morning I awoke with se-
vere nausea and vomiting. My hus-
band was concerned and consulted a
local doctor, who advised that I take
an antinauseant. As a result, I slept
soundly that day and only awakened
to feed and care for the baby. I
thought how nice it was that Ravi,
too, seemed to be sleeping well.
In my half-drugged state, I did not
think any further until that evening,
while feeding him, Ravi suddenly turn-
ed a deadly whitish-blue. I called my
husband, but in the moment it took
him to enter the mom, Ravi's color
had returned. In a few minutes, he
again lost all color. I thought he was
dead. However, my husband noted
that he still was breathing.
At the first sign of cyanosis, I po-
sitioned him properly and wrapped
him in a warm shawl; after this, we
forced a drop of brandy through his
lips and soon his color returned. Since
36 THE CANADIAN NURSE
we were unable to telephone the doc-
tor, a neighbor took us to the hos-
pital while I kept a flashlight
trained on Ravi's face, fearing that at
any moment he would have another
attack.
In the hospital they pumped Ravi's
stomach and administered oxygen. He
spent an uneventful night, but the
next morning, while feeding, he again
became cyanotic. Prompt treatment
was given and his color restored. By
this time, however, my nerves were
completely gone. When th
doctor
suggested that we remain in hospital
but that I keep the baby with me and
care for him myself, I protested tear-
fuIly that I had lost all confidence. He
and my husband managed to calm me
and that afternoon Ravi, my husband
and I movcd into a private room in
the hospital.
In India, each room is supplied with
an extra bed for the patient's atten-
dant - always a member of her family
- who looks after her needs. The
nurses visit the patient frequently and
give professional care, but the family
members buy and serve the food (the
hospital has no diet kitchen) and ob-
tain and administer oral medications.
We remained in hospital four days.
During this time, Ravi took his feed-
ings weIl and had no further recur-
rence of cyanosis. The doctor believed
that the baby had aspirated some of
the feeding either because a smaIl
quantity o(the antinauseant had found
its way into my milk and, in sedating
him, had further weakened his im-
mature swaIlowing reflex, or else that
in my sedated state I had not been
as careful as usual when feeding him.
In either case, Ravi pulled through
and, having survived this crisis, seem-
ingly decided to get on with it and
grow up. When we left the hospital on
July 10, Ravi weighed three pounds
eight ounces - a total weight gain of
six ounces.
The remainder of the first two
months went quietly and on August
15th, two months after his birth but
still five days earlier than we expect-
ed him to be born, we celebrated his
birthday. As a further point of cel-
ebration, the two of us moved out of
our lonely room and into a room
with his daddy. We dismantled most
of the equipment, determined to treat
him as much as possible like a normal
child.
Normal development
Ravi is now two years old. His phys-
ical development has progressed nor-
maIly. As I write this, he is busy in
the courtyard playing with his bat
and ball. In all respects he appears to
be a normal toddler. He is very active
and naughty, eats all foods, sleeps
weIl, plays easily with other children,
and never stops talking.
We have observed no signs of the
emotional maladjustments that various
researchers have found in their studies
of premature infants. In all likelihood,
this was because he received mother's
care from birth and was not emotional-
ly isolated in an incubator. Perhaps
this is one dividend for the worry that
his father and I went through during
the early months of his life.
The other dividend is the rich feel-
ing of thankfulness that comes over
LIS when we see evidence of his grow-
ing physical and mental competence.
In fact, we thing that he is just about
the brightest baby ever born - on any
continent. But that, I suspect, is a
manifestation of parenthood and not
of prematurity. D
NOVEMBER 1967
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OFFICIAL
OPENING
CNA HOUSE
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38 THE CANADIAN NURSE
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NOVEMBER 1967
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A Dream
It is my honor to comment on behalf of the small group
of nurses who pioneered the creation of CNA House.
The House Committee was formed officially in 1954,
under the able chairmanship of the late Agnes J. Macleod,
following a decision - made at the biennial meeting in
Banff - that the Canadian Nurses' Association and THE
CANADI^N NURSE, our official journal, should be accommo-
dated in one building and that the building should be loc-
ated in the capital of Canada.
[n that same year the House Committee located tem-
porary quarters sufficient to accommodate the CNA staff
only, and they moved from Montreal to Ottawa. A second
move was required in 1959 and, fortunately, the second
floor of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons be-
NOVEMBER 1967
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Realized
came available; there was still insufficient room to include
staff of THE CANADIAN NURSE.
Thinking back, I recall a mosaic of episodes that oc-
curred during the 13-year life span of the House Com-
mittee:
. The seige by everyone who wanted to sell an uptown
property and the committee acting as intrepid explorers
of countless buildings from cellar to attic, some in con-
siderable disrepair.
. The special consideration given to sites on beautiful
Sussex Drive, on Alexander Street in the imposing area
surrounding the City Hall, and on Laurier Avenue East
overlooking Strathcona Park.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 39
. The approval of the executive com-
mittee, voting by mail, to negotiate for
the Laurier Avenue property.
. The lessons learned in city man-
agement related to zoning and city
planning and the great disappointment
when notified that it would be inad-
visable to erect a national headquar-
ters on the Laurier Avenue site.
. The increased tempo of efforts
brought on by the disappointment and
by the urging of the late Mildred Wal-
ker who became Chairman in 1959.
. The selection of James W. Strutt
as architect from among seven reput-
able firms who submitted credentials
to the committee.
. The knowledge that the National
Capital Commission would develop a
parkway on the east side of the Rideau
Canal, comparable to the beautiful
western Driveway; this turned our eyes
to this area.
. The message from the architect
and from C. E. O'Connor, legal ad-
visor to the CNA, that this property
(50 The Driveway) had been placed on
the market; this early information en-
abled a first bid on this valuable site
and, finally, led to the purchase.
. The approval of the architect's
drawings by the executive committee,
the city building committee, and the
National Capital Commission, followed
by the selection of F. E. Cummings
Construction Company Limited.
The words of the architect describe
this building impressively: "The head-
quarters of the Canadian Nurses' As-
sociation is a small brick and concrete
structure of 19,000 square feet. The
entrance is on the top floor and the
building has a total depth of three
storeys, designed to effect six separate
levels.
"The different functions of the
building - entrance, three floors of
offices, containing 33 offices, confer-
ence area, library and archives, dining
room and lounge, and various service
40 THE CANADIAN NURSE
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Editorial office
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NOVEMBER 1967
rooms - culminate in an open lobby
surmounted by a concrete lantern. This
lantern, besides illuminating the lobby,
serves as a focal point around which
the irregularities of the exterior walls
move when viewed in motion on The
Driveway, and at night becomes a tow-
er of light, illuminated from within."
At the base of the tower of light,
four murals of unpolished grey slate
enrich the open foyer. They were ex-
ecuted by Eleanor Milne, architectural
sculptor for our parliament buildings.
In abstract form, they tell the story of
the span of nursing practice from birth
to death.
Birth. The large forms on the left
of this mural represent male and fe-
male, birth and parenthood. The com-
ing of children is shown by floating
spheres, which ultimately leave the
family and are received into the society
of the world.
Service. The care of people is re-
presented by heavy bars interpretive
of the work of nurses. The uplifted
hands on each side indicate the sup-
port the nurse provides and the faith
she holds within. The variety of her
skills. the grfatness of her task, and
the unity of lier purpose are portrayed
by the close grouping of the many sym-
bols on the right of the mural.
Knowledge. Heavy semi-circular bars
in this mural remind one of the vitality
and strength of knowledge that are
basic to the skillful practice of nursing.
Flames depict the joy of learning.
Wings at each side indicate that it is a
continuing process so that we may ap-
ply our hearts and minds, as well as
our hands, with wisdom, skill, under-
standing and compassion.
Death. The Spirit now breaks from
the physical body and by means of
the triple crown of works accomplished
- Life, Service. Knowledge - gains
victory through Death. - EVELYN A.
PEPPER, VICE-CHAIRMAN, CNA HOUSE
COMMITTEE.
NOVEMBER 1967
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 41
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VisÙors li.Hen 10 speakers at the entrance 10 the new
bllilding prior 10 the official opening of CNA House, 50
The Driveway, Ottawa.
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While Mrs. Michener looks on, Governor General
Michener signs the gu.est book before clllling the ribbon
and officially opening CNA HOLlse.
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Mayor Don Reid extends wishes on behalf of the City
of Ottawa during the opening speeches as Governor
General Michener listens attentively.
42 THE CANADIAN NURSE
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An Impressiv 1
September 25, 1967, was a memorable day for
Canadian nurses right across the country.
At 3:00 P.M., Governor General Roland Michener
snipped a wide white ribbon and officially opened CNA
House, the three-storey, red brick building on The Drive-
way in Ottawa, which houses the staff of administrators,
consultants, and researchers who work to improve not
only the quality of nursing care for all Canadians, but
the economic status of each Canadian nurse.
The uutdoor ceremony was attended by 100
representatives of the federal government, the City of
Ottawa, and provincial nursing associations, as well as
the International Council of Nurses, and allied profes-
sional organizations. Later, all gathered on the third
floor of the building where coffee and sherry were served,
and where the Governor General and Mrs. Michener
were able to greet the guests and the staff of CNA
before touring the building.
A highlight of the ceremony was the guard of honor
formed by student nurses of the City of Ottawa to wel-
come His Excellency. In the bright uniforms of their
schools. they stood at attention as Mr. Michener and
his party alighted from the car and made their way to
the official platform.
It was a happy day for all, but for none more than
architect l.W. Strutt. He captured the nurses' dream in
his original sketches of the building submitted two years
ago - dignified yet unpretentious. with a high degree
of enclosure and protection in which the internal qualities
of spatial organization were givcn more importance than
external qualities of display.
The buildIng is topped by a 20-foot precast "lantern"
of concrete and glass which surmounts the lobby. illumin-
ating four murals of unpolished grey slate depicting the
span of nursing practice. The lantern, while admitting
skylight into the lobby and giving emphasis to this central
space. anchors the otherwise imprecise form of the
b'uilding. It has happily been taken by CNA as an
expression of its professional symbol.
NOVEMBER 1967
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incision in the ribbon acrou the doorway.
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Studem I/llr!>.es from Ottawa hospitals, who formed a
guard of honor for the Governor General, also attended
the reception following the ceremonies.
Dr. Helen K. Mussallem, executive director, CNA,
describes the murals to Sister Felicita.
, president of
CNA, Mrs. Michener, and the Governor General.
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The Right Reverend E.S. Reed, Bishop of Ottawa
(Second from left) and James W. Strutt, architect (third
from left) chat with guests at the reception.
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Sister Mary Felicitas, president of the CNA, introduces
guests at the opening to Theit Ercellencie.'i, Gm'ernor
General and Mrs. Michener.
NOVEMBER 1967
The special guests toured the new building and Gov-
ernor General Michener showed special intere!>.t III
the rapidly growing library collection.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 43
The
House
There are more than a quarter-million
bricks in CNA House, contributed by
you, the members, and cemented together
by your unity of purpose. Too, your in-
dividual contributions combine to finance
all the activities of the Canadian Nurses'
Association, and give support to the Can-
adian Nurses' Foundation and the Inter-
national Council of Nurses.
CNA House stands as a monumental
testimonial to the progress achieved, from
humble beginnings, through the unified
actions of Canadian nurses - for which
each member, justifiably, can be proud.
But this is not the great achievement:
The great achievement is the spirit of
Canadian nursing that breathes life into
CNA House - the same spirit that gives
awareness to nursing problems at the
bedside and generates ideas for their solu- .
tion. It is the strong moving force that
compels nurses to instigate the battle for
improvement at the chapter meeting and
propel it through provincial and national
deliberations to the highest authorities in
the land.
Literally, hundreds of thousands of off-
duty hours have been volunteered, en-
thusiastically, by dedicated professionals
who prepare presentations and travel mil-
lions of miles to stimulate action at local,
regional, provincial, national, and inter-
national meetings.
Not only have these energies created an
organized, permanent force to pursue
nursing's ultimate goals; distilled through
democratic mechanisms they have be-
come a super-fuel - the motive power
that gives direction to the organization,
launches it on active improvement cam-
paigns across the nation, and steers it on
course. .
A federation of ten
Your association is a federation of the.
10 provincial nurses' associations. You
created it to unite all nurses in Canada
into one organization so that the full
weight of the entire profession in Canada
could be brought to bear on those mat-
ters in which one unified voice could
speak more effectively than 10 separate
voices.
The Association is organized to imple-
ment policies relating to the welfare of
the individual member, the education of
future and present members, and the
quality of patient care. A route for every
nurse in Canada to participate in these
affairs is provided through a national pat-
tern of standing committees.
Each of the 10 provincial associations
has a standing committee on:
Social and economic welfare to estab-
lish conditions of employment that are
adequate to attract and retain competent
persons in the numbers required to satisfy
44 THE CANADIAN NURSE
that
Oedica tion
Built
the nursing needs of the public.
. Nursing education to promote educa-
tI,?nal syst
s that are capable of gradu-
atmg suffIcIent numbers of qualified
nurses to satisfy future needs in all fields
of nursing practice, nursing education,
and nursing administration.
Nursing service to facilitate the means
of effective utilization of nurses by nurse-
employing agencies and to ensure the
adoption of up-to-date, safe, and effective
techniques by nursing practitioners.
The 10 provincial standing committees
in these three areas provide a forum for
!he reyiew o
vents and changing needs
m theIr specIfIed area and propose revi-
sion in policy based on this examination.
The chairman of each is a member of the
appropriate national standing committee.
The national standing committee chair-
men, who are appointed by the CNA
Board of Directors, are selected from
top Canadian nurses in each field and
become members of the Board.
In this manner a direct line of com-
munication and representation is estab-
lished between every nurse in Canada
and the Board of Directors of the na-
tional association.
The other members of the Board of
Directors are the president, the president-
elect, and the first and second vice-pres-
idents, who are elected biennially by the
total membership, and the 10 provincial
association presidents elected by their
members. In addition, at least two re-
presentatives from the nursing sisterhoods
are elected to the Board.
Permanent staff
Each provincial assocIation has spe-
cialists on staff who act as consultants
to appropriate standing committees, form-
ulate and recommend policy, and imple-
ment approved programs. The Canadian
Nurses' Association's permanent head-
quarter's staff similarly has senior con-
sultants who specialize in social and eco-
nomic welfare, nursing education, and
nursing service. These specialists act as
consultants to their provincial counter-
parts, formulate and recommend policy to
the three national standing committees,
and implement approved programs.
Horizontal communication is thus
maintained between the specialists on pro-
vincial association staffs and those at na-
tional headquarters so that national policy
and headquarter's activity at all times re-
late to current conditions and needs
across the country.
Services and activities
Participation with government agencies
and allied professional groups, at both
the provincial and national level is a
significant part of the Association'
over-
all purpose. In this capacity it sits on
planning councils, provides consultant ser-
vices, participates in conferences co-
sponsors activities, and collaborates' with
medical associations, hospital associations
government agencies, and others in the
planning and control of health services for
Canadians.
In addition to performing its adminis-
trative functions, the Association has
three major functional departments that
provide services to members.
National Nursing Library and Archives:
The library in CNA House contains over
4,000 titles and is the most comprehen-
sive collection of nursing literature in the
nation. Its repository collection of nursing
studies is a major resource for research
in Canada, and the periodical collection
of some 300 titles is probably one of the
best in the world.
The loan service and reference service
is used extensively by nurses across Can-
ada and in other parts of the world. These
services are available to all agencies or
individuals interested in nursing.
Research and Advisory Services: The
basic function of the Research and Advi-
sory Department, in addition to the con-
sulting role previously mentioned, is to
study conditions and events affecting
nursing, identify problems, and recom-
mend corrective action. In pursuing this
work, liaison with appropriate federal and
provincial authorities and organizations is
maintained.
An important by-product of the re-
search activity is the publication of all
statistical data gathered in its process.
This includes: an annual inventory of
registered nurses in Canada by province,
classified by employment status, marital
status, age, and sex; nursing department
staff turnover rates; salaries and qualifi-
cations of faculty in nursing schools; stu-
dent enrolment and graduation by type of
program, and others.
The resources of this department are
available to all agencies or individuals in-
terested in nursing.
Information Services: The Information
Services Department is the Association's
communication arm tù both internal and
external publics. It publishes the only
English and French national professional
nursing journals in Canada, The Cana-
dian Nurse and L'infirmière canadienne.
It also provides information for distribu-
tion to the public through press, televi-
sion, and other media in the form of press
releases and other informational material,
and publishes reports of all formal studies
and programs undertaken by the Associa-
tion in both French and English.
CNA House, alive with the spirit of
Canadian nursing, is the house that dedi-
cation built. Its vitality will be maintained
with your continued participation and en-
thusiastic support. D
NOVEMBER 1967
THE PROBLEM
BIRTH RATE
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1951
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1961 '66 '71
India's Project number one
There are 446 protestant mission
hospitals and dispensaries in India,
and along with government health ser-
vices these institutions are now turn-
ing their attention to the provision of
urgently needed family planning ser-
vices. As a public health nurse and
Canadian University Service Over-
seas volunteer, I have been assigned
to the Family Planning Project of the
Christian Medical Association of In-
dia, as northern India representative,
to work with the mission hospitals in
the northern states and Nepal and as-
sist them in creating family planning
programs and in increasing the effec-
tiveness of these services.
New program for a new problem
Established in 1966 through the
efforts of Canada's Dr. Robert Mc-
Clure, and with funds from several
international aid agencies and an in-
terest
d Canadian, the CMAI Family
Planning Project was designed to as-
sist these hospitals, often operating on
shoe-string budgets, to integrate fam-
ily planning into their total health
programs. The first service of the pro-
ject was to remove one of the main
obstacles to family planning pro-
grams: finances. A capital grant of
$25.00 is made to each joining hos-
pital for equipment and supplies
needed to launch its program, and
then each is reimbursed for the cost
of family planning work (for tubal
ligations and vasectomies performed,
and intrauterine devices inserted). The
NOVEMBER 1967
India's number one problem is the population explosion. The death rate is down;
now the birth rate must be controlled. A Canadian nurse with the Canadian
University Service Overseas reports on a family planning services program.
Wendy Marson, B.Sc.N.
main advantage to the hospitals is the
prompt reimbursement of their costs
so that they can work assured of this
support.
Because of the high standards of
care maintained in these hospitals and
large numbers of patients dependent
upon them, they have contributed sig-
nificantly to the profound effect that
increased health facilities and pro-
grams have had on India's death rate
since 1921. Until that time, the death
rate had nearly equaled the birth rate,
and total population increase was a
minor problem for the country. How-
ever, with vastly increased health ser-
vices and disease prevention pro-
grams, the death rate has plummeted
until now it stands at 16 per thousand.
The birth rate, however, has remained
almost constant and stands at the very
high level of 41 per thousand (Fig-
lire J).
The outcome of the success in the
battle to improve health services can
be seen in the huge annual increase
in population - 13 million people,
equal to Australia's total population.
Efforts to raise the standard of living
are nullified as the country struggles
to provide even essentials of life to
burgeoning numbers. At this rate of
increase, India's present population of
510 million, which took 5,000 years
to build, will double to more than 1
billion in less than 28 years.
Mrs. Marson is a CUSO volunteer work-
ing out of Delhi, India. She received her
B.Sc.N. in 1963 from the University of
British Columbia. Since then she spent one
year as a public health nurse, four months
as a psychiatric nurse, and two years as
an administrator in international aid pro-
grams. In January 1967, she and her hus-
band, Brian, went to India as CUSO per-
sonnel. He was appointed Director of the
CUSO Program in India while she became
northern India representative of the Family
Planning Project of the Christian Medical
Association of India. About her work she
writes: "I find my role in this work ex-
tremely stimulating, although it often
stretches my ingenuity to the limit. I am
fortunate to have an imaginative husband
as one of my resources! I find my nursing
background and experience gained so far
very useful in establishing rapport with
family planning and hospital staff, with
patients and students. An increasing num-
ber of CUSO nurses are now working in
the family planning program in India, as
training staff in government programs, as
supervisors of village level workers, and
as workers themselves in government and
mission institutions.
"I think all of us agree that the experience
is contributing considerably to professional
development from our point of view, and
at the same time. we are helping with India's
most urgent need. But many more are
urgently required to help meet the serious
deficit in nurses and trained personnel
in the family planning program, to train
and supervise Indian staff upon whom
the ultimate success over rising numbers
will depend."
THE CANADiAN NURSE 45
If there is to be any hope of pro-
viding reasonable opportunities of life
for India's young, this explosion must
be stabilized by making every effort
to reduce the birth rate. Although the
Indian government has officially sup-
ported family planning programs since
the beginning of its first Five Year
Plan in 1951, only recently have the
programs received the necessary pri-
ority and financial backing.
The present aim is to reduce the
birth rate from the present 41 per
thousand to 25 per thousand as quick-
ly as possible. To do this, 50 percent
of the estimated 90 million couples in
the reproductive age must be moti-
vated to accept the small family norm
of two or three children and to plan
their families effectively. Progr.ams of
mass. education and motivation are
underway to convince people of the
necessity for family planning, but with
80 percent of the population illiterate
and scattered through 560,000 vil-
lages, a person-to-person approach is
vital. The education and training
needs for the program are vast and
the government is training village
workers, paramedical personnel, and
doctors as quickly as possible.
Working through the hospitals
One way to contact the population
on a meaningful and individual basis
is through the hospitals and dispen-
saries to which they come for health
care. We estimate that 12 million peo-
ple annually turn to the CMAI hos-
pitals for treatment of conditions rang-
ing from leprosy, tuberculosis, and
cholera, to cut fingers. Each married
couple that comes to a hospital can
potentially be reached at the same
time with information about family
planning; it is this basic concept that
I am trying to teach in the hospitals
I visit. Some already hav
excellent
programs inspired by farsighted medi-
cal leadership.
One doctor in a small isolated hos-
pital serving 60,000 outpatients a
year said to me, "I've worked to build
up this hospital over the past 30
years, and in that time I've contribut-
46 THE CANADIAN NURSE
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Village women approach a maternal and child health clinic where family
planning services are available. Recent introduction of im'erted red triangle
(above door) indicate
, without need for words, the availability of family
planning services.
ed to lowering the death rate. Now it
is time I worked just as hard to lower
the birth rate, or I am no longer
meeting the needs of my patients."
Many of the outpatients cannot un-
derstand the printed word, but when
they visit this particular doctor he
routinely asks, "How many children
do you have?" and "Do you want
any more?" The first step in intro-
ducing the subject is as simple as
that. For the patient who indicates a
desire to space his or her family, or
who wishes to limit the number of
children, a short talk on available
methods follows, terminating in a de-
cision on one particular type. For
those who have as many children as
they want (or more frequently, have
more than they want) but need moti-
vating, a longer discussion is needed.
Frequently they are sent to see one
of the nurses trained by the doctor for
a more detailed talk and explanation.
Many mission hospitals have not
yet taken such steps to integrate fam-
ily planning into their routine patient
care, however, mainly because the de-
mand for their curative services is
so great and the insufficient staff so
over-worked, thdt family planning
services are given only to those pa-
tients who are already motivated
enough to ask for them.
The main feature of my work, then,
is to visit these hospitals, to help
those with family planning programs
to evaluate them, to make suggestions
for improvement, and to assist in im-
plementing these.
On an initial ViSIt to a hospital
(about 50 percent of my time is spent
in actual visiting), I usually tour the
whole institution, spending most time
on the wards and in the outpatient de-
partment. I concentrate first on ways
to integrate family planning teaching
into the existing programs of patient
care on the maternity wards, the male
and female medical wards, and most
importantly, in the OPO. Family
planning information generally is bet-
ter accepted if it is integrated into
other hospital teaching programs, es-
pecially in maternal and child health.
In developing a hospital's program,
I concentrate on what I believe are
four major areas: staff and student
education; patient education and mo-
tivation; actual provision of medical
services for family planning; and fol-
low-up procedures and services.
Staff education
In the area of staff education, I
give talks to members at all levels,
from sweepers (cleaning staff) to med-
ical sté'ff, depending on needs and
requests. Much of the teaching will
be done by the nurses during the daily
patient care, of course, and so I usual-
ly spend most time with them.
Nursing staff in India have four
different levels of training. (Doctors
in India outnumber trained nurses by
90,000 to 50,000 for the 510 million
population; Canada has 105,000 nur-
ses for its 20 million p(:ople.) There
NOVEMBER 1967
are the fully trained nurses with three
years basic preparation and one year
midwifery; lady health visitors with
30 months training oriented toward
public health and rural work; auxilia-
ry nurse-midwives with two years
preparation oriented toward domicil-
iary midwifery and family planning;
and the trained dais or mjdwives with
one year midwifery training. All are
used in hospitals as nursing staff, and
all must be oriented toward patient
teaching and integration of family
planning teaching into their daily
work.
In talks with men and women, I
use as many visual aids as possible,
including a small portable pelvic
model called the Lupkit to demon-
strate insertion of intrauterine devices
(or "loops" as they are commonly
known), pamphlets, posters, charts,
flannel boards, and, sometimes, slides.
Visual aids can be very important to
the patient teaching program because
of their reinforcement effect. I make
them as simple as possible to demon-
strate how easily they can be copied
by hospital staff, and to ensure that
they are comprehensible to patients.
Considerable development of staff
and student education is needed how-
ever, and this area is being given the
project's highest priority at present.
To this end, we are planning regional
training courses for staff nurses and
family planning workers, and inser-
vice education programs in the hos-
pitals during the coming months. Al-
so, we have completed preparation of
a teaching plan for nursing schools to
use in their classes in obstetrics and
gynecology, and in community health.
The Trained Nurses' Association of
India fully supports and promotes
staff training programs in family plan-
ning and also initiates similar educa-
tional programs in government hos-
pitals.
This whole area of training and ed-
ucation is highly important and af-
fords almost unlimited possibilities for
the development of resources, such as
hospital libraries, displays and films,
visual materials for health talks -
NOVEMBER 1967
for example, flash cards that tell stor-
ies - and tape recordings to be
broadcast through hospital wards, to
mention only a few areas into which
our work extends.
Patient education
The next area of importance is that
of patient teaching. Often I am asked
to give demonstration talks to groups
of patients on the wards and in the
outpatient departments. These serve
the main purpose of demonstrating to
staff just where and how patient edu-
cation should be carried on. The OPO
usually is crowded with women, often
dressed in their very best and most
colorful saris for the occasion, sitting
in groups on the floor chatting ani-
matedly among themselves, soothing
the children they have brought along,
and preventing the precious medicine
bottles - brought for refill - from
being smashed on the floor.
Probably because I am a Westerner,
and therefore an object of curiosity,
and also because of the confidence
they have in the hospital staff who
obviously have brought me there, the
waiting patients make very attentive
audiences. Sometimes we talk to mix-
ed groups, but usually there is dis-
cussion only if the women are by
themselves, without the menfolk. Even
then, the young women are an espe-
cially shy group; some still wear the
burkha (a shroudlike covering extend-
ing from head to toe, with only small
slits for the eyes) whenever they ven-
ture out of the home.
It is always encouraging when an
older woman is present and shows in-
terest in and agreement with what we
say. These older women are usually
mothers-in-law who still rule the
households containing the extended
families. Especially in rural areas, the
word of the mother-in-law is law; if
she is opposed to child spacing and
family limitation, it becomes very dif-
ficult to work with her son or daugh-
ter-in-Iaw.
When teaching about the loop, I
always pass one around for each lis-
tener to finger and feel for softness
and pliability. Once ] was most sur-
prised to hear from the Hindi-speak-
ing audience, "Veh plastic Hai (It's
plastic)'" The passing of the loop
brings an amusing variety of re-
sponses, from giggling shyness and
refusal to touch, to eager interest and
discussion of its characteristics. Usual-
ly when encouraged, all will at least
feel it and pass it on.
The wards are also good places for
group teaching, because usually no
patient is admitted to a rural hospital
unless accompanied by a relative.
They cook and provide routine care
for the patient. When not occupied
with these duties, they spend time
fanning the invalid industriously or
dozing on a mat on the floor beside
the cot. Thus, their presence offers
considerable opportunity for health
and family planning teaching by the
nursing staff. Again, the use of visual
aids is very important to introduce
discussion as Indian women love col-
or and "gimmicks."
Provision of services
Most methods of family plann!ng
are available in this country, rangIng
from the conventional methods such
as condom, diaphragm, and jelly, to
intrauterine device and sterilization.
These conventional methods are wide-
ly used. Efforts are being made to
provide condoms at nominal cost on
such a mass scale that they will be
available in every village bazaar (mar-
ket) in the country. Many couples suc-
cessfully space and limit their families
by these methods, but the reliability
and supply are not comparable to the
loop or sterilization.
The oral contraceptive, with which
we in North America are so familiar,
is only now to be introduced here on
a wide scale following the completion
of research leading to government ap-
proval of its use.
The intrauterine device known as
the Lippes Loop was introduced on a
mass scale in 1965 and given exten-
sive publicity. Although this device
has been found to have temporary side
effects among many of the users and
THE CANADIAN NURSE 47
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an estimated 10 percent expulsion
rate, the loop, on the whole, has
provided a useful and successful part
of the family planning program.
From the experience of the past two
years, it is clear that the effectiveness
of the loop as a method depends a
great deal both on initial preparation
of the patient and post-insertion fol-
low-up. In areas where little or no
preparation of the patient has been
given, the predictable but unanticipa-
ted side effects have given rise to con-
cern among the patients affected and
various rumors have grown up, ad-
versely affecting other women's con-
fidence in the loop. In one area, for
example, a village woman had the
loop inserted, but during her first post-
insertion period, had uterine contrac-
tions that pushed part of the loop
through the cervix. The threads tied
to the loop for the purpose of removal
are blue, and when this woman exam-
ined herself, she found two bluish
whiskers protruding from her vagina.
When she pulled on these, out came
a "worm-like object with a blue an-
tennae." At first it was straight, but
before her eyes began to curl itself up.
In tt'rror she dropped it and ran to
tell a neighbor. When they both came
back it was dead!
The upshot of this incident was the
rumor that the doctor really was not
inserting a loop, but a foreign worm
that eats at uterine lining and causes
bleeding! Naturally such a story will
48 THE CANADIAN NURSE
All over India, on bus stands, in railway stations, on billboards, the small
family norm is promoted. The message above reads, in Hindi and Urdu: "Two
or three children is enough' Visit your nearest family planning center."
generate resistance to the loop among
village women, and will take a great
deal of effort to correct. If time and
interest had been taken in this woman
to show her a loop and describe its
effect, such an incident could have
been avoided.
When I ask village women what
they know about the loop, they often
answer that they know it causes bleed-
ing. Thus the pre-insertion preparation
should include the correct information
that it often causes initial spotting and
heavier periods for two or three
months, but that once the period of
adaptation is over, they will return to
normal. It also goes without saying
that the worker's confidence in the
method being taught has a very im-
portant bearing on patient's receptiv-
ity to the teaching.
Since 1965, more than 1.5 million
loops have been inserted in India. Ex-
periments are still going on to perfect
insertion techniques, and other types
of devices are being tried, such as the
polygon.
Sterilization of men and women are
major methods recommended by the
government for cases where family
limitation is desired, and are performed
for an increasing number of par-
ents. The male operation, vasectomy,
is a very simple operation performed
under local anesthesia in a matter of
minutes, and like the loop is often
done in "camps" where men desiring
the operation are gathered from sur-
rounding villages.
In view of the enormous population
problem, there is increasing discus-
sion in India about making this me-
thod compulsory for all fathers with
three children, and some states are
already taking steps to introduce l
g-
islation whereby any couple havmg
more than three chidren will forego
free medical treatment, maternity leave
with full pay, eligibility for state hous-
ing, and other benefits.
Follow-up
The final phase, and equalIy impor-
tant in a hospital's family planning
program, is follow-up once a patient
has accepted a particular method.
This aspect I try to stress in talks to
staff, and suggest that patients always
be encouraged to return for a folIow-
up visit within a month of acceptance
of a method, if it is not possible for
someone from the hospital to visit
them at home. Even conventional
methods of family planning, such as
use of vaginal jelly, condoms, and foam
tablets, require sustained motivation
for continued use and successful pre-
vention of unplanned children.
With loop cases, follow-up is high-
ly important to encourage women
through the initial difficulties that
may be expected as the uterus adapts
to the presence of the foreign object.
Too often, the only patients who are
followed are those who return after
experiencing difficulties and come to
request removal. If they can be reåched
earlier in their homes, the difficul-
ty usually can be overcome. Thus, it
is important to the success of a hospi-
tal's program for the staff to realize
the need for adequate follow-up and
to implement a suitable procedure. To
this end, we are planning to prepare
simplified procedures to assist hospi-
tals .in developing this aspect of their
servIces.
Follow-up is equally as important
to provide medicine when necessary,
to treat side effects such as temporary
spotting and discomfort, and to
provide reassurance to the patient.
Follow-up also allows a check on ex-
pelled loops and re-insertion can then
be arranged. This often results in
permanent retention, particularly if
a different size loop is used.
Many problems and few staff
I have found in talking with pa-
tients that, without fail, they cannot
afford to have more than three or four
children at most, regardless gf their
level of income. Yet many have be-
tween three and eleven! Why, when
they are aware of their limited ca-
pacity to support them, do they conti-
nue to have more children? There are
many reasons, such as fear generated
by rumors, ignorance of the exact na-
ture of "methods, apathy, lack of fore-
sight or education, and the belief that
NOVEMBER 1967
The person-ta-person approach is vital to the success of the family planning
programs. Here Mrs. Marson uses the LupÁIl to demonstrate to a group oj
interested women the insertion of the intrauterine device the simple.H and surest
family planning method available in India.
children are a gift of God-if He wants
them to live, He will see that they are
fed; if they die, it is His will. There
are many other reasons, and each fam-
ily planning worker has his or her
favorite. Taken as a whole, they illus-
trate once again the great need for
careful patient education such as we
are trying to provide through each
hospital.
Unfortunately, many hospitals sim-
ply do not have staff available to do
much of this work. It can be a full-
time job. talking to groups of men
and women in OPO all morning, tour-
ing wards every afternoon,
visiting
communities to see patients who have
accepted family planning, and, if time
allows, working in the surrounding
villages.
The project has set aside extra
funds from which hospitals can draw
to hire extra staff to do full- or part-
time family planning programs. Hos-
pitals that have such staff usually use
them in teaching and visiting patients
in an integrated program of maternal
and child health and family planning.
This is probably the most effective
way.
One hospital. for example, has em-
ployed a dedicated retired lady health
visitor who worked for years in ma-
ternal and child health, and who is
now working with their public health
nursing tutor to set up an integrated
maternal and child welfare program
with domiciliary midwifery and family
planning. It is a joy to watch her
teach patients, for she is so skilled
and perceptive of their responses. I
accompanied her into the narrow
mud-walked streets of the nearby vil-
lage where this program is being set
up. It was clear that women in this
village trusted this worker, and she
was planning to use the trust built up
to convince them to adopt a method
of child spacing.
In another hospital in Rajasthan
state, I went with two midwives to
visit a village, one of 30 or 40 they
visit regularly. This particular hospi-
tal had converted a van, originally
used in village Tb work, into a mobile
family planning unit. The midwives
NOVFMRFR 1%7
live on it as they tour the rural areas
each week. Although we had a flat
tire, the trip through 40 miles of Ra-
jasthan countryside was starkly beau-
tiful, simmering in the intense dry
desert heat of Mav. The brown of the
landscape was broken only by the
brilliant hues of the flowing garments
worn by the women at work in the
fields. and the turbans worn by the
men. Even the huts of the village were
baked a bro\';nish color by the sun.
The village we visited was fairly
large - about 10,000 in population.
There, these midwives, by door-to-
door canvassing. had found 170 cou-
ples who wanted to practice family
planning. They were distributing only
conventional contraceptives. because
a year earlier a hastily planned gov-
ernment program promoting the loop
had resulted in many complications
and subsequent disrepute of the me-
thod. The pair try to reach the families
on their lists during the morning when
the women are home and alone. They
distribute the next month's supply of
contraceptives and give advice and
encouragement wherever needed. This
kind of village approach is needed on
a vastly wider scale, since it is the best
way to take family planning informa-
tion and services to the rural people.
Workers such as these. trained and
deeply aware of the urgency of India's
problems are still few and far be-
tween. Too often hospitals are willing
to incorporate such people into their
staffs but cannot find suitable candi-
dates because of the shortage across
the whole country. The need for train-
ing programs to supply more can be
readily seen.
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With more than 150 mission hospi-
tals and dispensaries now participat-
ing in the CMAI Family Planning
Project, our work is developing at a
rapid and exciting pace. Of course
the tangible results are the most accur-
ate refÌéction of the expansion of edu-
cational and clinical services and in
the first three months of 1967, 2,759
loops were inserted, and 210 vasec-
tomies and 1.375 tubal ligations were
performed. With further development
of priority educational programs for
staff and patients, I anticipate a steady
increase in the number of patients ac-
cepting the small family norm and
planning their families.
This year. the government has
placed increased stress on the develop-
ment of mass communication. Songs
on family planning and simple educa-
tional programs are being air
d on All
India Radio; feature length films are
readily available. An inverted red tri-
angle is being widely promoted to in-
dicate. without need for words, where
family planning services can be ob-
tained. All of these mass measures will
help to augment the vital person-to-
person approach. 0
Some 900 Canadians are presently working in Africa, Asia, Latin
America, and the Caribbean as representatives of CUSO, the
Canadian University Service Overseas. Almost 100 are qualified
nurses. For further information about CUSO service abroad,
diploma and degree nurses should contact the local CUSO
Committee in care of their nearest university Or write: CUSO,
151 Slater Sireet, Ottawa 4, Ontario.
cuse
,'.
suce
THE CANADIAN NURSE 49
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Information about sa"laries paid to nurse
faculty in Canada has become available,
for the first time, through a study under-
taken by the Canadian Nurses' Association
mid the Dominion Bureau of Statistics.
The results of the study represent 100%
of the 2,721 full-time nurse faculty in
three kinds of programs. who were dis-
tributed as follows: 292 in provincially
approved nursing assistant programs; 2.282
in diploma programs leading to R.N.; and
147 in university programs of nursing.
The salaries used for discussion. and
graphed below, are median annual salaries,
which dre found for each group by
arranging all the salaries for that group
in order of magnitude. and then selecting
the middle vdlue. Thus, for any particular
group. there are an equal number of
salaries above and below the median
annual salary for that group.
Although the data reflect salary levels
as of November, 1965, it is nevertheless
possible to draw conclusions about relative
salaries paid to: I. faculty members with
differing academic preparation; and 2.
faculty members having the same academic
preparation and teaching in the three
different kinds of programs.
Academic Differentials: In programs for
nursing assistants, the salary of facult}
members with baccalaureate degrees was
Median
Annual
Salary
$11.500
$11.000
$10.500
$10.000
$9.500
$9.000
$8.500
$8.000
$7.500
$7.000
$6.500
$6.000
$5.500
$5.150
$5.000
$4.500
'>" THF CANAOIAN NURSE
Does academic
preparation make cents?
$920 more than the salary of faculty
members without degrees. In diploma pro-
grams, the differential was $655. and in
university programs. $437. An even more
dramatic differential was evident at the
next level of academic qualification. In
programs for nursing assistants. the salary
of faculty members with master's degrees
was $1,850 more than the salary of faculty
with baccalaureate degrees. In diploma
programs, the differential was $1.115, while
in the university programs it was $2,255.
In university programs. the salary of
faculty members with doctoral degrees was
$2,758 more than the salary of facu4ty
with master's degrees.
To summarize these academic salary
differentials. the data show that. by com-
bining the faculty members of all three
programs and using as the basis for com-
parison the median annual salary of the
faculty members without degrees. an addi-
tional amount of $699 per year was paid
to holders of baccalaureate degæes. $2,482
to those having master's degrees. and $6.394
to those with doctoral degrees.
Program Differentials: A startling fact
becomes evident when median annual
salaries paid to similarly prepared faculty
are analyzed by the type of program in
which they teach. Faculty salaries were
higher in programs for nursing assistants
Median Annual Salaries of
Full-Time Nurse Faculty, 1965
$6.000
$6.010
$6.431
$5 695
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.....
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ii:
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No
Degree
Baccalaureate
Degree
than in diploma programs! This differential
held true at all levels of academic pre-
paration.
For faculty members with baccalaureate
degrees. the diploma programs paid the
lowest ($5.695); programs for nursing
assistants paid $375 more per year; and
univèrsity programs paid $367 more than
the nursing assistant programs. At the
master's degree level, the salary paid in
diploma programs was again the lowest
($6,810); nursing assistant programs paid
$1.110 more per year. and salaries in
university programs exceeded salaries in
nursing assistant programs by $772 per
year.
These salary differentials among the
three types of programs assume greater
importance when it is noted that 84%
of all faculty members were employed in
diploma programs. Thus. the programs that
prepare the greatest proportion of profes-
sional nurses were paying salaries the least
likely to attract academically prepared
faculty.
The difference between median annual
salaries paid in nursing assistant and
diploma programs may be explained by
the fact 17% of faculty members in nursing
assistant programs were employed hy
departments of education. Will we see
higher saldries in diploma programs as they
move into departments o'f education?
Key to Types of Programs:
I
$11.450
$8.692
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fl
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":
:.:::t
..' ;:.":.:,:.
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D
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University
Programs
of Nursing
Provincially Approved
Nursing Assistant
Programs
11111111111111111111111
Diploma
Programs
Leading to R.N.
$1.920
:.:-:::;-
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:... ::.:
.; :::=';"j.
:./
]
:..:
:::::.
.: -..1::
:: :!-f:j
:.:.:::::.:
:
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: =.:.=
: :.:;.
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":.
Source:
Education Division,
Dominion Bureau of
Statistics. and Research
Unit, Canadian f4urses'
Association, 1967
I
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Master's
Degree
Doctoral
Degree
NOVEMBER 1967
dates
November 7-9, 1967
9th Annual Meeting Operating Room
Nurses of Montreal. To be held at
Skyline Hotel, 6050 Côte de Liesse,
Montreal, P.Q.
November 13-14, 1967
Annual Meeting of the Catholic Hos-
pital Conference of Saskatchewan.
Sheraton Cavalier Motor Inn, Saska-
toon.
November 13-17, 1967
Nursing Conference on Patient Be-
havior, sponsored by Registered Nur-
ses' Association of Ontario. Inn-on-
the-Park, 1100 Eglinton Ave. E. To-
ronto.
November 15-17, 1967
Annual Meeting of the Saskatchewan
Hospital Association, Besborough
Hotel, Saskatoon.
November 16-17, 1967
ANPQ Annual Meeting, Chateau
Frontenac, Quebec City.
November 16-20, 1967
Annual Conference of Adult Educa-
tion Association of the USA, Philadel-
phia.
November 19-25, 1967
Group Process and Organizational
Skills Institute, sponsored by the
Center for Continuing Education, York
University, in cooperation with the
Canadian Association for Adult Educa-
tion. Tuition $150. Location: The
Talisman Resort, Beaver Valley, On-
tario. For information write: The
Center for Continuing Education, Be-
havioral Sciences Building, 4700 Keele
Street, Downsview (Toronto), Ontario.
November 26 - December 1, 1967
20th Annual Meeting of the World
Federation for Mental Health, Lima,
Peru. Theme: "Mental Health in Rapid-
ly Growing Populations." Inquiries:
WFMH, 1, rue Gevray, 1201 Geneva,
Switzerland.
December 4-6, 1967
First Canadian Conference on Hospi-
tal-Medical Staff Relations, sponsored
jointly by the Canadian Medical As-
NOVEMBER 1967
sociation, Canadian Hospital Asso-
ciation, Canadian Nurses' Association,
Seigniory Club, Montebello, Quebec
January 25-27, 1968
Royal College of Physicians and Sur-
geons of Canada, annual meeting,
Royal Alexandra Hotel, Winnipeg,
Manitoba.
May, 1968
Ontario Hospital, Kingston, Nurses'
Alumnae 1968 Reunion. All interested
graduates please write Miss Marie
Peters, Ontario Hospital, Kingston.
May 13-17, 1968
St. Boniface General Hospital, St.
Boniface, Manitoba, class of 1933
reunion. For further particulars con-
tact Mrs. Mary (Lauder) Isbell, Nursing
Service, St. Boniface General Hospital,
St. Boniface 6, Manitoba.
June 2-24, 1968
The seventh annual residential sum-
mer course on alcohol and addiction,
co-sponsored by Laurentian University
and the Addiction Research Founda-
tion. Admissions controlled to ensure
balanced representation from all pro-
fessional levels. Enrolment limited to
80. Location: Laurentian University,
Sudbury, Ontario. For information
write: Summer Course director, Educa-
tion Division, Addiction Research Foun-
dation, 344 Bloor Street, W., Toronto
4, Ontario.
July 8-12, 1968
Canadian Nurses' Association General
Meeting to be held in the Saskatoon
Centennial Auditorium, Saskatoon,
Saskatchewan.
August 25-31, 1968
5th International Congress of Physical
Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hotel,
Montreal, Quebec. Fee: $40 for para-
medical personnel. For information,
write: Dr. Bernard Talbot, Secretary
General, 5th International Congress
of Physical Medicine, 6300 Darling-
ton Ave., Montreal, Quebec.
October 31, 1968
Fourth Congress of the International
League of Societies for the Mentally
Handicapped, Jerusalem, Israel.
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 51
books
.f
The Two Faces of Medicine by Cdrl
Binger, M.D. 208 page
. Toronto. George
J. McLeod Limited, 1967.
Re1'iewed by Mi.u MarRaret A1cllll().\h,
Lecturer, School of N IIrsillR, Qlleell'.
Ullit'ersitv, Killg.
toll, 01llario.
This book. written by a p
ychiatri
t. is
directed primarily to members of the med-
ical profession. It is a collection of addres-
ses, lectures. and papers presented by Dr.
Binger over the past twenty years.
The book doe
not attempt to define men-
tal health. but rather tries to explain the
state of well-being one can attain. The fac-
tors encountered in the proce
s of living in
a particular social environment are \imply
and clearly outlined.
Through study and experience. the authur
ha
developed a deep understanding of the
human per
onality. The chapters dealing
with anxiety. psycho
omatic medicine. and
mental health are particularly good for thi
reason and would be of considerdble intere
t
to nUr
es.
Read at leisure. the book would provide
an enjoyable look at the two faces of med-
icine as they are related to man in hi
20th
Century world.
Communication in Nursing by Thora
Kron, R.N., B.S. 244 pages. Philadelphia
and London, W.B. Saunders Co., 1967.
Reviewed by Mrs. P. Laird, Director of
Nursing, Burnaby General Hospit(JI, Bur-
naby, B.C.
The author states "the quantity and qual-
ity of patient care are directly affected by
the effectiveness of the hospital communi-
cation process." Throughout the text she
makes many suggestions for the improve-
ment of communication in hospitals.
The book is divided into three parts:
"Elements of Communication," "Communi-
cation is Your Job," and "Keys to Effective
Communication." These parts are in turn
divided into titled chapters, with a Ii
ting of
the topics discussed. Sections on teaching,
writing. speaking. leading a meeting. and
even sign language are included.
The book emphasizes the three-dimension-
al aspect of communication: downward, up.
ward, and horizontal. Also of interest are
the questions at the end of every chapter
and the suggestions for further study.
All levels of nursing personnel would ben-
efit by this book. As a student text it is
excellent; nurses should learn very early in
their ba
ic educational program the value
of good communication in patient care.
52 THE CANADiAN NURS!:
Nutrition by Ruth Brennan. 271 pages. Du-
buque. Iowa. Wm. C. Brown, Company,
1967.
Re1'iewed hy Miss Loui.
e Comeau, Teach-
ing Dietitian, The M01llreal Gelleral Hos-
pital, M01llreal, P.Q.
This i
a reference text for dietitians. nu-
tritionists. nurses. students. and teachers. It
contains a variety of articles on nutrition
and diet therapy by :!R contributors. all res-
rected authorities in nutrition and medicine.
The book is divided into three sections.
The first deals with general nutrition. cul-
tural and social factors in nutrition. and
world nutritional problems. It includes a re-
view of the principles of general optimum
nutrition and their application in promoting
he,llth. It acquaints the reader with some of
the nutritional problems encountered in
American society, as well as in other parts
of the world where economic conditions and
cultural practices are quite different.
The second section is devoted to nutntion
in the lite cycle and is concerned with the
feeding problems of various age groups. The
third sectIOn covers several aspects of diet
therapy in the treatment of major conditions
requiring dietary modifications, such as
obesity, atherosclerosis. and chronic renal
failure.
The booJ.. is comprehensive; each article
is concise. informative. and accompanied by
an extensive bibliography. The need for the
dietitidn. the nurse. and other professional
health workers to undep,tand both the
disease and the patient is made evident in
the readings.
The First Fifty Years - Saskatche-
wan Registered Nurses' Association
by Marguerite E. Robinson. 220 pages.
Regina. Saskatchewan Registered Nurses'
Association. 1967.
Readers of this history will acclaim the
words of Jean E. Brown Thom
on. the writer
of it
foreward: "It is always a good thing
to keep one's eye on the present and future,
but it is folly to ignore the past. As in
the life of an individual. so in the life
of an organization. origins are important:.
The publication of its history by SRNA is
an appropriate project for C ,mada's centen-
nial year. Its timeliness is commendable.
Impre
sive research hds given the publi-
cation a factual nchness; however, its his-
torical merits have been impaired by the
omi\
ion of preci
e footnote referencing and
bibliography. The clarity dnd con
istency of
the bouJ.. are impaired by its repctitivene
s.
In
The story of nursing education. for exam-
ple, would have been told more clearly and
perhaps dramatically. if it had not been in-
terspersed throughout the book.
However, the value of the book outweighs
its faults. Future students. historians and so-
ciologists will be grateful to the Associa-
tion for the foresight that prompted the pub-
lication of The First Fifty Years. But still
greater will be the respect and inspiration it
gives to the selected few into whose keeping
the direction of the Saskatchewan Registered
Nurses' Association will be entrusted in
future.
,t)
.II
,"
..
Public Health Nursing for the Sick at
Home: A Descriptive Study by Visit-
ing Nurse Service of New York. Jane
Holliday, Ed.D.. Project Director. 228
pages. New York, Visiting Nurse Service
of New York.
Reviewed by Miss H. Eli;:.abeth Cawsum,
Assistallt Professor, School of NursinR,
Unil'er.
ity of Briti
h Columhia, Vall-
COlll'er, B.C.
This book is the report of a study under-
taken to apply the research process to the
utilization of visiting nurses to care for the
sick at home. It was anticipated that the
findings might furnish insight "for designing
an experimental program that would at-
tempt to utilize optimally the skills of
available nurses." Since the quantity and
variety of patients requiring nursing care
in their homes steadily increases. while
available personnel decreases, the rationale
for such a study appears sound.
This study, descriptive in design. sought
information in specific areas concerned with
staff utilization from three sub-populations
of the Visiting Nurse Service of New YorJ...
These were field staff nurses, patients, and
human resources (family members. friends,
etc.). Several different educational back-
grounds are reflected in the findings. Tools
included a field staff nurse questionnaire, a
patient interview guide, and a human re-
source interview guide. Each of these instru-
ments was pretested in an attempt to estab-
lish reliability, although one might question
the rather limited pretesting done. Follow-
ing collection of the data. proces
ing and
tabulation were undertaken by the Bureau
of Applied Research, Columbia University.
Details of methodology, including the
sampling procedures, sources of data. data
collection, and data proce
sing are included
in P,lrt I of the study report.
Part II deals extensively with the charac-
teristics and opinions of the nur\e re\pon-
NOVEMBER 1967
jents, from which emerges a group picture
:>f backgrounds, professional aspirations,
preferences in regard to types of patients,
:Jpinions in certain psycho-social areas, and
a few facets of the nurse's self-image.
Questionnaires were analyzed in terms of
educational and professional backgrounds
and personal attitudes and opinions, and
took into consideration both study variables
and the discrete variables of age, length of
employment, and geographical background.
Data are presented in tabular form and
comparisons drawn on a percentage basis.
Although much of the data elicited was
subjective in nature, one wonders if validity
might have been better ensured by the use
of more sophisticated statistical techniques.
Part III presents a similar type of anal-
ysis of the characteristics and opinions of
patients and human resources. Patient in-
terviews were stratified as to those with
or without correlate human resource inter-
views. The chi-square method of testing
for significant difference was employed in
analyzing the dichotomized data. The re-
maining data were tabulated and percent-
age comparison made. This section of the
study is lengthy and somewhat difficult to
follow with sustained interest. although
tables are well explained and interpreted.
and conclusions are drawn with clarity. Sel-
ected excerpts of respondents' replies that
explain their bases of reasoning help to
minimize what would otherwise be rather
tedious reading.
In the final section of the study, broad
conclusions are made and recommendations
advanced that are intended to be applicable
to the Visiting Nurse Service of New York.
Although the recommendations are specific
to this agency, many of them should have
meaningful implications for public health
nursing practice in other areas. It will
come as no surprise to public health nurses
that the nurse respondents reiterated some
old familiar tunes, such as "more time is
needed for rehabilitative care," and "too
much time is spent with active patients who
are capable of self-care." Lack of recog-
nition of the potential of both human re-
sources and nonprofessional nurses to as-
sume much more of the less intricate care
functions was evident in the nurse respon-
dent group. This once more points out the
continuing need for public health agencies
to study how their present staff nurses
might be better utilized.
This report should be of particular in-
terest to graduate students in nursing who
are involved in research projects, but there
are also implications for professional staff
in both the service and educational areas
of public health nursing.
WHO Expert Committee on Nursing,
Fifth Report. 32 pages. Geneva, World
Health Organization, 1966. Available from
Queen's Printer. Ottawa.
Reviewed by Miss Frances Howard, COII-
NOVEMBER 1967
sultant, Nursillg Service, Canadiall Nurses'
Associatioll.
of nursing personnel. differentiated by
education and function. The Committee
recognizes that there will be variations in
the proportions of personnel in each
cdtegory from country to country. A nucleus
of nurses prepared at the highest level is
recommended as essential in providing
responsible leadership. Limiting nursing
personnel to no more than three groups
will prevenl further fragmenlation of nurs-
ing care. The Expert Committee believes
that the system can be developed generally.
The responsibilities of the different grades
of personnel are described. providing a
foundation on which to build a nursing
service program.
The World Health Organization Expert
Committee on Nursing, in its fifth report,
has maintained the Organization's reputa-
tion in its expert consideration of problems
facing the world today and in the future.
It is difficult to set guidelines for action
in a world community constituted of many
and varied social, cultural. and economic
patterns. The Committee has, however,
developed a plan of action for the provision
of nursing services designed to meet the
needs of all countries.
The report recommends three categories
From Collier-Macmillan- NEW BOOKS
At last, a book on an important, long-neglected subject
The Nurse and the Dying Patient
by Jeanne C. Quint, University of California $7.70
Even early in their careers nurses may have to care for a dying
patient. Emotional conflicts result, and this book provides guide-
lines to the curricula changes needed to help them in their en-
counters with death, and to bring understanding of the human
and physical needs of the dying patient.
A new edition of a best-selling textbook
Proudfit-Robinson's Normal and
Therapeutic Nutrition, Thirteenth
Edition
by Corrine H. Robinson, Drexel Institute of Technology $9.10
An extensive revision and reorganization with new or up dated
chapters, tables, appendices and references, plus a revised recipe
section.
A book on Statistics written especially for nurses
Statistics for Nurses: The Evaluation
of Quantitative Information
by Jeanne S. Phillips and Richard F. Thompson, University of
Oregon $10.00
This book helps nurses understand the applications of statistics,
learn the techniques needed to evaluate research reports and to
formulate problems for statistical analysis. Examples used relate
to clinical nursing.
Statistics for Nurses: The Evaluation
of Quantitative Information
by Jeanne S. Phillips and Richard F. Thompson, University of
Oregon $10.00
This book helps nurses understand the applications of statistics,
learn the techniques needed to evaluate research reports and to
formulate problems for statistical analysis. Examples used relate
to clinical nursing.
Order the above for your library
For information on our complete nursing list, write to:
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 53
books
Discussion on nursing education is lim-
ited to the preparation of the nurse, the
practitioner defined by the International
Council of Nurses as giving "the most
responsible service of a nursing nature."
The report includes guidelines for the
development of basic, postbasic, post-
graduate, and continuing educational pro-
grams for nursing.
"A research minded profession can be a
powerful instrument for improving nur
ing
service in harmony with the changing needs
of society." These words conclude a section
of the report describing the role of research
in nursing education. service. and practice.
The Macmillan Dictionary for Practi-
cal and Vocational Nurses, edited by
Grace E. Fitch, R.N., M.S. and Mary
Jane Dubiny, R.N.. B.S. 308 pages. New
York, The Macmillan Company, 1966.
Reviewed by Mrs. Sandra Fast, B.Sc.N.,
1n.5tructor, Central School for Practical
Nurses, Winnipeg.
This first edition dictionary bears out the
authors' purpose of providing a reference
dictionary for practical nurses. The terms
and definitions are kept within the range
of material needed by the nursing student
of this level. Explanations are brief and
clear and expressed in simple terms that
provide the information a practical nurse re-
quires. Diagrams are well executed, ad-
equate in number, and add to the useful-
ness and general interest of the book.
The section of appendices covers many
areas of information of interest to the
practical nurse. Appendix I, the statement
of functions of the licensed practical nurse.
describes the most widely accepted and un-
derstood areas of competence prescribed by
law and the nursing profession without
reference to local or national customs or
variations that might confuse the student.
Appendix III, on drugs, is especially
good. It is up to date in content, and scien-
tific words are described in simple term-
inology. The same may be said of the ap-
pendices on anatomy and communicable
diseases.
On the whole, this reference dictionary
would be useful for the student and prac-
titioner of practical nursing.
Diagnostic Microbiology by W. Robert
Bailey, Ph.D. and Elvyn G. Scolt. M.S.,
M.T. (ASCP). 342 pages. Saint Louis.
Mosby, 1966.
Reviewed by Mrs. Patricia Stretch, Clin-
ical Supervisor, Isolation, University of
Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta.
As suggested by the title, the book con-
centrates on the laboratory diagnosis of
microorganisms only and is not a general
microbiology text. It is more detailed and
complete than that required for student
nurses studying microbiology or bacteriol-
ogy, but it would be an excellent reference
for a student to have available in her lib-
rary, as well as a good reference for nurs-
ing instructors in areas associated with mi-
crobiology. Its 10 parts cover such topics
as classification of the plant kingdom,
viruses and rickettsiae, and fungi.
The authors are knowledgable in their
subject. W. Robert Bailey is professor of
biological sciences, University of Delaware,
Newark, Delaware; and Elvyn G. Scott
is bacteriologist-in-charge. department of
bacteriology. and consultant of the pyelone-
phritis clinic, Delaware Division. and con-
sultant in bacteriology.
The format is well organized, with fre-
quent sub-headings. There is reference ma-
terial listed at the conclusion of each chap-
ter, but much of this material is American
and would be difficult to obtain. However,
the text is as complete as necessary for use
by nurses and additional reference material
would be superfluous. The book lacks a
glossary and illustrations, which would
make it a more valuable reference for
both student and instructor.
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54 THE CANADIAN NURSE
BUTTERflY SHAPED
ANORECTAL DRESSING
NOVEMBER 1967
books
A Bibliography and Reference Guide
for Occupational Health Nurses in
Canada by the Department of National
Health and Welfare. 23 pages. Ottawa,
Queen's Printer, 1967.
This gUIde is the revised version of A
Referellce Halldbook for Occupatiollal
Health Nurses first prepared in 1960. It
provides a select listing of health publica-
tions grouped under major headings. There
has been no attempt to list short papers
and articles pertaining to occupational
health nursing. Instead, journals and other
sources of continuing information have been
incl uded.
For the 1967 version, many occupational
health nurses across Canada reviewed the
draft and made suggestions that have res-
ulted in this publication. Suggestions made
only once could not be included, but the
publication will be revised periodically.
A Handbook of Pediatrics for Nurses
in General Training, 3d. ed., by Q. M.
Jackson, D.N. (Lond.) 108 pages. H. K.
Lewis & Co. Ltd., London, England.
Reviewed by Miss J. PaTllel/, Clillical
Illstructor, The Childrell's Hospital of
WillllipeR, Willllipeg, Mallitoba.
As the title implies, the author aims to
provide a textbook in pediatrics for nurses.
She states in the preface that the book is
written for student nurses and retired nur-
ses returning to the field.
The text is designed for nursing m Eng-
land and most methods outlined differ from
the methods with which we have become
familiar in Canada. Also hindering its value
as a student text is the detailed description
of specifics, rather than their underlying
priñciples. Statements often are made with-
out the scientific reason behind them.
The limited depth of the content of this
text makes its value to Canadian schools
of nursing doubtful.
A Nurses' Guide to Anaesthetics,
Resuscitation and Intensive Care,
3d ed., by Walter Norris, M.D.. F.F.A.R.
C.S., and Donald Campbell. M.B.. Ch.B.,
F.F.A.R.C.S.. D.A. 151 pages. E. & S.
Livingstone Ltd., Edinburgh and London,
1967.
Re\'iewed by Miss Mary Ellis, SlIper-
\.isor of Inservice Educatioll, Queell
Elizabeth Hospital, MOlltreal, Qllebec.
This book was written for student nurses
by two Scottish anesthetists in 1964 to ex-
plain the effect of present day anesthetics
on the nursing care of the patient. In this
third edition. the authors have revised
many of their original chapters and have
brought the book up to date.
There is much material that would in-
evitably overlap with other nursing texts
presently in use in Canada. Preoperative
care is described in great detail. Three
illustrations show how patients should not
be placed on carriers (one of which shows
the head entirely unsupported). The tone
of this section makes one wonder for what
level of intelligence the book W.lS intended.
The description of anesthetic agents and
their actions and use of equipment in the
intensive care unit is complete.
As an addition to a school of nursing
library, the beginning chapters of this book
can be recommended for additional reading
for reinforcement. It could be helpful in
providing some new material for students
regarding resuscitation and use of equip-
ment in intensive care units.
Medical Terminology, 2d. ed., by Gene-
vieve Love Smith and Phyllis E. Davis.
289 pages. John Wiley & Sons, New
York, 1967.
Ret'iewed by Mn. Jeall Bllrrows, IlI.ftruc-
tor, School of Nursillg, St. Boniface Gell-
eral Hospital, St. BOlliface, Mallitoba.
This programed text is mtended for
those studying the medical or paramedical
fields. The authors indicate that it also
could be used by persons in the business
world or the armed forces in frequent con-
tact with the world of medicine. A high
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sugar send for an illustrated copy of our
brochure, 'The Story of Sugar":
408 Car.
NOVEMBER 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 55
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I I
,INITIALS (Where ordered) I
I enclose S (Mass. residents add 3% S. T.) :
: Send 10 :
I Streel I
I I
________3
______3
_____
56 THE CANADIAN NURSE
books
school education is the only prerequisite
for the course.
The actual value of this book would be
to medical secretaries and librarians who
require much of this vocabulary with a
limited understanding of its meaning. The
nurse would find less use for much of the
technical medical vocabulary, since she re-
quires a deeper knowledge of the meaning
of the terms she uses.
The introductory portion includes frames
on th
use of the program. the word build-
ing system. and the methods of studying the
medical terminology. The authors suggest
a 30-hour course. and the remainder of the
book sets out 30 suggested assignments.
One section that would be beneficial to
the nursing student is the section on the
word-building system. If she utilized the
basic principles outlined, she should be
able to deduce the meaning of many of the
medical terms she will meet.
The authors suggest to the teacher that
the frames be assigned as homework, and
that class time be utilized for practice in
pronouncing the words correctly and ques-
tions and discussion about the material
previously covered. A series of eight criter-
ion tests and the final examination used
in the couse are available from the pub-
lisher, as an additional aid.
Foundations of Pediatric Nursing
by Violet Broadribb, R.N.. M.S. 573
pages. J_B. Lippincott Co., Toronto.
Reviewed by Miss Barbara Burke, Assist-
allt to the Director of Nursin/? Educatioll,
LakesllOre General Hmpital, Montreal,
P.Q.
The author has provided the nursing
profession with a valuable reference book.
In it she endeavors to focus the reader's
attention on the total environment of the
child rather than on specific disease-orient-
ed nursing. As the title implies, the book
provides a broad foundation of knowledge
to guide the student and graduate nurse
toward a fuller understanding of the child
and his needs.
The book is divided into eight units.
The introduction contains an interesting
summary of the history of pediatric nursing,
which aids the nurse in understanding pre-
sent concepts of nursing. and stimulates
her to develop concepts for the future. Two
chapters of particular interest in the in-
troduction are a description of the play
program and observations of a sick child.
Units two to seven describe the child,
his development and specific diseases from
the prenatal period. Each unit is clear
concise, and well-organized with many
photographs and diagrams throughout.
Unit eight is quite unique for a pedia-
tric text. The author presents a picture of
children throughout the world, bringing to
pediatric nursing the universal aspect so
important in this world of migrating people.
In her preface the author states "This
book is written with a realization of the
nurse's need to develop a broad and deep
perspective of the meaning of nursing
children." She has attain::d her objective.
ANA Clinical Sessions, American
Nurses' Association, 1966. 272 pages.
New York. Appleton-Century-Crofts, Div-
isions of Meredith Publishing Co., 1967.
Reviewed by Miss Jean R. Godard, As-
sistant Professor, Medical-Surgical Nurs-
in/? School for Graduate Nurses, Mont-
real, Quebec.
This collection of papers from the 1966
Clinical Sessions of the American Nurses'
Association represents an attempt to assist
the nurse to improve the quality of her
nursing care through a wider dissemination
of new and evolving knowledge in the social
sciences. Nursing experiences of many ex-
perts are presented and analyzed. In the
10 sessions and five clinics reported, dis-
cussions concern the behavior of people
under social pressure from their environ-
ment. Barriers to communication, approach-
es to problem patients, preparation of nurs-
ing diagnoses, clinical nursing problems,
community health, and education are topics
that come under consideration.
This book would be a useful adjunct to
the library of those interested in a more
scientific approach to nursing care. II is
illustrative of the increasing complexity of
the knowledge of man and his relationships
that is so vital to the professional nurse
today. The readability of these papers
should also make them useful to the teach-
er of nursing as source material for study
and discussion.
Issues in Nursin
by Bonnie Bullough,
R.N., M.S., and Vern Bullough, Ph.D.
278 pages. New York, Springer Publish-
ing Company, Inc., 1966.
Reviewed by Miss Helen Cummings, In-
structor, School of Nursin/? Hospital for
Sick Children, Toronto. Ontario.
As the title indicates, this book is a com-
posite of selected articles and papers writ-
ten during the past years on the changes
in nursing. The material has been written
by nurses with a wide variety of back-
grounds and experience, by sociologists, and
by doctors. Reports by groups in research
fields and government studies also are in-
cluded.
The five main section headings - Educa-
tion of Nurses, Nursing as a Profession,
The Nursing Role, Economic Problems of
the Profession, and Patient Centered Care
NOVEMBER 1967
Next Month
in
The
Canadian
Nurse
. homosexuality among women
. attitudes toward dying patients
. conception control 10 family,
planning
o
Photo credits for
November
Newton, Ottawa, p. 12
Evangelos Photography,
Vancouver, pp. 30, 31
Rapid, Grip and Batten, Ltd.,
cover and pp. 37, 39,40,41
Gaby, p. 38
Dominion-Wide, p. 42, 43
Department of Family Planning,
Government of India,
pp. 46, 48., 49
NOVEMBER 1967
books
_ all indicate areas of concern to nurses.
Many of the articles already have been
pUblished in nursing journals, but now com-
bined into one book, they provide an op.
portunity for study and for better under-
standing of various points of view on cur-
rent issues in nursing. The careful selection
and editing of the book make it an excel-
lent source of reference for a variety of
material.
This book could prove to be interesting
and meaningful to any nurse. It would be
a good reference text for senior nursing
students concerned with trends in nursing,
as well as for graduate nurses who may be
preparing material for workshops or dis-
cussion groups.
The Psychology of the Sickbed by I.H.
van den Berg, Ph.D.. M.D. 136 pages.
Pittsburgh, Pa., Duquesne University
Press. 1966.
Reviewed by Miss H. LeFeul're, Director
of Nursing, James Paton Memorial Hos-
pital, Gander, Newfoundland.
In this textbook the writer gives a clear,
concise explanation of the thoughts, feelings
and problems of the sick and discusses, from
the patient's point of view. the emotional
problems that may arise as a result of any
illness.
The book is divided into five sections.
The first section deals with the meaning of
being ill and with the problems disturbing
the patient as he endeavors to adjust to the
changes in the pattern of ordinary, everyday
things around him.
The author discusses the altitude and
behavior of visitors and the patient's feelings
toward visitors as well as the relationship
between the patient and physician. Although
he does not treat nurse-patient contacts. he
contends that the nurse has a very definite
role in the life of the patient.
This 136-page book is easily read. II
should make interesting and worthwhile
reading, not only for those directly concern-
ed with the care of the sick but also for the
general public. This book would be valuable
to student nurses and may help them to
become more understanding of patient need
.
A handbook and charting manual for
student nurses, 4th ed., by Alice L.
Price, R.N., M.A. 21 I pages. The C.V.
Mosby Co., Saint Louis. 1967.
Reviewed by Mr. C. O'Connor, Instruc-
tor, The General Hospital of Port Ar-
thur, Port Arthur, Omario.
The purpose of this instructive book is
to help student nurses to improve their
arithmetic, spelling, vocabulary, reading,
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simplify bandaging fingers. toes.
hands. feet. legs. arms. head and
body. Because Tubegauz is double-
bleached highest quality cotton yarn.
it can be washed, sterilized in an
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 57
books
study habits, personal appearance and at-
titudes. handwriting. printing. and chart-
ing. The material is well presented, clearly
written, and covered competently and thor-
oughly.
The book is designed so that the student
who needs help with speaking, reading, and
writing intelligently can work on these
areas, evaluate her needs, and progress
with minimum dependence on her instruc-
tors. In this way valuable classroom time
does not have to be devoted to material that
should have been mastered in high school.
The book also can be used as a supplement
to basic lectures in pharmacology, funda-
mentals of nursing, and professional ad-
ju
tments.
An interesting feature of the text is
that it contains arithmetic, spelling, and
vocabulary tests that can be given to appli-
cants to schools of nursing during the
initial interview. If prospective students
discover weaknesses in their knowledge,
they can use the book before entering
the school and improve their chances of
succeeding in the nursing course ahead.
The author seems to have achieved her
purpose. Teachers responsible for guiding
and counseling beginning students should
find it hel pful.
films
CNA Film "Vigil"
Television coverage for the recruitment
film prepared by the Canadian Nurses' As-
sociation is being handled by Modern Talk-
ing Picture Services, Toronto. With the six
prints given to them, they estimate eight to
ten telecasts per print per year, or an over-
all estimate of 60 telecasts each year. The
estimated viewing audience is approximately
30,000.
Plans are also underway to place four
additional prints with them for release to
community audiences. In this instance, 15 to
18 bookings per print are anticipated, with
an average viewing audience of about 80
people. This provides approximately 60 to
68 showings each year, with a total au-
dience of about 5,000 people.
The CNA Library will supply prints for
nursing audiences.
Leprosy
The Name of the Cloud Is Ignorance is
an 18-minute, black-and-white film showing
the work being done in India and elsewhere
to control and eventually to eradicate lep-
rosy. Treatment of the disease and cure
58 THE CANADIAN NURSE
of even advanced cases is ponrayed.
The film would be of interest to schools
of nursing as an extra film on communicable
disease or on world health problems and to
nursing chapters. It is suitable for adult
audiences only.
It has been reviewed and is recommended
by the Film Committee of the Overseas In-
stitute of Canada. Persons interested in using
the film are advised to try local sources (li-
braries, universities, departments of educa-
tion) first. The film is also available from
the Canadian Film Institute, 1762 Carling
Ave., Ottawa; a service charge is made for
this service.
Metabolic Disorders
Three new films on metabolic disorders
- with special emphasis on diabetes - re-
cently have been added to the library of the
Pfizer Company Limited, 50 Place Crema-
zie, Montreal II, Quebec. These films may
be borrowed by medical or nursing organ-
izations.
Metabolic Abnormalities is a 22-minute
black-
nd-white film showing a panel presen-
tation on international developments in clin-
ical and experimental research into the un-
derlying mechanisms of diabetes. This film
should be screened before use as a teach-
ing film for nursing students.
Treatment of Diabetes also is shown as a
panel presentation. The treatment of dia-
betes is seen as a tripod of management,
with diet, exercise, and medication used in
the proper balance. The current status of
oral therapy and insulin management is re-
viewed in depth.
Vascular Complications of Diabetes is a
film primarily for medical audiences. It dis-
cusses the nature of vascular complications
of diabetes and some of the research pro-
grams that are being carried on in this area.
accession list
Publications in this list of material
received recently in the CNA library are
shown in language of source. The majority
(reference material and theses, indicated by
R excepted) may be borrowed by CN A
members, and by libraries of hospitals and
schools of nursing and other institutions.
Requests for loans should be made on the
"Request Form for Accession List" (page
59) and should be addressed to: The
Library, Canadian Nurses' Association, 50
The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario.
BOOKS AND DOCUMENTS
I. The age of automation by Leon Bagrit.
Hardmondsworth, Penguin Books, cl965.
92p.
2. Au service de l'esprit; une étude des
sen'ices psychiatriques au Canada par J. S.
Tyhurst et autres. lère éd. Montréal, Asso-
ciation Canadienne pour la Santé mentale,
Division du Québec, 1966.
3. Book of reports, NSNA convelllion
1965-1967. New York, National Student
Nurses' Association. 3v.
4. Centennial Nursing In {tit ute 011 Res-
piratory Diseases, April 21, 1967, Ottawa.
Report. Ottawa, Canadian Tuberculosis As-
sociation, 1967. Iv.
5. Changing patterns of higher education
in Canada. Edited by Robin S. Harris. To-
ronto, University of Toronto Press for the
Ontario College of Education, c1966. 106p.
6. The circle back. New York, Nursing
Advisory Service on Tuberculosis and Other
Respiratory Diseases of the National Tuber-
culosis Association and the National League
for Nursing. 1967. Illp.
7. Folio of reports and proceedings; 53rd
annual meeting, June 8-9, 1967. Winnipeg,
Manitoba Association of Registered Nurses,
1967. 52p.
8. The foundation directory. 3d. Edited
by Marianna O. Lewis. New York, Russell
Sage Foundation, 1967. I I 98p. R
9. Foundations 20 viewpoints. Significant
papers selected from Foundation News,
Bulletin of Centre. Edited by F. Emerson
Andrews. New York, Russell Sage Founda-
tion. 1965. 108p.
10. A history of the International Coun-
cil of Nurses 1899-1964; the first sixty-five
years by Daisy Caroline Bridges. Philadel-
phia, Lippincott, cl967. 254p.
II. The intensive therapy unit and the
nurse by Eric K. Gardner and Brenda Shel-
ton. London, Faber, 1967. 162p.
12. Le nursing psychiatrique par Irma
Butz et Diane Tremblay. Montréal, Renou-
veau Pédagogique, 1966. 205p.
13. Précis de pratique médicale par A.
Molinier, C. Pédoya et L. Tabusse. Paris,
Doin, 1963. 1350p.
14. The Rockefeller Foundation annual
report for 1966. New York, 1967. 246p.
15. The story of modern medicine by
Lawrence Rosenberg and Nancy Rosenberg.
New York, Norton, c1966. Illp.
16. The two faces of medicine by Carl
Binger. 1st ed. New York, Norton, c1967.
208p.
17. Urologie par Jean-Claude Fortier. Re-
visé par Noel Versehelden. Ottawa, Re-
nouveau Pédagogique, 1966. 46p.
PAMPHLETS
18. Are we preparing licensed practical
nurses to meet community needs? Papers
presented at the sixth Conference of the
Council of Member Agencies . . . New
York City, May 6-7, 1967. New York, Na-
tional League for Nursing, Dept. of Prac-
tical Nursing Programs, 1967. 19p.
19. The CMA in action. Toronto, Cana-
dian Medical Association, 1966. 22p.
20. The media explosion hits higher edu-
cation. Reprint. Toronto, Canadian Univer-
sity, vol. 2, no. 2. Marchi April 1967.
NOVEMBER 1967
accession list
21. L'infirmière auxiliaire; aperçu de lé-
gislation sanitaire comparée. Genève. Orga-
nisation Mondiale de la Santé, 1966. 39p.
22. Statements on the recommendalions
of the report of the Minister of Health's
Committee on the supply of nurses. Win-
nipeg, Manitoba Association of Registered
Nurses, 1967.
GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS
Canada
23. Dominion Bureau of Statistics. Hos-
pital morbidity. Ottawa, Queen's Printer,
1967. 123p.
24. Hospital statistics; v.6. Hospital ex-
penditures 1965. Ottawa. Queen's Printer.
1967. 117p.
25. Hospital statÜtics: v.5. Hospital rev-
enues 1965. Ottawa, Queen's Printer, 1967.
43p.
British Columbia
26. Dept. of Health Services and Hos-
pital Insurance. Se,'entieth annual report of
public health services for the year ended
December 31, 1966. Victoria, 1967. 74p.
New Brunswick
27. Medical School Suney Committee.
Report. Fredericton. 1967. 154p.
United States
28. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel-
fare. Characteristics of persons with diabetes,
United States, July 1964 - June 1965.
Washington, 1967. 44p.
29. Prevalence of chronic conditions and
impairmellts among residents of nursing
and personal care homes United States.
May-June 1964. Washington, 1967. 36p.
30. Dept. of Labor. Bureau of Labor
Statistics. Industry wage sun'ey. Hospitals
July 1966. Washington. U.S. Gov't. Print.
Off., 1967. 107p.
STUDIES IN CNA REPOSITORY COLLECTION
31. The association between information
gÏ\'en to patiellts prior to a diagnostic proce-
dure and the patiellt.f' adaptatIOn to the
procedure by Swarna Lecamwasam. Mon-
treal, 1967. 56p. Thesis (M.Sc.(App.)) -
McGill. R
32. Factors influencing the creatiun of a
research climate in 1II1Î,'ersity nursing
cllOuls
by Janetta MacPhail. Ann Arbor, 1966.
353p. Thesis - Michigan. R
33. The obsenational process in nursing;
the collection of information, and its utiliza-
tion in making a nur.fing assessmellt and
planning for patient care by Beatrice Sal-
mon. Montreal. 1967. 66p. Thesis (M.Sc.
(App.)) - McGill. R
34. The relation between presence of
mothers with their hmpitalized children and
children's recO\'ery after tonfillectomy by
Stella Shonola-Shoyinka. Montreal. 1967.
32p. Thesis (M.Sc.(App.)) - McGill. R
Request Form
for "Accession List"
35. A study of the relation of "fit" illto
the role system of a hospital school of nurs-
ing and withdrawal from the school of nurs-
inl: by Dorothy J. Taylor. Montreal, 1967.
43p. Thesis (M.Sc.(App.)) - McGill. R
36. A study of the relationships amonl:
selected educational emluations in schools
of nursing and performance on licensure
examinations by Barbara G. Kuhn. Mon-
treal. 1967. 60p. Thesis (M.Sc.(App.)) -
McGill. R.
37. A study of the relationship between a
nurse's knowledge of physiological principles
and her performance of a specific technical
procedure by Jane E. Henderson. Montreal,
1967. Thesis (M.Sc.(App.)) - McGill. R
38. A study to determine chanl:e in both
the student's higher level general ,'alues and
her lower level specific values, during a psy-
chiatric nuning experience by Mary Reidy.
Montreal, 1967. 60p. Thesis (M.Sc.(App.))
- McGill. R
39. A study to examine the relationships
between the cungruencv among the expecta-
tions held by the head nurse, the medical
officer and the staff nunes for the role of
the head nurse and the acceptance of the
role by Olivette Gareau. Montreal, 1967. Iv.,
69p. Thesis (M.Sc.(App.)) - McGill. R
40. Whom do nursing students perceive
as important in giving reward for their nurs-
ing action? by Patricia S.B. Anderson. Mont-
real, 1967. 161 p. Thesis (M .Sc.(App.))
McGill. R 0
A VA/LADLE SOON!
CANADIAN NURSES'
ASSOCIATION LIBRARY
REPORT OF THE INQUIRY COMMISSION
ON HEALTH AND SOCIAL WELFARE
(CASTONGUAY REPORT)
Send this coupon or facsimile to:
LIBRARIAN, Canadian Nurses' Association,
50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario.
Please lend me the following publications, listed in the
.... .. ...... issue of The Canadian Nurse,
or add my name to the waiting list to receive them when
available.
Item Author Short title (for identification)
No.
Volume I -Health Insurance
Volume II-Interns and Residents
$2.50
$1.00
WATCH FOR THE ENGLISH-LANGUAGE VERSIONS,
now in preparation. French-language editions are already
on sale at the Commission's offices, 360 McGill Street,
Montréal and at the office of the Queen's Printer, Parliament
Buildings, Québec.
Request for loans will be filled in order of receipt.
Reference and restricted material must be used in the
CNA library.
Borrower
Registration No.
Position ..
Address ....
Date of request
Each order must be accompanied by a money order or
certified cheque, payable to the Minister of Finance.
THE QU
BEC DEPARTMENT
OF HEALTH AND WELFARE
THE CANADIAN NURSE 59
NOVEMBER 1967
cþ
I
r
classified advertisements
ALBERTA
Registered Nurses required for a 51-bed active
treatment hospital, situated in east central Alberta.
Salary range from $400 to $460 commensurate with
experience. Full maintenance in new nurses' resid
encs for $40 per month, sick leave and pension
benefits available, 4O-hour work week, 21 days plus
statutory holidays after the first year, and 28 days
plus statutory holidays after five years. For further
information kindly contact: W.N. Saranchuk, Admin-
istrator, Elk Point, Municipal Hospital, Elk Point,
Alberta. 1-34-1
Registered Nurses WANTED for a 30-bed hospital
located on highway 12, east central Alberta.
Salary and personnel policies as per AARN. Apply
to the Director of Nursing, Our Lady of the Rosary
Hospital, Castor, Alberta.
Regist..ed Nun.. required for the Peace River
Municipal Hospital. Salary $390 - $465. Credit for
past experience as recommended by AARN. New
Hospital and nurses' residence. Apply to: Miss Jean
Glencross, R.N., Director of Nursing, Peace River,
Alberta.
Registered Nurse required for 34-bed general has.
pital. Salary range $380. to $450. Recognition for
past experience. Liberal fringe benefits. Accommo
dation in residence. Apply to: Director of Nursing,
Tofield Municipal Hospital, Tofield, Alberta.
Registered Nurses for General Duty in a 32-bed
hospital. Board and Room $40.00 per month. Salary
range $390.00 to $475.00. For further information
contact: The Director of Nursing, St. Theresa Hos-
pital, Ft. Vermilion, Alberta.
General Duty Nurses for active, accredited, well-
equipped 64-bed hospital in growing town, population
3,500. Salaries range from $380-$440 commensurate
with experience, other benefits. Nurses residence.
Excellent personnel policies and working conditions.
New modern wing opened this year. Good commu-
nications to large nearby cities. Apply Director of
Nursing, Brooks General Hospital, Brooks, Alberta.
ADVERTISING
RA TES
FOR ALL
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING
$10.00 for 6 lines or less
$2.00 for each additional line
Rates for display
advertisements on request
Closing date for copy and cancellation is
6 weeks prior to 1st day of publication
month.
The Canadian Nurses' Association has
not yet reviewed the personnel pOlicies
of the hospitals and agencies advertising
in the Journal. For authentic information,
prospective applicants should apply to
the Registered Nurses' Association of the
Province in which they are interested
in working.
Address correspondence to:
The
Canadian ð
Nurse
50 THE DRIVEWAY
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO.
60 THE CANADIAN NURSE
I I
ALBERTA
GENERAL DUTY NURSES - Salary range - $4,320
!o $5,460 per annum, 40 hour week. Modern living.
In facilities available at moderate retes, if desired.
Civil Service holiday, sick leave and pension bene-
fits. Starting salary commensurate with training
and experience. Apply to: Superintendent of Nunes,
Baker Memorial Sanatorium, Box 72, Calgarv,
Alberta. 1.14-3 A
Generol Duty Nurse for small modern hospital on
Highway # 12. East Central Alberta. Salary
range from $405. $475. Residence available. Per-
sonnel policies as per AARN and A.H.A. Apply:
Director of Nursing, Coronation Municipal Hospital,
Coronation Alberta.
GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 94-bed General Has.
pital located in Alberta's unique Badlands. $380-
$440 per month, approved AARN and AHA per-
sonnel policies. Apply to: Miss M. Hawkes, Director
of Nursing, Drumheller General Hospital, Drumhel-
ler, Alberta. 1-31-2A
General Duty Nurses for 64-bed active treatment
hospital, 35 miles south of Calgary. Salary range
$380 - $450. Living accommodation available in sep-
arate residence if desired. Full maintenance in
residence $45.00 per month. Excellent Personnel
Policies and working conditions. Please applV to:
The Director of Nursing, High River General Hos-
pital, High River, Alberto. 1-46-IA
GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Modern 26-bed hospital
close to Edmonton. 3 buses daily. Salary $380 to
SASO per month commensurate with experience.
Residence available at $40.00 per month. Excellent
personnel policies. Applv: Director of Nursing.
Mayerthorpe Municipal Hospital, Mayerthorpe. Al-
berta. 161-1
--
General Duty Nurses required by 150-bed general
hospital presently expanding to 230 beds. Salary
1967, $380 to $450; 1968 - $405 to $485. Experi-
ence recognized. Residence available. For particulars
contact Director of Nursing Service, Red Deer
General Hospital, Red Deer, Alberta.
General Duty Nursing positions are available in a
100-bed convalescent rehabilitation unit forming
part of a 330-bed hospital complex. Residence
available. Salary 1967 - $380 to $450. per mo.
1968 - $405 to $485. Experience recognized. For
full particulars contact Director of Nursing Service,
Auxiliary Hospital, Red Deer, Alberta.
Nu..es required for a SO-bed AUXILIARY HOSPITAL
in town of 4000. Salay range $380. $450. Experi.
ence recognized. Residence accommodation avail-
able. Policies available on request. Apply to Mrs.
A. Tetarenko, R.N., Director of Nursing, Wainwright-
Provost Auxiliary Hospital, Wainwright, Alberta.
BRITISH COLUMBIA
ROYAL JUBtLEE HOSPITAL, VICTORIA, B.C.: Invites
B.C. Registered Nurses (or those eligible) to apply
for these positions: SUPERVISOR for a 42-bed Psychia-
tric Unit. HEAD NURSE for modern Post-Operative
Recovery Room. GENERAL STAFF for Psychiatric Unit.
Apply indicating preparation and experience to:
Director of Nursing, Victoria, British Columbia.
2-76-4A
Operating Room Head Nurse ($464 - $552), General
Duty Nurses (B.C. Registered $405 - $481, non-Regis-
tered $390) for fully accredited 113-bed hospital in
N.W. B.C. Excellent fishing, skiing, skating, curling
and bowling. Hot springs swimming nearby. Nurses'
residence, room $20 per month. Cafeteria meals.
Apply: Director of Nursing, Kitimat General Hospital,
Kitimat, British Columbia. 2-36-1
OPERATING ROOM SUPERVISOR required for 121.
bed octive General Hospital situated in the Okana-
gan Valley. Advanced preparation preferred. Basic
1967 salary - $468. RNABC policies in effect. Ap-
ply: Director of Nursing, Penticton Hospital, Pentic-
ton, British Columbia.
REGISTERED, GRADUATE NURSES and PRACTICAL
NURSES - For modern 70-bed accredited hospital
on Vancouver Island, B.C. Resort area - Home of
the tyee salmon. Four hours travelling time to City
of Vancouver, RNABC policies and Union Contract
in effect. Residence accommodation available. Direct
enquiries to:
Director of Nursing Services, Camp-
bell River & District General Hospital, Campbell
River, British Columbia.
B.C. R.N. for General Duty in 32 bed General Hospi-
tal. RNABC 1967 salary rate $390 - $466 and fringe
benefits, modern, comfortable, nurses' residence in
attractive community close to Vancouver, B.C. For
application form write: Director of Nursing, Fraser
Canyon Hospital, R.R. I, Hope, B.C. 2-30-'
I I
BRITISH COLUMBIA
Registered or non-registered General Duty Nurses
and Nursing Assistants (3 required immediately)
for new 31.bed, active treatment hospital, located
in the South Cariboo. Personnel policies in ac-
cordance with RNABC. Nurses' residence available.
Apply in writing to: Director of Nursing, 100 Mile
District General Hospital, 100 Mile House, British
Columbia. 2-50- 2
General Duty Nurses for active 30.bed hospital.
RNABC policies and schedules in effect, also North.
ern allowance. Accommodations available in res.
idence. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital,
Fort Nelson, Briti.h Columbia. 2-23-1
General Duty Nurses for new 30.bed hospital
located in excellent recreational area. Salary and
personnel policies in accordance with RNASC. Com-
fortable Nurses' home. Apply: Director of Nursing,
Boundary Hospital, Grand Forks, British Columbia .
GENERAL DUTY NURSES - for 109-bed hospital in
expanding Northwestern British Columbia City. Salary
$405 to $481 for B.C. Registered Nurses with recogni-
tion for experience. RNASC contract in effect. Gradu.
ate Nurses not registered in B.C. paid $390. Benefits
include comprehensive medical and pension plans.
Travel allowance up to $60 refunded after one
year's service. Comfortable, modern residence accom.
modation at $15 per month, meals at cost. Apply to:
Director of Nursing, Prince Rupert General Hospital,
551-5th Avenue East, Prince Rupert, B.C. 2-58-2A
Generol Duty Nurses for well-equipped 63-bed gen.
eral hospital in beautiful inland Volley odjacent
lake Kathlyn and Hudson Bay Glacier. Boating,
fishing, swimming, golfing, curling, skating, skiing.
Salary $390 - $405. Maintenance $60.00, 40 hour -
5 day week, Vacation with pay - Comfortable, at-
tractive nurses' residence. Apply to: Director of
Nursing, Bulkley Valley District Hospital, P.O. Box
370, Smithers, B.C. 2-67-1
General Duty Nurse for 54-bed active hospital in
northwestern B.C. Salaries: B.C. Registered $405, B.C.
Non-Registered, $390, RNABC personnel policies
in effect. Planned rotation. New residence, room and
board: $55/m. T.V. and good social activities.
Write: Director of Nursing, Box 1297, Terrace, British
Columbia. 2-70-2
General Duty Nurses needed for active 45-bed
hospital - Central B.C. R.N.A. salary scale and
personnel policies in effect. Salary recognition
given for experience. Overtime paid. Modern
Nurses' Residence available. New hospital planned
for near future. Write Director of Nursing, St.
John Hospital, Vanderhoof, B.C.
General Duty and Operating Room Nurses for 70-bed
Acute General Hospital on Pacific Coast. B.C. Regis-
tered $390 - $466 per month (Credit for experience).
Non B.C. Registered $375 - Practical Nurses B.C. li-
censed $273. $311 per month. Non Registered $253.
$286 per month. Board $20 per month, room $5.00 per
month. 20 paid holidays per year and 10 statutory
holidays after 1 year. Fare pa id from Vancouver.
Superannuation and medical plans. Apply: Director of
Nursing, St. George's Hospital, Alert Bay, British
Columbia. 2.2-1 A
General Duty, O.R. and experienced Obstetrical
Nurses for modern, 150-bed hospital located in the
beautiful Fraser Valley. Personnel policies in ac-
cordance with RNABC. Appl r. to: Director of Nursing,
Chilliwack General Hospita, Chilliwack, British Co.
lumbia. 2-13-1
General Duty, Operating Room and Experienced
Obstetrical Nurses for 434-bed hospital with school
of nursing. Salary: $390 - $466. Credit for past ex-
perience and postgraduate training. AO-hr. wk. Stot.
utory holidays. Annual increments; cumulative sick
leave; pension plan; 28-days annual vacation; B.C.
registration reQuired. Apply: Director of Nursing.
Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, British
Columbia. 2-73-13
GRADUATE NURSES: For permanent staff or holiday
relief. In active 164-bed acute General Hospital
with full accreditation, located in the Columbia
River Valley in southeastern British Columbia. Un-
limited social and sports activities including golf,
tennis, swimming, skiing and curling. 40 hour week:
Starting salary after registration $390 rising to $466.
Four weeks annual vacotion, 10 statutory holidays,
1 'I. days sick leave per month cumulative to 120
days. Employer-employee participation in medical
coverage and superannuation. Residence accommoda-
tion. For further information apply to: Director of
Nursing, Trail.Tadanac Hospital, Trail, British Co-
lumbia.
GRADUATE NURSES for 24-bed hospital, 35-mi. from
Vancouver, on coast, salary and personnel prac-
tices in accord with RNABC. Accommodotion availa-
ble. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital,
Squamish, British Columbia. 2-68-1
NOVEMBER 1967
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GO!... Where the ACTION is!
.
· Mrs. Helen Middleworth, Director, Nursing Service
· Albany Medical Center Hospital
.
. Albany, New York 12208
Albany Medical Center, that's where. A modern teaching hos- .
pita I perfectly located in beautiful upstate New York. . . on .
the doorstep of New York City's bright lights . . . exciting ·
horse racing at Saratoga. . . summer homes of the Philadelphia ·
and Boston Symphony Orchestras. . . scenic lake George . .. ·
.
and the greatest skiing in the East. .
Our nursing opportunities are tops, too. For details, send for ·
our free booklet, "Albany Medical Center Nurse." ·
.
.
Albany Medical Center Hospital :
Please send me a free copy of your nursing booklet.
NAME ........... ...... .........................
ADDRESS ........................... . . . . . . . . . . . . .
NOVEMBER 1967
CITY .............. . STATE ........... ZIP. . . . . .
THE CANADIAN NURSE 61
BRITISH COLUMBIA
General Duty and Operating RDDm Nurses for
modern 450-bed hospitol with School of Nursing.
RNABC policies in effect. Credit for post experience
and postgraduate training. British Columbia registra-
tion required. For particulars write to: the Director of
Nursing Service, St. Joseph's Hospital, Victoria, Bri-
tish Columbio. 2-76.5
MANITOBA
Registered Nurse for 18-bed hospitol otVita, Monitobo,
70 miles from Winnipeg. Doily bus service. Solory
range $390 - $475, with ollowonce for experience.
40 hour week, 10 statutory holidoys, 4 weeks poid
\location after one year. Full maintenance available
lor $50 per month. Apply: Matron, Vita District
Hospital. Vita, Manitoba. 3.68-1
Registered Nurses (2) for 32-bed fully modern hos-
pital in the parkland district of Manitoba. Minimum
salary $395 to a maximum of $480, ".ith extra
monetary consideration given for experience. For
further particulars write or phone - collect to:
Mrs. Edna Sims, Superintendent, Roblin District Hos-
pital, Roblin, Manitoba.
NOVA SCOTIA
Registered Nurses for 21-bed hospital in pleasant
communIty - Eastern Shore of Nova Scotia. Apply:
Superintendent, Eastern Shore Memorial Hospital,
Sheet Harbour, Nova Scotia. 6-32-1
Registered and Graduate Nurses for General Duty.
New hospital with all modern conveniences, also,
new nurses' residence available. South Shore Com-
munity. Apoly to: Superintendent. Queens General
Hospital, Liverpool, Nova Scotia. 6-20-1
GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Positions available for
Registered Qualified General Duty Nurses for 138.
bed active treatment h01pital. Residence accom-
modation available. Applications and enquiries will
be received by: Director of Nursing, Blanchard-Fraser
Memorial Hospital, Kentville. Nova Scotia. 6-19-1
ONTARIO
Supervisor of Public Health Nursing, qualified.
Salary range $6,652 - $8,130 plus $300 for B.Sc.N.;
Starting level appropriate to experience and merit.
Employer shared pension plan, medical and hospital
insurance. Generous car allowance, cumulative sick
leave, one month annual vacation. Apply to: Dr.
E. G. Brown, Kent County Health Unit, 21 Seventh
Street, Chatham, Ontario.
Registered Nurse and Technician required for O.R.
Department of 81-bed hospital. Apply: Director of
Nursing, Alexandra Marine and General Hospital,
Goderich, Ontario. 7-51-1
OPERATING ROOM NURSE and CENTRAL SUPPLY
SUPERVISOR: wanted for SO-bed hospital. State ex-
perience and references. Apply to: Administrator,
Saugeen Memorial Hospital, Southampton, Ontario.
WANTED: EXPERIENCED REGISTERED NURSE, In-sti-
tution under 100 beds. Excellent working conditions.
Shift work, car allowance and satisfactory fringe
benefits. State references by making application to:
O.H.M.R.I., P.O. Box 100, Plainlield, Ontario.
Required immediately. Registered Nurses for 32-bed
hospital in north western Ontario. Salary schedule
$450. to $550. per month. Accommodation available.
Excellent personnel pol icies. Please reply in writing
to: Miss M. McLeod, R.N., Administrator, Atikokan
General Hospital, Atikokan. Ontario.
REGISTERED NURSES required immediately for 53-
bed hospital. Minimum salary $415. Three weeks
vacation, pension, life and medical insurance, 8
statutory holidays, 40 hour week. Air, rail and road
communication. Northern hospitality. Apply to: Direc-
tor of Nurses, Porcupine General Hospital, South
Porcupine, Onto 7.123-1
Registered Nurses for 34-bed hospital, min. salary
$A15 with regular annual increments to maximum
of $495. 3.wk. vacation' with pay; sick leave after
6-mo. service. All Staff - 5 day 40-hr. wk., 9
statutory holidays, pension plan and other benefits.
Apply to: Superintendent, Englehart & District Hos-
pital, Englehart, Ontario. 7-40-1
62 THE CANADIAN NURSE
I I
ONTARIO
REGISTERED NURSES (IMMEDIATELY) for a new 40.
bed hospital. Nurses' residence - private rooms with
bath - $20 per month. Minimum salary $415 plus
experience allowance, A semi-annual increments.
Reply to: The Director of Nursing, Geraldton District
Hospital, Geraldton. Ontario. 7.50-1 A
Nursing Positions - for REGI STERED NURSES, tor
325-bed fully accredited active General Hospital -
centrally located in the city, for further information
write to the Director of Nursing, THE DOCTORS
HOSPITAL, 45 Brunswick Avenue, Toronto 4, On.
tario.
Registered Nurses for 18-bed (expanding to 36-bed)
General Hospital in Mining and Resort town of 5,000
peaple. Beautifully located on Wawa lake, 140 miles
north of Sault Ste. Marie. Ontario. Wide variety of
Summer and winter sports including swimming, boat-
ing, fishing, golfing, skating, curling and bowling.
Six churches of different faiths. Salaries comparable
with all northern hospitals. Limited bed and board
available at reasonable rate. Excellent personnel
policies, pleasant working conditions. HEAD NURSE
with some formal preparation and/or adequate ex-
perience. Apply to: Director of Nursing, The Lady
Dunn General Hospital, Box 179, Wawa, Ontario.
7.140-18
Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistant,
for JOO-bed General Hospital, situated in Northern
Ontario. Salary range $415 - $455 per month, RNA's
$273. $317 per month, shift differential, annual
increments, 40 hour week, OHSC and P.S.1. plans in
effect. Accommodation available in residence if
desired. For full particulars apply to: The Director
of Nurses, Lady Minto Hospital, Cochrane, Ontario.
7-30-1 B
Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants
are invited to make application to our 75-bed,
modern General Hospital. You will be in the Vaca-
tionland of the North, midway between the Lakehead
and Winnipeg, Manitoba. Basic wage for Registered
Nurses is $408 and for Registered Nursing Assistants
is $285 with yearly increments and consideration for
experience. Write or phone: The Director of Nursing,
Dryden District General Hospital, DRYDEN, Ontario.
7-26-1 A
Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants
lor 160-bed accredited hospital. Starting salary $415
and $285 respectively with regular annual incre-
ments for bofh. Excellent personnel policies. Resid-
ence accommodation available. Apply to: Director of
Nursing, Kirkland & District Hospital, Kirkland Lake,
Ontario. 7-67-1
Registered Nurses and RetJistered Nursing Assistants.
Starting Salary lor R.N. is $415 and for R.N.A. is $300.
Allowance for experience. Excellent fringe benefits.
Write: Mrs G. Gordon, Superintendent, Nipigon Dis-
trict Memorial Hospital, Box 37, Nipigon, Ontario.
7-87.1
Registered Nurse and Registered Nursing Assistants
in modern 100-bed hospital, situated 40 miles from
Ottawa. Excellent personnel policies. Residence
accommodation available. Apply to: Director of
Nursing, Smiths Falls Public Hospital, Smiths Falls,
Ontario. 7-120-2A
Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants
lor 83-bed General Hospital in French speaking com-
munity of Northern Ontario. R.N:s salary: $420 to
$465/m., 4 weeks vacation, 18 sick leave days and
R.N.A:s salar y, : $300 to $340/m., 2 weeks vacation
and 12 sick eave days. Unused sick leave is paid
at 1001}
. Rooming accommodations available in
town and meals served at the Hospital. Excellent
personnel pol icies. Apply to: Director of Nursing,
Notre-Dame Hospital, Hearst, Ontario. 7-58.1
REGISTERED NURSES and REGISTERED NURSING
ASSISTANTS required for 100-bed hospital in the
Model Town of the North. All usual fringe benefits,
living.;n accommodation. Salary range for general
duty nurses $415-$485 depending on qualifications
and experience. Registered Nursing Assistants $290-
$346. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Sensenbren-
ner Hospital, Kapuskasing, Ontario.
Registered Nurses for General Duty in well-equipped
28-bed hospital, located in growing gold mining
and tourist area. north of Kenora, Ontario. Modern
residence with individual rooms; room, board and
uniform laundry only $50/m, 40-hr. wk., no split shift,
cumulative sick time, 8 statutory holidays and 28
day paid vacation after one year. Starting salary
$430. Apply to: Matron, Margaret Cochenour Memo.
rial Hospital, Cochenour, Ontario. 7-29-1
1 I
ONTARIO
Registered Nurses for General Duty for
chest hospital. Residence accommodation,
commensurate with experience and abilit. y
to: Director of Nursing, Niagara Peninsula
torium, Bax 158, St. Catharines, Ontario.
166-bed
salary
Apply
Sana-
REGISTERED NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active
accredited well equipped 28-bed hospital. 30 miles
from Ottawa. Residence accommodation. Good per.
sonnel policies. Apply to: Administratrix, Kemptville
District Hospital, Kemptville, Ontario. 7-63-1
Registered General Duty Nunes required for 81-bed
hospital. Salary range $400-$445 per month accord-
ing to experience and qualifications. Residence ac.
commodation available. Attractive new hospital, good
working conditions. Apply: Director of Nursing,
Alexandra Marine and General Hospital, Goderich,
Ontario. 7-51.1 A
REGISTERED NURSES for General Duty in 29.bed
active treatment hospital. Salary $415 to $455. 3
week vacation, 8 Statutory holidays. 40 hour week.
Excellent personnel policies. Apply - Administratrix,
Bingham Memoriai Hospital, Matheson, Ontario.
Registered Nurses for General Duty in 100-bed hos-
pital, located 30-mi. from Ottawa, are urgently reo
quired. Good personnel policies, accommodation
available in new stafl residence. Apply: Director of
Nursing, District Memorial Hospital, Winchester, On.
tario. 7.144-1
Registered Nurses for General Staff and Operating
Room. Accredited 235-bed, modern, General Hospital.
Good personnel policies. Beginning salary $400 per
month, recognition for experience, annual bonus plan.
Planned in-service programs. Assistance with trans-
portation. Apply: Director of Nursing, Sudbury Me.
morial Hospital, Regent Street, S.. Sudbury, Ontario.
7-127.4 A
General Duty Nurses for 66-bed General Hospital.
Starting salary: $405/m. Excellent personnel policies.
Pension plan, I ife insurance, etc., residence accom.
modation. Only 10 min. from downtown Buffalo.
Apply: Director of Nursing, Douglas Memorial Hos-
pital, Fort Erie, Ontario. 7-45-1
General Duty Nurses for 100-bed modern hospital.
Southwestern Ontario, 32 mi. from London. Salary
commensurate with experience and ability, $398/m
basic salary. Pension plan. Apply giving full par-
ticulars to: The Director of Nurses, District Memorial
Hospital. Tillsonburg. Ontario. 7.131-1
General Staff Nurses and Registered Nursing Assis.
tants are required for a modern, well.equipped General
Hospital currently expanding to 167 beds. Situated in
a progressive community in South Western Ontario, 30
miles from Windsor-Detroit Border. Salary scaled to
experience and qualifications. Excellent employee
benefits and working conditions plus an opportunity
to work in a Patient Centered Nursing Service. Write
for further information to: Miss Patricia McGee, B.
Sc.N., Reg.N. Director of Nursing, Leamington District
Memorial Hospital, Leamington, Ontario. 7-69-1 A
OPERATING ROOM NURSES (2) for a fully ac.
credited 70-bed General Hospital. For Operating
Room Duty. Salary according to experience. Apply to:
O.R. Supervisor, Penetanguishene General Hospital,
Penetanguishene. Ontario. 7.99-2
Qualified Public Health Nurses required for expand.
ing generalized program in leading resort area.
Attractive salary ranges, fringe benefits, and travel
allowance. For full details please contact: W. H.
Bennett, M.D., D.P.H., Medical Olficer of Health,
Muskoka and District Health Unit, Box 1019, Brace-
bridge, Ontario. 7-15-2
Public Health Nurses - General Program. Salary
Range $5,666 to $6,926 by Increments 01 $157 at
intervals of six months. Starting salary related to
experience. Generous Car Allowance. Cumulative
Sick Leave, One Month's Vacation. Employer shared
pension plan, medical and hospital insurance. Ap-
ply to: Dr. E. G. Brown, Kent County Health Unit,
21 Seventh Street, Chatham, Ontario.
Pubic Health Nurse (qualified) for generalized pro-
gramme. Salary range $5,200 - 56,400 according
to experience. Salaries negotiated yearly. Personnel
policies on request. Apply in wrinting to: Miss
Beatrice Whalley, Supervisor of Public Health Nurs.
ing, Waterloo County Health Unit, 109 Argyle St.,
s., Preston, Ontario.
Public Health Nurses for Health Unit in Northern
Ontario. Generalized Program. Good salary and
personnel policies. Apply: Supervisor of Nurses,
Porcupine Health Unit, Timmins, Ontario. 7-132-2
NOVEMBER 1967
,
r
i
This
.
IS a
little Eskimo boy
Sometime during the next year.
he might fall and hurt himself-
or get measles or pneumonia.
He will need the care of a nurse.
A good nurse.
Maybe you?
Registered hospital and public health nurses, certified nursing assistants,
lor lurther inlormation write to:
MEDICAL SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE, OTTAWA, CANADA.
SCHOOL OF NURSING
WOODSTOCK
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Woodstock, Ontario
will require
TEACHERS -- JULY. 1968
For the approved two year curri-
culum with a third year of expe-
rience in nursing service (50 stu-
dents enrolled annually).
QUALIFICATIONS: University pre-
paration in Nursing Education.
SALARY: Commensurate with ex-
perience and education.
Apply to:
Director
School of Nursing
WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL
Woodstock, Ontario
NOVEMBER 1967
THE LORRAIN
SCHOOL of NURSING
PEMBROKE, ONTARIO
requires
TEACHERS
for a Two plus One Programme
which commenced in September,
1967.
Well-equipped, modern School of
Nursing opened in 1961.
Qualifications: University prepa-
ration required.
Salary commensurate with pre-
paration and experience.
Apply to:
The Director
LORRAIN SCHOOL OF NURSING
201 Deacon St.
Pembroke, Ontario
AJAX AND
PICKERING
GENERAL HOSPITAL
AJAX, ONTARIO
127 Beds
Nursing the patient as an indi-
vidual. Vacancies, General Duty
R.N.'s and Registered Nursing
Assistants for all areas, Full time
and part time. Salaries as in Me-
tro Toronto. Consideration for ex-
perience and education. Excellent
fringe benefits. Residence accom-
modation, single rooms, House-
keeping privileges.
Apply to:
NURSING OFFICE PERSONNEL
THE CANADIAN NURSE 63
INSTRUCTOR
.
JEFFERY HALE'S HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
1250 ST-FOY ROAD
QUEBEC 6, P.Q.
ONTARIO
Public H.alth Nurses wanted for scenic urban and
rural health unit, close to the capital city, in the
upper Ottawa Valley tourist area. Good summer
and winter recreational facilities. Salary range
$5,192 - $6,107. Allowance for experience and/or
degree. Usual fringe benefits. Direct enquiries to
Miss R. Coyne, Supervisor of Nurses, Renfrew
County Health Unit, 169 William Street, Pembroke
Ontario.
Public H.alth Nurs.s for generalized programme in
a County-City Health Unit. Salary schedule $5,400
to $6,600 per annum. 20 days vacation. Employer
shared pension pian, P.S.I. and hospitalization.
Mileage allowance or unit cars. Apply to: Miss
Veronica O'leary, Supervisor of Public Health Nurs-
ing, Peterbarough County-City Health Unit, P.O.
Box 246, Peterbaraugh, Ontario. 7-101-4A
QUE8EC
R.gist.red Nurs.s for 3D-bed General Hospital. Hun-
tingdon is Q small manufacturing town 50 miles
from centre of Montreal. There are excellent social
and recreational facil ities. Salaries as approved by
QHIS. Annual vacation 4 weeks, accumulated sick
leave. Blue Cross paid. Bonus for permanent night
shift. Full maintenance available for $43.50 per
month. Apply: Mrs. D. Hawley, R.N., Huntingdon
County Hospital, Huntingdon, Quebec. 9-29-1
REGISTERED NURSES for modern 80-bed general
hospital expanding to 150 beds, located in an at.
tractive, dynamic, sports oriented community 50
miles south of Montreal. Salaries and fringe bene-
fits camparable to Montreal. Apply to: Director of
Nursing, Brome.Missisquoi-Perkins Hospital, Cowans-
ville, P.Q.
OPERATING ROOM STAFF NURSES: (applications are
invited). I n a modern 350-bed hospital. Salaries
commensurate with experience and postgraduate
education. Cumulative sick leave, 28 days annual
vacation, retirement plan and other liberal fringe
benefits. Apply: Director of Nursing Service, St.
Mary's Hospital, 3830 lacambe Avenue, Montreal
26, Quebec. .9.47-39A
SASKATCHEWAN
DIRECTOR OF NURSING required for modern 24-bfld
active treatment hospital. Graduates in nursing ad-
ministration or with experience will be given pre-
ference. Salary schedule will be based an the
SRNA recommendations: Apply: Mr. R. Halinaty,
Administrator, Wakaw Union Hospital, Wakaw,
Saskatchewan.
REGISTERED NURSE, Help Rabbit lake Union Hos-
pital, Rabbit lake, Sask. Jain us. Feel wanted.
Room and board in residence. Write: Matron.
64 THE CANADIAN NURSE
SASKATCHEWAN
REGISTERED NURSES required for 24-bed active
treotment hospital. Established personnel policies
and pension plan. Salary range as per SRNA
recommendations. Adjustments to s'arting salary
made for previous experience. Residence aCCom-
modation available at nominal cast. Apply Miss
Fey Cook, Acting Director of Nursing, Wakaw
Union Hospital, Wakaw, Saskatchewan.
REGISTERED GENERAL DUTY NURSES required by a
40-bed fully accredited hospital. Salary in accar.
dance with the SRNA. Recognition of past ex-
perience policy applicable. Frequent daily trans-
portation connections by train and bus east and
west. Apply in writing or phone 948-3323 collect
to: Director of Nurses, Biggar Union Hospital,
Biggar, Saskatchewan.
General Duty and Op.rating Room Nurs.s, also
C.rtified Nursing Assistants for 560.bed University
Hospital. Salary commensurate with experience and
preparations. Excellent opportunities to engage in
progressive nursing. Apply: Director of Personnel,
University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
Op.rating Room Nurs. ($374.-$447.), Outpatient and
General Duty Nurses ($364.-$437.) full time and
part time and Certified Nursing Assistants ($260-
$300.) for 180-bed general hospital. Past experience
and qualifications recognized. Shift bonus and ex-
cellent personnel policies in effect. Apply: Person-
nel Director, Victoria Union Hospital, Prince Albert,
Sask.
UNITED STATES
REGISTERED NURSES - Southern California - Op-
portunities available - 368-bed modern hospital in
Medical-Surgical, lobar and Delivery, Nursery Oper-
ating Room and Intensive and Coronary Car'; Units.
900d . salary an
liberal fringe benefits. Continuing
Inservlce education program. Located 10 miles from
Los Angeles near skiing, swimming, cultural and edu-
cational facilities. Temporary living accommodations.
Apply: Director of Nursing Service, Saint Joseph
Hospital, Burbank, California 91503. 15-5-63
REGISTERED NURSES needed for rapidly expanding
general hospital an the beautiful Peninsula near
San Francisco. Outstanding policies and benefits
including generous sick leave and vacation accrual,
temporary accommodations at low cost, paid hos.
pital and maiar medical insurance, fully refundable
retirement plan, liberal shift differentials, no rot-
ation, exceptional in-service and orientation pro-
grams, sick leave conversion to vacation, paid life
insurance, tuition reimbursement. Salary range $598-
$727. Contact Personnel Administrator, Peninsula
Hospital, 1783 EI Camino Real, Burlingame, Califor-
nia 94010.
Registered Nurses, Career satisfaction, interest and
profes!tional growth unl imited in modern, JCAH ac-
credited 243-bed ha.pital. located in one of Califor-
nia's finest areas, recreational, educational and cul-
tural advantages are yours as well as wonderful
year-round climate. If this combination is what
you're looking for, contact us now!Staff nurse en-
trance salary $575.$600 per month; increases to
$700 per month; supervisory positions at highest
rates. Special area and shift differentials to $54. per
month. Excellent benefits include free health and
life insurance, retirement, credit union and liberal
personnel pol icies. Professional staff appointments
available in all clinical areas to those eligible for
California licensure. Write today: Director of Nursing,
Eden Hospital. 20103 lake Chabot Road, Castro Val-
ley, California. 15-5-12
REGISTERED NURSES Opportunities available at
415-bed hospital in Medical-Surgical, labor and
Delivery, Intensive Care, Operating Room and Psy-
chiatry. No rotation of shift, good salary, evening
and night differentials, liberal fringe benefits.
Temporary living accommodations available. Apply:
Miss Dolores Merrell, R.N., Personnel Director, Queen
of Angels Hospital, 2301 Bellevue Avenue, las
Angeles 26, California. 15-5-3G
REGISTERED NURSES - SAN FRANCISCO Children's
Hospital and Adult Medical Center hospital for men,
women and children. California registration reQuired.
Opportunities in all clinical areas. Excellent salaries,
differentials for evenings and nights. Holidays, vaca-
tions, sick leave, life insurance, health insurance and
employer-paid pension-plan. Applications and details
furnished on request. Contact Personnel Director, Chil.
dren's Hospital, 3700 California Street, San Francisco
18, California. 15-5.4
I I
UNITED STATES
REGISTERED NURSES - General Duty for 84-bed
JCAH hospital 1'1. hours from San Francisco, 2
hours from the Lake Tahoe. Starting salary $6OO/m.
with differentials. Apply: Director of Nurses Mem-
orial Hospital, Woodland, California. 1'5-5-498
REGISTERED NURSES: Mount Zion Hospital and Me-
dical <:;enter's increased salary scales now double our
attraction for nurses who find they can aHord to live
by the Golden Gate. Expansion has created vacancies
for staff and specialty assignments. Address enquiry
to: Personnel Department. 1600 Divisadero Street San
Francisco, California 94115. An equal apparíunity
employer. 15-5-4C
Staff Duty positions (Nurses) in private 403-bed
hospital. liberal personnel policies and salary. Sub.
stantial differential for evening and night duty.
Write: Personnel Director, Hospital of The Goad
Samaritan, 1212 Shatto Street, las Angeles 17,
Cal ifarnia. 15.5-3"
Nurs.s for new 75-bed General Hospital. Resort
area. Ideal climate. On beautiful Pacific ocean.
Apply to: Director of Nurses, South Coast Com-
munity Hospital,. South laguna, California. 15-5.50
DIRECTOR OF SCHOOL OF NURSING. Immediate re-
quirement for Director of 27 month diploma school
of nursing. N.L.N. accredited. 160-bed hospital lo-
cated at the foot of Pikes Peak. Masters degree
in nursing education required plus experience. So.
lory open with excellent fringe benefits. Send
resume' to include expected salary to Roy Pitt,
Personnel Director, Memorial Hospital, 1400 East
Boulder, Colorado Springs, Colorado, or telephone
collect 303-634-7761.
REGISTERED NURSES: for 75-bed air-conditioned
hospital, growing community. Starting salary $330
$365/m, fringe benefits, vacation, sick leave, holi-
days, life insurance, hospitalization. 1 meal furnish-
ed. Write: Administrator, Hendry General Hospital,
Clewiston, Florida. 15-10.1
R.N.'s Need.d - New 50.bed hospital. Salary
Range $500 to $530 plus shift differential, per
month. Blue Crass Blue Shield insurance, paid
vacation. On lake Okeechabee, 40 miles from
West Palm Beach. Write or call collect, Mn. Hilda
Jensen, Director of Nurses, Everglades Memorial
Hospital, P.Q. Box 659, Pahakee, Florida. phone
305 924.520 I.
REGISTERED NURSE FOR AMERICAN RED CROSS
8LOODMOBILE - Travel most of Montana, working
out of Great Falls. Salary range $475. - $550.;
excellent fringe benefits. Apply at once to: Ad-
ministrative Director, Montana Red Cross Blood
Center, Civic Center, Great Falls, Montana. Zip
Code 59401.
DIRECTOR OF NURSING SERVICE: Challenging growth
opportunity for imaginative, capable nuning service
administrator. Must have a graduate education and
experience to assume full responsibility in the ad-
ministration of all nursing services, development of
organization and initiation of programs. Excellent
salary and benefits as a part of top management
with the title of Assistant Administrator in charge of
Nursing Service. A 500.bed general, acute teaching
hospitol with 360 additional beds under construc-
tion. Located in progressive capital and university
city. Incumbent retiring after eleven successful
years in position. Please contact: Edgar O. Mans-
field, Dr. P.H., Administrator, Riverside Methodist
Hospital, 3535 Olentangy River Road, Columbus,
Ohio 43214.
STAFF NURSES: University of Washington. 320.bed
modern, expanding Teaching and Research Hospital
located on campus offers you an opportunity to
iain the staff in one of the fallowing specialties:
CI inical Research, Premature Center, Open Heart
Surgery, Physical Medicine, Orthopedics, Neurosurge.
ry, Adult and Child Psychiatry in addition to the
General Services. Salary $525 for newly graduate
nune. $560 within first six months to $640. Salary
commensurate with experience and education. Unique
benefit program includes free University courses after
six months. For 'nformation on opportunities, write
to: Mrs. Ruth Fine, Director of Nursing Services, Uni-
versity Hospital, 1959 N.E. Pacific Avenue, Seattle,
Washington 98105.
ASSOCtATE DtRECTOR: Masters degree in Nursing
required to take charge of Inservice Education.
Put your ideas into action. Excellent training
facilities. Backed by an education minded Admin-
istration. Good benefit program. Salary commen-
surate with experience. Write: Personnel Depart.
ment, St. Mary's Hospital, 2320 N. lake Drive,
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53211.
NOVEMBER 1967
...
EL CAMINO
HOSPITAL
Registered Nurses -
All Services
Sfarting sa lory for
Experienced
Registered Nurses
$550 per monfh
448-bed fully-occred-
ited general hospi-
tal located 40 min-
utes south of
downtown San
Francisco
Ample opporfunity
for professianal
developmenf as
there are two col-
leges and two uni-
versifies in the
immediate vicinity
Excellent recreational
facilifies in clase
proximify to fhe
hospital
.
LOCATED IN BEAUTIFUL SANTA CLARA VALLEY
YEAR 'ROUND SMOG-FREE TEMPERATE CLIMATE
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Benefits Include:
Pia nned orienfation
program
Continuing in-service
educafion
Two to four weeks
vacation
Eight paid holidays
Accumulative sick
leave.
Free group life
insure nee
0\
Fully paid health in-
surance including
family coverage
Fully paid retiremenf
program
liberal shift
differenfial
40-hour week
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Apply to:
PERSONNEL DIRECTOR
EI Camino Hospital
2500 Grant Road
Mountain View, California 94040
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Sf. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
TORONTO, ONTARIO
REGISTERED NURSES
and
REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS
700-bed fully accredifed hospifal provides
experience in Operating Roam, Recovery
Roam, Infensive Care Unif, Pediafrics
Orthopedics, Psychiatry, General Surgery
and Medicine.
Orienfation and Acfive Inservice program
for all staff.
Salary is commensurafe wifh preparation
and experience.
Benefifs include Canada Pension Plan,
Hospifal Pension Plan, Group Life Insu-
rance. After 3 monfhs, cumulafive sick
leave - Ontario Hospital Insurance -
50% payment by hospital.
Rotating Periods of duty - 40 hour week,
8 sfatutory holidays - annuol vacation
3 weeks after one year.
Apply:
Assistant Director of
Nursing Service
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
30 The Queensway
Toronto 3, Ontario
NOVEMBER 1967
Registered Nurses
&
Certified Nursing
Assistants
North Shore of Lake Athabaska
Modern 30-bed general hospital
located in young active mining
community.
Salary: R.N. $414. - $529.
CN.A. $239.80 - $370.97
Attractive nurses' residence
available. Room & Board at $45
monthly.
Superior employee benefits.
Air transportation paid from Ed-
monton or Prince Albert.
Please send inquiries to the:
Director 0 Nursing
THE MUNICIPAL HOSPITAL
URANIUM CITY.
Saskatchewan
REGISTERED NURSES
REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS
'or
GENERAL DUTY
In modern fully accredited 300-
bed hospital located in a thriv-
ing industrial city. Excellent
working conditions, 9 statutory
holidays, 3 weeks annual vaca-
tion, 40 hour week.
Apply gIVIng 'ull particulars to:
Personnel Director
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Sault Ste. Marie
Ontario
THE CANADIAN NURSE 65
UNITED STATES
REGI
TERED NURSES: Excellent opportunity for ad-
vancement in atmosphere of medical excellence. Pro-
gressive patient care including Intensive Care and
Cardiac Care Unit.. Finely equipped growing 200-bed
suburban community hospital on Chicago's beautiful
North Shore. Modern, furni.hed apartment. are
available for single professional Women. Other
fringe benefits include paid vacation after six
months, paid life insurance, 50% tuition refund and
.taff development program. Sclary range from $550-
$660 per month plu. .hift differential. Contact:
Donald l. Thomp.on, R.N., Director of Nur.ing,
Highland Park Ho.pital, Highland Park, lIIinoi.
60035. 15-14-3C
Regist.red Nurses and Certified Nursing Assistants.
Opening in several areas, all shifts. Every other week-
end off. in .mall community ho.pital 2 mile. from
Boston. Rooms available. Hospital paid life insurance
and other liberal fringe benefit.. RN salary $100 per
week, plu. differential of $20 for 3-11 p.m. and
11-7 a.m. .hift.. CoN. Ass't.. $80 weekly plu. $10 for
3-11 p.m. and 11-7 a.m. .hifts. Mu.t read, write,
and speak English. Write: Miss Byrne, Director of
Nur.es, Chelsea Memorial Ho.pital, Chelsea, Ma.-
.achu.etts 02150. 15-22-1 C
I I
UNITED STATES
R.gi.t.red Nurs.., modern 280-bed teaching hospital
University City. 45 min.. from NYC & Phil. Po.itions
available in Med. . Surg. Units, Intensive Care,
Obstetric. - New Born N.y. Hospital fully accredited
AMA. Approved programs for interns and residents.
Paid hospitalization, tuition plan, 3-wks. Paid vaca
tion, alternate week-ends off. Continuing education
programs for staff. Housing available. Assistance
given in obtaining N.J. licensure. Must be high
school graduate. Apply: Personnel Department, Mid.
dlesex General Hospital, New Brunswick, New
Jer.ey 08901.
SEATTLE Gen.ral Duty Nur.... Salary, experienced,
days $560-$610. New gradyates $525 to .tart. $35
differential on evening and night shift. Excellent
benefit.. 230-bed regional referral General Ho.pital
with intensive care and coronary units. Postgradu-
ate classes available at two universities. Extensive
intern and resident teaching program. Hospital 10.
cated adiacent to Northwest's largest private cI inic.
Free housing first month. Canadian trained nurses
with psychiatric affiliation. Please write Personnel
Director, Virginia Ma.on Ho.pital, 1111 Terry Ave-
nue, Seattle, Washington 98101.
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NIGHT NURSE
University Hospital is pleased fa annaunce that starting poy for nighf
nurses naw ra nges from $31.00 to $34.00 per shift ($8,056 to $8,839
for an annual .tarting .alary
epending On educafian and experience.
After .4 years service, night nUrse salaries range up to $9,622
per year. The base pay far permanent evening and ratating taurs
has olsa been increased plus excellent University Sfaff benefits ere
affered ta all nUrses.
Universify Haspital has 0 Service Deperfment which assigns trained
personnel to handle paperwork and ather non-nursing chores,
relieving aUr nurses fer potient cere exclusively.
Ann Arbor is nafianally known a. a Center of Culture with emphasis
on ort, music and drama-ond recagnized as an excifing and desirable
community in which fo live.
Wrife to Mr. William Eafon, Persannel Administrafor, Box B,
A60OI, University Haspital, University of Michigan far
mare informatian or phone collect (313) 764-2182.
We are an Equal Opporfunify Employer
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
MEDICAL CENTER, ANN ARBOR
66 THE CANADIAN NURSE
POSITIONS ARE AVAILABLE
for
REGISTERED NURSES
with special interest in medical
nursing and rehabilitation of
long term patients.
Salaries recommended by the
Registered Nurses'
Association of Ontario
Inservice educational program-
me developed and
expanding
Residence accommodation avail-
able at a very mod-
erate rate
Transportation advanced, if re-
quested
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
THE QUEEN ELIZABETH HOSPITAL
130 Dunn Avenue
Toronto 3r Onto
OSHA W A
GENERAL HOSPITAL
GENERAL DUTY NURSES FOR
ALL DEPARTMENTS
Starting salary for Ontario Regis-
tered nurses $400 with 5 annual
increments to $480 per month.
Credit for acceptable previous
service - one increase for two
years, two increases for four or
more years.
Non-registered - $360.00
Rotating periods of duty - 3
weeks vacation - 8 statutory
holidays.
One day's sick credit per month
beginning in the 7th month of
service cumulative to 45 days.
Pension Plan and Group life
Insurance - Hospital pays 50%
of Medical, Blue Cross and Hos-
pital Insurance premiums.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
OSHA W A GENERAL HOSPIT At
Oshawa, Ontario
NOVEMBER 1967
. REGISTERED NURSES
are cOrdially invited fa
invesfigafe fhe ma ny
challenging appartunifies
On the perma nent sfaff of
MONTEFIORE HOSPITAL
& MEDICAL CENTER.
. MONTE FIORE HOSPITAL
one of fhe largesf valunfary
hospitals in fhe U.S.A., has
a dynamic and progressive
nursing deparfment.
. Applicatians from MALE
NURSES are also invifed.
NEW YORK CITY U.S.A.
TORONTO
INTERVIEWS
NOV. 10-25. 1967
. VISA AND LICENSURE: Complete assistance in Canada
and U.S.A. You furnish the details and we do the process-
ing.
. TRANSPORTATION: Camplefely paid.
. SALARY & ADVANCEMENT: High starfing salary with fwo
guaranfeed increments during fhe firsf year.
. SHIFT DIFFERENTIAL SALARY BONUS: $125-150/month ad-
ditional salary far evening and nighf shifts.
. WORK WEEK: 383/4 hour work week.
. HOUSING: Luxury, furnished flafs at very law cost.
. UNIFORMS: Annual uniform allowance; free laundry ser-
vice.
. VACATIONS: 4 weeks annually.
. HOLIDAYS: II additional paid halidays.
. SICK LEAVE: 10 days annually.
. INSURANCE: Free medical plan and life insurance.
. SOCIAL ACTIVITIES: Planned pragrammes, including fhea-
fre, culfural activities, dances, parties, bowling, glee club,
horseback riding, and many others.
. Our DIRECTOR OF
NURSING will conduct
persanal interviews
and will make firm
offers fo qualified
nurses.
. To schedule on
interview, pleose send
brief details of your
training and experience
fa:
Mr. B. W. Harris
11 E. 36 St.
New York, N.Y. 10016
U.S.A.
Telephone:
(212) 889.S8OO
MONTEFIORE HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL CENTER
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Applications are invited lor the position 01
-
-
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
by April 1 sl 1968
at
TRENTON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
TRENTON, ONT.
THE SCARBOROUGH
GENERAL HOSPITAL
This position carries responsibility for the co-ordin-
ation of all facets of nursing activity within this
l50-bed acute treatment hospital and plans for 46
chronic bed extension within one year.
Invifes applicafions from General Duty Nurses. Excellenf personnel
policies. An acfive ond sfimulating In-Service Educafion and
Orientation Progromme. A modern Manogemenf Troining Pro.
gromme to assist the coreer-minded nUrse 10 assume monagerial
positions. Solory is commensurafe with experience and abilify. We
encourage you to take advantage of the opporfunilies affered in
this new and expanding teaching hospifal wifh ifs extended ser-
vices in Paediafrics, Orthopaedics, Psychiatry, Cardiology, Plastic
Surgery, Operafing Room, Emergency, ond Intravenous Therapy.
Applicants should have a degree in nursing service
administration as well as experience on applicable
level.
Applications, Or requests lor additional inlormation
should be addressed to:
For lurther inlormation write to:
Director of Nursing
Scarborough Ceneral Hospital
Scarborough
Metropolitan Toronto, Ontario
H. F. NAUDETT, Administrator
TRENTON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
Trenton, Ontario
NOVEMBER 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 67
THE HOSPITAL
FOR
SICK CHILDREN
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OFFERS:
I. Satisfying experience.
2. Stimulating and friendly en-
vironment.
3. Orientation and In-Service
Education Program.
4. Sound Personnel Policies
5. Liberal vacation.
APPLICATIONS FOR REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS INVITED.
For detailed information
please write to:
The Assistant Director
of Nursing
AUXILIARY STAFF
555 University Avenue
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
68 THE CANADIAN NURSE
HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
HOSPITAL -
Newly expanded 350-bed hospital. Progressive patient care con-
cept.
SALARY -
General Staff Nurses (Currently Registered in Ontario) $400.00 -
$480. - 5-increments.
Registered Nursing Assistants (Currently Registered in Ontario)
$295.00 - $331.00, - 3 increments.
HOUSING -
Furnished apartments available at subsidized rates.
JOB SATISFACTION-
High quality patient care and friendly working environment. We
appreciate our personnel and encourage their professional develop-
.ment.
You are invited to enquire concerning employment opportunities to:
Director of Nursing
HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
200 Church Street, Weston, Ontario
Telephone 249-8111 (Toronto)
CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL
Requires
Registered General Duty Nurses
AND
Certified Nursing Aides
(Registered Nursing Assistants)
This is a modern, 1,000-bed hospital including a new 200-bed conval-
escent-rehabilitation section.
Benefits include pension plan, sick leave, plus a liberal vacation policy.
REGISTERED NURSES SALARY: 1967 $380 - 450
1968 $405 - 485
with recognition for experience and post-graduate preparation.
CERTIFIED NURSING AIDES SALARY: $260 - 300 plus shift differential for
evening and night duty.
Apply to:
Personnel Assistant
CALCARY CENERAL HOSPITAL
841 Centre Avenue East, Calgary, Alberta
NOVEMBER 1967
What does
Methodist Hospital
have to offer me?
At the Methodist Hospital, where research is a part
of progress, a nursing career takes on new horizons -
rich in meaning and professional satisfaction.
If you're looking for the chance to be the nurse
you've always dreamed of - coming to the world
famous Methodist Hospital can be an adventure -
almost like stepping into the future - splendid
facilities, So much advance equipment and
everywhere the newest medical and patient care
techniques are in use.
Some of the best aspects of nursing at METHODIST
are as old as medicine itself - there is a spirit of
kindness and consideration, and emphasis on patient
care, that make this a hospital where nursing is
satisfying and rewarding, day by day.
Methodist Hospitat is right in the center of the world's
great Medical, Research and Educational complexes.
HOUSTON is an exciting city - rodeo and opera,
pro-football and the famous Alley Theatre, water sports
and beaches an hour or less away, the Houston
Symphony and the Astrodome!
A Few Quick Facts: We're affiliated with Baylor
University College of Medicine and associated with
Texas Woman's University College of Nursing.
New $9\12 million Cardiovascular and Orthopedic
Research Center will open soon. Our Inservice
Education Department gives you thorough
orientation, and continued instruction in new
concepts and techniques. You'll find every
encouragement to broaden your skills,
including tuition assistance in obtaining
turther education in nursing.
Send for Your Colorful Informative Illustrated
Brochure. . . to learn about Methodist Hospital,
Houston, positions available, salary and employment
benefits, tuition allowance, complimentary room
accommodation and our Nurse Specialist Programs.
Write, call or send coupon, Director of Personnel,
The Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center,
Houston, Texas 77025
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I Director of Personnel, THE METHODIST HOSPITAL, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77025 I
I Please send me your brochure about nursing opportunities at THE METHODIST HOSPITAL-Texas Medical Center I
I I
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HOSPITAL:
A newly exponded 257 bed hospitol with such progressive
care cOncepts os a 12-bed I.C.U., 22-bed psychiafric and
24-bed self core unit.
IDEAL lOCATION:
45 minufes from downtown Toronto, 15-30 minufes from ex-
cellent summer and winter resort areas.
SALARIES:
Regisfered Nurses: $400.00 - $480.00 per mOnth.
Registered Nursing Assisfants: $295.00 - $331.00 per month.
FURNISHED APARTMENTS:
Swimming pool, tennis courts, etc. (see above)
OTHER BENEFITS:
Medical and hospital insurance, group life insurance, pension
plan, 40 hour week.
Please address 01/ enquiries to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL
596 Davis Drive
Newmarket, Ontario
NOVEMBER 1967
MAIMONIDES HOSPITAL
AND HOME FOR THE AGED
AN OPPORTUNITY....
A CHALLENGE....
A NEW EXPERIENCE....
SUPERVISORS, STAFF NURSES, NURSING
ASSISTANTS, INSTRUaORS, PSYCHIATRIC
NURSE:
We invite you to join the nursing staH of New Mai.
monides.
LIBERAL VACATION
PENSION PLANS .
MENSURA TE WITH
HEALTH AND
SALARIES COM-
RECOGNIZED SCALES
Apply to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
5795 Caldwell Avenue
Montreal 29, Quebec
THE CANADIAN NURSE 69
nurses
who want to
nurse
At York Central you can join
an active, interested group of
nurses who want the chance to
nurse in its broadest sense. Our
I 26-bed, fully accredited hospi-
tal is young, and already talking
expansion. Nursing is a profes-
sion we respect and we were the
first to plan and develop a unique
nursing audit system; new mem-
bers of our nursing staff do not
necessarily start at the base salary
of $400 per month but get added
pay for previous years of work.
There are opportunities for gain-
ing wide experience, for getting
to know patients as well as staff.
Situated in Richmond Hill, all
the cultural and entertainment fa-
cilities of Metropolitan Toronto
are available a few miles to the
South. " and the winter and
summer holiday and week-end
pleasures of Ontario are easily
accessible to the North. If you
are really interested in nursing.
you are needed and will be made
welcome.
Apply in person or b
mail to the
Director of Nursing.
YORK
CENTRAL
HOSPITAJ
RICHMOND HILL,
O;-.iTARIO
NEW STAFF RESIDENCE
70 THE CANADIAN NURSE
UNIVERSITY OF ALBERT A
SCHOOL OF NURSING
Invites applications for Faculty
Appointments in:
-PSYCHIATRIC
NURSING
-MEDICAL-SURGICAL
NURSING
-OBSTETRICAL
NURSING
in the four-year basic degree program.
Effective date of emplayment July, 1968.
Salaries in accard with University af AI-
berfa salary schedule and commensurate
with qualifications ond experience. Mas-
ter's degree ar higher preferred.
APPLY TO:
Ruth E. McClure, Director
SCHOOL OF NURSING
UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA
Edmonton, Alberta
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR
OF NURSING
Applications are invited for the
above position in a fully ac-
credited 163-bed General Hos-
pital in beautiful Northern On-
tario.
Desirable qualifications should
include B.S.N. Degree with ex-
perience in supervision.
For further information,
Write to:
Director of Nursing
KIRKLAND and DISTRICT HOSPITAL
Kirkland Lake, Ontario.
SUNNYBROOK
HOSPITAL
REGISTERED NURSES
General Duty Nurses on rotating
shifts are needed as part of the
re-organization of Sunnybrook as
a university teaching hospital.
Employment in our Nursing Ser-
vices Department includes:
Metro Toronto Salary Scale
Accommodation at reduced
rates. Full range of fringe
benefits
Three weeks vacation after
1 year
Good location
subway on
grounds.
bus from
to hospital
For additional information,
please write:
Director of Personnel
and Public Relations,
SUNNYBROOK HOSPITAL
2075 Bayview Avenue
Toronto 12, Ontario
NOVEMBER 1967
SCARBOROUGH CENTENARY HOSPITAL
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Invites Applications For:
CENERAL STAFF R.N.
CENERAL STAFF R.N.A.
This modern 525-bed hospitol is fully equipped with the latest
facilities to assist personnel in patient care and embraces fhe most
modern concepfs of team nursing. Excellent personnel policies are
available. Progressive staff and management development programs
offer fhe maximum opportunifies for those who are interested.
Salary is commensurafe wifh experience and ability.
For further information, please direct your enquiries to:
Personnel Department
SCARBOROUGH CENTENARY HOSPITAL
2867 Ellesmere Rd., Scarborough, Ontario
GOVERNMENT OF THE YUKON TERRITORY
Registered Nurses required for positions at Mayo
General Hospjfal (16 beds) and Sf. Mary's Hospital
(10 beds), Dawson City, Yukon Territory.
Commencing salary $462.67 per month. Residence
rates $50.00 per month full room and board.
Economy air fare will be paid from Toronto or
intermediate points.
Application forms and personnel policies in
effect may be obtained from:
The Commissioner
GOVERNMENT OF THE YUKON TERRITORY
P. O. Box 2703
Whitehorse, Yukon Territory
NOVEMBER 1967
. Are you dissafisfied wifh your position?
. Would you like a change?
. Would you like to meet new people?
THIS
. Would you like to increase your nUrs-
ing skills?
15-SECOND TEST
. Would you like fo work where
there is an active research pro-
gram?
COULD
. Are you adaptable?
. Do you enjoy winfer and summer
sports?
CHANGE
. Do you crave mOre cultural advan-
tages?
YOUR
. Is your life a little boring right nOw?
. Do you sense excifemenf in a change?
FUTURE
If your answer is YES you will like work-
ing af this 1087 bed 1eaching hospital.
Apply in wrifing fO:
Miss B. Jean Milligan. Reg. N.. M.A.,
Assistant Director,
Ottawa Civic Hospital,
1053 Carling Ave., Ottawa 3, Onto
NORTHERN ONTARIO
REGIONAL SCHOOL OF NURSING
Applications are invited from teachers interested in
developing two-plus-one diploma programme in this
new school. First class of 30 students September
1968. New Building being erected.
QUALIFICATIONS: B.Se.N. or
Diploma in Nursing Education or
Public Health Nursing
Excellent Salary and personnel policies.
located near good golfing, hunting, fishing, boat-
ing, skiing, and all other winter sports.
Apply to:
The Director
NORTHERN ONTARIO REGIONAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
cJ 0 Kirkland and District Hospital
Kirkland Lake, Ontario
THE CANADIAN NURSE 71
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Applications are invited from
REGISTERED NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS
For full time, 40 hour week, Rotation Duty.
One Weekend off Duty every three weeks.
Vacancies in Medical, Surgical, Obstetric,
Paediatric, Operating Room, Intensive Care
and Emergency Unit. Active Inservice and
Orientation programs as well as excellent
personnel policies and fringe benefits.
Director of Nursing
TORONTO EAST GENERAL
AND ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL
Toronto 13, Ontario
NURSES
EXECUTIVE AND GENERAL DUTY STAFF
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Victoria Hospital - London, Ontario
OPPORTUNITIES
Unlimifed challenge to progress wifhin a modern, 1,000 bed teach-
ing hospital, affiliated wifh The University of Western Ontario,
(situofed in fhe heart of Southwestern Onfario.) Wide choice of
specialties includes:-
MEDICINE
OBSTETRICS
OPERATING ROOM
INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
DIALYSIS UNIT
SURGERY
PAEDIATRICS
RECOVERY ROOM
CORONARY CARE UNIT
PSYCHIATRY
BENEFITS
-Top salaries and personnel policies
--4()"hour work week
-28 days vacation, executive nursing personnel
-21 days vacation, general duty staH
-IB days sick leave
FOR FURTHER DETAILS WRITE TO:
Director of Nursing
VICTORIA HOSPITAL
London - Or tario
72 THE CANADIAN NURSE
-
GENERAL STAFF NURSES
required lor
RECINA CENERAL HOSPITAL
openings in all departments
including new Intensive Care Unit
STARTING SALARY $401
Recognition Given For Experience
Progressive Personnel Policies
Apply:
Personnel Department
REGINA GENERAL HOSPITAL
Regina, Saskatchewan
I
NEED
YOU
- ....
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-
TO CARE FOR ME AT
U.S. PHS ALASKA NATIVE HOSPITALS
WANTED: PROFESSIONAL NURSES FOR
CIVIL SERVICE POSITIONS
EXCELLENT SALARIES
PROMOTIONAL OPPORTUNITIES
TRAVEL
CIVIL SERVICE BENEFITS
NEW EXPERIENCES
For Details W rite To:
AREA PERSONNEL OFFICER
U.S. PHS ALASKA NATIVE HEALTH AREA OFFICE
BOX 7-741
ANCHORAGE, ALASKA
EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER
NOVEMBER 196:
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THE UNIVERSITY OF
ALBERTA HOSPITAL
is accepting applications from
Registered Nurse Candidates for
a 6 month course in Operating
Room Technique and Manage-
ment.
The class will commence March
4, 1968.
For further information apply to :
The Director of Nursing
THE UNIVERSITY OF
ALBERTA HOSPITAL
Edmonton, Alberta.
HEAD NURSE
Obstetrical Department
To be responsible for the opera-
tion of a 39-bed unit in this
modern hospital. Consideration
given to post graduate prepara-
tion and/or experience.
Residence accommodation in
private rooms at $20.00 per
month. Salary to be negotiated.
Personnel policies and fringe
benefits excellent.
Please apply to:
Miss L. M. R. Lambe,
Director of Nursing
WELLAND COUNTY GENERAL
HOSPITAL
Weiland, Ontario
NOVEMBER 1967
BELLEVILLE
GENERAL
HOSPITAL
Located in Ontario's Summer Resort
Area with easy access by rail or
Road to major cities and U.S.A.
OPERATINC ROOM SUPERVISOR
A new hospital being completed this year will increase the existing
bed capacity to 450. An operating room complex incorporating auto-
mated systems for equipment and material supply will lead the way in
modern hospital operation.
SALARY: Commensurate with preparation and experience with annual
merit increments. Excellent personnel policies. Generous vacation allow-
ance and sick beneits.
CONTACT:
Director of Nursing Service
BELLEVILLE CENERAL HOSPITAL
Belleville, Ontario
LAKEHEAD REGIONAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
PORT ARTHUR, ONTARIO
4
FOOTHILLS HOSPITAL
requires
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llIlIlø.'
CALGARY, ALBERTA
TEACHERS
REGISTERED NURSES
QUALIFICATONS - Bachelor's
Degree with experience prefer-
red.
Proximity of new School building
to Lakehead University offers
opportunity for further study.
A challenge for teachers inter-
ested in the planning and de-
velopment of a new program.
The first class of students will
be enrolled in September 1968.
Applications are invited for po-
sitions in Nursing Education and
Nursing Service in a 766-bed
acute general hospital opened
in June, 1966.
Experience is available in all
major services.
Apply:
Additional information and
application forms may be obtained
by contacting:
Director
LAKEHEAD REGIONAL SCHOOL
OF NURSING
cj 0 The General Hospital of
Port Arthur
Port Arthur, Ontario
Personnel Department
FOOTHILLS HOSPITAL
Calgary. Alberta
THE CANADIAN NURSE 73
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
Required for 35-bed modern acute hospi-
fal, locafe in Soufhern B.C. Formol troin-
ing ond experience in nursing odminisfro-
tion preferred. Suife ovoiloble in modern
residence. Salory to be nego1ioted. Formal
dufies to storf Jonuory 1st, 196B, but
would prefer suifoble appliconf fo sfort
prior fO this dafe.
Apply to:
Administrator
BOUNDARY HOSPITAL
Grand Forks
British Columbia
SUPERVISOR OF NURSING
required by
QUEENS GENERAL HOSPITAL
LIVERPOOL, NOVA SCOTIA
(55-bed capocity)
II is preferred thof fhe appliconf hove a
diplomo ond experience in nursing service
adminisfrotion.
Salary commensurafe wifh quolificofions
ond experience.
For lurther particulars apply to:
Superintendent
QUEENS GENERAL HOSPITAL
Liverpool, Nova Scotia
SCHOOL OF NURSING
ST. THOMAS.ELGIN GENERAL HOSPITAL
Requires
CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR (Medical)
Annual enrollment of 50 sfudenfs.
B.Sc.N. preferred. University Diplomo oc-
cepfable. Solory commensurate wifh qua-
lificafions ond experience.
Apply:
Director of Nursing
ST. THOMAS-ELGN
GENERAL HOSPITAL
St. Thomas, Onto
74 THE CANADIAN NURSE
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR OF NURSING
required lor
BAYCREST CENTER FOR
GERIATRIC CARE
BAYCREST HOSPITAL - 200-beds
Accredited Chronic Diseose and Rehab.
Hospifol
Minimum of 3 yeors experience. Prefer-
ence given fo B.Sc.N. Appliconfs wifh
Post-bosic educotion, i.e., diplomo course,
efc., considered. Ability to direct ond
conducf In-Service-Educofion essenfial.
Apply giving luft details:
Director of Nursing
BAYCREST HOSPITAL
3560 Bathurst St.,
Toronto 19, Ontario
CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR
FOR OPERATING
ROOM
required by
ROYAL COLUMBIAN
HOSPITAL
School of Nursing
New Westminster
British Columbia
For lurther inlormation contact:
Director of Nursing
KELOWNA GENERAL HOSPITAL
OKANAGAN VALLEY, B. C.
VACANCY OPEN
FOR NURSING OFFICE
NURSING SERVICE
SUPERVISOR
Preporotion and experience in nursing
service odministration required, degree
preferred.
Applications and enquiries to:
Director of Nursing
KELOWNA GENERAL HOSPITAL
2268 Pandosy Street
Kelowna, B.C.
HOTEL DIEU HOSPITAL
Kingston, Ontario
A Poslgroduafe Course in Operafing
Room Technique and Manogemenf is now
availoble at this Hospilol. The nexf closs
of six monfhs durotion will be admilled
Moy !sf, 1968.
For lurther inlormation and details,
write to:
Director of Nursing Servkc!
HOTEL DIEU HOSPITAL
Kingston, Ontario
RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL
OF OTTAWA
A new, oir-conditioned 340-bed hospifol.
Applicotions ore coiled for Nurses for the
positions of:
ASSISTANT HEAD NURSES,
GENERAL STAFF NURSES
and
REGISTERED NURSING
ASSIST ANTS
Address aft enquiries to:
Director of Nursing
RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL
OF OTTAWA
1967 Riverside Drive,
Ottawa, Ontario
NORQUA Y .CANORA
UNION HOSpn AL
invites applications lor two
GENERAL STAFF POSITIONS
This is 0 15-bed fully modern hospitol
locoted in fhe beoutiful parklond oreo
of Saskafchewan. Salory commences 01
$365.00 per monfh wifh odjusfmenf for
experience ond exfro Iroining. Living
occommodofions in residence of $20.00
per monfh. Transportofion cosfs will be
advanced.
For lurther policies write to:
Mrs. J. M. Keast
Director of Nursing Services
Canora Union Hospital
Canora, Sask.
NOVEMBER 1967
WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL
Requires
GENERAL STAFF NURSES
All Departments
Apply:
Director of Nursing
WOODSTOCK GENERAL
HOSPITAL
Woodstock, Ontario
I
McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL
requires
Registered Nurses for Generol Staff. The
hospifol is friendly ond progressive.
It is now in the beginning sfages of 0
$3,500,000 progrom of exponsion ond
renovofion.
- Openings in 011 services.
- Proximity to Lokeheod University
ensures opporfunify for furfhering
education.
For full particulars write to:
Director
of Nursing Service
McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL,
Fort William, Ontario.
REGISTERED NURSES
For new l00-bed Generol Hospitol in fhe
beginning stoges of on exponsion pro-
grom, locoted on the beoutiful Loke of the
Woods. Three hours' trovel fime from
Winnipeg with good fronsportofion ovail-
oble. Wide voriety of summer ond win-
fer sports - swimming, booting, fishing,
golfing, skofing, curling, toboggoning,
skiing.
Solory: $415 with allowonce for experi-
ence. Residence ovoilable. Good per-
sonnel policies.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
KENORA GENERAL HOSPITAL
Kenora, Ontario
NOVEMBER 1967
PORT COLBORNE
GENERAL HOSPITAL
PORT COLBORNE, ONTARIO
STAFF NURSES
required
For 166-bed hospitol within eosy driving
disfonce of Americon ond Conodion me-
fropolitan cenfres. Considerafion given for
previous experience obfoined in Canodo.
Completely furnished oporfment-style resi-
dence, including balcony ond swimming
pool focing loke, odjocent to hospitol.
Apply:
Director of Nursing
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Port Colborne,Ontario
REGISTERED NURSES
Qualified or Interested in Qualifying for
Employment in Intensive Cardiac Care Unit
GENERAL STAFF NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING
ASSISTANTS
Modern 395-bed, fully occredited Generol
Hospitol with School of Nursing.
Excellent personnel policies, O.H.A. pen-
sion pion.
Pleosont, progressive, industriol cify of
23,000.
Apply:
Personnel Officer
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN
GENERAL HOSPITAL
St. Thomas, Ontario
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
LONDON, ONTARIO
Teoching Hospitol, 600 beds, new facilities
requires:
REGISTERED NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS
For further information apply:
The Director of Nursing
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
London, Ontario
REGISTERED NURSES
required by
Wascana Hospital
REGINA, SASK.
Solary: Incremenfs gronted for experi-
ence.
Dufies: For general duty nursing in this
300-bed hospital specializing in pro-
grams for chronic diseases and physical
medicine.
Apply:
SASKATCHEWAN PUBLIC
SERVICE COMMISSION
Legislative Building
Regina, Saskatchewan
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
EDUCATION
Moster's degree preferred; fo conducf
bosic nursing program ond affjliote pro-
grom.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing,
CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL
OF WINNIPEG,
Winnipeg, Manitoba.
MEDICINE HAT
GENERAL HOSPITAL
MEDICINE HAT, ALBERTA
STAFF NURSES
Currenf Recommended
Solory Scoles
Apply:
Director of Nursing
or any
CANADA MANPOWER CENTRE
THE CANADIAN NURSE 75
REGISTERED NURSES
required for
B2-bed hospifal. Sifuafed in the Niogoro
Penmsulo. Tronsportotion assistonce.
For salory rofes ond personnel policies,
apply to:
Director of Nursing
HALDIMAND WAR MEMORIAL
HOSPITAL
Dunnville, Ontario
222 BID GENERAL HOSPITAL
requires
STAFF NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS
Cornwoll is nofed for its summer ond
winter sport oreos, and is on hour ond 0
holf from both Montreol ond Ottawo.
Progressive personnel policies include 4
weeks vocofion. Experience and post-bosic
cerfificofes are recognized.
Apply to:
Ass't. Director of Nursing
(Service)
CORNWALL GENERAL HOSPITAL
Cornwall, Ontario
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR
OF NURSING SERVICE
Applications ore invifed for the posifion
of Assistonf Direcfor of Nursing Service
for 0 291-bed fully occredited Generol
Hospitol.
Preference will be given to oppliconts
wifh preparotion ond experience in nurs-
ing service adminisfrotion.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing Service
THE GENERAL HOSPITAL
OF PORT ARTHUR
Port Arthur, Ontario
76 THE CANADIAN NURSE
REGISTERED NURSES
AND
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS
For 300 bed Accredifed Generol Hospitol
situated in the picturesque Grond River
Volley. 6() miles from Toronfo.
Modern well-equipped hospital providing
quolity nursing core.
Excellent personnel policies.
For further information write:
Director of Nursing Service
SOUTH WATERLOO MEMORIAL
HOSPITAL,
Galt, Ontario
A REGISTERED NURSE
BILINGUAL
Required for a Supervisory Position in 0
modern BO-bed hospifol expanding to
150 beds. Locofed in the Easfern T own-
ships, on ollrocfive, dynomic community
50 miles soufh of Monfreol. Postgroduofe
troining in Supervision an osset. Solory
in occordonce with Quebec Hospifal In-
surance Service.
Write to:
Director of Nursing
BROME-MISSISQUOI-PERKINS
HOSPITAL
Cowansville, Quebec
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC HOSPITAL
School of Nursing requires
INSTRUCTRESS (Nursing Arts)
INSTRUCTRESS (Medical-Surgical Area)
New self-contoined educotion building for
school of nursing now open.
Trent University is sifuoted in Peferborough
For further information write to:
Director of Nursing
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC
HOSPITAL
Peterborough, Ontario
HAMMERSMITH HOSPITAL
AND THE
ROYAL POSTGRADUATE
MEDICAL SCHOOL
Du Cane Road, Landon, W.12, England
THEATRE STAFF NURSES
IF YOU ARE A TRAINED NURSE VISITING
LONDON TO FURTHER YOUR EXPERIENCE
IN NURSING
you are invited to join the staff of ,he
above General Postgraduate Teaching Hes.
pital af 712 beds, where a six manth's
course in advanced techniques in general
and specialist surgery is affered ta STAFF
NURSES wha have had previaus past-regis-
tration theatre experience. This course would
be eminently suitable for Staff Nurses aim-
ing at promotion.
Previous experience as D qualified nurse
may be taken into Dccount in determining
the commencing salary within the scale of
1:690 ta 1:850 per annum, plus 1:75 Landan
Allowance if non-resident. Pos's may be
resident or non-resident.
The Hospital is situated close to many
places of interest in London.
Further details may be obtained from Miss
M. F. Fraser Gamble, Matron.
BE THE NURSE OF TOMORROW TODAY!
ON BEAUTIFUL GALVESTON ISLAND
THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS
HOSPITALS
AT GALVESTON, TEXAS
A planned pre-Service Education Program
A Continuation Education Program
Unit Management System Operating in all
Haspltals
A Clinical Area Supervisor of In-Service
Education for 08 and Medicine areas.
Liberal Personnel Policies.
STAFF NURSE SALARIES
$514-$650, based an backgraund af experi-
ence and educatian. $60 differential far
nigths ar twa-shift ratatian. $90 differen-
tial for evenings or three-shift rotation.
Positions in Psychiatry, Pediatrics, OB-Gyn
Medicine, Surgery, Operating Room, Recovery
Raam and Clinical Study Center.
Write to:
DIRECTOR OF RECRUITMENT
UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS
HOSPITALS
Galvesfan, Texas 77550 I
WE ARE AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY
EMPLOYER
CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS
required
with preporofion and experience. Eligible
for B. C. Regisfrotion. Medicol, Surgicol
ond Poediofric oreas.
Sfudent enrollment - 200
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
Victoria, B. C.
NOVEMBER 1967
......
OPERATING ROOM
SUPERVISOR
':
Postgraduate trained.
For 61-bed well-equipped
hospital.
Apply:
Administrator
WILLETT HOSPITAL
Paris, Ontario
RED DEER JUNIOR COLLEGE
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
EDUCA nON
AND
INSTRUCTORS IN NURSING
DtRECTOR This position will require 0
person with 0 degree in nursing education
to be responsible under the dean's direction
for the organization and operation of D
two-year programme of nursing education.
Experience with current programmes of
nurses' training desirable. Duties will begin
in January, 1968 or earlier, if possible.
INSTRUCTORS A degree in nursing is
desirable for these positions. The applicant
should be capable of giving instruction in
the practicel aspects of nursing education
ond should be competent to toke charge
of D group of students during ,heir clinical
experience in the hospitals.
Persons interested may write for further
details and for Dpplication forms to:
G. H. DAWE
Supe,intendent of Schools
RED DEER PUBLIC SCHOOL
DISTRICT No. 104
4747.53 Street, Red Deer, Alberto
DIRECTOR
SCHOOL OF NURSING
Applicotipns are invited for the obove
position in on ultro-modern School of
Nursing locofed in Soufh Western On-
torio.
Annuol enrollmenf of 50 students.
Two-Plus-One progrom commencing Sep-
tember, 1968.
Minimum requirement - B.Sc.N wifh
several yeors experience.
Apply:
Chairman
Board of Nursing Education
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN
GENERAL HOSPITAL
St. Thomas, Ontario
NOVEMBER 1967
SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL
COOKSVILLE, ONTARIO
REGISTERED NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING
ASSISTANTS
For all Departments and a new Psychi-
atric wing.
Subsidized employee benefits ond good
personnel policies in effect.
Modern, furnished aportmenfs ovailable.
For information and application,
ptease write to:
Director of Nursing
SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL
Cooksville, Ontario
REGISTERED NURSES
required
For modern IOOO-bed occredited hospital.
Excellent odvoncement opporfunities.
Wide ronge of services provided in
Surgery, Medicine, Emergency, Intensive
Core, Chronic, Moternify, Psychiofric, Or-
thopoedic, etc. Excellent woges and be-
nefits program including 10 statufory
holidoys.
Please apply to:
Personnel Department
HENDERSON GENERAL
HOSPITAL
Hamilton, Ontario
POSITIONS OPEN
Director of Nursing Educotion. Preferoble
holding 0 Mosfers Degree. Also Insfruc-
tors wifh Bochelors Degree in Nursing or
Posf-Graduote training.
270-bed occredited hospital.
ABERDEEN HOSPL T AL
New Glasgow
Nova Scotia
WILSON MEMORIAL
GENERAL HOSPITAL
requires
REGISTERED NURSES FOR
GENERAL DUTY
REGISTERED NURSING
ASSISTANTS
20-bed hospifol. Situated in 0 thriving
Norfhwestern Onforio community.
Room ond boord provided.
For full particulars,
Write to:
Director of Nursing
Marathon, Ontario
REGISTERED NURSES
REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS
required for
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL
Construction of 0 new hospital scheduled
for complefion November 1967 will in-
crease the bed copocify to 450. Included
in the new hospitol will be the Friesen
concept of equipment ond material sup-
ply. Solory commensurofe with p,eporo-
tion ond experience. Benefits include Co-
node Pension Plan, Hospifol Pension Pion,
Group life Insuronce. Accumulative sick
leove. Ontario Hospifal Insurance ond
P.S.1. - 50% poymenf by hospital.
Apply:
Personnel Director
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL
Belleville, Ontario
LABORATORY TECHNICIAN
FORT CHURCHILL
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Regisfered laborafory fechnicion for 51-
bed octive treotment hospifol in Northern
Manifobo, with medicol sfoff of three
doctors. Must be oble to perform proce-
dures in fields of hemofology, bocterio-
logy, grouping and cross-motching blood,
biochemisfry. Salory $490-$570 per
month plus $20 minimum coli bock pay.
Apply stating experience and
references to:
The Administrator
FORT CHURCHILL
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Fort Churchill, Manitoba
THE CANADIAN NURSE 77
I I
UNITED STATES
UNITED STATES
TEAM LEADER opportunities in North Miomi. The
newly expanded 372-bed North Miami General
Hospital needs evening and night Registered Nurse
team leaders for its Medical-Surgical Units. Salaries
are $652-$678 per month depending upon experience.
Nor,h Miami General is 0 fully accredited five
year old hospital with liberal fringe benefits and
D continuing education program for Registered Nurses.
For D descriptive brochure and hospital policies
write: North Miami General Hospital, North Miami,
Florida. J. Larry Sims, Administrative Assistant. An
equal opportunity employer. 15-1O-2A
STAFF NURSES: To work in Extended Core or Tuber-
culosis Unit. Live in lovely suburban Cleveland in
2-bedroom house for $55 a month including all
utilities. Modern salary and excellent fringe benefits.
Write Director of Nursing Service. 4310 Richmond
Rood. Cleveland. Ohio. 15-361 F
STAFF NURSES - Here is the opportunity to further
develop your professional skills and knowledge in our
t.OOO-bed medical center. We have liberal personnel
policies with premiums for evening and night tours.
Our nurses' residence, located in the midst of 33
cultural and educational institutions, offers low-cost
housing adiacent to the Hospitals. Write for our booklet
on nursing opportunities. Feel free to tell us what type
position you are seeking. Write: Director of Nursing,
Room 600, University Hospitals of Cleveland, University
Circle. Cleveland. Ohio 44106 15-36.1G
Registered Nurse (Scenic Oregon vacation play-
ground, skiing, swimming, boating & cultural
events) for 295-bed teaching unit on campus of
University of Oregon medical school. Salary starts
at 5575. Pay differential for nights ond evenings.
liberal policy for advancement, vacations, sick
leave. holidays. Apply: Multnomah Hospitol. Port.
land. Oregon. 97201. 15-38-1
ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
MONTREAL, QUEBEC
POSTGRADUATE COURSES
1.
(a) Six month clinical course in Obstetrical Nursing.
Classes - September and March.
(b) Two month clinical course in Gynecological Nursing.
Classes following the six month course in Obstetrical
Nursing.
(c) Twelve week Course in Care of the Premature infant.
2.
Six month course in Operating Room Technique.
Classes - September and March.
3.
Six month course in Theory and Practice in Psychiatric
Nursing.
Classes - September and March.
For inlormation and details 01 the courses, apply to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL
Montreal, P.Q.
78 THE CANADIAN NURSE
UNIVERSITY Of
BRITISH COLUMBIA
School of Nursing
DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC
NURSING
DEGREE COURSE FOR
GRADUATE NURSES
Both of these courses lead to the
B.S.N. degree. Graduates are pre-
pared for public health as well as
hospital nursing positions.
DIPLOMA COURSES FOR
GRADUATE NURSES
1. Public Health Nursing.
2. Administration of Hospital
Nursing Units.
3. psychiatric Nursing.
For inlormation write to:
The Director
SCHOOL OF NURSING
UNIVERSITY OF H.C.
Vancouver 8, B.C.
THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL
QUEEN SQUAREr LONDON
W.C.l., ENGLAND
(NEUROLOGY and
NEUROSURGERY)
POST-GRADUATE
NURSING EDUCATION
One year courses are open to
graduates of accredited Schools
of Nursing with good education-
al background.
Three months academic teaching
in the School of Nursing under
guidance of Sister Tutor assisted
by teaching Staff of Senior Neu-
rologists and Neurosurgeons.
Eight months Clinical experience.
Five weeks vacation.
Certificate and badge of the Hos-
pital awarded to successful Stu-
dents.
Full graduate salary paid
throughout the year.
This work has a special appeal
to nurses interested in research
and the humanitarian aspect of
Nursing.
FOR PROSPECTUS APPLY TO THE
MATRON
NOVEMBER 1967
THE WINNIPEG
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Offers the following opportunify for od-
vonced preporofion to qualified Registered
Groduote Nurses:
A SIX MONTH CLINICAL COURSE
in
OPERATING ROOM
PRINCIPLES AND ADVANCED
PRACTICE
The COurse commences in Sepfember of
eoch yeor. Moinfenonce is provided, and
o reosonoble stipend is given eoch month.
Enrolment is limifed to a maximum of
fen sfudents.
For further information please
write to:
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING
700 William Ave.
Winnipeg 3
THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL
QUEEN SQUARE, W.C.1, and
MAIDA VALE HOSPITAL,
W. 9.
LONDON
(POST-GRADUATE TEACHING
HOSPIT ALS)
NEUROLOGY AND
NEUROSURGERY
These unique hospifols of internafional
repute offer to Regisfered Nurses:-
I) One yeor course - badge ond certi-
ficofe owarded.
2) Operofing Theafre experience. Mini-
mum period of oppoinfment, four
months.
3) General duties on medico I and sur-
gicol wards, occasionol voconcy at
Convolescent Hospital (near Hamp-
steod Heafh), minimum periods of ap-
pointmenf two months.
Considerotion given to Nurses wishing to
toke exfended holidoys.
This branch of nursing hos 0 speciol op-
peal to those interested in research and
the humonitarian ospecf of nursing.
Further particulars may be
obtained from:
Matron
THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL
Queen Square, London, W.C.l
England
.lOVEMBER 1967
McMASTER
UNIVERSITY
DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC
NURSING (B.Se.N.)
A Four-Year Course which pre-
pares students for all branches
of community and hospital nur-
sing practice and leads to the
degree, Bachelor of Seience in
Nursing (B.Se.N.). It includes
studies in the humanities, basic
sciences and nursing. Bursaries,
loans and scholarships are a-
vailable.
For additional information,
write to:
School of Nursing
McMASTER UNIVERSITY
Hamilton, Ontario
Test Pool Examinations
FOR
Registration of Nurses
IN
Nova Scotia
To foke place on Februory 21 and 22,
1968 ot Hahfox ond Sydney. Requests
for opplicotion forms should be mode of
once and forms musf be returned to the
Registrar not later than January 5, 1968
Togefher with:
1. Diploma of School of Nursing;
2. Fee of Twenty-Five Dollars ($25.00).
Applications received after this date will
not be accepTed. No undergroduoTe moy
write unless he or she hos passed suc-
cessfully 011 final school of nursing eX-
ominafions and is within nine (9) weeks
of completion of the course in nursing.
NANCV H. WATSON. R.N..
EXECUTIVE SECRET ARV.
The Registered Nurses'
Association of Nova Scotia
6035 Coburg Road,
Halifax, N.S.
THE HOSPITAL
FOR
SICK CHILDREN
1
,
J
" J
, f
I
YOU
Receive the advantages of:
1. Five-week orientation pro-
gram for new staff.
2. Ongoing in-service education
for nurses.
3. Extensive student education
program.
4. Research Institute.
APPLICATION FOR GENERAL
DUTY POSITIONS INVITED
For information contact:
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING
555 University Avenue
Toronto, Canada
THE CANADIAN NURSE 79
ROYAL INLAND
HOSPITAL
Kamloops. B.C.
INVITES yOU to opply for 0 position in on expanding hospitol.
There is an opening for you in ony of the services, which include
Intensive Core, Hoemodiolysis, Psychiafry, Reoctivofion. Hospifal
is a Regional Hospital ond mojor medico I centre in fhe Interior
wifh oil general speciolties well represenfed including neurosur-
gery. 186 bed air-conditioned wing wos complefed in 1966, pre-
sent renovotion bringing copacify fo 270 beds ond 45 bassinettes
will be completed in Ocfober. Pions for exponsion to 500 beds ore
underway.
Salary as per R.N.A.B.C. contracf. 4 weeks vacation. Cumulafive
sick leave up to 120 days. Pension and medical coverage pro-
gramme. Opportunity for advancement.
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SCHOOL OF NURSING - SCHOOL OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY -
IN.SERVICE EDUCATION PROGRAMME INCLUDING ORIENTATION
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You will have initial occommodotion provided at nominol cost.
KAMlOOPS, 0 ropidly expanding indusfriol oreo wifh 0 populotion
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For your enjoyment 0 large voriety of winfer ond summer octi-
vifies ore available including excellent skiing, golfing, bO:lfing,
fishing, comping, horsebock riding, flying, dramo, concerts, ond
an octive adult educotion progromme.
Applications and enquiries should be addressed to :
DIRECTOR OF NURSING SERVICE
ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL
KAMLOOPS r B.C.
80 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Index
to
advertisers
November 1967
American Sterilizer Company
Ames Company of Canada, Ltd.
Canadian Sugar Institute . ... .. ..
Canadian Tampax Corporation Limited
M.J. Chase Co. Inc. .n
Collier-Macmillan Canada Ltd.
Department of Health and Social Welfare
(Castonguay Report) 59
Facelle Company Limited Cover II
Charles E. Frosst & Co. 10
Hollister Limited .... ....... 14
Frank W. Horner Company 13,21
Kayser Roth of Canada (Supp-Hose Stockings) 23
LaCross Uniform Co. .. .. .... Cover III
Lakeside Laboratories (Canada) Ltd. 19
Lewis-Howe Company (Turns) 54
Mead Johnson Laboratories 20
C.V. Mosby Co. 2
Niagara Finance Company Limited 11
J.T. Posey Company 51
Poulenc Limited 6
Reeves Company 56
Scholl Mfg. Co. Ltd. 57
Sterilon of Canada Ltd. 1
White Cross Shoes .. ...... 15
Winley-Morris Company Ltd. 25, 54
17
Cover IV
55
9
25
53
Advertising
Manager
Ruth H. Baumel,
The Canadian Nurse
50 The Driveway,
Ottawa 4, Ontario
Advertising Representatives
Richard P. Wilson,
219 East Lancaster Avenue,
Ardmore, Penna. 19003
Vanco Publications,
170 The Douway West,
Suite 408, Don Mills, Ont.
Member of Canadian
Circulation Audit Board Inc.
GÐ:J
NUVtMtitK 1%;
December 1967
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nVERSITY OF OTTA'NA.
SCHOOL OF NURSING
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12-6a-
The
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Nurse
M. & V. for Christmas dinner
homosexuality
among women
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a u1 or
when patients die
conception control in
family planning
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These beautiful professional uniforms are t)'pical of the famous Whit n Sister styling and fit with the luxury features that make White
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CLINIC
Reg U S Pol OH and Co no do
SHOE
ðm- kW<mwt IA\i WhJt
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greetings to you who give patience and
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THE CLINIC SHOEMAKERS, 1221 LOCUST ST., DEPT. CN-12 ST. LOUIS 3, MO
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W 8th Edition! Anderson
L WORKBOOK OF SOLUTIONS AND DOSAGE OF DRUGS
Including Arithmetic
The nurse's responsibility in the preparation of solutions and computation of
drug dosage cannot be overestimated. The absolute precision required must be-
gin with sound knowledge of the basic arithmetical concepts and how to relate
these concepts to everyday problems in drug therapy. For nearly 30 years, in-
structors have depended on Anderson, WORKBOOK OF SOLUTIONS AND
DOSAGE OF DRUGS to help communicate these vital fundamentals to their
students. Through several editions. it has been the most widely adopted work-
book of its kind. Now, in an all-new 8th edition, it offers your students more
than ever before. This student-centered workbook provides a quick review of
arithmetic which may be used as a planned pre-course assignment as well as in
class. Here are a few of the features which highlight this new edition:
1. Twelve practical, helpful new illustrations;
2. A newly simplified discussion of manipulation of fractions;
3. A new presentation of percentage and proportion;
4. Streamlined coverage of solution preparation, eliminating those solu-
tions usually available from pharmaceutical houses;
5. A useful discussion of the surface area rule for pediatric drug dosage.
Incorporating many suggestions from instructors who used the previous edition,
this new 8th edition promises to uphold its position as the most popular work-
book in its field. Consider it for your students for next semester.
the pharmacology text preferred by 6 out of 7 nursing instructors
10th Edition Bergersen-Krug
PHARMACOLOGY IN NURSING
The leading text in its field through 9 editions, this outstanding work offers a time-
ly, comprehensive presentation of pharmacology, including authoritative discus-
sions of the use, preparation and dosage of drugs. It examines how and why
specific drugs should be administered and explains the expected outcome of drug
therapy, emphasizing the nurse's responsibility throughout. All drug information
has been revised in keeping with the U.S. Pharmacopeia (Volume XVII) and the
National Formulary (Vol. XII), New information in this revision encompasses
drug legislation affecting professional behavior; evaluation of disinfectant effec-
tiveness; character and action of autonomic nervous system drugs. An informative
chapter on psychologic aspects of drug therapy has been added to this edition.
Helpful learning aids include comparative charts, chapter outlines, review ques-
tions, an appendix and a glossary.
PHARMACOLOGY IN NURSING in this timely 10th edition, remains much
more comprehensive and definitive than any other text in this subject area.
Are you using it for your COurses?
.oó-
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By ELLEN M. ANDERSON, R.N., B.S.,
M.A. Publication date: January, 196B.
8th edition, approx. 192 pagel, 7 1 /4"
x 10Vz", 13 illustrations. About $3.BO.
Sie hJed4 4ð mttd
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Prepare her with the best available
the new edition of the leading
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Solutions and Dosage,
now with helpful, practical illustrations
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By BETTY S. BERGERSEN, R.N.,
M 5; and ELSIE E. KRUG, R.N.,
M.A. Consultant: ANDRES GOTH,
MD. Publication date: t966. 10th
edition, 741 pages plus I-XIV, 7"
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and B color plates. Price $B.40.
THE C. V. MOSBY COMPANY, LTO
PUblishers
86 Northline Road. Toronto 16, Ontario
2 THE CANADIAN NURSE DECEMBER 1967
The
Canadian
Nurse
ð
'-d
A monthly journal for the nurses of Canada published
in English and French editions by the Canadian Nurses' Association
Volume 63, Number 12
December 1967
27 That's What We Want for Christmas
28 M. & V. for Christmas Dinner
K. G. Christie
31 Considerations for Nurse Recruitment
S. R. Good
33 When Patients Die: Some Nursing Problems
37 Conception Control in Family Planning
J. C. Quint
E. Dawson
42 Homosexuality Among Women
45 Employee Health Service
H Rancourt and T. Limoges
N. McNaughton
W. Lyons
47 Expectation - Its Role in Nursing Home Care
48 Can We Afford Small Schools?
The views expressed in the various articles are the views of the authors and do not
necessarily represent the policies or views of the Canadian Nurses' Association.
4 Letters 9 News
18 Names 20 Dates
22 New Products 24 In A Capsule
49 Research Abstracts 50 Books
8] Index for 1967 55 Accession List
Cover photo by Milne. Toronto. courtesy of Toronto General Hospital School of
Nursing.
Executive Director: Helen K. Mussallem .
Editor: Vlrgtnta A. Ltndabury . Assistant
Editor: Glennis N. ZlIm . Editorial As.istant:
Loral A. Graham . Circulation Manager: Pler-
reUe HoUe . Advertising Manager: Ruth H.
Baumel . Subscription Rates: Canada: One
Year. M.50; two year.,
.OO. Fureign: One
Year,
5.00; two years, S9.00. Single copies:
50 cents each. Make cheques or money orders
payable to The Canadian Nurse . Change of
Address: Fûur weeks' notice and the old
address as well as the new are necessary. Not
responsible for journals lost in mait due to
errors in address.
@ Canadian Nurses' Association, 1967
Manusertpt Information: "The Canadian
Nur.e" welcome. unsolicited articles. All
manuscripts shuuld be typed, double-spaced.
un one side of unruled paper leaving wide
margins. Manuscripts are accepted for review
tor exclusive publication. The editor reserves
the right to make the usual editoriat changes.
Photographs (gtossy prints) and graphs and
diagrams (drawn in india ink on white parer)
are welcomed with such articles. The editor
is not committed to publish all articles sent,
nor to indicate defimte dates of publication.
4.uthurized as Second-Class Mail by the Post
Office Department, Ottawa, and for _ payment
of postage in cash. Postpaid at Montreal.
Return Pustage Guaranteed. 50 The Driveway
Ottawa 4. Ontario. '
DECEMBER 1967
v
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.
Seasons Gre -t
rgs
from the
Editd2rial
Staff
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letters
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Letters to the editor are welcome.
Only signed letters will be considered for publication
Name will be withheld at the writer's request.
Comments on RPN editorial
Dear Editor:
I write as a registered nurse who has no
fears regarding the standard of care ad-
ministered by registered psychiatric nurses
in Western Canada. I would suggest that
colleagues take a long hard look at treat-
ment facilities and standards of psychia-
tric care in some areas of the United States,
which is the origin of Canadian nursing
trends, compare, think well about the in-
divdual patient, and then decide.
With a few notable exceptions, registered
nurses have consistently neglected their
responsibilities to the mentally ill and the
retarded. Many persons in psychiatric serv-
ices are vaguely aware that this growing
concern was not readily evident until the
registered psychiatric nurse began to com:
pete successfully with the R.N. for some
of the more attractive positions within
these services.
I take issue with the recent editorial
that based part of its comment on the find-
ings of that august body, the Hall Commis-
sion. The Commission noted that large
mental hospitals are contracting, and with
a stroke of intellectual brilliance, concluded
that the need for registered psychiatric
nurses will diminish. Some time has elapsed
since this report was formulated; yet the
demand for registered psychiatric nurses
continues to increase, not only within hos-
pitals but in the new psychiatric services
that are spreading into the community.
No one can dispute the necessity for the
Hall Commission, but I must express con-
cern on the editorial that supports its find-
ings and then sits in prejudgement by sug-
gesting the phasing-out of these programs.
This therapy effectively removed my delu-
sion that all nurses are democratic. - John
KelIie, R.N., R.P.N., Portage La Prairie,
Manitoba.
Dear Editor:
I read with interest your editorial on
psychiatric nursing and the registered psy-
chiatric nurse in the October issue of
THE CANADIAN NURSE. One thing stands out
clearly in this article and that is your lack
of experience in the field of psychiatric
nursing.
The first program in psychiatric nurs-
ing in Canada was instituted in British
Columbia in 1930 and was followed by sim-
ilar programs in the other western provinces.
Why similar programs were not offered in
the eastern provinces is unclear. This must
have resulted in a lower standard of nurs-
ing care throughout eastern Canada.
4 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Th:;: above statement is corroborated by
statistics on the nurse-patient ratio in in-
stitutions. The ratio in eastern Canada,
where there is no training for registered
psychiatric nurses, ranges from one pro-
fessional nurse per 32 patients in Ontario
to one per 83 in New Brunswick. Compare
these figures with the ratio in the western
provinces where psychiatric nurse training is
in effect: one professional nurse per six
patients in Saskatchewan and British Colum-
bia, and one per 15 in Alberta. These fig-
ures speak for themselves. It is obvious
that patients and nurses alike in the western
provinces are not going to take kindly to
the suggestion that we regress to the lower
standards of our eastern provinces.
In the United Kingdom, both mental and
general nurses have been trained for many
years. This system has proved effective,
and according to the General Nursing Coun-
cil of England and Wales they have no in-
tention of "phasing out" their psychiatric
nurses. It is significant also that the General
Nursing Council is a Joint Council. Both
general and mental nurses are on their regis-
ter. This promotes a better relationship be-
tween the two fields of nursing and makes
possible more unified programs of education.
It is significant, also, that all other Com-
monwealth countries and the more advanced
European countries have followed this ex-
ample and have trained general and mental
nurSes. The mental hospitals in countries
utilizing such systems have a much higher
standard of patient care than those in areas
where general nurses supervise untrained
or poorly trained attendants. Is the Editor of
THE CANADIAN NURSE seriously suggesting
that we join the ranks of the backward?
The first reason you give for the phasing
out of the psychiatric nurse is that the
patient must be treated as a whole. This
is true, but as with any sweeping statement,
there must be sensible modifications. I
have worked with patients in both areas of
nursing, general and mental, as have many
registered psychiatric nurses. While the
physically ill patient often has emotional
complications, the reverse is seldom true.
A mentally ill patient becomes physically
ill only as often as does any other citizen.
Should this occur he is immediately trans-
ferred to the general hospital, if necessary,
where facilities to deal with his disorder are
readily available.
Physical emergencies in a mental hos-
pital occur no more often than do physical
emergencies on the streets of our cities.
It is therefore no more logical to suggest
that our psychiatric nurses need a complete
course in general nursing than it is to
suggest that all citizens should take such a
course. I agree that a complete course in
general nursing would be an asset to re-
gistered psychiatric nurses who wish to take
such a course. On these grounds I would
suggest that postgraduate courses for both
types of nurse should be available. The
necessity for a general nurse to take post-
graduate training in psychiatric nursing is
more logical than for a psychiatric nurse
to need obstetrics, surgical nursing, operating
room techniques, and so on.
The second reason stated for the phasing
out of the psychiatric nurse is based on
the concept of integration of the psychia-
tric and general health service. It has al-
ready been proved in Great Britain that
this concept is not completely workable.
There are insufficient facilities in general
hospitals for large-scale care of mentally
disturbed persons. On a small scale this
can and should be done, but unfortunately
there will always be a need for mental hos-
pitals adjacent to general hospitals, or other-
wise.
It seems ridiculous that while other health
workers, such as doctors and social workers,
are finding it more and more necessary to
specialize, registered nurses are saying that
one type of nurse is capable of dealing
with all types of disorders. This can never
be true. mnesses, both mental and physical,
cover too wide an area to be covered com-
pletely or adequately in a two-year training
course.
You wonder why RN's are not attracted
to this type of nursing. The answer is
obvious: general nurses and psychiatric
nurses are two different types of persons.
The Report of the Royal Commission on
Health Services, which you quoted, was full
of inaccuracies, many of which were pointed
out in the February issue of the Canadiall
Journal of psychiatric Nursing. Psychiatric
nurses believe that these recommendations
by general nurses are forwarded less in the
interest of the patient than in the interests
of their own association.
Back in the 30's, when training programs
were being set up, general nurses' associ-
ations were not interested in mental nursing.
Now that the spade work has been done and
our nurses are spreading to the east, the
general nurses suddenly are awakening and
deciding that this is a field now suitable
for them. Our registered psychiatric nurses
now are being sought after by various agen-
cies in the United States; they are being
employed by various agencies other than
DECEMBER 196i
nental hospitals, general hospitals, and child
.vel fare agencies all across Canada. and
:ountless others are clamoring for our gra-
Juates. And general nurses suggest that we
:ease training!
The training programs for psychiatric
nurses are adequate and equal in all res-
pects to the training programs offered across
Canada for registered nurses. There is. of
course. always room for improvement, and
we are considering a program based on
the British system of one-year basic train-
ing for all nurses, plus one or two years
of specialization, i.e. general or mental.
The graduates of these programs could then
continue their education should they so
wish. To us this appears to be the answer
to the problems of both types of nurse.
The program suggested by the general
nurses would reduce the immigration to
Canada of nurses from the U.K.. as neither
general nor mental nurses trained in the
u.K. would fit into your proposed pattern
for nursing. The program that we suggest
would meet world-wide acceptance.
Psychiatric nurses have no intention of
being phased out. This perhaps could have
been done in the 1940's, but psychiatric
nurses, who number 5.000. are now a ne-
cessary and integral part of the health ser-
vices. I would suggest that registered nurses
across Canada wake up to the fact that we
are very much in existence and are here to
stay. Once the two areas of nursing are
accepted, the relationship between our as-
sociations will improve. We are not in-
terested in general training en bloc. We
are interested in postgraduate training at a
university level. and in a better relationship
with general nurses..
Finally. and most important. we are in-
terested in maintaining a high standard of
nursing care for the mentally ill and in
spreading this type of care across Canada.
- John Martyniw. R.M.N.. R.P.N., pres-
ident, Psychiatric Nurses' Association of
Manitoba, Selkirk, Manitoba.
Dear Editor:
I read with interest your editorial in the
October issue on the subject of "psychiatric
nurses" and agree with everything you have
said. However I would have added a third
reason why licensed psychiatric nurses' train-
ing programs should be phased out.
It is unfair to young men and women
who are planning on making nursing their
career, that the course available to them
offers them so little scope after graduation.
Graduates of psychiatric courses given in
the four Western provinces cannot find em-
ployment elsewhere on this continent or
abroad because there is no such category
of nurse except in Western Canada; even in
Western Canada employment and oppor-
tunities for promotion are extremely limited
unless the individuals take further training
to qualify for nurse registration. Students
do not know this until it is too late for
them to do anything about it. - B.C. Nurse.
DECEMBER 1967
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P.O. Box 65. Station "B",
Montreal, Que., Canada
A. I wish to become a Foster Parent of a
needy child for One year. If possible, sex
____________00 age 0000_00_000000 nationality ____
I will poy $16 a monfh for one year or
mOre ($192 per year). Payments will be
made monthly ( ), quarterly ( ), semi-an-
nually ( ), annually ( ). I enclose here-
with my first payment $__00. 00____. .........._.._. .
B. I cannot "aclopf" a child, buf I would like
to help a child by contributing $ ___0000_
Name
Address
Cif)'
Date
------'
THE CANADIAN NURSE
5
letters
Dear Editor:
In your October editorial you advocated
a "phasing out of the present programs for
registered psychiatric nurses" in Western
Canada. This issue is not only overdue
but also more complex than your editorial
would suggest.
The demands of the Psychiatric Nurses
Association of Ontario are indeed for an
additional Register, but our hope is that
it would be administered by the College of
Nurses of Ontario and that the professional
organization for members of such a Register
would be the Registered Nurses' Associa-
tion of Ontario. This plan contrasts sharply
with the existing Western Canadian RPN
programs, which are separated from the
rest of the nursing profession since they
have their own legislation and are not af-
filiated with the Canadian Nurses' Associa-
tion or the International Council of Nurses.
The PNAO has asked that the Register
of Nurses administered by the College of
Nurses of Ontario be revised so that it has
two parts; each part, basic or post-basic
would be administered in the same way
that Registers of Nurses are administered
in Britain, other Commonwealth countries,
such as Australia, and in parts of Europe.
The two parts are: 1. a Register of Nurses
whose orientation is toward psychiatry, but
whose training includes "physical" nursing;
2. a Register of Nurses whose orientation
is toward "physical" nursing, but whose
training includes psychiatric nursing.
The purpose of such a plan is to inte-
grate nursing in a practical "on the ward"
attitude toward the "treat the patient as
a whole" concept, and to come to everyday
terms with the self-evident: psychiatry is
different. (For example, the nurse's prime
therapeutic tool is his or her relationship
with the patient; the patient is unaware of
being sick and is unappreciative of therapy;
he is not in bed and is still working or at
home; nurse and patient are in "street
clothes. "
The case against a psychiatric nursing
program separate from the total field of
nursing has been presented by the 1966
Royal Commission on Health Services and
the Canadian Mental Health Association in
its 1967 submission to the federal govern-
ment. It also has been presented by your
editorial. However, a separate program is
not what the 'PNAO is asking for.
We, too, want integration, but we know
that psychiatric nursing is large enough,
special enough, different enough, and in
enough demand to need a 2- to 3-year basic
course, leading to registration on a new
psychiatric part of a revised Register of
Nurses. - Mr. R. Ewart Brown, R.M.N.
(U.K.), Reg.N., Vice-president, P.N.A.O.,
and Chapter President, R.N.A.O.
6 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Frustrated by fellow nurses
Dear Editor:
In response to Rosemarie A. Gascoyne's
letter (July, 1967), I would say that in
over 20 years of nursing practice I have
never met a physician who would not allow
me to practice my profession to the ful-
lest.
I have never been frustrated by a lack
of a common meeting ground with the
medical profession, but I often have been
severely frustrated by my relationships with
fellow nurses. The nurse who refuses to
learn new techniques just because they
were not taught 20 or 30 years ago; who
fails to interpret a patient's complaints or
lack of them and thus misses an opportunity
to make an adequate nursing diagnosis; who
never picks up a professional journal or at-
tends workshops or seminars because 40
hours of nursing a week is all she can toler-
ate; these are my frustrations. These are the
nurses who fail so badly in the art of com-
munication that the medical practitioners
with whom they work do not allow them to
use good judgment because they have never
exhibited any.
My experience spans five large U. S.
cities. In each area I have had to prove
my worth, but in each instance I have
been able to practice to the fullest. -
Lora Craig, Winter Park Memorial Hos-
pital, Winter Park, Florida.
Hemophilia articles
Dear Editor:
It Was with great pleasure that we read
the two articles concerning hemophilia in
the July issue of your magazine.
On behalf of the Canadian Hemophilia
Society, I wish to compliment Doctor Petit-
clerc and Miss Drapeau on their excellent
presentations. It is indeed gratifying to know
of their interest in this painful disease. -
Mrs. Patricia Harris, Assistant to the Presi-
dent, Canadian Hemophilia Society, Mont-
real.
Dear Editor:
Congratulations on the two excellent ar-
ticles published in your July 1967 issue,
"Hemophilia," by Claude Petitclerc, M.D.,
and "The Nurse and the Hemophiliac Pa-
tient," by Janine Drapeau.
We take issue with but one premise of
both papers - the treatment of choice.
Since mid-1966 in Canada, Hemophilia A
has been treated almost exclusively with
human Factor 8 concentrate. This material
now is manufactured in quantity by the
Red Cross in most Canadian provincrs. It
was developed in 1959 by Dr. Judith Pool
at Stanford University, under the designation
cryo-precipitate. The results have been spec-
tacular.
Universal use of Factor 8 concentrate
represents the most forward advance in
treatment of hemophilia A since the develop-
ment of plasma. Experiments are now in
progress to assess the feasibility of routine
injections on a prophylactic basis in the
home.. - Martin J.J. Dayton, President,
B.C. Chapter, Canadian Hemophilia Soci-
ety, Vancouver.
Nurses must be flexible
Dear Editor:
Thanks go to Mrs. Margaret Wishlow
(Letters, Aug. '67) for considering hospitals
other than large teaching centers.
Canada has hundreds of smaller hospitals
and nursing stations that fill important
community needs. Their staff nurses' res-
ponsibilities often lie at two extremes.
These nurses may perform duties in central
supply, formula room, diet kitchen, or
teach non-professional staff to do so. On
the other hand they often perform the
duties of a pharmacist, physiotherapist,
dietitian, housekeeper, laboratory, or x-ray
technician, or they "pinch-hit" in the oper-
ating room. This situation will last as
long as this vast country has a scattered
population, especially in the North, and
as long as there is a shortage of per-
sonnel in all the paramedical professions.
Though most nursing schools are now
located in the larger centers and univer-
sities, they must not ignore the needs of
smaller institutions that rely on their grad-
uates. They must continue to teach both the
apothecary and metric systems and the
preparation of solutions, to avoid the trap
of teaching students to be specialized em-
ployees of their own professionally staffed
institution. Let the universities remem-
ber that "menial labor" is still a part of
nursing. - Jacqueline Lawson, Indian Hos-
pital, Sioux Lookout, Ontario.
Student evaluation
Dear Editor:
I would like to congratulate Mrs. Sharon
O'Toole and her colleagues on their effort
to implement a system of student evaluation
of instructors (Letters, Sept. 1967).
As a former clinical instructor exposed to
student evaluation, I believe that student
evaluation can help to improve teaching as
well as contribute toward student satisfac-
tion. My experience of student criticisms has
been that they are not always pleasant, but
usually are constructive, and often compli-
mentary .
And speaking of evaluation, would it not
be a good idea for staff nurses to be given
an opportunity to evaluate head nurses? -
(Miss) Flordeliza P. Cais, R.N., Shaughnes-
sy Hospital, Vancouver, B.C.
Male nurses needed
Dear Editor:
The time that is spent trying to perpetu-
ate the orderly system could well be spent
in recruitment programs for male nurses.
(News, Sept. 1967).
In his article "The Will to Match Our Op-
DECEMBER 1967
letters
Jortunity" (June 1966). Albert Wedgery
,tated that the continuance of the orderly
;ystem has underscored the urgent need for
nale nurses. He added. '"Are we really giv-
ng honest con
ideration to our male pa-
.ientsT'
Here are some examples of the duties as-
iigned to orderlies: the largest hospital in
Western Canada bars male nurses and has
Illowed orderlies for over 10 years to carry
Jut nursing duties divorced from nursing
Idministration and supervision; another hos-
Dital indicated its dependence upon the or-
jerly system by including it in its intensive
;are unit ('"Medical Intensive Care", May.
1967); a local ambulance service uses un-
mpervised nursing orderlies at a time when
,killed domiciliary care is increasingly nec-
ssary; psychiatric units in some general
hospitals employ orderlies in preference to
skilled male psychiatric nurses; home care
programs favor female patients because of
the lack of skilled male nurses.
A great number of orderlies have become
skilled and efficient in the nursing duties
that nurses have allowed them to do. Most
are worthy of their favorable economic po-
sition. These orderlies should be trained as
nurses, under one of the two categories of-
ficialIy recommended by the Canadian
Nurses' Association. - Mr. F. Rushton.
R.N.. Victoria, B.c.
CNF support
Dear Editor:
As a CNF fellow for two years. I wish
to add my support to your October edito-
rial. While the financial support is impor-
tant, there is much more to a CNF fellow-
ship than a sum of money. The fact that at
least some in the Canadian nursing profes-
sion have shown a great deal of faith in
what I am doing and an interest in having
me return to Canada has been very impor-
tant to me. It is very easy for a graduate
student in the USA in almost all fields to
lose touch with career opportunities at home
and yet remain very much aware of them in
this country. As a CNF member for some
time before receiving a fellowship, I con-
sidered the $2.00 membership fee as a mod-
est investment in the future growth of Ca-
nadian nursing. I hope that upon my re-
turn to Canada in another year I shall be
able to pay some dividends on the invest-
ment of other nurses and the Kellogg Found-
ation by assisting in a small way to
guide that future growth. I would urge the
Canadian nursing profession as a whole to
demonstrate that they too have faith in our
profession's future.
As one who has never sought member-
ship on the medical team, but who considers
herself a full member of the health team, I
was tempted to answer Dr. Varvis' letter.
DECEMBER 1967
However. I think we have to show him and
some of his colleagues what we mean by
'"optimum patient care." and perhaps
through support of the CNF we can show
others that we h.lve confidence in ourselves.
- Dorothy Kergin. doctor.11 candidate,
University of Michig,m. Ann Arbor. Michi-
gan.
Dear Editor:
Please accept my two-dollar membership
fee for CNF. which is very late in coming.
It would likely not have come at aIL had it
not been for your editorial in the October
issue.
I suggest that YOll edge your next edi-
torial with black. for I believe that. as
nurses. we should all go into mourning if
we allow such a worthwhile cause to die.
- Muryelle Sandrock. Ottawa.
Congratulations
Dear Editor:
I congratulate you on a fine public.ltion.
Over the years I h.lve noted a remdrkable
improvement in THE CANADIAN NURSE. It is
my opinion that your publication is one of
the best professional journals currently avail-
able. - Gordon M. Patrick. Assistant Di-
rector of Education. Alcoholism and Drug
Addiction Research Foundation. Toronto. D
*T.M.
ASSISTOSCOPE
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 7
Abdallah-NURSE'S AIDE
STUDY MANUAL
Anderson-BASIC PATIENT
CARE
Asperheim-PHARMACOLOGY
FOR PRACTICAL NURSES
Bleier-MATERNITY NURSING
Bogert-FUNDAMENTALS
OF CHEMISTRY
Bogert-LABORATORY
MANUAL OF CHEMISTRY
Bookmiller, Bowen & Carpenter
-OBSTETRICS AND
OBSTETRIC NURSING
Brooks-BASIC FACTS
OF PHARMACOLOGY
Brown-MEDICAL AND
SURGICAL NURSING II
Brown & Fowler-
PSYCHODYNAMIC NURSING
Bush-PERSONAL AND
VOCA TlONAL
RElATIONSHIPS FOR
PRACTICAL NURSES
Calender-UNIT
ADMI NISTRA TlON
Cook & Macaw-
MATHEMATICAL GUIDE TO
DOSAGE AND SOLUTION
Creighton-LAW EVERY NURSE
SHOULD KNOW
Cromwell-THE NURSE IN THE
SCHOOL HEALTH PROGRAM
Culver & Brownell-THE
PRACTICAL NURSE
Davis & Rubin-DE LEE'S
OBSTETRICS FOR NURSES
Dennis-PSYCHOLOGY OF
HUMAN BEHAVIOR Fo.R
NURSES
Dienhart-BASIC HUMAN
ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY
Dolan-GOODNOW'S HISTORY
OF NURSING
Falconer, Norman, Patterson &
Gustafson-THE DRUG, THE
NURSE, AND THE PATIENT
Falconer, PaHerson & Gustafson
-CURRENT DRUG
HANDBOOK 1968-70
Freeman-PUBliC HEALTH
NURSING PRACTICE
Frobisher, Sommermeyer &
Blaustein-MICROBIOLOGY
FOR NURSES
Gunther-GARNSEY'S DOSAGE
AND SOLUTIONS
Hayes & Gazaway-HUMAN
RELATIONS IN NURSING
Howe-NUTRITION FOR
PRACTICAL NURSES
Jacob & Francone-STRUCTURE
AND FUNCTION IN MAN
Jacob & Francone-LAB
MANUAL OF STRUCTURE
AND FUNCTION IN MAN
Jamieson, Sewall & Suhrie-
TRENDS IN NURSING
HISTORY
8 THE CANADIAN NURSE
I mportant Notice to
Saunders Nursing
Customers in Canada
Beginning January I, 1968
our new Canadian Company:
w. B. SAUNDERS CO., LTD.
1835 Yonge Street
Toronto, 7
will be ready to serve you
. ORDERS FOR BOOKS . INQUIRIES
. REQUESTS FOR PROMOTIONAL LITERATURE
should all be sent directly to our new Toronto
address.
MR. JAMES CORNWALL, Gen. Mgr. will wel-
come your comments and suggestions toward
providing the best possible service.
For the remainder of 1967
McAINSH & CO., LTD.
will continue to fill your needs
for Saunders books and periodicals
Keane-ESSENTIALS OF NURSING
Keane-SAUNDERS REVIEW FOR PRACTICAL
NURSES
Keane & Fletcher-DRUGS AND SOLUTIONS
Kempf & Useem-PSYCHOLOGY: DYNAMICS
OF BEHAVIOR IN NURSING
King & Showers-HUMAN ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY
Kozier & DuGas-FUND. OF PATIENT CARE
Krauze-FOOD, NUTRITION AND DIET
THERAPY
Kron-COMMUNICATION IN NURSING
Kron-NURSING TEAM LEADERSHIP
Leake-SIMPLE NURSING PROCEDURES
Leifer-PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES
IN PEDIATRIC NURSING
LeMaitre & Finnegan- THE
PATIENT IN SURGERY
Marlow-PEDIATRIC NURSING
McClain-SIMPLIFIED
ARITHMETIC FOR NURSES
McQuillan-FUNDAMENTALS
OF NURSING HOME
ADMI NISTRA TlON
Miller & Avery-GYNECOLOGY
& GYNECOLOGIC NURSING
O'Hara & Reith-PSYCHOLOGY
AND THE NURSE
Olson-A NURSES HANDBOOK
Olson-Dorland's-REFERENCE
HANDBOOK & DICTIONARY
OF NURSING
Perkins-ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE
FOR OPERATING ROOM
PERSONNEl
Price-AMERICAN NURSES
DICTIONARY
Price-ART, SCIENCE AND
SPIRIT OF NURSING
Routh-INORGANIC, ORGANIC
& BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
Routh-LAB MANUAL OF
CHEMISTRY
Sackheim-PRACTICAL
PHYSICS FOR NURSES
Sanner-TRENDS AND
PROFESSIONAL
ADJUSTMENTS IN NURSING
Sellew-SOCIOLOGY AND ITS
USE IN NURSING
Shackelton-PRACTICAL NURSE
NUTRITION EDUCATION
Shyrock-HISTORY OF
NURSING
Smith-MA TERNAL-CHILD
NURSING
Stafford & Diller-SURGERY
AND SURGICAL NURSING
Stanley-Brown-PEDIA TRIC
SURGERY FOR NURSES
Stevens-PERSONAL AND
FOR PRACTICAL NURSES
Stevens-PERSONAL AND
VOCATIONAL
RElATIONSHIPS IN
PRACTICAL NURSING
Stryker-BACK TO NURSING
Sutton-BEDSIDE NURSING
TECHNIQUES IN
MEDICINE AND SURGERY
Sutton-WORKBOOK FOR
PRACTICAL NURSES
Thompson-PEDIA TRICS FOR
PRACTICAL NURSES
Voeks-ON BECOMING AN
EDUCATED PERSON
Wallace-HEALTH SERVICES
FOR MOTHERS & CHILDREN
Weibe-DRTHOPEDICS
IN NURSING
Wilbur-COMMUNITY
HEALTH SERVICES
Wright & Montag-
PHARMACOLOGY AND
THERAPEUTICS
DECEMBER 1967
news
ICN Magazine, Newsletter
Get New Formats
Gel/em. - Beginning January 1968, the
lll1emational Nursing Revicw, official jour-
nal of the International Council of Nurses.
and the lCN News Letter will undergo ma-
jor changes in format. Sheila Quinn, execu-
tive director designate of ICN, reported on
the changes during her visit to CNA House
in Ottawa in October.
The major change is in the newsletter.
This will become an eight-page newssheet,
renamed lCN Calling, and will be published
10 times each year - monthly, except for
August and December. It will contain news
of ICN and its member associations and in-
formation on events of major importance to
nurses throughout the world.
lCN Calling will be published in separate
language editions: French. English, and Spa-
nish. Items will be short and prepared in a
lively, light. and easy-to-read news style.
Photographs will be used. Subscription rate
will be $2.00 (US funds) per year.
The lCN Re\'iew will be enlarged from 72
to 96 pages and will be published quarterly.
Articles will be published in English, with
summaries in the ICN working languages,
French. German, and Spanish. The Review
wiII no longer carry news, but will enlarge
the scope of professional articles to provide
background information that will lead to
better international understanding. Subscrip-
tion rate will be $4.50 per year (US funds).
The January 1968 Re\'iew will be a
"North American issue," says Miss Quinn.
"It will help to give our readers informa-
tion on the United States and Canada as a
preliminary for the ICN Congress to be held
in Montreal in 1969." she said. S. Karger of
New York will be publisher of both publica-
tions.
The changes in format of the two publica-
tions were recommended by an ICN Expert
Advisory Committee that met last April.
Subscriptions may be obtained by sending
requests with money orders to cover costs
to ICN Headquarters, P.O. Box 42, 1211
Geneva 20. Switzerland.
CNF Has Back to Wall;
Enough Money for
One More Year
Ottawa. - Members to the annual meet-
ing of the Canadian Nurses' Foundation,
held at CNA House in October, heard sad
news in the report of the Secretary-Treasu-
rer. The Foundation has only enough funds
to proceed with awards for one more year
unless it can find other support moneys.
Helen K. Mussallem, secretary-treasurer
DECEMBER 1967
tCN Leaders View Montreal Congress Facilities
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Montreal. - Sheila Quinn. executive director designate of the International Council of
Nurses, visited Montreal during the latter part gf October to work out plans for the
14th Quadrennial Congress to be held here June 23-29. 1969. Alice Girard. president of
the ICN and dean of the school of nursing at the University of Montreal. and Helen
K. Mussallem, executive director of the Canadian Nurses' Association. accompanied
Miss Quinn on her rounds of the proposed facilities for Congress visitors.
During the visit to Montreal, the nurses visited Mayor Jean Drapeau's office. Mayor
Drapeau offered his best wishes for a successful Congress and pledged his supporl. He
has extended the aid of the technical services of the city to help organize the inter-
national convention, and has appointed Mr. M. Dupire, the official greeter for the city,
as his representative on the Congress Planning Committee.
Miss Quinn and Dr. Mussallem toured the convention site. the recently completed
Place Bonaventure, during the Montreal visit. The general assemblies will be held in
the 200,OOO-square-foot Concordia Hall, which will seat up to 17,000 people.
Arrangement
for hotel accommodation, publicity. registration, and other facilities
are underway.
In the photograph, Miss Girard takes a moment during the visit to City Hall to
sign the golden visitors' book, while Dr. Mussallem, Miss Quinn. and Mayor Drapeau
look on.
for the Board, reported that the organiza-
tion has not received enough financial and
membership support to enable it to stand on
its own now that the initial six-year grant
of $150,000 from the W.K Kellogg Foun-
dation has been used.
The CNF was founded to support higher
education for nurses in Canada. It is es-
pecially concerned with helping finance Ca-
nadian nurses for leadership positions with-
in the profession. Since its inception in
1962, CNF has given financial support to a
total of 57 nurses (49 for master's prepa-
ration, 8 for doctoral). The Foundation
awards total about $35.000 annually.
Aside from the Kellogg grant, 1967 fin-
ancial support for the CNF included funds
from the W.B. Saunders Publishing Compa-
ny. Provincial nurses' associations also con-
tributed $12.032 to the scholarship moneys
during the past year, but this was mainly
from two provinces (B.e. $5,477; Sask.
$5,000). The Canadian Nurses' Association
provides office space and facilities and bears
the administrative costs. In addition it is
committed to supplement scholarship funds
to the amount of $30.000 each year for the
current 1966-68 biennium. "The CNA can-
not do more at the present time," reported a
Board member. "It is facing budget cuts
because of its own fee problems," she added.
CNF President M. Jean Anderson com-
mented. "The continuing decline in member-
ship is the real cause for concern. If we
THE CANADIAN NURSE 9
J
news
cannot interest nurses in supporting nursing
education, w
are in a very poor position to
try to solicit money from private concerns
and governments."
She stressed that the Board would direct
all its energies for the coming year into at-
tempting to find additional sources of re-
venue.
Because of the precarious financial situa-
tion and the priority needs of scholars at
the master's and doctoral levels, members
approved a resolution that awards for bac-
calaureate candidates be deferred for at
least another year.
Workshops on Nursing Service
" Highly Successful"
Ottawa. - The six workshops for direc-
tors and assistant directors of nursing ser-
vice sponsored by the Canadian Nurses' As-
sociation during the past year have been
summed up by workshop director Frances
Howard as "highly successfu1."
The final four workshops were held in
Toronto, London, Regina, and Quebec City
during October and November. The topic of
all workshops was "Improvement of Nurs-
ing Service in Hospitals Through the Prob-
lem-Solving Method."
The final workshop was for French-speak-
ing nurses and was held in Quebec City at
the end of November. Guest speakers were
Sister Jeannette Gagnon. s.g.m.. Sister Ber-
nadette Poirier. and Claire Gagnon. Lionel
Desjarlais, counselor in administration and
dean of the faculty of education, University
of Ottawa. was guest consultant.
The Quebec City workshop was attended
by more than 60 nurses but was still largely
oversubscribed. Miss Howard. the CNA con-
sultant in nursing service who was respon
-
ible for the worhhops, is con
idering re-
peating thi
session.
ANPEI Holds 46th Annual
Meeting
MolltaKtlC, P.E.l. - The 46th annual
meeting of the Association of Nurses of
Prince Edward Island was held in Montague,
October 12, 1967, with 96 persons in at-
tendance. The theme for the meeting was
"The Nursing Profession and the Work
World."
In the opening address to the assembly,
the President, Sister Marie Cahill, c.s.m.,
spoke of changes taking place in nursing
programs and in concepts of nursing care.
She urged nurses to meet these changes with
constructive control rather than with resis-
tance.
In line with the theme, a panel discus-
sion was conducted on collective bargaining.
The panel was chaired by Genevieve Mac-
Donald. chairman of the committee on so-
cial and economic welfare of the AN PEl.
1n TLJI: r A lid A......... A... "ul"C'r
Participants on the panel were Charles Mc-
Quaid, Charlottetown lawyer and former
chairman of the P.E.I. Labour Board; J.
Merrill McAlduff, administrative assistant,
Department of Labour and Manpower Re-
sources; Lloyd K. White. president. Interna-
tional Brotherhood of Electrical Workers;
Juanita MacDonald. instructor in nursing,
Charlottetown Hospital; Raymond MacDo-
nald. industrial relations officer. Can.!da
Packers. Charlottetown Branch; and John F.
MacMillan. director of crganization, Cana-
dian Union of Public Employees. Ottawa.
The Minister of Labour and Manpower Re-
SOlirCes. Elmer Blanchard. was present at the
meeting and spoke during the discussion
period.
During the meeting an honorary mem-
bership was conferred on Dorothy M. Per.
cy, who until this year was chief nursing
consultant for the Department of National
Health and Welfare. Over the past 12 years,
Miss Percy has met every request for con-
sultative service to the Association. She gave
special guidance when the psychiatric affi-
liation program was established in 1958 for
all students of nursing in P.E.I. She also
spoke at the national level on behalf of the
Association to maintain a general public
health grant for the employment of a
school of nursing adviser on a part-time
basis. In addition. the Island's nurses wish-
ed to recognize the important influence Miss
Percy has had on the progress of nursing
affairs in Canada.
One portion of the program was devoted
to the release of the report of a Study of
Transition in Nursing Education conducted
during the past year by Harold Rowe. now
research specialist with the Kentucky Re-
se:lfch Coordinating Unit, University of
Kentucky. The findings in the study will
be analyzed by a committee composed of
nurses. physicians, college professors, and
other community leaders. so that a deter-
mination can be made on the use of this in-
formation in planning for the future of
nursing education on the Island.
Guest speaker at the luncheon was Rev-
erend Allan MacDonald. head of the Socio-
logy Department of St. Dunstan's Univer-
sity. who spoke on the topic "Social Justice
and the Nursing profession." Father Mac-
Donald pointed out that responsible collec-
tive bargaining is carried out, not in the
context of power and self-interest, but in
terms of principle and ethics.
Officers, council members, and commit-
tee chairmen for the coming year include:
president, Sister Marie Cahill, c.s.m.; past
president, Alice Trainor; president-elect,
Constance MacFarlane Corbett; vice-presi-
dent, Charlotte Gordon; and secretary-trea-
surer. Helen Curran Bolger.
Nursing Unit Administration
Course Records Successful Year
Ottawa. - The extension course in Nur-
sing Unit Admini
tration, jointly sponsored
by the Canadian Nurses' Association and
the Canadian Hospital Association, was fi-
nancially self-sufficient and able to enlarge
its efforts to provide a continuing education
program for nurses in administrative posi-
tions during 1967.
In a report to the Joint Committee at its
meeting at CNA House in Ottawa early in
November, Dorothy Nelson. director of the
course, reported that 416 students success-
fully completed the 1966-67 program. En-
rollment for the 1967-68 course is 487 stu-
dents. and applications for 1968-69 are al-
ready on file.
The final report on the recently-completed
three-year evaluation project was also pre-
sented to the committee. In the report Mrs.
Nelson stated, "The response to the program
points to the recognition of the need for
continuing education on the part of head
nurses and supervisors and also on the part
of their employers. With ongoing review
and revision of the content and method of
the program. it is hoped that the course may
continue to be helpful to nursing personnel
and thus assisl in an improvement of the
quality of nursing services provided in Ca-
nadian hospitals."
The Nursing Unit Administration exten-
sion course was started in 1960. At that time
a W.K. Kellogg Foundation grant was sup-
plied to run the program for the first four
years. In 1964. the Joint Committee, recog-
nizing that an extensive evaluation project
would be helpful. asked the Foundation if it
might u
e the remaining funds in the ini-
tial grant to evaluate the program. The
Kellogg Foundation granted approval for a
two-phase project that first evaluated the
program and proposed revisions, and then
financed implemcntation of the revisions.
The enrollment to the present is 2.863
nurses, of whom 339 have taken the pro-
gram in French.
500 Saskatchewan Nurses
Attend Collective Bargaining
Workshops
Regilla. - Nearly 500 Saskatchewan
nurses met in small groups throughout the
province during October to discuss collec-
tive bargaining. The Saskatchewan Register-
ed Nurses' Association sponsored the six
one-day workshops to help nurses learn
something of the principles and problems of
collective bargaining.
Glenna Rowsell. nursing consultant in so-
cial and economic welfare for the Canadian
Nurses' Association, conducted the work-
shops. She stressed that the workshops were
not concerned with the current salary ne-
gotiations in the province. "Our concern waS
to interpret how collective bargaining is
progressing in other provinces across Cana-
da, and to discuss how the proposed Bill on
collective bargaining rights for nurses and
nursing assistants. currently being prepared
by the SRNA, would work," she said.
"To have collective bargaining work. it
is necessary to have individual involvement,"
(Colltintlcd Oil paKc 12)
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 11
DECEMBER 1967
news
(C.J1/tinued from pa1!e 10)
she added. "This workshop method helps to
get the individual nurses informed."
CNF Scholarship To
Commemorate Dr. Katherine
MacLaggan
Ottawa. - The Board of Directors of the
Canadian Nurses' Foundation has named an
annual scholarship award in the memory of
Katherine E. MacLaggan, the late president
of the Canadian Nurses' Association. M.
Jean Anderson reported on the decision at
the mid-October annual meeting of the
Foundation.
Miss Anderson said that the CNF Board
authorized the annual award of the Dr.
Katherine E. MacLaggan scholarship for an
outstanding candidate for doctoral study.
The study has been awarded for the 1967-
68 academic year to Shirley M. Stinson of
Tofield, Alberta.
Dr. MacLaggan, who died in February of
this year, had been a charter member and
enthusiastic supporter of the Foundation.
Manitoba Nurses: Are They
Coming Or Going?
Winnipe1!. - Apparently Manitoba loses
just as many registered nurses each year as
it gains through new graduates, out-of-pro-
vince, and out-of-country registrations, ac-
cording to Marlene Caldwell, registrar for
the Manitoba Association of Registered
Nurses. So far the MARN has had no way
of confirming these statistics, except by to-
taling the requests for proof of Manitobd
registration from other nurses' associations.
The MARN hopes to undertake a study
to determine exactly how many nurses are
coming and going, and to find out where the
"greener pastures" are.
In reporting the statistics, the MARN
Bulletin added, "For the present it is suffi-
cient to know that Manitoba is a transient
province as far as nurses are concerned.
The time has come to accept the fact and
take steps to counteract the situation. It is
true that our climate leaves much to be de-
sired. It must be acknowledged, however,
that nurses are leaving Manitoba for rea-
sons other than our cold winters."
RNANS To Sponsor
Librarians' Workshop
Halifax. - The Registered Nurses' Asso-
ciation of Nova Scotia will sponsor a five-
day workshop for non-professional librarians
working in school of nursing libraries on
January 15-19, 1968.
Sister Marie Barbara, vice-president of
RNANS and director of nurses, St. Martha's
Hospital, Antigonish, is directing the pro-
ject and expects that about 35 persons will
12 T E CANADIAN NU SE
participate. Hospital and agency libraries
may also send representatives to the five-
day project.
Margaret Parkin, librarian for the Cana-
dian Nurses' Association Library, will coor-
dinate the workshop, which will include lec-
tures, demonstrations of library tools and
their uses, and discussions on resources and
resource materials. Tours of local libraries
will probably be included.
B.C. Reorganizes
Mental Health Services
Vancouver. - The British Columbia
Mental Health Services Branch has an-
nounced a major reorganization to meet
changing patterns of care for the mentally ill
and retarded. It will no longer be primarily
"service" oriented but will assume increased
responsibility for overall aspects of mental
health planning to facilitate the decentraliza-
tion and regionalization of mental health
programs throughout the province, reports F.
G. Tucker, Deputy Minister of Mental
Health Services.
The positions of Deputy Minister and Di-
rector have been separated. The Director of
Mental Health Services. Dr. H.W. Bridge.
will be located in the Vancouver area, hav-
ing as his responsibility the management of
all mental hospitals and institutions provid-
ing in-patient care, as well as the Mental
Health Centre in Burnaby. The Deputy Min-
ister, Dr. F.G. Tucker, will be located in
Victoria and will have a staff of professio-
nal consultants whose task will be to co-
operate with local authorities, mental health
professionals, universities, public and private
agencies as well as with other government
departments in the development of com-
munity programs.
This central headquarters staff in Victo-
ria will place particular emphasis upon pro-
viding professional counsel for the develop-
ment of community based psychiatric pro-
grams, facilities, and services for mental re-
tardates, comprehensive programs for emo-
tionally disturbed children, integrated ser-
vices for the aged mentally ill, and for the
provision of forensic clinics. Special epide-
miological and sociological studies will be
undertaken; emphasis will be placed on the
collection, analysis, and interpretation of
essential statistical data; ongoing programs
will be continually evaluated; any required
regulations, standards, and such, will be de-
veloped; inservice training, liaison with uni-
versities, organization of seminars, institutes
and workshops for professional groups will
be promoted; and clinical research will be
facilitated.
PEl Nurses Raise Association Fees
Charlottetown. - The Association of
Nurses of Prince Edward Island has appro-
ved a change in bylaws that raises current
practicing membership fees. The change was
approved at the annual meeting in Mon-
tague in October.
Effective January I, 1968, the AN PEl
fee will be raised from $20 to $25; on
January I, 1969, the fee will be raised to
$30.
The Prince Edward Island Association is
the smallest of the provincial nursing asso-
ciations. In 1966. it had 602 members.
NBARN Awards Scholarships
Fredericton. - The New Brunswick As-
sociation of Registered Nurses has awarded
its annual scholarships.
Ruth Symonds. of Marysville, N.R., re-
ceived the "Muriel Archibald Scholarship" of
$1,000. This will assist her to study in the
degree program for registered nurses at the
school of nursing, University of New Bruns-
wick.
"The New Brunswick As
ociation of Reg-
istered Nurses Scholarship" will again be
divided into two awards and two baccalau-
reate nursing students will each receive $500.
Annette Frenette, of Beresford, N.B., is en-
tering the third year of the baccalaureate
degree course in nursing at the University
of Moncton. The other recipient, Carolyn
Wilson, of Stanley, N.B., is in the third
year of her studies toward a bachelor of
nursing degree at the school of nursing,
University of New Brunswick.
These scholarships were inaugurated five
years ago to give financial assistance to
worthy New Brunswick nursing students.
Scholarship recipients are required to work
one year in nursing in New Brunswick fol-
lowing completion of their courses.
AHA Official Applauds Goals
But Disagrees with Method
Toronto. - "Let us communicate to the
nurse leadership our strong support for their
goals, but our disagreement with their cho-
sen method of implementing these goals," a
U.S. hospital association official advised
delegates at the 43rd annual meeting of the
Ontario Hospital Association in Toronto in
October.
Speaking on a panel that discussed the
educational preparation of nurses, Donald
W. Cordes, vice-chairman of the American
Hospital Association's Council of Nursing,
accused nurse educators of emphasizing their
long-term goal of transfering nursing educa-
tion into educational institutions "with seem-
ing total unconcern of the short-term needs
of the sick and injured." Mr. Cordes said
that enrollments and graduations are de-
creasing in the U.S. and even financial in-
centives, such as federal grants, have failed
to attract more students.
The platform and goals of U.S. nursing
leaders have cast serious doubt as to the
quality of educational programs provided by
hospital schools of nursing, according to
Mr. Cordes. At the same time, the junior
colleges have not sufficiently increased in
either quality of instruction or number to
meet the need. he said. As a result, there is
a "tragic reluctance" on the part of high
school graduates to enter hospital schools,
(Continued on page 14)
DECEMBER 1967
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news
(Contillued from page 12)
and there are inadequate junior colleges
available to admit the applicants.
Mr. Cordes said that what is happening in
the U.S. appears to be happening in Canada.
He advised his audience to encourage the
nursing profession to support all types of
programs, including the hospital school of
nursing; to make the hospital school of nur-
sing a "truly educational endeavor"; and to
support nursing programs in the junior or
community colleges, but to recognize that
not all persons desire this type of education.
Other panel members were: Charles I.
Black, chairman, OHA Committee on Hos-
pitals Conducting Schools of Nursing; chair-
man. Dr. J.D. Wallace. executive director.
Toronto General Hospital; Albert W. Wed-
gery, president. RNAO; Stanley W. Martin.
chairman and general manager. Ontario
Hospital Services Commission.
School of Nursing Entrance
Requirements Changed in
Ontario
Torolllo. - Students who graduate from
the Ontario Department of Education's four-
year high school program now will be able
to enter schools of nursing in the province.
Prior to recent legislative changes. the min-
imum qualifications for entry into nursing
has been Grade 12 (junior matriculation) of
the regular five-year course. with certain
required science subjects.
The new regulation under the province's
Nurses' Act, as published in the Ontario
Gazette, now widens the entrance require-
ment to include Grade 12 graduates from
either the four- or five-year streams. How-
ever, students from the four-year program
will be required to have Grade 10 mathema-
tics as well as the necessary sciences, includ-
ing chemistry and physics or biology.
The change was recommended to the
Minister of Health by the College of Nurses
of Ontario, which administers the Nurses'
Act.
Inservice Education
Should be Personalized
Toronto. - If the nurse isn't treated as
an individual, she will be incapable of giving
individual care to her patients, the Nursing
Administration Section of the Ontario Hos-
pital Association was told by panelists at the
OHA annual meeting in October.
Talking about "Inservice. Our Centennial
Project." Anita Germaine. director of nurs-
ing at Scarborough Centenary Hospital,
Scarborough, said that the development of
the nurse as a person is one of the main ob-
jectives of inservice education. The teaching
of nursing skills, another main goal. will be
effective only if the person is treated as an
individual and not as a "cog-in-the wheel,"
she added.
According to Dorothy Rowles. director of
nursing at Ryerson Poly technical Institute.
Toronto, the new graduate of any program
expects that the persons responsible for her
work will be interested in her and will help
her learn what she does not know. This
means that an inservice program from a
central source is not as meaningful as the
assistance that she receives on the unit, Miss
Rowles said.
Panelist Irene Buchan. consultant. Hospi-
tal Nursing, Department of National Health
and Welfare. pointed out that inservice edu-
cation is not intended to be a panacea of edu-
cational needs for all staff. There is a real
danger of professional obsolescence, she said,
and it is up to the individual to keep herself
up-to-date with new developments. Speaking
of the inservice program at York Central
Hospital in Richmond Hill, Ontario. pane-
list M. Wood said that nursing rounds are
considered to be an effective way to keep
nurses conversant with patient care. Pat-
terned after medical rounds. the nursing
rounds give nurses an opportunity to learn
more about their patients and about any new
equipment being used, she said.
Phyllis Norton. assistant director. nursing
service, at The Hospital for Sick Children,
was panel chairman.
Committee to Raise Funds
For Monument to Jeanne Mance
Molltreal. - Nurses. in collaboration with
the Centre Jeanne-Mance of Montreal. have
formed a committee to raise money for a
monument to Jeanne Mance to be erected
near her birthplace in Langres. France. Rev-
erend Mother Allard, r.h.s.j.. of the Hôtel-
Dieu. Montreal, chairman of the Montreal-
Langres Committee, reports that the com-
mittee hopes to raise enough Canadian
funds to support the project.
Since 1934, religious and civil authorities
of Langres have been planning to honor
Jeanne Mance. their compatriot and one of
the founders of nursing in the New World.
Jeanne Mance left Langres in 1641,
after three years of practical experience in
nursing the sick poor there. She came to
New France and was one of the leading sup-
porters of a colony at Montreal. She estab-
lished the first hospital there and was its
administrator, chief nurse, and major fund-
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OHA Symposium on Nursing Education. Donald W.
Cordes, vice-chairman of the American Hospital Associa-
tion's Council on Nursing, spea"s out in favor of hospital
schools of nursing at the Ontario Hospital Association's
43rd annual meeting in Toronto in October.
14 THE CANADIAN NURSE
,
OHA Nursing Administration Section Attracts Large Au-
dience. It was standing room only for many nurses who
attended a panel presentation on "Inservice, Our Centen-
nial Project" at the Ontario Hospital Association'.
nnual
meeting in October. Phyllis Norton was panel chairman.
DECEMBER 1967
news
raiser. until her death in 1673.
The Montreal committee still needs $1500
for the project. The monument is to be
erected in mid-1968. Nurses who wish to
contribute to the monument should send
their donations before 31 December to
Montreal-Langres Committee. c/(1 Centre
Jeanne-Mance. Hôtel-Dieu. 3R40 rue St-
Urbain. Montreal 18. indicating that it is for
the monument in Langres.
Twenty-six Enrolled in RNAO's
Refresher Course for Nurses
Torol/to. - Twenty-six inactive registered
nurses went "back to the books" October 31
when they began a six-week refresher course
sponsored by the Registered Nurses' Asso-
ciation of Ontario and the hospitals of Me-
tropolitan Toronto.
The October course, which provides theory
in nursing and supervised clinical experience.
is a pilot project for Metropolitan Toronto.
According to RNAO executive director Lau-
ra W. Barr. the results of the Toronto ex-
perience will be useful in setting a pattern
for province-wide planning at a later date.
The decision to hold refresher courses to
assist nurses to return to nursing was made
by a joint coordinating committee, represent-
ing the RNAO. the Ontario Hospital Asso-
dation, and the Ontario Hospital Services
Commission. The RNAO appointed Marga-
ret L. Peart to coordinate and conduct the
refresher program during the "pilot" phase.
Pharmaceutical Manufacturers
Donate Medical Kits to CUSO
Ottawa. - Canadian volunteers serving in
40 developing countries will benefit from a
supply of 800 medical kits presented to the
Canadian University Service Overseas. Eight
of the 800 medical kits were handed over at
a ceremony to a group of Canadian nurses
who had just finished a CUSO orientation
course prior to leaving for two years' service
in India.
The kits. valued at more than $40.000.
were organized for CUSO by the Pharma-
ceutical Manufacturers Association of Ca-
nada, which coordinated supplies donated by
its member companies. other manufacturers.
surgical and hospital supply firms. and
wholesale houses.
Further assistance in the project came
from the Department of National Health
and Welfare. which had the kits packaged by
its Emergency Health Services Division. and
from the Royal Canadian Air Force. which
is supplementing commercial freight services.
The kits were presented by E. Glyde
Gregory. president of Ayerst Laboratories
and Chairman of the Board of PMAC, on
behalf of the donating companies. J.N.
Crawford. deputy minister of health. Helen
K. Mussallem, executive director of the
Canadian Nurses' Association, and Hugh
Christie. CUSO executive director. attended
the ceremony.
In making the presentation. Mr. Gregory
paid tribute to CUSO for its "effective and
invaluable role in assisting the social and
economic advancement of so many develop-
ing nations. In Africa, Asia, the Caribbean
and Latin America," he said, "CUSO doc-
tors, nurses, teachers, engineers, agricultu-
ralists, foresters and other qualified person-
nel have earned the gratitude and respect
not only of governments but also, on a more
personal level, of thousands of ordinary
people who have benefited directly from
this most worthwhile program. We as Cana-
dians should also be grateful to these vo-
lunteers for the way in which they are in-
creasing international understanding. and, in
the process of their work, furthering Cana-
da's image abroad."
Mr. Gregory. who launched the initial
CUSO kit project and personnally organ-
ized it for several years. said that foreign
aid constitutes one of the greatest chal-
lenges facing today's industrially-advanced
nations. "It is not a job for governments
alone," he said. "Volunteer assistance backed
by private enterprise. as exemplified in the
CUSO program, is vital, and I am proud
of the part we have been able to play in this
and o!her projects."
Dr. Crawford. noting that CUSO has
the full support of the Canadian govern-
ment, said the Department of National
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 15
news
Health and Welfare was pleased to have
had the opportunity of participating in
such a commendable project.
Each kit contains 35 items - from
Aspirin, Gantrisin, and ointments to Band-
aids, elastic bandages, and insect repellent
- designed to provide early treatment for
and protection against many common con-
ditions. The kits are used by volunteers
to maintain their own health during service
overseas, and. in the more remote areas,
to provide emergency treatment and first-
aid for loc:!l co-workers and students.
Expo Wind-up
MOlltreal. - In spite of poor weather
and the bus strike in Montreal, some 60
guests attended the reception given by the
Canadian Nurses' Association on October
17 at the Man and His Health pavilion
at Expo 67. The party was organized to
thank hospitals and nurses' associations for
their contribution to the organization of
the nursing services booth in the pavilion.
Hospitals and agencies in the area had
provided lodgings and had hosted the staff
for the booth during the fair.
Guest
had the opportunity to admire
photographs taken of the nurses' booth
during the world exhibition and to look
through the visitors' guest book. Sister Mary
Felicitas, CN A president. praised the per-
formance of the nurses at the station and
thanked all who had participated. A sym-
bolic silver spoon with the Association's
emblem was presented to each of the
student and registered nurses who served
at the nurses' station during the six-month
exhibition.
Alice Girard. president of the Interna-
tional Council of Nurses, Sheila Quinn.
executive director designate of ICN, Lyle
Creelman, senior nurse for World Health
Organization, and Helen K. Mussallem,
executive director of CNA. represented
nurses' associations at the reception. Carlton
B. Pierce, medical consultant for the Theme
Pavilion, Michel Jutras, manager of exhibi-
tions at the Man and His Health Pavilion,
and Rita Lussier and Viola Aboud, co-
ordinators of the nurses' station. were
present on behalf of Expo 67. Norman
Lupovich, president of White Sister Uniform
Company, and Otto Rabb, of Siemens
Medical of Canada, co-sponsors with CNA
of the nurses' booth. were among the
guests.
All the months of preparation, collabor-
ation, and exchanges ended up in an at-
mosphere of gaiety and satisfaction.
Coronary Monitoring
Seminar at MCH
Montreal. - The establishment of cor-
onary monitoring units was the topic of a
16 THE CANADIAN NURSE
two-day seminar held October 16 and 17 at
The Montreal General Hospital. Sponsored
by the nursing department of the hospital,
the seminar was attended by 70 nurses
from English-language hospitals in Montreal
and surrounding areas.
Members of medical staff discussed the
philosophy behind a coronary monitoring
unit, described technical aspects and equip-
ment, and demonstrated responses to life-
endangering arrythmias.
Nursing staff from the unit at The
Montreal General described principles of
staffing and recruitment. special orientation
progrems for new staff, ongoing educa-
tional programs, physical selUp and environ-
ment. and procedures and nursing care of
the patient. Films, slides, and visual aids
were used and delegates toured the unit
as part of the seminar.
A role playing session illustrated the
admission of a patient to the unit. detection
of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation,
and subsequent treatment.
The emphasis during the two days center-
ed on prophylaxis of cardiac arrythmias.
Canadian Rehabilitation Council
Honors Montreal Agency
Toronto. - Recreation for the Handi-
capped, Inc., a Montreal agency providing
recreation programs for the disabled. has
received the annual Reader's Digest Award.
which honors those who have contributed
in the field of rehabilitation.
Given for distinguished service in de-
veloping and expanding a community re-
habilitation program during 1966-1967. the
award was presented by E.P. Zimmerman,
President of the Reader's Digest Association
(Canada) Limited. at the fifth annual meet-
ing of the Canadian Rehabilitation Council
for the Disabled, October 20.
Accepting the framed certificate together
with the cheque for $500. which accom-
panies the award, was Mrs. John S. Corbett.
of Montreal. president of the Recreation
for the Handicapped Inc.
In selecting this agency. the Canadian
Rehabilitation Council for the Disabled
departed from its usual practice of accepting
nominations for the award from agencies
and individuals working in the field of
rehabilitation across Canada. The Council
Board of Directors felt that Recreation for
the Handicapped Inc. had, through its
services to all the disabled in Canada in
this Centennial year, merited the honor
beyond any doubt.
Started as a pilot project of the Montreal
Council of Social Agencies in 1957, the
agency works through existing recreational
facilities to plan and provide programs
specially suited to the physically disabled.
In the past seven years its services have
enlarged to meet the increased number of
requests from the handicapped who wish
to live as full and as normal a life as
possible.
The Canadian Rehabilitation Council,
which acts as the coordinating body for
more than 20 rehabilitation organizatIons
across Canada, was formed in 1962. It
was a merger of all provincial agencies
caring for Canada's crippled children
through receipt of annual Easter Seal
Funds, and those whose programs are
directed toward rehabilitation of the adult
disabled (March of Dimes or Mothers'
March agencies). The Council acts as the
national spokesman to all levels of govern-
ment and the general public on behalf of
the physically handicapped adult and child
in this country.
Three Western Provinces
To Participate In
International Health Study
VallcoU\'er. - British Columbia, Alberta,
and Saskatchewan will participate in a
seven-nation international study on utiliza-
tion of medical care now underway under
the chairmanship of Dr. Kerr White of
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Mary-
land. The study, which will include a
computer analysis of masses of statistical
data, will take three years.
The goals of the study have been
specified in hypotheses relating to medical
resources and utilization of health personnel,
morbidity and physician consultation. mor-
bidity and nurse consultation, morbidity and
drug use, social position and attitudes to
utilization, and other factors.
The British Columbia study will be
undertaken by the B.C. Health Resources
Council. a group representing the health
professions, provincial government. and
schools and faculties associated with the
health professions at the University of
B.c.
A special study had been planned pre-
viously by the Council as an in-depth
investigation of the availability and utiliza-
tion of all health resources in two typical
B.C. communities. The Council has approved
joining the B.c. study to the international
study and believes that both will benefit.
The resources study will be conducted
from May I to Sept. I, 1968, by a group
of UBC pharmacy, dental, and medical
students.
They will make a detailed census of all
health workers and facilities in the area,
and by means of questionnaires, will
attempt to establish the total number of
man-hours available for personal health
care, the time given to each patient, and
the length of time patients must wait for
appointments with doctors and dentists.
A household survey will be conducted
by two teams, each composed of 12 inter-
viewers and supervisors. Each team will
interview members of 250 families in each
of four six-week periods spread over the
12 months beginning May I, 1968. Each
interview will take about an hour. 0
DECEMBER 1967
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THE PARKE-DAVIS FAMILY OF ANTICONVULSANTS
for grand mal and for the petit mal triad
psychomotor seizures Zarontin@
Dilantin@ (ethosuximide)
Milontin @
(diphenylhydantoin sodium)
<90-1 t- (phensuximide)
I an I n with phenobarbital
(diphenylhydantoin sodium, 0.1 Gm.; for status epilepticus
phenobarbital,
gr.) and seizure control
<9Phelantin@ during neurosurgery
(diphenylhydantoin, 0.1 Gm.; phenobarbital,
gr.; Oilantin Steri-Vial@
desoxyephedrine hydrochloride, 2.5 mg.)
for psychomotor seizures (diphenylhydantoin sodium)
and the petit mal triad Full information available on request
Celontin@ I PARKE-DAVIS I
(methsuximide)
p........[ I:JA",S 6- COJo'l
"''''T LJD "'ON-"L"'L" CP.lsO-11
nl'rl'l\ARa:Ð 1QI".7 Tl-la: rAN Ani AN NIIR..F 17
names
The Canadidn Nurses' Association lost
a valuable staff member last month when
June I. Ferguson, public relations officer,
left to get married.
Miss Ferguson was CNA's first public
relations officer. Before coming to the
Association in 1962. she worked in public
relations and sales promotion for Air
Canada; with Public and Industrial Rela-
tions Ltd. in Toronto; and as press
representative for CJOH television, Ottawa.
Dr. Helen Mussallem, executive director
of CNA, commended Miss Ferguson's work
over the past five years. "Through her
vitality, ingenuity, and intelligence. she has
added lustre to the image of the nursing
profession and its organizations as a vital.
creative body committed to the improve-
ment of health:' she said.
"A public relations person is responsible
for obtaining public acceptance of the
Association's beliefs and enlisting public
support for its endeavors," Dr. MussaUem
continued. "Mi
s Ferguson's lively, outgoing,
warm personality and her ability to
establish rapport with people have been
invaluable assets in establishing a good
image for the nursing profession and its
associations in Canada."
Miss Ferguson considers communications
with nurses themselves to have been her
most important ta
k. "The nursing profes-
sion must know at aU times where it is
going and why, if it is to continue to
advance as the concept of nursing ad-
vances," she said.
To help nurses work together in pro-
moting the aims and objectives of the
Association, Miss Ferguson has worked
closely with the provincial aSSOCiations.
edited the monthly CN A Blillctill. writtcll
in THE CANADIAN NURSE, and directed
information to national magazines, tele-
vision, radio, and press.
Sheila Quinn, exec-
utive director desig-
nate of the Inter-
national Council of
Nurses. spent one
week in October at
the Canadian Nurses'
Association headquar-
ters in Ottawa. The
main purpose of her
visit was to consult with Dr. MussaUem,
executive director of CNA. about arrange-
ments for the ICN Congre
s to be held
in Montreal in June, 1969.
The theme of the 14th Quadrennial
Congress will be "Focus on the Future."
...
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18 THE CANADIAN NURSE
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A "farewell" tea was held for June I. Ferguson, CNA public relations officer,
before she left CNA to embart. on her new career - marriage. Dr. Helen K.
Mussallem (right), CNA executive director, made the presentation.
The basic problems of nursing are the
same the world over, Miss Quinn said,
and this topic wiU encompass three broad
areas of concern: nursing education, social
and economic welfare of nurses, and
nursing service.
"The ICN is not a standard-setting body,
but one of its main purposes is to provide
an international forum for discussion," Miss
Quinn said. "There are many different
philosophies of nursing held by nurses
throughout the world." she added. "ICN,
however, has formulated a broad definition
of a nurse to be used as a criterion for
eligibility of membership within the ICN."
Sixty-three countries and more than
800,000 nurses are members of the ICN.
About 12,000 persons are expected to at-
tend the 1969 congress. almost twice the
number that attended the 1965 congress
in Frankfurt, Germany. Mis
Quinn said.
Dr. Mussallem will travel to ICN head-
quarters in Geneva, Switzerland in February
1968 to discuss the program of the 1969
congress with the ICN permanent executive
and the board of directors.
Victorine Leclair has been awarded the
Marjorie Hiscott Keyes White Cross Medal
given this year by the Canadian Mental
Health Association to "the psychi.ltric nurse
in Quebec who most nearly approaches the
ideal through demonstration of interest, un-
derstanding and warmth of personality in
daily contact with the mentally ill."
Miss Leclair received her basic and psy-
chiatric nursing training at I'Hôpital Saint-
Je,jß-de-Dieu in Gamelin, Quebec. She stu-
died psychiatric nursing, teaching, and ad-
ministration in Washington, D.C. from
1953-54 on a Gilchrist Scholarship, and re-
ceived her Bachelor of Science in Nursing
Education at I'Institut Marguerite d'You-
ville, Montreal. in 1962.
Miss Leclair has nursed in Drummond-
viii. Chicago. Washington, and Montreal.
She has taught at I'Hôpital Saint-Jean-de-
Dieu and I'Institut Marguerite d'YouviUe
and is now teaching at the Maisonneuve
Hospital.
Helene M. Lamont
recently retired after
18 years as director of
nursing of the Royal
Victoria Hospital,
Montreal.
A graduate of the
Royal Victoria Hospi-
tal, Miss Lamont ob-
tained a B.N. degree
from McGill University in 1949. She held
the positions of operating room head nurse,
supervisor of out-patient department, and
medical supervisor, before attaining her
present post in 1949.
Twice winner of the Royal Victoria Hos-
pital scholarship for advanced study, Miss
DECEMBER 1967
..
\
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Lamont also has been active in the Asso-
ciation of Nurses of the Province of Que-
bec. acting as vice-president and president
of the association.
Dorothy M. Percy has received the first
Doctor of Nursing degree awarded by the
University of Ottawa. The honorary degree
was conferred by Mme Georges P. Vanier,
chancellor of the university. at the fall
convocation.
In presenting Miss Percy for the degree
of Doctor of Nursing, "01lOri.
causa, Sister
Françoise Robert said. "Dorothy May
Percy achieves this high distinction not
only because of her great personal attain-
ments amI contributions to the develop-
ment of this calling. but because. in the
eyes of her peers and of the University,
she embodies that tradition of vigorous
and progressive perseverence that for
almost 330 years has kept Canada In the
vanguard of nursing leadership.
"Canada's place at the forefront of the
profession is due in I,age measure to
Dorothy Percy pelsonally. and to others
of her stature. During 43 years of devoted
practice she has served as head nurse in
two major hospitals, helped direct a major
nursing order. lectured at university, risen
to the rank of Matron in w.lr service,
occupied positions of gre,1I influence in
the public service, and represented the
country at nursing congresses abroad.
Today a rich harvest of love and affection
surrounds a woman whose every heartbeat
has been of compassion. concern. and
dedication."
Ruth E. McClure, director of the Univer-
sity of Alberta School of Nursing, Edmon-
ton. has announced several new appoint-
ments to the faculty. Mavis K. Chittick,
formerly supervisor of Rockyview Hospital.
Calgary, has been named assistant professor.
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Dorothy M. Percy, jwt before receiving an honorary Doctorate in Nursing -
the Univenity's fint - from University of Ottawa. With Miss Percy (left) are
Madame Georges P. Vanier, Chancellor of ,he UnÏ\'ersity; Rev. Dr. Roger
Guindon, OMI, Rector; and Mr. J. Alphonse Ouimet, Mr. Ouimet also received
an honorary dQClOrate in social sciences at the University's fall convocation.
Since receiving a Master of Nursing degree
in 1957 from the Yale University School of
Nursing, Miss Chittick has taught at the
Calgary General Hospital School of Nursing
and at the McGill University School for
Graduate Nurses.
Barbara J. Dobbie, Evangeline Vinge, and
Irene M. Bell have been appointed as lec-
turers. Miss Dobbie. who will lecture on
maternal and child health, received a diplo-
ma in maternal and child health teaching
and supervision from the McGill University
School for Graduate Nurses. She formerly
taught pediatrics at the Calgary General
Hospital and the Royal Alexandra Hospital.
Edmonton. Miss Vinge received a Bachelor
of Science in Nursing from the University
of British Columbia in 1962. She has since
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Eight CUSO nurses en route for two-year assignments in India.
Dorothy Friesen, Judith Friend, Carol Preece, Karol Johnson,
Maria Holubowsky, Hazel Grant, and Margaret Cockman.
DECEMBER 1967
Left to right:
Alice Mader,
worked for the Victorian Order of Nurses
in Port Arthur and Montreal and for the
Edmonton Board of Health. Miss Bell work-
ed for four years as a clinical instructor
and as a basic sciences instructor at the
University of Alberta Hospital. She has also
been employed by Simpsons-Sears in Calga-
ry as an industrial nurse.
\
,
\
On October 29, eight Canadi.m nurses
flew to India to begin two years nursing
service abroad. They are being sponsored
by Canadian University Service Overseas,
a private but government-assisted organiz-
ation founded in 1961 that now fields 860
professionals and university graduates in
40 developing countries in Africa, Asia,
Latin America, and the Caribbean.
After undergoing an intensive orientation
program in Delhi, the nurses were assigned
this month to family planning centers and
schools of nursing in northern India. They
are employed and paid by the Indian
government.
The girls represent a cross section of
the provinces. Margaret Ann Cockman and
Maria Holubowsky are 1966 graduates of
St. Michael's School of Nursing, Toronto.
Karol Johnson is a 1966 graduate and
Dorothy Friesen is a 1967 graduate of
Vancouver General Hospital School of
Nursing. Hazel Grant graduated this year
from the Children's Hospital School of
Nursing in Halifax. Judith Friend is a
1966 graduate of Kitchener-Waterloo
School of Nursing. Carol Preece, a 1964
graduate of SI. Michael's School of Nursing,
Lethbridge, Alberta, has had one year of
obstetrical and two years of pediatric
experience. After graduating in 1962 from
St. Joseph's Hospital School of Nursing,
Hamilton, Ontario, Alice Mader worked in
neurosurgery at the Boston New England
Medical Center.
THE CANADIAN NURSE
19
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20 THE CANADIAN NURSE
dates
December 4-6, 1967
First Canadian Conference on Hospi-
tal-Medical Staff Relations, sponsored
jointly by the Canadian Medical As-
sociation, Canadian Hospital Asso-
ciation, Canadian Nurses' Association
Seigniory Club, Montebello, Quebec. '
December 7-8, 1967
Surgical Ward Nursing course, Christ-
mas Seal Auditorium, 10th Ave. and
Willow St., Vancouver 9. Fee $20. To
inquire about late registration write:
Department of Continuing Medical
Education. The University of British
Columbia, Vancouver 8; or phone
228-3250.
January 18-20 r 1968
Royal College of Physicians and
Surgeons of Canada, annual meeting,
Royal York Hotel, Toronto. For inform-
ation write: 74 Stanley Ave.. Ottawa.
February 11-16, 1968
Institute for Intensive Care Nurses
Joseph Brant Memorial Hospital, Bur
lington, Onto For further information
write: Miss B. Davidson, Director of
Nursing, Joseph Brant Memorial Hos-
pital, Burlington, Onto
February 18-22, 1968
Association of Operating Room
Nurses, 15th annual national con-
gress. War Memorial Auditorium,
Boston, Mass. For further information
write: AORN National Headquarters,
575 Madison Ave., New York, N.Y.,
10022.
May, 1968
Ontario Hospital, Kingston, Nurses'
Alumnae 1968 Reunion. All interested
graduates please write Miss Marie
Peters, Ontario Hospital, Kingston.
May 6-10, 1968
Ontario Medical Association, annual
meeting, Royal York Hotel, Toronto.
For information write: Dr. Glenn
Sawyer, General Secretary, Ontario
Medical Association, 244 St. George
St., Toronto 5.
May 13-16, 1968
Canadian Public
annual meeting,
Vancouver, B.C.
May 13-17, 1968
St. Boniface General Hospital St.
Boniface, Manitoba, class of '1933
reunion. For further particulars con-
tact Mrs. Mary (Lauder) Isbell, Nursing
Health Association,
Hotel Vancouver,
Service, St. Boniface General Hospital,
St. Boniface 6, Manitoba.
May 13-17, 1968
American Nurses' Association. bien-
nial convention. Memorial Colosseum,
Dallas, Texas.
June 2-24 r 1968
The seventh annual residential sum-
mer course on alcohol and addiction
co-sponsored by Laurentian Universit;
and the Addiction Research Founda-
tion. Admissions controlled to ensure
balanced representation from all pro-
fessional levels. Enrolment limited to
80. Location: Laurentian University.
Sudbury, Ontario. For information
write: Summer Course director Educa-
tion Division, Addiction Resear
h Foun-
dation, 344 Bloor Street, W., Toronto
4, Ontario.
June 17-20, 1968
Canadian Conference on Social Wel-
fare, Skyline Hotel, Ottawa.
June 17-21, 1968
Canadian Medical Association, 101 st
annual meeting, Saskatchewan Hotel,
Regina, Sask. For information write:
Dr. A.F.W. Peart, General Secretary,
CMA, 150 St. George St.. Toronto 5,
Onto
June 20-22, 1968
Canadian Psychiatric Association, 18th
annual meeting, Regina, Sask. For
information write: Dr. W.A. Blair,
Secretary, CPA, Suite 103, 225 Lisgar
St., Ottawa 4.
July 8-12 r 1968
Canadian Nurses' Association General
Meeting to be held in the Saskatoon
Centennial Auditorium, Saskatoon,
Saskatchewan.
August 12-17, 1968
7th International Congress on Mental
Health, London, England. For informa-
tion write: World Federation for
Mental Health, Regional U.S. Office,
Suite 716, 124 E. 28th St., New York.
N.Y., 10016.
August 25-31, 1968
5th International Congress of Physical
Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hotel,
Montreal, Quebec. Fee: $40 for para-
medical personnel. For information.
write: Dr. Bernard Talbot, Secretary
General, 5th International Congress
of Physical Medicine, 6300 Darling-
ton Ave., Montreal, Quebec.
DECEMBER 1967
'-
Because SANEEN diapers are much more absorbent than cloth, fewer changes are necessary.
Using this newest
diapering technique
is like having
extra help
in the nursery
More and more hospitals are di
covering that the use of
SANEEN Flush-a-byes disposable diapers has improved
their diapering technique.
Efficiency - Because SANEEN diapers are several times
more absorbent than cloth, fewer diaper and bedding
changes are necessary. Nursing time is saved as SANEEN
diapers are pre-packed, pre-folded, ready for use at the
bassinet. They take less storage space. And laundry
loads are reduced.
Reduced Costs - Because SANEEN diapers save on
laundry, they are comparable in cost to cloth diapers.
Hygiene - SANEEN diapers are free of pathogenic
organisms - need not be autoclaved. Used only once,
they eliminate a major source of cross-infection.
Comfort - SANEEN diapers are exceptionally soft and
specially designed to provide a snug fit, thus preventing
seepage. Their high absorbency keeps moisture away
from the baby's skin, allowing the skin to breathe
comfortably. Also, diaper rash from harsh laundry
additives is eliminated. Judge for yourself.
Write us and we will have a representative analyse your
requirements and arrange a trial supply for your hospital.
Use these other fine Saneen Products to complete your
disposable program: PERI-WIPES, CELLULOSE WIPES, SWABS, BED
PAN DRAPES, MEDICAL TOWELS, EXAMINATION SHEETS AND GOWNS.
aneen
comfort. safety. convenience
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lE Subsidiary of Canadian International Paper Company c:!p "Saneen". "Flush a.byes",H), "Pen-wipes" T.Ms. Facelle Company LImIted
THE CANADIAN NURSE 21
DECEMBER 1967
new products
{
Descriptions are based on information
supplied by the manufacturer and are
provided only as a service to readers.
Nefrolan
(POULENC)
Description - An oral diuretic and anti-
hypertensive prescribed for edema of varied
etiology. cardiac failure, or hypertension.
Nefrolan is available in tablets of 10 and
25 mg.
Dosage - Dosage. frenquency, and dura-
tion of administration must be adjusted
according to patients' needs. Adults: For
edemas or cardiac failure, 25 to 50 mg.
daily on alternate days or on 3 consecutive
days per week; in rare cases, daily dosage
may reach 100 mg. Maintenance doses of
10, 20, or 25 mg. daily may be adequate.
For hepatic cirrhosis, 25 to 75 mg. daily
for three to four days, occasionally increased
to 100 mg. A potassium supplement should
always be given. For hyperte'lsion, 10 mg.
daily should be tried initially and the dose
increased to 20 mg. if the response is in-
adequate.
As Nefrolan may cause potassium deple-
tion. daily ingestion of fruits rich in potas-
sium is suggested. Patients treated with
Nefrolan for more than two to three weeks
should be subjected to frequent monitoring
of serum potassium. chloride. and bicarbon-
ate levels. Supplements of potassium should
be given when indicated.
Spironolactone may be associated with
Nefrolan when the urinary output of sodium
chloride is low and there is reason to sus-
pect aldosteronism.
Contraindications - In general, the same
as for thiazide diuretics; also contraindicated
in adrenal insufficiency, renal impairment,
and severe hepatic disease.
Side actions - Anorexia, particularly in
ambulant patients, and nausea are frequent
side effects. As diuretic doses, a few cases
of urticada have been reported. Nefrolan
may cause a lowered serum potassium and,
in rare instances, a hypochloremic and hypo-
kalemic alkalosis proceeding to tetany. The
drug may increase blood uric acid and pre-
cipitate an attack of gout in predisposed pa-
tients. The loss of body fluid may cause
thirst, frequency of micturition, cO:1stipation,
and dryness of the lips.
Precautions - In heart disease, a low-
ered blood potassium increases the sensi-
tivity of the myocardium to digitalis. If
the urinary output is insufficient, treatment
should be discontinued. Nefrolan should be
used with caution for patients predisposed
to gout. It should not be administered to
children or to women during the first tri-
mester of pregnancy.
For further information write: Poulenc
Limited, 8580 Esplanade, Montreal II.
22 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Mammary Prosthesis
(DOW CORNING SILICONES)
Description - A medical-grade silicone
elastomer prosthesis for use following sub-
cutaneous mastectomy. This prosthesis is
larger than standard, to compensate for the
tissue removed in subcutaneous mastectomy.
The greater size is achieved by increased
quantity of silicone gel, while the size of the
envelope does not differ from that of the
standard size.
The prosthesis consists of a silicone elas-
tomer envelope containing a translucent sili-
cone gel that closely approximates the soft-
ness, fluid-like mobility, and weight of the
normal breast. The specific gravity of sili-
cone gel is .98 while that of breast tissue
is approximately .94.
The prosthesis retains initial softness while
resisting absorption or degeneration, and is
inert and essentially nonreactive to body
tissue.
Four dacron net patches on the back of
the prosthesis permit tissue fixation to
chest wall. Inverted circumferential seam
construction minimizes edge palpability.
The Silastic mammary prosthesis is sup-
plied clean and ready-to-sterilize with indi-
vidual plastic templates designed to serve as
guides in dissection. Extra-fill mammary
prostheses are available in large. medium
and small sizes through Down Bros., Mayer
& Phelps. and The Stevens Companies
across Canada.
Further information may be obtained
from Dow Corning Silicones Ltd., I Tippet
Rd., Downsview P.O., Metropolitan Toron-
to. Ont.
Duo-Medihaler
(RIKER)
Description - An aerosol combination
that provides symptomatic relief of dyspnea
resulting from bronchospasm and/or con-
gestion and edema of the respiratory mu-
cosa. It is an aerosol combination of 4.0
mg. of isoproterenol hydrochloride and 6.0
mg. of phenylephrine bitartrate in an inert
mixture of sorbitan trioleate, cetylpyridinium
chloride, and f1uorochlorohydrocarbons as
propellants.
Indications - Dyspnea, resulting from
bronchospasm, congestion of the respiratory
mucosa, and edema frequently encountered
in acute bronchial asthma and other allergic
tates, and chronic bronchial asthma.
Dosage - Only one or two inhalations
are usually required. Allow at least two
minutes to elapse between inhalations. The
least number of inhalations that produce
relief should be used on subsequent oc-
casions.
Contraindications - Duo- Medihaler
should be used with great care in the
presence of cardiac diseases, diabetes mel-
litus, hypertension, hyperthyroidism, and
tuberculosis.
Side effects - Overdosage with isopro-
terenol may produce palpitation, tachycardia,
and tremulousness, while overdosage with
phenylephrine may produce cardiac irregular-
ities, central nervous system disturbances,
and reflex bradycardia.
For further information write: Riker Phar-
maceutical Co. Ltd., 3214 Wharton Way,
Cooksville. Ontario.
ProSobee
(MEAD JOHNSON)
Description - A concentrated liquid
milk substitute made from water, sugar,
soy protein isolate, corn syrup solid
and
added vitamins and minerals. Each 100 cc.
supplies 135 calories; each fluid ounce
supplies 40 calories.
Indications - ProSobee may be used as
a formula for infants allergic to milk, and
infants with galactosemia; as a milk sub-
stitute for children and adults with an al-
lergy or poor tolerance to milk; as a diag-
nostic test food when milk allergy is sus-
pected.
Administration - Feedings for infants
In the home: Feed as 20 cal./fl.oz. form-
ula in sufficient quantity to satisfy the hun-
ger and nutritional needs of the infant.
ProSobee concentrated liquid is diluted with
equal amounts of water. In the hospital:
ProSobee feedings may be used as a 20 cal./
fl.oz. formula, or, if more dilute feedings
are desired, they may be prepared as fol-
lows: 1 part ProSobee to 2 parts water (13
cal./fl.oz.) I part ProSobee to I 1/2 parts
water (16 cal./fl.oz.). Either terminal heat-
ing or an aseptic method of forn1Ula prepar-
ation may be used in preparing ProSobee
feedings for infants.
Milk substitute for children and adults
ProSobee may be used to replace milk as
a beverage or in cooking. Two parts Pro-
Sobee concentrated liquid is added to one
part water.
Precaution - Prepared formula should
be refrigerated and used same day or next.
For further information write: Mead
Johnson Laboratories, 1) I St. Clair Ave.,
W.. Toronto 7, Ontario.
DECEMBER 1967
Save hours of your time D 1 1 @
by replacing the enema with... U CO ax .Suppositories
.
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Even modern enema equipment is cumbersome and time-
consuming to assemble. Irrigation poles, bags. tubing,
bedpans-all must be drawn from Central Supply, in-
spected and brought to the bedside. It cuts into your valu-
able morning time and becomes a real burden when you
have several patients needing enemas.
And, more often than not, your patients are distressed at
the prospect of discomfort and loss of dignity-especially
the elderly, the seriously iII, or postpartum and post-
surgical patients.
Dulcolax (brand of bisacodyl)
Dulcolax Suppositories 10 mg
Dulcolax Suppositories for Children 5 mg
Dulcolax Tablets 5 mg
DECEMBER 1967
,
....
"
Dulcolax Suppositories offer a sure, simple way to elimi-
nate the enema routine. One small suppository is inserted
in seconds. You like the simplicity and convenience-
patients are grateful to be spared the ordeal of an enema.
Dulcolax Suppositories usually act in 15 minutes to 1 hour,
so you can time evacuations and reduce accidents. You
can finish the whole ward in less time, with less effort,
less soiled linen.
Boehringer Ingelheim Products
Division of Geigy (Cdnada) Limited, Montreal
B-5113-65
THE CANADIAN NURSE 23
in a capsule
Champagne corks injure amateurs
A British medical journal, the Lancet,
recently reported an interesting physiolo-
gical development that has sociological im-
plications. In the past four years, eight
cases of eye injury caused by champagne
corks have been treated in one London
hospital. This appears to be a modern
malady, as a search of hospital records
revealed only one other such case, in 1936.
Lancet advances two theories for the
rising incidence of this ailment. The first
is the amount of champagne being consum-
ed. In 1957, 2,950,291 bottles were pur-
chased and in 1965, more than 5,181,000
were bought. The second has more profound
sociological import. English butlers, the
traditional openers of champagne bottles,
are virtually extinct. One London head-
waiter reports that in 47 years of service,
witnessing an average of 150 champagne
bottles being opened in a day, he never
heard of one eye being bopped by a cork.
Foersoeksd-Jurisombudsman?
Medical experimenters in Sweden who
use animals as their subjects may be forced
to use the blackmarket in future if a mil-
itant animal lover group is granted its
demands. Not content with their ombuds-
man who defends citizens against encroach-
ments on their rights by government and
law, they have requested from the minis-
ter of justice in Stockholm an animal om-
budsman to punish those who lure or
steal domestic animals to sell to institutions
for medical experiments. - The Ottawa
Citizen (AP) Sept. 19, 1967.
Spray away
Does it sometimes seem that everything
enjoyable or useful is automatically harm-
ful too? In an obvious attempt to place
hair spray in that category, Drs. Om P.
Sharma and M. Henry Williams, Jr., of the
Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New
York, conducted pulmonary function stu-
dies on 62 beauty-salon employees who had
worked for more than two years.
Well, you can spray away with a clear
conscience. Inhalation of h'air spray is ap-
parently harmless and causes neither lung
disease nor other damage to the lungs. Al-
though certain investigators have proposed
that a type of pulmonary disease, known es
thesaurosis, is caused by hair sprays, the
present study revealed no radiologic evi-
dence of this condition in any of the
beauty operators. No abnormality of pulmo-
nary function was found.
Of course the pressurized cans are still
24 THE CANADIAN NURSE
explosive when placed near heat and the
spray itself is harmful to the eyes. - Ap-
plied Therapeutics. July. 1967.
A hiccup remedy that works
No more will doctors have to prescribe
hiccup remedies such as swallowing ice,
holding the tongue and pressing on the eye-
balls.
I get fever
Is there a medical reason for teenage
girls faIling unconscious during a perform-
ance of their favorite hit tunes? The Max
Planck Institute for Brain Research in Goet-
tingen, Germany, suggests that the answer
may be "yes." They have found that the
pounding rhythms of modern pop music
can cause mental stress that unnaturally in-
fluences heartbeat, precipitates increased se-
cretion of adrenalin, and, in extreme cases.
leads to collapse of the circulatory system.
- German Features, III: 37, Sept. 22.
The Journal of the American Medical As-
sociation reports an almost foolproof cure
called pharyngeal stimulation. A flexible
tube inserted into a nostril stimulates nerves
in the pharynx by jerky, back-and-forth
movements of the tubing.
The process worked in 84 of 85 cases,
report three physicians at the University of
Chicago School of Medicine and a fourth
colleague from the faculty of medicine at
Cairo University, United Arab Republic.
Þ )\'1
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--
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"You've developed a rare fungus - found mostly on flowers"
DECEMBER 1967
When you specify Sterilon irrigation trays...
you get a choice of piston or bulb syringe
STERILON'S #215 Irrigation Tray is equipped
with a piston syringe; the #216 comes with a bulb
syringe. You decide which is most applicable to
your preferred technique. But the convenience
of choice is only one of the features that make
Sterilon irrigation trays among the finest. In
addition to either the bulb or piston syringe,
each unit contains a waterproof underpad, a
rigid 1200 cc high clarity polypropylene drainage
tray, a 500 cc graduated solutions container and
-
s"t"."'"O"1
cover, a protective sheath that serves as a drain-
age tube connector cover, and an antiseptic
towelette. In short, everything is where you
need it when you need it.
Since all the components are completely
disposable, you never have to clean up after
you use them. In addition, cross-infection or
contamination is virtually eliminated. Specify
the #215 or #216 from Sterilon... you'll specify
the finest.
STERILON CORPORATION' A subsidiary of The Gillette Company, 1505 Washington St., Braintree, Mass. 02184
STERILON OF CANADA, LTD.' A subsidiary of The Gillette Company, 836 Rangeview Rd., Port Credit, Ontario
....
..".....:...,..
.--
-
-......
--
-
As with all sterile disposable items, the packaging should always
be checked If the packaging Is damaged or the seal is broken,
the product should not be considered sterile.
..,-........
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Cat. No. 215 with piston syringe
Cat. No. 216 with bulb syringe
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26 THE CANADIAN NURSE
When the
call is for IIStat. II
diagnostic findings
. . . you can rely on AM ES tests for immediate
results in which you can have the utmost
confidence. For example:
LABSTIX. Reagent Strips: provide the broadest urine
screening possible from a single reagent strip test; you get
5 basic uro-analytical facts in 30 seconds-pH; protein;
glucose; ketones (acetone and acetoacetic acid), and occult
blood. The new firm, clear, plastic reagent strip permits
precise, reproducible readings in all 5 diagnostic areas.
DEXTROSTIX * Reagent Strips: provide a blood glucose
determination in just 60 seconds with only one drop of
capillary blood. DEXTROSTIX is invaluable in diabetic
screening and management, and in emergency situations
such as differential diagnosis of diabetic coma. This
"true-glucose" method is also useful in a variety of clinical
situations where rapid and accurate blood glucose
estimations are needed.
CliNITEST* Reagent Tablets-provide a quick. reliable.
quantitative estimate of urine sugar. Testing with
CLiNITEST has special significance for the hard-to-control
diabetic, the newly diagnosed patient, or in diabetes when
insulin, other medication or diet is being adjusted.
Reliable Reproducible Results
AMES tests are easy to perform and require no elaborate
laboratory apparatus. They are designed to provide depend-
able clues to abnorm31 condition5 when rapid findings are
necessary. Re3gents employed in each strip are precisely
controlled to provide uniformity in composition. Accurate,
reliable reproducible readings are thus assured. Ready inter-
pretation of results is permitted through the precise matching
of colour changes observed after testing, with colour charts
provided for each determination. AMES diagnostic aids save
time, money and space. Moreover they prove of material
assistance to physicians by helping to recognize patients
who need immediate care. further study, or more extensive
diagnostic procedures.
Ames Company of Canada. ltd.
Rexdale. Ontario.
(A\,
AIVIES
i"Reglstered Trademarks
C A M -03366
DECEMBER 1967
EDITORIAL
That's what we want for Christmas!
A red-jacketed, rotund gentleman
poked his head into our office the
other day and asked a rather startling
question: "What do Canadian nurses
want for Christmas this year?"
Taken aback by this' unexpected
visitor and his inquiry, we hesitated
before replying altruistically that for
nurses the true spirit of Christmas
lies in the giving of one's self, not in
the receiving of material goods.
"Quite so," he replied. "And nurses
exemplify this Christmas spirit - all
year, not just at Christmas - in their
service to the sick. But this year,"
he explained, and we noticed a twinkle
in his eye, "I'd like to know what
they want for Christmas. I'm not
offering material gifts," he added. "I
want to know what issues or problems
in health care nurses would like to
have solved."
Now this was, indeed, a big order.
It is extremely difficult to speak for
all the nurses of Canada, as we ex-
plained to our visitor. However, we
promised him we'd do our best and
would prepare a list of issues that we
believed were of concern to all nurses,
offering our opinion of how they
should be resolved.
By the time our whiskered friend re-
turned from tethering his animals ("A
very difficul roof to attach animals to!"
he complained), the list was ready. We
read it to him.
. lncreas.ed admissions to basic
schools of nursing. Although the abso-
lute numbers of persons entering basic
diploma and baccalaureate programs
have increased over the years, the in-
creases have not kept up with popula-
tion growth. A new approach to re-
cruitment is needed for today's young
person, who often selects his career
well in advance of high school gradua-
tion. Recruitment programs can be ef-
fected best by the coordinated efforts
of nurses' associations at the provincial
and local levels, together with provin-
DECEMBER 1967
cial governments and schools of nurs-
ing themselves.
Entiecement based only on the ser-
vice and reward aspects of nursing no
longer will convince high school stu-
dents to select it as a career. A score of
other professions offer the same satis-
factions, but with more pay and better
working conditions. To encourage stu-
dents to enter nursing - and to keep
them in nursing after graduation -
employing agencies must be prepared
to offer competitive salaries and attrac-
tive personnel policies and working
conditions.
. More schools of nursing set up in
educational institutions. A growing
number of high school graduates are
being attracted to nursing programs
offered in settings other than the hospi-
tal. Hospital administrators and offi-
cials of hospital associations blame
nurse leaders, in part, for this trend.
The real reason lies in young persons
themselves, who are products of a so-
ciety that is putting increasing empha-
sis on education. Young people today
believe they have a right to a truly
liberal education in a setting where
they have a fair degree of personal
freedom and an opportunity to mingle
with persons studying programs other
than nursing.
Hospital schools of nursing cannot
disappear overnight. An orderly trans-
ition of programs from hospital to ed-
ucational institution (whether it be uni-
versity, community college, or techni-
cal institution) is what nursing leaders
are asking. But this '.orderly transition"
should not require another half century.
. The return of 22,000 registered,
inactive nurses to nursing. Many in-
active nurses are married women with
children. To attract them back into
nursing, child-care centers must be set
up, either by independent groups, gov-
ernment-sponsored bodies, or employ-
ing agencies; part-time work, which
employers must learn to accept as be-
ing essential to quality patIent care,
should be available; salaries and in-
come tax laws must be fair; refresher
courses, sponsored by provincial and
local nurses' associations in coopera-
tion with government and employing
bodies, should be offered.
. Improved nursing care. The recipe
for quality care for each patient re-
quires: one mature, intelligent staff
nurse, dedicated to her patient's wel-
fare; one supervisor or head nurse who
has taken additional preparation in
mangement techniques and who recog-
nizes the staff nurse's right to develop
as a person and as a professional; one
doctor who sees the staff nurse as
a colleague and a specialist in her field,
and who believes that the best type of
patient care is given when colleagues
collaborate; one administrator who rea-
lizes that nurses can concentrate best
on patient care when the employing
agency has up-ta-date policies and
working conditions as well as monetary
rewards that recognize service; and
one agency or institution whose facili-
ties and policies allow nurses to nurse.
These ingredients, blended together
and seasoned liberally with the respect
of one discipline for the other, will re-
sult in improved patient care.
. Changes in laws involving social
problems that nurses cannot ignore.
Thirty thousand illegal abortions are
reported to be carried out in this coun-
try yearly. Overtly, our population is
saying one thing and, covertly, it is
doing another. Changes proposed re-
cently will do little to reduce the num-
ber of illegal abortions; women will
continue to have their pregnancies ter-
minated illegally at great risk to their
lives. Also, change in a law that prohi-
bits the advertising and dissemination
of contraceptive information is needed
urgently. To use a cIiché, "an ounce of
prevention is worth a pound of cure."
That's what we want for Christmas.
- V.A.L.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 27
Accompanying the two regiments of Canadian troops dispatched to Hong Kong
in October, 1941, were two R.C.A.M.C. female personnel, Nursing Sisters Maye
Waters of Winnipeg and Kay Christie of Toronto. Now, 25 years later, the author
recalls some of the highlights of 21 months behind the barbed wire - with
special thoughts about one memorable dinner.
M. & V. for Christmas Dinner
Kathleen G. Christie
,
That was Christmas, 1942, yet now
in 1967 it is so easy to recall that rare
but glorious feeling of having had
enough to eat at one meal, even though
the main course had been M. & V.-a
whole tin of it, thanks to the arrival of
Red Cross food supplies one month
before. For the uninitiated, M. & V.
stands for meat and vegetables in stew
form. Ask anyone who saw service
overseas about it, but don't expect
them to share my enthusiasm.
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28 THE CANADIAN NURSE
It all began on December 8th, 1941,
three weeks after our arrival in Hong
Kong, when the Japanese forces laun-
ched their attack on the Colony and
within a week after the bombing, began
shelling as well. Our British Military
Hospital, located on Bowen Road
about midway up the Peak, came in
for its share of direct hits, which ne-
cessitated evacuation of the two top
floors. All patients, including battle
casualties, had to be accommodated in
./ I \
DECEMBER 1967
the ground floor wards. We were
forced to move from our comfortable
residence to the shelters under the hos-
pital where all hospital personnel slept
on rows of narrow shelves.
On Christmas eve, Maye and I were
posted to night duty; I was on the
large admitting ward while she covered
a number of smaller wards. We'd all
heard what had taken place in outlying
hospitals as those areas were captured
and each time footsteps approached
the darkened ward we'd wonder "Is
this it?"
Sometime during that endless night I
noticed the orderly, a member of the
British Army, cleaning out the instru-
ment sterilizer and filling it; then I
saw the red light glowing to show that
it was heating. My one thought was
how nice it would be for the day staff
to find this already done. Later, how-
ever, I saw a large pitcher being filled
from the sterilizer; to my horror, the
orderly then brought the pitcher and
mugs to the desk and served tea to the
V.A.D., himself, and me. There was no
way out - I had to drink it - and it
tasted surprisingly good! This was just
the beginning of double duty for the
ward sterilizers.
After coming off duty in the morn-
ing we went to the shelters to try to
sleep, which was akin to sleeping at a
main intersection. In the afternoon we
learned of the surrender - a term that
was difficult to accept, especially for
all of us who had firmly believed the
words of "Rule Britannia."
The next day several Japanese offi-
cers arrived at the hospital entrance
and ordered the British colonel to
come out to them. The hospital and
immediate environs were officially de-
clared Prisoner of War Camp "A" and
within days the barbed wire fence
warned us that we were not free to go
beyond it. We were guarded constantly
by Japanese soldiers who were never
without their bayonets. They strolled
through the hospital (including the
wards taken over as dormitories for
nurses and V.A.Ds.) at any hour and
some liked to watch while dressings or
Miss Christie, a graduate of Toronto
Western Hospital School of Nursing. is med-
ical secretary for a neuropsychiatrist in
Toronto, Ontario.
DECEMBER 1967
other procedures were done.
During hostilities our white aprons
and blue skirts had been replaced by
slacks and the white organdy veils by
helmets. In the ensuing months, as
laundry facilities decreased, the white
cuffs and then the white collars were
shed. Our blue uniforms were launder-
ed when necessary and ironed with the
only irons available, which were char-
coal-heated.
As hospital stores of food and med-
ical supplies dwindled and could not
be replenished, we began to feel the
full impact of what had happened.
Plaster casts became "high" but had
to be left on longer than usual; at first
these patients were moved out to the
balcony but the Japanese authorities
ordered them back inside. Dressings
were changed every few days or week-
ly and in most cases the wounds healed
surprisingly well on this method. Be-
fore long we were not only re-using
bandages that normally would be dis-
carded, but were washing out and boil-
ing gauze dressings, then re-using
them. Ingenuity and the ability to im-
provise, yet preserve some semblance
of surgical technique, became a con-
stant challenge. Many times I said si-
lent but grateful thanks for the expe-
rience gained in my final year of train-
ing when I had had the good fortune
to work for a month with a wise and
kindly V.O.N. in her district in a poor
area of Toronto during the depression
years.
As food became progressively
scarce, the most unexpected changes
occurred in many people, changes that
persisted as long as hunger persisted.
For example, while bread was still
available, the patients on the ward be-
gan to protest that the slices were not
of uniform thickness and they wanted
a ruler used to ensure that all slices
would be the same. They also ques-
tioned what was being done with the
end crusts, which, I must admit, I had
been slicing very thin, but had com-
mitted the unforgivable crime of eating
them - never dreaming this would be
viewed as "snitching rations."
To give extra nourishment to one
particular patient I had to hide him
behind an opened cupboard door while
he guiltily, but ravenously, ate what-
ever I had been able to scrounge from
any source; however, he still had to be
assured that these extras were a form
of required medication. On those rare
occasions when some kind of juice ap-
peared I let each patient choose be-
tween "two ounces straight" or "four
ounces watered down" - really a ma-
jor decision.
As nurses, one of our greatest fru-
strations was in not having the nour-
ishing food, medication, and supplies
that patients looked to us to provide.
The patients' one consolation was that
we had no more than they.
For five months, beginning in April,
1942, we were permitted to send one
card a month to a relative; the mes-
sage was restricted to 50 words -
typewritten or printed, using block
letters 1/4" high - with no mention
of food or military matters. Each time
I used up precious words pleading for
someone to pay my registration fees,
remembering the ruling that more than
one year's arrears meant rewriting
R.N. examinations.
On August 10, 1942, on Japanese
orders and with practically no warn-
ing, all female personnel were removed
from the various Service hospitals in
Hong Kong and taken by truck with
what luggage we could carry to a civi-
lian internment camp at Stanley, a
peninsula on the opposite side of the
Island that had been the scene of
some of the most bitter fighting during
the siege. This move meant that all
patients were left without nursing care.
Stanley consisted of a variety of
buildings into which about 2,400 peo-
ple - men, women and children -
were herded, with space and privacy
conspicuous by their absence. In our
compound were the buildings compris-
ing a former Chinese boys' school, St.
Stephens, including bungalows for the
staff and a two-and-one-half storey
residence for the boys. This residence,
under the new name of Block 10, be-
came our quarters.
Service nursing personnel were
shown preferential treatment we were
told; only three were assigned to a
room about nine by twelve feet. When
shown to our room, it was something
of a shock to find only four walls (two
of them partitions), bare floor, and a
window. Since we had no beds we
slept on the floor until camp cots were
THE CANADIAN NURSE 29
obtained from "welfare" and our
trunks arrived. I preferred the solid
foundation of two trunks placed end
to end with army biscuits for a mat-
tress, to sagging canvas cots.
The men in our block, mainly form-
er Hong Kong police and public utili-
ties personnel, proved their gallantry
by providing "furnishings." We were
fortunate to get a small folding table,
a large shelf for the wall (this originally
had been a door on a lavatory cubicle,
but one didn't look a gift horse in the
mouth), a wide plank resting on ce-
ment blocks to form a window ledge,
and a large enamel basin that served
for all washing purposes.
Internees prepared the meagre ra-
tions provided, each block making its
own kitchen arrangements. We had a
permanent kitchen
team, whose mem-
bers were entitled to an extra half-ra-
tion, and they really performed mir-
acles in making the daily allowance go
round.
Outside the kitchen hung an old bell
that regulated our lives. One bell meant
that boiling water was available and
the occupants of all the rooms came
rushing to the kitchen with tea pots,
jugs or thermos bottles. Two bells
meant "chow," which was provided
twice daily but consisted mainly of
rice. Three bells meant the tiny rations
of bread were ready. In 13 months one
can become completely conditioned to
and almost dependent upon such sig-
nals.
All internees had to be within the
compound from 8 P.M. to 8 A.M. and
inside their own block, with lights out,
at 10 P.M. A night trip to the wash-
room on the top floor meant groping
along in the darkness except when a
full moon lighted the way.
Since the daily supply of water,
which was cold, was limited, only the
early birds got showers. On cold days,
with no glass in the windows, the wind
blew through the open cubicles spray-
ing the precious water off its course.
Why did we subject ourselves to this?
Primarily for cleansing, but also be-
cause it felt so good to get out of it.
During the rainy season it was not un-
common to wade through several in-
ches of water on that washroom floor.
Our unpleasant companions were
the everpresent bed bugs, large flying
30 THE CANADIAN NURSE
cockroaches that zoomed in through
open windows, and huge, ugly centi-
pedes that seemed to just drop from
nowhere.
In addition to the hunger problem
we faced the problem of idleness and
its effects. Each individual had to plan
how to occupy the time, but there were
many opportunities for those who
wished to find them. Since the small
hospital in camp was operated by ci-
vilian nurses, Service personnel did no
nursing for eight months. Then we
were asked to relieve the nursing staff
on night duty and each pair of us
worked six hours a night for a week at
intervals of several months.
Expert bridge players struggled va-
liantly with rank beginners - of which
I was one - and this filled many
hours each day. French-Canadian nuns
and former teachers taught the school-
aged internees and also conducted a
variety of lectures for adults. I, in turn,
coached an eight-year-old - not, as
my tutor pointed out, because I knew
so much French, but because little
Moira knew even less!
A group of internees who formerly
were members of a dramatic society
presented excellent entertainment pe-
riodically for all internees, usually re-
quiring a three-night run to accommo-
date their appreciative audiences. On
Sunday mornings communal church
services were held in that same large
hall when ministers of various religious
denominations took turns conducting
the services. One minister made a point
of preaching on controversial subjects
that he hoped would keep internees'
conversation on something other than
food, which still was the prime topic.
Softball teams were formed and, as
a Canadian, I was expected to per-
form, usually as pitcher, catcher or
shortstop, when my favorite position
had been left field. Although our team
didn't do well, I was rewarded by be-
ing allowed to play left field on an
"All Star" team.
Periodically, extra food would be
available at a "shop," but prices were
exorbitant and money was scarce. Had
it not been for funds sent to Maye and
me from the Canadian Officers' Fund,
our lives would have been extremely
grim indeed. In November, 1942, we
received our first and only Red Cross
food parcels, together with limited bulk
supplies of tea, sugar, tinned milk,
margarine and M. & V. This really was
a godsend and we knew it had to last
for a long time.
It was- almost a year before permis-
sion was given to resume sending cards
home and just about this time I recei-
ved my first mail since arriving in
Hong Kong 18 months before. These
few letters had been en route for more
than a year and consequently brought
no recent news. On July 1st, 1943, at
a concert especially for Canadians, all
internees, for the first time since the
surrender, were allowed to sing the
National Anthem which, needless to
say, has seldom been sung with such
enthusiasm and feeling.
To counteract the negative features
there was beautiful scenery to enjoy.
A cemetery dating back to 184 1, lo-
cated up the side of a hill, provided the
maximum in privacy and tranquility
where one could sit on the large tomb-
stones under the trees and gaze out
over the sea that was dotted with tiny
islands. There were also many friend-
ships formed in those difficult days
which not only have lasted but have
become more firmly cemented as the
years go by.
Rumors, usually of our imminent re-
lease by some means, abounded. As
dates came and went, but we remained,
we soon accepted each new rumor as a
nice thought but nothing more. Thus it
was one afternoon in late July, 1943,
that I went on to play and make my first
grand slam in bridge while someone
earnestly related the latest rumor,
namely, that we would be repatriated
in September. However, this rumor
differed in that it became fact. On Sep-
tember 23rd all Canadians in Stanley
Camp boarded a repatriation ship to
join the remaining American and Ca-
nadian civilians in the Far East on the
first leg of a 10-week sea voyage
back to freedom and home, with new
appreciation of a way of life previous-
ly taken for granted. 0
DECEMBER 1967
\
"
"
The critical shortage of nurse personnel is causing nursing leaders to take a serious
look at new ways of approaching recruitment. The author analyzes recent studies
on the subject and makes suggestions for improving recruitment programs.
Considerations
for nurse recruitment
Shirley R. Good, Ed. D.
\
It may be assumed that every nurse
in Canada is aware of the shortage of
nurse personnel. Not many need
con-
cern themselves with why this im-
balance has come about or how it can
be corrected; but some nurses must do
so. Within the context of Canadian
health and education laws, it is the
nursing profession in each province
that will have to act to increase num-
bers of nursing personnel if the pro-
fession is to discharge its obligations
to the people of Canada.
That the shortage of nurses is be-
coming more acute cannot be denied.
Well-documented studies on nursing
education and nurse populations in
Canada in the past few years show that
if present trends continue, neither the
quality nor quantity of nurses will be
sufficient to mect future needs.
..,
"
\
Intensive recruitment campaign needed
Action to alleviate these precarious
situations must include deliberate, in-
tensive recruitment. Two major factors
are involved: the first is that each pro-
vincial association, through its na-
tional association, has assumed respon-
sibility for the direction of the profes-
sion; the second is that education is a
provincial concern.
The provincial nurses' associations
are, therefore, the bodies that should
assume an increased responsibility for
large student enrollments in both the
diPJoma and baccalaureate nurse edu-
cation programs. At the same time,
schools must continue their recruiting
procedures; university schools, in par-
ticular, must engage actively in the
recruitment of qualified entrants to the
baccalaureate program, who will be
educated for progression to graduate
studies and subsequent positions as
teachers, administrators, researchers,
and clinical specialists.
A valuable tool in activating well-
formulated recruitmcnt program
is the
study prcpared by Dr. R.A.H. Robson
for the 1964 Royal Commission on
Health Services and published in 1967
as Sociological Factors Affecting Re-
cruitment into the Nursinf? Profession. 1
Among his findings, Robson reports
that about 60 percent of all girls who
consider nursing do so before the age
of 13 (before completing grade VI),
and are most often from the urban up-
per class in the Atlantic provinces, the
prairie provinces, and British Colum-
bia. Yet, this group has littlc informa-
tion about nursing, which probably ac-
counts for the fact that only four out of
ten will choose nursing as a career
goal.
In the group of girls classed as late
choosers of nursing as a career (post
grade VI), Robson noted that 40 per-
cent of all girls consider nursing at one
time or another after the age of 13.
This group is more likely to be from
Dr. Good. a graduate of Women's College
Hospital, Drury College in Missouri. and
Teachers College. Columbia University. is
Nursing Consultant. Higher Education. Can-
adian Nurses' Association. Ottawa. Ontario.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 31
blue collar and farm families and from
the very rural areas of Ontario and
Quebec. Peer group rather than paren-
tal influence is the apparent motivat-
ing force in the selection of nursing.
Also, this group is more inclined to
seek information regarding entry into
the profession.
Robson suggests that the pre-teen
girl's dislike of nursing centers about
the lack of challenge and the lengthy,
difficult preparation. The teenage girl's
rejection of nursing appears to arise
from her belief that she lacks the re-
quired academic ability or the appro-
priate personality.
Two other significant findings in
Robson's study are: university nursing
students are more likely to have high
academic ability, to come from upper
class urban areas, and to seek out jobs
that are interesting to them; and no
more than 10 percent of male students
have sufficiently favorable attitudes
toward a nursing career - those who
are interested come primarily from
working class families in urban areas.
Thus, there appears to be ample
scope for improving the approach to
recruitment. The following suggestions
are presented as ways of vitalizing
nursing recruitment programs.
General Proposals
The advice of educational psychol-
ogists, urban and rural sociologists,
guidance counselors, and nursing school
personnel should be utilized to plan
recruitment programs.
A different approach should be used
for each of the three audiences: pre-
teen, early-teen and mid-teen groups.
Progressively sophisticated materials
and approaches should be used for
these groups.
The programs should appeal to as
many of the senses as possible, relevant
to the particular age group. For ex-
ample, the uniform and equipment
used in nursing appeal to the pre-teen.
The programs should be presented
to both boys and girls at fairly specific
intervals. The first- or pre-teen pro-
gram, should be given at the beginning
of the spring term of grade V and/or
autumn term of grade VI; the second
early-teen program. in the spring term
of grade IX and/or grade X before the
high school drop-out age; the third
program, designed to appeal to the
mid-teen group, should be presented in
the fall term of the final high school
year. A three-phase program of this
nature allows for the possibility that a
student will participate in these recruit-
ment programs three times during his
formative career decision years.
Attempts should be made to reach
parent audiences through such organ-
izations as the Parent Teachers Asso-
32 THE CANADIAN NURSE
ciation and the Parent Teachers clubs.
The pre-teen program should be a
factual introduction to the practice of
nursing with no allusion to the anti-
quated notion of preparation for mar-
riage. (There is no correlation to show
that a female nurse is a better wife
and mother than women prepared in
other professional pursuits.)
The early-teen group should be in-
formed about the two-year educational
programs and introduced to available
university preparation for nurses.
The mid-teen program should be a
recapitulation of the two kinds of edu-
cational programs (as endorsed by the
federation of the 10 provincial nurses'
associations), the nursing functions to
be carried out upon completion of
these courses, and opportunities avail-
able for advanced academic study.
The need for academic excellence
should be emphasized and compared
with other professional pursuits.
The hours of functioning as a prac-
titioner of nursing should be considered
on the basis of other occupational
groups. such as teachers and airline
hostesses. The former often attend
summer school in supposed vacation
time, and the latter also work long
hours, including statutory holidays,
nights, and weekends.
Emphasis should be placed on the
interesting facets of the work and in-
trinsic rewards the nurse derives as
a collaborative member of the health
services team.
Role of university nurse-faculty
In addition to recruitment into bac-
calaureate preparation courses, univer-
sity nurse-faculty can perform a vital
role by encouraging baccalaureate stu-
dents to proceed to graduate studies.
Lee and Major indicate that faculty
personnel are remiss in actively recruit-
ing potential nurse-faculty for univer-
sity teaching positions.:!':' So far, no
data have been encountered to indicate
that this group actively encourages stu-
dents to proceed to graduate study in
administration, research, or clinical
specialization. Because of the general
lag in recruiting for university teach-
ing. it would appear that these areas
suffer equally.
Two Qoteworthy findings that have
been reported may help nurse-faculty
move in a more positive direction. In
one of these, Sheffield observed that
the choice of becoming a university
teacher is usually made late in under-
graduate course work. 4 In the other,
Lee reports that in a final-year student
study population, 50 percent of the
baccalaureate students expressed in-
terest in graduate study (37.5 per-
cent for master's and 12.5 percent for
doctoral). Among the post-basic bac-
calaureate group, 70 percent indicated
interest in graduate work (44.4 percent
master's and 25 percent doctoral).ã
University nurse-faculty should be
alert to identify students who have
the interest and the academic potential
for graduate study in their third and
fourth years of undergraduate work.
Nurse-faculty should be prepared to,
and actively engage in, discussions with
all students about all aspects of gradu-
ate education that pertain to prepara-
tion for teaching, administration, re-
search, and clinical specialization.
It is recognized that concerned nurse
educators will question the wisdom of
activating intense recruitment programs
at a time when qualified applicants are
being declined admission to existing
programs. This is not an insolvable
problem, since much can be done
with curricula in these educational
situations to accommodate interested
qualified nurse aspirants.
The problem of recruiting students
for preparation for nurse positions is
the responsibility of all professional
nurses because of their commitment to
the society they serve. Time is of es-
sence, but not at the expense of hasty,
temporary improvisations. Recruitment
programs for students for diploma, un-
dergraduate, and graduate study must
be designed with care. The consider-
ations offered here are but beginning
steps for future planning.
References
I. Robson, Reginald A.H. SocioloRical Fac-
tors Allec/illR Recruitment into the Nurs-
ing Profes.fion. Ottawa, The Queen's Prin-
ter, 1967, pp. 103-106 and p. 135.
2. Lee. Margaret N. Preferences for univer-
sity teaching as the career goal of bac-
calaureate students of nursing graduating
from selected universities in Canada. (Un-
publi
hed Ed.D. Report, Teachers Col-
lege, Columbia University, New York
City, 1966). pp. 93-94.
3. Major. Dorothy. Career planning of high-
ranl.ing senior students. Nurs. Res.,
Spring 1961, p. 74.
4. Sheffield, Edward F. The preparatioll
of the unil'ersity teacher. (Paper presented
10 Ihe Mount Allison Summer Institute.)
Sackville, N.H., August 19. 1964. p.1.
5. Lee. op. cit., Table X. p. 60.
DECEMBER 1967
A discussion of the effect of
medical technology on life-death
decisions and of the management
of the social and psychological
aspects of care for the dying.
When
patients
die: some nursing problems
DECEMBER 1967
leanne c. Quint
In Western societies in particular,
human death has assumed new dimen-
sions as a nursing problem. In the
Twentieth Century, social and techno-
logical change has led to the prolonga-
tion of life - thus to an increase in
persons requiring health care, partic-
ularly for conditions of a chronic na-
ture. Since the end of the Second
World War, social and technological
change has led to the prolongation of
dying, through the development of high
risk procedures and equipment capable
of keeping the physical body alive al-
most indefinitely.
The institutions that provide health
services have been profoundly affected
by these changes. The modern general
hospital has become a complex and
.:ompartmcntalized center of life-saving
activities. At the same time one ob-
serves a sharp increase in institutions
that provide custodial services - for
the elderly, no longer able to care for
themselves, as well as for individuals
(both young and old) who are socially
incapacitated by chronic mental or
physical disease. In both types of in-
stitutions, the nursing staff must deal
· This article is based. in part, on re-
search supported by Public Health Service
Grant No. NU-00047, from the Division of
Nursing, Bureau of Health Manpower. Put--
lic Health Service, and conducted under the
auspices of the School of Nursing, Univer-
sity of California, San Francisco Medical
Center, San Franci
co, California, U.S.A.
with many situations in which death is
a central issue.
This paper considers two matters
that are of serious concern to many
nurses today: I. the difficult choices
and decisions faced by them when the
somewhat conflicting goals of recovery
care and comfort-until-death care con-
verge; and 2. the management of the
social and psychological aspects of care
when patients are dying. The former
centers around the nurse's responsibili-
ties associated with control or preven-
tion of death. The latter is concerned
with the responsibilities associated with
dying as a social process - a series of
events that includes interactions be-
tween and among a great many people
and which takes place through a pe-
riod of time. In neither case are there
easy solutions for the problems that
nurses face in practice, because at
issue are deep-seated values and be-
liefs that govern the meaning of death.
both personally and professionally.
Miss Quint. a graduate of S1. Luke's Hospi-
tal School of Nursing, San Francisco, Ore-
gon State University, and the University of
California, Los Angeles, is Assistant Re-
search Sociologist, University of California
School of Nursing, San Francisco Medical
Center, San Francisco, California. She is
the author of The Nurse alld the Dyillg
Patiellt, recently published by the Macmil-
lan Company, New York, and has written
many articles on the same subject for vari-
ous journals in the United States.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 33
The meaning of death
For modern Western man, the be-
lief in human life as a manifestation of
God's purpose has been challenged by
the impersonal findings of science. For
many, death no longer symbolizes a
gateway, but rather serves as a remind-
er of the finiteness of human existence.
Man's life has been extended by mod-
ern medical care and public health
measures, but as Blauner has noted,
his individual death scarcely interrupts
the ongoing processes of society. 1
For both personal and social rea-
sons, death carries a high degree of
threat for the individual. From a so-
ciological perspective, Parsons suggests
that death is a threat to the stability of
a society based on the Protestant ethic
of achievement, and the threat is mani-
fest in avoidance behaviors by mem-
bers of the society.:!
According to Vol kart, the meaning
of death in North America is directly
related to the American small family
system that leads to a self-involvement
with and an emotional attachment to a
few select persons, thereby maximizing
their psychological significance. a The
culture provides for intense emotional
investment in a few individuals but
offers no easy solution to the problem
of replacement once they are gone.
The socio-emotional vulnerability of
individuals to loss through death is
extremely high. In consequence, when
a person has a fatal illness, there is a
tendency among those concerned to
act as though death were not forth-
coming. Stated differently, societal
values and beliefs about death foster
interactions in which death is denied,
minimized, or avoided. 4
The disruptive impact of death on
the ongoing business of society has
been progessively controlled through
a segregation of the dying.:; More and
more, hospitals and other specialized
institutions house and care for the ter-
minally ill, and the personnel in these
facilities become involved in social af-
fairs that once belonged primarily to
the family. However, the occupational
groups responsible for managing ter-
m;nal care have a primary commit-
ment to the preservation of life, and
they achieve their greatest satisfactions
from helping people get well. Thus pa-
ticnt<; who die tend to be categorized as
34 THE CANADIAN NURSE
less desirable than patients who re-
cover because they do not provide the
personal rewards and professional ac-
complishments that come from work-
ing with the latter group.
The patient's act of dying is not a
simple matter for nurses. Rather, the
act of dying requires them to make
decisions and to assume special re-
sponsibilities concerning the death.
There are two general types of occu-
pational problems in which death is a
central issue. 1I First, the patient unex-
pectedly begins to die, and the nurse
initiates emergency resuscitatory activi-
ties until the doctor arrives. The per-
son mayor may not be saved by these
efforts. Second, the patient is expect-
ed to die, although the anticipated time
of death may vary - from close and
certain to remote and highly uncertain.
At some point when death is perceived
as inevitable, the "nothing-more-to-do"
stage is reached and the fundamental
goal of care shifts from recovery to
comfort.;
The work that nurses do when con-
fronted with sudden and unexpected
dying is directly related to life-saving
goals. The tasks that they perform
when death is expected depend on
whether the patient is still defined as
recoverable or whether they recognize
and accept the reality of forthcoming
death. However, many times the pa-
tient cannot neatly be classified as
"dying" or "not dying," nor are the
nurses always informed by the medical
staff of the patient's true state. In con-
sequence, nurses encounter numerous
situations in which they make choices
between the recovery goal and the
comfort goal on the basis of "best
judgment." These choices are not al-
ways simple or easy to make.
Conflicting goals of nursing practice
The high value attached to life-
saving responsibilities within the nurs-
ing and hospital subcultures has cre-
ated an environment in which recovery
care carries higher priority than com-
fort care. According to a recent study
of five schools of nursing, the educa-
tion of nurses has empha
ized life-pre-
serving techniques and procedures with
little specialized training in implement-
ing the distinctly different goals of
helping people to live while dying.
The relative importance attached to
recovery care is illustrated by an inci-
dent that occurred during a statewide
meeting of nursing students.
"A nurse who was conducting a
workshop on 'Death and the Nurse'
asked the students what they would do
if they had a terminal cancer patient
who suddenly developed cardiac arrest.
After much discussion the students
decided that they would start cardiac
massage, letting the doctor decide
whether or not to continue when he
arrived. Thus the students made a
choice supporting the primary occupa-
tional value of saving lives. Yet the
decision was required in a context in
which life-saving actions might tempor-
arily delay death, but could not ul-
timately ensure recovery."11
There are some serious issues under-
lying the responsibilities carried by
nurses. Perhaps the most serious has
to do with decisions concerning the
prolonging and non-prolonging of life,
and the conditions under which these
actions are appropriate or inappropri-
ate. Central to this issue is the ques-
tion: Whose choice - the person him-
self, the physician, the family, the hos-
pital staff?
The societal pattern of silence about
dying is reflected in the disclosure
practices used by physicians and fam-
ilies. There is a general tendency to
keep the dying person uninformed
about the reality of his condition, to
maintain him within a context of closed
awareness about either his diagnosis,
his prognosis, or both. 111 As a
result,
the person himself is not generally con-
sulted about the use of heroic measures
or life-extending machinery on his be-
half, and others make the decisions -
sometimes influenced as much by emo-
tional strain as by rational thought,
and by the special meaning of this
person's death to the living.'
Decisions relative to the use of non-
prolonging measures are not generally
difficult when the forthcoming death
is viewed as an acceptable one by all
concerned - for example, when the
patient is old and has lived a full life.
The decisions become more complicat-
ed and problematic when the circum-
stances are such that family and staff
alike are caught up in strong emotional
responses - as when the patient is
DECEMBER 1967
young, or is a person of national im-
portance, or the family is unable to
come to terms with the reality of his
death.
Within the hospital, nurses increas-
ingly are faced with situations that re-
quire them to make choices about the
use of heroic measures and about talk-
ing with dying patients concerning
what is going on around them. With
the rapid expansion of life-prolonging
capabilities has come the development
of hospital wards where life-death de-
cisions are almost routine parts of the
nurse's daily work. Recovery rooms
and intensive care units are ex-
amples of this trend. Because of the
intense focus on recovery and to fore-
stall accusations of negligence, nurses
on these wards tend to work very hard
to prolong life even when these activities
may be of little use. Nurses in these
settings achieve great satisfaction when
their efforts succeed. They are also
very vulnerable to feelings of negli-
gence when their efforts fail, and to the
helpless feelings brought on by fre-
quent exposure to death.
"Many nurses are also upset by de-
cisions to prolong the patient's life
when he is obviously not going to sur-
vive. Others are disturbed because pa-
tients are treated more like objects
than like human beings. Caught in a
pull between the task of 'life-saving at
all costs' and a desire to provide the
patient a dignified and humane death,
some nurses find that they cannot tol-
erate the tensions of continuous assign-
ment to _ the intensive care ward.
Nurses who stay in these settings ap-
pear to handle the situation by
switching their concerns from the pa-
tient to the doctor whom they can sup-
port in his efforts to save the pa-
tient. "1:!
It is not simply in making choices
between the recovery goal and the
comfort goal that nurses encounter dif-
ficulties in their work with patients
who are potentially or actually dying.
The management of the social and psy-
chological aspects of care for these pa-
tients poses other kinds of problems.
Social and psychological impact of
dying
Whether they work in hospitals,
convalescent homes, or agencies pro-
DECEMBER 1967
viding home care services, nurses are
providing care for persons who are
dying. There are times when these as-
signments provide the nurse with in-
tensely satisfying and professionally re-
warding experiences. There are also
times when these assignments require
her to face and deal with difficult and
distressing problems, usually because
the social and psychological impact of
the death is very intense.
The nurse's problems are of two
kinds: those associated with the worÁ
that she must do; and those resulting
from her personal reactions to the
death or to events occurring during the
assignment period. '3
The work tends to be relatively
easy when these conditions prevail: I.
the patient carries low social value; H
2. there is no family, or the family
members are accepting of the forth-
coming death; 3. the patient is coma-
tose - thus inaccessible to conversa-
tion; 4. the dying interval is short and
calm; and 5. the death is unobtrusive.
In contrast, providing comfort, -
both physical and psychological -
and help tends to become both com-
plex and often difficult under these
circumstances: I. the patient is assigned
high social value - sometimes causing
mass reactions of grief; 2. the family
behaves in a disturbing way, for ex-
ample, creating emotional scenes on
the ward; 3. the patient behaves in an
upsetting way by being aggressive or
moody or highly emotional - perhaps
by talking about death in a way which
bothers the nurse; 4. the dying interval
is lengthy, and the nurse has prolonged
contact with patient and family; and
5. the death itself is obtrusive and dis-
turbing to sight and smell.
It has been well established that
Americans do not like to talk about
death or dying, and conversation that
is or threatens to be saddening is gen-
erally not allowed. I:> Nurses are no
exception to the rule; they have devel-
oped occupational strategies for keep-
ing interactions with patients and fam-
ilies under control. lf . For nurses gener-
ally, interactions with dying patients
and their families tend to be relatively
easy when the threat posed by death or
by personal involvement is minimized.
The interactional difficulties increase
in proportion to the amount of per-
sonal and professional threat that is
present.
As nurses report their experiences,
the conditions that contribute to inter-
actional tensions include the following:
I. the patient who is not to be told
about his prognosis suspects something
is wrong and tries to find out; 2. the
patient's personal characteristics trig-
ger strong personal reactions, for ex-
ample, the child who is dying precipi-
tates feelings of sadness and grief; 3.
the patient talks about his own death
or behaves in ways that cause the
nurse to feel helpless and hopeless.
Many problems described by nurses
in their interactions with dying pa-
tients and their families are directly re-
lated to a paucity of communication
between the medical and nursing staffs.
The education of both groups has em-
phasized physical care and technical
procedures and has provided little spe-
cialized training in the social and psy-
chological aspects of care. Rather,
these social and psychological matters
are essentially nonaccountable within
the organized health care systems, with
important consequences for the pa-
tients and for the staff. I. If doctors and
nurses have learned to avoid or evade
certain types of situations, it is be-
cause, in part, they have had very little
help in learning how to cope with their
own reactions and feelings.
It is indeed true that individual
nurses - often with little specialized
preparation for the task - are quietly
helping dying patients and their fam-
ilies cope with the social and psycho-
logical problems they encounter. These
individual efforts, however, can scarce-
ly forestall the movement toward
"death control" as it is evolving in
modem, urban society.
Conclusion
There is every indication that nurses
in the future will face more rather than
fewer problems in which death is a
central feature. Wards offering special-
ized, highly technical services for the
critically ill or for those undergoing
high risk procedures are on the in-
crease in hospitals - both in numbers
and in complexity of task.!' It is un-
likely that the present trend toward
segregating the dying from the living
will be reversed, and the need for care-
THE CANADIAN NURSE 35
and-comfort nursing services for these
patients, whether at home or in insti-
tutions, undoubtedly will increase.
What needs to be done? First, the
reality of what is happening needs to
be recognized by the medical and nurs-
ing professions. For both doctors and
nurses, the occupational problems re-
lated to death have undergone tremen-
dous changes, both quantitatively and
qualitatively, but the education of new
practitioners has not kept pace with
these changes. For change to occur,
the curricula in schools of medicine
and schools of nursing must be revised
to provide better training for the psy-
chological, social, and organizational
aspects of work that involves deathY'
In addition, nurses themselves need
to face the reality that care for the
dying is essentiaIly a nursing problem,
not a medical problem. Although phy-
sicians make many decisions and carry
serious responsibilities affecting the
lives of patients with fatal illness, it is
nurses and their associates who deal
with the day-by-day tasks of helping
these people and their families live
with the social and psychological con-
sequences of the iIlness. To improve
the care of these patients, nurses must
be wiIling to do something to alter the
conditions that interfere with effective
care. For example, nurses can take the
initiative in establishing open and reg-
ular two-way communication with phy-
sicians rather than to wait for "orders"
from them.
If nurses are to accept responsibility
for the care of dying patients, how-
ever, the difficulties of the task must
be recognized by the agencies that pro-
vide nursing services. The directors of
nursing service need to be willing to
take the initiative in involving the
medical staff in coordinated and coop-
erative planning and "to consider how
best to make provision for consistent
support and guidance to the nursing
staff who, when one faces the issue dir-
ectly, bear the brunt of this difficult
and serious problem.":!11
More than this, the directors of
nursing need to recognize that effective
nursing care may require a reorganiza-
tion of presently existing agency poli-
cies and practices. Such changes can-
not generally come into being without
active involvement of the administrator
36 THE CANADIAN NURSE
of the agency and its policy-making
board.
Finally, the issues that transcend
professional responsibilities for termin-
al care need to be discussed and debat-
ed more openly by all of the profes-
sionals concerned and by the public at
large. One such issue has to do with
decisions concerning the prolonging of
life. Another has to do with the use
of addicting drugs for the control. of
pain. A tendency to withold or to
space the administration of narcotics
reflects the general American attitude
toward addiction but may lead to
needless pain for the dying patient. In
both matters - the prolonging of life
and the use of addicting drugs - the
actions of doctors and nurses mirror
the values of American society. With
the changing of the times, issues such
as these cannot afford not to be dis-
cussed and debated.
References
I. Blauner, R. Death and social structure.
Psychiatry, 29:379, Nov. 1966.
2. Parsons, T. Death in American society
- a brief working paper. The Amer-
ican Bel/Cl\'ioral Scientist. 6: 61-65,
1963.
3. Volkart, E. and Michael. S. Bereave-
ment and mental health. Exploratiom
in Social Psychiatry. New York. Basic
Books, 1957. pp. 281-307.
4. Quint. J.e. The social context of dying.
Conference on Terminal Illness and Im-
pending Death Among the Aged, spon-
sored by Division of Chronic Diseases,
Department of Health. Education, and
Welfare, Washington. D.e.. May 10.
1966.
5. Blauner. Op.CIl., pp. 378-94.
6. Quint. J.e., The Nurse and the Dyinf:
Patiellt. New York, Macmillan. 1967,
pp. 22-24.
7. Glaser, G. and Strauss, A.L. A ware-
nes.r of Dyinf:. Chicago, Aldine, 1965.
pp. 204-25.
8. Quint. J.e. The Nurse and the DyÙlf:
Patient. New York, Macmillan. 1967.
9. Ibid., p. 229.
10. Glaser and Strauss. np.cit. pp. 29-46.
II. Bowers. M.K. et al. Counseling the
Dying. New York. Thomas Nelson &
Sons. 1964. pp. 52-73.
12. Quint. J.e. The nurse encounters the
dying patient. Paper given at a sympo-
sium, Death. Grief, and Bereavement,
sponsored by the University of Minne-
sota, May 18-19. 1967, pp. 13-14.
13. Quint. J.e. The dying patient: A diffi-
cult nursing problem. The Nursing Clin-
ics of North America. Philadelphia,
W.B. Saunders. Dec. 1967.
14. Glaser, G. and Strauss, A.L. The social
loss of dying patients. Amer. J. Nurs.
64: 119-21. June 1964.
15. Fulton, R. Death and the self. Journal
of Reli[?ion and Health. vol. 3, July
1964.
16. Quint. J.e. Institutionalized Practices
of Information Control. Psychiatry 28:
119-32, May 1965.
17. Strauss. L., Glaser. G., and Quint, J.C
The non accountability of terminal care.
Hospitals 38: 73-87, Jan. 16, 1964.
18. Talbott. G.D. ICU's - present and
future. Resident Physician, June, 1967,
pp. 95-97.
19. Quint, The Nurse and the Dying Pa-
tient, op. cit. chapter 8.
20. Quint, J.e.. "Nursing services and the
care of dying patients: some specula-
tions." Nur.ringSen'ice 2:440. Dec. 64.0
DECEMBER 1967
I ,t".
Miss Dawson. a graduate of the Toronto
East General Hospital and the diploma
course in public health nursing at the Uni-
versity of Toronto. is Director of the De-
partment of Educational Services at Ortho
Pharmaceutical (Canada) Ltd. Through this
department. she provides educational litera-
ture. lectures. and teaching aids to nurses
who are involved or interested in the field
of family planning.
DECEMBER 1967
Conception control
in family planning
One of the most important social changes in our world today is the growing
acceptance of conception control as part of the marriage pattern. Nurses, along
with physicians, clergymen, and social workers, are becoming increasingly involved
in counseling for family planning.
Elaine Dawson
When planning a family, a couple
should consider many factors: their ex-
pected economic status. which will de-
termine how they can best feed, clothe,
house, and educate their children; the
spacing of each child; the stability of
their marriage; and their own emotion-
al and physical health. Being well-in-
formed about contraception could be
an integral part of their family plan-
ning so that their children, when born,
are there through choice and not
through chance.
While many nurses may never rec-
ommend any means of birth control,
one of the first steps to becoming com-
fortable with the subject is to be know-
ledgeable about the various methods
available.
Pregnancy rates
The normal pregnancy rate is estim-
ated as 60-80. This means that with
100 fertile women using no method of
contraception for one full year, we
could expect 60-80 pregnancies to oc-
cur in that group. From these figures
it is plain to see that uncontrolled fer-
tility can be disastrous, whether on
the family or the national level.
Since the dawn of history, man has
shown concern in regulating the size of
his family. Many ideas were developed
in an effort to find drugs or devices
which would inhibit fecundity. It is
interesting to note that the rationale for
all so-called modern methods is ages
old; only the materials that are used
today are really new.!
Oral contraceptives
The search for an effective and safe
oral contraceptive was carried on for
centuries, but it was not until the
1950s that such a drug was developed.
After considerable research and count-
less field trials involving thousands of
women, the "combination" products
and then the "sequentials" were made
available.
Mode of action
The ovulatory cycle is controlled
through a complicated hormonal inter-
action of the gonadotropins from the
anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and
the estrogen and progesterone from the
ovary. These two hormones, when giv-
en to the non-gravid woman, act to
prevent ovulation by inhibiting the se-
cretion of the pituitary gonadotropins.
The ingestion of these hormones also
results in endometrial changes and a
thickening of the cervical mucus.
It
is thoul!ht that these additional two
factors ;nay play a role in the effective-
ness of the method.
Combination oral contraceptives
The "combinations" contains syn-
thetic estrogen and progesterone (pro-
gestin). Doses of 10 mg. were intro-
duced some 10 years ago. Since then
doses as low as I mI!. have been de-
veloped, and are still virtually 100
percent effective.
Starting on the fifth day after the
first day of the menstrual flow, one
tablet is taken, preferably at the same
time each day. The tablets are taken
for about 21 days, depending on the
THE CANADIAN NURSE 37
c
a
Cfg
b
\)<]
d
o
e
Figure 1. JI arious intrauterine devices: a) Lippes Loop; b) Gynekoil;
c) Lippes Loop inserter - with loop partially straightened for inser-
tion; d) Bow; e) Stainless steel ring.
product. A menstrual period will usual-
ly commence 2 - 5 days after the last
tablet has been taken. Each new tablet-
taking cycle is started approximately
one week after the last cycle is com-
plete whether or not menstruation has
occurred or is finished.
One of the pleasant effects of com-
bination oral contraceptives is the
scantier flow and shorter periods that
a great many women experience. 3 Pre-
menstrual tension and dysmenorrhea
are frequently relieved. A regular cycle
length of 27 or 28 days is established."
Sequential oral contraceptives
The sequential oral contraceptives,
while slightly less effective with regu-
lar use than the "combinations," are
the tablets of medical choice for some
womt.,n. These, too, are taken on a 20
or 21 day regimen. With this type of
contraceptive, estrogen alone is taken
for the first 14 - 16 days followed by
a tablet containing estrogen and pro-
gestin combined for the remainder of
the days. As with the "combinations,"
menstrual flow usually starts 2 - 5 days
after the tablet-taking cycle is stopped.
38 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Because the sequentials tend to sim-
ulate the pattern of the normal men-
strual cycle, that is, estrogen early in
the cycle followed by progesterone, the
duration and volume of the menstrual
flow tends to remain unchanged.
Side effects of oral contraceptives
A small percentage of women ex-
perience side effects with both the
combination and sequential products.
The most common side effects appear
to be breakthrough (intennenstrual)
bleeding, nausea, slight breast tender-
ness, and weight change. á It is interest-
ing to note that while some women
gain weight, some appear to experience
weight loss, particularly with the
sequential products. 6 Depression, ir-
ritability, and headaches are some
subjective complaints.
For the most part these side effects
tend to lessen or disappear after the
first few cycles of tablet use. In some
cases they are severe enough to
warrant discontinuance of the method.
Precautions
Although no causal relationship
has been proven between the use of
progestin-estrogen compounds and
the development of thrombophlebitis,
doctors use caution when prescribing
oral cùntraceptives for patients with
thromboembolic disease or a history
of thrombophlebitis.
Patients with pre-existing fibroids,
epilep"y, migraine, asthma or a history
of psychic depression should be care-
fully observed. Pre-therapy examina-
tion should include a Papanicolaou
smear.
Contraindications
Oral contraceptives should not be
taken: in the presence of malignant
tumors of the breast or genital tract;
in the presence of significant liver
dysfunction or disease; in the presence
of cardiac or renal disorders which
might be adversely affected by some
degree of fluid retention; or during
the period a mother is breastfeeding
an infant.
Pregnancy
Patients are sometimes concerned
about planned pregnancies after the
medication is discontinued. It has
been found that fertility is not im-
DECEMBER 1967
Figure 2. Lippes Loop in position in model of uterus,
before polyethylene threads have been clipped.
paired nor are there changes in
the expected rate of fetal abnormal-
ities.7. H, D. 10
Acceptability
Because of extreme effectiveness
and the fact that they are taken
separately from the act of coitus, oral
contraceptives are highly acceptable as
a method of conception control. A
study of 2,040 women over 22,948
treatment cycles showed that "oral con-
traception in terms of effectiveness and
acceptability appears to be far superior
to any other available method."11
Intrauterine contraceptive devices
There are many different shapes
and sizes of intrauterine contraceptive
devices. Those which have undergone
the most extensive evaluation are
shown in Figure 1. The Lippes Loop
and the Gynekoil (coil) are made of
polyethylene. Each has a transcervical
appendage; the loop has two mono-
filament polyethylene threads, and the
coil has a stem with seven beads.
These extrusions are clipped after the
device has been inserted into the
DECEMBER 1967
uterus. The bow (made of poly-
ethylene) and the stainless steel ring
do not have the trans cervical ap-
pendages. These latter two are seldom
used in Canada. The polyethylene is
impregnated with barium salt to permit
visualization by x-ray.
Insertion
The sterile device is inserted during
or immediately after a menstrual
period. Insertion is easier during these
days and the post-insertion spotting,
which occurs in a significant number
of cases, is less disturbing to the
patient. Also, the possibility of an
existing pregnancy is ruled out.
The polyethylene devices have a
"memory capability," that is, they can
be straightened out for introduction
by means of a tube-like inserter and
plunger. In the uterus, the device
returns to its pre-insertion shape.
(Figure 2)
The beads or threads, which ex-
trude from the cervix, are clipped
short enough to avoid penile dis-
comfort for the husband, but long
enough to permit the patient to carry
out digital examination to determine
the continuing presence of the device.
Mechanism of action
These devices do not act by any
blockage of the cervix. Sperm are
found in the uterus and tubes, ovula-
tion and menstruation continue as
normal. It is not fully understood
how the devices prevent pregnancy
but to the best of our present
knowledge they may act by increasing
the speed of transmission of the ovum
from the ovary, through the tubes, to
the uterus. 12
Complications and side effects
In about 10 percent of cases, ex-
pulsion of the device occurs. 13 These
expulsions most often take place in
the first two or three months of use
and frequently occur at the time of
menses. Patients should be advised
to check pads and tampons and to
examine themselves after each period
to confirm that the device is in
position. Unnoticed expulsions are
often followed by an unplanned
pregnancy.14
Some post-insertion spotting occurs
in a high percentage of patients. Inter-
menstrual bleeding and/or menor-
rhagia is common during the first two
or three menstrual cycles. Persistent
and/or heavy bleeding is the most
common reason for removal of the
device by the physician. 15
Slight cramping is sometimes felt
at the time of insertion but this
usually subsequently subsides. Some
patients, however, experience cramp-
ing during the first few menstrual
periods.
Pregnancies have occurred with the
device
in situ. In these cases the
device is usually left in place. It
remains outside the fetal sac and IS
often delivered with the placenta at
term.
Perkin, reporting on the data of
11,222 first insertions from 43 con-
tributing institutions, states that the
pregnancy rate per 100 women at the
end of the first year was 2.4 percent
for the loop, 1.8 percent for the coil,
5.7 percent for the bow, and 7.5
percent for the stainless steel ring. If;
Contraindications
Reasons for not using intrauterine
devices include: pregnancy, genital
malignancy, acute or subacute pelvic
inflammatory disease, history of
menorrhagia or metrorrhagia (these
should be treated prior to insertion),
fibroids, and bicornuate or septate
uterus.
Acceptability
Perkin also states "...the intra-
uterine devices offer the following
advantages as a method of contracep-
tion: a) Sustained patient motivation
THE CANADIAN NURSE 39
...
..
\
)
.......
Figure 3. Diaphragm with spermicidal jelly covering
cervix and surrounding tissues.
-
.J
"
<1
Figure 4. Applicarion of spermicidal agent into
vaginal canal.
is not required. b) They are highly
effective. c) Fertility following removal
of the device is unaffected. d) The
method is independent of coitus.
e) They are inexpensive. The loop is
well tolerated by at least 75 percent
of women in whom it is inserted."1 j
As a rule intrauterine devices are
not inserted in a nuIliparous patient.
The incidence of cramping, bleeding,
and expulsions is much higher for
this group. By and large, these patients
are not considered to be good candi-
dates for this type of contraception.
Diaphragm with spermicidal jelly
The diaphragm is a dome-shaped
device made of latex rubber over a
flexible metal rim. It must be fitted
by a physician. When correctly in
place, it rests: anteriorly against the
soft tissues posterior to the symphysis
pubis; posteriorly, within the posterior
vaginal fornix; and circumferentially,
against the vaginal walls. Whether the
diaphragm is inserted dome up or
dome down, the spermicidal jelly used
with the diaphragm must be between
the diaphragm and the cervix. (Figure
3). The diaphragm and jelly must re-
main in place for at least six hours
following the last coitus. Douching
within that period of time may dilute
or remove the spermicidal jelly, so
should not be recommended.
This method offers the motivated
patient a fairly high level of protec-
tion. Displacement of the diaphragm
during coitus and improper or in-
consistent use usually accounts for the
40 THE CANADIAN NURSE
,
failure of this method. The pregnancy
rate has been reported as low as
five 1s and as high as twelve. ID
Some women find this method a
nuisance or complain that it interferes
with the spontaneity of the sex act.
For the woman who cannot or does
not wish to use the oral contraceptive
or the intrauterine devices, the dia-
phragm with a good spermicidal agent
offers a reasonable alternative.
Spermicidal agents - Jelly, cream,
foam
Spermicidal chemicals in a non-
reactive base of jelly. cream, or foam
are yet another method of contracep-
tion. These agents are placed, by
means of an applicator (Figure 4),
well back in the vagina, just prior to
sexual intercourse. Certain jellies and
creams, as well as being spermicidal,
also provide somewhat of a barrier to
sperm. However, some women find
the jeIlies and creams "messy" and
prefer the more esthetically pleasing
foam. 20
Patients who wish a simple, easy-
to-use method that does not require
a prescription readily accept this
method. The pregnancy rate for the
vaginal foams ranges from 2.7 to about
10 and for the creams and jellies from
about 3.5 to 15.
Condom
The condom is still the most widely
used of the mechanical methods. When
used with care and consistency, it
offers a fair degree of protection.
One study lists the pregnancy rate
as 6 to 16. 21 The main disadvantage
of this method is that its use interrupts
the sex act and often prevents com-
plete sexual satisfaction for one or
both partners. When the husband feels
that contraception is his responsibility,
the condom may be the method of
choice. z.!
Coitus interruptus (withdrawal>
This method of contraception, surely
the oldest in the world, is described
as the withdrawal of the penis from
the vagina just prior to ejaculation
so that the semen is not deposited
in or near the vagina. Conscious con-
trol by the husband is imperative if
the method is to be successful. Sperm
found in the urethral secretions prior
to ejaculation could theoretically cause
a pregnancy.
This method is often not considered
satisfying to either the husband or
the wife. 2 : i It carries an estimated
pregnancy rate of 35.
Rhythm method
The rhythm method is based on
identification of the time of ovulation
and then abstinence from sexual inter-
course around this time. The ovum
is fertilizable for about 12 - 24 hours
only. but sperm have been found to
be viable in the female genital tract
for up to five days.2
It becomes
imperative, therefore, that the couple
be able to avoid coitus well in advance
of the time of ovulation if this method
is to prove successful.
DECEMBER 1967
GROUP I Oral Contraceptives
Most effective Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices
GROUP II Diaphragm with Spermicidal Jelly
Very effective Aerosol Vaginal Foam
Jelly or Cream alone
Condom
GROUP III Rhythm Method
Less effective Coitus Interruptus
GROUP [V Vaginal Douche - plain or with chemicals added
Least effective Breast feeding
Non-spermicidal suppositories
Effectiveness Ratings
Arithmetical calculations, involving
the recording of the shortest and
longest menstrual cycles over a mini-
mum period of six months, are used.
Ovulation is also calculated by plotting
the basal body temperature.
In one particular study where
women were selected for their
menstrual regularity, the pregnancy
rate was found to be about 14. 2 :;
Menstrual irregularity and febrile con-
ditions can affect calculations of the
time of ovulation. The pregnancy rate
for the general population using the
rhythm method is estimated at 35.
Non-acceptable methods
Because sperm have been found in
the uterus and tubes very shortly after
ejaculation (2 - 3 minutes), douching
is considered to be a very poor method
of contraception. Non-spermicidal sup-
positories, too, offer little or no protec-
tion. It should be noted that lactation,
contrary to what some patients may
think, does not really provide protec-
tion against conception.
Permanent (surgical methods)
Vas resection or vasectomy is a
relatively permanent method of family
limitation although surgical reversi-
bility is sometimes possible. In this
simple operative procedure, spermato-
zoa are mechanically prevented from
traversing the length of the vas def-
erens by severing the vas and ligating
the cut ends. Libido and potency are
not impaired. 26
The surgical removal of sections
from both Fallopian tubes is the meth-
od of choice for female sterilization.
In appropriate situations this may be
done as a postpartum procedure or
as an elective operation in the non-
pregnant woman. 27
Conclusion
It is important to remember that
there is not yet one perfect method
DECEMBER 1967
of contraception. The method most
acceptable to the couple is the one
that will be used most consistently,
and hence, is the most effective for
them. The full range of methods -
oral contraceptives, intrauterine de-
vices, diaphragms, spermicidal agents,
condom, coitus interruptus, and
rhythm - offer the couple a selection
from which they can choose the one
best suited to their family planning
needs.
Non-directive counseling, which
counseling in family planning should
be, does not attempt to impose any
set of values or beliefs on the patient.
[t respects the right of the individual
to make her own decision. 2M
Many nurses in Canada are finding
that patients are looking to them for
guidance and information in this field.
A broad, precise knowledge of concep-
tion control is necessary to enable
the nurse to counsel comfortably and
confidently.
Traditionally, there has been in the
nursing profession a deep commitment
to the strengthening of the integrity
of the family and the development
of the individual.
We must seek to assure that each
child born will be, not a burden, but
a blessing - a welcome, wanted
addition to the family and to the
community.
References
I. Finch, B.E., and Green, H. Contracep-
tion Through the Ages. London, Peter
Owen Ltd., 1963.
2. Rice-Wray, Edris et al. Oral progestins
in fertility control: a comparative study.
Fertil. Steril. 14:4. July-Aug. 1963, pp.
402-409.
3. Mears, Eleanor. Oral contraceptives. In
PoIlock, Mary. Family Plal/I/il/g. Lon-
don, Bailliere. TindaIl & Cassell, 1966,
pp. 25-31.
4. Goldzieher, Joseph W. Newer drugs in
oral contraception. Med. Clin. N. Amer.,
48:2, March 1964, pp. 529-545.
5. Tyler, Edward T. Current status of oral
contraception. JAMA, Feb. 22, 1964,
pp. 562-565.
6. Newland, Donald A. et al. Effectiveness
of a sequential oral contraceptive tablet.
Obstet. Gynec., 28:4, Oct. 1966, pp. 516-
520.
7. Tyler, Edward T. et al. Long term
usage of norethindrone with mestranol
preparations in the control of human
fertility. Clin. Med., 71:6, June 1964,
pp. 997-1024.
8. Clinical Aspects of Oral Gestogens.
World Health Organization Technical
Report Series, #326, 1966.
9. Rovinsky, Joseph J. Clinical effective-
ness of a low dosage progestin-estrogen
combination. Obstet. Gynec, 23:1, Jan.
1964, pp. 125- 131.
10. Rice-Wray, Edris, et al. The accepta-
bility of oral progestins in fertility con-
trol. Metabolism, 14:3 Part 2, March
1965, pp. 451-456.
11. Ibid.
12. Perkin. Gordon. Intrauterine contracep-
tion. CMAJ, Feb. 26, 1966, pp. 431-436,
13. Ibid.
14. Tietze, Christopher, and Lewit, Sarah.
Intrauterine contraception: effectiveness
& acceptability. Excerpta Med. Inter-
national Congress Series #86, Oct.
1964, pp. 98-110.
15. Perkin, op. eit.
16. Perkin, op. eit.
17. Perkin, op. eit.
18. Dubrow, Hilliard, and Gutmacher, Alan
F. The present status of contraception.
J. Mount Sinai Hosp., N.Y. 26:2, Mar.-
Apr. 1959, pp. 118-124.
19. Wiseman. Aviva. Oral contraceptives in
family planning. College of General
Practice of Canada, Journal, 12:9, June
1966, pp. 15-21.
20. Kleppinger, Richard K. A vaginal con-
traceptive foam. Penn. Med. J. April
1965, pp. 31-34.
21. Dubrow, op. eit.
22. Tietze. Christopher. The condom. In
Calderone, M.S. Manual of Contracep-
tive Practice. London, Williams &
Wilkins, 1964, pp. 181-187.
23. SjövaIl, Elisabet. Coitus interruptus. In
Calderone, M.S. Manual of Contracep-
th'e Practice. 1.ondon, Williams & Wil-
kins, 1964, pp. 202-206.
24. Jeffcoate, T.N. Principles of Gynecolo-
gy. London, Butterworth, 1957.
25. Dubrow, op. eit.
26. Ferber, William L Male sterilization.
In Calderone, M.S. Manual of Contra-
ceptive Practice, London, Williams &
Wilkins, 1964, pp. 246-249.
27. Wood, H. Curtis, Jr. Female steriliza-
tion. In Calderone, M.S. Manual of
Contracepth'e Practice. London, Wil-
liams & Wilkins, 1964, pp. 233-241.
28. Chesterman, H. Public Health nurse and
family planning. Nurs. Outlook, Sept.
1964, pp. 32-34. 0
THE CANADIAN NURSE 41
The terms used to describe the
sexual relationship between two fe-
males - lesbian or sapphic love -
date back to 600 B.c. Sappho, the
famous Greek poetess of that time,
had gathered together in her House
of Muses on the Island of Lesbos a
group of young girls who devoted
themselves to dancing, poetry, and
homosexual practices. Also, all of
Sappho's poetic works are one long
cry of love for the female sex.
Homosexuality in females existed
at a much earlier age in Egyot as
well as in ancient China and India.
The Kamasutra (an ancient Hindu
text on mystical erotics) describes
lesbian practices in Indian and Persian
harems where each woman had a
lover of her own sex.
Homosexual behavior also was com-
mon in the days of the Roman Em-
pire. Lucian, Martial, and Juvenal
wrote in praise or condemnation of
this behavior, which they observed at
the baths or in patrician palaces.
The attitude toward lesbianism in
the Renaissance period was one of
amused indulgence. During the Seven-
teenth and Eighteenth Centuries, sap-
phic love was invested with a new
status through art and literature. In
the novel Juçtine et Juliette, which has
lesbianism as its central theme, the
Marquis de Sade gave an accurate
description of this period and informa-
tion on the frequency with which
homosexual behavior was encountered
in Europe. There are also references
to it in the works of Balzac and
Daudet, among others.
Homosexuality has been dealt with
scientifically only in modern times.
Writers such as Havelock Ellis, Hirch-
field, Freud, and Adler, as well as
Kinsey, have examined it from the
psychological, psychoanalytical and
sociological point of view. Some psy-
choanalysts see lesbianism as a psy-
42 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Some sexologists suggest that there are more females who are homosexual than
males. Yet female homosexuality has received comparatively little study.
Homosexual ity
among women
Réjane Rancourt, I.L., L.P.s. and Thérèse limoges, B.Sc.Soc., M.A. Crim.
chological phenomenon that appears
to be determined, in large part, by
external or social circumstances. It
should be recognized, however, that
researchers have given little attention
to this deviation. Even now, its most
important aspects escape sexologists.
Nature of female homosexuality
Homosexuality is not easy to define.
Where does it begin? Where does it
end? Are we justified in referring to
homosexuality only when we are faced
with clearly characterized behavior
that culminates in orgasm between
two partners of the same sex? On
the other hand, can its existence be
suspected in all cases where two
persons of the same sex feel attracted
to one another?
This first definition of homosexual-
ity, which limits the use of the term
to actual homosexual behavior, seems
too restrictive. It excludes all sexual
desires that produce. internally, cer-
tain somatic responses of eroticism
(for example, secretions). Marcel Eck's
definition appears to be the most satis-
factory since it is extensive and ap-
plicable to individuals of both sexes:
.. A homosexual is any individual who,
exclusively or preeminently, desires
sexual relationship with a partner of
his or her own sex."1
Any human relationship is sexual
in that it is experienced by a male
or female individual. It is said to be
sexualized when it involves the genital
elements of the sexual being. These
are far less localized in woman than
in man. According to Dr. Eck, sexual-
ity is much more diffused in women
than in men; it involves and changes
Miss Rancourt is a student in criminology
at the University of Montreal. Miss Limoges.
author of La pro.flitution à Montréal, is on
the faculty of the University of Montreal.
the woman's whole being to a much
greater degree than it involves and
changes any of her specific sexual
organs':! This is probably why women
have more need for demonstrations
of affection.
Where, then, do we draw the line
between those relationships that in-
volve only friendship and those that
involve homosexuality? For females
we should identify homosexuality
through the application of psychologi-
cal, rather than physical criteria. These
psychological criteria include an ex-
aggerated need for the presence of
another woman, and the exclusive
nature of the relationship that may
result in jealousy and other types of
anxiety. Although physical exchanges
may remain well below the level of
total intimacy in such cases, the rela-
tionship is eroticized to the extent that
it inhibits the search for a heterosexual
partner.
Eck's definition thus appears most
complete in that it includes the type
of woman who displays the above
characteristics, as well as those whose
homosexual behavior is clearly evident.
This definition serves equally well for
women (such as prostitutes) who in-
dulge in heterosexual relationships
without being predominently drawn
toward the other sex.
Because of a female's physical con-
stitution, it is easier for her than for
a male (who must be sexually potent
to perform heterosexual acts) to in-
dulge in repeated contacts with the
other sex, even in those cases when
any desire to do so is lacking.
Caprio has claimed that 80 percent
of prostitutes indulge in homosexual-
ity,a a fact that one of the authors of
this article, Limoges, confirmed during
research carried out among prostitutes
in Montreal. Others have noted the
late appearance of homosexual be-
havior among married women who
DECEMBER 1967
have several children.
Volume and frequency
It is difficult to determine the per-
centage of the female population that
is addicted to lesbianism. Estimates
can be based only on approximations.
According to Ellis, homosexuality
in females is twice as high as in
males. 4 In England, it apparently in-
volves from 4 to 10 percent of the
entire female population. Hamilton has
estimated that of 100 American wom-
en questioned, homosexual reactions
were noted in 26 cases.:;
Davis records a homosexuality rate
of 51.2 percent in a sample of 1200
unmarried women. Of this latter group,
however, only 20 percent actually had
sexual relations with persons of their
own sex.'; Landis found that 91 per-
cent of women that he interviewed
were involved, during adolescence, in
a sentimental homosexual experience;
however. 33 of the 34 women ques-
tioned subsequently became complete-
ly heterosexual. Only one continued
to engage in homosexual relations.'
The Kinsey report provides detailed
data about female homosexuality in
the United States. I< Kinsey found that
the frequency rate is higher among un-
married than married women; in the
former, sexual contacts may reach as
high as 16 percent at age 25, and 26
percent at age 35. In married women.
homosexuality accompanied by sexual
contact does not rise above one to three
percent. From the Kinsey studies, it
can be concluded that the rate of
homosexuality in females is approx-
imately one-half that of males, and
one-third if account is taken only of
contact accompanied by orgasm.
Among women, almost one-half of
these experiences take place within a
one-year period.
Recent writers suggest that there
are more homosexual females than
males. Since homosexuality among
women is less visible than among men
and meets with less social intolerance,
these writers believe that estimations
of female lesbianism are inaccurate.
Forms of female homosexuality
A distinction has been made be-
tween accidental and habitual homo-
sexuality. A further distinction should
be made in terms of the various types
of relationships. Among lesbian cou-
ples, whether the relationship be per-
manent or temporary, various forms
can be noted. All represent counter-
feits or deformations of certain types
of normal interpersonal relationships.
For example, counterfeit mother-
daughter relationships with added
sexual behavior are found frequently
in boarding schools and in the theatri-
DECEMBER 1967
cal world. Here, the teacher or the
star may be sexually attracted to the
newcomer. Conversely, the latter may
look to her older partner for feminine
protection or physical demonstrations
of affection.
Counterfeit sister-sister relationships,
though by no means infrequent, are
more rarely observed. In these in-
stances, two friends who are involved
in a common experience make their
relationship closer by homosexual rela-
tions. Colette, in some of her novels,
has shown how lesbian love can play
a comforting role in the life of certain
friends.
A third type of relationship involves
counterfeit man-women relationships:
one of the partners takes the part of
the lover, the other, that of the mis-
tress. This type of relationship has
been described in Radcliffe Hall's
novel The Well of Loneliness, whose
heroine, an active, virile type of
woman, lives with a somewhat younger
woman whom she controls in an au-
thoritarian manner. In this case the re-
lationship resembles a husband-wife
partnership.
Homosexuality among women is
more often an individual occurrence
involving only two partners. Lesbians
do not form a world of their own as do
their male counterparts, who have an
institutionalized subculture with its
own morals, newspapers, jargon, and
meeting places. Male homosexuals see
themselves as members of a minority
group that is oppressed by a majority
of heterosexuals, forcing them to take
refuge in a clandestine contraculture.
Social reaction
Laws concerning homosexuality dif-
fer according to the sex involved. Most
European countries continue to make
a distinction between homosexuality in
males and in females. In Austria,
Greece, Finland, and Switzerland, def-
inite laws exist for homosexuality for
both male and female. In the United
States and Canada, homosexuality
comes under the law that deals with
sexual offences, which is applicable to
both sexes. Rarely, however, is this
law enforced for female offenders.
Generally speaking, public opinion
conforms to his legal attitude. It shows
considerable indulgence toward homo-
sexuality in females and, as often as
not, amused indifference.
This legal difference reflects the fact
that homosexuality in females is less
obvious. Also, sexual contact involving
the genital organs is less frequent
among female homosexuals; conse-
quently, the authorities are inclined to
take a less serious view of it. Since
lesbians rarely change partners, they
prostitute themselves infrequently. In-
stances of blackmail, indecent expo-
sure, murder, or assault and battery
among lesbians are infrequent.
Medical experience shows that les-
bians seldom become involved in con-
flictive relationships and just as seldom
consult a psychiatrist about their de-
viation. For all these reasons, homo-
sexuality in females is less well known
than homosexuality in males. It follows
that the aura of mystery surrounding
lesbians has contributed to the public's
attitude toward it.
Etiology
The possible causes of homosexual-
ity usually are discussed under these
headings:
I. Genetic and endocrine factors.
2. Psychological causes.
3. Social determinants.
Genetic and Endocrine Factors
The consensus is that genetic and
endocrine factors are of secondary
importance in any examination of the
genesis of homosexuality, except in
very obvious cases of organic bisexual-
ity (hermaphroditism) or of endocrine
disturbances related to adrenal gland
conditions.
Freud believed that each individual
has within him inherited male and
female biological characteristics. This
bisexual explanation has served as a
theoretical basis to explain homosex-
uality. Although this hypothesis has
not been discarded entirely, recent bio-
logical and genetic developments have
served to discredit it. Homosexuality
is now believed to be psychic in char-
acter.
Allen argues that the theory of bi-
sexuality is untenable, since homo-
sexuality is amenable to therapy; dis-
orders of genetic origin do not respond
to psychotherapeutic treatment. Sandor
Rado rejects the use of the term "bi-
sexuality" to describe a lack of sexual
differentiation of the embryo in its
early stages of development. He prefers
to speak of "bipotentiality of differen-
tiation," which means that the zygote
is capable of masculine or feminine
development. 9
Psychological factors
The main causes of homosexuality ap-
pear to be psychological.
Following an extended study on
male homosexuality, the Research
Committee of the Society of Medical
Psychoanalysis in the United States
(which now is carrying out a long-
term study on homosexuality in fe-
males), arrived at the following con-
clusion: "We assume that heterosex-
uality is a biologic norm and that un-
less interfered with all individuals are
heterosexual. Homosexuals do not by-
THE CANADIAN NURSE 43
pass heterosexual developmental phases
and all remain potentially heterosex-
ual. "10
This opinion confirms Rado's belief
that male homosexual adaptation is a
result of "hidden but incapacitating
fears of the opposite sex."]] In this
respect, what is true of the male prob-
ably is true of the female. What, then,
are the reasons for such retarded psy-
chosexual development?
Whether exponents of various the-
ories speak of homosexuality as a
disturbance of the individual's rela-
tionship with his body (Merleau-Pon-
ty), as a sexual response to abnormal
stimuli (Rado), as an acquired be-
havior > (Perloff), or as a fixation of
sexualíty at an earlier state (psycho-
analysts), the fact remains that all, im-
plicitly or not, accept the theory that
its beginnings can be traced to the
individual's past experiences.
Homosexuality is, then, a distur-
bance in the choice of the sexual object.
Desire and sexual pleasure remain, but
are directed toward a person of ident-
ical sex. In the Freudian view, the
choice of the object is a three-stage
process:
1. In early life, sexual instinct (in
the very broad sense of the word, ex-
cluding the genital order) is autoerotic,
that is, the child selects himself as
object.
2. As the child acquires the ability
to communicate with the outside world,
he discovers an external object, his
mother, who relieves his tensions by
satisfying his needs.
3. Finally, the individual selects the
nature of the sexual object in terms of
the genital order. Normally, the object
chosen is of the opposite sex, which is
recognized as the most appropriate
means to relieve sexual tension.
Within the female homosexual there
appears to be a main causal factor that
prevents the individual from progres-
sing to this third stage. This factor is
anxiety, which inhibits the woman's
capacity for stimulation by a hetero-
sexual object and forces her to seek
compensation through a deviated pat-
tern of stimulation.
Anxiety toward the opposite sex
may originate in extremely varied ex-
periences, giving rise to a highly varied
pattern of fear: fear of growing up and
assuming adult responsibilities; fear of
dominance and destruction through
bodily penetration; and fear of mutil-
ation by pregnancy and childbirth.
Homosexuality may be an expression
of defiance of parents and society, or
a desire to conquer and possess the
domineering or rejecting mother by
identifying her with the female lover.]2
The presence of such fears suggests the
44 THE CANADIAN NURSE
existence of an unfavorable home en-
vironment with unsatisfactory sexual
differentiation, both on the parents'
side and on the children's side.]3
In its preliminary conclusions about
female homosexuals, the Research
Committee of the Society of Medical
Psychoanalysis reports that it has been
able to isolate a "typical father" and a
"typical mother" of these patients. H
The typical father is inclined to be de-
tached, disinterested, and weak; the
typical mother, on the other hand,
often is a domineering individual who
tends to encourage feelings of guilt in
her daughter. The latter, in turn, is
hostile to her mother; she is unable
to turn to her father in whom she
perceives nothing but weakness.
We believe that the reverse situation
--domineering father, weak mother-
also may bring about homosexuality in
the daughter.
In many families, children are taught
that sex is reprehensible and wicked
and fraught with dangers in its conse-
quences for the daughter. This attitude
may cause the daughter to deny the
existence of heterosexuality or the
parents to deny the possibility of homo-
sexual behavior in their daughter in
spite of evidence to the contrary.
Given such an atmosphere, it is not
surprising that the daughter experi-
ences feelings of such acute anxiety
toward the opposite sex that she sub-
merges her heterosexual tendencies and
adapts a deviant behavior to avoid the
"dangers" she attributes to the opposite
sex.
Social factors
The very existence of homosexuality
shows that sexual instincts are charac-
terized by a certain plasticity, and that
cultural considerations help to shape
sexual behavior.
Romm notes that until quite recent-
ly a deprecatory attitude existed to-
ward the sexual role of women.]5
Women were expected to submit to
sexual intercourse, not through any
personal desire or for reasons of per-
sonal pleasure, but to afford pleasure
to the male. Subsequently, reference
readily was made to female masochism;
the basic tenet in this instance being
that this was a fact of nature rather
than a fact of culture.
Finally, too little recognition has
been given to the fact that sexual
morality and legislation, which are two
forms of social reaction, both take a
far less serious view of lesbianism than
of male homosexuality. On the other
hand, society is far less tolerant of the
woman who engages in illicit hetero-
sexual behavior that it is of the man
The fact that morality and legislation
have been, up to now, mostly deter-
mined by males, suggests that this con-
tradictory system or double moral and
social standard is directed to safe-
guard a certain type of male suprem-
acy; this might explain society's indif-
ference to what women do when left
to themselves. This indifference has
important consequences in the treat-
ment of female homosexuality and on
its frequency.
Treatment
Female homosexuals usually experi-
ence less guilt feelings than the male
homosexual. Related paranoidal reac-
tions are less frequent in females, sug-
gesting an explanation for their lack
of concern, compared to males, about
seeking a cure for their condition. Al-
so, women are less hesitant about
abandoning psychotherapy that is de-
signed to help them become hetero-
sexual.
For those women who persevere
with treatment, the results are as satis-
factory as they are for men. The treat-
ment is not limited specifically to the
deviation, however, since the patient
frequently has a neurosis with the at-
tendant prùblem of poor interpersonal
relations. Thus, it is essential to base
treatment on the total personality, not
just on the sexual deviation.
References
1. Eck, M. Sodome, essai SUT 1'llOmosexua-
lité. Paris. Fayard, 1966, p. 13.
2. Ibid., p. 30.
3. Caprio, F. S. L'homosexualité de la fem-
me. Paris. Payot, 1957.
4. Ellis, H. Studies in tile Psycllology of
Sex, vol. 2. New York, Boni, 1936.
5. Hamilton, D. M. Some aspects of homo-
sexuality in relation to total personality
development. Psych. QuaT. no. 13. 1939,
p. 229-44.
6. Davis, K. B. Factors in Sex Life of 2200
Women. New York. Harper. 1929.
7. Landis. C. Sex in Development. New
York, Harper, 1940
8. Kinsey. A. C. et al. Sexual Behavior in
the Human Female. Philadelphia, Saun-
ders, 1953.
9. Rado, S. A critical examination of the
concept of bisexuality. Sexual Inversion,
ed. J. Marmor. New York, Basic Book,
1965.
10. Wilbur, Cornelia B. Clinical aspects of
female homosexuality. Sexual Inversion,
ed. J. Marmor. New York. Basic Book,
1965, p. 268.
I I. Ibid.
12. Romm, May E. Sexuality and homosex-
uality in women. Sexulll Inversion, ed.
J. Marmor. New York. Basic Book,
1965.
13. Ed, op. cit p. 13.
14. Wilbur, C. op. cit. p. 275.
15. Romm, op. cil. p. 282. 0
DECEMBER 1967
...
.
(
I
Employee health
The patient is the most important
person and all services should con-
tribute to his care. Health services
for employees do - by keeping staff
healthy, and at the patient's bedside.
The patient is not the only benefac-
tor.
For years, employers have been
concerned about health of employees
- as a matter of dollars and cents.
Most large stores and manufacturing
plants employ occupational health
nurses to help reduce absenteeism,
improve job performance, and reduce
overhead costs. Employees have re-
cognized that not all benefits of the
health service go to the employer.
Workers, too, reap benefits from con-
trol of hazards to health or safety,
prompt treatment, and continuing care
of ailments, proper job placement,
counseling on health matters, promo-
tion of health education, and reduc-
tion in cost of insurance and medical
care plans.
Hospital administration, even in
large institutions employing hundreds
of persons, have been slow to estab-
lish employee health services. Re-
quests from nursing associations and
the demands of unions of non-profes-
sional hospital workers have brought
pressure on hospitals to establish em-
ployee health services.
Introducing a health service
In introducing a health service for
hospital employees, one must first
survey the overall initial need. Guid-
DECEMBER 1967
.
.
service
Patients, administration, staff - everybody benefits when employees are healthy,
happy, and on the job.
Norma McNaughton
ance in developing the program may
be obtained from the nursing con-
sultants in occupational health in
both the federal and provincial gov-
ernments. A very useful pamphlet is
Guiding Principles for an Occupation-
al Health Program in Hospital Em-
ployee Group, prepared jointly by the
American Hospital and American
Medical Associations.
Local hospitals, the Metropolitan
Life Insurance Company, and the
Civil Service Health Division also
provide help and encouragement in
setting up a new program. However,
each health service must set up its
own methods of conduct and estab-
lish its own standards according to
the available facilities and the needs
of the employees.
Facilities vary from a filing cab-
inet in a clothes closet and corridor
consultations to a lavish clinic room
and big office for personal interviews.
One southern Ontario hospital is
functioning successfully with a small
basement office that has an even
smaller area for treatments - so suc-
cessfully in fact that when the new
wing now under construction is com-
pleted, a new large easily-accessabJe
health service area, consisting of a
.ioint waiting room and secretary's of-
fice, a treatment room, a nurse's of-
fice, a rest room with comfortable
bed, a bathroom, and a large storage
closet, will be available.
Miss McNaughton is Health Nurse at the
Riverside Hospital of Ottawa. Ontario.
Health is a personal responsibility
Basically, an employee's health is
his own responsibility. An employee
health service is not intended to sup-
ersede this responsibility nor to take
the place of a family doctor. First
aid may be given for minor disorders
for which the employee would not
reasonably be expected to seek the
attention of a personal physician, and
palliative treatment for minor injuries
or illnesses can be given to enable
the individual to complete the current
work shift before consulting his own
doctor.
Most hospitals do not employ a
physician for the health service, but
rely on doctors on call in the emer-
gency department to care for the
needs of the employee. In most hos-
pitals, employees have some type of
insurance that pays for visits to a
doctor's office; if medical insurance is
not available, a policy that defines
how costs will be met should be es-
tablished.
Although health is a personal res-
ponsibility, hospital workers have re-
strictions. Certain health practices -
such as pre-employment physicals -
may be required by hospital policy;
others - such as yearly stool cultures
for all food handlers - are provin-
cial legal requirements. The health
service helps the employee to comply
with the regulations and policies.
Prevention of i!lness
In Ontario, Regulation 523 of the
THE CANADIAN NURSE 45
Public Hospitals Act concerns hos-
pital management. This Act states
that any food handler must have a
physical examination and stool exam-
ination and culture within seven days
of the commencement of his employ-
ment and annually thereafter. An an-
nual physical examination of student
nurses, graduate nurses, and register-
ed nursing assistants is also a re-
quirement. Within 14 days of his em-
ployment, every hospital employee
must receive an intradermal tubercu-
lin test and x-ray film of his chest.
Each province has its own regulations
and the employee health service helps
both hospital and employee to meet
these.
At Riverside Hospital, all food
handlers, nurses, nursing assistants,
and orderlies have annual physical
examinations. These are done by their
own family doctor on a fonn provid-
ed by the hospital or by the doctor
on duty in the emergency department.
All other employees have a health
appraisal. The health nurse keeps a
record of their past illnesses, injuries,
operations, medications, allergies or
sensitivities, and reviews their general
physical appearance, height, weight,
blood pressure, vision, and hearing.
This health review provides employ-
ees with an opportunity to become
familiar with the health service pro-
gram.
The health service is also respon-
sible for the tuberculosis control pro-
gram. This program has two purp-
oses: prevention of infection, and
early detection of infection of indivi-
duals. All patients have an admission
chest film; all new employees must
have one also. In addition, employees
receive an intradennal tuberculin test
unless they are known to be positive
reactors. All positive reactors have an
annual chest x-ray. The negative re-
actors in contact with patients must
have the Mantoux test every six
months. Negative reactors among
clerical staff and other employees not
in close contact with patients have
the Mantoux yearly. An employee
who converts from a negative reactor
to a positive reactor will have a chest
x-ray immediately, and then every
three months for a year, every six
months the next year, and then an-
46 THE CANADIAN NURSE
nually. He will be referred for pro-
phylactic treatment at the time of
conversion. There are no restrictions
preventing an employee from being
employed in a hospital when his
tuberculosis is inactive.
Health teaching
Even counting lacerations, burns,
and back injuries, the hospital em-
ployee faces less accident hazards
than the one in industry; but he is
more exposed to infection. Personnel
must be educated to realize the impor-
tance of good health practices in keep-
ing up resistance to infection. All em-
ployees should know the importance
of reporting infections promptly.
All employees leaving work because
of illness and returning to work fol-
lowing illness should report to the em-
ployee health service. This practice
safeguards patients and co-workers
and assists in the control of commun-
icable diseases.
Health education appropriately goes
hand in hand with safety education.
Safety education should teach safe
work practices, such as proper lifting
and the use of available equipment
and protection against infection.
The health service nurse will do
much health teaching on an individual
basis. She also might participate in
some group teaching on topics such as
infection control or accident preven-
tion.
Elimination of hazards
A program that focuses attention
only on cure, or only on prevention
and treatment of diseases, will waste
dollars, hours, and energy in "picking
up the pieces" after health accidents
that need not have occurred. The
health nurse is concerned with preven-
tion of illness through promotion of
health and health teaching, but equal-
ly important, she can help prevent ac-
cidents and illnesses by elimination of
hazards.
For example, if housekeeping and
maintenance staff are coming tù the
health service with small puncture
wounds received when emptying garb-
age, the health service nurse would
check on this recurring accident. She
might find that such wounds are caus-
ed by disposable needles and scalpel
blades. She would then recommend a
safer means of discarding these, such
as small tin cans kept on the medica-
tion and treatment cupboards for safe
disposal.
Treatment
Treatment for minor accidents, such
as small burns, scratches, headaches,
may be referred through the health
service. Other treatment can be car-
ried out in the emergency department
under the supervision of the house
doctor, or, when necessary, the pa-
tient's own doctor.
The health service nurse usually has
responsibility for filling out workmen's
compensation forms, and so must be
notified of all on-the-job injuries.
Counseling and "just listening" oc-
cupy a good percentage of the health
nurse's time. The health service nurse
must be prepared to maintain a fair,
objective, neutral attitude regarding
work problems as many of the prob-
lems involve her dual responsibility to
employee and management.
Home visits
As a service to the employees, and
as an indication that the hospital is
interested in the total welfare of its
staff, home visits may be made to staff
members who are off duty because of
illness. In planning the work, an ef-
fort is made to give priority to the
people who seem most in need of the
nurse's visit. This priority list will in-
clude: employees requesting a visit;
requests from a department head when
he has reason to be concerned about
an employee; persons with a chronic
medical problem; and employees liv-
ing alone, or new to the city.
Home visits often reveal problems
other than illness that have caused
absence from duty. For example, a
woman may not report for duty because
her alcoholic husband has beaten her,
or a man may need to remain with
the children if his wife is ill. In situa-
tions such as these it often is possible
to assist in arranging referrals to vari-
ous community agencies.
Inside and outside hospital, health
rather than sickness should be of
prime importance. 0
DECEMBER 1967
Expectation -
its role in nursing home care
Patients in nursing homes usually
are at a psychological disadvantage.
They have suffered heavy losses in
physical health; in social position; and
in meaningful roles within their fam-
ilies, among their friends, and in the
community. They have had to cope
with these losses and adjust to them.
Frequently, the end result of these
losses is a decline in self-esteem, and,
ultimately, à decline in self-confi-
dence. These are the most difficult
losses of all, since without them the
person has no purpose in life. For
him, life is without value.
The nurse who cares for such a pa-
tient faces a difficult problem: how
can she help him if he is disinterested
in life? As a beginning, she can get to
know and understand him.
Begin with understanding
To understand her patient, the nurse
first must understand herself. What
gives her self-esteem? What puts
meaning and value into her own life?
Is it not the belief that she has
something to offer others, something
that commands respect? Is it not get-
ting up in the morning knowing that
she has a meaningful task to perform,
or finding that she can master some-
thing she feared she could not and
receiving attention for it?
To be of help to the patient, the
nurse must realize that life degener-
ates into mere physical existence when
what we have within us is not wanted
or needed by others; when we get up
in the morning knowing that no one is
counting upon us for anything; when
the opposite sex couldn't care less
whether we are around or not; ":,hen
DECEMBER 1967
For patients in some nursing homes, "Iiving" is nothing more than mere physical
existence. Putting the "Iife" back into living should be a major concern of nurses.
Walter Lyons
life holds no challenge, however,
small; and when every day is as pre-
dictable as the setting and rising sun.
Capacity for stress
The human personality, like the
human body, is constructed to be
used. We know that the body, unused,
atrophies and shrivels; it retains its
vitality only as it is subjected to stress
- not overstress, but stress appro-
priate to its condition. We also know
that the capacity for stress increases
with proper usage. The aging process
eventually will reduce this capacity,
but only disease and death will elim-
inate it.
So it is with the personality. It
flourishes with stress that it is able
to handle, but withers with too little
stress, or is crushed with overstress.
Since age decreases the capacity for
stress, a certain amount of withdraw-
al must follow; however, only disease
and death can eliminate this capacity.
A normal amount of stress, in the
fonn of "expectation," is needed for
all persons; those in nursing homes
are no exception. Without this "ex-
pectation," only physical existence is
possible.
Discussion needed
The nurse should encourage each
patient to take as much responsibility
for his own care as possible. This
means she will need more than a
cheery disposition and a good humor.
Mr. Lyons is Associate Administrator of
the Jewish Home for the Aged, Toronto.
She needs time to sit down and dis-
cuss things with him.
What things? Real things: the at-
tempts he makes at self-care; whether
or not he dresses and grooms himself;
what he reads; whether he truly enjoys
his food and what other foods he
would like; and whether he would
like to get acquainted with other pa-
tients.
What things? The news, the life in
a nursing home, his family, his joys
and his sorrows. If his conversation
becomes more repetitive and boring
than his capacity warrants, he should
be told so; other topics of conversa-
tion can be suggested. With encourage-
ment he can learn to listen as well
as to talk, to weigh before he rejects,
to think and learn, not to stay isolated.
All of this activity creates expec-
tation. A standard is set, and a value
system is there to be lived up to. To
successfully create such expectation,
the staff must be conscious of their
own values and biases. If biases are
known and acknowledged they can
be pushed to the background, and
values and expectations that encour-
age patients to be active must be
stressed.
Time is scarce
The nurse who provides expecta-
tion will be busy, but not with a dull,
predictable routine. And perhaps she
will have more time to spend on nurs-
ing rather than on tasks that patients
could learn to do themselves with pa-
tience and encouragement. More im-
portant, her efforts may result in hap-
pier patients, who demand less time
and attention. 0
THE CANADIAN NURSE 47
Facts about
Nursing
In Canada
A study conducted by the National
League for Nursing. on the cost of diplo-
ma programs in the United States revea-
led that the cost of preparing nurses in
these programs varied significantly with
the size of thc student enrollment in the
school.
In this study, schools were classified as
small (having enrollments of 69 or less),
medium (70-119), and large (120 or
more). Costs of both educational and non-
educational functions were investigated.
Included in educational functions were
"provisions for nursing students' instruc-
tional program and counseling, separate
libraries for nursing students, and the
keeping of educational records." Non-
educational functions included "provision
for nursing students' housing, meals,
laundry and recreation, and separate
health services for nursing students."
Among the conclusions drawn from the
study was the fact that small schools -
those with enrollments of 69 or less -
were appreciably more expensive to oper-
ate, in terms of cost per student, than
Can we afford
small schools?
medium and large schools. Whereas the
median costs per student per week in the
latter two groups were $54.17 and
$54.44, respectively, and thus differed by
only 27 cents, the median cost in the
small schools was $70.63 per student per
week, representing an additional amount
over the average cost of the medium and
large schools of $16.32.
What deductions can be made if the
results of this cost study are hypothetical-
ly applied to Canadian diploma schools?
As can be seen in the pie graphs below,
33 Canadian diploma schools (19% of
the total) had enrollments in 1966 of 69
or less, 63 (36%) had enrollments of 70-
119, and 77 (45%) had enrollments of
120 or more. A total of 1,693 students
(7% of all diploma school students) were
enrolled in the small schools, 5,686
(24%) were enrolled in the medium-size
schools, and 16,552 (69%) in the large
schools.
When the cost differential of $16.32
per week is applied to each of the 1,693
students enrolled in the small schools, the
calculation reveals that the small schools
bore a total incremental cost of $27,630
per week because of their small enroll-
ments.
Averaging this cost of $27,630 among
the 33 small schools shows that each
school bore a cost of more than $837 per
week, or $43,524 per year, which would
have been unnecessary if the students en-
rolled in these schools had been enrolled,
instead, in medium or large schools.
The magnitude of the expense of pre-
paring nurses in small schools becomes
even clearer when viewed as an annual
cost incurred by 33 small schools for only
7% of all student nurses - the amount
is greater than $1,436,292!
Is this a wise investment of our educa-
tional dollars?
· Harold R. Rowe, and Hessel H. Flit-
ter, Study on Cost of Nursing Education
- Part 1: Cost of Basic Diploma
Courses, New York, National League for
Nursing, 1964.
Diploma Schools in Canada, by Size of Student Enrollment, 1966
Number of Small. Medium
and Large Schools
(Total = 173)
33
19%
Medium
63
36%
Number of Students
in Small. Medium and Large Schools
(Total = 23.931)
Small
1.693
7%
Key to Schools
by Size of Student
Enrollment:
D
Small
(69 or less)
Medium
5.686
24%
D
Medium
(70-119)
Large
(120 or more)
Source: Resea rch
Unit. Canadian
Nurses' Association.
1967
48 THE CANADIAN NURSE
DECEMBER 1967
research abstracts
Hendersen, 'ane.A study of the relaJion-
ship between a nurse's knowledge of phys-
iological principles and her performance
of a specific technical procedure. Mon-
treal, 1967. Research Project (M.Sc.(A))
McGill University.
This study examines the relationship be-
tween a nurse.s knowledge of physiological
principles and her performance of a related
technical procedure.
The study, exploratory in type, was car-
ried out in a general teaching hospital. One
procedure, oxygen inhalation therapy, was
selected as a focus. The procedure was di-
vided into six steps. Each step was an ob-
servable act that rested on a physiological
principle. Criteria for measuring correct and
incorrect performance and criteria for asses-
sing correct and incorrect knowledge were
established for each step.
Forty subjects were selected from the reg-
istered nurses employed by the hospital.
Relevant data were collected by the tech-
niques of interview and observation. The
significance of the data was tested using
the chi-square test.
A significant association between know-
ledge and performance was found.
Kutschke, Myrtle A. The effect of the di-
versional activity of painting-by-number
on cardiac output. Boston, 1966. Thesis
(M.S.) Boston University.
The study was designed to find the effect
of painting-by-number on cardiac output. A
review of the literature showed that bed
rest is ordered to minimize cardiac output,
a parameter that varies directly with energy
requirement. Both physical and mental rest
are important, since the presence of anxiety
increases cardiac output. Diversion is a
human need that has an anxiety-reducing
function. Criteria are needed to guide the
nurse in providing forms of diversion, con-
sistent with the medical plan of care.
The IS subjects, who were students of
nursing, painted-by-number on two differ-
ent days. On one day, the arms were sup-
ported; on the other, no support was given.
Measurements of blood pressure and pulse
rate were obtained after periods of initial
rest, IS minutes of activity, 30 minutes of
activity, and terminal rest. Starr's formula
was used to estimate cardiac output. In
addition, the pulse rate was considered as a
separate parameter.
The major conclusion was that painting-
by-number is an acceptable form of diver-
DECEMBER 1967
sion for patients on bed rest. The activity
caused a decrease in cardiac output, which
was greater when arms were supported.
Because the rest period did not seem to
be enjoyed, an increase during that period
may have caused an overall decrease during
activity.
The difference in the pulse rate between
rest and activity were low positive values,
which may have been more accurate indi-
cators. In comparing the first and second
day, the negative change in cardiac output
was greater on the latter, indicating that
experience affected the results.
Recommendations included the use of
a larger sample and more refined methods
of measuring parameters to find if I.
healthy adults increase their cardiac output
during required rest; and 2. diversion causes
less increase in cardiac output in individuals
with high anxiety than low anxiety. It was
also recommended that cardiac output be
calculated for patients beginning new activi-
ties.
Gareau, Olivette.A study of the congruency
among the expectations of the head nurse,
the medical officer, and the staff nurses
for the role of the head nurse and the re-
lation of the congruency of these expec-
tations to acceptance of the head nurse's
role. Montreal, 1967. Research Project
(M.Sc.(A)) McGill University.
This study examined the relationships be-
tween the congruency of expectations held
by the head nurse, the medical officer, and
the staff nurses for the role functions of
the head nurse and for the extent to which
they accept the head nurse.
It was hypothesized that high congruency
among the expectations held by the three
groups would lead to high acceptance of the
role of the head nurse. Two variables were
tested for the purpose of the study: the in-
dependent variable - congruency of role-
expectations; and the dependent variable -
acceptance of this role.
Twenty-one health units in one province
provided the setting for the study and the
population included in the study consisted
of medical officers, head nurses, and staff
nurses working in these health units.
A questionnaire was developed to collect
relevant data for role expectations; 232 of
these questionnaires were sent by mail and
195 were returned.
Four criterion variables were used to
measure acceptance of the role of the head
nurse: I. number of complaints related to
the performance of the head nurse's role;
2. number of conflicts caused by the per-
formance of this role by the head nurse;
3. prevailing tone in the health unit; 4.
possibility of achievement by the head nurse.
Eight regional medical officers rated the
acceptance of the role of the head nurse.
A one-way analysis of variance was the
statistic used to analyze the data collected
for role expectations. The F-test score was
used to measure the degree of congruency
among the expectations. The chi-square test
was used to test the relationship between
the two variables. The hypothesis was not
supported.
Dyche, Elsie Ruth (Yvans ,}A slUdy to ex-
plore the effect of a planned, pre-opera-
tive nursing visit, with postoperative rein-
forcement, on tile amount of analgesic
used postoperatively by cllolecystectomy
patients. Seattle, 1966. Thesis (M.N.) Uni-
versity of Washington.
This experimental study was done to:
1. explore the effect of a planned, preoper-
ative nursing visit, with postoperative rein-
forcement, on the amount of analgesic used
postoperatively by cholecystectomy patients;
2. note pre- and postoperative anxiety be-
haviors to ascertain the possibility of a re-
lationship between these and narcotic intake.
Methods for data collection included: par-
ticipant and non-participant observation,
questionnaire, checklist, and interview. Six-
teen female patients scheduled for cholecys-
tectomies comprised the study population.
Findings showed that experimental pa-
tients used less narcotics, exhibited fewer
anxiety behaviors, and verbalized positively
about surgery oftener than control patients.
Both groups received most narcotics in the
evening for wound pain. Most of these were
given at bedtime. The control group receiv-
ed more narcotics for anxiety than the ex-
perimental group. Nurses initiated more
narcotic administrations to the experimental
group, while control patients requested
more narcotics.
Physician and nurse expectations for nar-
cotic intake were higher than cited by the
literature. Most control patients were within
or above these expectations; most experi-
mental patients were below.
Preoperative verbalizations indicated lack
of and desire for information, presence of
misconceptions and anxiety regarding surgery
and appreciation for the visit. Postopera-
tive verbalizations indicated that the visit had
promoted earlier independence following sur
gery and had provided reassurance.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 49
books
A History of the International Council
of Nurses 1899 - 1964. The First Sixly-
Five Years, by Daisy Caroline Bridges.
254 pages. Toronto and Philadelphia,
J.B. Lippincott Company, 1967.
Re},iewed by Miss Margaret E. Kerr,
Vallcouver, B.c., former Editor of The
Calladian Nurse.
Daisy Caroline Bridges has succeeded in
bringing alive an exceedingly interesting and
exciting account of the interactions in hu-
man relationships - of people beillg and
doillg - that are the mark of the organiza-
tion known to us all as the International
Council of Nurses. Miss Bridges has done a
great service to nursing throughout the
world by producing this clear and compel-
ling dramatic account of the evolution and
growth of the Council. It was a gigantic
task to condense 65 years of activity into
227 pages, plus seven concise appendices,
The prologue to this drama depicts a mar-
ried nurse with a strong sense of profession-
al responsibility, Mrs. Ethel Gordon Bed-
ford Fenwick. She had become very inter-
ested in the program for the advancement of
women proposed in 1888 by an American
organization. When the International Coun-
cil of Women held its congress in London
in 1899, Mrs. Bedford Fenwick was appoin-
ted chairman of a "Professions Sectional
Committee." This group's function was to
organize special groups in a wide variety of
professions and interests. What an opportun-
ity for a woman who was a born organizer!
Quite understandably, one of the proposed
sections was "Nursing." From this promis-
ing beginning evolved our mammoth Inter-
national Association of over 800,000 mem-
bers in more than 60 countries.
Between its inception and the first Con-
gress in 1904, a constitution was prepared.
The objectives that were adopted are still ap-
propriate: self-government by nurses in their
associations; raising ever higher the stand-
ard of education, professional ethics, and
public usefulness of the members. The im-
portance of communication among nurses of
different nationalities was recognized. Fre-
quent social intermingling at the Congresses
and the development of the "interchange of
nurses" programs are proof of the value of
this aspect of the whole program.
Miss Bridges chose to place her chapters
in chronological order. Thus, it is easier to
identify the international developments with
counterparts in our national association. The
early demand for recognition of well-qua-
lified nurses through examination and reg-
50 THE CANADIAN NURSE
istration, although opposed by the pioneer
leader in nursing. Florence Nightingale,
made possible a standard for membership
that is still effective.
The history reflects clearly the stead-
fastness and quality of the leaders in ICN.
Two devastating world wars weakened but
failed to destroy the organization. Since the
Council's activity was restored to full
throttle in 1947, the record of achievement
has been outstanding.
Many hundreds of Canadian nurses have
panicip:Jted in the fCN Congresses. These
people will enjoy re-living the grand open-
ings, the varous addresses, the group discus-
sions, and the social affairs. Nurses who
have never attended a Congress will have a
superb opportunity when the next Congress
convenes in Montreal in 1969. They will
understand more of the doings if they have
done some preparatory homework by read-
ing this book. This applies equally to those
who are currently enrolled as student nurses.
After all, we have all been members of the
International Council of Nurses since 1909!
Public Image of Mental Health Services
by Jack Elinson, Elena Padilla, and Mar-
vin Perkins. 304 pages. New York. Men-
tal Health Center, 1967.
Re}'icwcd by Dr. S. R. Laycock, formerly
Dean of Educatioll alld member of the
faculty of the School of Nursing, Uni1'Cr-
sity of Saskatchewan.
The public opinion survey reported in
this book was a joint project of the Colum-
bia University School of Public Health and
Administrative Medicine and the New York
City Community Health Board. It was car-
ried out in 1963 in the five boroughs of
New York City, using 100 selected inter-
viewers, and covering over 2500 adults
chosen by probability sampling techniques.
Part one of this book deals with the
public's experience with aid for the men-
tally ill, the public image of mental health
facilities, the public's vIews of the newer
kinds of treatment and rehabilitation ser-
vices, and the nature of popular concepts
of mental illness. Pan two consists of the
population, socioeconomic and educational
characteristics of New York City adults,
appraisals of their own health habits and
health-related habits (smoking, drinking,
self-medication), political and religious af-
filiations, community participation, and per-
sonal social values.
The repon indicates thdt although many
traditional attitudes exist toward mental
health, the public to a large degree has ac-
cepted the modern point of view of the
nature of mental illness and its treatment.
Examples of the findings listed in the
report are revealing: 69 percent of those
interviewed believe that mental illness is an
illness like any other; 77 percent think that,
unlike physical illness which makes people
sympathetic, mental illness repels. though
only 16 percent admit being repelled by
mentally-ill persons themselves.
Public health administrators and research
personnel will be interested in the book
as a whole. Nurses - public health nurses
in particular - and intelligent laymen are
directed to the first 47 pages. These pages,
summarizing many of the survey's findings,
might well form the basis of a popular
booklet. Such a publication would have an
appeal to a wide audience whose members
might be led to reassess their own attitudes
toward mental illness and mental health
services.
Basic Human Anatomy and Physiology
by Charlotte M. Dienhart, Ph.D. 247
pages. A W.B. Saunders publication,
available in Canada from McAinsh Co.
Ltd., Toronto and Vancouver.
Reviewed by Miss Shirley Orr, Sellior 111-
structor, The Wellesley Hospital, Toronto,
Onto
This book has been written primarily for
two groups of students. First, to perform
their duties intelligently, paramedical per-
sonnel need a clear understanding of the
principles of the human body. Second, ele-
mentary and secondary teachers need a
funddmental background in human biology.
Anyone who needs a brief review of the
material can use this book for a quick re-
ference. Presentation is simple, readable,
concise, and systematic. The terminology is
well-defined. The illustrations are effective
and clarify the written material. Summaries
and review questions appear at the end of
each chapter.
The text describes anatomical features ad-
equately; however, it lacks physiological ex-
planation. The nursing student must study
physiology as a basis and background to
determine appropriate nursing care.
Details of how physiological processes oc-
cur are not included, yet the effects of the
processes mentioned are touched upon. A
brief description of the chemical changes in
a muscle during contraction is wonhy of
mention.
The chdPters on the nervous, digestive,
DECEMBER 1967
and respiratory systems contain the best ma-
terial in the text. These chapters would be
helpful to the beginning nursing student.
Unfortunately the short discussion on
water balance is elementary, whereas the ap-
proach in the chapter on endocrinology is
clinical, with stress upon hyper- and hypo-
glandular function. Features of disease en-
tities, rather than the normal function of
hormones, are emphasized.
The glossary is adequate for the text and
the index is complete. Specific suggested re-
ferences to serve as resource material are
needed.
This text is a potential aid for those with
limited understanding of human structure
and function.
13th ed., by C.E. Turner, A.M., Ed.M.,
D.Sc. 448 pages. Saint Louis, Mosby,
1967.
Reviewed by Sister Immaculata, Director
of Nursing, St. Joseph's General Hospital,
Estevan, Sask.
This book has been presented in a man-
ner easily understood by a lay person. It is
fairly well presented and would be of bene-
fit to nurses' assistants, nurses' aides, and
orderlies. However, there is not enough
depth for graduate or student nurses.
The organization of the book is effective.
The individual is studied first; the effects of
society on him are examined; and the suc-
cessive stages of adulthood, marriage, and
family rearing are traced.
The study of reproduction and heredity
is easy to understand. However, more depth
in the study of mental disorders caused by
heredity would be desirable for a student or
registered nurse.
The examination of diet therapy is good.
The human anatomy color plates effectively
portray the exact position of various organs
in the body.
More examples of body mechanics would
be helpful. as nursing is centered around
the lifting, turning, and positioning of the
patient.
edited by Vin-
cent Edmunds, M.D., M.R.C.P., and C.
Gordon Scorer, M.D., F.R.C.S. 200 pages.
Edinburgh and London, E. & S. Living-
stone Ltd., 1967.
Reviewed by Miss Ruth E. May, Lecturer,
School of Nursing, Dalhousie University,
Halifax, N.S.
In this era of intense preoccupation with
technological advance, it is heartening to
encounter this little book. Designed to pre-
sent the findings of a medical discussion
group, it scrutinizes many of the ethical
problems confronting today's medical prac-
titioner. Using the basic tenets of the Chris-
tian faith as the frame of reference, the re-
levance of historic Christian attitudes to
(Continued on page 52)
DECEMBER 1967
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 51
POSEY QUALITY PRODUCTS
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POSEY HEEL PROTECTOR
(Patent Pending)
The Posey Heel Protector serves to protect
the heel of the foot and prevents irritation
from rubbing. Constructed of slick, pi iable
plastic, lined with artificial lomb's wool. Con
be fashed or autocloved. No. HP-63ALW.
$3.90 ea. - $7.80 pro (W/Out plastic shell
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lined canvas reinforced insert. Strop posses
under bed ofter 0 turn around spring roil to
anchor. friction-type buckles. Buckle is un-
der side of bed out of patient's sight and
reach. Also available in Key-Lock model
which attaches to each side of bed. Small,
medium and large sizes. No. 66. $8.10. Key-
Lock Belt, No. K66, $13.95. No. 66-T (ties on
sides of bed) $8.10.
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Allows maximum freedom with sof. re-
straint. An improvement over sideboards,
the Posey belt is designed to be under the
patient and out of the way. Belt and bed
strop ore of heavy white cotton webbing;
loop and pad of cotton flannel. friction-type,
rust-resistant buckles. Small, Medium and
Large sizes. Safety Belt, No. S- 1 41, $6.75.
(Extra heavy construction with key. lock
buckles, No. P-453. $19.80)
POSEY PRODUCTS
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52 THE CANADIAN NURSE
books
(Continued from page 51)
present-day medical practice is reaffirmed.
New knowledge has given today's doctor
control over many medical phenomena
formerly outside his sphere of influence. Be-
cause present-day team medicine has great-
ly affected the traditional patient-doctor
relationship, the authors believe that there is
an urgent need to re-examine the position
of the Christian within the medical profes-
sion. Although the viewpoints expressed re-
flect the British medical-social picture, the
discussion is pertinent for Canadians as
well.
The book contains 12 chapters written by
separate authors. Several consider basic phi-
losophic issues, such as the nature of re-
sponsibility and the nature of man himself.
The "no-man's land" that lies between med-
icine, law, and the church is explored and
the problems considered are related to the
practice of medicine.
Problems concerning the preservation of
life are discussed. Abortion, the mainten-
ance of physical existence in the presence
of incurable disease, and contraception from
both a personal and a nation-wide point of
view are considered. Three chapters deal
with the concept of responsibility in pre-
ventive medicine, psychiatric treatment, and
clinical research. There is a discussion of the
nature of social aberration (sin, crime, and
disease) and further elaboration on two of
these aberrations, alcoholism and drug ad-
diction.
Further reference material is included at
the end of each chapter, and specific Chris-
tian concepts are supported by Biblical re-
ferences. An adequate index is provided. The
overall tone of the book is warm and com-
passionate, and the style is eminently read-
able throughout.
At the end of most sections is a recapitu-
lation of the foregoing discussion and an
attempt to offer a constructive approach
which, the authors believe, would be con-
sistent with their Christian beliefs.
I recommend this book to those who are
concerned with a thoughtful approach to
medical ethics in our day.
Medical-Surgical Nursing, 4th ed., by
Kathleen Newton Shafer, Janet R. Saw-
yer, Audrey M. McCluskey, and Edna
Lifgren Beck. 1009 pages. St. Louis, Mos-
by, 1967.
Reviewed by Miss Helen Nightingale, Su-
pervisor, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital,
Toronto. Onto
This ambitious book touches on a large
number of nursing situations and incorpor-
ates the patient's physical, sociological, psy-
chological, and medical background. Nurs-
ing of persons of all ages is discussed and
Next Month
in
The
Canadian
Nurse
. measles protection for 11 047
. prenatal classes for unwed
mothers
. infection control nurse
ð
Photo credits for
December
Graetz Bros. Ltd., Montreal, p. 9
Dominion-Wide, Ottawa,
pp. 18, 19, 31
Manotick Photo Service,
Manotick, Ont., p. 45
Roy Nicholls, WiIIowdale, Ont.,
pp. 38, 39, 40
Ashley & Crippen, Toronto, p. 37
Graham Bezant, Toronto, p. 9
C. Marcil, Ottawa, p. 19
DECEMBER 1967
books
is extended to the resources of the home
and community that aid in the health of the
patient. This assumes some sophistication
on the part of the student nurse in the so-
cial and physical sciences. To help the stu-
dent attain knowledge and understanding of
all aspects of the patient's life, a broad
"Patient Information Guide for the Nurse"
is included. Where more detailed informa-
tion is required, long bibliographies are
provided at the end of each chapter.
The general nursing care of patients with
many different conditions is discussed. Fa-
cets of the individual's life, as well as his
pathology, are included. Nursing care in
specific medical and surgical conditions,
again including the patient's psycho-social
background, also are discussed at length.
The health teaching responsibility is re-
iterated. However, methods of teaching pa-
tients are not discussed in enough detail;
student nurses need to know how to teach
as well as what to teach. Prevention is
stressed, but not expanded enough to in-
clude, for example, the numerous hazards in
hospitals that are increasing injuries to pa-
tients, personnel, and visitors. The chapter
on continuing care touches too superficially
on the increasing numbers of long-term pa-
tients in our society; more discussion would
have been appropriate in this area, especial-
ly regarding posture, positioning, and body
mechanics. Increased involvement of nurses
in litigation suggests that more information
on the legal aspects of nursing must be
given to the nurse than is presented in this
book.
Although the text has an American orient-
ation, it has implications for Canadian
nursing; there may be statistical differences,
but the nursing problems are similar. In
general, this is an excellent text for the
more senior student nurse, and provides a
quick, up-to-date reference for the graduate.
On the whole, the authors have achieved
their purpose in presenting complete nursing
care of the patient as an individual.
Paraplegic and Quadriplegic Individu-
als (Handbook of Care for Nurses)
by Judith R. Krenzel, R.N. and Lois M.
Rohrer, R.N. 60 pages. Chicago, The Na-
tional Paraplegia Foundation, 1966.
Reviewed by Miss M.M. MacDoTUlld
R.N., Director of Nursing, Lyndhursi
Lodge Hospital, Toronto, Onto
Various methods for healing pressure
areas are described in this handbook. The
prevention of decubiti by the education of
the patient and by a daily examination of
the patient's skin is stressed.
A high-low electric bed is described in
the handbook. Such a bed may be desirable,
but it is not essential and the cost is prohi-
bitive for many. Similarly, a transfer board
DECEMBER 1967
is unnecessary for paraplegics and most
quadriplegics; it is necessary, however, for
some poliomyelitics who are extensively par-
alyzed in the trunk and all four limbs.
There is no real evidence to support the
statement in the chapter on diet that milk
products predispose to stone formation.
Textbook of Anatomy and Physiology
7th ed., by Catherine Parker Anthony,
R.N., B.A., M.S. 585 pages. Saint Louis,
Mosby, 1967.
Reviewed by Miss Leta Sanders, Assistant
Professor, school of nursing, University
of Windsor, Windsor, Onto
The purpose of this text is to help both
teachers and student nurses understand basic
facts and principles underlying the function-
ing of the human body. Many details and
digressions of older books are omitted.
New findings about cells. neuro-endocrine
transducers and the function of the pineal
and thymus glands are included. The central
nervous system, difficult for teachers and
students to understand. has been simplified
and clarified.
The introduction and conclusion to each
chapter define and summarize the content in
conci'>e terms. The book begins with a des-
cription of the integration of the body as a
structured unit. It then describes the func-
tions of the different systems and how they
interrelate.
Foot-notes give sources of material. Many
of these sources are from current writings,
for example, The Scientific American, and
are by experts in their fields.
Illustrations, many íil color. help to cla-
rify the content. Transparencies placed in
strategic places illustrate depth of the or-
gans and systems of the human body.
This book gives a comprehensive treat-
ment of anatomy and physiology for the use
of both teacher and student.
films
Pediatric Films
Six pediatric films, together forming a
series called "Pediatric Basics" are now
available on loan to nursing groups.
The six films were produced by Frederick
J. Margolis, M.D., director, Audio-Visual
Department, Wayne State University, Col-
lege of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan. Each
film runs approximately 18 to 20 minutes.
All are in color with synchronized dialogue.
The series presents some fine medical in-
formation documented by eminent pedia-
tricians. The titles are:
The Technique of an Effective Examin-
ation
The Spinal fluid Examination
Central Nervous System Taps
PKU
Apgar On Apgar
The Urine Examination
(Continued on page 55)
educational working package
\
POST. OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT KIT
A must for all nurses and student nurses, the new POM Kit has
become the most successful "in-service" teaching aid for Ileostomy
and Ileal-Bladder education. Included in this working package are
all the necessary products needed for proper post-operative man-
agement of the .patient - 3 Bongort Expendable Drainage Bags
plus 5 sample sized accessory products. The POM Kit is yours for
$1.00. Request 779 CN.
.-.
T.Jiv 1T1ÆQ 0
T,-:!
GICAL
PORT Ct-tESTER . NEW VORK
THE CANADIAN NURSE 53
special products
for patient care
A.R.D.@
Unique butterfly-shaped anorectal
dressing stays comfortably in
place without tape. Sterile, highly
absorbent, lint tree. Supplied
in boxes of 24.
'"
p
Jf)
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SCOPETTES@ FULLER<i9 SHIELD
Proctologic and gynecologic Protective dressing holds other
swabs with lips of pure. long fiber dressings in place and prevents
rayon. Free of troublesome lint
and wisps. Uniform cushion-end staining of linens after pilonidal,
safeguards tissues. Tips secured proctologic or perineal surgery.
with non-toxic vegetable glue. Adjustable sIzes 24-48.
8" and 16" lengths. Cases of 500. IndivIdually packaged.
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MOVING?
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n
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54 THE CANADIAN NURSE
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Turns
consume
93 times their
own weight
in excess
stomach
acid!
laborafory fesfs show Turns neu-
tralize 93 fimes their own weighf
in excess sfomach acids, and that
fhey mainfain a balanced level for
long periods, too. Turns go fo work
in seconds on gas, heartburn and
indigesfion. And fhey faste pleas-
antly minty, need no wafer and
cost so very I illie. Those are fhe
facts. So nexf time your fummy
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ADDRESS ALL INQUIRIES TO:
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DECEMBER 1967
films
(Cominued from page 53)
The production of these basic films in
pediatrics was arranged by Gerber Products,
and the baby food company is also distri-
buting them to any pediatric program in
education, at no charge to the institution -
a contribution to both undergraduate and
postgraduate pediatric education.
Films are obtained by writing directly to
Gerber Baby Foods. 4174 Dundas St. West,
Toronto 18, providing program information.
date, name of institution and address. One
month should be allowed for scheduling.
accession list
Publications in this list of material
received recently in the CNA library are
shown in language of source. The majority
(reference material and theses. indicated by
R excepted) may be borrowed by CNA
members, and by libraries of hospitals and
schools of nursing and other institutions.
Requests for loans should be made on the
"Request Form for Accession List" (page
56) and should be addressed to: The
Library, Canadian Nurses' Association. 50
The Driveway, Ottawa 4. Ontario.
BOOKS AND DOCUMENTS
I. Bibliography and book productioll by
Ray Astbury. Oxford, Pergamon, 1967.
260p.
2. Challenges to collective bargainillg.
Edited by Lloyd Ulman. Englewood Cliffs,
Prentice-Hall for American Assembly,
Columbia University, 1967. 180p.
3. Com billing public health nursillg
agellcies; a case study ill PhiladelplJia by
Leon V. Hirsch, Martin S. Klein, and
Gertrude Woodruff Marlowe. New York,
National League for Nursing, ct967. 256p.
4. Determillillg forces ill collectÏl'e wage
bargaillillg by Harold M. Levinson. New
York, Wiley, ct966. 283p.
5. Doctors' strike; medical care alld
conflict in Saskatchewall by Robin F.
Badgley, and Samuel Wolff. Toronto, Mac-
millan, 1967. 201p.
6. Draft report of quamitatÏl'e alld quali-
tative surl'ey of nursillg resources, 1966,
Trinidad and Tobago by May O'Keiffe and
Violet Lines. Port-of-Spain, 1966. 62p.
7. Dyillg by John Hinton. Harmonds-
worth, Middx., Penguin Books, 1967. 208p.
8. Explorillg Callada from sea to sea.
Washington, National Geographical Society,
1967. 208p.
9. Facts about lIursillg; a statistical sum-
mary, 1967 editioll. New York, American
Nurses' Association, 1967. 255p. R.
10. How to organize all effective team
DECEMBER 1967
teaching program by Harold S. Davis.
Englewood Cliffs. Prentice-Hall. c 1966. 64p.
II. All illl'estigation of geriatric lIursing
problems ill hospital by Doreen Norton,
A. N. Exton-Smith, and Rhoda McLaren.
London. National Corporation for the Care
of Old People. c1962. 238p.
12. Labour and automatioll. Bulletin no.
1-4. Geneva, International Labour Organis-
ation, 1964-1967. 4v.
13. Medical care inwrance and medical
manpower. Conference manuscripts, Mont-
real. June 19-23, 1967. Toronto. Canadian
Medical Association. 1967. 268p.
14. Metric cOllI'ersion J..it for hospitals.
Toronto. Ontario Hospital Association.
1967. 47p.
15. Nurse performance description: cri-
teria, predictors, and correlates by Elaine
Dedrickson Dyer. Salt Lake City, University
of Utah Press, 1967. 132p.
16. Obsermtions on students and educa-
tional methodology. Report of the 1966
Regional Workshops of the Council of
Member Agencies. New York. National
League for Nursing. Dept. of Diploma
Programs, 1967. 47p.
17. Organizatioll by Ernest Dale. New
York. American Management Association.
c1967. 368p.
18. Passing on by David Sudnow. Engle-
wood Cliffs. Prentice-Hall. 1967. 212p.
19. Principles of obstetrics and gyllecol-
ogy for lIurses by Josephine Iorio. Saint
Louis, Mosby, 1967. 342p.
20. Public relations hal/dbook by Philip
Lesly. 3d ed. Englewood Cliffs, Prentice-
Hall, ct967. 940p. R.
21. A regiollal college for V ClI1COUI'er
Island by Leonard Marsh. Vancouver,
University of British Columbia, 1966. 181p.
22. The retrieml of Calladian graduate
studems from abroad by Edward F.
Sheffield, and Mary Margot McGrail.
Ottawa, Association of Universities and
Colleges, 1966. 82p.
23. Roberts' dictiollary of industrial rela-
tiolls by Harold S. Roberts. Washington.
Bureau of National Affairs, 1966. 486p. R.
24. The sick persoll lIeeds... Report of
the third national conference for profes-
sional nurses and physicians, Coronado,
Calif., Feb. 23-25, 1967. Chicago, American
Medical Association. New York, American
Nurses' Association. 1967. 57p.
25. Statistics for lIurses - the evaluatioll
of quamitative illformation by Jeanne S.
Phillips, and Richard F. Thompson. New
York, MacMillan. ct967. 550p. R.
26. Style book alld editorial manual by
John H. Talbot. Chicago. American Medical
Association. c1966. 122p.
27. The utilizatioll of associate degree
lIursing graduates ill gelleral hospitals by
Betty L. Forest. (Thesi
- Columbia) New
York, National League for Nursing, 1967.
(League exchange no. 82). 71p.
28. The white cross in Callada by G. W.
L. Nicholson. Montreal. Harvest House,
1967. 206p.
29. Words 011 paper; a mallual of prose
style for professiollal writers, reporters,
authors, editors, publishers by Roy H.
Copperud. New York. Hawthorn Books,
c1960. 286p.
PAMPHLETS
30. Advice to authors guide to pn'para-
tioll of malluscripts by M. Theresa South-
gate. Chicago, American Medical Associa-
tion. ct 964. 25p.
3 I. Brief summary of lIursing ill PaJ..istall
by Mumtaz Painda Khan. Lahore. 1966. 4p.
32. Dealillg with comrOL'ersy. Edited by
Frances A. Koestler. New York. National
Public Relations Council of Health and
Welfare Services. 1963. 38p.
33. Functions and qualification.ç for
school lIurses. New York. American Nurses'
Association, c 1966. 31 p.
34. A guide for establishillg alld im-
prOL'illg educatiollal programs; criteria alld
procedures for accreditation. New York,
National Association for Practical Nurse
Education and Service, c 1967. 23 p.
35. Husballd, father, humanitariall, spe-
cialist, nurse. New York, National League
for Nursing, 1967.
36. A list of the published writings of
Isabel Maitlalld Stewart by Anne L. Austin.
New York. Nursing Education Alumnae As-
sociation, Teachers' College, Columbia Uni-
versity. 1967. lOp.
37. Measuremem of lIursing care. Head-
ington. Oxford. Oxford Regional Hospital
Board, Operational Research Unit. 1967.
26p.
38. New dimellsiolls for old respollsi-
bilities by Dorothy Wilson. New York,
National League for Nursing, 1967. 16p.
39. Prillciples alld policies. Ottawa, Can-
adian Labour Congress, n.d. 20p.
40. Regulations of the Indiall Nursing
Coullcil. New Delhi. Indian Nursing Coun-
cil, n.d. 17p.
41. Reactiolls to the 'Iatem lobby' by
G. Scott Hutchison. Reprint. Boston, Har-
vard Bus. Rev.. 1967. 166-173p.
42. Stat em em 011 psychiatric nursing prac-
tice. New York. American Nurses' Associa-
tion, Division of Psychiatric-Mental Nursing,
1967. 41p.
43. To tell the truth by Nesta Roberts.
London, National Association for Mental
Health. ct966. 33p.
GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS
Canada
44. Dominion Bureau of Statistics. An-
II/wl supplement to the Canadian statistical
rel'ue 1966. Ottawa, Queen's Printer. 1967.
Catalogue no. 11-206.
45. -. Hospital statistics. v.I. Hos-
pital beds 1965. Ottawa. Queen's Printer,
1967. lOOp. Catalogue no. 83-210.
Alberta
46. Dept. of Public Health. Medical Ser-
vices Division. Health careers. Edmonton.
1967. Iv.
(Continued on page 56)
THE CANADIAN NURSE 55
accession list
(Continued from page '55)
British Columbia
47. Hospital Insurance Service. Consulta-
tion and Research Division. Report of
functional nursing activity study at Surrey
Memorial Hospital, Surrey, B.C., utilizing
the consulting senices of Health Insurance,
Dept. of National Health and Welfare.
Victona, 1964. 38p.
Omario
48. Hospital Services Commission. A n-
nual report, 1966 statistical supplement.
Toronto, 1967. 141p.
Ghana
49. Ministry of Health. The health ser-
vices in Ghana. Accra, 1967. 47p.
Great Britain
50. Central Office of Information. Ref-
erence Division. Labour relations and
conditions of work in Britain. Prepared for
British Information Services, India. London,
1967. 40p.
51. Ministry of Health. Men in profes-
sional nursing; a career with status and
prospects. London, Her Majesty's Stat. -Off.,
1966. 12p.
Iran
52. Ministry of Health. Nursing Division.
Nurslllg education in Iran past and present.
Tehran. 1966. 18p.
53. -. Nursing in a period of tran-
sition in Iran. Tehran, 1966. 6p.
Japan
54. Laws, statutes, etc. Public-health
nurse, midwife and nurse law. Tokyo, 1954.
22p.
55. Ministry of Health and Welfare. A
brief report on public health administration
in Japan, 1966. Tokyo, 1966. 64p.
56. -. General informa/ion about
nursing in Japan. Tokyo, 1963. 32p.
57. -. RegulatiollS for authoriza-
tion of School and training school of pub-
lic health nurse, midwife and nurse. Tokyo,
Ministries of Education and Health and
Welfare, 1964. 30p.
United States
58. Federal Advisory Council on Medical
Training Aids. Film reference guide for
medicine and allied sciences. Atlanta, Ga.,
U.S. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel-
fare, Public Health Service, 1967. 379p.
59. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel-
fare. Public Health Service. Lecture prep-
aration guide; an illStructive communica-
tion. U.S. Gov't. Print. Off., 1966. 6Op.
60. -. List of journals indexed in
Index Medicus, National Library of Me-
dicine, January 1966. Washington, U.S.
Gov't. Print. Off., 1966.
61. Division of Nursing. Nurses in public
health number, educational preparation, and
other characteristics of nurses employed for
public health work in the United States,
Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands and Guam,
January 1966. Washington, U.S. Gov't. Print.
Off., 1967. 54p.
62. -. Nursing care of the aged;
an notated bibliography for nurses. Wash-
ington, U.S. Gov't. Print. Off., 1967. 13lp.
63. -. Publications of the Division
of Hospital and Medical Facilities. Wash-
ington, 1966. 18p.
64. National Advisory Health Council.
Allied Health Professions Education Sub-
committee. Education for the allied health
professions and services. Washington, U.S.
Gov't. Print. Off., 1967. 61p.
STUDIES DEPOSITED IN CN'"
REPOSITORY COLLECTION
65. La compréhension du concept du
soin total et continu du malade chez les
étudiants-infirmières et chez les institutrices-
cliniques par Yolande Mousseau. Ottawa,
1965. 235p. Thesis - Ottawa. R.
66. Occupational health nursing in On-
tario; a report on results from a question-
naire by M. I. Hardy. Toronto, Ontario
Dept. of Health, Environmental Health
Branch, 1967. 88p. R.
67. The Parent comnllSSlOn report;
stimulus for nursing education in the pro-
vince of Quebec by Georgette Desjean.
Detroit, Mich., 1967. 57p. Thesis (M.Sc.N.)
- Wayne State. R. 0
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56 THE CANADIAN NURSE
DECEMBER 1967
classified advertisements
ALBERTA
DIRECTOR OF NURSING required for new 34-bed
General Hospital opening this fall. A challenging
position in a thriving community. Twice dailv bus
service to maior centers. Living accommodations
available in new residence. Standard employment
benefits. Salary commensurate with ql.'alifications
and experience. Please forward application with full
particulars and salary expected to: Administrator.
Slave Lake General Hospital, P.O. Box 330, Slave
Lake, Alberta.
Obstetrical Head Nurse and General Duty Graduates
for an active accredited. 70-bed hospital, 60 miles
east of Edmonton. Salary according to recommenda-
tion from association and past experience. Apply to:
Director of Nursing Service, St. Joseph.s General
Hospital, Vegreville, Alberta.
Regist.red Nunes required for a 51-bed active
treatment hospital, situated in east central Alberta.
Salary range from $400 to $460 commensurate with
experience. Full maintenance in new nurses. resid-
ence for $40 per month. sick leave and pension
benefits available, 4O-hour work week, 21 days plus
statutory holidays after the first year, and 28 days
plus statutory holidays after five years. For further
information kindly contact: W.N. Saranchuk, Admin-
istrator. Elk Point. Municipal Hospital. Elk Point.
Alberta. 1.34-1
Bassano General Hospital requires Nunes for General
Duty. Active treatment 30-bed hospital in the ranching
area of southern Alberta. Town on Number 1 trans-
Canada Highway mid-way between the cities of
Calgary and Medicine Hat. Nurses on staff must be
will ing and able to take responsibility in all depart-
ments of nursing, with the exception of the Operating
Room. Single rooms available in comfortable residen-
ce on hospital grounds at a nominal rate. Apply to:
Mrs. M. Hislop. Administrator and Director of Nurs-
ing, Bassano General Hospital. Bassano. Alberta.
ADVERTISING
RATES
FOR All
ClASSIFIED ADVERTISING
$10.00 for 6 lines or less
$2.00 for each additional line
Rates for display
advertisements on request
Closing date for copy and cancellation is
6 weeks prior to 1st day of pUblication
month.
The Canadian Nurses' Association has
not yet reviEwed the personnel policies
of the hospitals and agencies advertising
In the Journal. For authentic information,
prospective applicants should apply to
the Registered Nurses' Association of the
Province in which they are interested
in working.
Address correspondence to:
The
Canadian
Nurse
ð
50 THE DRIVEWAY
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO.
DECEMBER 1967
I I
ALBERTA
Registered Nune required for 34-bed general hos-
pital. Solary range $380. to $450. Recognition for
past experience. Liberal fringe benefits. Accommo-
dation in residence. Apply to: Director of Nur5ing.
Tofield Municipal Hospital, Tofield, Alberta.
Registered Nurses for General Duty in a 32-bed
hospital. Board and Room $40.00 per month. Salary
range $390.00 to $475.00. For further information
contact: The Director of Nursing, St. Theresa Hos-
pital. Ft. Vermilion. Alberta.
General Duty Nurses for active. accredited. well-
equipped 64-bed hospital in growing town. population
3,500. Salaries range from $380-$440 commensurate
with experience. other benefits. Nurses residence.
Excellent personnel policies and working conditions.
New modern wing opened this year. Good commu-
nications. to large nearby cities. Apply Director of
Nursing, Brooks General Hospital, Brooks, Alberta.
GENERAL DUTY NURSES - Salary range - $4,320
to $5,460 per annum, 40 hour week. Modern I iving-
in facilities available at moderate rates. if desired.
Civil Service holiday, sick leave and pension bene-
fits. Starting salary commensurate with training
and experience. Apply to: Superintendent of Nurses,
Baker Memorial Sanatorium. Box 72, Calgary.
Alberta. 1-14-3 A
General Duty Nurse for small modern hospital on
Highway
12. East Central Alberta. Salary
range from $405 - $475. Residence available. Per-
sonnel policies as per AARN and A.H.A. Apply:
Director of Nursing, Coronation Municipal Hospital,
Coronation, Alberta_
GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 94-bed General Hos-
pital located in Alberta's unique Badlands. $380.
$440 per month, approved AARN and AHA per-
sonnel policies. Apply to: Miss M. Hawkes, Director
of Nursing, Drumheller General Hospital, Drumhel-
ler, Alberta. 1-31-2A
General Duty Nurses for 64-bed active treatment
hospital, 35 miles south of Calgary. Salary range
$380 - $4SO. Living accommodation available in sep-
arate residence if desired. Full maintenance in
residence $45.00 per month. Excellent Personnel
Policies and working conditions. Please apply to:
The Director of Nursing. High River General Hos-
pital, High River, Alberta. 1-46-IA
General Duty Nunes required by ISO-bed general
hospital presently expanding to 230 beds_ Salary
1967, $380 to $450; 1968 - $405 to $485. Experi-
ence recognized. Residence available. For particulars
contact Director of Nursing Service. Red Deer
General Hospital, Red Deer, Alberta.
General Duty Nursing positions are available in a
100-bed convalescent rehabilitation unit forming
part of a 330-bed hospital complex. Residence
available. Salary 1967 - $380 to $450. per mo.
1968 - $405 to $485. Experience recognized. For
full particulars contact Director of Nursing Service.
Auxiliary Hospital, Red Deer, Alberta.
BRITISH COLUMBIA
ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL, VICTORIA, B.C.: Invites
B_C. Registered Nurses (or those eligible) to apply
for these positions: SUPERVISOR for a 42-bed Psychia-
tric Unit. HEAD NURSE for modern Post-Operative
Recovery Room. GENERAL STAFF for Psychiatric Unit.
Apply indicating preparation and experience to:
Director of Nursing. Victoria. British Columbia.
Nursing Supervisor ($483-$571)_ General Duty Nunes
(B.C. Registered $405 - $481, non-Registered $390) for
fully accredited 113-bed hospital in N.W. B.C. Excel-
lent fishing. skiing. skating. curling and bowling.
Hot springs swimming nearby. Nurses. residence,
room $20 per month. Cafeteria meals. Apply: Direc-
tor of Nursing. Kitimat General Hospital, Kitimat.
British Columbia.
B.C. R.N. for General Duty in 32 bed General Hospi-
tal. RNABC 1967 salary rate $390 - $466 and fringe
benefits. modern, comfortable. nurses' residence in
attractive community close to Vancouver. B.C. For
application form write: Director of Nursing. Fraser
Canyon Hospital, R.R. I, Hope, B.C. 2-30-1
Graduate Nurses for busy 21-bed hospital, prefer-
ably with obstetrical experience. Friendly at-
mosphere, beautiful beaches, local curling club.
Own room and board $40 month. Salary $390 for
Gen. Duty Registered Nurses; Salary $375 for non-
Registered Nurse. plus recognition for post graduate
experience. Apply: Matron. T ofino General Hos-
pital, Tofino, Vancouver Island. British Columbia.
II
BRITISH COLUMBIA
General Duty Nurs.. for active 30-bed hospital.
RNABC policies and schedules in effect, also North-
ern allowance. Accommodations available in res-
idence. Apply: Director of Nursing. General Hospital.
Fort Nelson, British Columbia_ 2-23- 1
General Duty Nurses for new 30-bed hospital
located in excellent recreational area. Salary and
personnel policies in accordance with RNABC. Com-
fortable Nurses' home. Apply: Director of Nursing.
Boundary Hospital, Grand Forks, British Columbia.
GENERAL DUTY NURSES - for 109-bed hospital in
expanding Northwestern British Columbia City. Salary
$405 to $481 for B.C. Registered Nurses with recogni-
tion for experience. RNABC contract in effect. Gradu.
ate Nurses not registered in B.C. paid $390. Benefits
include comprehensive medical and pension plans..
Travel allowance up to $60 refunded after one
year.s service. Comfortable. modern residence accom-
modation at $15 per month. meals at cost. Apply to'
Director of Nursing. Prince Rupert General Hospital.
551-5th Avenue East, Prince Rupert, B.C. 2-58-2A
General Duty Nurses for well-equipped 63-bed gen-
eral hospital in beautiful inland Valley adjacent
Lake Kathlyn and Hudson Bay Glacier. Boating,
fishing. swimming, golfing, curling, skating, skiing.
Salary $390 - $405. Maintenance $60.00, 40 hour -
5 day week, Vacation with pay - Comfortable, at-
tractive nurses. residence. Apply to: Director of
Nursing, Bulkley Valley District Hospital, P.O. Box
370, Smithers, B.C. 2-67-1
General Duty Nune for 54-bed active hospital in
northwestern B.C. Salaries: B.C. Registered $405, B_C.
Non-Registered, $390, RNABC personnel policies
in effect. Planned rotation. New residence, room and
board: $55/m. T.V. and good social activities.
Write: Director of Nursing, Box 1297 , Terrace, British
Columbia_ 2-70-2
General Duty Nurses needed for active 45-bed
hospital - Central B.C. R.N.A. salary scale and
personnel policies in effect. Salary recognition
given for experience. Overtime paid. Modern
Nurses' Residence available. New hospital planned
for near future. Write Director of Nursing. St.
John Hospitol, Vanderhoof, B.C.
General Duty and Operating Room Nurses for 70-bed
Acute General Hospital on Pacific Coast. B.C. Regis.
tered $390 - $466 per month (Credit for experience).
Non B.C. Registered $375 - Practical Nurses B.C. li-
censed $273 - $311 per month. Non Registered $253-
$286 per month. Board $20 per month, room $5.00 per
month. 20 paid holidays per year and 10 statutory
holidays after 1 year. Fare paid from Vancouver.
Superannuation and medical plans. Apply: Director of
Nursing, St. George.s Hospital, Alert Bay, British
Columbia. 2-2-1 A
General DutV. Operating Room and Experienced
Obstetrical Nurses for 434-bed hospital with school
of nursing. Salary: $390 - $466. Credit for past ex-
perience and postgraduate training. 40-hr. wk. Stat-
utory holidays Annual increments; cumulative aick
leave; pension plan; 28-days annual vacation; B.C.
registration required. Apply: Director of Nursing.
Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, British
Columbia. 2-73-13
GRADUA TE NURSES: For permanent staff or holiday
relief. In active 164-bed acute General Hospital
with full accreditation, located in the Columbia
River Valley in southeastern British Columbia. Un-
limited social and sports activities including golf.
tennis. swimming. skiing and curling. 40 hour week:
Starting salary after registration $390 rising to $466.
Four weeks annual vacation. 10 statutory holidays.
I % days sick leave per month cumulative to 120
days. Employer.employee participation in medic.al
coverage and superannuation. Residence accommoda-
tion. For further information apply to: Director of
Nursing. Trail-Tadanac Hospital, Trail, British Co-
lumbia.
GRADUATE NURSES for 24-bed hospitol, 35-mi. from
Vancouver. on coast. salary and personnel prac.
'ices in accord with RNABC. Accommodation availa.
ble. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital,
Squamish. British Columbia_ 2-68-1
Graduate Nunes for General Duty in modern
22S-bed hospital in city (20,000) on Vancouver
Island. Personnel policies in accordance with RNABC
policies. Direct enquiries to: The Director of Nurs-
ing. Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo. B.C.
General Duty and Operating Room Nurse' for
modern 450-bed hospital with School of Nursing.
RNABC policies in effect. Credit for past experience
and postgraduate training. British Columbia registra-
tion required. For particulars write to: the Director of
Nursing Service. St. Joseph.s Hospital. Victoria. Bri-
tish Columbia. 2-76-5
THE CANADIAN NURSE 57
CHEDOKE CHILD AND FAMILY CENTRE
Affiliated with McMaster University, requires for its day treatment
UNIT FOR EMOTIONALLY DISTURBED CHILDREN
HEAD NURSE
To co-ordinate a treatment program and work closely with staff, children
and their families. Considerable scope for development of head nurse
role in newly developing complex of services in child and family care.
Previous experience in working with emotionally disturbed children and
a baccalaureate degree in nursing required. Salary commensurate with
qualifications and experience.
APPLY TO:
Personnel Director
THE HAMILTON HEALTH ASSOCIATION
P.O. Box 590, Hamilton, Ontario
OSHA W A
GENERAL HOSPITAL
LAKEHEAD REGIONAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
School of Nursing
requires additional
PORT ARTHUR, ONTARIO
requires
TEACHERS
TEACHERS
Applications are invited from
Teachers of Nursing interested in
participating in an expanding
progressive educational pro-
gramme and the development of
a regional School of Nursing.
Applicants must be eligible for
nurse registration in Ontario.
Baccalaureate degree in Nursing
or Diploma in Nursing Education
required. Salary commensurate
with education and experience in
nursing education. Good person-
nel policies.
QUALIFICA TONS - Bachelor's
Degree with experience prefer-
red.
Proximity of new School building
to lakehead University offers
opportunity for further study.
A challenge for teachers inter-
ested in the planning and de-
velopment of a new program.
The first class of students will
be enrolled in September 1968.
Apply:
Director
Please direct applications and en-
quiries to:
Director, School of Nursing,
OSHA W A GENERAL HOSPITAL
Oshawa, Ontario.
LAKEHEAD REGIONAL SCHOOL
OF NURSING
c/o The General Hospitd of
Port Arthur
Port Arthur, Ontario
58 THE CANADIAN NURSE
FOR CLEVELAND
and Mt. Sinai Hospital where
nurses earn $550 a month be-
ginnig salaries and where
there are challenging job and
educational opportunities. This
532-bed teaching institution is
located in the center of the
city's cultural and educational
activities. For more informa-
tion, write to Nurse Recruiter,
Dept. CEo
tb
THE MT. SINAI
HOSPITAL OF CLEVELAND
University Circle Cleveland. Ohio .44106
POSITIONS ARE AVAILABLE
for
REGISTERED NURSES
with special interest in medical
nursing and rehabilitation of
long term patients.
Salaries recommended by the
Registered Nurses'
Association of Ontario
Inservice educational program-
me developed and
expanding
Residence accommodation avail-
able at a very mod-
erate rate
Transportation advanced, if re-
quested
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
THE QUEEN ELIZABETH HOSPITAL
130 Dunn Avenue
Toronto 3, Onto
DECEMBER 1967
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Someone Special
The Ne1J7 York City Nurse
The New York City Nurse is more than someone special. . .
she's someone dedicated too. She's building herself
a successful career and finding a whole new way of life by
working for New York. Her job isn't always easy, but
it's always satisfying. Whether she's giving high quality
nursing care to her patients or just radiating a little T.l.C.,
she knows that she's giving it to those who need it most.
There are many areas open to the New York City Nurse.
She has 19 general and special hospitals to choose from
where she can obtain almost any clinical experience
she wishes. She can specialize or diversify; she can further
her education; she can advance rapidly in her profession.
She can see medical history being made, and she
may well help make it. Housing placement service and
deficiency courses are available.
Then there are the off-duty hours in New York City itself-
hours in which to explore the world's most exciting city,
which is now her home. You can make it your home too as a
N
w Vnr&c rit" Nllrc.
Send for our brochure today,
Professional Recruiting Unit, Room 620, Dept. CN-20
DEPARTMENT OF HOSPIl AlS
125 Worth Street, New York, N. Y. 10013
Please send me your brochure about nursing in
New York City.
I AM A STUDENT NURSE 0 I AM A REGISTERED NURSE
o
Name
Address
City
State
An Eouaf ODDortunitv EmDlover
MANITOBA
Registered Nurse for 18-bed hospitol ot Vito, Monitobo,
70 miles from Winnipeg. Dailv bus service. Salary
ronge $390 - $475, with ollowonce for experience.
40 hour week, 10 stotutory holidoys, 4 weeks poid
vacation after one year. Full maintenance available
for $50 per month. Apply: Motron, Vito District
Hospitol, Vito, Monitobo. 3-68-1
Registered Nurses (2) for 32-bed fully modern hos-
pital in the parkland district of Manitoba. Minimum
solory $395 to 0 moximum of $480, with extro
monetary consideration given for experience. For
further particulars write or phone - collect to:
Mrs. Edna Sims, Superintendent, Roblin District Hos-
pital, Roblin, Manitoba.
Registered General Duty Nurses (2), for fully modern
20-bed hospital. Salary $395.00 to $480.00 per month,
40 hour week. Regular semi-annual increments. Duties
to commenCe immediately. Full maintenance avail-
able at the hospital at reasonable rates. Good per-
sonnel policies. For further information and applica-
tion forms apply to: Mrs. Olive C. Campbell, R.N.,
Superintendent, Hunter Memorial Hospital, Teulon,
Manitoba.
Graduate Nurse and a L..P .N. for General Duty
wanted for 18-bed hospital, Ste-Anne, Manitoba.
Situated 30 miles from Winnipeg and a daily bus
service. Proposed salary for both categories are,
depending on experience $415. to $455. for gradu-
ate and $290. to $340 for loP.N. 40 hour week, 9
statutory holidays. Apply to: Director of Nursing,
Ste-Anne Hospital. Ste-Anne, Monitoba.
NOVA SCOTIA
Registered Nurses for 21-bed hospital in pleasant
community - Eastern Shore of Nova Scotia. Apply:
Superintendent, Eastern Shore Memorial Hospital,
Sheet Harbour, Nova Scotia. 6-32.1
Registered and Graduate Nurses for General Duty.
New hospital with all modern conveniences, also,
new nurses' residence available. South Shore Com-
munity. Apoly to: Superintendent, Queens General
Hospital, Liverpool, Nova Scotia. 6-20-1
GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Positions available for
Registered Qualified General Duty Nurses for 138-
bed active treatment hospital. Residence accom.
modation available. Applications and enquiries will
be received by: Director of Nursing, Blanchard
Fraser
Memorial Hospital, Kentville, Nova Scotia. 6-19-1
REGISTERED NURSES for 53-bed medium and long-
term active treatment hospital in a progressive city.
Particulars on request. Apply to: Director of Nursing,
Halifax Civic Hospital, 5938 University Avenue, Hali.
fax, Nova Scotia. 6-17-10 A
ONTARIO
Supervisor of Public Health Nursing, qualified.
Salary range $6,652 - $8,130 plus $300 for B.Sc. N.;
Starting level appropriate to experience and merit.
Employer shared pension plan, medical and hospital
insurance. Generous car allowance, cumulative sick
leave, one month annual vacation. Apply to: Dr.
E_ G. Brawn, Kent County Health Unit, 21 Seventh
Street, Chatham, Ontario.
HEAD NURSE: Applications are invited for the posi-
tion of HEAD NURSE for a 20-bed Psychiatric
Ward in a General Hospital. Desirable qualifications
should include a B.Se.N. degree or an Administration
diploma and experience in the Psychiatric field.
For further information, write to: Director of
Nursing, Queensway General Hospital, Etobicoke,
Ontario.
REGISTERED NURSES for General Duty in new, mod-
ern 44-bed act;ve treatment hospital located in a
thriving bilingual community holf-way between Ot-
tawa and Montreal. (Bilingualism is not a require-
ment of employment but this would be a good op-
portunity to learn either French or English.) Salary
on a par with other Ontario hospitals, in addition to
I month's vacation and excellent staff benefits.
Good opportun ity for professional development in a
friendly and progressive environment. Apply to: The
Director of Nursing, Glengarry Memorial Hospital
Alexandria, Ontario. '
Registered Nurses for 34-bed hospital, min. salary
$415 with regular annual increments to maximum
of $495. 3-wk. vacation with pay; sick leave after
6-mo. service. All Staff - 5 day 40-hr. wk., 9
statutary holidays, pension plan and other benefits.
Apply to: Superintendent, Englehart & District Hos-
pital, Englehart, Ontario. 7-40.1
60 THE CANADIAN
URSE
I I
ONTARIO
REGISTERED NURSES (IMMEDIATELY) for a new 40-
bed hospital. Nurses' residence - private rooms with
bath - $20 per month. Minimum salary $415 plus
experience allowance, 4 semi-annual increments.
Reply to: The Director of Nursing, Geraldton District
Hospital, Geraldton. Ontario. 7-SO-IA
Nursing Positions - for REGISTERED NURSES; tor
325-bed fully accredited active General Hospital -
centrally located in the city; for further information
write to the Director of Nursing, THE DOCTORS
HOSPITAL, 45 Brunswick Avenue, Toronto 4, On-
tario.
Registered Nurses for 18-bed (expanding to 36-bed)
General Hospital in Minin9 and Resort town of 5,000
people. Beautifully located on Wawa lake, 140 miles
north of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Wide variety of
Summer and winter sports including swimming, boat-
ing, fishing, golfing, skating, curling and bowling.
Six churches of different faiths. Salaries comparable
with all northern hospitals. limited bed and board
available at reasonable rate. Excellent personnel
policies, pleasant working conditions. HEAD NURSE
with Some formal preparation and/or adequate ex-
perience. Apply to: Director of Nursing, The lady
Dunn General Hospital, Box 179, Wawa, Ontario.
7-140-1B
Required immediately. Registered Nurses for 32.bed
hospital in north western Ontario. SaJary schedule
$450. to $550. per month. Accommodation available.
Excellent personnel policies. Please reply in writing
to: Miss M. Mcleod, R.N., Administrator, Atikokan
General Hospital, Atikokan, Ontario.
REGISTERED NURSES required immediately for 53-
bed hospital. Minimum salary $415. Three weeks
vacation, pension, life and medical insurance, 8
'Statutory holidays, 40 hour week. Air, rail and road
communication. Northern hospitality. Apply to: Direc-
tor of Nurses, Porcupine General Hospital, South
Porcupine, Onto 7-123-1
Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants
for 100-bed General Hospital, situated in Northern
Ontario. Salary range $415 - $455 per month, RNA's
$273 - $317 per month, shift differential, annual
increments, 40 hour week, OHSC and P.S.I. plans in
effect. Accommodation available in residence if
desired. For full particulars apply to: The Director
of Nurses, Lady Minto Hospital, Cochrane, Ontario.
7-30-1 B
Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants
are invited to make application to our 75-bed,
modern General Hospital. You will be in the Vaca-
tionland of the North, midway between the lakehead
and Winnipeg, Manitoba. Basic wage for Registered
Nurses is $408 and for Registered Nursing Assistants
is $285 with yearly increments and consideration for
experience. Write or phone: The Director of Nursing,
Dryden District General Hospital, DRYDEN, Ontario.
7-26-1 A
Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants
for 160-bed accredited hospital. Starting salary $415
and $285 respectively with regular annual incre-
ments for both. Excellent personnel policies. Resid-
ence accommodation available. Apply to: Director of
Nursing, Kirkland & District Hospital, Kirkland lake,
Ontario. 7-67-1
Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants
(immediately) for 64-bed home for the aged in
Minden. 3 weeks vacation with pay. Cumulative sick
leave. Employer shared P.S.I. and O.H.S.C. Apply
to: The Administrator, Hyland Crest Home, P.O. Box
30, Minden, Ontario.
Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants
required for 42-bed hospital planning expansion in
progressive northern town. Winter and summer sports
excellent, usual fringe benefits, new salary range
effective January 1968 comparable with all hos.
pitals. Residence accommodation available. Apply
to: Director of Nursing, Box 340, New Liskeard and
District Hospital, New liskeard, Ontario.
Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants
Starting Salary for R.N. is $415 and for R.N.A. is $300.
Allowance for experience. Excellent fringe benefits.
Write: Mrs G. Gordon, Superintendent, Nipigon Dis-
trict Memorial Hospital, Box 37, Nipigon, Ontario.
7-87-t
Registered Nurse and Registered Nursing Assistants
in modern IOO-bed hospital, situated 40 miles from
Ottawa. Excellent personnel pol icies. Residence
accommodation available. Apply to: Director of
Nursing, Smiths Falls Public Hospital, Smiths Falls,
Ontario. 7-120-2A
I I
ONTARIO
FACULTY Position in Medical-Surgical Nursing
open for July, 1968 in the Bachelor of Science in
Nursing Course at McMaster University, Hamilton,
Ontario. Salary and academic rank commensurate
with education and experience. Please apply sending
curriculum vitae and two references to: Director,
School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton,
Ontario.
Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants
for 83-bed General Hospital in French speaking com-
munity of Northern Ontario. R.N:s salary: $420 to
$465/m., 4 weeks vocation, 18 sick leave days and
R.N.A:s salary: $300 to $340/m., 2 weeks vacation
and 12 sick leave days. Unused sick leave is paid
at IOOC}
. Rooming accommodations available in
town and meals served at the Hospital. Excellent
personnel policies. Apply to: Director of Nursing,
Notre-Dame Hospital, Hearst, Ontario. 7-58-1
REGISTERED NURSES and REGISTERED NURSING
ASSISTANTS required for loo-bed hospital in the
Model Town of the North. All usual fringe benefits,
living-in accommodation. Salary range for general
duty nurses $415-$485 depending on qualifications
and experience. Registered Nursing Assistants $290-
$346. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Sensenbren-
ner Hospital, Kapuskasing, Ontario.
Registered Nurses for General DulY' in well-equipped
28-bed hospital, located in growing gold mining
and tourist area, north of Kenora, Ontario. Modern
residence with individual rooms; room, board and
uniform laundry only $50/m, 40-hr. wk., no split shift,
cumulative sick time, 8 statutory holidays and 28
day paid vacation after one year. Starting salary
$430. Apply to: Matron, Morgaret Cochenour Memo-
rial Hospital, Cochenour, Ontario. 7-29.1
REGISTERED NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active
accredited well equipped 28-bed hospital. 30 miles
from Ottawa. Residence accommodation. Good per.
sonnel policies. Apply to: Administratrix, Kemptville
District Hospital, Kemptville, Ontario. 7-63-1
Regisfered Nurses for General Duty for
chest hospital. Residence accommodation,
commensurate with experience and ability.
to: Director of Nursing, Niagara Peninsula
torium, Box 158, St. Catharines, Ontario.
I 66-bed
salary
Apply
Sana-
Registered Nurses for General Duty in 100-bed hos-
pital, located 30-mi. from Ottawa, are urgently reo
quired. Good personnel policies, accommodation
ovailable in new staff residence. Apply: Director of
Nursing, District Memorial Hospital, Winchester, On-
tario. 7.144-1
General Duty Registered Nurse for new, well-
equipped 31-bed prefabricated hospItal located in
attractive community, 40 miles east of North Bay.
Good personnel policies and fringe benefits. Salary
scole $400 to $480 with five annual increments.
Apply to: Administratar, General Hospital, Mollawa,
Ontaria.
Registered Nurses for General Staff and Operating
Room. Accredited 235-bed, modern, General Hospital.
Good personnel pol icies. Beginning salary 5400 per
month, recognition for experience, annual bonus plan.
Planned in-service programs. Assistance with trans.
portation. Apply: Director of Nursing, Sudbury Me.
morial Hospital, Regent Street, S., Sudbury, Ontario.
7.127-4 A
Registered Nursing Assistant. 40 hour week, 9
statutory holidays. Member of O.H.A_ Pension Plan.
Other allractive fringe benefits. Salary Range $268
to $343. per month. Apply to: Superintendent, Horne-
payne Community Hospital, Box 190, Hornepayne,
Ontario. Phone 690 - Hornepayne.
Public Health Nurses required for generalized public
health programme. Salary range $5,300. to $6,550.,
based in accordance with experience. Four week
vacation, car allowance, pension plan, hospitaliza-
tion, P .SJ., and group insurance. Apply stating
qualifications to: Dr. H.H. Washburn, Director &
Medical Officer of Health, Norfolk County Health
Unit, Box 247, Simcoe, Ontario.
Staff Public Health Nurses. Vacancies in main and
satellite offices due to expansion of Unit. 1967
Salary Scale: $5,227. - $6,616. and presently being
negotiated for 1968. Usual benefits. For details
apply to: The Director, Sudbury & District Health
Unit, 50 Cedar Street, Sudbury, Ontario.
Qualified Public Health Nunes required for expand-
ing general ized program in leading resort area.
Attractive salary ranges, fringe benefits, and travel
allowance. For full details please contact: W. H.
Bennett, M.D., D.P.H., Medical Officer of Health,
Muskoka and District Health Unit, Box 1019, Brace-
bridge, Ontario. 7-15-2
DECEMBER 1967
.
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CREDIT VALLEY SCHOOL OF NURSING
INVITES APPLICATIONS FOR POSITIONS OF:
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR Qualifications: Ma5ter'5 degree in nursing education i5 preferred.
Baccalaureate degree i5 acceptable.
Experience in field of nur5ing education.
TEACHERS Qualifications: Baccalaureate degree preferred. Diploma in nur5ing
education and working toward degree acceptable.
Experience in nur5ing and teaching preferred.
A new, regional, independent School of Nur5ing, located twelve miles west of Toronto in COOKSVILLE, ON-
TARIO will be opening it5 door5 to its fir5t cla55 of nur5ing 5tudent5 in September, 1968. Faculty will be in-
volved in the planning of a curriculum for a two-year nur5ing programme followed by one year of internship.
Ultimate annual enrolment will be 150 5tudent5. Community agencies in the area and the five following
h05pital5 will be providing opportunities for observation, participation, and clinical experience5:
Georgetown and District Memorial Hospital, Georgetown
Milton District Hospital, Milton
Oakville-Trafalgar Memorial Hospital, Oakville
Peel Memorial Hospital, Brampton
South Peel Hospital, Cooksville
For further information, write to:
THE DIRECTOR
CREDIT VALLEY SCHOOL OF NURSINC
100 UPPER MIDDLE ROAD, COOK5VILLE, ONTARIO
Applications are invited for the position of
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
by April 1 sf 1968
NORTHERN ONTARIO
REGIONAL SCHOOL OF NURSING
at
Applications are invited from teachers interested in
developing two-plus-one diploma programme in this
new 5chool. Fir5t cla55 of 30 students September
1968. New Building being erected.
TRENTON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
TRENTON, ONT.
QUALIFICATIONS: B.Se.N. or
Diploma in Nur5ing Education or
Public Health Nursing
This p05ition carries re5pon5ibility for the co-ordin-
ation of all facets of nur5ing activity within thi5
150-bed acute treatment hospital and plan5 for 46
chronic bed exten5ion within one year.
Excellent Salary and personnel policies.
Applicant5 should have a degree in nur5ing 5ervice
admini5tration as well as experience on applicable
level.
Located near good golfing, hunting, fi5hing, boat-
ing, skiing, and all other winter sports.
Apply to:
Applications, or requests for additional information
should be addressed to:
The Director
H. F. NAUDETT, Administrator
TRENTON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
Trenton, Ontario
NORTHERN ONTARIO REGIONAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
c/o Kirkland and District Hospital
Kirkland Lake, Ontario
DECEMBER 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 61
ONTARIO
General Duty Nurses for 66-bed General Hospital.
Storting salary: SAOS m. Excellent personnel policies.
Pension pion, life insurance, etc., residence occom.
modotion. Only 10 min. from downtown Buffalo.
Apply. Director of Nursing, Douglas Memorial Hos-
pilal. ForI Erie, Onlaria. 7-45.]
G.n.ral Duly Nurs.. for 100-bed modern ha.pilal.
Southwestern Ontario, 32 mi. from London. Salary
commensurate with experience and ability; S39B/m
besic salary. Pension pion. Apply giving full par-
ticulars to: The Director of Nurses, District Memorial
Haspilal, TiJI.anburg, On Iorio. 7-13].1
G.n.ral Staff Nur... and R.gi.t.red Nur.ing A..i.-
tanls ore required for a modern, well-equipped General
Hospital currently expanding to t67 beds. 5itualed in
o progressive community in South Western Ontario, 30
miles from Windsor-Detroit Border. Salary scaled to
experience and qualifications. Excellent employee
benefits and working conditions plus on opportunity
to work in a Patient Centered Nursing Service. Write
for further information to: Miss Patricia McGee, B.
Sc.N., Reg.N. Director of Nursing, leamington District
Memorial Hospital, Leamington, Ontario. 7.69-1 A
OPERATING ROOM NURSES (2) for a fully aC-
crediled 70-bed General Hospital. For Operating
Room Duty. Salary according to experience. Apply to:
O.R. Supervisor, Penetanguishene Generol Hospital,
Penetanguishene, Ontorio. 7-99
2
Public Health Nurses wonted for scenic urban and
rural health unit, close to the capitol city, in the
upper Ottawa Valley tourist area. Good Summer
and winter recreational facilities. Salary range
$5,192 - $6,107. Allawanc. for experience and/or
degree. Usual fringe benefits. Direct enquiries to
Miss R. Coyne, Supervisor of Nurses, Renfrew
County Health Unit, 169 William 5treet, Pembroke
Ontario.
Pubic H.alth Nurs. (qualified) for generalized pro-
gramme. Salary range $5,200 - $6,400 according
to experience. Salaries negotiated yearly. Personnel
policies on request. Apply in writing to: Miss
Bealrice Whalley, 5upervisar of Public Health Nurs-
ing, Walerlaa County Health Unit, 109 Argyle 5t.,
S., Preston, Ontario.
Public H.alth Nur... for H.alth Unit in Narlhern
Ontario. Generalized Program. Good salary and
personnel policies. Apply: Supervisor of Nurses,
Parcupin. Health Unit, Timmins, Ontario. 7.132-2
QUEBEC
R.gi.t.r.d Nur... for 30-b.d General Hospital. Hun.
tingdon is a small manufacturing town 50 miles
from centre of Montreal. There are excellent sociol
and recreational facilities. Salaries as approved by
QHIS. Annual vocation 4 weeks, accumulated sick
leave. Blue Cross paid. Bonus for permanent night
shift. Full maintenance available for $43.50 per
month. Apply: Mrs. D. Howley, R.N., Huntingdon
Caunly Hospital, Huntingdon, Quebec. 9.29.1
REGISTERED NURSES for modern 80-bed general
hospital expanding to 150 beds, located in on at-
tractive, dynamic, sports oriented community 50
miles south of Montreal. Salaries and fringe bene-
fits comparable to Manlreal. Apply to: Director of
Nursing, Brome-Missisquoi
Perkins Hospital, Cowans-
ville, P.Q.
OPERATING ROOM STAFF NURSES: (application. are
invited). In a modern 350-bed hospital. 5alaries
commensurate with experience and postgraduate
education. Cumulative sick leave, 28 days annual
vacation, retirement plan and other liberal fringe
benefits. Apply: Director of Nursing Service, St.
Mary's Hospital, 3830 Lacomb. Avenue, Montreal
26, Quebec. .9-47-39A
SASKA TCHEW AN
Dir.ctar of Nu.... required for 16.bed hospital
located 25 miles S.W. of Soskataan. Accommodation
available. SRNA policies in effect. Apply slaling ex-
perience and quolifications to: The Administrator,
Delisle Union Hospital, Deli.le, Sosk.
DIRECTOR OF NURSING requir.d for modern 24-b.d
active treatment hospital. Graduates in nursing ad-
ministration or with experience will be given pre-
ference. Solary schedule will be based on th.
SRNA recommendations: Apply: Mr. R. Halinaty,
Administrator, Wakaw Union Hospital, Wok ow,
Soskatchewan.
62 THE CANADIAN NURSE
II
SASKA TCHEW AN
NURSING INSTRUCTORS. Positions available as nurs-
ing instructors in medical-surgical, obstetric, pediatric
and psychiatric nursing, 1968-69 academic. term. Re-
sponsibilities include clinical and classroom teaching
in a Two Year Program. Bachelor of Science degree
preferred. Beginning salary $577. Apply: Director,
Regina Grey Nuns' Hospital, School.. of Nursing,
Regina, Sask.
R.gi.ter.d Nur... wonted for newly enlarged 17-bed
hospital. 5alary range $421 - $525 with increment
provision for experience. Separate nurses' residence,
40 hour week, pension plan, etc. Apply: LoVern
Gervais, Secretory-Manager, Parodise Hill Union Hos-
pital, Paradise Hill, Sosk.
R.gi.t.r.d Nur... required for 450-bed General Hos-
pital. Ba.ic salary range $401. - $511. Recognition
given for experience. Must be eligible for Saskat-
chewan registration. Apply to: Director of Nursing
Service, Regina Grey Nuns' Hospital, 4101 Dewdney
Avenue, Reg ina, Saskatchewan.
REGISTERED NURSES required for 24-b.d active
treatment hospital. Established personnel policies
and pension plan. So lory range as per SRNA
recommendations. Adiustments to starting salary
mode for previous experience. Residence accom-
modation avoilable at nominal cost. Apply Miss
Fey Cook, Acting Director of Nursing, Wokaw
Union Hospital, Wakaw, Saskatchewan.
REGISTERED GENERAL DUTY NURSES required by a
40-bed fully accrediled hospital. 5alary in accar.
dance with the SRNA. Recognition of pasl ex-
perience policy applicable. Frequent doily trans-
portotion connections by train and bus east and
west. Apply in writing or phone 948-3323 caliecl
to: Director of Nurses, Biggar Union Hospital,
Biggar, 5askatchewan.
General Duty and Operating Room Nurses, also
C.rtified Nursing A.si.tant. for 560-bed University
Hospital. Salary commensurate with experience and
preporations. Excellent opportunities to engage in
progressive nursing. Apply: Director of Personnel,
University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
GRADUATE NURSES required for 8-bed haspilal in
Southern Sask. Salary range $420 - $535. Qualifica-
tions and experience considered. Three weeks vaca-
lion plus statutory holidays and 40 hour week. Per-
sonnel policies on request. Apply to: Mrs. D.L.
Knops. Sec.-Treas., Rockglen Union Hospital, Rockglen,
Saskatchewan.
II
UNITED STATES
Registered Nurses, Career sotisfaction, interest and
professionol growth unlimited in modern, JCAH ac-
crediled 243-bed hospital. Located in one of Califar.
nia's finest areas, recreationol, educotional and cul-
tural advantages are yours as well as wonderful
year-round climate. If this combination is what
you're looking for, contact us now!Staff nurse en-
trance salary $575-$600 per month; increases to
$700 per month; supervisory positions at highest
rates. Special area and .hift differentials to $54. per
month. Exc.llent benefits include free health and
life insurance, retirement, credit union and libera1
personnel policies. Professional stoff appointments
available in all clinicol areas to those eligible for
California licensure. Write today: Director of Nursing,
Eden Haspilal. 20103 Lake Chabot Rood, Castro Vol.
ley, California. 15-5.12
REGtSTERED NURSES Opportunities available at
415-bed hospital in Medical-Surgical, Lobar and
Delivery, Intensive Core, Operating Room and Psy-
chiatry. No rototion of shift, good salary, evening
and night differentials, liberal fringe benefit..
Temporary living accommodations available. Apply:
Miss Dolores Merrell, R.N., Personnel Director, Queen
of Angels Hospital, 230] Bellevue Avenue, Los
Angeles 26, California. t5-5.3G
REGISTERED NURSES - SAN FRANCISCO Children's
Ha.pital and Adult Medical C.nler hospital for men,
women and children. California registrotion required.
Opportunities in all clinical areas. Excellent solaries,
differentiols for evenings and nights. Holidoys, vaco-
tions, sick leove, life insurance, health insurance and
employer-paid pension-plan. Applications ond details
furnished on request. Contact Personnel Director, Chil-
dren's Hospital, 3700 California Street, 5an Francisco
18, California. 15-5-4
Nur... for new 75-bed General Haspilal. Resort
orea. Ideal climate. On beautiful Pacific ocean.
Apply to: Director of Nurse., 5auth Coast Com-
munity Ha.pital, 5aulh Laguna, California. 15-5.50
II
UNITED STATES
REGISTERED NURSES: Mount Zion Hospital and Me-
dical Center's Increased salary scoles now double our
attroction for nurses who find they can offord to live
by the Golden Gate. Expansion has created vacancies
for stoff and specialty assignments. Address enquiry
to: Personnel Deportment, 1600 Divisadero Street, Son
Francisco, California 94115. An equal apporlunity
employer. 15.5-4C
Staff Duty pa.itian. (Nur...) in private 403-b.d
hospital. Liberol personnel policies and salary. Sub-
stontial differential for evening and night duty.
Write: Personnel Director, Hospital of The Good
5amaritan, 1212 5hatta 5lreet, Los Ang.I.. ]7,
California. J5-5-3b
Wanted - General Duty Nurses. Applications now
being token for nursing positions in a new addi.
tion to the existing hospital including surgery, cen-
tral .terile and supply, general duty. Salary $550
per month plus fringe benefits. Contact: Director of
Nurses, Alamosa Community Hospital Alamosa.
Colorado. 15-6-1
REGISTERED NURSES: for 75-bed air-candilianed
hospital, growing community. Starting .alary $330
$365/m, fringe benefits, vocation, sick leave, holi-
days, life insurance, hospitalization. 1 meol furnish-
ed. Write: Administrator, Hendry General Hospital,
Clewistan, Florida. 15-10.]
STAFF NURSES: University of Washington. 320-bed
modern, expanding Teaching and Research Hospital
located on campus offers you on opportunity to
ioin the stoff in one of the following specialties:
Clinical Research, Premature Center, Open Heart
Surgery, Physical Medicine, Orthopedics, Neurosurge-
ry, Adult and Child Psychiatry in addition to the
G.neral Services. Solary $525 for newly graduale
nurse. $560 within first six manlhs to $640. Solary
commensurate with experience and education. Unique
benefit program includes free University courses after
six months. For .nformation on opportunities, write
to: Mrs. Ruth Fine, Director of Nursing Services, Uni-
versity Hospital, t959 N.E. Pacific Avenue, Seattle,
Washington 98105.
Registered Nurses - with desire ta grow. Im-
mediate stoff openings - including speciality areas
- for nurses eligible for Washington licensure.
General hospital, research oriented, expanding from
300 to 500 beds. Liberal salary and fringe benefits.
For further information contoct Providence Hospital,
Personnel Dept., 500 - 17th, Seattle, Washinglan,
9B122.
Op.rating Roam Nur... - A Chall.ng.' Excep-
tional opportunity for experienced operating room
nurses. Recent increases in personnel s,affing provide
openings for both supervisory and stoff operating
room nurses. Solary $575 per month and up depend-
ing upon experience. Excellent fringe benefits.
located in the spectacular Pacific Northwest, this
500-bed, JCAH fully accredited teaching hospital and
medical center including a school of nursing,
overages 10,000 procedures per year. Experience is
available in all specialty areas. Excellent oppor-
tunities for advancement. Planned RN teaching
programs. If you enjoy relaxed living where year
around outdoor activities abound, the friendly "City
of Roses", portland. Oregon, is the place for you.
The ski slopes of Mt. Hood and Ihe shores of the
Pacific Ocean are within ane hour of the city. Three
major universities provide excellent educational op-
portunities. To learn more, write or call Director of
Personnel, Good 5amaritan Hospital & Medical
C.nter, 1015 Narthw.st 22nd Avenue, Portland,
Oregon.
RED CROSS
IS ALWAYS THERE
WITH YOUR HELP
DECEMBER 1967
I
NEED
YOU
....
... ...
,
TO CARE FOR ME AT
U.S. PHS ALASKA NATIVE HOSPITALS
WANTED: PROFESSIONAL NURSES FOR
CIVIL SERVICE POSITIONS
EXCELLENT SALARIES
PROMOTIONAL OPPORTUNITIES
TRAVEL
CIVIL SERVICE BENEFITS
NEW EXPERIENCES
For Details W rite To:
AREA PERSONNEL OFFICER
U.S. PHS ALASKA NATIVE HEALTH AREA OFFICE
BOX 7.741
ANCHORAGE, ALASKA
EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER
TEACHERS
are you interested in developing
a progressive educational programme?
THE SCARBOROUGH REGIONAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
Announces the following faculty positions for 1968
1. Teachers:
Qualifications: Baccalaureate Degree preferred,
or Diploma in Education.
Nursing experience necessary.
2. Health Counsellor:
Qualifications: Baccalaureate Degree or Diploma
in Public Health.
Nursing experience necessary.
For further information and an
application form, write to:
.The Director,
SCARBOROUGH REGIONAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
2877 Ellsmere Road
West Hill, Ontario
DECEMBER 1967
. Are you dissofisfied wifh your posifion?
. Would you like 0 change?
. Would you like to meef new people?
THIS
. Would you like fo increose your nurs-
ing skills?
1S-SECOND TEST
. Would you like to work where
there is an active research pro.
gram?
COULD
. Are you adopfable?
. Do you enjoy winter and summer
sports?
CHANGE
. Do you crave more cultural advon-
tages?
YOUR
. Is yaur life a Utile boring right now?
. Do you sense excilemenf in a change?
FUTURE
If your answer is YES you will like work-
ing at this 1087 bed teaching hospifal.
Apply on wrifing fo:
Miss B. Jean Milligan, Reg. N., M.A.,
Assistant Director,
Otlawo Civic H,)spitol,
1053 Carling Ave., Ottawa 3, Onto
HOSPITAL STAFF NURSES
Department of Veterans Affairs
LONDON, Ontario
Salary to $4800
We5tmin5ter Hospital, a modern 1500-bed active
treatment, teaching h05pital, require5 experienced
graduates from an approved 5chool of Nur5ing with
Regi5tration in a Province of Canada to:
identify the nursing need5 of patients
plan and provide nursing core according to rec-
ognized 5tandards and hospital policy
aS5ume re5pon5ibility for a ward or specialty
unit during evening and night hours
direct and supervi5e the work of nur5ing auxi-
liaries.
Applications should be forwarded immediately to:
PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION OF CANADA
Postian Building,
395 Dundas Street,
London, Ontario.
Please quote Reference No. 67-T-3015
THE CANADIAN NURSE 63
UNITED STATES
REGISTERED NURSES: Excellent opportunity for ad-
vancement in atmosphere of medical excellence. Pro-
gressive patient core including Intensive Care and
Cordiac Care Units. Finely "equipped growing 200-bed
suburban community hospital on Chicago's beautiful
North Shore. Modern, furnished apartments are
available for single professional women. Other
fringe benefits include paid vacation after six
months, paid life insurance, 50% tuition refund and
stoff development program. Solary range from $550-
$660 per month plus shift differential. Contact:
Donald L. Thompson, R.N., Director of Nursing,
Highland Pork Hospital, Highland Pork, Illinois
60035. 15.14-3C
Registered Nurses and Certified Nursing Allistants.
Opening in severol areas, all shifts. Every other week-
end off, in small community hospital 2 miles from
Boston. Rooms available. Hospital paid life insuronce
and other liberal fringe benefits. fiN salary $100 per
week, plus differential of $20 for 3-11 p.m. and
11-7 a.m. shifts. C.N. Ass'ts. $80 weekly plus $10 for
3.11 p.m. and 11-7 a.m. shifts. Must read, write,
and speak English. Write: Miss Byrne, Director of
Nurses, Chelsea Memorial Hospital, Chelsea, Mas-
sachusetts 02150. 15-22-1 C
I I
UNITED STATES
Registered Nurses. modern 280.bed teaching hospital
University City. 45 mins. f am NYC & Phil. Positions
available in Med. - Surg. Units. Intensive Care.
Obstetrics - New 80rn Nsy. Hospital fully accredited
AMA. Approved programs for interns and residents.
Paid hospitalization, tuition plan, 3-wks. Paid vaca-
tion. alternote week-ends off. Continuing education
programs for staff. Housing available. Assistance
given in obtaining N.J. licensure. Must be high
school graduate. Apply: Personnel Deportment, Mid-
dlesex General Hospital, New Brunswick, New
Jersey 08901
SEATTLE General Duty Nurses. 5alary, experienced,
days $560-$610. New graduates $525 to start. $35
differential on evening and night shift. Excellent
benefits. 230-bed regional referral General Hospital
with intensive care and coronary units. Postgradu-
ate classes available at two universities. Extensive
intern and resident teaching program. Hospital lo-
cated adjacent to Northwest.s largest private clinic.
Free housing first month. Canadian trained nurses
with psychiatric affiliation. Please write Personnel
Director, Virginia Mason Hospital. 1111 Terry Ave-
nue, Searr'e, Washington 98101.
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NIGHT NURSE
University Hospifal is pleased fo announce fhat starfing pay for night
nurses nOw ranges from $31.00 to $34.00 per shift ($8,056 to $8,839
for an annual starting salary)--depending on education and experience.
After 4 years service, night nurse salaries range up to $9,622
per year. The base pay for permanent evening and rotating fours
has also been increased plus excellent Universify Stoff benefits are
offered fo all nurses.
Universify Hospital has a Service Deportment which assigns frained
personnel to handle paperwork and of her non-nursing chores,
relieving our nurses fOr pofient core exclusively.
Ann Arbor is notionally known as a Center of Culture with emphasis
on art, music and droma--ond recognized as on exciting and desirable
communify in which fo live.
Write to Mr. William Eaton, Personnel Administrator, Box B,
A600l, Universify Hospital, University of Michigan for
mOre informafion or phone collecf (313) 764-2182.
We are on Equal Opportunity Employer
UNIVERSITY OF
MEDICAL CENTER,
MICHIGAN
ANN ARBOR
64 THE CANADIAN NURSE
THE HOSPITAL
FOR
SICK CHILDREN
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YOU
Receive the advantages of:
1 _ Five-week
gram for
orientation
new staff.
pra-
2. Ongoing in-5ervice education
for nurses.
3. Exten5ive student education
program.
4. Research Institute.
APPLICATION FOR GENERAL
DUTY POSITIONS INVITED
For information contact:
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING
555 University Avenue
Toronto, Canada
DECEMBER 1967
MEDICINE HAT
GENERAL HOSPITAL
MEDICINE HAT, ALBERTA
STAFF NURSES
Current Recommended
Salary Scoles
Apply:
Director of Nursing
or any
CANADA MANPOWER CENTRE
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
EDUCATION
Moster's degree preferred; fo conduct
basic nursing program and offiliofe pro-
gram.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing,
CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL
OF WINNIPEG,
Winnipeg, Manitoba.
KELOWNA GENERAL HOSPITAL
OKANAGAN VALLEY, B. C.
VACANCY OPEN
FOR NURSING OFFICE
NURSING SERVICE
SUPERVISOR
Preparation ond experience in nursing
service administrafion required, degree
preferred.
Applicotions ond enquiries 10:
Director of Nursing
KELOWNA GENERAL HOSPITAL
2268 Pandosy Street
Kelowna, B.C.
DECEMBER 1967
I I
UNITED STATES
UNITED STATES
REGISTERED NURSES - CALIFORNIA Progressive hos-
pitol in Son Joaquin Volley has openings for R.N:s.
Located between San Francisco and Los Angeles near
mountain, ocean and desert resorts. Paid vacation,
paid sick leave, paid Blue Cross, disability insurance,
voluntary retirement plan. Salary range frem $SOO to
$700 monthly. Write: Personnel Director, Mercy Hos-
pital, Bakersfield, California. IS-S-S8A
REGISTERED NURSES needed for rapidly expanding
general hospital on the beautiful Peninsula near
Son Francisco. Outstanding policies and benefits
including generous sick leave and vacation accrual,
temporary accommodations at low cost, paid hos-
pital and major medical insurance, fully refundable
retirement plan, liberal shift differentials, no rot-
ation, exceptional in-service and orientation pro-
grams, sick leeve conversion to vacation, paid life
insurance, tuition reimbursement. Salary range $598-
$727. Contoct Personnel Administrator, Peninsula
Hospital, 1783 EI Camino Real, Burlingame, Colifor.
nia 94010.
REGISTERED NURSES - Southern California - Op-
portunities available - 368-bed modern hospital in
Medical-Surgical, Labor and Delivery, Nursery, Oper-
ating Room and Intensive and Coronory Care Units.
Good solary and liberal fringe benefits. Continuing
inservice education program. Located 10 miles from
Los Angeles near skiing, swimming, cultural and edu-
cational facilities. Temporary living accommodations.
Apply: Director of Nursing Service, Saint Joseph
Hospital, Burbank, California 91503. 15.5.63
REGISTERED NURSES - Generol Duty for 84-bed
JCAH hospitol 1 1 -:a hours from San Francisco, 2
hours from the Lake Tahoe. Starting salary $600/m.
with differentiols. Apply: Director of Nurses, Mem.
orial Hospital, Woodland, California. IS-S-49B
THE WINNIPEG GENERAL HOSPITAL
1000 beds, part of expanding health sciences complex affiliated with the
University of Manitoba, centrally located in large culturally alive
cosmopol itan city,
.
I,. II
rill
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II If II .1
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invites applications from
REGISTERED NURSES seeking professional growth, opportunity for inno-
vation, and job satisfaction.
. ORIENTATION - extensive two week program at full salary
. ON-GOING EDUCATION - provided through
active in-service programmes in all patient care areas
one university credit course offered each year on hospital
premises
opportunity to attend conferences, institutes, meetings
of professional association
- post graduate courses in selected clinical specialties
. PROGRESSIVE PERSONNEL POLICIES
salary based on experience and preparation
paid vacation based on years of service
shift differential for rotating services
10 statutory holidays per year
insurance, retirement and pension plans
. SPECIALIZED SERVICE AREAS - orthopedics, psychiatry, post
anaesthetic, casualty, intensive care, kidney dialysis, medicine
and surgery.
. ENQUIRIES WELCOME
For further information please write to:
Nursing Section
Personnel Department
THE WINNIPEG GENERAL HOSPITAL
700 William Avenue
Winnipeg, Manitoba.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 65
nurses
who want to
nurse
At York Central you can join
an active, interested group of
nurses who want the chance to
nurse in its broadest sense. Our
126-bed, fully accredited hospi-
tal is young, and already talking
expansion. Nursing is a profes-
sion we respect and we were the
first to plan and develop a unique
nursing audit system; new mem-
bers of our nursing staff do not
necessarily start at the base salary
of $400 per month but get added
pay for previous years of work.
There are opportunities for gain-
ing wide experience, for getting
to know patients as well as staff.
Situated in Richmond Hill. all
the cultural and entertainment fa-
cilities of Metropolitan Toronto
are available a few miles to the
South. " and the winter and
summer holidav and week.-end
pleasures of o'ntario are easily
accessible to the North. If you
are really interested in nursing.
you are needed and will be made
v, elcome.
Apply in person or b
mail to the
Director of '\Jursing.
YORK
CENTRAL
HOSPITAI.A
RICHMO!\D HILL
ONTARIO
NEW STAFF RESIDENCE
66 THE CANADIAN NURSE
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UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA
SCHOOL OF NURSING
Invites applications for Faculty
Appointments in:
-PSYCHIATRIC
NURSING
-MEDICAL-SURGICAL
NURSING
-OBSTETRICAL
NURSING
in the four-yeor basic degree program.
Effective dote of employmenf July, 1968.
Salaries in accord with University of AI.
berfa salary schedule and commensurafe
wifh qualificafions and experience. Mos.
fer's degree or higher preferred.
APPLY TO:
Ruth E. McClure, Director
SCHOOL OF NURSING
UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA
Edmonton, Alberta
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR
Of NURSING
Applications are invited for the
above position in a fully ac-
credited 163-bed General Hos-
pital in beautiful Northern On-
tario.
Desirable qualifications should
include B.S.N. Degree with ex-
perience in supervision.
For further information,
Write to:
Director of Nursing
KIRKLAND and DISTRICT HOSPITAL
Kirkland Lake, Ontario.
SUNNYBROOK
HOSPIT AL
REGISTERED NURSES
General Duty Nurses on rotating
shifts are needed as part of the
re-organization of Sunnybrook as
a university teaching hospital.
Employment in our Nursing Ser-
vices Department includes:
Metro Toronto Salary Scale
Accommodation at reduced
rates. Full range of fringe
benefits
Three weeks vacation after
1 year
- Good location
subway on
grounds.
bus from
to hospital
For additional information,
please write:
Director of Personnel
and Public Relations,
SUNNYBROOK HOSPITAL
2075 Bayview Avenue
Toronto 12, Ontario
DECEMBER 1967
THE ONTARIO HOSPITAL. LONDON
requires immediately
REGISTERED NURSES
and
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS
For 800 bed progressive psychiatric hospital. Occupancy of new patient care facilities expected by late fall
or early new year. Excellent opportunities for advancement within the planned expansion programme.
QUALIFICA nONS:
Reaistration in the crovince of Ontario.
SALARY: R.N. $5,250.00 - $6,000.00 annually. Maximum salary increased to $6,300.00 January 1, 1968.
Salary differential for recent experience and post-basic nursing preparation.
R.N.A. $4,383.00 - $4,759.00 annually.
BENEFITS: Sick leave credits, vocation credits, excellent pension plan, subsidized health and life insurance
plans, annual salary increments.
@
ONTARIO
PROVINCE OF OPPORTUNITY
Please apply to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
THE ONTARIO HOSPITAL
LONDON, ONTARIO
or call 455-5110 - extension 212 for an appointment
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GENERAL STAFF NURSES
Applications are invited from
REGISTERED NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS
required for
REGINA GENERAL HOSPITAL
For full time, 40 hour week, Rotation Duty.
One Weekend off Duty every three weeks.
Vacancies in Medical, Surgical, Obstetric,
Paediatric, Operating Room, Intensive Care
and Emergency Unit. Active Inservice and
Orientation programs as well as excellent
personnel policies and fringe benefits.
openings in all departments
including new Intensive Care Unit
STARTING SALARY $401
Recognition Given For Experience
Progressive Personnel Policies
Director of Nursing
Apply:
TORONTO EAST GENERAL
AND ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL
Toronto 13, Ontario
Personnel Department
REGINA GENERAL HOSPITAL
Regina, Saskatchewan
DECEMBER 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 67
REGISTERED NURSES
required for
B2-bed hospital. Situafed in the Niagora
Peninsula. Transporfation assisfance.
For salary rafes and personnel policies,
apply to:
Director of Nursing
HALDIMAND WAR MEMORIAL
HOSPITAL
Dunnville, Ontario
222 BED GENERAL HOSPITAL
requires
STAFF NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS
Cornwall is nofed for ifs summer ond
winter sport oreas, and is on hour and a
half from both Montreal and Ottowa.
Progressive personnel policies include 4
weeks vacafion. Experience and posf-basic
certificafes are recognized.
Apply to:
Ass't. Director of Nursing
(Service)
CORNWALL GENERAL HOSPITAL
Cornwall, Ontario
SCHOOL OF NURSING
ST. THOMAS.ElGIN GENERAL HOSPITAL
Requires
CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR (Medical)
Annual enrollmenf of 50 sfudenfs.
B.Sc.N. preferred. University Diplomo oc.
cepfable. Sa lory commensurafe wifh quo.
lifications and experience.
Apply:
Director of Nursing
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN
GENERAL HOSPITAL
St. Thomas, Onto
68 THE CANADIAN NURSE
SUPERVISOR OF NURSING
requirecI by
QUEENS GENERAL HOSPITAL
LIVERPOOL, NOVA SCOTIA
(55-bed capacify)
It is preferred that the applicant have a
diploma and experience in nursing service
adminisfration.
Salary commensurate with qualificafions
and experience.
For further particulars apply to:
Superintendent
QUEENS GENERAL HOSPITAL
Liverpool, Nova Scotia
A REGISTERED NURSE
BILINGUAL
Required for a Supervisory Position in a
modern BO-bed hospital expanding fo
150 beds. Locafed in fhe Easfern Town-
ships, an allroclive, dynamic community
50 miles soufh of MonfreaL Posfgraduate
froining in Supervision on asset. Salary
in accordance wifh Quebec Hospital In-
surance Service.
Write to:
Director of Nursing
BROME-MISSISQUOI-PERKINS
HOSPITAL
Cowansville, Quebec
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC HOSPITAL
School of Nursing requires
INSTRUCTRESS (Nursing Arts)
INSTRUCTRESS (Medical-Surgical Area)
New self-confained educafian building for
school of nursing now open.
Trent University is sifuafed in Peferborough
For further information write to:
Director of Nursing
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC
HOSPIT AL
Peterborough, Ontario
ST. JOSEPH'S REGIONAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
LONDON, ONTARIO
announces
FACULTY POSITIONS
For 0 fwo yeor programme
(1) Curriculum Co-ordinator
(2) Regisfrar
(3) Teachers in Nursing, Science,
Medical, Surgical, Pediafric
and Psychiafric Nursing.
Enquiries ore invited from qualified per-
sons.
Apply to:
The Director
ST. JOSEPH'S REGIONAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
London, Ontario
BE THE NURSE OF TOMORROW TODAY!
ON BEAUTIFUL GALVESTON ISLAND
THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS
HOSPITALS
AT GALVESTON, TEXAS
A planned pre-Service Education Program
A Continuation Education Program
Unit Management System Operating in all
Hospítals
A Clinical Area Supervisor of In-Service
Education for DB and Medicine oreas.
liberal Personnel Policies.
STAFF NURSE SALARIES
$514-$650, based on background of experi-
ence and education. $60 differential for
nigths or two-shift rotation. $90 differen-
tial for evenings or three-shift rotation.
Positions in Psychiatry, Pediatrics, OB-Gyn
Medicine, Surgery, Operating Room. Recovery
Room and Clinical Study Center.
Write to:
DIRECTOR OF RECRUITMENT
UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS
HOSPITALS
Galveston, Texas 77550
WE ARE AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY
EMPLOYER
CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS
requirecI
with preparofion and experience Eligible
for B. C. Registrotion. Medical, Surgical
and Paediatric areas.
Sfudent enrollment - 200
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
Victoria, B. C.
DECEMBER 1967
ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
ONTARIO HOSPITAL, .WHITBY
PUBLIC
HEALTH
NURSE
SALARY: $7,500 to $8,600
$7,800 to $9,000
(EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 1968)
An interesting position is open on the Alcoholic Research Unit at the Ontario Hospital, Whitby.
As a member of an interdisciplinary team, the incumbent of this position would establish liai-
son with relatives, public health agencies, industry and organizations to assist in the promotion
and development of a programme for alcoholics within the community. Travelling would be
limited to vicinity and an automobile would be required.
Registered nurses with a certificate in Public Health Nursing and three years of experience in
the field of Public Health are invited to apply to:
(î)
ONTARIO
PROVINCE OF OPPORTUNITY
PERSONNEL OFFICER
ONTARIO HOSPITAL
WHITBY
NURSES
EXECUTIVE AND GENERAL DUTY STAFF
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OPPORTUNITIES
THE SCARBOROUGH
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Unlimifed challenge fo progress wifhin 0 modern, 1,000 bed teoch.
ing hospifal, affiliafed wifh The University of Western Onforio,
(situafed in fhe heart of Soufhwesfern Ontario.) Wide choice of
specialfies includes:-
MEDICINE
OBSTETRICS
OPERATING ROOM
INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
DIALYSIS UNIT
SURGERY
PAEDIATRICS
RECOVERY ROOM
CORONARY CARE UNIT
PSYCHIATRY
Invites applications from General Duty Nurses. Excellenf personnel
policies. An acfive ond sfimulating In-Service Educafion and
Orienfafion Programme. A modern Managemenf Training Pro.
gramme to assisf the career.minded nUrse to assume managerial
posifions. Salory is commensurote with experience and obilify. We
encourage you to toke advantage of the opporfunifies offered in
this new and expanding teaching hospifal with ifs extended ser-
vices in Paediafrics, Orfhopaedics, Psychiafry, Cardiology, Plostic
Surgery, Operofing Room, Emergency, and Intravenous Theropy.
BENEFITS
-Top sala,ies and personnel policies
-40-hour work week
-28 days vacation, execulive nursing personnel
-21 days vacation, general duly staff
-18 days sick leave
FOR FURTHER DET AtLS WRITE TO:
Director of Nursing
VICTORIA HOSPITAL
london - Ontario
For further information write to:
Director of Nursing
Scarborough General Hospital
Scarborough
Metropolitan Toronto, Ontario
DECEMBER 1967
THE CANADIAN NURSE 69
THE HOSPITAL
FOR
SICK CHILDREN
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OFFERS:
1. Satisfying experience
2. Stimulating and friendly en-
vironment.
3. Orientation and In-Service
Education Program.
4. Sound Personnel Policies.
5. Liberal vacation.
APPLICATIONS FOR REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS INVITED.
For detailed information
please write to:
The Assistant Director
of Nursing
AUXILIARY STAFF
555 University Avenue
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
70 THE CANADIAN NURSE
HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
HOSPITAL -
Newly expanded 350-bed hospital. Progressive patient core con-
cept.
SALARY -
General Staff Nurses (Currently Registered in Ontario) $400.00 -
$480. - 5-increments.
Registered Nursing Assistants (Currently Registered in Ontario)
$295.00 - $331.00, - 3 increments.
HOUSING -
Furnished apartments available at subsidized rates.
JOB SATISFACTION -
High quality patient care and friendly working environment. We
appreciate our personnel and encourage their professional develop-
ment.
You are invited to enquire concerning employment opportunities to:
Director of Nursing
HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
200 Church Street, Weston, Ontario
Telephone 249-8111 (Toronto)
CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL
Requires
Registered General Duty Nurses
AND
Certified Nursing Aides
(Registered Nursing Assistants)
This is a modern, 1,000-bed hospital including a new 200-bed conval-
escent-rehabilitation section.
Benefits include pension plan, sick leave, plus a liberal vacation policy.
REGISTERED NURSES SALARY: 1967 $380 - 450
1968 $405 - 485
with recognition for experience and post-graduate preparation.
CERTIFIED NURSING AIDES SALARY: $260 - 300 plus shift differential for
evening and night duty.
Apply to:
Personnel Assistant
CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL
841 Centre Avenue East, Calgary, Alberta
DECEMBER 1967
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THE UNIVERSITY OF
ALBERT A HOSPITAL
is accepting applications from
Registered Nurse Candidates for
a 6 month course in Operating
Room Technique and Manage-
ment.
The class will commence March
4, 1968.
For further information apply to :
The Director of Nursing
THE UNIVERSITY OF
ALBERTA HOSPITAL
Edmonton, Alberta.
DIRECTOR OF
NURSING
EDUCA TION
Fully accredited hospital school
of 70 students located in Colo-
rado. J.C.A.H. Accredited Gen-
eral Hospital with expansion
plans. Position open for imme-
diate appointment. Master's De-
gree required. Salary Commen-
surate with qualifications, start-
ing in the range of $12,000. to
$15,000 per annum. Excellent
personnel policies, benefits and
working conditions. Located at
the foot of Pikes Peak with many
cultural, recreational and educa-
tional opportunities.
Apply:
Kenneth S. Meredith
FACHA
Executive Director
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
COLORADO SPRINGS
Colorado 80901
DECEMBFR 1967
ST.
CLAIR
COLLEGE
REQU I RES A
HEAD
OF
SERVICES
HEALTH
THE POSITION - 0 new office created to adminisfer a wide variety of proposed vocational-
ly orienfed courses connecfed with the Paramedical field - Health Services Field - e.g.
Medicol Laborofory Technology, Nurses Training, X-Ray Technologist, Public Health.
THE SUCCESSFUL APPLICANT - will reporf fo the Dean of Arfs ond Science - will be asked
fo develop and administer courses such as those listed above with the guidance ond
assistance of locol authorities in the corresponding occupations.
- should have several yeors of field and/or teaching experience in on occupofion os-
sociated with the Health Science field. - will be asked fo feach same classes in one of
fhe obove areas. - should have proven obilify fo work compatibly with people, to
organize and fo administer.
EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS - M.A., M.D., or Ph.D. in one of fhe Biological Sciences, or
Health Service field.
SALARY RANGE - Open fo negotiation and competifive with equivalenf positions in fhe
medical and industrial fields.
ST. CLAIR COLLEGE is a young, dynamic and rapidly growing educational organization, de-
voted to assisfing young people fo prepare fhemselves both socially and vocationally
for the complex world which fhey are enfering as adulfs. We invife you fo assist us in
this exciting and challenging venfure.
Enquiries should be addressed to, or phone:
DR. R. C. QUITTENTON, President
ST. CLAIR COLLEGE OF APPLIED ARTS AND TECHNOLOGY
TALBOT RD., WINDSOR, ONTARIO. 966-1656
BELLEVILLE
GENERAL
HOSPITAL
Located in Ontario's Summer Resort
Area with easy access by rail or
Road to major cities and U.S.A.
OPERATINC ROOM SUPERVISOR
A new hospital being completed this year will increase the existing
bed capacity to 450. An operating room complex incorporating auto-
mated systems for equipment and material supply will lead the way in
modern hospital operation.
SALARY: Commensurate with preparation and experience with annual
merit increments. Excellent personnel policies. Generous vacation allow-
ance and sick bene its.
CONTACT:
Director of Nursing Service
BELLEVILLE CENERAL HOSPITAL
Belleville, Ontario
THE CANADIAN NURSE 71
OPERATING ROOM
SUPERVISOR
Postgraduate trained.
For 61-bed well-equipped
hospital.
Apply:
Administrator
WILLETT HOSPITAL
Paris, Ontario
CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR
FOR OPERATING
ROOM
required by
ROYAL COLUMBIAN
HOSPITAL
School of Nursing
New Westminster
British Columbia
For further information contact:
Director of Nursing
DIRECTOR
SCHOOL OF NURSING
Applkatipns are invifed for the above
position in an ultra-modern School of
Nursing locafed in South Western On-
tario.
Annual enrollment of 50 sfudenfs.
Tw
Plus-One progrom commencing Sep-
tember, 1968.
Minimum requiremenf B.Sc.N wifh
several years experience.
Apply:
Chairman
Board of Nursing Education
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN
GENERAL HOSPITAL
St. Thomas, Ontario
72 THE CANADIAN NURSE
SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL
COOKSVlllE, ONTARIO
REGISTERED NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING
ASSIST ANTS
For all Departments ond a new Psych i-
otric wing.
Subsidized employee benefifs and good
personnel policies in effect.
Modern, furnished apartmenfs available.
For information and application,
please write to:
Director of Nursing
SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL
Cooksville, Ontario
REGISTERED NURSES
required
For modern lOOO-bed accredifed hospifal.
Excellent advancement opportunifies.
Wide range of services provided in
Surgery, Medicine, Emergency, Infensive
Care, Chronic, Maternity, Psychiafric, Or-
thopaedic, etc. Excellent wages and be-
nefits program including 10 sfatufory
holidays.
I I
Please apply to:
Personnel Department
HENDERSON GENERAL
HOSPIT AL
Hamilton, Ontario
RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL
OF OTTAWA
A new, air-conditioned 340-bed hospifal.
Applications are called for Nurses for fhe
positions of:
ASSISTANT HEAD NURSES,
GENERAL STAFF NURSES
and
REGISTERED NURSING
ASSIST ANTS
Address all enquiries to'
Director of Nursing
RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL
OF OTTAWA
1967 Riverside Drive,
Ottawa, Ontario
WILSON MEMORIAL
GENERAL HOSPITAL
requires
REGISTERED NURSES FOR
GENERAL DUTY
REGISTERED NURSING
ASSISTANTS
20-bed hospital. Situated in a thriving
Northwestern Onfario communify.
Room and board provided.
For full particulars,
Write to:
Director of Nursing
Marathon, Ontario
I
COUNTY OF HALTON
Public Health Nurses
Required Immediately
Salary Range $5,350 - $6,550.
Increasing 5% Jçm. 1, 1968.
(Allowance made for Experience)
Hospital-Medical and Pension
Plans available.
Apply:
Personnel Officer
COUNTY OF HALTON
BASE LINE
Milton, Ontario
INSTRUCTOR
.
JEFFERY HALE'S HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
1250 ST-FOY ROAD
QUEBEC 6, P.Q.
DECEMBER 1967
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CANADA
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A 1,200 bed teaching hospital, with a School of Nursing of 450 students A rapidly expanding Medical
Center, situated on a growing University Campus.
NURSING OFFERS
For more information write to:
Director of Nursing
* Excellenf Pofient Care Facilities
* Planned Orienfation Progromme
* In Service Education Programme
* Organized programme to provide op'
portunifies for Team leaders, leader.
ship Responsibility
* Opportunifies for Professional develop-
ment in O.R., Coronary Core, Cardiac
Surgery, Renal Dialysis, Neurosurgery,
ond Rehabilitation
BENEFITS
UNIVERSITY
OF ALBERTA
HOSPITAL
* Salary scaled to qualification and ex.
perience
Edmonton, Alberta
Canada
* Liberal personnel policies
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ROYAL ALEXANDRA HOSPITAL
Edmonton, Alberta.
Acfive treatmenf hospital complex of 1,013 beds, includes: Active
Treatment Povilion of Medico I, Surgical, Infensive Care Units -
(29 beds), Central Service, Operafing Rooms, Post-Operative Reco-
very Room, Ouf-Pafient Deportmenfs, Women's Povilion ond Child-
ren's Pavilion.
Orientation and inservice program for 011 sfaff. Experience
and post-groduate preparation recognized in accordance with
negotiated salary ogreemenlS.
Interested in applicafions for all services:
Supervisors, Head Nurses, General Staff Nurses, Clinical In-
structors for School of Nursing, Cerfified Nursing Aides.
Please submit your complete resum
to:
Personnel Department,
ROYAL ALEXANDRA HOSPITAL,
EDMONTON, ALBERTA.
DECEMBER 1967
VERMONT
BECKONS
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Newly merged
Medical Center Hospital of Vermont
offers career growth, time for fun.
M.uy Fletcher and DeGoesbriand Memorioll Hospitals olre now
merged into.. 750-bed teaching hospital adjacent to the University of
Vermont with teaching programs in Nursing, Medicine and Allied
Health Sciences. Continuous In-Service pro!(rams with planned
orientation. Six major ski areas within 50 miles. Be!(innin!( stolff
nurses earn $6000 to $7280.
I------------------------
I Personnel Office, Dept. 412 I
: Medical Center Hospital of Vermont I
I Burlington, Vermont 05401 I
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 73
What does
Methodist Hospital
have to offer me?
At the Methodist Hospital, where research is a part
of progress, a nursing career takes on new horizons -
rich in meaning and professional satisfaction.
If you're looking for the chance to be the nurse
you've always dreamed of - coming to the world
famous Methodist Hospital can be an adventure -
almost like stepping into the future - splendid
facilities, 50 much advance equipment and
everywhere the newest medical and patient care
techniques are in use.
Some of the best aspects of nursing at METHODIST
are as Old as medicine itself - there is a spirit of
kindness and consideration, and emphasis on patient
care, that make this a hospital where nursing is
satisfying and rewarding, day by day.
Methodist Hospital is right in the center of the world's
great Medical, Research and Educational complexes.
HOUSTON is an exciting city - rodeo and opera,
pro-football and the famous Alley Theatre, water SPOTtS
and beaches an hour or less away, the Houston
Symphony and the Astrodome!
A Few Quick Facts: We're affiliated with Baylor
University College of Medicine and associated with
Texas Woman's University College of Nursing.
New $9Y2 million Cardiovascular and Orthopedic
Research Center will open soon. Our Inservice
Education Department gives you thorough
orientation, and continued instruction in new
concepts and techniques. You'll find every
encouragement to broaden your skills,
including tuition assistance in obtaining
further education in nursing.
.
Send for Your Colorful Informative Illustrated
Brochure. . . to learn about Methodist HosPital,
Houston, positions available, salary and employment
benefits, tuition allowance, complimentary room
accommodation and our Nurse Specialist Programs
Write. call or send coupon, Director of Personnel,
The Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center,
Houston, Texas 77025
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I Director of Personnel, THE METHODIST HOSPITAL, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77025 I
I Please send me your brochure about nursing opportunities at THE METHODIST HOSPITAL-Texas Medical Center I
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I Address I
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I City State Zip Code I
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HOSPITAL:
A newly expanded 257 bed
care concepts as a 12-bed
24-bed self care unif.
.L
MAIMONIDES HOSPITAL
AND HOME FOR THE AGED
AN OPPORTUNITy....
A CHALLENGE....
A NEW EXPERIENCE....
hospita I with such progressive
LC.U., 22-bed psychiafric and
IDEAL LOCATION:
45 minufes from downfown Toronfo, 15-30 minutes from ex-
cellent summer and winter resort areas.
SALARIES:
Regisfered Nurses: $400.00 - $480.00 per monfh.
Regisfered Nursing Assisfanfs: $295.00 - $331.00 per month.
FURNISHED APARTMENTS:
Swimming pool, tennis courts, etc. (see above)
OTHER BENEFITS:
Medical and hospital insurance, gro'Jp life insurance, pension
pion, 40 hour week.
Please address all enquiries to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL
596 Davis Drive
Newmarket, Ontario
SUPERVISORS, STAFF NURSES, NURSING
ASSISTANTS, INSTRUCTORS, PSYCHIATRIC
NURSE:
We invite you to join the nursing staff of New Mai-
monides.
LIBERAL VACATION
PENSION PLANS .
MENSURATE WITH
. . HEALTH AND
. SALARIES COM-
RECOGNIZED SCALES
Apply to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
5795 Caldwell Avenue
Montreal 29, Quebec
DECEMBER 1967
74 THE CANADIAN NURSE
there
200,000
are
over
m 0 r e
who need your help!
.
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REGISTERED NURSES e PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES
CERTIFIED NURSING ASSISTANTS
Have you considered a Career with the...
Indian Health Services of MEDICAL SERVICES
DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE
for further information write to: MEDICAL SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE, OTTAWA, CANADA
SCHOOL OF NURSING
WOODSTOCK
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Woodstock, Ontario
will require
TEACHERS - JULY I 1968
For the approved two year curri-
culum with a third year of expe-
rience in nursing service (50 stu-
dents enrolled annually).
QUALIFICATIONS: University pre-
paration in Nursing Education.
SALARY: Commensurate with ex-
perience and education.
Apply to:
Director
School of Nursing
WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL
Woodstock, Ontario
DECEMBER 1967
THE LORRAIN
SCHOOL of NURSING
PEMBROKE, ONTARIO
requires
TEACHERS
for a Two plus One Programme
which commenced in September,
1967.
Well-equipped, modern School of
Nursing opened in 1961.
Qualifications: University prepa-
ration required.
Salary commensurate with pre-
paration and experience.
Apply to:
The Director
LORRAIN SCHOOL OF NURSING
201 Deacon St.
Pembroke, Ontario
AJAX AND
PICKERING
GENERAL HOSPITAL
AJAX, ONTARIO
127 Beds
Nursing the patient as an indi-
vidual. Vacancies, General Duty
R.N.'s and Registered Nursing
Assistants for all areas, Full time
and part time. Salaries as in Me-
tro Toronto. Consideration for ex-
perience and education. Excellent
fringe benefits. Residence accom-
modation, single rooms, House-
keeping privileges.
Apply to:
NURSING OFFICE PERSONNEL
THE CANADIAN NURSE 75
WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL
Requires
GENERAL STAFF NURSES
All Departments
Apply:
Director of Nursing
WOODSTOCK GENERAL
HOSPITAL
Woodstock, Ontario
McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL
requires
Regisfered Nurses for General Staff. The
hospifal is friendly and progressive.
It is now in the beginning stages of a
$3,500,000 program of expansion and
renovation.
- Openings in all services.
- Proximify to lokehead
enSUres apporfunity for
education.
University
furfhering
For full particulars write to:
Director
of Nursing Service
McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL,
Fort William, Ontario.
REGISTERED NURSES
For new 100-bed General Hospital in the
beginning stages of an expansion pro-
gram, located on 1he beautiful lake of the
Woods. Three hours' travel time from
Winnipeg wifh good fransportation avail-
able. Wide variety of summer and win-
ter sporfs - swimming, boafing, fishing,
golfing, skoting, curling, tobogganing,
skiing.
Salary: $415 with allowance for experi-
ence. Residence available. Good per-
sonnel policies.
Apply to:
Director of Nursing
KENORA GENERAL HOSPITAL
Kenora, Ontario
76 THE CANADIAN NURSE
PORT COLBORNE
GENERAL HOSPITAL
PORT COlBORNE, ONTARIO
STAFF NURSES
required
For 166-bed hospital within easy driving
distance of American and Canadian me.
tropoliton centres. Consideration given for
previous experience obtained in Canada.
Completely furnished oparfment-style resi-
dence, including balcony and swimming
pool facing lake, adjacent to hospital.
Apply:
Director of Nursing
GENERAL HOSPITAL
Port Colborne,Ontario
REGISTERED NURSES
Qualified or Interested in Qualifying for
Employment in Intensive Cardiac Care Unit
GENERAL STAFF NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING
ASSIST ANTS
Modern 395-bed, fully accredited General
Hospital with School of Nursing.
Excellent personnel policies, O.H.A. pen-
sion plan.
Pleasant, progressive, industrial cify of
23,000.
Apply:
Personnel Officer
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN
GENERAL HOSPITAL
St. Thomas, Ontario
ST. JOSEPHrS HOSPITAL
lONDON, ONTARIO
Teaching Hospital, 600 beds, new facilities
requires:
REGISTERED NURSES
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS
For further information apply:
The Director of Nursing
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
London, Ontario
THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL
QUEEN SQUARE, W.C.1, and
MAIDA VALE HOSPITAL,
W.9.
lONDON
(POST-GRADUATE TEACH I NG
HOSPITALS)
NEUROLOGY AND
NEUROSURGERY
These unique hospifals of infernafional
repufe offer fo Regisfered Nurses:-
I} One year course - badge and cerfi-
ficate aworded.
2) Operating Theatre experience. Mini-
mum period of oppointmenf, four
monfhs.
3} General duties on medical and sur-
gical wards, occasional vacancy at
Convalescent Hospifal (near Hamp-
sfead Heath), minimum periods of ap-
poinfmenf two monfhs.
Considerafion given fo Nurses wishing to
fake exfended holidays.
This branch of nursing has a special ap-
peal to fhose inferested in reseorch and
the humanifarian aspecf of nursing.
Further particulars may be
obtained from:
Matron
THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL
Queen Square, London, W.C.1
England
DIRECTOR OF
NURSING
For 65-bed general hospital in
southern New Brunswick town
within 1 hour drive from Saint
John, Moncton, Fredericton, Fun-
dy Park, Poley Mountain ski
area.
Salary for R.N. with Bacc. de-
gree is: $5.736 to $6,972 per
annum, in accordance with
amount of experience. 5% anni-
versary increases.
Employment to commence Jan-
uary 1, 1968.
For complete particulars apply to:
Administrator
KINGS COUNTY MEMORIAL
HOSPITAL
Sussex, N.B.
DECEMBER 1961
PALO ALTO-STANFORD
HOSPITAL CENTER
Located on the beautiful campus of Sta nford University in Palo Alto, California.
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One of the nation's formost teaching hospitals invites you to work and learn on the San
Franscisco Peninsula. Enjoy California weather in one of the most stimulating cultural and
recreational environments in the U.S.A.
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For additional in/ormation-
NAME: ..
ADDRESS:
CiTy:....
SERVICE DESIRED:
Return to: PALO ALTO-STANFORD HOSPITAL CENTER
Personnel Department 300 Pasteur Drive
Palo Alto, California
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STATE:
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
TORONTO, ONTARIO
REGISTERED NURSES
and
REGISTERED
NURSING ASSISTANTS
700-bed fully accredited hospital provides
experience in Operafing Room, Recovery
Room, Intensive Care Unif, Pediafrics
Orfhopedics, Psychiafry, General Surgery
and Medicine.
Orienfafian and Acfive Inservice program
for all staff.
Salary is commensurafe wifh preparafion
and experience.
Benefifs include Canada Pension Plan,
Hospifal Pension Plan, Group Life Insu-
rance. After 3 months, cumulafive sick
leave - Ontario Hospifal Insurance _
50% payment by hospifal.
Rotating Periods of dufy - 40 hour week,
8 statutory holidays - annual vacafion
3 weeks offer one year.
Apply:
Assistant Director of
Nursing Service
ST. JOSEPHrS HOSPITAL
30 The Oueensway
Toronto 3, Ontario
DECEMBER 1967
ONTARIO SOCIETY
FOR
CRIPPLED CHILDREN
requITes
. Camp Directors
. General Staff Nurses
. Registered Nursing Assistants
for
FIVE SUMMER CAMPS
located near
OTTAWA COLLINGWOOD
LONDON - PORT COLBORNE
KIRKLAND LAKE
Applicofions are invifed from nurses in-
terested in the rehabilifation of physically
handicapped children. Preference given fo
CAMP DIRECTOR applicants hoving super-
visory experience and to NURSING ap-
plicanfs wifh paediafric experience.
Apply in writing to:
Miss HELEN WALLACE, Reg. N. r
Supervisor of Camps,
350 Rumsey Road,
Toronto 17, Ontario
NURSING
SUPERINTENDENT
SALARY TO $8,220
Required for a 295-bed T.B. insfitution in
the City of Edmonton. This individual will
be directly responsible fo fhe Medical Su-
perinfendent for the overall administration
of the hospifal's nursing program. Appli.
cants must have a B.Sc. in Nursing and
be eligible for regisfrafion in the A.A.R.N.
Several years experience are required,
SOme of which must be in a responsible
adminisfrative capacity. Applicants should
apply 10: the Medicol Superinfendent,
Aberhart Memoriol Sanaforium, Edmon-
ton, Alberfa, quofing Compefition No.
DPH 7/67. Compefition Closes December
20, 1967.
THE CANADIAN NURSE 77
I I
UNITED STATES
UNITED STATES
TEAM LEADER opportunities in North Miami. The
newly expanded 372-bed North Miami General
Hospital needs evening and night Registered Nurse
team leaders for its Medical-Surgical Units. Salaries
are $652-$678 per month depending upon experience.
North Miami General is a fully accredited five
year old hospital with I iberal fringe benefits and
a continuing education program for Registered Nurses.
For a descriptive brochure and hospital policies
write: North Miami General Hospital, North Miami,
Florida. J. Larry Sims, Administrative Assistant. An
equal apportunity employer. 15- lO-2A
STAFF NURSES: Ta wark in Extended Care or Tuber-
culosis Unit. Live in lovely suburban Cleveland in
2.bedroom house for $55 a month including all
utilities. Modern salary and excellent fringe benefits.
Write Director of Nursing Service, 4310 Richmond
Rood, Cleveland, Ohio. 15-36 1 F
STAFF NURSES - Here is the opportunity to further
develop your professional skills and knawledge in our
I,COO-bed medical center. We have liberal personnel
policies with premiums for evening and nigh. tours.
Our nurses' residence, located in the midst of 33
cultural and educational institutions, offers low-cost
housing odiacent to the Hospitals. Write for our booklet
on nursing opportunities. Feel free to tell us what type
position you are seeking. Write: Director of Nursing.
Room 600, University Hospitals of Cleveland, University
Circle, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 15-36-IG
Registered Nun. (Scenic Oregon vacation play-
ground, skiing, swimming, boating & cultural
events) for 295-bed teaching unit on campus of
University of Oregon medical schaal. Salary storts
at $575. Pay differential for nights and evenings.
liberal policy for advancement, vacations, sick
leave, holidays. Apply: Multnomah Hospital, Port.
land. Oregon. 97201. 15-38- I
ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
MONTREAL, QUEBEC
POSTGRADUATE COURSES
1.
(a) Six month clinical course in Obstetrical Nursing.
Classes - September and March.
(b) Two month clinical course in Gynecological Nursing.
Classes following the six month course in Obstetrical
Nursing.
(c) Twelve week course in Care of the Premature infant.
2.
Six month course in Operating Room Technique.
Classes - September and March.
3.
Six month course in Theory and Practice in Psychiatric
Nursing.
Classes - September and March.
For information and details of the courses, apply to:
DIRECTOR OF NURSING
ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL
Montreal, P.Q.
78 THE CANADIAN NURSE
UNIVERSITY OF
BRITISH COLUMBIA
School of Nursing
DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC
NURSING
DEGREE COURSE FOR
GRADUATE NURSES
Both of these courses lead to the
B.S.N. degree. Graduates are pre-
pared for public health as well as
hO'spital nursing positions.
DIPLOMA COURSES FOR
GRADUATE NURSES
I. Public Health Nursing.
2. Administration of Hospital
Nursing Units.
3. Psychiatric Nursing.
For information write to:
The Director
SCHOOL OF NURSING
UNIVERSITY OF H.C.
Vancouver 8, B.C.
THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL
QUEEN SQUAREr LONDON
W.C.I., ENGLAND
(NEUROLOGY and
NEU ROSU RGERY)
POST-GRADUATE
NURSING EDUCATION
One year courses are open to
graduates of accredited Schools
of Nursing with good education-
al background.
Three months academic teaching
in the School of Nursing under
guidance of Sister Tutor assisted
by teaching Staff of Senior Neu-
rologists and Neurosurgeons.
Eight months Clinical experience.
Five weeks vacation.
Certificate and badge of the Hos-
pital awarded to successful Stu-
dents.
Full graduate salary paid
throughout the year.
This work has a special appeal
to nurses interested in research
and the humanitarian aspect of
Nursing.
FOR PROSPECTUS APPLY TO THE
MATRON
DECEMBER 1967
THE ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
ANNOUNCES A VACANCY A T THE
ONTARIO HOSPIT ALr SOUTH PORCUPINE
FOR A
NURSINC INSTRUCTOR
SALARY $6,300 $7,200
$6,700 $7,600
EFFECTIVE January 1, 1968
$6,600 - $7,500
$7,000 - $7,900
(without B. Sc. N. degree)
(with B. Sc. N. degree)
(without B. Sc. N. degree)
(with B. Sc. N. degree)
DUTIES:
To give instruction in psychiatric nursing to Hospital Aids and Attendants in the Departmental Training Course.
To participate in the planning of the instruction programme, determine instruction methods, present lectures,
observe and counsel students.
QUALIFICATIONS:
Registration as a Nurse in Ontario and a post-graduate certificate in nursing education from a university of
recognized standing or completion of at least a 1 year course at university level which includes the principles
for teaching or the B. Sc. N. degree. Preferably at least 1 year's experience as a graduate nurse.
Qualified personnel of the Department of Health are invited to apply for this position by submitting their
applications (Form CS.1) through their Personnel Officer, or Business Administrator to:
@
ONTARIO
PROVINCE OF OPPORTUNITY
DIRECTOR OF PERSONNEL AND ORGANIZATION
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
PARLIAMENT BUILDINGS, TORONTO 5, ONTARIO
DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY
DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC NURSING - (B.N.)
An integrated program extending over four calendar years is of.
fered to condidotes with Senior Matriculation and prepores fhe stu-
dent for nursing practices in the community and hospitals_
DEGREE COURSE FOR REGISTERED NURSES - (B.N.)
A program extending over three academic years is offered to Re-
gistered Nurses who wish fo obtain 0 Bachelor of Nursing degree.
The course includes studies in the humanities, sciences, ond a
nursing specialty.
DIPLOMA COURSES FOR REGISTERED NURSES -
1 YEAR
(1) Nursing Service Adminisfration
(2) Public Health Nursing
(3) Teaching in Schools of Nursing
DIPLOMA COURSE FOR REGISTERED NURSES -
2 YEARS
Outpost Nursing Course extending over fwo calendar years and
leoding to a Diploma in Public Health Nursing and a Diploma in
Outpost Nursing.
For further information apply to:
Director, School of Nursing
DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY
Halifax, N.S.
DECEMBER 1967
UNIVERSITY OF WINDSOR
SCHOOL OF NURSING
FACULTY APPOINTMENTS
Due to changes in the program offerings in this
School, new faculty positions are being created. A
planned reorganization of all curricula will be imple-
mented, and applications are invited from qualified
faculty who are interested in assisting in the reor-
ganization of the program.
Applicants should have a Master's degree and be
prepared to teach nursing at the university level. A
doctorate is preferred.
Academic rank will be in accordance with academic
qualifications and professional experience.
Salaries in this School of Nursing are in accordance
with the university scale. Date of appointment will
be during the summer 1967.
Please write to:
Miss F. M. Roach, Director,
SCHOOL OF NURSING
University of Windsor,
Ontario
THE CANADIAN NURSE 79
NURSES
Get Up and GI) to
COOK COUNTY HOSPITAL
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.
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where you can earn from
$570 00 TO $845 00 A MONTH
If you are a Registered Nurse, you can earn
from $570.00 to $845.00 per month at one
of the finest medical centers in the world, lo-
cated in the heart of Chicago - the nation's
transportation hub. You will: work with a pro-
gressive staff, using the most modern equip-
ment and employing the very latest techniques
· enjoy modern living quarters at moderate
rates . have paid vacations, holidays and sick
leave. Travel relocation loans are available
(interest free).
For more information about us why not mail
the attached coupon today.
Personnel Manager
Cook County School of Nursing
1900 West Polk Street
Chicago, Illinois 60612 U.S.A.
Yes, I am Interested in hearing more about employment at
Cook County Hospital. Please send me the following:
o Specially equipped Burn Unit
o Newly established Trauma Unit
o Adults and Children's Cardiology
o Medical Surgical Specialties
o Neuro.surgery
o Medical Research
o Pediatrics
o Obstetrics
o Other Interests
CNJI
NAM F
Address
City
Country
DECEMBER 1967
80 THE CANADIAN NURSE
Index
to
advertisers
December 1967
Abbott Laboratories Limited
Ames Company of Canada Limited
Boehringer Ingelheim Products
Canadian Sugar Institute
Clinic Shoemakers
Facelle Company Limited
Foster Parents' Plan
Lakeside Laboratories (Canada) Ltd.
Lewis-Howe Company (Turns)
C.V. Mosby Company, Ltd.
Parke, Davis & Co. Limited
J.T. Posey Co.
Reeves Company
W.B. Saunders Company
Sterilon of Canada Limited ...
United Surgical Corporation
White Sister Uniform Inc.
Winley-Morris Company, Ltd.
Winthrop Laboratories
Advertising
Manager
Ruth H. Baumel,
The Canadian Nurse
50 The Driveway,
Ottawa 4, Ontario
Advertising Representatives
Richard P. Wilson,
219 East Lancaster Avenue,
Ardmore, Penna. 19003
Vanco Publications,
170 The Dooway West,
Suite 408, Don Mills, Ont.
Member of Canadian
Circulation Audit Board Inc
Cover III
13, 26
23
15
1
21
5
11
54
2
17
52
20
8
25
53
.. Cover II
7, 54
Cover IV
GÐ:J
'0
INDEX TO VOLUME SIXTY-THREE
JANUARY-DECEMBER 1967
The
Canadian
Nurse
Official Journal of the Canadian Nurses' Association
A
ABorD, Viola 1\1.
Biog., (port), 22 (Apr)
ABOU-YOUSSEF, Enaam
Biog., (port), 19 (Mar)
ABT, Mary
Bk. rev., 51 (lul)
ACCESSION LIST
see Canadian Nurses' Association
Library. Accession list.
ACCIDENT PREVENTION
Hazardous fashion, 23 (Jun)
ACKMAN, Douglas
Anomalies and infection of genitourinary
tract, 44 (Oct)
ADA:\I, Evelyn
Bk. rev, 51 (Jul)
ADDICTIONS
Care of patients addicted to non-narcotic
drugs, (Epp), 42 (Mar)
Drug dependency research expensive luxury
or necessary commodity? (Paulus), 36
(Mar)
New hospital to treat addictions, 15 (May)
Use of narcotics in addict therapy. (Halli-
day), 39 (Mar)
ADOLESCENTS
Adolescents in hospital, (Lussier-Gauthier),
43 (Aug)
AISH, Arlene
Biog., 18 (Ian)
Bk. rev., 50 (Oct)
ALBERTA ASSOCIATION OF
REGISTERED NURSES
"Largest ever" convention for Alberta
nurses, 12 (Jul)
Lethbridge sister to lead Alberta nurses,
17 (JuJ)
ALCOHOLISM
Alcoholism problems probed by nurses, 15
(Apr)
ALLAN, Pamela
Bk. rev., 53 (Aug)
Bk. rev., 51 (Sep)
ALLEN, Moyra
Bk. rev., 53 (Oct)
ALLERGIES
Environmental medicine: new field, 12
(JuJ)
AMERICAN COLLEGE OF
HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATORS
Nurses speak at hospital administrators'
meeting, 7 (Mar)
AMERICAN DIETETICS
ASSOCIATION
Holds fiftieth anniversary meeting in Chi-
cago, 12 (Oct)
AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
Supports nursing salary raise, 16 (Mar)
II
ANESTHESIA
Children and anesthesia. (Kingsley), 26
(Oct)
ANN MARIE, Sister
Lethbridge sister to lead Alberta nurses, 17
(Jul)
ARCHIVES
Additions to CNA Archives, 7 (Oct)
Gifts to archives, 10 (Mar)
Psychiatric museum opens at St. Michael-
Archange Hospital, 17 (Aug)
\RNSTEIN, :\largaret G.
Biog., 17 (Jan)
\RPIN, Kathleen
A study to identify differences, on selected
factors. (abs!), 51 (Mar)
ARSENE, Mildred Joan
Award, 22 (Apr)
ASHWORTH, Irene
Biog.. (port), 18 (Mar)
ASSOCIATION OF CANADIAN
MEDICAL COLLEGES
Nurses represented at meeting, 15 (Nov)
ASSOCIATION OF CATHOLIC
NURSES OF CANADA
Catholic nurses meet, 12 (peb)
ASSOCIATION OF NURSES OF
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND
Holds 46th annual meeting. 10 (Dec)
PEl nur
es raises association fees, J 2 (Dec)
ASSOCIATION OF NURSES OF
THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC
Controversy among Montreal's english-
speaking nurses, 10 (Jan)
New formula for CNA fees submitted by
ANPQ, 7 (Nov)
Refresher courses in Quebec, 12 (Jun)
Staff nurses discuss work setting, 19 (Jul)
ASSOCIATION OF REGISTERED
NURSES OF NEWFOUNDLAND
Bursaries, 19 (J an)
Newfoundland seminar, 8 (Jan)
"Nursing today" Theme of ARNN annual
meeting, 12 (Jul)
ATKINSON, C. Albert
Community psychiatric nursing (VanKam-
pen), 3 I (J un)
ATTITUDES
Attitudes of nurses to nursing (Costello).
42 (Jun)
AUTOMATION
Automation will be "A fact of life," 14
(Jun)
Computerized patient, 27 (Sep)
New electronic system aims to decrease
hospital costs, 18 (Nov)
AUXILIARY WORKERS
The child care worker in psychiatry, (Lin-
dabury), 42 (May)
School for orderlies opens in Alberta, 8
(Sep)
AWARDS
Alberta nurse first recipient of K.E. Mac-
Laggan fellowship. 19 (Sep)
B.C. alters policy on National Health
Grants, 18 (Nov)
Baccalaureate awards in '68?, 12 Clan)
CNF has back to wall. 9 (Dec)
CNF Scholarships awarded, 7 (Aug)
CNF scholarship to commemorate Dr.
Katherine MacLaggan, 10 (Dec)
The Canadian Nurse award to be discon-
tinued, 10 (Nov)
Cogswell Memorial Scholarship, 22 (Apr)
Distinguished achievement in nursing edu-
cation, Katherine E. Mac'Laggan, 24
(Jul)
Dublin-born nurse to study in Canada. 7
(Jan)
Everett, Muriel E., 17 (Jan)
Facts about registered nurses in Canada -
financial assistance, 14 (May)
Florence Nightingale Medal, to Miss Alice
M. Girard, 25 (JuJ)
Gander Chapter of the ARNN, 19 (Jan)
Health and welfare publications received
PR awards, 22 (Jul)
Leclair. Victorine. 18 (Dec)
Macmillan Award winner for 1966. 8
(Apr)
Memorial scholarship for Katherine Mac-
Laggan, 16 (Aug)
Montreal Neurological Hospital announces
new scholarship, 10 (Oct)
Muriel Archibald Scholarship, 19 (Jan)
NBARN awards scholarships, 12 (Dec)
New Brunswick students award bursary,
14 (May)
Nova Scotia nursing students provide new
scholarship, 7 (Oct)
Nursing leader on committee to choose
outstanding Civil Servant for 1967, 10
(Oct)
Nursing scholarship to honor Dorothy
Percy, 14 (Jun)
Order of St. John, 8 (Jan)
Pitts. Edna, 19 (Jan)
RCAMC bursary announced, 17 (JuJ)
Red Cross Bursary for Ontario RN, 9
(Apr)
Saskatchewan Registered Nurses' Associa-
tion, 19 (J an)
Thorne, Anne D, NBARN bursary, 22
(Nov)
To Ontario students, Joanne Fyle, Sharon
Hanna, Elizabeth Latimer, Nancy Mc-
I1wraith, 18 (Mar)
University of Sherbrooke receives grant,
14 (May)
Winners fly to Easter Island, 16 (peb)
B
BAILEY, A. Joyce
Biog., (port), 16 (J an)
BAKER, Phy\1is H.
Biog., (port). 15 (Oct)
BANISTER, Philip
Biog., 19 (J an)
BANNATYNE, Judy
Biog., 18 (Jan)
ARIBEAU, Pierrette
A study of expressed attitudes of Lamaze
fathers toward labor and delivery expe-
rience, (abst), 52 (Mar)
ARTLETT, Glen W.
Biog., (port), 22 (Apr)
JAYCROFT, Joan
Bk. rev., 51 (Sep)
JEAl\IISH, Rahno M.
I Biog., (port), 22 (Nov)
JEAUDRY-JOH
SON, Nicole
Biog., (port), 15 (Oct)
JELL, Frances E.
A study of programs in selected schools of
nursing, (abst), 52 (Mar)
JELL, Irene 1\1.
Biog., 19 (Dec)
JELL, Whilhelmina
Bk. rev., 55 (Mar)
Biog., (port), 18 (Mar)
JERGl\IAN, Rebecca
From communication to coordination. 34
(Apr)
HRTH CONTROL
Conception control in family planning,
(Dawson), 37 (Dec)
Contraceptive practices past and present,
(Milton). 29 (Oct)
Is it worth it?, 23 (Aug)
India's project number one, (Marson), 45
(Nov)
Ortho sponsors symposium on sex educa-
tion, 15 (Sep)
LACK, D.
Project bed rest, (Dahl, Smith, Fowle,
Hutchison. Graham). 50 (Jan)
LACK, Isabel
Public health project in Ontario, 38 (Jun)
:LANCHET, Jean
Estrogen and the menopause, 38 (Feb)
;LEEDING
Epistaxis, 37 (Sep)
LOOD AND BLOOD DISEASES
Hemophilia (Petitclerc), 36 Oul)
The nurse and the hemophiliac patient,
(Drapeau), 38 (Jul)
JLI.:"E, Janette
Biog., (port), 20 (Sep)
JOISVERT, Cecile
Intensive care unit in cardiovascular sur-
gery, 36 (Jan)
;OOK REVIEWS
American Hospital Association, Rehabilita-
tion services in hospitals and related fa-
cilities, 45 (May)
American Nurses' Association, ANA cli-
nical sessions, 1966, 52 (Aug), 56 (Nov)
Anderson, Helen C., (Newton), Geriatric
nursing, 51 (Feb)
Anthony, Catherine Parker, Basic concepts
in anatomy and physiology, 53 (Jan)
Anthony. Catherine Parker, Textbook of
anatomy and physiology. 53 (Dec)
Babcock. Dorothy Ellen, Introduction to
growth, development and family life, 56
(Mar)
Bailey, W. Robert, (Scott), Diagnostic mi-
crobiology. 54 (Nov)
Binger, Carl, The two faces of medicine.
52 (Nov)
Boeker, Elizabeth H. (ed), (Donahue) The
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(Aug)
Bogert, L. Jean, (Briggs, Calloway) Nutri-
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Brewer, John I., (Molbo, Gerbie) Gyneco-
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Bridges, Daisy. History of the International
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Broadribb, Violet, Foundations of pedia-
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Brown Ann M., Practical nutrition for
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Bullough, Vern, (Bullough), Issues in nurs-
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Canada. Dept. of National Health & Wel-
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Canadian Nurses' Association CNA and
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Canadian Nurses' Association, Guidelines
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Canadian Nurses' Association, Guiding
principles for the development of pro-
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Cobb, M. Marguerite, (Leahy), Fundamen-
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dictation and transcription, 52 (Oct)
Davis, Phyllis E., (Smith), Medical termi-
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Dean, W.E., (Farrar, Zoldos) Basic con-
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Deck, Edith S.. (Folta) A sociologic frame-
work for patient care, 48 (Apr)
Dc Myer, Marian K., (Tilton) Annotated
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Dent. Dorothy M.. Self-help, Parkinson's
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DeYoung, Lillian, The foundations of
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Dickens, Margaret L., Fluid and electro-
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Dienhart. Charlotte M.. Basic human ana-
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Dubiny, Mary Jane, (Fitch), The Macmil-
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Eddy, Ann, (Hammar) Nursing care of the
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Edmunds, Vincent (Scorer) ed. Ethical re-
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Elinson. Jack (Padilla. Perkins), Public
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Fitch, Grace E., (Dubiny), The Macmillan
dictionary for practical and vocational
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Fivars, Grace, (Gosnell), Nursing evalua-
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Folta, Jeannette R., (Deck) A sociological
framework for patient care, 48 (Apr)
Fox, David J., Fundamentals of research
in nursing, 53 (Jan)
French, Ruth M., Nurses' guide to diagnos-
tic procedures, 51 (Jul)
Garb. Solomon, Laboratory tests in com-
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Gerbie, Albert 8.. (Brewer, Molbo) Gyne-
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Gibson, John, Psychiatry for nurses. 51
(Peb)
Gosnell, Doris, (Fivars), Nursing evalua-
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Gragg, Shirley Hawke, {McClain) Scientific
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Greenler Dison, Norma, An atlas of nurs-
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Griffith, John R., Taking the hospital to
the patient, home care for the small
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Hallas, Charles H., The care and training
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Hammar, S.L. (Eddy) Nursing care of the
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Heckel. Robert V., (Jordan), Psychology;
the nurse and the patient, 49 (Oct)
Hershelman, Nancy V., (Davis), Medical
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Hirshberg, AI, (Turpin), Vietnam doctor;
the story of Project Concern, 49 (Oct)
Holliday, Jane, Public health nursing for
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Hurst, Willis J., (Logue), The heart, arte-
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Jackson, Q.M., A handbook of pedriatrics
for nurses in general training, 55 (Nov)
Johnston, Dorothy F., History and trends
of practical nursing. 53 (Feb)
Jordan, Rose M., (Heckel), Psychology;
the nurse and the patient, 49 (Oct)
Kalafatich, Audrey J., Pediatric nursing,
53 (J an)
Kallins, Ethel L., Textbook of public
health nursing, 52 (Jul)
III
Karnosh, Louis J., (Mereness), Essentials
of psychiatric nursing, 7th ed., 51 (luJ)
Kasirer, Eve, (ed), What's what for child-
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Krenzel, Judith R. (Rohrer), Paraplegic
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52 (Nov)
Laycock, S.R., (Munro) Educational psy-
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Leahy. Kathleen M., (Cobb), Fundamen-
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Lerch, Constance, (Wagner), Workbook for
gynecologic nursing, 50 (Oct)
Logue, Bruce R.. (Hurst), The heart. arte-
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McClain, Esther M., Simplified arithmetic
for nurses, 5 I (Jul)
McClain, Esther M., (Gragg) Scientific
principles in nursing, 52 (Aug)
McGhie, Andrew, Psychology as applied
to nursing, 47 (May)
Maternity care in the world, International
survey of midwifery, practice and train-
ing, 54 (Mar)
Maxwell, Harold, Migraine, 55 (Mar)
Mereness, Dorothy, (Karnosh), Essentials
of psychiatric nursing, 7th ed., 51 (lul)
Metheny, Norma Milligan, (Snively),
Nurses' handbook of fluid balance, 51
(Sep)
Modell, Walter, Drugs in current use 1967,
50 (Apr)
Molbo, Doris M., (Brewer, Gerbie) Gyne-
cologic nursing, 53 (Mar)
Moss, Arthur B., (et aJ) Hospital policy
decisions: process and action, 47 (Jun)
Munro, B.C., (Laycock) Educational psy-
chology, 57 (Mar)
National Commission on Community
Health Services, Health is a community
affair, 53 (Aug)
National League for Nursing, Rehabilita-
tive aspects of nursing, a programmed
instruction series, 53 (Feb)
Newton, Kathleen, (Anderson), Geriatric
nursing, 51 (Feb)
Nordmark, Madelyn T., (Rohweder), Scien-
tific foundations of nursing, 49 (Oct)
Norris, Walter, (Campbell), A nurse's guide
to anaesthetics, resuscitation and inten-
sive care, 55 (Nov)
Ontario Hospital Association, Metric con-
version kit for hospitals, 14 (Nov)
Ontario Hospital Association, There is a
place for men in the nursing world, 18
(May)
Padilla, Elena (Elenson, Perkins), Public
image of mental health services, 50
(Dec)
Paetznick, Marguerite, A guide for staffing
a hospital nursing service, 53 (Aug), 5 I
(Sep)
Parker, Kitty S., (Straub) Continuity of
patient care: The role of nursing, 53
(Mar)
Perkins, Marvin. Public image of mental
health services. 50 (Dec)
Price, Alice L, A handbook and charting
manual for student nurses, 57 (Nov)
IV
Riddle, Janet T.E., Elementary textbook of
anatomy and physiology applied to nurs-
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Robinson, Marguerite E., The first fifty
years, 10 (JuJ), 52 (Nov)
Rohrer, Lois M., (Krenzel). Paraplegic
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Rohweder, Anne W., (Nordmark). Scienti-
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Rothberg, June S., (ed), The nursing clinics
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Saskatchewan Registered Nurses' Associa-
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Sataloff, Joseph, Hearing loss, 48 (Apr)
Saxton. Dolores F., (Walter) Programmed
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Scorer. Gordon (Edmunds) ed.. Ethical re-
sponsibility in medicine; a Christian ap-
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Scott, Elvyn G., (Bailey), Diagnostic mi-
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Scott, Richards W., (Volkart), Medical
care, readings in the sociology of med-
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Sears, W. Gordon. Medicine for nurses, 55
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Seedor, Marie M., Therapy with oxygen
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Shafer. Kathleen Newton et ai, Medical-
surgical nursing. 52 (Dec)
Smith, Genevieve Love. (D.wis), Medical
terminology, 55 (Nov)
Snively, William D., (Metheny), Nurses'
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Stevens, Marion Keith, Personal and vo-
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(Mar)
Tilton, James R., (DeMyer), Annotated
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Tunis, Barbara Logan, In caps and gowns,
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Turpin, James W., (Hirshberg), Vietnam
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van den Berg, J.H., The psychology of the
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WHO Expert Committee on Nursing, fifth
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Wagner, Joanne K., (Lerch), Workbook for
gynecologic nursing, 50 (Oct)
Walter, John F., (Saxton) Programmed
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cepts of anatomy and physiology, 45
(May)
BOOKS
53 (lan). 51 (Feb), 53 (Mar), 48 (Apr), 45
(May), 46 (Jun), 51 (Jul), 52 (Aug), 51
(Sep), 49 (Oct), 52 (Nov), 50 (Dec)
BRASIER, Stanley
Prostheses for cancer patients, (Godfrey).
41 (luJ)
BRITISH COLUMBIA. UNIVERSITY.
SCHOOL OF NURSING
Faculty appointments, 18 (lan)
To offer masters' program, 12 (lun)
BROUGH, Sylvia J.
Biog., (port), 15 (Oct)
BROWN, Louise S.
Bk. rev., 52 (Jul)
Effectiveness of nursing visits to primigra-
vida mothers, 45 (J an)
BUCHAN, Irene M.
A study of inactive nurses In Alberta,
Canada (abst). 51 (Mar)
BUIST, Marilyn
Bk. rev., 51 (Sep)
BURKE, Barbara
Bk. rev., 56 (Nov)
BURKINSHA W, S. M.
Bk. rev., 46 (lun)
BURROWS, J.
Bk. rev., 50 (Oct)
BY AM, Jean
Biog., (port), 15 (Oct)
BYCROFT, Barbara
Bk. rev., 49 (Apr)
c
CN A House see
Canadian Nurses Association
CAHN, C. H.
Biog., 16 (Oct)
CALDWELL, Marlene
Biog., (port), 21 (May)
CALLIN, Mona E.
Inservice education, 32 (Aug)
CAMPBELL, Elizabeth
Bk. rev., 45 (May)
CAMPBELL. Lois
Biog., (port), 20 (Apr)
CAMERON, Margaret Ellen
Biog., (port), 18 (Mar)
CANADA. DEPT. OF NATIONAL
HEALTH AND WELFARE
Director, Child and Maternal Health, Phi-
lip Banister, 19 (J an)
Director, Health Resources, W.S. Hacon,
19 (Feb)
Nursing adviser 10 the Deputy Minister,
Vema M. Huffman, 20 (Sep)
The year in review, 8 (Feb)
CANADIAN CONFERENCE OF
UNIVERSITY SCHOOLS OF NURSING
Evaluation forms need evaluation, educa-
tor points out. 15 (Jul)
Nurses represented at Association of Ca-
nadian Medical Colleges meeting, 15
(Nov)
CAN ADIAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION
CHA opposes change in nursing education,
8 (Au g)
CMA-CHA-CNA Conference, 7 (Peb), 7
(Jun), 9 (Jul), 7 Sep)
More cooperation, 7 (Feb)
CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
Breakthwugh: Nurse is guest speaker at
doctors' convention, 9 (Jul)
CMA-CHA-CNA Conference, 7 (Feb), 7
(Jun), 9 (Jul), 7 (Sep)
Editorial, 3 (Aug)
Manpower pwblems in nursing (Mussal-
lem), 25 (Aug)
More cooperation( 7 (Feb)
Moves to Ottawa, 12 (Aug)
Nurses invited as observers to CMA
"Parliament," 10 (Aug)
CANADIAN MENTAL HEALTH
ASSOCIATION
Award. 18 (Dec)
Man and his mind, theme of CMHA con-
gress, 13 (Sep)
CANADIAN NURSE
Award to be discontinued, 10 (Nov)
Editorial assistant, Carla Penn, 16 (Jan)
Editorial assistant, Loral A. Graham, 15
(Oct)
CANADIAN NURSES' ASSOCIATION
Ad Hoc Committee on Accreditation
meets, 8 (Apr)
Ad Hoc Committee on National Examina-
tions, 7 (Mar)
Archives, 10 (Mar), 7 (Oct)
Board of directors appwves building guide,
10 (Nov)
CMA-CHA-CNA Conference, 7 (peb), 7
(Jun), 9 (Jul), 7 (Sep)
CNA and you, 12 (May)
CNA auxiliary meet, 7 (Mar)
CNA Board appoints president, 7 (Apr)
CNA House, 7 (Mar), 7 (Apr), 7 (May)
CNA offers consultation services, 8 (May)
CNA's Repository collection of nursing
studies, 54 (Mar)
Canadian nurses at Expo 67, 12 (Jan)
Committee on Nursing Education, 7 (Mar),
7 (May)
Committee vacancies filled, 10 (May)
Consultation services revised and ready, 7
(Sep)
A dream realized, (Pepper), 39 (Nov)
Facts about nursing in Canada, 17 (Sep),
50 (Oct), 50 (Nov), 48 (Dec)
Facts about registered nurses in Canada,
14 (Jan), 16 (Mar), 13 (Apr), 14 (May),
17 (Jun)
First nursing service workshop a success,
11 (Jun)
Fluoridation gets CNA approval, 12 (May)
Gap narwws between Canadian and Amer-
ican salary goals, 7 (May)
The house that dedication built (Van
Raalte), 44 (Nov)
An impressive ceremony, (Fergu
on), 42
(Nov)
Informal course for "Instant Librarian," 8
(Oct)
Interest sessions planned for CNA General
meeting, 8 (Nov)
Library. Accession list, 56 (Jan). 55 (Fe b).
58 (Mar), 50 (Apr), 50 (May), 49 (Jun),
53 (Jul). 55 (Aug), 53 (Sept 55 (Oct).
58 (Nov), 55 (Dec)
Lobbying, (edi!.). 3 (Aug)
More cooperation. 7 (Feb)
New formula for CNA fees submitted by
ANPQ, 7 (Nov)
Nurses represented at Association of Ca-
nadian Medical Colleges meeting, 15
(Nov)
Nursing consultant, higher education, Shir-
ley Ruth Good, 18 (Aug)
Nursing Service Committee, 7 (Aug)
Official directory, II (Jan). 88 (Mar), 80
(Sep)
Official opening CNA House (Supple-
ment), 37 (Nov)
Publishes guide for two-year diploma pw-
gram, 7 (Jan)
Royal Commission on Status of Women.
brief, 8 (May)
Social and Economic Welfare Committee
meeting, 9 (Apr)
Special meeting planned for provincial reg-
istrars, 8 (May)
To prepare brief on labor relations, 7
(Nov)
To undertake examination service, 7 (Nov)
Ups and downs of economic pwgrcss,
(Rowsell), 26 (Nov)
U.S. Library council invites CNA mem-
bership, 12 (May)
Workshops on Problem Solving, 56 (Jan),
7 (Apr), 7 (Oct)
CANADIAN NURSES' FOUNDATION
Baccalaureate awards in '687, 12 (Jan)
Editorial, (Lindabury), 3 (Oct)
Has back to wall, 9 (Dec)
Names officers, 10 (May)
Scholarships awarded, 7 (Aug)
Scholarship to commemorate Dr. Kathe-
rine MacLaggan, It (Dec)
SRNA gives $5,000., 17 (JuJ)
CANADIAN PARKINSON'S
DISEASE ASSOCIATION
Parkinson's disease association grows, 20
(Nov)
CANADIAN PUBLIC HEALTH
ASSOCIATION
"Community health in Canada" theme for
meeting, 8 (Jun)
Honorary life membership, 19 (Jan)
CANADIAN RED CROSS SOCIETY
Red Cross Bursary for Ontario RN, 9
(Apr)
CANADIA
U
IVERSITY SERVICE
OVERSEAS
Canadian nurses go to India, 19 (Dec)
India's project number one, (Marson), 45
(Nov)
Pharmaceutical manufacturer's donate me-
dical kits to CUSO, 15 (Dec)
CANADIAN WELFARE COUNCIL
Says action needed to increase health man-
power, 10 (Jan)
CANCER
Current status of cancer chemotherapy
(Henderson), 37 (Apr)
The fight against cancer, (Mair). 44 (Apr)
Gift helps cancer detection, 17 (Apr)
Leukemia and Mongolism investigated. 13
(J an)
New method for early cancer detection, 12
(Peb)
Prostheses for cancer patients, (Godfrey.
Brasier), 4) (Jul)
Radiation therapy for skin cancer. (Mar-
tyn), 48 (Feb)
Regional cancer chemotherapy (Edwards),
41 (Apr)
Smoking dogs get cancer, 29 (lul)
Tumors of the skin, (Fitzpatrick), 45
(Feb)
CARPENTER, Helen M.
Bk. rev., 53 (Aug)
CARR, Mary Watson
Public health nurses form first chapter
T-Groups, (Smith), 46 (Sep)
CASEY, Alberta
Bk. rev., 49 (Oct)
CA WSTON, H. Elizabeth
Bk. rev., 52 (Nov)
CEREBRAL PALSY
Impact of cerebral palsy on patient and
family, (Hawke), 29 (Ian)
CHAPMAN, Yvonne
Biog., (port), 15 (Oct)
CHATELAINE
(No Utopia for nurses). Mollie Gillen. Jan
1967, 21 (Mar)
CHA TIKAN AND, Duanpen
Biog., (port), 20 (Apr)
CHITTICK, Mavis K.
Biog., 19 (Dec)
CHONG, Ah Foo
Biog., 18 (Feb)
CHOQUETTE-BLAIS, Nieole
Biog., (port), 15 (Oct)
CHRISTIE, Kay
M. & V. for Christmas dinner, 28 (Dec)
CHRISTMAS
M. & V. for Christmas dinner. 28 (Dec)
That's what we want for Christmas, (edit),
27 (Dec)
V
CLARK, Norma
Biog., (port), 18 (Jun)
CLINICIANS
see Specialism
COLLECTIVE BARGAINING
BC psychiatric nurses dispute goes to fact
finding panel, 14 (Aug)
BC staff representatives discuss collective
bargaining, 15 (Jun)
Brockville nurses certified as bargaining
unit, 8 (Mar)
Certification list expands. 17 (Jun)
Chicoutimi nurses finally get contract, 16
(Apr)
Collective bargaining coast to coast, 9
(Apr)
Contract for Hamilton nurses provides
highest public health minimum salary in
Province, II (Sep)
Controversy among Montreal's English-
speaking nurses, 10 (lan)
Five Alberta hospitals reach salary agree-
ment, 13 (Jun)
Halton county off greylist, 10 (Nov)
Hamilton Civic Hospital nurses apply for
certification, 10 (Oct)
Keep bargaining units as large as possible,
U.S. nurse says, 12 (Jun)
Nurses await satisfactory negotiations with
employers. 8 (Feb)
P.E.I. Discusses collective bargaining, 10
(Mar)
Public health nurses sign contract, 10
(Apr)
Quebec nurses granted certification, I 1
(Mar)
RNAO greylist county hospital, 16 (Jul)
RNAO reports progress in collective bar-
gaining, 7 (Jun)
SPIC modernizes structure, 14 (Jun)
SRNA holds workshops on collective bar-
gaining, 7 (Oct)
Saskatchewan nurses attend collective bar-
gaining workshops, 12 (Dec)
Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry nurses
sign contract with health unit, 13 (Aug)
United Nurses of Montreal seek accredita-
tion, 8 (peb)
UNM begins work on contracts, 14 (Aug)
Ups and downs of economic progress
(Row'iel!), 26 (Nov)
COLLEGE OF NURSES OF ONTARIO
Director appointed, Joan C. MacDonald,
23 (Nov)
RPN's seek recognition in Ontario. 13
(May)
COI\IITE INTERNATIONALE
CATHOLIQUE DES INFIRI\IIERES ET
DES ASSIST ANTES MEDICO-SOCIA-
LES (CICIAMS)
Convention theme based on human suffer-
ing, II (Aug)
COMMUNICATIONS
The angry sex, 29 (Jul)
Public health nurses form first chapter T-
Groups, (Koch Smith, Watson Carr), 46
(Sep)
VI
COMMUNITY SERVICES
Community psychiatric nursing, (Atkinson,
VanKampen). 31 (Jun)
Nursing in the North, 32 (Mar)
CONFERENCES AND INSTITUTES
Alcoholism problems probed by nurses. 15
(Apr)
Apply now for UWO senior seminar, 10
(Apr)
Association of Catholic Nurses of Canada.
12 (Peb)
CMA-CHA-CNA Conference, 7 (Feb). 7
(Iun). 9 (Jul), 7 (Sep)
Conference examines education problems,
8 (Nov)
Conference for editors of Nursing Jour-
nals. 12 (Oct)
Coronary monitoring seminar at MGH. 16
(Dee)
First Canadian Conference on Maternal
and Child Health held in Ottawa, 8
(May)
First work conference scheduled for new
school at Memorial University, 18 (Jul)
Home care topic for institute, 8 (Jan)
ICN Council of International Representa-
tives, 16 (Feb)
Institutes on new educational program in
Saskatchewan, 8 (Mar)
International Conference discusses "New
Families," 12 (Oct)
Man and his Mind, theme of CMHA
Congress, 13 (Sep)
Newfoundland seminar, 8 (Jan)
Nurses represented at Association of Ca-
nadian Medical Colleges meeting, 15
(Nov)
Nurses speak at hospital administrators'
meeting, 7 (Mar)
Nursing Homes Institute, 8 (Apr)
Nursing Supervisors' Workshop (ANPQ).
15 (May)
One-day conference at Sarnia, 20 (Jul)
Pediatric nursing conference, ] 3 (Mar)
Regional Workshops, 56 (Jan), 7 (Apr), 7
(Oct)
Registered Nurses' Association at Nova
Scotia to sponsor librarians' workshop,
12 (Dec)
Saskatchewan nurses attend colloctive bar-
gaining workshops, 12 (Dec)
Second symposium on drug safety, 16
(Au g)
Two-day conference set on rural health,
15 (Jan)
UWO School of nursing sponsors fifth se-
minar, 7 (Jan)
Work conferences for teachers and direc-
tors of Diploma Nursing Programs, 14
(May)
Workshops for directors and assistant di-
rectors, 19 (J ul)
CONSULTANTS
CNA consultation services, 8 (May), 7
(Sep)
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES
Outbreaks of measles and scarlet fever in
Quebec, 13 (Mar)
CORNWALL REGIONAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
Director, Tatiana Labekovski, 18 (Feb
Ontario Regional School approved as pro
ject for Health Resources fund, 8 (Sep.
COSTELLO, C. G.
Attitudes of nurses to nursing, 42 (Jun)
COUILLARD, Marie-Veronique
WHO medical/surgical nurse educator a
Niamey, Niger, 19 (Aug)
CREDIT V ALLEY REGIONAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
Director, Oressa Hubbert, appointed direc-
tor, 20 (Apr)
CREELMAN, Lyle
Canadian nurses work with WHO, 8 (Nov;
CUMMINGS, Helen
Bk. rev., 56 (Nov)
CUNNINGHAM, Roberta J.
A proposed method for evaluation of
teaching effectiveness in schools of nurs-
ing, (abst), 48 (Oct)
CURRICULA
Bell, Frances E. A study of programs in
selected schools of nursing, (Abst), 52
(Mar)
CURRY, Barbara
Biog., (port), 20 (Apr)
D
DAHL, L.
Project bed rest, (Smith, Fowle, Hutchi-
son. Graham, Black), 50 (Jan)
DAISLEY, Alma M.
Bursary, SRNA, 19 (Jan)
DALE, Howard Walter
Biog., (port), 25 (Jul)
DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY
Dalhousie announces changes in nursing
program, 8 (Oct)
Outpost nursing (May), 34 (Mar)
DATES
23 (Jan), 21 (peb), 23 (Mar), 23 (Apr), 25
(May), 20 (Jun), 28 (Jul), 20 (Aug), 23
(Sep), 18 (Oct), 51 (Nov), 20 (Dec)
DAWSON, Elaine
Conception control in family planning,
37 (Dec)
DAYKIN, Irene
Residence living - no, 31 (Nov)
DEAFNESS
Parents enthusiastic about hearing-test
program, 14 (Jan)
DEATH
When patients die: some nursing problems,
(Quint), 33 (Dec)
DEJONG, Elizabeth
Seals for patients (Johnson, Foster), 50
(Aug)
n{':\I.\HSII, Kathleen
Biog.. (Port). 21 (May)
DE:\"T. Doroth). !\I.
Biog.. 21 (Scp)
DE:\"TlSTRY
Sa
1.atchew.m public health says: "Smile!
you're on the fluoride program." 14
(Nov)
Tooth transplantation possible. 16 (Mar)
DER:\IATOLOGY
U.S. Dermatologist speaks out, 15 (Mar)
Des'f.\RTE.\U, Doris
B1.. rev.. 51 (Feb)
DICKSO
, Edith MacPherson
Biog.. 19 (Feb)
DIER, Kathleen A.
Bk. rev., 53 (Ian)
DIO:\"NE, Aline 1\1.
Biog., (port), 25 (lul)
DIO
NE, Philippe
Varicose veins of the lower limbs, 39
(J an)
DOBBIE, Barbara J.
Biog.. 18 (lan), 19 (Dec)
DOLPHI:\!, I\laude Irene
Biog., 23 (May)
DOSSETOR, J. B.
Present status of renal transplantation, 32
(Oct)
DOLE, Mary Ellen
Residence living - yes, 30 (Nov)
DRAPEAU, Janine
The nurse and the hemophiliac patient. 38
(Jul)
DRUGS
Care of patients addicted to non-narcotic
drugs, (Epp), 42 (Mar)
Cobalt medications withdrawn from mar-
ket, 15 (Mar)
Drug dependency research expensive lu-
xury or necessary commodity? (Paulus),
36 (Mar)
Drug protection for Canadians, (Ordway),
38 (May)
Hospital pharmacy keeps drug informa-
tion up-to-date, 20 (JuJ)
Narcotic treatment center, II (Apr)
Nurse and the pharmacist-partners, (Sum-
mers), 40 (Feb)
Pharmaceutical firm expands, 16 (Feb)
PMAC Head urges stronger patent laws,
15 (Jan)
Second symposium on drug safety, 16
(Aug)
Use of narcotics in addict therapy, (Halli-
day), 39 (Mar)
DUGAS, Beverly Marie
Biog., 19 (Aug)
IHJPI.TIS, Louise
Bursary. NBARN, 19 (Jan)
NBARN protests minister's remarks, 10
(Aug)
NLN affirms stand on nursing educa-
tion, 14 (Jul)
New baccalaureate program in BC, 12
(Aug)
New Brunswick nurses take important
step in nursing education, 7 (Jan)
New CNA publication is guide for Uni-
versity nursing progams. 8 (Nov)
New pamphlet describes nurses' educa-
tion, functions, 16 (lul)
New school and residence facilities for
Brandon, 11 (Apr)
Nursing education committee recom-
mends strong controversial policies, 7
(May)
Nursing education in Malawi (Mona-
ghan), 35 (Jun)
Nursing unit administrative course re-
cords successful year, 10 (Dec)
One school of nursing, 11 (lun)
Ontario universities report on health
science programs, 15 (May)
Opinion, (Margesson), 3 I (luJ)
Outpost nursing (May), 34 (Mar)
Physical facilities readied for Saskatche-
wan regional school, 15 (May)
Plan for nursing education presented to
RNABC annual meeting, II (lul)
RNANS examines shortened programs,
11 (Jul)
Refresher courses in Quebec, 12 (lun)
Regional schools established in Ontario,
13 (Aug)
Ryerson's program studied, 12 (Aug)
SRNA responds to Ad Hoc Committee
report, 19 (May)
School of nursing at Laurentian Univer-
sity, Vivian Kirkpatrick, director, 19
(lun)
School of nursing entrance requirements
changed in Ontario, 12 (Dec)
School of nursing joins University of
Montreal, 15 (Sep)
Symposium on sex education for educ-
ators and counselors, 16 (Nov)
Three-day education workshop held for
PEl instructors, 18 (Jul)
Tomorrow's nursing education in Saskat-
chewan, (Long), 30 (Apr)
Twenty-six enrolled in RNAO's refresher
course for nurses, 15 (Dec)
UBC to offer master's program, 12 (Jun)
UWO Sets 1970 Deadline for nurses to
complete B.Sc.N., 10 (Sep)
Unique nursing program scheduled for
BCIT, 12 (May)
Unit-based inservice education. (Sheahan.
Gauthier, Sutherland), 39 (Aug)
Winnipeg Children's Hospital closes
schools for one year, II (Aug)
Work conferences for teachers and direc-
tors of Diploma Nursing Programs, 14
(May)
DYCHE. Elsie Ruth (Y\"ans)
A study to explore the effect of a plan-
ned pöeoperative nursing visit.... (abst),
49 (Dec)
E
ECCLESTONE, P.
Bk. rev., 53 (Feb)
ECONO:\IIC AND SOCIAL SECURITY
Facts about nursing in Canada. 50 (Nov)
Ups and downs of economic progress,
(Rowsell). 26 (Nov)
Wanted - a revised Income Tax Act
(edit). 25 (lan)
EDUCATION
AHA official applauds goals but disa-
grees with method, 14 (Dec)
After seven years, baccalaureate nurses
earn more than teachers, 8 (Oct)
Arpin. Kathleen, A study to identify dif-
ferences on selected factors, (abst), 51
(Mar)
Bilingual health education in New Bruns-
wick, 12 (Jun)
Bilingual regional school for Ottawa, 10
(Apr)
Board of Directors approves building
guide, 10 (Nov)
Building program at UNB, 18 (May)
CHA opposes change in nursing educa-
tion, 8 (Aug)
CNA publishes guide for two-year diplo-
ma programs, 7 (lan)
Can we afford small schools, 48 (Dec)
Committee on Nursing Education, 7
(Mar)
Conference examines educational prob-
lems, 8 (Nov)
Continuing education courses for BC
nurses, 14 (Aug)
Cornwall Regional School of Nursing. 18
(peb), 8 (Sep)
Dalhousie announces changes in nursing
program, 8 (Oct)
Facts about nursing in Canada, 17 (Sep),
50 (Oct), 50 (Nov), 48 (Dec)
Facts about registered nurses in Cana-
da, 14 (May), 17 (Sep)
Graduates from Baccalaureate programs
in nursing, 1963-66, 50 (Oct)
Heenan, Mary St. Roch, Sr, Proposed
method of evaluation of administrative
behavior in nursing education. (abst),
48 (Oct)
Institutes on new educational program in
Saskatchewan, 8 (Mar)
Laval opens school of nursing, 9 (Apr)
McKinnon, M. Barbara, Sister, Coordina-
tion within the educational program
(abst), 52 (Mar)
Medical education research unit estab-
lished, 8 (Jan)
More nursing schools in Britain to wel- ELLENI\IERS, Barbara
come male students, 15 (Nov) Biog., (port), 18 (Feb)
EDWARDS, Pamela
Regional cancer chemotherapy, 41 (Apr)
VII
rom \lW, Alice
I.
Florence Nightingale Medal. 25 (Jul)
Nursing Leader on committee to choose
outstanding Civil Servant for 1967, 10
(Oct)
GODARD, Jean R.
Bk. rev.. 52 (Aug). 56 (Nov)
GODFREY, C. 1\1.
Prostheses for cancer patients, (Rrasier),
41 (Iul)
GOOD, Shirley Ruth
Biog., (port). 18 (Aug)
Considerations for nurse recruitment,
31 (Dec)
GORDO
, Dianne J.
Bk. rev.. 52 (Oct)
GOZALLI, Joav
A need for approval. (Moogk), 34 (Sep)
GRAHAM, Loral A.
Biog., (port). 15 (Oct)
GRAHAM,R.
Project bed rest, (Dahl, Smith, Fowle,
Hutchison, Black), 50 (Jan)
GRAHAM-CUMMING, G.
Prenatal care and infant mortality among
Canadian Indians. 29 (Sep)
GRIFFIN, Amy Elizabeth
Biog., 15 (Oct)
The improvement of the educational pre-
paration of instructors in pre-service
programs in nursing in Ontario, (abst),
50 (Sep)
GRIFFITH, Vera E.
Biog., (port), 19 (J un)
GRONDIN, Pierre
Recent advances in heart surgery,
(Meere), 32 (Ian)
GRUNBERG, F.
From institute to community, 26 (Jun)
GUNN, Agnes
Biog., (port), 10 (Iul)
GYNECOLOGY
Estrogen and the menopause, (Blanchet),
38 (Feb)
Estrogen replacement therapy at meno-
pause, (McEwen), 34 (Feb)
Gynecologist's claim investigated, 14
(Feb)
The menopause is definitely obsolete
today, (edit), 3 (Feb)
No Gyn on Obs!, 14 (Feb)
H
HACON, W. S.
Biog., 19 (Feb)
HALLIDAY, Robert
Use of narcotics in addict therapy, 39
(Mar)
HANDIC APPED
The handicapped at Expo 67, 8 (May)
A n::ed for approval, (Gozali, Moogk),
34 (Sep)
HA
EL, Helen Jean
Biog., (port), 18 (Feb)
HANNA. Sharon
Award, 18 (Mar)
HARKER, Cassy
Biog., 25 (Jul)
HARRISON, MarKaret
Biog., 18 Clan)
HARTIG, Elisabeth E.
Biog., (port), 16 (Oct)
HARTY, Margaret Brown
Biog., 24 (Jul)
HA YES, Harriet
Bk. rev., 49 (Oct)
HA WKE, William A.
Impact of cerebral palsy on patient and
family, 29 (Jan)
HEALTH AND HEALTH EDUCATION
Two-day conference set on rural health,
15 (Ian)
World health problems, 18 (Jul)
HEALTH MANPOWER
Canadian Welfare Council says action
needed to increase health manpower,
10 (Jan)
Manpower problems in nursing, (Mus-
sallem), 25 (Aug)
Three western provinces to participate in
international health study, 16 (Dec)
U.S. study reveals shortage of hospital
personnel, 15 (Jan)
HEART AND HEART DISEASES
Coronary monitoring seminar at MGH,
16 (Dec)
Intensive care unit in cardiovascular
surgery, (Boisvert), 36 (Jan)
Kutschke, Myrtle A. The effect of the
divisional activity of paintingby-num-
ber on cardiac output, (abst), 49 (Dec)
Recent advances in heart surgery, (Gron-
din, Meere), 32 (Jan)
HEASMAN, Frederica
Bk. rev., 57 (Mar)
HEENAN, Mary St. Roch, Sister
Proposed method of evaluation of ad-
ministrative behavior in nursing educa-
tion, (abst), 48 (Oct)
HENDERSON, I. W. D.
Current status of cancer chemotherapy,
37 (Apr)
HENDERSON, Jane
A study of the relationship between a
nurses knowledge of biological prin
ciples and her performance of a spe-
cific technical procedure, (abst), 49
(Dec)
HEZEKIAH, J. H.
Bk. rev., 52 (Aug)
HIBBERT, Jessie
Biog., 18 (Jan)
HOFFINGER, Dianne J.
Bursrlry, SRNA, 19 (Jan)
HOLLAND, William A.
President, OHA, 19 (Mar)
HOME CARE
Topic for institute, 8 (Jan)
HORNSBY -ODOI, Miriam M.
Biog., 18 (Feb)
HOSPITALS
B.G.H. receives building grant, 13 (Feb)
Centennial homecoming program - Ot-
tawa Civic Hospital. 17 (Aug)
Cost of hospital services triples in past
8 years, 22 (Jul)
Design frees nurses to nurse, II (Apr)
Federal contribution allows for increase
in student enrollment, 10 (Sep)
Grant approved for Ontario Hospital, 13
(Mar)
Hospital and health care - what price?
(Maubach), 49 (Mar)
Montreal Chinese Hospital, 47 (Sep)
New Brunswick hospital receives grant,
14 (Sep)
New electronic system aims to decrease
hospital costs, 18 (Nov)
New salvation army hospital opens in
Winnipeg, 15 (J ul)
One school of nursing, II (Jun)
Ontario hospital receives grant, 13 (Jan)
Operation Hospital SuppHes, 16 (Feb)
Special children's unit successful; new
unit opens, 19 (Jul)
A very important place bed, 20 (Oct)
HOSPIT AL WORLD
New editor, Valerie O'Connor, 19 (peb)
HOWARD, Frances
Bk. rev., 54 (Mar), 53 (Nov)
Nursing service workshop held on west
coast, 18 (I ul)
HUBBERT, Mary Oressa
Biog., (port), 20 (Apr)
The contribution of nursing personnel in
an interdisciplinary approach to the
care of the aged in a particular institu-
tion, (abst), 50 (Sep)
HUFFMAN, Edythe
Biog., 18 (Jan)
HUFFMAN, Verna M.
Biog., (port), 20 (Sep)
HUHTANEN, Annikki
Biog., 17 (J an)
HUMAN RELATIONS
Manipulation in a nurse-patient relation-
ship (Okkenhaug), 46 (Aug)
When patients die: some nursing prob-
lems, (Quint), 33 (Dee)
IX
HU
TER, ;\Iargaret
SI. John Ambulance course requires
nurse volunteers, 12 (Nov)
HrTCHISOX J.
Project bed rest. (Dahl, Smith, Fowle.
Graham. Black), 50 (Jan)
HYKA WY, Elaine
A problem-solving approach. 35 (Aug)
I
IDEA EXCHANGE
41 (Jun), 33 (Sep). 47 (Oct)
Il\I !\I.\C l' LA T A, Sister
B\... rev.. 5 I (Dec)
HI ì\IUNIZATION
Campaign against measles, 9 (Apr)
The changing voice of protest, 48 (Aug)
Immunity declines, 47 (Apr)
Immunity test for German measles, 13
(J an)
Live Sabin polio vaccine replaces Salk
in B.c., 16 (Nov)
New vaccination regulations. 14 (Mar)
Vaccine race, 21 (Mar)
IN A CAPSULE
23 (Feb), 21 (Mar), 47 (Apr), 23 (Jun).
29 (JuJ), 23 (Aug), 27 (Sep), 20 (Oct),
24 (Dec)
INACTIVE NURSES
Buchan, Irene M., A study of inactive
nurses in Alberta. Canada. ... (ab
t). 51
(Mar)
INFANTS
Home care of Ravi - premature infant
(Pandya), 33 (Nov)
Parents enthusiastic about hearing-test
program, 14 (Jan)
Prenatal care and infant mortality among
Canadian Indians (Graham-Cumming),
29 (Sep)
INFECTION
Hospital infection kit part 2, now avail-
able, 14 (Mar)
L'INFIRMIERE CAN ADIENNE
Appointment of Ramona Paplauskas-
Ramunas, 18 (Feb)
Editorial staff, Mrs. Nicole Beaudry-
Johnson, 15 (Oct)
Editorial staff, Mrs. Nicole Choquette-
Blais, 15 (Oct)
INHALA TION THERAPY
A problem-solving approach (Hykawy),
35 (Aug)
INSERVICE EDUCATION
Inservice education (CalIin), 32 (Aug)
A problem-solving approach (Hykawy), 35
(Aug)
Guidelines for an inservice education
program (Tiffney), (abst), 45 (Jun)
Should be personalized, 14 (Dec
x
Unit-based inservice education (Gauthier.
Sheahan, Sutherland), 39 (Aug)
I
Sl'RANCE, HEALTH
New immigrants protected against hospital
bills. 13 (I an)
Quebec extends outpatient services, 14
(Aug)
INTENSIVE CARE
Editorial, 3 (May)
Institute on intensive care nursing, 19
(Sep)
Intensive care nursing course, 15 (May)
Intensive care unit in cardiovascular sur-
gery (Boisvert), 36 (J an)
Medical intensive care (Staples). 31 (May)
INTERAGENCY COUNCIL ON
LIBRARY TOOLS FOR NURSING
Invites CNA membership, 12 (May)
INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL
OF NURSES
Announces vacancies on Executive staff.
17 (Sep)
Committee of experts meets to discuss
ICN magazine, 9 (Jul)
Congress symbol, 7 (Aug)
Council of international representatives,
16 (pcb), 7 (Aug)
ICN leaders view Montreal Congress fa-
cilities, 9 (Dec)
ICN Magazine. New
letter get new for-
mats, 9 (Dec)
Quinn, Sheila, new executive director, 18
(Aug)
Resignation of executive director of ICN,
Helen Nussbaum. 18 (Aug)
Visit of Sheila Quinn to Canada, 18 (Dec)
INTERN.\TIONAL Nt:"RSING REVIEW
Acting editor. LeIla Raymond. 19 (Feb)
Committee of experts meets to discuss
ICN magazine. 9 (JuJ)
IRWIN, Ethel R.
Biog., 19 (J an)
J
JAENEN, Norma
Biog., 18 (Jan)
JARDINE, Verna
Bursary, NBARN, 19 (Jan)
JOHNSON, Elizabeth
Seals for patients (dejong, Foster), 50
(Aug)
JOHNSON, Sybil
Wadhams' outpost nursing station. 28
(May)
JOHNSTONE, Kathleen
Bk. rev., 48 (May)
JOINER, Nell
Bk. rev., 53 (Jan)
JONES, Phyllis E.
Editorial, 25 (Jun)
K
KELLOGG FOIJNDATIOl\"
Gives grant to WHO, 17 (Jun)
KERR, Margaret E.
Bk. rev.. 50 (Dec)
KING, Floris E.
Biog., (port), 18 (Jun)
KINGSLEY, NanC)'
Children and anesthesia, 26 (Oct)
KIRKPATRICK, Vivian
Biog., 19 (Jun)
KLAIl\IAN, R. Roslyn
Bk. rev., 51 (Oct)
Programmed instruction - can we use
it? 44 (JuJ)
KNAPIK, Teresa
Serves in Africa, 8 (Ian). 18 (Aug)
KNELSEN, Marie
Biog., 18 (Jan)
KOZIER, Barbara Blackwood
Biog., 23 (May)
KUNDERl\IAN, Eleanor
Biog., 18 (Jun)
KrTSCHKE, Myrtle A.
The effect of the diversional aChvlly of
painting-by-number on cardiac output.
(abst). 49 (Dec)
L
LABEKOVSKI, Tatiana
Biog.. (port), 18 (Feb)
LABOR UNIONS
CNA to prepare brief on labor relations,
7 (Nov)
Ups and downs of economic progress
(Rowsell), 26 (Nov)
LAIRD, P.
Bk. rev., 52 (Nov)
LAMONT, Helene M.
Biog., (port), 18 (Dec)
LA TIMER, Elizabeth
Award, 18 (Mar)
LAURENTIAN l'NIVERSITY
Director, School of Nursing. Vivian Kirk-
patrick, 19 (Jun)
LAUZE, S.
A tropical disease - in Quebec. 44
(May)
LAVAL UNIVERSITY
Opens school of nursing, 9 (Apr)
LA WSON, F. S.
The Saskatchewan plan, 27 (Jun)
LAYCOCK, S.H.
Bk. rev., 50 (Dec)
.ECLAIR, Victorine
Biog., (port), 18 (Dec)
Æ DREW, Donna
ARNN bursary, 19 (Jan)
JEE, Margaret N.
Bk. rev., 48 (Apr)
Preferences for university teaching as the
career goal, (abst), 45 (Jun)
JeFEUVRE, H.
Bk. rev., 57 (Nov)
ENNIE, Clara May
A study of student achievement in an
Alberta hospital school of nursing,
(abst), 51 (Mar)
.ETOURNEAU, !\Iarguerite, Sister
Preparing brief to University of Calgary,
24 (J ul)
ÆTTERS
4 (Jan), 4 (Feb), 4 (Mar), 4 (Apr), 4
(May), 4 (Jun), 4 (Jul), 4 (Aug), 4
(Sep), 4 (Oct), 4 (No v), 4 (Dec)
JIBRARIES
"Instant Librarians," 8 (Apr), 8 (Oct)
Registered Nurses' Association of Nova
Scotia to sponsor librarians' workshop,
12 (Dec)
School of nursing librarians meet in
Toronto, 20 (Jul)
.Il\10GES, Thérèse
Homosexuality among women, (Ran-
court), 42 (Dec)
JINDABURY, Virginia A.
Canadian Nurses Foundation (editorial),
3 (Oct)
The child care worker in psychiatry, 42
(May)
National Testing Service, (editorial), 3
(Nov)
Psychiatric nurses, (edit), 25 (Oct)
That's what we want for Christmas,
(edit), 27 (Dec)
.IPTON, Helen
Biog., (port), 20 (Sep)
.IVINGSTON, M. Christine (port)
Order of S1. John investiture, 8 (lan)
.OBBYING
Editorial, 3 (Aug)
.ONG, Linda
Tomorrow's nursing education in Saskat-
chewan, 30 (Apr)
_UCIEN DE JESUS, Sister
Biog., (port), 20 (Sep)
JUSSIER, Rita J.
Nursing coordinator at Expo '67, 16 (Jan)
JUSSIER-GAUTHIER, Henriette
Adolescents in hospital, 43 (Aug)
LYONS, S.
Bk. rev., 53 (Mar)
LYONS, Walter
Expectation - its role in nursing home
care, 47 (Dec)
M
McCREARY -Jl'HASZ, Anne
Sex knowledge of prospective teachers
and graduate nurses, 48 (Jul)
MacDONALD, Janet
Nursing care in renal transplantation, 35
(Oct)
MacDONALD, Joan C.
Biog., (port), 23 (Nov)
'HacDONALD, M.I\I.
Bk. rev., 53 (Dec)
MacDONALD, Margaret E.
Biog., 19 (Mar)
McDIARMID, Norma I.
John - a victim of maternal depriva-
tion, 43 (Sep)
McEWEN, Donald C.
Estrogen replacement therapy at meno-
pause, 34 (Feb)
MclLWRAITH, Nancy
Award, 18 (Mar)
MciNTOSH, Margaret
Bk. rev., 52 (Nov)
'lcKENZIE, Janet Alison
Biog., 20 (Sep)
McKINNON, M. Barbara, Sister
Coordination within the educational
program, (abst), 52 (Mar)
MacLAGGAN, Katherine E,
Award for distinguished achievement in
nursing education, 24 (Jul)
Bk. rev., 53 (Mar)
CNF scholarship to commemorate, 10
(Dee)
In Memoriam (editorial), 3 (Mar)
Memorial scholarship for Katherine Mac-
Laggan, 16 (Aug)
New Brunswick nurses take important
step in nursing education, 7 (Jan)
Port., 27 (Mar)
Telegrams expressed grief..., 28 (Mar)
A tribute, 26 (Mar)
McLEAN, Margaret D.
Automation will be "A fact of life," 14
(Jun)
Biog., (Port), 21 (May)
'\1acLEOD, Marguerite
Biog., (port), 18 (Jun)
MacLEOD, Shirley
Biog., 18 (Jan)
McMASTER UNIVERSITY
Faculty appointments, 17 (Jan)
McMINN, H.
Bk. rev., 45 (May)
McNAUGHTON, Norma
Employee health service. 45 (Dec)
;\IAGGIE, Jean
Bk. rev., 53 (Jan)
MAIR, Mace
The fight against cancer, 44 (Apr)
MALLORY, H. Evelyn
Biog., (port), 18 (Aug)
MALONEY, George T.
Standardization. 47 (Mar)
:\IANCE, Jeanne
Committee to raise funds for monu-
ment, 14 (Dec)
MANITOBA. COMMISSION ON
SUPPLY OF NURSES
MARN responds to report, 13 (May)
MANITOBA ASSOCIATION OF
REGISTERED NURSES
Annual meeting, 8 (Aug)
Employment relations consultant, H.W.
Dale, 25 (lul)
Manitoba nurses: Are they coming or
going?, 12 (Dec)
New executive director, M.E. Cameron,
18 (Mar)
New public relations officer, P.G. Mor-
combe, 18 (Mar)
Responds to report, 13 (May)
MANITOBA HOSPITAL Cü:\Il\flSSION
To finance nurse refresher courses, 14
(Nov)
MARGESSON, Wendy
Opinion, 31 (Jul)
MARIE, Ann, Sister
The reactions of student nurses to spec-
ific regulations in effect in nurses'
residences, (abst), 48 (Oct)
MARRIAGE
Is anybody happy?, 47 (Apr)
MARSON, Wendy
India's project number one, 45 (Nov)
MARTIN, Cathryn Lillian
Biog., (port), 16 (Jan)
MARTIN, Denise
Bk. rev., 56 (Mar)
MARTYN, Doris
Bk. rev., 52 (Aug)
Radiation therapy for skin cancer, 48
(Feb)
MATERNAL HEALTH AND WELFARE
First Canadian conference, 8 (May)
From communication to coordination,
(Bergman), 34 (Apr)
Prenatal care and infant mortality among
Canadian Indians, (Graham-Cumming),
29 (Sep)
MATTE, Edith
WHO public health nurse in Libreville,
18 (Aug)
XI
MAUBACH, S. J.
Hospital and health care - what price?
(Comm), 49 (Mar)
MAY, Ruth E.
Bk. rev., 51 (Dee)
Outpost nursing, 34 (Mar)
I\fEERE, Claude
Recent advances in heart surgery, (Gron-
din), 32 (Jan)
J\lEl\fORIAL UNIVERSITY.
SCHOOL OF NURSING
First work conference scheduled for new
school at Memorial University, 18 (Jul)
MEN NURSES
Male nurses gain recognition, 18 (May)
Male nurses admitted to University of
Montreal, 20 (Jul)
Male school of nursing to close, 14
(May)
More nursing schools in Britain to wel-
come male students, 15 (Nov)
MENTAL HEALTH
B.c. reorganizes mental health services,
12 (Dec)
Center for mentally ill children to be
developed in Sudbury, 17 (Sep)
Editorial, 3 (Jun)
Man and his mind, theme of CMHA
congress, 13 (Sep)
Public support needed for psychiatric
programs, 12 (Mar)
MENTAL RETARDATION
Remotivation to motivation, (Thompson),
32 (Jul)
METROPOLITAN ASSOCIATION
OF NURSES (MONTREAL)
Controversy among Montreal's English-
speaking nurses, 10 (Jan)
MILLER, Christine
Biog., (port), 22 (Nov)
I\ULLER, Sally Jane
Biog., 18 (Jan)
MILLS, Alice C.
Biog., (port), 19 (Jun)
I\ULLS, Joan
Bk. rev., 47 (May)
MILTON, Isabel C.
Contraceptive practices past and present,
29 (Oct)
I\UZUHARA, Dorothy
WHO public health educator in Zambia,
19 (Aug)
MONAGHAN, John R.
Nursing education in Malawi (Monag-
han), 35 (Jun)
MONTOUR, Jeannine, Sister
Biog., (port), 20 (Apr)
:\IONTREAL. UNIVERSITY
School of nursing joins University of
Montreal, 15 (Sep)
XII
MOOGK, Helen
A need for approval, (Gozah), 34 (Sep)
MOONEY, Margaret, Sister
Biog., (port), 23 (Nov)
I\fORCOMBE, Pearl G.
Biog., (port), 18 (Mar)
MOREHOUSE, Douglas D.
Treatment of traumatic rupture of
urethra, 42 (Oct)
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Geographical Clusters of MS, 47 (Apr)
Grants, 13 (Mar)
I\fUSSALLEM, Helen K.
Breakthrough: Nurse is guest speaker at
doctors' convention, 9 (Jul)
A glimpse of nursing in the USSR, 27
(Feb)
Guest speaker at Alberta Association of
Registered Nurses, 12 (Jul)
ICN Council of Representatives in Evian,
France, 8 (Aug)
Manpower problems in nursing, 25 (Aug)
Nursing in Canada, (edit), 27 (Apr)
N
NAKONECHNY, Geraldine
Bk. rev., 46 (Jun)
NAMES
16 (lan), 18 (Feb), 18 (Mar), 20 (Apr), 21
(May), 18 (lun), 24 (lul), 18 (Aug), 20
(Sep), 15 (Oct), 22 (Nov), 18 (Dec)
NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS
see Tests and measurements
NATIONAL LEAGUE FOR NURSING
NLN affirms stand on nursing education,
14 (Jul)
NLN convention opens in New York this
month, 13 (May)
NESBITT, Lynda
Nursing the patient on long-term hemo-
dialysis, 40 (Oct)
NEUROLOGY
Canadian-designed device measures hidden
skull pressure, 15 (Jan)
NEW BRUNSWICK ASSOCIATION
OF REGISTERED NURSES
Annual meeting emphasizes nursing ser-
vice, 9 (J ul)
Awards scholarships, 12 (Dec)
Bursaries, 19 (J an)
New Brunswick nurses take important step
in nursing education, 7 (Jan)
Protests minister's remarks, 10 (Au g)
Thorne, Anne D., NBARN bursary, 22
(Nov)
NEW BRUNSWICK. UNIVERSITY
Building program at UNB, 18 (May)
Faculty appointments, School of Nursing,
18 (Jan)
School of nursing gets national health
grant, 22 (Jul)
NEW PRODUCTS
22 (lan), 25 (Feb), 22 (Mar), 25 (Apr),
22 (lun), 26 (Jul), 21 (Aug), 25 (Sep)
22 (Oct), 24 (Nov), 22 (Dec)
NEWS
7 (lan), 7 (Feb), 7 (Mar), 7 (Apr), 7 (May)
7 (Jun), 9 (Jul), 7 (Aug), 7 (Sep), 7 (Oct)
7 (Nov), 9 (Dec)
NEYLAN, Margaret S.
The development of an evaluation Q-sort
(abst), 51 (Mar)
NICHOLSON, Valerie
Bk. rev., 51 (Feb)
NIELSEN, Jocelyne
Bk. rev., 45 (May)
NIGHTINGALE, Florence
In the Nightingale tradition, 15 (lan)
NIGHTINGALE, Helen
Bk. rev., 52 (Dec)
NORTHERN HEALTH SERVICES
Wadhams' outpost nursing station, (lohn-
son), 28 (May)
NURSES, SHORTAGE OF
see Nursing needs and resources
NURSES, SUPPLY OF
see Nursing needs and resources
NURSING - CANADA
Mussallem, H. K. (edit), 27 (Apr)
NURSING - FOREIGN COUNTRIES
From communication to coordination
(Bergman), 34 (Apr)
A glimpse of nursing in the USSR (Mus-
sallem), 27 (Feb)
Nurses serve abroad with external aid, I I
(Mar)
NURSING EDUCATION
see Education
NURSING FUNCTIONS
Editorial 3 (Sep)
Henderson, Jane. A study of the rela-
tionship between a nurses knowledge
of biological principles and her per-
formance of a specific technical pro-
cedure, (abst), 49 (Dec)
Study on non-nursing activities in B.C., 7
(Feb)
NURSING HISTORY
Editorial 3 (J ul)
NURSING HOMES
Expectation - its role in nursing home
care, (Lyons), 47 (Dec)
Nursing Homes Institute hears new reg-
ulations, 8 (Apr)
NURSING NEEDS AND RESOURCES
Alberta hospitals close wards, 16 (Apr)
Considerations for nurse recruitment,
(Good), 31 (Dec)
Facts about nursing in Canada, 17 (Sep),
50 (Oct), 48 (Dec)
Facts .tboU! registered nurses in Canada,
14 (J.m). 16 (Mar), 13 (Apr). 17 (lun)
Manitoba nurses: Are they coming or
going?, 12 (Dec)
M.mpower problems in nursing. (Mussal-
lem). 25 (Aug)
Wanted - a revised Income Tax Act
(edit). 25 (l an)
NCRSING SERVICE
Day's pay furnishes room. 17 (Aug)
First nursing service workshop a success,
II (Jun)
Gareau. Olivette. A study of the con-
gruency among the expectations of the
head nurse.... (absl). 19 (Dec)
NBARN annual meeting emphasizes nurs-
ing service. 9 (Jul)
Nursing service workshop held on west
coast. 18 (Jul)
Plans complete for CNA Regional Work-
shops. 7 (Oct)
Staff nurses discuss work setting. 19 (JuJ)
A study of inactive nurses in Alberta. Ca-
nada. (Buchan). (abst). 51 (Mar)
A study of the unit manager concept in
action. (O'Sullivan) (abst). 45 (lun)
UWO School of nursing sponsors fifth
seminar. 7 Clan)
Workshops on nlll
ing service highly suc-
cessful. 10 (Dec)
NURSING SISTERS' ASSOCIATION
OF CANADA
In the Nightingale tradition. 15 (Jan)
NUSSBAUM, Helen
Biog.. 18 (Aug)
NUTRITION
Cut vitamins in foods proposes Drug Di-
rectorate.., 10 (Sep)
More studies relate vitamin C, wound
healing. 13 (Sep)
o
O'BRIEN, Mary
Habilitation of thalidomide children: the
nursing approach. (Owen, Ralph), 26
(J an)
OBSTETRICS
Baribeau, Pierrette. A study of expressed
attitudes of Lamaze fathers toward labor
and delivery experience, (abst), 52 (Mar)
Fetal heart monitors in use in Montreal,
8 (J un)
New controlled childbirth classes started in
Vancouver, 14 (Sep)
No Gyn on Obs!. 14 (Feb)
One-day conference at Sarnia, 20 (Jul)
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
Employee health service, (McNaughton),
45 (Dec)
Industrial M.:dical Center opened in Ha-
milton, 15 (Sep)
O'CONNOR, C.
Bk. rev.. 57 (Nov)
O'CONNOR, Valerie
Biog., 19 (Feb)
OFFICIAL DICTIONARY
see CANADIAN NURSES
ASSOCIATION
OKKENHAUG. Lee
Manipulation in a nurse-patient relation-
ship. 46 (Aug)
ONTARIO HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION
Annual meeting. 14 (Dec)
Hospital association urges "go metric", 14
(Nov)
President. William. A. Holland, 19 (Mar)
ONTARIO COLLEGE OF NURSES
RNAO and College of Nurses say public
funds needed for recruitment 7 (Sep)
OPERATING ROOM NURSES
Plan institute for spring '68. 12 (Jul)
ORDWAY, Eeleanor M.
Drug protection for Canadians. 38 (May)
ORR, Ena Maud
Biog., (porI), 18 (Feb)
Bk. rev., 46 (lun)
ORR. Shirley
Bk. rev., 50 (Dec)
ORTHON-JOHNSON, Veronica
Biog.. (port). 19 (Aug)
O'SHAUGHNESSY, Catherine Teresa
Biog.. (port). 20 (Apr)
OSTAPOVITCH, Vera
Biog., (port), 18 (Aug)
O'SULLIVAN, M. Celestine, Sister
A study of the unit manager concept in
action. (abst), 46 (lun)
OSWALD, Joan Kathleen
Macmillan award winner. (porI). 8 (Apr)
OTT A W A. UNIVERSITY
First Doctor of nursing degree awarded
to Dorothy Percy. 19 (Dec)
OWENS, Margaret
Habilitation of thalidomide children: the
nursing approach. (O'Brien, Ralph), 26
(lan)
p
PALTlEL, Freda L.
Biog., 21 (May)
PANDYA, Madluri Ruth
Home care of Ravi - a premature infant,
33 (Nov)
PAPLAUSKAS-RAMUNAS, Ramona
Biog., (port), 18 (Feb)
PAQUET, Jeanne d'Arc
Biog., (port), 21 (May)
PARFITT, Elaine
Biog., 18 (Ian)
PARKINSON'S DISEASE
Association grows. 20 (Nov)
PARNEL, J.
Bk. rev., 55 (Nov)
PAUL, W. Keith
Research nursing in psychiatry, 33 (lun)
PAULUS, Ingeborg
Drug dependency research expensive lu-
xury or necessary commodity? 36 (Mar)
PEARSON, Lois
Poison control as a nursing function. 35
(May)
PEDIATRICS
The child care worker in psychiatry. (Lin-
dabury). 42 (May)
Children and anesthesia. (Kingsley). 26
(Oct)
Effectiveness of nursing visits to primi-
gravida mothers. (Brown). 45 (Jan)
Habilitation of thalidomide children: the
nursing approach. (O'Brien. Owens.
Ralph). 26 (Jan)
Homelike equipment for hospital. 32 (Sep)
Impact of cerebral palsy on patient and
family, (Hawke). 29 (lan)
John - a victim of maternal deprivation.
(McDiarmid). 43 (Sep)
Medical care of Eskimo children. (Stein-
metz). 29 (Mar)
Metabolic research ward opens in Winni-
peg. 14 (Feb)
Pediatric Art Contest. 32 (Sep)
Special children's unit successful: new unit
opens. 19 (Jul)
Study investigates growth of Quebec child-
ren. 15 (May)
PEITCHINIS, J.
Bk. rev., 57 (Mar)
PELLEY, Thelma
Bk. rev.. 55 (Mar)
PENN, Carla (port)
Editorial assistant Canadian Nurse, 16
(J an)
PEPPER, Evelyn A.
A dream realised. 39 (Nov)
PERCY, Dorothy M.
Biog., (port). 16 (lan)
Doctor of Nursing degree. 19 (Dec)
Nursing scholarship. 14 (Jun)
PESZAT, Lucille
Bk. rev., 45 (May)
PETERS, Sarah
Biog.. (port), 21 (Sep)
PETITCLERC, Claude
Hemophilia. 36 (Jul)
PHARMACY
Head PMAC urges stronger patent laws.
15 (Jan)
Nurse and pharmacist-partners. (Summers).
40 (Feb)
PHYSICIANS
Canadian doctors visit China. 12 (Mar)
Drop-Quts among women doctors. 23 (Jun)
Manitoba doctors want higher pay. 15
(Ian)
XIII
PINSET, Amelia
WHO nursing education team in Cairo, 18
(Aug)
PITTS, Edna
Honorary life mf'mbership, CPHA, 19
(Jan)
POISONS
Poison control as a nursing function,
(Pearson), 35 (May)
POLLARD, E. M.
Bk. rev., 55 (Jan)
PRACTICAL NURSING
Different approach, 23 (Aug)
PROBLEM SOLVING
How to solve a problem, 7 (Apr)
PSYCHIATRY
An assessment of the use of nurse-patient
relationship to provide three aspects of
supportive emotional care in a psychia-
tric hospital, (Watts), (abst), 48 (Oct)
B.C. psychiatric nurses seek salary raises,
12 (Jun)
The child care worker in psychiatry (Lin-
dabury), 42 (May)
Community psychiatric nursing, (Atkinson,
VanKampen), 31 (Jun)
Conference on adolescent psychiatry, 22
(Jul)
From institution to community, (Grun-
berg), 26 (Jun)
Lindabury, Virginia A., (edit), 25 (Oct)
Manipulation in a nurse-patient relation-
ship, (Okkenhaug), 46 (Aug)
New services at L'Institut Albert Prévost,
13 (Feb)
Psychiatric museum opens at St. Michael-
Archange Hospital, 17 (Aug)
Public support needed for psychiatric pro-
grams, 12 (Mar)
RPNs receive RN diploma in new SRNA
program, 13 (lun)
RPN's seek recognition in Ontario, 13
(May)
Remotivation to motivation (Thompson),
32 (Jul)
Research nursing in psychiatry (Paul), 33
(J un)
The Saskatchewan plan, (Lawson), 27 (lun)
Weyburn Psychiatric Centre (Wright), 29
(J un)
PSYCHOLOGY
Attitudes of nurses to nursing (Costello),
42 (lun)
PUBLIC HEALTH
"Community health in Canada" theme for
CPHA meeting, 8 (Jun)
Editorial, 25 (Jun)
Effectiveness of nursing visits to primi-
gravida mothers, (Brown), 45 (Jan)
From communication to coordination
(Bergman), 34 (Apr)
Nursing in the North, 32 (Mar)
Public health nurses sign contract, 10 (Apr)
Public health organizations could coordin-
ate health services, 14 (Jun)
XIV
Public health project in Ontario, 38 (lun)
RNAO recommends change in public
health act, 16 (Feb)
Sethee, U.K., An exploration of the skills
of interviewing with problems related to
it, as practiced by nurses in emotion-
laden situations encountered in public
health nursing, (abst), 50 (Sep)
Q
QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY
Acting director School of Nursing, Sister
Margaret Mooney, 23 (Nov)
QUINN, Sheila
Biog., (port), 18 (Aug)
Visit to Canada (port), 9, 18 (Dec)
QUINT, Jeanne C.
When patients die: some nursing problems,
33 (Dec)
QUO V ADIS SCHOOL OF NURSING
Graduates second class, 10 (Oct)
R
RACE
Clue to colour in negroes, whites, 23
(Aug)
RALPH, Ja
Habilitation of thalidomide children: the
nursing approach, (O'Brien, Owens), 26
(Jan)
RANCOURT, Rejane
Homosexuality among women, (Limoges),
42 (Dec)
RANDALL, Lillian Mae
Biog., 19 (Mar)
RAYMOND, LeIla
Biog., 19 (Feb)
RECRUITMENT
Considerations for nurse recruitment,
(Good), 31 (Dec)
RNAO express concern about recruitment,
13 (Jun)
REFRESHER COURSES
Manitoba Hospital Commission to finance
nurse refresher courses, 14 (Nov)
Prepares guide for refresher courses, 7
(Feb)
REGISTERED NURSES ASSOCIATION
OF BRITISH COLUMBIA
B.C. alters policy on National Health
Grants, 18 (Nov)
Plan for nursing education presented to
RNABC annual meeting, 11 (Jul)
RNABC returns president for second term,
14 (Jul)
Study on non-nursing activities in B.C., 7
(Feb)
REGISTERED NURSES ASSOCIATION
OF NOVA SCOTIA
Examines shortened programs, 11 (Jul)
New officers for RNANS, II (Jul)
To sponsor librarians' workshop, 12 (Dec)
REGISTERED NURSES ASSOCIATION
OF ONTARIO
CNA to undertake examination service,
(Nov)
Elects male president, 18 (Jun)
Express concern about recruitment, I::
(Jun)
Greylists county hospital, 16 (Jul)
Halton county off greylist, 10 (Nov)
Honorary membership, Marjorie G. Rus-
sell, 24 (Jul)
Integrated education program favored b}
RNAO, 11 (lun)
RNAO and College of Nurses say publi(
funds needed for recruitment. 7 (Sep)
Recommends change in public health act
16 (Feb)
Recommends system of certification. f
(Sep)
Reports progress in collective bargaining
7 (Jun)
Twenty-six enrolled in RNAO's refresheJ
course for nurses, 15 (Dec)
REHABILITATION
Canadian rehabilitation council honor!
Montreal agency, 16 (Dec)
Habilitation of thalidomide children: tht
nursing approach, (O'Brien, Owens
Ralph), 26 (Jan)
RELIGION
New image for the hospital chaplain, (Wal.
lace), 29 (Aug)
RESEARCH AND STUDIES
CNA's Repository collection of nursin!
studies. 54 (Mar)
Research abstracts, 51 (Mar), 45 (Jun), 5(
(Sep), 48 (Oct), 49 (Dec)
Research nursing in psychiatry (Paul), 3
(Jun)
Research on two levels of nurses underwa}
at Winnipeg Hospital, 11 (Sep)
Research unit established, 8 (Jan)
RIDLEY, Una
Biog., (port), 19 (Aug)
RITCHIE, Judith
Biog., 18 (Jan)
RODRIGUE, Murielle
Nursing care in varicose vein surgery, 43
(J an)
ROONEY, Frances L., Sister
Bk. rev., 54 (lan), 47 (Jun)
ROWSELL, Glenna
Ups and downs of economic progress, 2l
(Nov)
ROYAL COMMISSION ON
STATUS OF WOMEN
Royal Commission on Status of Womer
to get brief from nurses 8 (May)
RUBIN, Jack A.
Bk. rev., 48 (Apr)
RUSSELL, Marjorie G.
Honorary membership, RNAO, 24 (Jul)
s
S \LARIES
AMA supports nursing salary raise, ]6
(Mar)
After seven years. b.tccalaureate nurses
earn more than teachers, 8 (Oct)
DBS to survey nurses' salaries. I I (Mar)
Facts about nursing in Canada. 50 (Nov)
Gap narrows between Canadian and Amer-
ican salary goals, 7 (May)
Manitoba doctors want higher pay, ]5
(Jan)
Quebec interns and residents get better sa-
laries, 15 (Mar)
Ups and downs of economic progress,
(Rowsell), 26 (Nov)
SALMON, Hazel
Biog., ]8 (Jan)
S.\
DERS, Leta
BI-.. rev., 53 (Dec)
S.\SKATCHEW.\N. DEPAHnIENT
OF EDUCATION
Assistant superintendent of nursing educa-
tion, Elizabeth E. Hartig. 16 (Oct)
SASKATCHEWAN. DEPARTMENT
OF PUBLIC HEALTH
Saskatchewan public health says: "Smile!
you're on the fluoride program", 14
(Nov)
SASKATCHEWAN HOSPITAL
ASSOCIATION
Nursing consultants, 15 (Oct)
SASKATCHEWAN INSTITUTE OF
APPLIED ARTS AND SCIENCES
Uniform designed for new School of Nur-
sing, 8 (Sep)
SASKATCHEWAN REGISTERED
NURSES ASSOCIATION
Bursaries, 19 (J an)
Holds workshops on collective bargaining,
7 (Oct)
Prepares guide for refresher course, 7 (Feb)
RPNs Receive R Ndiploma in new SRNA
program, ] 3 (Jun)
Responds to Ad Hoc Committee report, 19
(May)
Saskatchewan nurses celebrate golden anni-
versary at annual meeting, 10 (Jul)
SAUNDERS, Helen
Bk. rev., 48 (Apr)
SCHOOLS OF NURSING
see Education
SECOND EDUCATIONAL ASSEMBLY
ON HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATION
Nurses speak at hospital administrators'
meeting, 7 (Mar)
SETHEE, Ushvendra Kaur
An exploration of the skills of interviewing
with problems related to it, as practiced
by nurses in emotion-laden situations en-
countered in public health nursing,
(abst), 50 (Sep)
SEX
Homosexuality among women, Rancourt,
Limoges), 42 (Dec)
Sex knowledge of prospective teachers and
gradu;lIe nurses, (McCreary-Juhasz). 48
(J ul)
Symposium on sex education for educators
and counselors, 16 (Nov)
SHEAH.\N, l\1ary
Unit-based inservice education, (Gauthier,
Sutherland), 39 (Aug)
SKIN
Radiation therapy for skin cancer, (Mar-
tyn), 48 (Feb)
Tumors of the skin. (Fitzpatrick). 45 (Feb)
SKITCH, C. H.
Biog., 16 (Oct)
SLEEP
Snorers are shocked. 47 (Apr)
S:\IITH. Lottie
Biog., 19 (Jun)
S:\IITH, 1\1.
Project bed rest, (Dahl, Fowle, Hutchison,
Graham. Black). 50 (Ian)
SMITH, Marlene Koch
Public health nurses form first chapter T-
Groups, (Watson Carr), 46 (Sep)
S:\lOKING
Anti-smoking measures continues, 14 (Jan)
Bananas for sale, 20 (Oct)
Editorial, 3 (Apr)
5,500,000 still puffing, 2 I (Mar)
Lettuce have a smoke, 26 (Jul)
"No Smoking" literature for bedside tables,
8 (Feb)
Smoking doks get cancer, 29 (Jul)
Smoldering image, 47 (Apr)
SOCIAL SERVICE
Toronto's street haven started by RN, I3
(Feb)
SPADLlNG, Jean W.
Bk. rev., 52 (Feb)
SPECIALISM
CNA Nursing Service Committee favors
nursing specialists, 7 (Aug)
Medical intensive care (Staples), 31 (May)
RNAO plan of action recommends system
of certification, 8 (Sep)
Role of nursing clinician defined at region-
al meeting, I3 (Aug)
ST. JOHN AMBULANCE
Annual investiture. 8 (Jan)
Course requires nurse volunteers. 12 (Nov)
Film, 52 (Jul)
STATISTICS
see
Facts about registered nurses in Can-
and
Facts about nursing in Canada
STAPLES, Sally
Medical intensive care, 31 (May)
STEED, Margaret
Bk. rev.. 51 (Feb)
Keynote address to NBARN annual meet-
ing, 9 (Jul)
Nurses speak at hospital administrators'
meeting. 7 (Mar)
Three-day education workshop held for
PEl instructors, 18 (Jul)
STEINMETZ, N.
Medical care of Eskimo children. 29 (Mar)
STEWART, Diane Yvonne
Biog.. (por!). 18 (Mar)
STIVER, 1\1. Pearl (port)
Order of SI. John investiture, 8 (lan)
STERTCH, Patricia
Bk. rev., 54 (Nov)
STUDENTS
Barrie students raise funds for overseas
student, 12 (Feb)
Lennie, Clara May, A study of student
achievement in an Alberta hospital
school of nursing, (abs!). 51 (Mar)
Marie, Ann. Sister, The reactions of stu-
dent nurses to specific regulations in
effect in nurses' residences, (abs!), 48
(Oct)
Residence living - yes or no?, (Doyle.
Daykin), 30 (Nov)
SUICIDE
Suicides high, 47 (Apr)
Whose problem?, 20 (Oct)
SUMMERS, Jack L.
Nurse and pharmacist-p.lrtners, 40 (Feb)
SUPERVISORS AND SUPERVISION
Compromise or challenge, 15 (May)
SURGERY
Dyche, Elsie Ruth (Yvans). A study to
explore the effect of a planned pre-
operative nursing visit..., (abst), 49 (Dec)
Intensive care unit in cardiovascular surge-
ry, (Boisvert), 36 (J an)
Nursing care in varicose vein surgery, (Ro-
drigue), 43 (Jan)
Recent advances in heart surgery, (Gron-
din, Meere), 32 (Ian)
SUTHERLAND, l\Iargaret
Unit-based inservice education, (Gauthier,
Sheahan), 39 (Aug)
SVENNINGSEN, Margaret
Serves in Africa, 8 (Jan)
WHO team at University of Ghana 19
(Aug)
SYLVAIN, Jeannette
Canadi:m nurses work with WHO. 8 (Nov)
SYMPOSIUM ON FAMILY EDUCATION
Symposium on sex education for educators
and counselors, 16 (Nov)
T
TASK FORCE ON LABOR RELATIONS
CNA to prepare brief on labor relations
7 (Nov)
xv
TAXATION
Wanted - a revised Income Tax Act
(edit), 25 (l an)
T ALOR, Forence
Biog., 19 (Mar)
TEACHERS AND TEACHING
The development of an evaluation Q-sort;
(Neylan) (abst), 51 (Mar)
The improvement of the educational pre-
paration of instructors in pre-service
programs in nursing in Ontario, (Griffin)
(abst), 50 (Sep)
Overhead projector demonstrated, 20 (Jul)
Preferences for university teaching, (Lee),
(abst), 45 (lun)
Programmed instruction - can we use it?
(Klaiman), 44 (Jul)
A proposed method for evaluation of
teaching effectiveness in schools of nur-
sing, (Cunningham), (abst), 48 (Oct)
Symposium on sex education for educators
and counselors, 16 (Nov)
TELEVISION
New equipment at Sacré-Coeur first in
North America, 19 (Sep)
TERRY, Grace Elizabeth
Biog., (port), 17 (J an)
TESTS AND MEASUREMENTS
CNA to undertake examination service, 7
(Nov)
The development of an evaluation Q-sort;
(Neylan) (abst), 51 (Mar)
Editorial, 27 (May)
National exams for Canada?, 7 (May)
National Testing Service, (edit), (Lin-
dabury), 3 (Nov)
Nation-wide exams for Canadian nurses?,
7 tMar)
THOMPSON, Doris S.
Bk. rev., 49 (Oct)
Remotivation to motivation, 32 (lu!)
THOMPSON, Jean
Biog., (port), 10 (l u!)
THORNE, Anne D.
NBARN bursary, 22 (Nov)
TIFFNEY, Helen P.
Guidelines for an in-service education pro-
gram, (abst), 45 (Jun)
TONEY, Coralea
Biog., 18 (Jan)
TUBERCULOSIS
Need to eradicate not control, T.E., 17
(Jun)
u
UNICEF
Children's Gift to Pakistan, 19 (Sep)
Leprosy control in Dahomey aided by
UNICEF, 8 (Oct)
UNIFORMS
Space suits for nurses, 11 (Mar)
Uniform designed for new School of Nur-
sinj:(, 8 (Sep)
XVI
UNITED NURSES OF MONTREAL
Begin work on contracts, 14 (Aug)
Controversy among Montreal's English-
speaking nurses, 10 (lan)
Seek accreditation, 8 (Feb)
UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES
Laval opens school of nursing, 9 (Apr)
UROLOGY
Anomalies and infection of genitourinary
tract, (Ackman), 44 (Oct)
Nursing care in renal transplantation,
(MacDonald), 35 (Oct)
Nursing the patient on long-term hemo-
dialysis (Nesbitt), 40 (Oct)
Present status of renal transplantation,
(Dossetor), 32 (Oct)
Treatment of traumatic rupture of urethra
(Morehouse), 42 (Oct)
v
VANIER INSTITUTE
Launches family life education study, 17
(Sep)
VANKAMPEN, Frank J.
Community psychiatric nursing (Atkinson),
31 (lun)
Van RAALTE, E.
The house that dedication built, 44 (Nov)
VEINS
Nursing care in varicose vein surgery, (Ro-
drigue), 43 (Jan)
Varicose veins of the lower limbs,
(Dionne), 39 (Jan)
VETERINARY MEDICINE
Deserter of people?, (Wilkinson), 45 (Mar)
Seals for patients (Johnson, deJong, Fos-
ter), 50 (Aug)
VICTORIAN ORDER OF NURSES
"Meals on Wheels" for shut-ins, 11 (Apr)
VON general meeting held in Ottawa, 7
(Jun)
VINGE, Evangeline
Biog., 19 (Dec)
VIRGINIA, M., Sister
Biog., (port), 15 (Oct)
w
WALKER, Mildred Irene
Biog., (port), 16 (J an)
Biog., 19 (Feb)
WALLACE, Robert A.
New image for the hospital chaplain, 29
(Aug)
WALPOLE, Peggy Ann
Toronto's street haven started by RN, 13
(Feb)
WARD, Bernice M.
Bk. rev., 48 (Jun)
WATTS, Evelyn M.
An assessment of the use of nurse-patient
relationship to provide three aspects of
supportive emotional care in a psychia
tric hospital, (abst), 48 (Oct)
WEDGERY, Albert W.
President of RNAO, 18 (Jun)
WESTERN ONTARIO. UNIVERSITY
Sets 1970 deadline for nurses to complell
B.Se.N., 10 (Sep)
UWO Sehool of nursing sponsors fiftt
seminar, 7 (lan)
WILKINS, Mary E.
Biog., (port), 19 (Aug)
WILKINSON, Jean
Deserter of people?, 45 (Mar)
WILLETT, Kathleen S.
Biog., (port), 22 (Nov)
WILSON, Carolyn
NBARN scholarships of $500, 19 (lan)
WISHLOW, W.
Bk. rev., 51 (Jul)
WOOD, Kathleen C.
Biog., (port), 19 (Jun)
WOOD, Vivian
Bk. rev., 51 (Sep)
WORLD HEALTH DAY
7 (Apr)
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
Alberta nurses serve in Africa, 8 (Jan)
Canadian nurses work with WMO, 8 (Nov
Gemeroy, Helen M., psychiatric nursinj
consultant, 22 (Nov)
Investigates bilharziasis, 17 (Apr)
Kellogg Foundation gives grant, 17 (Jun)
Six Canadian nurses joined staff, 18 (Aug
Travelling seminar in USSR (Mussallem)
27 (Feb)
World Health Day, 7 (Apr)
World health problems, 18 (Jul)
WORLD WAR II
M. & V. for Christmas dinner, 28 (Dee
WRIGHT, Erna
Biog., 23 (May)
WRIGHT, John B.
Weybum Psychiatric Centre, 29 (Jun)
WRITING
Conference for editors of nursing jour
nals, 12 (Oct)
x
X RAY
WI;lO, UNICEF try new x-ray units, 1:
(Mar)
y
YOUNG, Helen
Biog., 19 (Mar)
z
ZILM, Glennis
Mental health (edit), 3 (Jun)
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goes to pharmacist for I.V. vitamins.
(3) Nurse must procure a syringe and
needle (4) Each added requisition also
goes to Accounting. (5) Materials go to
nursing station and are checked. (6)
Nurse reconstitutes vitamins (often a
solid cake). (7) She withdraws concen-
trate by syringe. (8) Using sterile proce-
.
..............
dure, she enters litre bottle. (9) She re-Iabels
bottle to show correct contents. (10) Only now
does she catch up with Surbex-1000 Solution!
Surbex-1000 Solution eliminates all these costly
steps. A requisition goes to Central Supply for
Surbex-1000 Solution. . . and it's ready for use!
Why not stock it in your hospital?
Indicated for intravenous use in patients with increased
requirements for ascorbic acid and 8-complex vita-
mins- as following surgery, trauma, burns; in febrile
diseases, thyrotoxicosis, peritonitis, retro-perito-
neal sepsis, infected wounds; when dietary in-
take is impaired, as in gastrointestinal disease,
alcoholism; or in conjunction with LV. glucose,
amino acids, or protein hydrolysates.
Contraindications and precautions: Do not
- \ use in patients hypersensitive to parenteral
niacinamide or thiamine; possible sensi-
tivity should be determined before use.
Administration and dosage: Surbex-1000
Solution is intended only for intravenous
administration. The usual dose is 1000 mL,
preferably given as a slow infusion over a
period of two hours or more (8 mL or less!
min.). This dose may be increased
or decreased in accordance with
clinical requirements.
_I..1IMt___
a
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--
.Trademark registered
Surbex-1000 Solution
WITH DEXTROSE 5%
Full information is
available on requesL
43ØY-87R
.
,.
125 Gm. (1
oz.) P l2S
.............
IHisoHei
m
y.
cream
sudsing
antibacterial
skin
cleanser
5 fl. oz. P 314
For any p!rSOllal cleansing (bIth4
sIIampõo;ng, etc.) of babies. chlldrlft'-
1t1. Removes germs (bacteri.) tr.
lIi'n .1Id inhibits their growth (c_
tift bacteriostatic action) if usIII
routinely.
CW
acne
therapeutic
shampoo
for control of dandruff
and allied
scalp conditions
4
fl. oz. p.ns
FOI
UII: precipitated sulfur 5%.
IIdlum salicylate 0.5%, II1d
::achl
roPhene 3% (total wt.
s) with entsufon, lanolin
cholesterols and petrolatum.
Read enclosed circular.
GUJWkøp
for the
treatment of
and related
skin blemishes
CONTAINS:
,dal sullur L . leso","01
. hexad phene 03'1.
d alcohol .v/r (v. w) m a
h c lored,greaselesscream.
-J
when bacteria-free skin is
important
pHisoHex (3% hexachlorophene) pHisoAc, pHlsoDan, T.M. Reg'd. Canada. Full information is available on request.
cw :_.,
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AURORA ONTARIO
Réseau de bibliothèques
Université d'Ottawa
Échéance
Library Network
University of Ottawa
Date Due
.
ov 1 1 200l I
JA t.
0 5 2G"3
unu/, . .I:IIHllU,/ii1
a39003 008 24311b
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